Question: What is the hippocampus's relationship to memory?
Answer: believed to be involved in spatial learning and declarative learning

Question: Does it matter how long someone is exposed to stress to have an impact on their memory?
Answer: the more impact it may have. However, short term exposure to stress also causes impairment in memory by interfering with the function of the hippocampus

Question: Whar does research show happens to blood glucorticoid levels during stressful events?
Answer: levels that have increased drastically

Question: Can a unborn child face issues with stress than can affect their future abilities?
Answer: prenatally, the offspring show increased levels of glucocorticoids when they are subjected to stress later on in life.

Question: Do the people studied in different research perform as well after stress as they did before becoming in contact with stressful situations?
Answer: When subjects are asked to complete a learning task after short term exposure they have often difficulties

Question: What neurons are damaged during stressful events?
Answer: The CA1 neurons found in the hippocampus

Question: What can make someone more prone to memory loss as they age?
Answer: the more stressful situations that someone encounters,

Question: What will a person often do with extremely stressful memories?
Answer: repression of memories where a person moves an unbearable memory to the unconscious mind

Question: What is the cause of neuron loss due to stress?
Answer: high level of extracellular glutamate allow calcium to enter NMDA receptors

Question: Does sleep hurt a persons memory?
Answer: There have been several studies which show that sleep improves the retention of memory,

Question: What does SWS stand for?
Answer: slow-wave sleep

Question: What take place during SWS?
Answer: System consolidation

Question: What is the role of the neocortex whe it relates to memory?
Answer: reviews and processes memories, which moves them into long-term memory

Question: In studies what is a relationship between sleeping and learning?
Answer: activation patterns in the sleeping brain that mirror those recorded during the learning of tasks from the previous day

Question: Can one increase their brain efficency?
Answer: people can improve cognitive function and brain efficiency

Question: What can a person do to increase their brain efficiency?
Answer: simple lifestyle changes such as incorporating memory exercises, healthy eating, physical fitness and stress reduction

Question: In a study performed with 17 subjects, what relationship did healthy changes and brain efficiency have?
Answer: After 14 days, they showed greater word fluency (not memory) compared to their baseline performance.

Question: Do lifestyle changes definitely have an affect on long term memory?
Answer: it is therefore unclear if this intervention has lasting effects on memory.

Question: What is a term to describe memory loss?
Answer: amnesia.

Question: What diseases can have a major imact on memory?
Answer: Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease

Question: What is Korsakoff's syndrome?
Answer: an organic brain disease that adversely affects memory by widespread loss or shrinkage of neurons within the prefrontal cortex.

Question: Is amnesia only seen in one form?
Answer: There are many sorts of amnesia,

Question: What happens to a person whose autobiographic memory is damaged?
Answer: that they cannot forget small details that otherwise would not be stored

Question: Does excersice have any role on cognitive brain function?
Answer: has many cognitive benefits and effects on the brain.

Question: Is a child who excercies likely to perform better in school?
Answer: The effects of exercise on memory have important implications for improving children's academic performance

Question: What positive things can happen to your brain when you excersise?
Answer: increases in neurotransmitter levels, improved oxygen and nutrient delivery, and increased neurogenesis in the hippocampus

Question: What type of excercise has shown the best benefit for the brain?
Answer: aerobic exercises

Question: What can impact memory performance in a positive way?
Answer: when material is linked to the learning context,

Question: In their study what was the relationship that both groups shared?
Answer: both stressed and unstressed, performed faster when the learning and retrieval contexts were similar.

Question: What can the scent of vanilla be used for?
Answer: strong cue for memory.

Question: What did a study performed by Schwabe and wolf show?
Answer: memory impairment and the detrimental effects of stress on learning can be attenuated.

Question: In Schwabe and wolfs study what where particpants asked to memorize?
Answer: were asked to remember the locations of 15 pairs of picture cards –

Question: What can cause a person to have fake memories?
Answer: repeatedly imagine actions that they have never performed or events that they have never experienced

Question: Who performed a study that showed the similarirty of imaginging doing something and then later remembering actually doing that task?
Answer: Goff and Roediger

Question: What did a similar study done by Garry find?
Answer: researchers found that one-fourth of the students asked to imagine the four events reported that they had actually experienced such events as children

Question: What has research shown about our memories?
Answer: our memories are constructed

Question: How does a person build their memories?
Answer: when they encode them and/or when they recall them.

Question: What did a study done by Elizabeth Loftus and John palmer show?
Answer: that when people were provided with misleading information they tended to misremember, a phenomenon known as the misinformation effect.

Question: In their study what did people say they say when they really hadn't due to having the word "smashed" inserted into the question?
Answer: broken glass

Question: What is the most widely used way in learing?
Answer: Rote learning

Question: What is the Zeigarnik effect?
Answer: states that people remember uncompleted or interrupted tasks better than completed ones.

Question: What does memorization mean?
Answer: a method of learning that allows an individual to recall information verbatim

Question: What learning tool did Cosmos rosselliius write about?
Answer: using visual alphabets.

Question: What is the spacing effect?
Answer: shows that an individual is more likely to remember a list of items when rehearsal is spaced over an extended period of time

Question: When was the first federal population census taken in the US?
Answer: 1790

Question: What were the two categories for race in the census?
Answer: white or "other."

Question: Who all was identified by name in the house holds?
Answer: Only the heads of households

Question: What were Indians categorized as after they were included as others?
Answer: "Free people of color"

Question: When was the first US federal population census taken?
Answer: In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States

Question: How were enumerators instructed to classify residents?
Answer: . Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or "other."

Question: Was every resident listed by name?
Answer: Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850.

Question: when did any changes to counting procedures  happen?
Answer: until the Civil War and end of slavery.

Question: Were all residents counted together or separately?
Answer: Slaves were counted separately from free persons

Question: When did the US begin to take census?
Answer: 1790

Question: At what point were all members of the household named on a census?
Answer: 1850

Question: What does mulatto mean?
Answer: visible European ancestry in addition to African

Question: Who were considered "free people of color"?
Answer: Native Americans