Question: The CCCS has since been associated with who?
Answer: Stuart Hall

Question: Who did Stuart Hall work along side with?
Answer: Paul Willis, Dick Hebdige, Tony Jefferson, and Angela McRobbie

Question: What did Stuart and his colleagues create?
Answer: international intellectual movement.

Question: In the field that Stuart was working, what did he and his colleagues often concentrate on?
Answer: matters of ideology, nationality, ethnicity, social class, and/or gender

Question: Capitalism can be referred to as what process?
Answer: a process called globalization

Question: The idea of text in cultural studies can include what forms other than written language?
Answer: films, photographs, fashion or hairstyles

Question: Which two practices have become the main focus in cultural studies?
Answer: high culture (the culture of ruling social groups) and popular culture

Question: What makes up cooperative cultural studies? 
Answer: based on the disciplines of comparative literature and cultural studies

Question: Around when did the United States and United Kingdom began to develop different versions of cultural studies?
Answer: late 1970s

Question: When did the British version of cultural studies emerge?
Answer: 1950s and 1960s

Question: Who had influenced cultural studies in the U.K?
Answer: Richard Hoggart, E. P. Thompson, and Raymond Williams, and later that of Stuart Hall

Question: Which University did research of cultural studies take place under CCCS?
Answer: the University of Birmingham

Question: Which two wrote Cultural studies [were] grounded in a pragmatic, liberal-pluralist tradition?
Answer: Lindlof and Taylor

Question: From a Marxist view, what did they believe had to be controlled  to essentially control a culture?
Answer: the economic base

Question: How many ways did Raimon Panikkar believed cultural change can be based on?
Answer: 29 ways

Question: What is the term used to describe what Modernization could be similar or related to?
Answer: enlightenment

Question: What type of society was seen that came from Raimon's 29 ways?
Answer: secular society

Question: What is the third hottest desert in the world?
Answer: The Sahara

Question: What is the third largest desert in the world?
Answer: The Sahara

Question: What is the surface area of the Sahara Desert?
Answer: 9,400,000 square kilometres (3,600,000 sq mi)

Question: What is the hottest desert in the world?
Answer: Sahara

Question: What is the central part of the Sahara Desert?
Answer: hyperarid

Question: What does the Sahara have little to none of?
Answer: The northern and southern reaches of the desert

Question: The northern and southern reaches of the desert are spare of what items?
Answer: grassland and desert shrub

Question: What does the Sahara have little of?
Answer: The northern and southern reaches of the desert

Question: How often does the Sahara go without rainfall?
Answer: years

Question: What sea is North of the Sahara Desert?
Answer: Mediterranean Sea

Question: What is to the south of the Sahara?
Answer: Sahel

Question: What kind of climate does the Sahel have?
Answer: dry tropical

Question: What is the long term precipitation average of the Sahara?
Answer: 150 mm

Question: What is the world's largest low latitude hot desert?
Answer: Sahara

Question: What ares is the Sahara located in?
Answer: horse latitudes

Question: What makes it difficult for clouds to form?
Answer: sinking air

Question: What allows unhindered light and thermal radiation?
Answer: dissolution of clouds

Question: What weather is virtually non-existent?
Answer: rainfall

Question: Where is the air the strongest?
Answer: eastern part of the Great Desert

Question: What section of the Sahara's cloud cover are the most   accentuated?
Answer: eastern

Question: What is the air mass lying above the Sahara?
Answer: hot and dry

Question: What part of the country does the air masses primarily form over?
Answer: North-African desert

Question: What is blocked due to local surface low pressure?
Answer: air ascent

Question: What mountain helps enhance the aridity of the desert?
Answer: Atlas Mountains

Question: Where are the Atlas Mountains located?
Answer: Algeria

Question: What is the primary source of rain in the Sahara?
Answer: low-pressure systems

Question: What is the reason the Sahara lacks moisture?
Answer: lack of a precipitation-generating mechanism

Question: What does the desert have to overcome?
Answer: barriers that normally prevent the production of precipitation

Question: What is the temperature like year around in the desert?
Answer: high temperatures year-round

Question: What is the largest hottest continuously large area   worldwide?
Answer: the Great Desert

Question: What is the value temperature of most of the desert?
Answer: 25 °C

Question: What percent of time is the sun generally over most of the   desert?
Answer: 82% of the time

Question: What is the annual average direct solar irradiation?
Answer: around 2,800 kWh/(m2 year)

Question: During daytime how high can the temperatures reach?
Answer: 80 °C (176 °F)

Question: What is the reason the northern fringe receives more   cloudiness and rainfall?
Answer: low pressure systems

Question: What is the average rainfall of the Sahara?
Answer: less than 1 mm

Question: How much desert land is the Sahara?
Answer: 9,000,000 km2 of desert land

Question: What causes the southern fringe to receive cloudiness and   rainfall?
Answer: Intertropical Convergence Zone

Question: Which directions does the South Saharan run?
Answer: east and west

Question: What months do the summer rains happen?
Answer: July and August

Question: What is the average rainfall between the months of July and   August?
Answer: 100 to 200 mm

Question: How much land does the ecoregion cover?
Answer: 1,101,700 km2 (425,400 mi2)

Question: What is the number of plants in the Central Sahara?
Answer: five hundred species

Question: What do plants do in order to avoid water loss?
Answer: growing lower

Question: Where do plants store their water to avoid the conditions?
Answer: thick stems

Question: What helps plants in order to get as much water as   possible?
Answer: long roots that travel horizontally

Question: How many cheetahs remain in the Northwest Africa area?
Answer: 250

Question: What months do the cheetah's avoid the sun?
Answer: April to October

Question: How many many cheetah's are left in the wild?
Answer: 2,000

Question: What activities from these mammals will likely affect   habitat areas?
Answer: human activities

Question: What underground items have lead to soil degradation?
Answer: irrigated water pumped

Question: What kind of pressure can be intense in the Sahara?
Answer: natural resources

Question: When did people start living on the edge of the desert?
Answer: ice age

Question: How many river animals were thought to be found during   the ice age era?
Answer: Over 30,000 petroglyphs

Question: What area of the Sahara is full of vegetation?
Answer: the Nile Valley

Question: What is believed to have increased temperatures in the   Sahara?
Answer: shifts in the Earth's axis

Question: During what era was the central Sudan rich in environment?
Answer: Neolithic Era

Question: What kind of rock art was found in the Sudan?
Answer: cattle and herdsmen

Question: What are examples of the first known archaeoastronomy   found in Nabta Playa?
Answer: Megaliths

Question: What were Egyptians herding in the early BCE period?
Answer: cattle

Question: By what time period were the Egyptians constructing  large buildings?
Answer: 6000 BCE

Question: What items replaced previously items made of stone?
Answer: Metal objects

Question: In which direction were the dead facing when they were   buried?
Answer: due west

Question: By What time period was the Sahara dry like it is today?
Answer: 3400 BCE

Question: What was the main reason that the Sahara became so   dry?
Answer: reduced precipitation and higher temperatures