Question: What is a core beliefe that was recognized as important by orthodox Jews?
Answer: secular studies

Question: what is it important for both men and women orthodox jews to be able to do?
Answer: support oneself

Question: what is the name of the movement of liberalism?
Answer: Haskalah

Question: what sometimes prefers a more lenient position on Dietray laws?
Answer: Talmud

Question: previous generations typically praciced a more lenient position in regard to what?
Answer: dietary laws

Question: What are dietary laws known as?
Answer: halachic practices

Question: When can the roots of orthodox judaism be traced to?
Answer: 19th century

Question: When did the German Jewry seek to reform Jewish belief?
Answer: early 19th century

Question: what did orthodox jews seek to modernize?
Answer: education

Question: what did the German Jewry reject about the Torah?
Answer: absolute divine authorship

Question: What do orthodox Jews express ambivalence towards?
Answer: Zionism

Question: What is the administration of the state of Isreal seen as?
Answer: Zionist

Question: What does the State of Isreal place emphasis on besides Militarism?
Answer: nationalism

Question: What does the State of Isreal place emphasis on in addition to Nationalism?
Answer: militarism

Question: what is the Zionist administrartion of the state of Israel seen as according to the judaic way of life?
Answer: destructive

Question: Tamudic schools are known as what?
Answer: yeshivot

Question: what are the colleges married men study in called?
Answer: Talmudical colleges

Question: Haredi and Chassidic communities are threatened by assimilation and intermarriage so they do not do what with non-orthodox populaions?
Answer: interact

Question: Haredi Jews do not share what with other jewish sects?
Answer: doctrines

Question: What considers itself the only true heir to the Jewish tradition?
Answer: Orthodox Judaism

Question: What do Orthodox Jewish movements consider all other non-orthodox moments?
Answer: unacceptable

Question: What do Orthodox jewish groups characterize non-orthodox form of Judiasm as?
Answer: heretical

Question: Orthodox Jewish groups reject what precedent?
Answer: Halakhic

Question: Borough Park, Midwood, Williamsburg and Crown heights have particularly large communities of what?
Answer: American Orthodox Jews

Question: Where is a sizeable and rapidly growing Orthodox community currently located besides New York State?
Answer: New Jersey

Question: Where is the most rapidly growing community of American orthodox jews located?
Answer: Rockland County

Question: Where do many American Orthodox Jews live?
Answer: New York State

Question: Who did the modern orthodoxy arise from?
Answer: Western European Jewry

Question: What do most Jews consider modern orthodoxy today?
Answer: traditional

Question: the neo-orthodox movement holds that who's views are not accurately followed by the mordern orthodoxy?
Answer: Hirsch's

Question: What do Orthodox Jews turn to for guidance and practical application of jewish law?
Answer: Shulchan Aruch

Question: there is a large degree of what amongst all orthodox jews?
Answer: uniformity

Question: What is the differences among regions in practices known as?
Answer: minhag

Question: Why are the codes and responsa different in regards to details?
Answer: philosophical differences

Question: Who held the opinion that judiasm demands and application of torah thought to the entire realm of human experience?
Answer: Hirsch

Question: What was Hirsch's approach called?
Answer: Torah im Derech Eretz

Question: What was the Torah im Dereche Eretz aslo known as?
Answer: neo-Orthodoxy

Question: The Torah im Derech Eretz insisted that Jews should attempt to engage and influence what?
Answer: modern world

Question: Where does the word animal come from?
Answer: Latin animalis

Question: What does the Latin word animalis mean?
Answer: having breath, having soul or living being

Question: The word animal is usually only used to refer to what?
Answer: non-human members of the kingdom Animalia

Question: The biological definition of the word animal refers to all member of what kingdom?
Answer: Animalia

Question: What are some of the creatures included in the kingdom of Animalia?
Answer: sponges, jellyfish, insects, and humans

Question: What type of cells do all animals have?
Answer: eukaryotic

Question: What is the extracellular matrix surrounding eukaryotic cells made of?
Answer: collagen and elastic glycoproteins

Question: What is formed when the collagen and elastic glycoproteins surrounding eukaryotic cells are calcified? 
Answer: shells, bones, and spicules

Question: What are the intercellular junctions unique to animal cells?
Answer: tight junctions, gap junctions, and desmosomes

Question: How are cells held in place in plants and fungi?
Answer: cell walls

Question: What is the biological interaction where a predator feeds on its prey called?
Answer: Predation

Question: The act of predation typically results in what for the prey?
Answer: death

Question: What is the consumption of dead organic matter called?
Answer: detritivory

Question: Why do parasitic species lay their eggs on their prey?
Answer: their offspring to feed on its decaying corpse

Question: The evolutionary arms race between prey and predator has resulted in what?
Answer: various antipredator adaptations

Question: Ctenophora and the Cnidaria include what sea creatures?
Answer: anemones, corals, and jellyfish

Question: The digestive chambers of the Ctenophora and the Cnidaria serve as what?
Answer: both the mouth and the anus

Question: What are the 2 main germ systems in the Ctenophora and the Cnidaria called?
Answer: ectoderm and endoderm

Question: What are the Ctenophora and the Cnidaria animals sometimes called?
Answer: diploblastic

Question: What differentiates placozoans from the ctenophora and the cnidaria?
Answer: they do not have a permanent digestive chamber

Question: What sets animals apart from bacteria  and most protists?
Answer: Animals are eukaryotic and multicellular

Question: What are organisms called that digest food in an internal chamber?
Answer: heterotrophic

Question: What is another way in which animals are distinguished from plants and algae?
Answer: lacking rigid cell walls

Question: The blastula stage is a characteristic exclusive to what organism?
Answer: animals

Question: What is the hollow sphere that a zygote initially develops into called?
Answer: blastula

Question: In sponges, how do blastula develop into a new sponge?
Answer: swim to a new location

Question: What are the 2 germ layers formed by most blastula?
Answer: an external ectoderm and an internal endoderm

Question: What may be formed between the external ectoderm and an internal endoderm layers?
Answer: mesoderm

Question: What do the external ectoderm and an internal endoderm layers develop into?
Answer: tissues and organs

Question: How long ago do some paleontologists believe that animals first appeared?
Answer: 1 billion years

Question: Fossils found in the Tonian period indicate the presence of what creatures?
Answer: triploblastic worms

Question: Triploblastic worms were comparable in size to what other creatures?
Answer: earthworms

Question: When was the beginning of the Tonian period?
Answer: around 1 billion years ago

Question: What produces tracks similar to the fossilized tracks discovered by paleontologists?
Answer: Gromia sphaerica

Question: It is believed that animals evolved from what?
Answer: a flagellated eukaryote

Question: What are the closest known living relatives of animals?
Answer: choanoflagellates

Question: What is the name of the supergroup that animals have been placed in by molecular studies?
Answer: opisthokonts

Question: The opisthokonts also include what other organisms?
Answer: choanoflagellates, fungi and a few small parasitic protists