Question: What religion were Spanish Jews pressured into converting to?
Answer: Christianity

Question: In what part of Europe did the Slavs live?
Answer: Eastern

Question: What was the religion of the Slavs?
Answer: pagan

Question: Along with gardening, animal husbandry and child-care, what work did medieval peasant women do?
Answer: taking care of the household

Question: Along with spinning, what income-producing work did peasant women engage in?
Answer: brewing

Question: What did peasant women do when it was time for the harvest?
Answer: help with field-work

Question: What role did women fill in the Church?
Answer: nuns

Question: What sea were the Hanseatic cities located on?
Answer: Baltic

Question: Along with Venice and Pisa, what was a notable Italian maritime republic?
Answer: Genoa

Question: Who wrote The Travels of Marco Polo?
Answer: Marco Polo

Question: What accounting method was utilized in this period?
Answer: double-entry bookkeeping

Question: In what region was gold coinage first reintroduced?
Answer: Italy

Question: Along with Poland, what Central European kingdom was formed during the High Middle Ages?
Answer: Hungary

Question: Who was king when the Magyars settled in Hungary?
Answer: Árpád

Question: When did the papacy of Innocent III begin?
Answer: 1198

Question: Along with France and Spain, the kings of what country consolidated power in the High Middle Ages?
Answer: England

Question: In approximately what year did the Magyars settle in Hungary?
Answer: 900

Question: What dynasty controlled Germany in the early High Middle Ages?
Answer: Ottonian

Question: What dynasty ruled Germany starting in 1024?
Answer: Salian

Question: When did Henry IV's reign begin?
Answer: 1084

Question: The clash between Henry IV and the pope was part of what greater conflict?
Answer: Investiture Controversy

Question: What was the regnal name of Frederick I Barbarossa's grandson?
Answer: Frederick II

Question: Who was Duke of Normandy in 1066?
Answer: William the Conqueror

Question: During what period did William reign over England?
Answer: 1066–87

Question: When did Robert Guiscard die?
Answer: 1085

Question: What kingdom grew out of the duchy founded by Robert Guiscard?
Answer: Kingdom of Sicily

Question: To what dynasty did Henry II belong?
Answer: Angevin

Question: What was the name of the Christian reconquest of Iberia from the Muslims?
Answer: the Reconquista

Question: How many major Christian kingdoms existed in Iberia around 1150?
Answer: five

Question: Along with León, Portugal, Aragon and Castile, what major Christian kingdom existed in Iberia around 1150?
Answer: Navarre

Question: What Islamic state controlled southern Iberia until 1031?
Answer: the Caliphate of Córdoba

Question: What Islamic state controlled southern Iberia in the 1170s?
Answer: the Almohad Caliphate

Question: During what decade did the Seljuk Turks occupy Armenia?
Answer: 1060s

Question: In what yer was the Battle of Manzikert fought?
Answer: 1071

Question: Who was taken prisoner at the Battle of Manzikert?
Answer: Byzantine Emperor Romanus IV

Question: Who conquered Jerusalem from the Turks?
Answer: the Fatimids of Egypt

Question: During what century did the Seljuk Turks occupy Persia?
Answer: 11th

Question: What pope launched the First crusade?
Answer: Urban II

Question: At what gathering was the First Crusade preached?
Answer: the Council of Clermont

Question: In what year was the First Crusade proclaimed?
Answer: 1095

Question: What Byzantine Emperor's request for assistance led to the First Crusade?
Answer: Alexios I Komnenos

Question: In what year did the First Crusade take Jerusalem?
Answer: 1099

Question: What was the purpose of the Third Crusade?
Answer: to regain Jerusalem

Question: Who took Jerusalem in 1187?
Answer: Saladin

Question: In what year did the Fourth Crusade occur?
Answer: 1203

Question: What state was founded following the Fourth Crusade?
Answer: Latin Empire of Constantinople

Question: After 1291, where did the titular King of Jerusalem reside?
Answer: Cyprus

Question: Along with the Baltic and Spain, in what area were crusades called?
Answer: southern France

Question: Where was the Teutonic Order headquartered in 1309?
Answer: Marienburg

Question: What military order was founded as a result of the Northern Crusades?
Answer: the Order of the Sword Brothers

Question: In what century did the Northern Crusades begin?
Answer: 12th

Question: What century saw the end of the Northern Crusades?
Answer: 14th

Question: What group opposed the nominalists on the subject of universals?
Answer: realists

Question: What ancient philosopher was rediscovered, leading to a revival of philosophy?
Answer: Aristotle

Question: When did Peter Lombard die?
Answer: 1164

Question: What was the name of the school of thought that combined theology and philosophy?
Answer: scholasticism

Question: Who authored the Summa Theologica?
Answer: Thomas Aquinas

Question: What does chansons de geste mean in English?
Answer: songs of great deeds

Question: Along with The Song of Ronald, what is a notable chanson de geste?
Answer: The Song of Hildebrand

Question: Who wrote Historia Regum Britanniae?
Answer: Geoffrey of Monmouth

Question: What legendary figure was featured in the Historia Regum Britanniae?
Answer: Arthur

Question: Who was the subject of Gesta Friderici Imperatoris?
Answer: Emperor Frederick Barbarossa

Question: What is another name for canon law?
Answer: ecclesiastical law

Question: What is another name for Roman law?
Answer: Secular law

Question: Where could one study Roman law in 1100?
Answer: Bologna

Question: In what century was the Corpus Juris Civilis rediscovered?
Answer: 11th

Question: Who wrote the Decretum?
Answer: Gratian

Question: What invention led to advances in mathematics?
Answer: algebra

Question: What influential astronomy text did Ptomely author?
Answer: Almagest

Question: In what language was Almagest originally written?
Answer: Greek

Question: In what city was a medical school located that was notably influenced by Islamic medicine?
Answer: Salerno

Question: Into what language was Almagest translated in the 12th century?
Answer: Latin

Question: Along with the astrolabe, windmill and distilled spirits, what was a notable technological advancement of the 12th and 13th centuries?
Answer: mechanical clocks

Question: What was invented in approximately 1286?
Answer: Concave spectacles

Question: Near what city were concave spectacles invented?
Answer: Pisa

Question: What fraction of land was under cultivation using the two-field system?
Answer: one half

Question: What fraction of land was under cultivate using the three-field system?
Answer: two-thirds

Question: What invention allowed horses rather than oxen to be used to plow?
Answer: the horse collar

Question: What invention led to an increase in efficiency in the farming of heavy soils?
Answer: the heavy plough

Question: In addition to requiring less pasture, what distinguishes horses from oxen?
Answer: faster

Question: Along with bridges, tithe barns and town halls, what notable new structures were built during this period?
Answer: houses

Question: What method, derived from the Romans, was traditionally used to build ships?
Answer: mortise and tenon

Question: What new shipbuilding method was invented in this period?
Answer: rib and plank

Question: What type of rudder was introduced during this period?
Answer: stern-post

Question: What type of sails were first used during this era?
Answer: lateen

Question: In what century did Europeans become aware of gunpowder?
Answer: 13th

Question: Who was recorded as using gunpowder in 1304?
Answer: the English

Question: Against whom was gunpowder used in 1304?
Answer: the Scots

Question: In what decade were siege cannon known to have been used?
Answer: 1320s

Question: What led to the increased use of armor in the 12th century?
Answer: The increasing use of crossbows