Question: What causes the color of hematite and red ochre?
Answer: iron oxide

Question: Why does a sky turn red when the evening comes?
Answer: Rayleigh scattering

Question: What pigment is responsible for the color of leaves in fall?
Answer: anthocyanins

Question: During what period did people use Kermes vermilio to make red dye?
Answer: Neolithic Period

Question: What does Kermes vermilio eat to survive?
Answer: the sap of certain trees, especially Kermes oak trees

Question: From where did Romans acquire Kermes?
Answer: Spain

Question: What kind of bural was at Adaoutse, Bouches-du-Rhône?
Answer: Neolithic cave-burial

Question: What was the earliest known writing about dye from Aermenian cochineal?
Answer: 8th century BC

Question: In which book of the Bible did God reference gifts of Blue Purple and Scarlet?
Answer: the Book of Exodus

Question: What does coccumque bis tinctum translate to in english?
Answer: colored twice with coccus

Question: In ancient greek, what is coccus referred to as?
Answer: Kokkos

Question: What does Kokkos mean in english?
Answer: a tiny grain

Question: In what century did the latin vulgate bible use the term coccumque bis tinctum?
Answer: 4th century

Question: When did Egyptians start to make red pigment?
Answer: 4000 BC

Question: What pigment was used for male skin tone in ancient wall art?
Answer: Red ochre

Question: What root did Egyptians use to source their red pigment alizarin?
Answer: the rubia

Question: What dye did the Egyptians make using the madder plant?
Answer: alizarin

Question: What type of palette was found in Tutankhamun's tomb?
Answer: ivory painter's palette

Question: Which color was said to be the Emperor's color in ancient Rome?
Answer: Tyrian purple

Question: At what time were togas with red were worn by Romans?
Answer: holidays

Question: What is a flammeum?
Answer: a red shawl

Question: What color was correlated with the Army in ancient Rome?
Answer: Red

Question: After what event would a general of the Roman army be painted red?
Answer: triumph

Question: What pigment was used to paint villas in ancient Rome?
Answer: vermilion

Question: From where did vermilion originate?
Answer: the mineral cinnabar

Question: Cinnabar is an ore of what metal?
Answer: mercury

Question: What mines did Romans use to acquire cinnabar?
Answer: Almadén, southwest of Madrid, in Spain

Question: Along with slaves, who was sent to work in cinnabar mines in Rome?
Answer: prisoners

Question: Which European emperor painted their palace red?
Answer: Emperor Charlemagne

Question: In what year did cardinals in the Roman Catholic church start wearing red?
Answer: 1295

Question: When was Saint Denis Basilica rebuilt?
Answer: 12th century

Question: Who rebuilt the basilica of Saint Denis?
Answer: Abbe Suger

Question: Christ and which other Christian figure were often painted red in medieval painting?
Answer: Virgin Mary

Question: What status did the wearing of red in medieval times represent?
Answer: wealth

Question: On what occasion would townspeople wear red?
Answer: holidays

Question: What root was used for red clothing owned by commoners?
Answer: rubia tinctorum

Question: Outside of sun exposure in what circumstance did pigment made from rubia tinctorum fade?
Answer: during washing

Question: What was carmine made from?
Answer: the carminic acid in tiny female scale insects

Question: How many elements did the Chinese philosophers think the world was made of?
Answer: five

Question: What element was red associated with in Chinese philosophy?
Answer: fire

Question: Outside of Fire and Earth, what three other elements did Chinese philosophers say the world was composed from?
Answer: metal, wood, water

Question: At the time of the Han dynasty where would one fine the color Red?
Answer: all court ceremonies

Question: In the time of the Ming Dynasty one would find what color used during sacrificial offerings?
Answer: Red

Question: During what years did the Song dynasty occur?
Answer: 906–1279

Question: Which number of ranks wore purple clothing in the Song dynasty?
Answer: three

Question: What color did sixth rank Song dynasty officials wear?
Answer: green

Question: What ranks in the Song dynasty wore blue?
Answer: eighth and ninth

Question: Who painted their mansions red during the Song and Tang dynasties?
Answer: nobles

Question: who wrote A dream of Red Mansions?
Answer: Cao Xueqin

Question: During what years was Cao Xueqin alive?
Answer: 1715–1763

Question: In late Chinese dynasties red was used only on what kind of architecture?
Answer: temples and imperial residences

Question: Who painted the walls of the Forbidden city red after the fall of the Ming dynasty?
Answer: Qing Dynasty

Question: What plant was used to make the most used red dye in Venice?
Answer: Rubia

Question: Which group in Europe used Kermes dye?
Answer: the wealthy

Question: The wealthiest in Europe used what red dye?
Answer: Polish Cochineal

Question: What dye was known as the Blood of Saint John?
Answer: Kermes vermilio

Question: The Blood of Saint John was made from an insect, which one?
Answer: Margodes polonicus

Question: Which conquistador from Spain conquered the Aztec Empire?
Answer: Hernán Cortés

Question: In what century did a new kind of red pigment arrive in Europe from the Aztec Empire?
Answer: 16th

Question: During what years was the Aztec Empire conquered?
Answer: 1519-1521

Question: In what year did Cortes send the first cochineal to Spain?
Answer: 1523

Question: How often could the Mexican cochineal be harvested?
Answer: several times a year

Question: What did Renaissance painters call the pigment made from cochineal?
Answer: carmine

Question: What would to the carmine pigment if not used diligently?
Answer: change color

Question: What was madder lake made from?
Answer: rubia tinctorum plant

Question: During what century did carmine start to see use?
Answer: 15th

Question: What was kermes lake made from?
Answer: kermes insects

Question: During which revolution was red a symbol of liberty?
Answer: French Revolution

Question: What kind of cap did the Jacobins wear?
Answer: red Phrygian cap, or liberty cap

Question: Women with red caps crowded around guillotines during the Reign of Terror to do what?
Answer: celebrate

Question: During what years did the Reign of Terror take place?
Answer: 1792 and 1793

Question: Who was Saint Denis?
Answer: Christian martyr and patron saint of Paris

Question: What was Turkey red called in France?
Answer: rouge d'Adrinople

Question: In what years did Turkey red begin to be used to dye cotton in England?
Answer: the 1740s

Question: What other pigment was Turkey red compared to?
Answer: carmine

Question: What did turkey red get its color from?
Answer: madder

Question: In what century did quilts in America commonly use Turkey red?
Answer: 19th

Question: In which century did color theory begin to be systematically studied?
Answer: 19th

Question: Who painted the Night Cafe?
Answer: Vincent van Gogh

Question: In what year was The Night Cafe painted?
Answer: 1888

Question: What was the name of vincent van Gogh's brother?
Answer: Theo

Question: What occurred when red and green were put next to one another?
Answer: red and green reinforced each other

Question: During which century did Matisse work?
Answer: 20th

Question: Placing red and green next to each other causes their color to be what?
Answer: strengthened

Question: What color did Matisse claim would impact ones blood pressure?
Answer: red

Question: What color did Matisse say could penetate ones soul?
Answer: blue

Question: What part in the paintings of Matisse did color play?
Answer: the central element

Question: To whom did Rothko donate Passion of Christ murals?
Answer: Harvard University

Question: In what year did Rothko donate Passion of Christ murals?
Answer: 1962

Question: What organic reds did Rothko use in the Passion of Christ murals?
Answer: Naphtol and Lithol