Question: Gautama combined the yoga practice of what teacher?
Answer: Kalama

Question: Gautama invented a new kind of human without what?
Answer: egotism

Question: What are the "four Immeasurable minds"?
Answer: love, compassion, joy, and equanimity

Question: Who calls the four immeasurable minds "four limitless ones"?
Answer: Pema Chödrön

Question: The Four Immeasurables are taught as a form of what?
Answer: meditation

Question: When did Gautama Buddha discover the Middle Way?
Answer: prior to his enlightenment

Question: An important guiding priciple of Buddhist practice is what?
Answer: the Middle Way

Question: Guatama discovered the middle path before his what?
Answer: enlightenment

Question: What are some of the theories and philosophies produced by Buddhist scholars?
Answer: Abhidharma, Buddhist philosophy and Reality in Buddhism

Question: Does Buddhism encourage or discourage doctrinal studies?
Answer: Some schools of Buddhism discourage doctrinal study, and some regard it as essential practice.

Question: Who has produced a number of theories and concepts such as Abhidharma and Reality in Buddhism?
Answer: Buddhist scholars

Question: Some schools within Buddhism discourage what type of study?
Answer: doctrinal

Question: What is the goal of the Buddhist path?
Answer: liberation

Question: Upon awakening to the true nature of the self, what is one is liberated from?
Answer: suffering (dukkha) and the cycle of incessant rebirths (saṃsāra)

Question: Liberation is know as what?
Answer: nirvāṇa

Question: What is the goal of the buddhist path?
Answer: nirvāṇa

Question: In awakening to the true nature of the self, one no longer care about what?
Answer: objects

Question: Buddha recommended viewing thing by how many marks of existence?
Answer: three

Question: What is the meaning of impermanence in Buddhism?
Answer: all compounded or conditioned phenomena (all things and experiences) are inconstant, unsteady, and impermanent

Question: According to the Buddhist doctrine of impermanence, how does life express impermanence?
Answer: in the aging process, the cycle of rebirth (saṃsāra), and in any experience of loss

Question: Why is attachment to things futile?
Answer: because things are impermanent

Question: What is in a constant flux?
Answer: Everything

Question: Everything is continuously coming into being and what?
Answer: ceasing to be

Question: The cycle of rebirth is also called what?
Answer: saṃsāra

Question: According to doctrine, because all thing don't last, attachment can lead to what?
Answer: suffering

Question: The term dukkha corresponds to what English terms?
Answer: suffering, pain, unsatisfactoriness, sorrow, affliction, anxiety, dissatisfaction, discomfort, anguish, stress, misery, and frustration

Question: Dukkha is often translated as suffering, but the philosophical meaning of dukkha of more closely related to what term?
Answer: disquietude

Question: Buddhism seeks to be neither pessimistic or optimistic, but what?
Answer: realistic

Question: Suffering is a central concept in what?
Answer: Buddhism

Question: The philosophical meaning of suffering is close what term?
Answer: disquietude

Question: The condition of being disturbed is what?
Answer: disquietude

Question: In translation what term is often left untranslated to keep of fuller definition?
Answer: dukkha

Question: What is the third mark of existence in Buddhism?
Answer: Not-self (Pāli: anatta; Sanskrit: anātman)

Question: The Buddha rejected the metaphysical assertions "I have a Self" and "I have no Self" as views that bind one to what?
Answer: suffering

Question: What was the answer given when the Buddha was asked if the body is the same as the self?
Answer: the Buddha refused to answer

Question: What is the conclusion that one comes to when analyzing the changing physical and mental components or  person or thing?
Answer: neither the respective parts nor the person as a whole comprise a self

Question: What is the 3rd mark of existence?
Answer: Not-self

Question: In what form is anatta not meant as a metaphysical assertion?
Answer: Nikayas

Question: Buddha rejected the assertion "I have a Self" and what other related assertion?
Answer: "I have no Self"

Question: What is the term for constantly changing physical and mental parts?
Answer: skandhas

Question: What is the name of the Buddhist doctrine that states that phenomena arise together in a mutually interdependent web of cause and effect?
Answer: pratītyasamutpāda, (Sanskrit; Pali: paticcasamuppāda; Tibetan Wylie: rten cing 'brel bar 'byung ba; Chinese: 緣起)

Question: Translated into English, what does pratītyasamutpāda mean?
Answer: "dependent origination", "conditioned genesis", "dependent relationship", "dependent co-arising", "interdependent arising", or "contingency"

Question: The doctrine of pratityasumatupada is a important part of what type of metaphysics?
Answer: Buddhist

Question: What is the most common application of the concept of pratītyasamutpāda?
Answer: the scheme of Twelve Nidānas

Question: What does the scheme of Twelve Nidānas explain?
Answer: the continuation of the cycle of suffering and rebirth (saṃsāra) in detail.

Question: An application of the idea of pratityasamutpada is the scheme of what?
Answer: Twelve Nidānas

Question: What doe nidana mean?
Answer: cause, foundation, source or origin

Question: What describes the connection between the conditions of cyclic existence?
Answer: The Twelve Nidānas

Question: What describes the causal connection between the subsequent conditions of cyclic existance?
Answer: The Twelve Nidānas

Question: How are sentient beings freed from suffering?
Answer: by attaining Nirvana

Question: What is the first Nidāna?
Answer: ignorance

Question: The absence of ignorance leads to what?
Answer: the absence of the others

Question: Who always suffers throughout samsara?
Answer: Sentient beings

Question: What is suffering also called?
Answer: dukkha

Question: How do you free yourself of dukkha?
Answer: attaining Nirvana

Question: What is the first Nidana?
Answer: ignorance

Question: Nagarjuna's main contribution was the exposition of the concept of what?
Answer: śūnyatā

Question: What does sunyata mean?
Answer: emptiness

Question: Nagarjuna said that sentient beings are empty of what?
Answer: ātman

Question: What does dharmas mean?
Answer: phenomena

Question: What teaching were criticized by Nagarjuna?
Answer: Sarvastivada teachings

Question: What scholars reformed Sarvastivada teachings?
Answer: Vasubandhu and Asanga

Question: What is the doctrine that says that the mind and only the mind are real?
Answer: cittamatra

Question: What Yogacarins asserted that the mind was not truly existent?
Answer: Vasubandhu and Asanga

Question: What does tathagatagarbha mean?
Answer: Buddha-nature

Question: what does prajnaparamita mean?
Answer: perfected spiritual insight

Question: According to what school is tathgatagarbha the inseparability of clairty and emptiness of one's mind?
Answer: Sakya

Question: According to what school does it refer to the innate qualities of the mind that express themselves as omniscience?
Answer: Jonang

Question: What type of sutras were generally ignored in india?
Answer: tathāgatagarbha

Question: What term means cessation?
Answer: Nirvana

Question: What term means awakening?
Answer: nirvana

Question: What is the term for someone who has achieved nirvana?
Answer: arahant

Question: What is the term applied to the experience of the awakening of arahants?
Answer: Bodhi

Question: In early Buddhism Bodhi used a meaning synonymous to what word?
Answer: nirvana

Question: What is the term for greed or craving?
Answer: raga

Question: what is the word for hate or aversion?
Answer: dosa

Question: What does moha mean?
Answer: delusion

Question: What has achieved nirvana and also liberation from delusion?
Answer: bodhisattva

Question: If bodhi is attained what do you become?
Answer: a buddha