Question: Where was the Maghribi script most commonly used by Quran copyists?
Answer: North Africa and Spain

Question: Which script was only used to copy the Quran by people in northern India?
Answer: Bihari

Question: In which century were vocalization marking added to the Quran?
Answer: ninth century

Question: Where were Quran copies kept for those who could not afford their own?
Answer: mosques

Question: What are the parts of the Quran called that are 30 in total?
Answer: juzʼ

Question: Which group of Quran copyists produced the most in-demand manuscripts?
Answer: Ottoman

Question: Which Biblical character is the most often mentioned person in the Quran?
Answer: Moses

Question: Who has claimed that Christians and Jews had heard and discussed the Quran before it took on its standardized Arabic form?
Answer: Sahih al-Bukhari

Question: Which older language is thought to strongly resemble that of the Quran?
Answer: Syriac

Question: Which relative of Jesus appears more often in the Quran than the New Testament?
Answer: Mary

Question: What do devout Muslims believe is the reason for the overlap of events and characters in the Bible and Quran?
Answer: common divine source

Question: What are the two type of ta'wil?
Answer: acceptable and unacceptable

Question: Which type of esoteric interpretation involves a transfer by proof of a verse's meaning?
Answer: Unacceptable

Question: The implicit meaning of a Quranic verse that is known fully only by God is which type of ta'wil?
Answer: Acceptable

Question: Who had begun memorizing Muhammad's revelations in his lifetime?
Answer: his companions

Question: What was done to the Quranic text early in its history leaving few markedly different variants?
Answer: standardized

Question: Which which university is Fred Donner affiliated?
Answer: University of Chicago

Question: The Quran is widely accepted by historians to contain a relatively accurate record of whose words?
Answer: Muhammad

Question: What physical symptom accompanied Muhammad's revelations?
Answer: seizures

Question: What measure of distance described the nearness of the Angel's approach to Mohammad?
Answer: two bows' length

Question: In which work did Welch express his belief that Mohammad's physical reaction to the revelation was historically accurate? 
Answer: Encyclopaedia of Islam

Question: Which people would Mohammad's critics have compared him to at the time?
Answer: a possessed man, a soothsayer or a magician

Question: What was the original meaning of ta'wil?
Answer: "to return" or "the returning place"

Question: What can interpretation find that lies the behind the apparent events referred to in a Quranic story?
Answer: a spiritual reality

Question: What philosophical term corresponds to the type of interpretation in ta'wil?
Answer: hermeneutic

Question: Who do Shia Muslims believe can approach Quranic truths besides God and Muhammad?
Answer: imams

Question: According to Shia Muslims, who is the only one who can fully know the a Quranic interpretation?
Answer: God

Question: How must God have treated those who are qualified to know Quranic sectets?
Answer: purified

Question: What is a nation which can exert its influence on a global scale called?
Answer: A great power

Question: What two dominant traits do great powers usually possess?
Answer: military and economic strength

Question: China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States serve as what body's five permanent members?
Answer: United Nations Security Council

Question: What two lesser traits do great powers usually possess?
Answer: diplomatic and soft power influence

Question: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States are part of what international forum?
Answer: the G7

Question: What do great powers usually have?
Answer: military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence

Question: What are the permanent members of UN Security Council?
Answer: China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States

Question: What are the countries in the G7?
Answer: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States of America

Question: What 3 factors have international relations theorists considered factors for great power status?
Answer: power capabilities, spatial aspects, and status dimensions

Question: The term "great power" was first used on which continent?
Answer: Europe

Question: Which treaty made the distinction of small powers and great powers a formal affair?
Answer: Treaty of Chaumont

Question: What year was this treaty signed?
Answer: 1814

Question: During which two wars has the balance of power shifted the most dramatically?
Answer: World War I and World War II

Question: What is another more modern term used in place of "great power"?
Answer: superpower

Question: What was the formalization of the division of small powers and great powers?
Answer: Treaty of Chaumont

Question: During the post Napoleonic era where were the first Great Powers concentrated?
Answer: Europe

Question: What is another term for Great Power?
Answer: superpower

Question: During what 2 wars was the balance of power shift most dramatic?
Answer: World War I and World War II

Question: What one criteria was used in early times to judge a great power's status?
Answer: strength for war

Question: Besides military, what two other capacities were used to describe great powers in later times?
Answer: economic, and political

Question: Who is the founder of the neorealist theory of international relations?
Answer: Kenneth Waltz

Question: How many criteria are used to judge a great power in the neorealist theory?
Answer: five

Question: Who wrote, "The test of a great power is the test of strength for war."?
Answer: A. J. P. Taylor

Question: What 5 criteria did neorealist use to determine great powers?
Answer: population and territory; resource endowment; economic capability; political stability and competence; and military strength

Question: Whos was the founder of the neorealist theory of international relations?
Answer: Kenneth Waltz

Question: What 3 areas can summarize the great power determination?
Answer: power capabilities, spatial aspects, and status

Question: What three things do all states have in their geographic scope?
Answer: interests, actions, or projected power

Question: Which societal values had become world-wide by 1914?
Answer: Western

Question: What is the scope of a regional power restricted to?
Answer: its region

Question: What should a great power possess?
Answer: actual influence

Question: What were the great powers of 1914 called?
Answer: world-powers

Question: Who stated that "Great power may be defined as a political force exerting an effect co-extensive with the widest range of the society in which it operates. The Great powers of 1914 were 'world-powers"?
Answer: Arnold J. Toynbee

Question: What do all states have?
Answer: geographic scope of interests, actions, or projected power

Question: What type of powers should have actual influence throughout the scope of the prevailing international system?
Answer: great power

Question: What type of power is restricted to its region?
Answer: regional power

Question: What discussion should great powers be included on?
Answer: political and diplomatic questions of the day

Question: Historically, when would great powers meet?
Answer: when major political questions were addressed

Question: What types of decisions would great powers reach?
Answer: political resolution of various geographical and nationalist claims following a major conflict, or other contexts

Question: When did Lord Castlereagh first use the term Great Powers?
Answer: in a letter sent on February 13, 1814

Question: What position did Lord Castlereagh hold?
Answer: British Foreign Secretary