Question: What are three characteristics that can be employed to characterize southern Europe?
Answer: political, economic, and cultural attributes

Question: What are three aspects of the environment of southern Europe that can be used to distinguish the region?
Answer: geography, climate, and flora

Question: What kind of climate is exemplary of southern Europe?
Answer: The Mediterranean climate

Question: Which parts of Turkey are characterized by a Mediterranean climate?
Answer: Western and Southern coastal regions

Question: What are two broad categories of similarity among countries which have a Mediterranean climate?
Answer: vegetations and landscapes

Question: Where do colder areas occur within southern Europe?
Answer: mountain ranges of Spain and Italy

Question: Where are more moist areas found in southern Europe?
Answer: north coast of Spain

Question: What term can be used to describe the wet area of North Spain?
Answer: Atlantic climate

Question: What is a word that can be used to describe the plant life of southern Europe?
Answer: phytochoria

Question: Who coined the term phytochoria?
Answer: Armen Takhtajan

Question: What era started when Ancient Greek cities became self-governing entities?
Answer: classical antiquity

Question: What was the name of the different governments forming in Ancient Greece?
Answer: city-states

Question: Who was responsible for the bringing Greek culture as far as Asia?
Answer: Alexander the Great

Question: Where was the headquarters of the Western Roman Empire?
Answer: Rome

Question: Where was the headquarters of the Eastern Roman Empire?
Answer: Constantinople

Question: Which tribes brought down the Western Roman Empire?
Answer: Germanic

Question: What year is considered the transition between the classical period and the Middle Ages?
Answer: AD 476

Question: By what year was the Roman Empire split into two sections?
Answer: 300 AD

Question: What is the Eastern Roman Empire in the Middle Ages called by contemporary scholars?
Answer: the Byzantine Empire

Question: Who took over the remains of the Western Roman Empire?
Answer: Germanic peoples

Question: What did Germanic people create in place of the Western Roman Empire?
Answer: kingdoms and empires of their own

Question: What is the name of the period of armed incursions undertaken in the name of Christianity?
Answer: the Crusades

Question: When did Crusaders invade Constantinople?
Answer: 1204

Question: Which two cities benefited greatly from the activities of Crusaders?
Answer: Genoa and Venice

Question: What was the name of another activity like the Crusades occuring on the Iberian peninsula?
Answer: The Reconquista

Question: What empire was destroyed by the Sack of Constantinople?
Answer: the Byzantine Empire

Question: What era was characterized by turmoil in Europe?
Answer: The Late Middle Ages

Question: What disease plagued Europe during the Late Middle Ages?
Answer: the Black Death

Question: Which new regime appeared in the Balkan region during the Late Middle Ages?
Answer: the Ottoman Empire

Question: When did the Ottoman Empire conquer Constantinople?
Answer: 1453

Question: When was the start of the period known as the Renaissance?
Answer: 14th century

Question: In what city did the Renaissance begin?
Answer: Florence

Question: What areas of knowledge were subject to much debate during the Renaissance?
Answer: science and theology

Question: The encounter with Arabic knowledge put Renaissance thinkers back in touch with the teachings of which ancient civilizations?
Answer: Greek and Roman

Question: Which countries initiated the Age of Exploration following the Reconquista?
Answer: Portugal and Spain

Question: When did religious conflict end in Europe?
Answer: 1648

Question: Between which two nations was the Treaty of the Pyrenees signed?
Answer: Spain and France

Question: Which scientist developed a means of viewing space?
Answer: Galileo Galilei

Question: Who was responsible for creating the first radio?
Answer: Guglielmo Marconi

Question: What resulted from Europe's exploration of the New World?
Answer: the rise of colonial empires

Question: What institution of mercantilism was established with New World colonies?
Answer: the Columbian Exchange

Question: What replaced agriculture as the focus of European economy with the establishment of overseas colonies?
Answer: manufacturing

Question: Aside from the activities of colonies, what other event fostered the transition from agriculture to manufacturing?
Answer: the Industrial Revolution of Great Britain

Question: When were there many struggles for independence or overthrowing prevailing governments?
Answer: between 1815 and 1871

Question: From whom did Balkan states start retaking their independence?
Answer: the Ottoman Empire

Question: In what year was Rome conquered?
Answer: 1870

Question: What phrase is used to describe the period marked by competition for extant lands?
Answer: The Age of Empire

Question: In what year did World War I begin?
Answer: 1914

Question: When did a victor emerge in World War I?
Answer: 1918

Question: At what event did the major Allied powers assert their conditions at the end of the war?
Answer: the Paris Peace Conference

Question: Which group took control in 1933?
Answer: The Nazi regime

Question: Who led the Nazis?
Answer: Adolf Hitler

Question: Which country did Hitler align Germany with?
Answer: Italy

Question: Who was the leader of Italy when World War II started?
Answer: Mussolini

Question: What was the military partnership between countries aligned with the Soviet Union called?
Answer: the Warsaw Pact

Question: What does EU stand for?
Answer: European Union

Question: What was the European Union tasked with managing?
Answer: market rules, competition, legal standards and environmentalism

Question: When did communism fall in allies of the Soviet Union?
Answer: 1989

Question: When did the USSR dissolve?
Answer: 1991

Question: In what year was Croatia admitted to the European Union?
Answer: 2013

Question: What is the most common group of languages spoken in Mediterranean Europe?
Answer: Romance languages

Question: What are the three main areas of southern Europe where Italian speakers can be found?
Answer: Italy, San Marino, and the Vatican

Question: Where can people who speak Catalan be found?
Answer: eastern Spain

Question: What language is spoken in northwest Spain?
Answer: Galician

Question: How many people in Spain and Gibraltar are Spanish speakers?
Answer: over 40 million

Question: What is another term for Greek?
Answer: Hellenic

Question: Outside of Greece itself, in what other nation is Greek a major language?
Answer: Cyprus

Question: What language is used in Macedonia?
Answer: Macedonian

Question: What do people speak in Bulgaria?
Answer: Bulgarian

Question: Slovene is a major language in what country?
Answer: Slovenia

Question: What is considered a de facto second language in Mediterranean Europe?
Answer: English

Question: Besides English, what other language is spoken in Gibraltar?
Answer: Spanish

Question: Besides English, what other language is spoken in Malta?
Answer: Maltese

Question: What language can be found used in Kosovo and Albania?
Answer: Albanian

Question: What type of language is Maltese?
Answer: Semitic

Question: Where is Basque Country located?
Answer: northern Spain and southwestern France

Question: What is the main faith practiced in southern Europe?
Answer: Christianity

Question: When did the Romans make Christianity their official religion?
Answer: 380 AD

Question: What denomination of Christianity is common in the western part of southern Europe?
Answer: Roman Catholic

Question: Which denomination of Christianity is more common in the eastern part of Mediterranean Europe?
Answer: Greek Orthodox

Question: What term is used by the UNO to divide groups of nations?
Answer: regions