Question: Who researched the role of emotional phenotype temperaments on social connectedness?
Answer: Kurt Kortschal

Question: From where do zygotes derive their genetic information?
Answer: their parental germ cells

Question: What percentage of difference is there between the genetic material of humans and the genetic material of chimpanzees?
Answer: 1.2%

Question: How many million years ago did the evolution of chimpanzees and humans diverge?
Answer: five

Question: About how long ago did modern human beings first come into existence?
Answer: 200,000 years

Question: Along with mood, temperament, disposition and motivation, what is emotion often tied to?
Answer: personality

Question: What do some theories see as an important part of emotion?
Answer: cognition

Question: Along with sweating and muscle tension, what might be a physiological response to danger?
Answer: rapid heartbeat and breathing

Question: Sweating is a product of the arousal of what system?
Answer: nervous

Question: Who described the concept of a continuum of intensity?
Answer: Michael C. Graham

Question: What is Michael Graham's profession?
Answer: Psychotherapist

Question: What is an example of an extreme form of fear?
Answer: terror

Question: What would be an example of mild shame?
Answer: embarrassment

Question: What are non-intense feelings that lack a contextual stimulus called?
Answer: Moods

Question: Who has argued that emotions are discrete?
Answer: Paul Ekman

Question: How many basic emotions did Ekman recognize?
Answer: six

Question: Along with anger, disgust, happiness, sadness and fear, what is one of Ekman's basic emotions?
Answer: surprise

Question: What school of thought saw emotion as an impediment to virtue?
Answer: stoic

Question: What thinker believed that emotions were necessary for virtue?
Answer: Aristotle

Question: What did the Aristotelians call emotions?
Answer: passions

Question: Who was a notable scholastic thinker?
Answer: Thomas Aquinas

Question: Along with Descartes, Machiavelli and Hume, what notable philosopher developed a theory of emotions?
Answer: Baruch Spinoza

Question: Who wrote that exciting facts lead to emotions?
Answer: William James

Question: What did James believe a stimulus act upon to produce emotion?
Answer: the autonomic nervous system

Question: What did James believe emotion was synonymous with?
Answer: the perception of bodily changes

Question: Who developed a theory similar to that of James?
Answer: Carl Lange

Question: What was the profession of Lange?
Answer: psychologist

Question: What historical school claims that sentiments and meta-emotions can be learned?
Answer: constructivist

Question: According to the constructivists, what is an example of a learned meta-emotion?
Answer: Schadenfreude

Question: Along with Germany, England, Spain and Australia, where has a research center on the history of emotions recently opened?
Answer: Sweden

Question: Along with class and race, what is regarded as an essential category of historical analysis?
Answer: gender

Question: Whose work did the theory of Stanley Schachter build on?
Answer: Gregorio Marañón

Question: What did Gregorio Marañón inject his patients with?
Answer: epinephrine

Question: What was the nationality of Gregorio Marañón?
Answer: Spanish

Question: Who was a notable student of  Stanley Schachter?
Answer: Jerome Singer

Question: In what year was the book Gut Reactions by Jesse Prinz published?
Answer: 2004

Question: In what decade did sociologists focus on the social relevance of emotion?
Answer: 1990s

Question: What emotions did Cooley regard as of paramount social importance?
Answer: pride and shame

Question: Who studied rage and shame cycles in married couples?
Answer: Retzinger

Question: Who developed the social bond theory?
Answer: Scheff

Question: Along with Cooley, from whose work did Scheff derive social bond theory?
Answer: Goffman

Question: What is the term for the strategies used by people to influence their emotional experiences?
Answer: Emotion regulation

Question: What type of strategy involves avoiding a situation where unwanted emotions might be experienced?
Answer: behavioral

Question: Rational emotive behavior therapy is an approach used by what psychotherapy schools?
Answer: Cognitively oriented schools

Question: What sort of therapy might examine emotions based on components of facial expressions?
Answer: Gestalt therapy

Question: What system was examined to develop the neurobiological explanation of human emotion?
Answer: limbic

Question: What classification of chemicals do dopamine, serotonin and noradrenaline belong to?
Answer: neurochemicals

Question: What chemicals may mediate emotions?
Answer: pheromones

Question: Reactive responses are present in the brains of what animals?
Answer: reptiles

Question: The neurobiological explanation is specific to what types of brains?
Answer: mammalian

Question: What discipline studies the role of emotions in neural mechanisms?
Answer: Human sciences

Question: What fields studies the role of emotions in the treatment of human mental disorders?
Answer: psychiatry

Question: What profession studies the role of emotions in providing holistic health care?
Answer: Nursing

Question: What is affective neuroscience a sub-field of?
Answer: neuroscience

Question: What field studies the relationship between emotion and learning?
Answer: education

Question: Who came up with the interaction ritual theory?
Answer: Randall Collins

Question: From what work of Durkheim's was interaction ritual theory derived?
Answer: totemic rituals

Question: In addition to Durkheim, whose work influenced the development of interaction ritual theory?
Answer: Goffman

Question: What is the term for a feeling of confidence to take action?
Answer: Emotional energy

Question: What is the term for the energy generated during group gatherings, such as totemic rituals?
Answer: collective effervescence

Question: Of what discipline is affective computing a branch?
Answer: computer science

Question: What is the foundational document of affective computing?
Answer: Rosalind Picard's 1995 paper

Question: In affective computing, what devices are used to collect data about the physical state of a user?
Answer: passive sensors

Question: How does emotional speech processing determine a user's emotional state?
Answer: analyzing speech patterns

Question: Along with subjective experience, cognitive processes, expressive behavior and psychophysiological changes, what is another notable emotional component?
Answer: instrumental behavior

Question: With what emotional component did William James identify emotion?
Answer: subjective experience

Question: What emotional component did behaviorists identify emotion with?
Answer: instrumental behavior

Question: What academics identified emotions with physiological changes?
Answer: psychophysiologists

Question: Who discussed emotions in the context of expressive body actions and cultural labels?
Answer: Peggy Thoits

Question: What model of emotion was developed by Scherer?
Answer: components processing model

Question: How many important emotional elements are present in the components processing model?
Answer: five

Question: What processes drive the other components processing model processes?
Answer: appraisal

Question: What do psychologists use to visually map emotional experiences?
Answer: multidimensional scaling

Question: Along with valence, what is the other of the two dimensions used to map emotional experiences?
Answer: arousal

Question: What is the term for the feeling of energy or enervation created by an emotional experience?
Answer: arousal

Question: What is the term for the degree to which an emotional experience feels positive or negative?
Answer: valence

Question: What component of emotion provides its perceived energy?
Answer: core affect