Question: What was the name of the cursive script that gave expression to spoken words?
Answer: hiragana

Question: Who is the author of The Pillow Book?
Answer: Sei Shōnagon

Question: Who is the author of The Tale of Genji?
Answer: Murasaki Shikibu

Question: What was the name of the brightly colored paintings depicting court life?
Answer: yamato-e

Question: What became the aristocracy's primary occupation?
Answer: Land management

Question: What grew during the second phase of shoen development?
Answer: "house governments,"

Question: What governmental reorganization lapsed during the period of shoen development?
Answer: Taihō Code

Question: Succession to the throne was determined by what clan?
Answer: Fujiwara

Question: The early courts' military conscription broke down around what year?
Answer: 792

Question: Warriors appointed to a province were called what?
Answer: oryoshi

Question: Warriors appointed for specific tasks were called what?
Answer: tsuibushi

Question: Where did final authority over the military lie?
Answer: imperial court

Question: Who had increased access to better military technology?
Answer: Shōen holders

Question: Which institutions also hired private guards for protection?
Answer: civil and religious

Question: Which class became a new military elite?
Answer: provincial upper class

Question: What does the word "bushi" mean?
Answer: warrior

Question: Bushi formed new associations in what century?
Answer: tenth

Question: How did military families gain prestige?
Answer: connections to the imperial court

Question: Who were the three prominent families during the rise of the warrior classes?
Answer: Fujiwara family, Taira clan, and Minamoto clan

Question: Who was the first non-Fujiwara emperor since the ninth century?
Answer: Go-Sanjō

Question: Who implemented reforms to reduce the Fujiwara's influence on government?
Answer: Go-Sanjō

Question: What term was used for behind the scenes governance?
Answer: insei

Question: The decline of the Fujiwara's governmental power was filled by what?
Answer: In-no-cho

Question: The members of what clan gradually replaced the Fujiwaras?
Answer: Minamoto

Question: What allowed the paternal line of the imperial family to gain influence over royal succession?
Answer: insei system

Question: The In-no-cho was prominent during what years?
Answer: 1086 to 1156

Question: What member of the Fujiwara attempted to rebel in the mid-twelfth century?
Answer: Fujiwara no Yorinaga

Question: What battle resulted in the destruction of the Fujiwara?
Answer: Hōgen Rebellion

Question: What clans fought during the Heiji Rebellion?
Answer: Taira and Minamoto

Question: In what year did the Heiji Rebellion occur?
Answer: 1159

Question: After the Heiji Rebellion, what clan grew in power?
Answer: Taira

Question: What military commander gained power after the fall of the Minamoto clan?
Answer: Taira Kiyomori

Question: How old was Emperor Takakura when he died?
Answer: 19

Question: What was the name of Takakura's successor?
Answer: Antoku

Question: Kiyomori removed how many court officials to protect his power?
Answer: 45

Question: What were the names of the temples that Kiyomori destroyed?
Answer: Todai-ji and Kofuku-ji

Question: What was the term used to describe military governors?
Answer: daimyos

Question: What was the term used to describe supervisors of estates?
Answer: jito

Question: What was the name of the emperor that Yoritomo removed from the throne?
Answer: Go-Toba

Question: What religion spread during the Heian period?
Answer: Buddhism

Question: What were the two Japanese sects of Buddhism?
Answer: Tendai and Shingon

Question: Who brought Shingon Buddhism to Japan?
Answer: Kūkai

Question: Tendai Buddhism suggested that enlightenment was accessible to who?
Answer: every creature

Question: What artform became a mark of status in the courts?
Answer: poetry

Question: During the Heian period, what did the Japanese think could reflect one's soul?
Answer: handwriting

Question: What was said to show low status or "poor breeding"?
Answer: poor or hasty writing

Question: What is the name of the Japanese national anthem?
Answer: Kimi ga Yo

Question: What famous poem with an unknown author was written during the Heian period?
Answer: Iroha

Question: The Pillow Book was a collection of whose observations of the imperial court?
Answer: Sei Shōnagon

Question: What crop was a primary source of income during the Heian period?
Answer: rice

Question: What was the name of the beneficiaries of Heian culture?
Answer: Ryōmin

Question: Currency gradually disappeared around what year?
Answer: 1000

Question: What crop became the primary unit of exchange?
Answer: rice

Question: Buddhist temples in which two cities made use of the shoen system?
Answer: Heian-kyō and Nara

Question: Why were travelers often robbed under Fujiwara rule?
Answer: The Fujiwara rulers failed to maintain adequate police forces

Question: The integration of Shinto shrines into government branches reflected a greater what?
Answer: organizational dynamism

Question: Which Total War game has an expansion set during the Heian period?
Answer: Shogun 2

Question: What families are playable characters in Total War: Shogun 2?
Answer: Taira, Minamoto or Fujiwara

Question: The Rise of the Samurai expansion for Total War: Shogun 2 depicts which war during the Heian period?
Answer: Gempei War

Question: When was the Origin of Species published?
Answer: 24 November 1859

Question: Who wrote The Origin of Species?
Answer: Charles Darwin

Question: What branch of biology was The Origin of Species founded on?
Answer: evolutionary biology

Question: What was the expedition called that Charles Darwin discovered some of his evidence?
Answer: Beagle expedition

Question: How do populations evolve according to Charles Darwin's theory?
Answer: through a process of natural selection

Question: Which group of scientists began to support evolutionary ideas?
Answer: dissident anatomists

Question: Which powerful religious institution was a big part of scientific study in the 19th century?
Answer: the Church of England

Question: What was the general opinion about transmutation of species in the 19th century?
Answer: Ideas about the transmutation of species were controversial

Question: How did the majority of science see humanity in relation to animals in the 19th century?
Answer: that humans were unique, unrelated to other animals.

Question: Which theology did everyone agree science was a part of in the 19th century?
Answer: natural theology

Question: What section of the population was Darwin's book written for?
Answer: non-specialist readers

Question: Who attempted to secularize science during the debate over Darwin's book?
Answer: T. H. Huxley

Question: What was T.H. Huxley promoting?
Answer: scientific naturalism

Question: What was the growing change in opinion about evolution called?
Answer: "the eclipse of Darwinism"

Question: When did Darwin's concept of evolution become widely believed and central to the modern theory of evolution?
Answer: in the 1930s and 1940s

Question: To what ancient philosopher did Darwin trace some of his evolutionary ideas?
Answer: Aristotle

Question: Whose ideas were summarized by Aristotle in the work Darwin studied?
Answer: Greek philosopher Empedocles

Question: How did medieval scholars view the Genesis creation story?
Answer: allegorically

Question: What kind of births did the Christian Church fathers believe occurred in nature?
Answer: monstrous births from union between species, and spontaneous generation of life.

Question: Which group wanted to assuage fears that science was a threat to religious stability?
Answer: the Royal Society

Question: Whose theory claimed that species were unchanging and designed by God?
Answer: John Ray

Question: Who created a biological classification in 1735?
Answer: Carl Linnaeus