Question: Monastics are instructed by the Buddha to live as what?
Answer: islands unto themselves

Question: Distinctive Vinaya and ethics are contained within what sutra?
Answer: Mahayana Brahmajala

Question: Bodhisattvas are not encouraged to eat what?
Answer: meat

Question: Where is the monastic vinaya displaced and clergy is allowed to marry?
Answer: Japan

Question: In Chinese Buddhism what meditation is more popular?
Answer: Zen

Question: Evidence has shown some lay people got to proficiency in all eight what?
Answer: jhānas

Question: What does the word samyaksamadhi mean?
Answer: right concentration

Question: Meditation is the primary means of cultivating what?
Answer: samādhi

Question: Upon development of samadhi, a person gets rid of what?
Answer: defilement, calm, tranquil, and luminous

Question: What is powerful concentration called?
Answer: jhāna

Question: What is the term when the mind is ready to penetrate and gain insight?
Answer: vipassanā

Question: Mindfulness is essential to concentration, which is neede to achieve what?
Answer: insight

Question: Samatha meditation starts from being mindful of an object or what?
Answer: idea

Question: What is the term for tranquility?
Answer: jhāna

Question: In Buddhism, samatha meditation can calm the what?
Answer: mind

Question: Vipassana meditation can reveal how the mind was what?
Answer: disturbed

Question: What is the term for insight knowledge?
Answer: jñāna

Question: What is the term for understanding?
Answer: prajñā

Question: What eradicates the defilements completely?
Answer: understanding

Question: In Theravada Buddhism, what is the cause of human existence and suffering?
Answer: craving

Question: What does craving carry with it?
Answer: defilements

Question: Deeply rooted afflictions of the mind create what?
Answer: suffering and stress

Question: What is the ultimate goal for Theravadins?
Answer: Nibbāna

Question: How many Noble Truths are there?
Answer: Four

Question: Prajna is the wisom that is able to extinguish afflictions and bring about what?
Answer: bodhi

Question: What is listed as the sixth of the six paramitas of the mahayana?
Answer: Prajñā

Question: Initially prajna is attained at a conceptual level by means of listening to what?
Answer: sermons

Question: In theory when can one attain Nirvana during practice?
Answer: at any point

Question: What can be applied to daily life once it is attained?
Answer: conceptual understanding

Question: Zen Buddhism is known as what in Korea?
Answer: seon

Question: What form of buddhism lays special emphasis on meditation?
Answer: Zen

Question: What form of Buddhism places less emphasis on scriptures?
Answer: Zen

Question: Zen focuses on what type of breakthroughs?
Answer: spiritual

Question: Zen Buddhism is divided into how many main schools?
Answer: two

Question: Which schools of Zen likes the use of meditation on the koan for spiritual breakthroughs?
Answer: Rinzai

Question: What Buddhist teachings are often full of paradox?
Answer: Zen

Question: What type of self is equated with the Buddha?
Answer: True Self

Question: What is not allowed to confine and bind oneself?
Answer: Thinking and thought

Question: What type of Buddhism is Tibeto-Mongolian based on?
Answer: Mahayana

Question: What is the English term for Vajrayana?
Answer: Diamond Vehicle

Question: What type of Buddhism is concerned with ritual and meditative practices?
Answer: Tantric

Question: Psycho-physical energy is harnessed through what?
Answer: ritual

Question: What time period was the beginning of Buddhism?
Answer: second half of the first millennium BCE

Question: Scholars believe that karma originated in what?
Answer: the shramanas

Question: What groups broke with Brahmanic tradition?
Answer: shramanas

Question: Shramanas were a continuation of what type of trand of Indian thought?
Answer: non-Vedic

Question: Buddhism arose in what area?
Answer: Greater Magadha

Question: Greater magadha stretched from Sravasti in the north-west to what area in the south-east?
Answer: Rajagrha

Question: What time period did the eastward spread of Brahmanism start?
Answer: 2nd or 3rd centuries

Question: Movements were influenced by philosophical thought within the Vedic tradition such as what?
Answer: in the Upanishads

Question: The movement included atomists such as what?
Answer: Pakudha Kaccayana

Question: What is the term for agnostics?
Answer: Ajnanas

Question: What movement focused on the idea that the sould must be freed from matter?
Answer: Jains

Question: A criticism the Buddha gave dealing with animals was?
Answer: Vedic animal sacrifice

Question: The Buddha mocked what hymn of the Vedic?
Answer: hymn of the cosmic man

Question: The original Veda of the rishis was altered by a few Brahmins who introduced what?
Answer: animal sacrifices

Question: The Buddha refused to pay respect to who, during their time of animal sacrifice?
Answer: Vedas

Question: What is in dispute regarding the research into the core of the teachings?
Answer: The reliability

Question: A large problem in the study of early Buddhism is the relationship of dhyana and what else?
Answer: insight

Question: Liberating insight is attained after mastering what?
Answer: Rupa Jhanas

Question: Later edition of texts such as what has the Rupa Jhanas?
Answer: Majjhima Nikaya

Question: According the Bronkhorst, intentions and desire are responsible for what?
Answer: rebirth

Question: Bronkhurst says that Buddha had a view of 'what' much different then current day?
Answer: karma

Question: What was the earliest Buddhism type?
Answer: dhyana

Question: Buddha's way to release was by means of what type of practices? 
Answer: meditative

Question: From which jhana did Buddha gain bodhi?
Answer: fourth

Question: A logic problem arises when noting that the four truths constitute what?
Answer: liberating insight

Question: The four truths depict what type of path of practice?
Answer: linear

Question: What is the Sanskrit form of Nibbana?
Answer: Nirvāna

Question: Many terms for Nibbana can be found throughout the what?
Answer: Nikayas

Question: The desired goal for buddhism is what?
Answer: Nirvāna

Question: A description of the Buddhist path may have been as simplistic as what term?
Answer: the middle way

Question: The description of buddhism was broadened resulting in what path?
Answer: eightfold

Question: Authors Bronkhorst and Anderson claim the four truths bacame a substitution for what?
Answer: prajna

Question: What is prajna called in english?
Answer: liberating insight

Question: Gotamas teachings may have been personal and adjusted to the need of each what?
Answer: person

Question: How many marks of existence reflect Upanishadic influences?
Answer: three

Question: The periods of Buddhisma in India is divided into how many periods?
Answer: five

Question: What is the first period of Buddhism called?
Answer: Early Buddhism

Question: What is another name for Nikaya buddhism?
Answer: Sectarian

Question: What is the last period of Buddhism?
Answer: Esoteric Buddhism

Question: What is Esoteric Buddhism also called?
Answer: Vajrayana

Question: Was is the earliest phase of buddhism?
Answer: Pre-sectarian

Question: Gautama Buddha most likely taught the idea of Karma and what?
Answer: rebirth

Question: Gautama buddha taught what Path concept?
Answer: Noble Eightfold

Question: Soon after the parinirvana of Gautama Buddha, what type of council was held?
Answer: Buddhist

Question: Who was cousin of the Buddha?
Answer: Ānanda

Question: What are the discourses of the Buddha called?
Answer: sūtras

Question: Some sources say that discourse of who else were recited along with Buddha's?
Answer: abhidhamma

Question: The Sangha began to break into separte factions after what council?
Answer: the Second

Question: According to the Dipavamsa they started immediately after what council?
Answer: the Second Council