Question: What groups did the ECHR feel should be included as potential victims of genocide?
Answer: national, racial, religious or ethnic

Question: In 2007 what former case did the European Court of Human Rights draw on to further refine qualifiers of genocide?
Answer: Jorgic v. Germany

Question: What form of destruction was considered too limited by a smaller group of experts?
Answer: biological-physical

Question: Prior to being a formal legal term, how was the word "genocide" used in an indictment scenario?
Answer: as a descriptive term

Question: Who ultimately defined genocide as a series of strategies leading up to the annihilation of an entire group?
Answer: Lemming

Question: Lemming's concept of genocide triggered legal action in which realm?
Answer: international relations and community

Question: What was the nationality of anthropologist Peg LeVine?
Answer: Australian

Question: What relative term did LeVine coin to refer to cultural destruction, without the death of its members?
Answer: "ritualcide"

Question: What term was coined to describe the destruction of culture?
Answer: ritualcide

Question: What kind of scientist is Peg LeVine?
Answer: anthropologist

Question: What elements of group existence, other than people themselves, can be targets of genocide?
Answer: language, culture, and economic infrastructure

Question: What has been the primary focus in the study of genocide?
Answer: legal aspect of the term

Question: In prosecuting genocide, what must the act be formally acknowledged as?
Answer: a crime

Question: In a general aspect, what is genocide viewed as?
Answer: the deliberate killing of a certain group

Question: In trials of genocidal crimes, what responsibly party is difficult to prosecute? 
Answer: officials in power of a state or area

Question: Long before genocide was established as a legal term, what treaty was in place to protect various groups from persecution and mass killings?
Answer: the Peace of Westphalia

Question: Why does genocide often go unpunished?
Answer: genocide is more often than not committed by the officials in power

Question: Who was the Peace of Westphalia designed to protect?
Answer: ethnic, national, racial and in some instances religious groups

Question: What year was the Peace of Westphalia signed?
Answer: 1648

Question: When was the word "genocide" first used?
Answer: 1944

Question: What is the etymology of the term "genocide"?
Answer: The word genocide is the combination of the Greek prefix geno- (meaning tribe or race) and caedere (the Latin word for to kill).

Question: What is the definition of genocide?
Answer: a specific set of violent crimes that are committed against a certain group with the attempt to remove the entire group from existence or to destroy them

Question: Who coined the term "genocide"?
Answer: Raphael Lemkin

Question: Who referred to acts of genocide in 1941?
Answer: Winston Churchill

Question: The word "genocide" was unknown until what year?
Answer: 1944

Question: In 1941, how did Winston Churchill refer to the mass killings of Russian prisoners of war?
Answer: as "a crime without a name"

Question: What was the name of the Polish-Jewish lawyer who first described Nazi atrocities as "genocide?" 
Answer: Raphael Lemkin

Question: What is the etymological basis of the word "genocide?"
Answer: Greek prefix geno- (meaning tribe or race) and caedere (the Latin word for to kill)

Question: As it pertains to violent crimes against targeted groups, what is the ultimate motivation within the actions of genocide?
Answer: to remove the entire group from existence or to destroy them

Question: Several considerations were involved in meeting the requirement to determine what?  
Answer: when the targeted part is substantial enough

Question: What is the key aspect of the targeted part of the group at the starting point of the inquiry? 
Answer: The numeric size

Question: The number of people targeted in a genocide should not be solely evaluated by what?
Answer: absolute terms

Question: In addition to the numeric size of a targeted group, what other consideration was useful to the ICTY?
Answer: prominence within the group

Question: The issue of what is raised by judges in Paragraph 13? 
Answer: perpetrators' access to the victims

Question: What is the basis for suggesting that several factors regarding the activity of the perpetrators be considered? 
Answer: historical examples of genocide

Question: The extent of what by the perpetrators was considered in an examination of their activity and level of control?
Answer: possible extent of their reach

Question: What will always be restricted in terms of a perpetrator's intent to destroy?
Answer: the opportunity presented to him

Question: While the factor cannot independently indicate if the targeted group is substantial, it can do what?
Answer: inform the analysis

Question: On which date did the Genocide Convention become effective?
Answer: 12 January 1951

Question: What was the minimum number of countries necessary to form parties? 
Answer: 20

Question: Of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council, how many were parties to the treaty?
Answer: only two

Question: What member ratified in 1970?
Answer: the United Kingdom

Question: The delay in support by certain powerful members meant the Convention was largely powerless for over how many decades?
Answer: four

Question: In 1998 it was written that the CPPCG was a legal entity resulting in which type of compromise?
Answer: a diplomatic compromise

Question: Rather than a definition, the text of the treaty is considered as what type of tool?
Answer: a research tool

Question: What does the treaty possess that others lack?
Answer: international legal credibility

Question: The writers Jonassohn and Bjornson cite various reasons for the lack of widespread support of what?
Answer: alternative definitions

Question: What two writers examined the lack of an accepted and singular definition for genocide?
Answer: Jonassohn and Björnson

Question: The two writers suggested that academics adjusted what in their different definitions to assist them in interpreting events? 
Answer: their focus

Question: What writer joined Jonassohn in the study of the whole of human history?
Answer: Frank Chalk

Question: With whom was Leo Kuper paired in research that focused on 20th century works?
Answer: R. J. Rummel

Question: Two women and what man concentrated on post World War II events?
Answer: Ted Gurr

Question: Some historians were critical of what exclusion in the definition of victims of genocide?
Answer: social and political groups

Question: In what book did Kakar contend that the international definition of genocide was too narrow?
Answer: The Soviet Invasion and the Afghan Response

Question: Kakar argued that the definition should include any group defined by the perpetrator and which other group?
Answer: political groups

Question: In the writing of Chalk and Jonassohn, what is stated to be a form of one-sided mass killing?
Answer: Genocide

Question: In further elaborating on the definition, how did Chalk and Jonassohn phrase the intention of the perpetrator? 
Answer: intends to destroy a group

Question: Harff and Gurr's definition of genocide included the promotion and execution of what, by a state or its agents?
Answer: policies

Question: Harff and Gurr further defined what in terms of ethnicity, religion or nationality?
Answer: victimized groups

Question: What was important to Harff and Gurr to distinguish from genocides?
Answer: politicides

Question: Along with ethnicity and and religion, what other characteristic defined a member of a victimized group?
Answer: nationality

Question: What did Harff define as "short-lived outbursts by mobs...?"
Answer: pogroms

Question: In the writings of Rummel, what is the first and ordinary meaning of genocide?
Answer: murder by government