Question: In Federalism, are the division of powers equal? 
Answer: division of powers between two levels of government of equal status

Question: What type of governments are included in federalism? 
Answer: general government (the central or 'federal' government) with regional governments

Question: How many governments are apart of federalism?
Answer: relationship of parity between the two levels of government

Question: What distinguishes Federalism from other multi-level governments?
Answer: equality of standing between the two levels of government

Question: What historical event illustrated that dividing sovereignty was not possible?
Answer: Civil War

Question: What organization is a leading example of a federal union?
Answer: European Union

Question: What form of Federalism is characterized by where sovereignty resides in the whole?
Answer: federal state (or federation)

Question: New research has clarified that Federalism has how many distinct forms?
Answer: two distinct federal forms

Question: Before new research, what was the definition of federalism? 
Answer: a division of sovereignty between two levels of government

Question: After new research, what was the final definition of federalism? 
Answer: final and absolute source of political authority in a political community - is not possible.

Question: When was federalism put into place? 
Answer: The descent of the United States into Civil War in the mid-nineteenth century

Question: What is the difference between multi-level political forms and federalism? 
Answer: the characteristic of equality of standing between the two levels of government established

Question: What is an example of a federal union? 
Answer: the European Union

Question: What is the Latin word for federalism? 
Answer: foedus

Question: What was federalism and confederalism common meaning in the 18th century? 
Answer: a simple league or inter-governmental relationship among sovereign states based upon a treaty.

Question: What did James Madison referred to the new United States as? 
Answer: 'neither a national nor a federal Constitution, but a composition of both

Question: Where does the federalist model work best in? 
Answer: homogeneous states

Question: What are homogeneous states? 
Answer: United States, Germany or Australia

Question: Where can tensions be found in the federalist countries?
Answer: Canada

Question: What countries did the federalist model fail in? 
Answer: Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia

Question: What countries dismissed the federalist model? 
Answer: Ukraine or Syria

Question: In the United States, what was federalism referred to? 
Answer: belief in a stronger central government.

Question: When the U.S Constitution was being drafted, what did the federalist party support? 
Answer: stronger central government

Question: What did anti-federalist support? 
Answer: weaker central government

Question: On the political spectrum, where does federalism stand? 
Answer: federalism" is situated in the middle of the political spectrum between a confederacy and a unitary state

Question: Who has a greater history of unitary states? 
Answer: Europe

Question: What does federalism mean in Europe? 
Answer: weaker central government, relative to a unitary state

Question: What branch does the United States want to limit under the federalist model? 
Answer: judiciary

Question: What happened on January 1st 1901?
Answer: nation-state of Australia officially came into existence as a federation

Question: When did the United Kingdom colonized the Australian continent?
Answer: 1788

Question: Which model is of federalism is similar to the federalism model in Australia? 
Answer: United States of America

Question: What was established when Australia was colonized? 
Answer: six, eventually self-governing, colonies

Question: When was Brazil's fall of the monarchy?
Answer: 1889

Question: Who caused the fall of the monarchy happened in Brazil?
Answer: military coup d'état led to the rise of the presidential system, headed by Deodoro da Fonseca.

Question: When did Brazil adopt federalism? 
Answer: 1891

Question: What other system does Brazil use? 
Answer: Fonseca system

Question: What is the fonseca system? 
Answer: regulate interstate trade

Question: What is the government of India based on? 
Answer: tiered system

Question: What is a tiered system? 
Answer: the Constitution of India delineates the subjects on which each tier of government has executive powers

Question: What was the constitution originally provided for? 
Answer: two-tier system of government

Question: When the third tiere was added on, what is it in form of? 
Answer: Panchayats and Municipalities

Question: What is a distinguishing aspect of Indian federalism?
Answer: asymmetric

Question: What does Article 370 say?
Answer: special provisions for the state of Jammu and Kashmir as per its Instrument of Accession

Question: What does Article 371 say?
Answer: special provisions for the states of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Goa, Mizoram, Manipur, Nagaland and Sikkim

Question: What happens with President's Rule?
Answer: the central government (through its appointed Governor) takes control of state's administration for certain months

Question: Who is the strongest advocate of the European Federalism?
Answer: Germany, Italy, Belgium and Luxembourg

Question: Who opposed the European Federalism? 
Answer: United Kingdom, Denmark and France

Question: When did the French authorities adopted the pro-European Unification position? 
Answer: Since the presidency of François Mitterrand (1981-1995

Question: When did the federal war end?
Answer: 1863

Question: How did the federal war end? 
Answer: with the signing of the Treaty of Coche by both the centralist government of the time and the Federal Forces

Question: What did the United States of Venezuela incorporate? 
Answer: "Federation of Sovereign States" upon principles borrowed from the Articles of Confederation of the United States of America

Question: In this type of federation each country had its own what? 
Answer: President

Question: How many components does the Belgian federalism have? 
Answer: three components

Question: What passed on July 18, 2007?
Answer: Brussels' parliament

Question: What are the Flemish representatives in favor for?
Answer: Brussels resolution, with the exception of one party

Question: What is Belgian Federalism? 
Answer: the federal system passed in the parliaments of Wallonia and Brussels.

Question: Which cities are recognized in the Spanish Democratic Constitution? 
Answer: Basque Country and Navarre

Question: How did they manage the tensions in the present of Spanish Transition to democracy?
Answer: the drafters of the current Spanish constitution avoided giving labels such as 'federal' to the territorial arrangements.

Question: Where are the main taxes taken?
Answer: Madrid

Question: What are anarchists against? 
Answer: State

Question: What are anarchists not against? 
Answer: not against political organization or "governance"—so long as it is self-governance utilizing direct democracy.

Question: What mode of government does the anarchists prefer? 
Answer: federalism or confederalism

Question: Who can elect the members of the upper house? 
Answer: government or legislature

Question: Can the members of the upper house be elected directly or indirectly? 
Answer: indirectly

Question: Can the members of the lower house be elected directly or indirectly? 
Answer: directly

Question: What is federalism seen as? 
Answer: a useful way to structure political systems in order prevent violence among different groups with countries

Question: What does federalism allow?
Answer: it allows certain groups to legislate at the subnational level

Question: What do scholars think of federalism?
Answer: Some scholars have suggested, however, that federalism can divide countries