Question: What type of birds go into a nightly state of torpor?
Answer: Some hummingbirds

Question: Birds do not have what type of glands:?
Answer: sweat

Question: What percent of bird species are socially monogamous?
Answer: Ninety-five percent

Question: What do female birds have that allow sperm from males to remain viable long after copulation?
Answer: sperm storage mechanisms

Question: What is extra-pair copulation?
Answer: infidelity

Question: Why do males that engage in extra-pair copulation closely guard their mates?
Answer: to ensure the parentage of the offspring that they raise

Question: Which gender typically performs some form of courtship display?
Answer: male

Question: Most courtship displays involve some type of what?
Answer: song

Question: Which gender generally drive partner selection?:
Answer: Females

Question: Generally, when is courtship feeding and billing performed between partners?
Answer: after the birds have paired and mated

Question: What kind of eggs to all birds lay?
Answer: amniotic eggs

Question: All birds lay eggs with hard shells made mostly out of what?
Answer: calcium carbonate

Question: What type of birds lay white or pale eggs?
Answer: Hole and burrow nesting species

Question: What kind of eggs do open nesters lay?
Answer: camouflaged eggs

Question: Where do birds usually lay their eggs?
Answer: nest

Question: What type of birds lay its eggs on bare rock?
Answer: cliff-nesting common guillemot

Question: Where do male emporer penguins keep eggs?
Answer: between their body and feet

Question: Which type of bird nests are no more than a scrape on the ground?
Answer: albatross

Question: What process optimises temperature for chick development?
Answer: Incubation

Question: When does incubation begin?
Answer: after the last egg has been laid

Question: What are areas of bare skin on the abdomen or breast of incubating birds?
Answer: brood patches

Question: How many days is the incubation period for woodpeckers?
Answer: 10 days

Question: How many days is the incubation period for kiwis?
Answer: over 80 days

Question: When does parental care end in megapodes?
Answer: at hatching

Question: What type of seabird has the longest period of parental care?
Answer: frigatebird

Question: What is the period of breeding during which one of the adult birds is always present at the nest?
Answer: chick guard stage

Question: Alloparenting is particulary common with what species?
Answer: Corvida

Question: True crows belong to what group?
Answer: Corvida

Question: What is more common in birds than any other vertebrate class?
Answer: male parental care

Question: Which chicks leave the nest the night after they hatch?
Answer: chicks of the Synthliboramphus murrelets

Question: Name a species which move their chicks away from the nest at an early age.
Answer: ducks

Question: When do most species of chicks leave the nest?
Answer: just before, or soon after, they are able to fly

Question: What is it called when an egg-layer leaves her eggs with another individual's brood?
Answer: Brood parasitism

Question: How many bird species are obligate parasites?
Answer: One hundred

Question: What type of birds lay eggs in the nests of conspecifics to increase their reproductive output?
Answer: non-obligate brood parasites

Question: What is the most famous example of sexual selection?
Answer: peacock tail

Question: What is intersexual selection also known as?
Answer: female choice

Question: What is it called when individuals of the more abundant sex compete with each other for the privilege to mate?
Answer: intrasexual competition

Question: What is it called when there is greater than 30 percent reduction in hatchability of eggs?
Answer: inbreeding depression

Question: What can reduce the negative effects of inbreeding?
Answer: Females paired with related males may undertake extra pair matings

Question: What percentage of broods produced by incestuously paired females contained extra pair of young?
Answer: 43%

Question: What occurs when offspring delay dispersal from their natal group?
Answer: Cooperative breeding

Question: What leads to the masking of deleterious recesive alleles in progeny?
Answer: Cross-fertilization between unrelated individuals

Question: Why is inbreeding avoided?
Answer: because it leads to a reduction in progeny fitness

Question: What type of birds generally feed by fishing, plant eating or piracy?
Answer: Aquatic birds

Question: What type of birds may be either insectivores, frugivores and nectarivores?
Answer: Forest birds

Question: What type of birds specialise in hunting mammals or other birds?
Answer: Birds of prey

Question: What are often important to island ecology?
Answer: Birds

Question: In New Zealand, what were important browsers, as the kereru and kokako are today?
Answer: moas

Question: What type of birds may also affect the ecology of islands and surrounding areas?
Answer: Nesting seabirds

Question: What is it called when the house sparrow has benefited from human activity?
Answer: commensal

Question: What have threatened numerous bird species with extinction?
Answer: Human activities

Question: Why have humans had a relationship with birds since the dawn of man?
Answer: Since birds are highly visible and common animals

Question: What are domesticated birds raised for meat and eggs?
Answer: poultry

Question: What is the largest source of animal protein eaten by humans?
Answer: poultry

Question: In 2003, how many tons of poultry were produced worldwide?
Answer: 76 million tons

Question: What is primarily a recreational activity except in extremely underdeveloped areas?
Answer: Bird hunting

Question: Why have birds been domesticated by humans?
Answer: both as pets and for practical purposes

Question: What type of birds are bred in captivity or kept as pets?
Answer: Colourful birds

Question: How long have messenger pigeons been used?
Answer: since at least 1 AD

Question: What play prominent roles in religion and mythology?
Answer: Birds

Question: The word auspicious is derived from which word?
Answer: auspex

Question: What is said to mark the existence of a portal between such worlds, and to transform itself into a llama?
Answer: mythical chullumpi bird

Question: When were birds represented in early cave paintings?
Answer: since prehistoric times

Question: What is a mythological giant bird capable of snatching humans?
Answer: Pouākai

Question: John James Audubon later lent his name to which group?
Answer: National Audubon Society

Question: What did Homer incorporate into his Odyssey?
Answer: nightingales

Question: The relationship between an albatross and a sailor is the central theme of what book?
Answer: The Rime of the Ancient Mariner

Question: How many bird species have gone extinct in historical times?
Answer: Over a hundred

Question: How many species are listed as threatened by BirdLife International and the IUCN?
Answer: 1,227

Question: When did the most dramatic human-caused avian extinctions occur?
Answer: during the human colonisation of Melanesian, Polynesian, and Micronesian islands

Question: What was the last Chinese dynasty?
Answer: Great Qing, or the Manchu dynasty

Question: When did the Manchu dynasty rule?
Answer: 1644 to 1912

Question: What was the dynasty that ruled before the Manchu?
Answer: Ming

Question: What government took over from the Manchu dynasty?
Answer: Republic of China

Question: What is another name for the Manchu dynasty?
Answer: Qing

Question: Who started the Manchun dynasty?
Answer: Jurchen Aisin Gioro clan

Question: Where did this dynasty form?
Answer: Manchuria

Question: Name a peasant rebel leader?
Answer: Li Zicheng

Question: Where was the ming capital?
Answer: Beijing

Question: What pass was opened to the Banner Armies?
Answer: Shanhai Pass

Question: What years did the Qianlong Emperor rule?
Answer: (1735–1796)

Question: When was the Taiping rebellion?
Answer: (1850–64)