Question: Who said that architecture was able extend beyond function?
Answer: Nunzia Rondanini

Question: In what way did Nunzia Rondanini believe architecture moved past mere functionality?
Answer: Through its aesthetic dimension

Question: What could, in Rondanini's opinion, architecture "stimulate and influence"?
Answer: social life

Question: What shouldn't architecture be assumed to promote, according to Rondanini?
Answer: social development

Question: What does architecture share with other sciences?
Answer: functional aspects

Question: What is a reactionary thing to limit formalism's meaning to?
Answer: art for art's sake

Question: What sort of quest lacks purpose?
Answer: quest for perfection or originality

Question: What ends up being reduced in quality by this quest?
Answer: form

Question: From what ideals did Classical architecture emerge?
Answer: civic ideals

Question: These civic ideas allowed what to come into being?
Answer: new building types

Question: What ideals were Greek and Roman Classical architecture not based on?
Answer: religious or empirical ones

Question: What owes its development to the Classical orders?
Answer: Architectural "style"

Question: When were architectural writings first made?
Answer: ancient time

Question: Aside from general advice what did the texts contain?
Answer: specific formal prescriptions

Question: What is another term for specific formal prescriptions?
Answer: canons

Question: When did Vitruvius write his canons?
Answer: 1st-century BCE

Question: What is a significant early architectural canonical type?
Answer: religious

Question: What organizations were created by Medieval craftsmen?
Answer: guilds

Question: What records of the guilds are still in existence?
Answer: written contracts

Question: What was the main thing the contracts were had to do with?
Answer: ecclesiastical buildings

Question: What is another term for master mason?
Answer: Magister lathomorum

Question: What aspects of buildings did science and engineering have an effect on?
Answer: proportions and structure

Question: Who still could handle the structural calculations for designing at that time?
Answer: generalist

Question: What two fields began to grow apart?
Answer: architecture and engineering

Question: What did architects often neglect in their pursuit of aesthetics?
Answer: technical aspects of building design

Question: What was a term for an architect who catered to the wealthy?
Answer: "gentleman architect"

Question: What did 19th century formal architectural training neglect?
Answer: context and feasibility

Question: Where did most architects learn their trade?
Answer: in the offices of other architects

Question: What started with the Industrial Revolution?
Answer: mass production and consumption

Question: What became cheap enough for the middle class to buy?
Answer: ornamented products

Question: As products came within their financial reach what concept began to interest the middle class?
Answer: Aesthetics

Question: What kind of books did housebuilders use?
Answer: pattern books and architectural journals

Question: What type of design did these texts allow the builders to incorporate?
Answer: current architectural design

Question: At what century's start did revivalist fall into disfavor? 
Answer: 20th

Question: What new type of architecture was starting to come into being at this time?
Answer: Modern Architecture

Question: When did the Deutscher Werkbund get its start?
Answer: 1907

Question: What was the point of the Deutscher Werkbund?
Answer: to produce better quality machine made objects

Question: In 1919 what school opened in Weimar, Germany?
Answer: the Bauhaus school

Question: What kind of movement was modern architecture in the beginning?
Answer: avant-garde movement

Question: Who was the new movement meant to suit the needs of?
Answer: the middle and working classes

Question: Whose needs were no longer relevant to the new style?
Answer: the rapidly declining aristocratic order

Question: What sort of details did the Modernists' want in their buildings?
Answer: functionalist

Question: What details did Modernists' do away with?
Answer: historical references and ornament

Question: Who was instrumental in creating Organic architecture?
Answer: Frank Lloyd Wright

Question: What are two of Wright's designs?
Answer: Robie House and Fallingwater

Question: What was Wright's intention regarding humans and nature?
Answer: to promote harmony

Question: What made it possible to design architecture through new means and methods?
Answer: the Industrial Revolution

Question: What new type of construction allowed the making of skyscrapers?
Answer: steel-frame construction

Question: What style came after Modernism?
Answer: International Style

Question: What is an example of International Style?
Answer: Twin Towers

Question: Who designed the Twin Towers?
Answer: Minoru Yamasaki

Question: What aspect of historical styles did a lot of architects find lacking in modernist styles?
Answer: decorative richness

Question: Who were three architects who influenced Brutalism?
Answer: Paul Rudolph, Marcel Breuer, and Eero Saarinen

Question: What material was used in Brutalist structures?
Answer: unfinished concrete

Question: Who disagreed with the aesthetic of Brutalism?
Answer: postwar generation

Question: What school was a response to Brutalism?
Answer: the school of metaphoric architecture

Question: What are two examples of metaphoric architecture?
Answer: biomorphism and zoomorphic architecture

Question: What are biomorphism and zoomorphic architecture based after design wise?
Answer: nature

Question: What type of architecture do some consider metaphoric architecture to be a development of?
Answer: expressionist architecture

Question: When was the start of the  architectural phenomenology movement?
Answer: the late 1950s and 1960s

Question: What was  architectural phenomenology reacting to?
Answer: modernism

Question: What were the architectural phenomenologists hoping to expand?
Answer: human experience

Question: Who called postmodern architecture a "decorated shed"?
Answer: Robert Venturi

Question: What term did Venturi use for brutalist and mondernist buildings?
Answer: "ducks"

Question: About when did architecture begin specializing?
Answer: Since the 1980s

Question: Who can no longer design a large structure?
Answer: one person

Question: What two architectural movements have come under criticism for their focus on individuality? 
Answer: Modernism and Postmodernism

Question: What issue has moved to the forefront in recent years?
Answer: Environmental sustainability

Question: What do architecture schools look at more and more nowadays?
Answer: the environment

Question: Who was the first to design architecture environmentally?
Answer: Frank Lloyd Wright

Question: Who was known for focusing on the environment in the 1960s?
Answer: Buckminster Fuller

Question: What organization's rating system promotes sustainability?
Answer: The U.S. Green Building Council

Question: What are three new movements that have a focus on sustainability?
Answer: New Urbanism, Metaphoric architecture and New Classical Architecture

Question: What kinds of buildings and building developments are the new movements not in favor of?
Answer: solitary housing estates and suburban sprawl.

Question: What are three things the new movements try to achieve?
Answer: smart growth, architectural tradition and classical design

Question: What older architectural movements do the newer movements not go along with?
Answer: modernist and globally uniform architecture

Question: Which three statistics does the HDI compile?
Answer: life expectancy, education, and income per capita

Question: Does a high ranking on the HDI indicate shorter or longer life expectancy?
Answer: longer

Question: Who developed the HDI?
Answer: Mahbub ul Haq

Question: What entity publishes the HDI?
Answer: United Nations Development Programme