Question: What do Hokkein varieties retain that are no longer found in other Chinese varieties?
Answer: many pronunciations

Question: Hokkien has one of the most diverse what, among Chinese varieties?
Answer: phoneme inventories

Question: How many phonemic tones do Hokkien dialects have?
Answer: 5 to 7

Question: What is another name for phonemic tones?
Answer: tone classes

Question: What type of variations are there between the Quanznou and Zhangzhou tone system?
Answer: minor

Question: What patterns do Taiwanese tones follow?
Answer: Amoy or Quanzhou

Question: What is the pattern used un Taiwanese tones determined by?
Answer: the area of Taiwan

Question: The Amoy dialect is a hybrid of what two dialects?
Answer: Quanzhou and Zhangzhou

Question: Besides Amoy, what is another hybrid of Quanzhou and Zhangzhou?
Answer: Taiwanese

Question: What is Taiwanese in Northern Taiwan based on?
Answer: Quanzhou

Question: What is Taiwanese in Southern Taiwan based on?
Answer: Zhangzhou speech

Question: In Singapore, the varient of Hokkien has a significant amount of loanwords from where?
Answer: Malay

Question: In Hokkien dialects, the arrangent of words is important to what?
Answer: meaning

Question: What pattern does a basic Hokkien sentence follow?
Answer: subject–verb–object

Question: Being topic prominant, what basic sentence pattern is often not used?
Answer: subject–verb–object

Question: Unlike synthetic languages, what do Hokkien sentences not indicate?
Answer: time, gender and plural

Question: What is added to sentences to specify status or tone?
Answer: Different particles

Question: What are literary and colloquial readings called?
Answer: tha̍k-im

Question: What is another name for colloquial?
Answer: vernacular)

Question: Literary readings are usually used where?
Answer: formal phrases and written language

Question: colloquial reading are usually used where?
Answer: spoken language and vulgar phrases

Question: Colloquial stratum can be traced to several strata in what lexicon?
Answer: Min

Question: The earliest colloquial stratum can be traced to what?
Answer: Han dynasty

Question: When was the Han Dynasty?
Answer: 206 BCE - 220 CE

Question: When were the Southern and Northern Dynasties?
Answer: 420 - 589 CE

Question: When was the Tang Dynasty?
Answer: 618–907 CE

Question: Where did the language of Min and Wu dialects originate?
Answer: in the state of Wu

Question: Chinese spoken in Wu was influenced by Chinese spoken where?
Answer: the state of Chu

Question: Many middle chinese words have retained their meanings in Hokkein but not in what?
Answer: Mandarin Chinese

Question: Where did Hokkein originate?
Answer: Quanzhou

Question: What year was the Opium war?
Answer: 1842

Question: What is another name for Xiamen?
Answer: Amoy

Question: What port became one of the major treaty ports after the Opium War?
Answer: Xiamen

Question: What dialect did western diplomats learn to communicate with the Hokkien speaking people in China?
Answer: Amoy Hokkien

Question: When did Taiwanese Hokkien have a fast change in development?
Answer: In the 1990s

Question: What year did Taiwan begin teaching Hokkien in schools?
Answer: 1993

Question: What year did it become mandatory to teach Hokkien in Taiwan schools?
Answer: 2001

Question: What is the name of the standard Hokkien pronunciation and romanization guide?
Answer: Tai-lo

Question: What year did the Ministry of Education develope tai-lo?
Answer: 2007

Question: Hokkien is usually written using what characters?
Answer: Chinese

Question: Written Hokkein is based on what?
Answer: classical Chinese

Question: What is another name for standard written chinese?
Answer: Mandarin

Question: Approximately what percentage of Chinese morphemes lack a standard chinese character?
Answer: 20 to 25%

Question: Most Hokkein morphemes have what type of characters?
Answer: standard designated

Question: In some cases, charcters are invented to represent what?
Answer: a particular morpheme

Question: Hokkien morphemes are not always what?
Answer: etymological or phono-semantic

Question: What are often borrowed to represent a particular morpheme?
Answer: Similar-sounding, similar-meaning or rare characters

Question: Hokkien is sometimes written in what script?
Answer: Latin

Question: What is the name of the traditional Chinese alphabet?
Answer: Pe̍h-ōe-jī

Question: What is another name for POJ?
Answer: Pe̍h-ōe-jī

Question: Who developed POJ?
Answer: Presbyterian missionaries in China

Question: POJ alphabet has been used since late in what century?
Answer: 19th

Question: When can Min Nan texts be dated back to?
Answer: the 16th century

Question: What is an example of the Min Nan Texts?
Answer: Doctrina Christiana en letra y lengua china

Question: What year was Doctrina Christiana en letra y lengua china written?
Answer: after 1587

Question: Who wrote Doctrina Christiana en letra y lengua china?
Answer: Spanish Dominicans in the Philippines

Question: What is the name of the earliest Southern Min colloquial text?
Answer: Romance of the Lychee Mirror

Question: What is another name for unicode?
Answer: the corresponding ISO/IEC 10646: Universal Character Set

Question: Using precomposed or combining characters is called what?
Answer: diacritics

Question: All LAtin characters required by POJ can be represented by what?
Answer: Unicode

Question: How was the proposal taken from mainland and aboriginal groups?
Answer: This proposal encountered strong opposition

Question: What was the fate of the proposal to make Taiwanese the second official language?
Answer: the proposal did not pass

Question: What year was it proposed to make Taiwanese the second official language?
Answer: 2002

Question: Hoklo objected to the proposal because it would increase what tensions?
Answer: ethnic

Question: What party wanted to make Taiwanese a second official language?
Answer: Taiwan Solidarity Union

Question: What is Montevideo classified as?
Answer: a Beta World City

Question: What rank did Montevideo hold in Latin America during 2013?
Answer: 8th

Question: Montevideo is the hub of commerce and higher education in what area?
Answer: Uruguay

Question: Montevideo is the chief port of what area?
Answer: Uruguay

Question: What is the population of Montevideo?
Answer: around 2 million

Question: Who organized the Spanish expedition?
Answer: Bruno Mauricio de Zabala

Question: What date did the Spanish force the Portuguese to abandon the location?
Answer: 22 January 1724

Question: Who was one significant early italian resident? 
Answer: Jorge Burgues

Question: What became the main city of the region north of the Rio de la Plata?
Answer: Montevideo

Question: What were Buenos Aires and Montevideo fighting for dominance over?
Answer: maritime commerce

Question: The importance of Montevideo as the main port of the Viceroyalty of the Rio de la Plata brought confrontations with what city?
Answer: Buenos Aires

Question: When did British troops occupy the city of Montevideo?
Answer: 3 February 1807

Question: When did the Spanish recapture the city of Montevideo?
Answer: 2 September

Question: Who was forced to surrender to troops formed by forces of the Banda Oriental? 
Answer: John Whitelocke

Question: Who replaced Liniers?
Answer: Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros

Question: After the Revolution of 1810 there was a subsequent uprising of what provinces? 
Answer: Rio de la Plata

Question: Where did the spanish colonial government move to after the uprising of the provinces of Rio de la Plata?
Answer: Montevideo

Question: Who was the Uruguayan revolutionary that united with others from Buenos Aires?
Answer: José Gervasio Artigas

Question: What year was the Spanish governor expelled?
Answer: 1814

Question: What year did Portugal invade the recently liberated territory?
Answer: 1816

Question: What was Juan Antonio Lavalleja's band caled? 
Answer: Treinta y Tres Orientales