Question: At what stage do parents see their children as equals?
Answer: early adolescence

Question: During what stage of development is there increased parent-child conflict and a less cohesive familial bond?
Answer: puberty

Question: During puberty and adolescence, do most children share the same or different attitudes and values as their parents?
Answer: same

Question: Which part of the brain is involved in decision making and cognitive control?
Answer: prefrontal cortex

Question: Which area of the brain is important for controlling impulses and planning ahead?
Answer: dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Question: Which part of the brain is important for evaluating rewards and risks?
Answer: orbitofrontal cortex

Question: Which are the first areas to be pruned during puberty?
Answer: those involving primary functions

Question: Motor and sensory skills are examples of what kind of brain function?
Answer: primary

Question: What is one area in which peer groups can have positive influences on an individual?
Answer: academic motivation and performance

Question: What are some of the negative experiences that peer pressure can influence during adolescence?
Answer: experimentation with drugs, drinking, vandalism, and stealing

Question: At what age does succeptability to peer pressure peak?
Answer: 14

Question: What are some social skills that peer groups offer members the opportunity to develop?
Answer: empathy, sharing, and leadership

Question: What view towards cognitive development during adolescence did Piaget take?
Answer: constructivist

Question: Did Piaget believe that cognitive improvement was sudden and drastic or slow and steadied?
Answer: sudden and drastic

Question: Besides the information-processing perspective, what is the other major approach to understanding cognitive change during adolescence?
Answer: quantitative, state-theory

Question: The information-processing perspective towards cognitive development derives from the study of what?
Answer: artificial intelligence

Question: Casual sexual encounters are often referred to as what?
Answer: hookups

Question: Do most sexual experiences during adolescence take place within or seperate from romantic relationships?
Answer: within

Question: Where do some adolescents feel is a safe place to seek out romantic relationships, try out dating and indentity exploration?
Answer: social media

Question: What seperates "heavy" sexual activity from other forms of affection?
Answer: genital stimulation

Question: For older adolescents, is sexual activity in a romantic relationship associated with lower or higher levels of deviant behavior?
Answer: lower

Question: What is the term used to describe thinking about thinking itself?
Answer: metacognition

Question: Are adolescents or children better able to understand that people do not have complete control over their thoughts?
Answer: Adolescents

Question: The imaginary audience and personal fable peak at what age?
Answer: fifteen

Question: At what age does self-consciousness in general peak?
Answer: fifteen

Question: What questionaire has been used to measure the age in which adolescents should be able to engage in autonomous behaviors?
Answer: teen timetable

Question: Do White or Asian parents tend to expect autonomy earlier than the other?
Answer: White

Question: What has the teen timetable questionnaire been used to guage?
Answer: differences in cultural perceptions of adolescent autonomy

Question: What is an example of a poor birth control method?
Answer: withdrawal

Question: Are higher or lower levels of parental support associated with risky sexual behavior?
Answer: lower

Question: Is exploratory sexual behavior seen as similar or seperate to other aspects of identity?
Answer: similar

Question: Does having unprotected sex, multiple sexual partners, and poor communication increase or decrease individual and social risk?
Answer: increase

Question: Does research favor or reject the hypothesis that adolescents and adults think about risk similarly but hold different values and therefore come to different conclusions?
Answer: favor

Question: A priority in sexual attraction and dating can prove helpful in order to complete what reproductive advantage?
Answer: impress potential mates

Question: What does research indicate may affect risk-taking behavior throughout the lifespan?
Answer: baseline sensation seeking

Question: When does the search for identity begin for most individuals?
Answer: adolescent years

Question: What are some factors that make developing and maintaining an identity during the adolescent years a difficult task?
Answer: family life, environment, and social status

Question: What are two main aspects of identity development?
Answer: self-clarity and self-esteem

Question: What are the three general approaches to understanding identity development?
Answer: self-concept, sense of identity, and self-esteem

Question: Do adolescents with a less privileged upbringing have a more or less difficult time developing their identity?
Answer: more difficult

Question: Identity achievement rarely occurs before what age?
Answer: 18

Question: Is there a final endpoint in identity development?
Answer: no

Question: Evidence has supported which theorist's idea concerning stages of development?
Answer: Erikson

Question: Does self-examination begin early or late in adolescence?
Answer: early

Question: Which theorist argued that not everyone fully achieves identity?
Answer: Erik Erikson

Question: How do adolescents initially define themselves?
Answer: crowd membership

Question: How is Moratorium defined?
Answer: process of exploration

Question: Which researcher developed the current method for testing an individual's process along the stages of identity?
Answer: James Marcia

Question: James Marcia divides questions into how many categories?
Answer: three

Question: Which term is defined as one's thoughts and feelings about one's self-concept and identity?
Answer: Self-esteem

Question: Is there evidence to support a drop in self-esteem during adolescence?
Answer: no

Question: Which type of self-esteem fluctuates rapidly and can cause severe distress and anxiety?
Answer: Barometric self-esteem

Question: Which type of self-esteem remains stable throughout adolescence?
Answer: baseline self-esteem

Question: What is the most important function of friendship?
Answer: having someone who can provide social and moral support

Question: At what age does awareness of one's sexual orientation occur on average?
Answer: 10

Question: At what age does coming out to one's peers occur on average?
Answer: 16

Question: At what age does coming out to adults occur on average?
Answer: 17

Question: How many times higher is the suicide rate amongst LGBT adolescents than their heterosexual peers?
Answer: four

Question: What are factors causing a hightened suicide rate amongst LGBT adolescents?
Answer: bullying and rejection from peers or family members

Question: Are adolescents with authoritative parents more or less likely to complete secondary education by age 22?
Answer: more

Question: Are adolescents that have a good relationship with their parents more or less likely to smoke, drink, fight, or engage in unprotected sex?
Answer: less likely

Question: Which researchers conducted a 2009 study that concerned adolescents, their parents, and secondary education completion?
Answer: Adalbjarnardottir and Blondal

Question: Are modern day teenagers exposed to more or less media than other generations?
Answer: more

Question: How many hours of television does the average teenager watch per year?
Answer: 1500

Question: Teenagers' views on body mass, loe self-esteem, and atypical eating patterns results in what?
Answer: body dissatisfaction

Question: How is "body dissatisfaction" defined?
Answer: The concept of a person being unhappy with their own image or appearance

Question: What is the current divorce rate?
Answer: about 50%