Question: Why may the dominant reading may be the weaker reading?
Answer: , it may be no more than fortuitous that more witnesses have survived that present a particular reading

Question: When was the term copy-text introduced?
Answer: 1904

Question: What was the initial definition of copy-text?
Answer: the text used in each particular case as the basis of mine

Question: Explain the process used by McKerrow as an alternative to the stemmaic method
Answer: choose one particular text that was thought to be particularly reliable, and then to emend it only where the text was obviously corrupt.

Question: Why did McKerrow alter his previous method of criticism?
Answer: deviate more widely than the earliest print from the author's original manuscript."

Question: How did McKerrow alter his approach to copy-text analysis?
Answer: inserting into it, from the first edition which contains them, such corrections as appear to us to be derived from the author."

Question: What did McKerrow concede about his new copy-text method?
Answer: we must accept all the alterations of that edition, saving any which seem obvious blunders or misprints

Question: What work was the first to see McKerrow use his new method?
Answer: Prolegomena for the Oxford Shakespeare

Question: Are there times when an editor's judgement should be deferred?
Answer: the claims of two readings ... appear to be exactly balanced

Question: What should one do when two readings are contradictory but balanced?
Answer: if there is no reason for altering its reading, the obvious thing seems to be to let it stand.

Question: What do editors call variants that are exactly balanced?
Answer: indifferent

Question: Is the idea formed by Greg limited to a specific time period?
Answer: The principle is sound without regard for the literary period.

Question: What will an editor do in the case where an author's work was not wiped out?
Answer: the manuscript should generally serve as copy-text

Question: What where the limitations of Greg's analyses?
Answer: English Renaissance drama

Question: What is the main criticism of Greg's work?
Answer: works where an author's manuscript survived

Question: What are editors trying to ultimately accomplish?
Answer: our ideal of an author's fair copy of his work in its final state

Question: If an editor can't achieve an exact reproduction of an authors work, what should be the goal?
Answer: approximate as nearly as possible an inferential authorial fair copy

Question: What did Bower's say about Greg's method?
Answer: represent the nearest approximation in every respect of the author's final intentions

Question: What did Tanselle say about textual criticism?
Answer: has generally been undertaken with a view to reconstructing, as accurately as possible, the text finally intended by the author

Question: Who argued against works where the author listens to input from others?
Answer: Bowers and Tanselle

Question: Who wanted to determine why an author made changes to a work?
Answer: Tanselle

Question: Does Greg believe a later work can be substituted for a earlier one?
Answer: a later reading "is one that the author can reasonably be supposed to have substituted for the former

Question: What idea did Tanselle champion?
Answer: unconstrained authorial intention

Question: What alterations did Crane make to secure commercial publication?
Answer: remove profanity, but he also made stylistic revisions

Question: What was Bower's first step in editing multiple works into a single product?
Answer: to preserve the stylistic and literary changes of 1896

Question: What was Bower's second step in editing multiple works into a single product?
Answer: to revert to the 1893 readings where he believed that Crane was fulfilling the publisher's intention rather than his own

Question: What was one of the criticisms Bowers faced after editing Maggie?
Answer: his judgment

Question: I what year was Maggie printed for commercial use?
Answer: 1896

Question: What was the first step Bowers took in editing a single work with two versions?
Answer: to preserve the stylistic and literary changes of 1896,

Question: What was the second step Bowers took in editing a single work with two versions?
Answer: to revert to the 1893 readings where he believed that Crane was fulfilling the publisher's intention

Question: What changes were made for the commercial publication of Maggie?
Answer: to remove profanity, but he also made stylistic revisions

Question: When was Maggie first published?
Answer: 1893

Question: Are appendices easy to use for the average reader?
Answer: appendices that are difficult to use,

Question: Can a reader be certain of the validity of information found in a clear-text edition?
Answer: suggesting a greater sense of certainty about the established text than it deserves

Question: How do most editors work around the reference problems of clear-text editing?
Answer: notes at the foot of the text page

Question: Where can a reader find more information on text variants after noticing a footnote?
Answer: appendices

Question: What is the biological basis for Cladistics?
Answer: to determine the evolutionary relationships between different species

Question: How is evolution applied to textual criticism?
Answer: manuscripts are then grouped according to their shared characteristics

Question: How is cladistics similar to the stemmatic method?
Answer: cladistics assumes that they are part of a branching family tree

Question: What is the main difference between cladistics and stemmatics?
Answer: does not indicate which branch of the tree is the "root"

Question: When did textual criticism applied to the Book of Mormon?
Answer: the early 1970s

Question: What was one portion of preparing a new edition of the Holy Scriptures?
Answer: digitizing the text and preparing appropriate footnotes

Question: How was the most reliable version of the Holy Scriptures determined?
Answer: applying modern text critical standards to the manuscripts

Question: When did Larson finish his project?
Answer: 1974

Question: Whose observations were included in the 1981 publication of the Book of Mormon?
Answer: Larson

Question: What is FARMS?
Answer: Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies

Question: Who spearheaded the Critical Text of the Book of Mormon project?
Answer: Robert F. Smith

Question: How many years did it take to publish all three volumes of the Book of Mormon Critical Text?
Answer: the first volume of the 3-volume Book of Mormon Critical Text in 1984. The third volume of that first edition was published in 1987

Question: Was the third volume of the first edition deemed sufficient?
Answer: The third volume of that first edition was published in 1987, but was already being superseded by a second, revised edition of the entire work

Question: Who is the head of FARMS?
Answer: Professor John W. Welch

Question: When was phase one completed?
Answer: 1988

Question: Who took over after the preliminary phase?
Answer: Professor Skousen

Question: Why did Professor Skousen gather fragments and have them analyzed?
Answer: to obtain fine readings

Question: What process what used to study the gathered fragments?
Answer: advanced photographic techniques

Question: On what did Skousen analyze ink and pencil remnants?
Answer: Printer’s Manuscript

Question: How common are variations in text that alter the meaning of the Urtext of the Hebrew Bible?
Answer: extremely rare

Question: To what degree do variations in the Old Testament alter the meaning?
Answer: hardly affect any doctrine

Question: Who claims that the Old Testament is essentially the same throughout all variations?
Answer: Professor Douglas Stuart

Question: How many variations of the Old Testament offer the same meaning?
Answer: virtually every possible alternative reading

Question: Does the Bible or Plato's Republic have more witnesses?
Answer: There are far fewer witnesses to classical texts than to the Bible