Question: What was another regional leader involved in the origins of szlachta?
Answer: Alexander the Great

Question: What was important and unique about regional leaders?
Answer: had not mixed their bloodlines with those of 'slaves, prisoners, and aliens

Question: WHat was the name of the distinct element from a nnon-Slavic warrior class?
Answer: Lechici/Lekhi (Lechitów):

Question: In this theory, what was the upper class?
Answer: was of a different origin than the Slavonic peasants

Question: WHen did they find the polish kingdom?
Answer: about the fifth century.

Question: WHat caste system does the hindu society have?
Answer: military caste

Question: Who shares the same caste system as Hindu?
Answer: The szlachta

Question: WHat is the earliest surviving use of the clan name of the polish knights?
Answer: documentation regarding Raciborz and Albert's tenure

Question: WHn did the knightly genealogiae associate with heraldic devices?
Answer: Middle Ages and in the early modern period

Question: The polish anem and cry ritualized what?
Answer: the ius militare,

Question: In 1244 the power to command and army had been used to do what?
Answer: define knightly status

Question: Around what time were the knights and szlachta very similiar?
Answer: Around the 14th century

Question: What was a personal obligation of the szlachtas?
Answer: defend the country

Question: What contributed to the long standing traditions?
Answer: geography

Question: What was governing the polish tribes?
Answer: wiec

Question: What was the wiec?
Answer: an assembly of free tribesmen

Question: When power needed to be consolidated what was chosen to govern?
Answer: an elected prince

Question: What was the governing position limited to?
Answer: elites

Question: What ruled over the tribes?
Answer: clans (ród)

Question: What did the clans people all have in common?
Answer: theoretically descending from a common ancestor

Question: What gave them a sense of solidarity? 
Answer: related by blood or marriage

Question: What were stronghold called?
Answer: grόd

Question: What was the territory occupied by a single tribe?
Answer: opole

Question: WHo established an elite knightly retinue?
Answer: Mieszko I of Poland

Question: How long was Miesko I of Poland reigning?
Answer: (c. 935 – 25 May 992)

Question: Along with uniting the lekhitic tribes what did poland succeed in?
Answer: preserving the unity of his state

Question: Who also established this retinue as well?
Answer: Mieszko I's successors

Question: WHat was a polish nobleman referred to as before the 15th century?
Answer: rycerz

Question: What is roughly the same to the english version of rycerz?
Answer: knight

Question: What people did the rycerstwo class represent?
Answer: wealthier families of Poland and itinerant knights from abroad seeking their fortunes

Question: What positive did the szlachta class receive?
Answer: gradually formed apart from Mieszko I's and his successors' elite retinues.

Question: What did ducal law implement for the rycerstwo/nobility?
Answer: could serve as officials in state administration.

Question: WHen was the period of Division?
Answer: A.D., 1138 – A.D., 1314

Question: What stemmed the period of division?
Answer: Bolesław III's division of Poland among his sons

Question: What tribe was the prior social structure from?
Answer: Polish

Question: WHen did the Piast dynasty appear?
Answer: 850 A.D.

Question: Polish nation ruled by what dynasty?
Answer: Piast dynasty,

Question: What did some Mozni regard themselves with?
Answer: co-proprietors of Piast realms

Question: What did the magnates do to the Piasts realms?
Answer: attempted to deprive them of their independence

Question: Who constantly sought to undermine princely authority?
Answer: możni

Question: WHat were nobles named in german language?
Answer: die beste leuten

Question: What were the nobles named in lithuanian?
Answer: ponai

Question: What were the higher nobility named?
Answer: kunigai' or 'kunigaikščiai'

Question: The kunigai were subordinate to who?
Answer: King of Lithuania.

Question: What word is used to denominate nobility?
Answer: бояре

Question: What other group had equal status with the lithuanian nobility?
Answer: Polish szlachta

Question: What did the polish szlachta become more of?
Answer: polonized

Question: What did some lithuanian nobility claim that caused a paradox?
Answer: they were of Roman extraction

Question: What is the new term used for the lithuanian nobility?
Answer: šlėkta

Question: Who forbid the use of the word slekta?
Answer: Lithuanian linguists

Question: WHo was first invloved in the polonization?
Answer: the highest members of the nobility

Question: Who imposed various sanction on the people?
Answer: Russian Empire

Question: What was an example of imposing sanctions on lithuanians?
Answer: removing Lithuania from the names of the Gubernyas

Question: What did the russian officials announce as a sanction?
Answer: "Lithuanians are Russians seduced by Poles and Catholicism"

Question: What language was banned from printing on books?
Answer: Lithuanian language.

Question: What group did the Nobility of Ruthenia gravitate its loyalty towards?
Answer: Grand Duchy of Lithuania

Question: What type of people were the Grand Duchy of Lithuania?
Answer: multicultural and multilingual

Question: What eventually became a part of the grand duchy of lithuania?
Answer: principalities of Halych and Volhynia

Question: What was common for families of ruthenian and lithuanian?
Answer: intermarried

Question: What other rights were equal to orthodox nobles?
Answer: Polish and Lithuanian nobility

Question: What social pressure was pressing down the people?
Answer: convert to Catholicism

Question: What greatly eased the cultural pressure towards Catholicism. 
Answer: Union of Brest

Question: What year was the union of brest
Answer: 1596

Question: Before 1641 the privileged ennoblement was granted by what?
Answer: by monarch

Question: What right was reversed by sijm?
Answer: ennoblement

Question: What would be given to the enobled one?
Answer: undifferentiated coat of arms

Question: After 1641 who was given the privilege of ennoblement?
Answer: sejm

Question: What clan was given the privileged of enoblement?
Answer: szlachta clan

Question: Around what time was the total legal number of ennoblement at 800?
Answer: between the 14th century and the mid-18th century,

Question: What is average for ennoblements between 14th and min 18th century.
Answer: two ennoblements per year

Question: What type of sources give information regarding total number of enablements?
Answer: heraldic sources

Question: What was the toalt number of legal ennoblements thoughout history of poland and polish commonwealth
Answer: 1,600

Question: When did theys tart recording the ennoblements?
Answer: 14th century onward

Question: When were most ennoblements implemented?
Answer: final years of the late 18th century

Question: WHo reformed the grand duchy army?
Answer: Vytautas the Great

Question: vytautas created what for compromising professional warriors?
Answer: bajorai

Question: What names did the newly formed noble families take afteR?
Answer: Lithuanian pagan given names of their ennobled ancestors

Question: What is an example of noble family name?
Answer: Goštautai,

Question: Who gave the coat of arms to others?
Answer: Union of Horodlo

Question: Who defined the significant legislative changes?
Answer: Robert Bideleux and Ian Jeffries

Question: What is one exemption was part of the significant changes in legislation?
Answer: 1374 exemption from the land tax,

Question: What did the 1425 requirement entail? 
Answer: requirement that military forces and new taxes be approved by provincial Sejms

Question: What were the statutes issued between 1496 and 1611 prescribed from?
Answer: rights of commoners

Question: What was a rarest rare to become a noble?
Answer: service to the state