Question: Who was among the first to successfully climb all the major 4,000m peaks?
Answer: Karl Blodig

Question: When was the first British Mont Blanc ascent? 
Answer: 1788

Question: When was the first female ascent on Mont Blanc?
Answer: 1819

Question: When had Swiss mountaineers ascended most of the peaks? 
Answer: the mid-1850s

Question: What year did Edward Whymper reach the top of the Matterhorn?
Answer: 1865

Question: When were the last of the six great north faces of the Alps climbed? 
Answer: 1938

Question: What have been mined in the Alps for thousands of years? 
Answer: minerals

Question: What did Celtic tribes mine from the Alps?
Answer: copper

Question: What did the Romans mine in the Bad Gastein area?
Answer: gold

Question: What does Erzberd in Styria furnish?
Answer: high-quality iron ore

Question: The cinnabar deposits are found in what area?
Answer: Slovenia

Question: How long have Alpine crystals been studied and collected? 
Answer: hundreds of years

Question: When did the alpine crystals begin to be classified? 
Answer: the 18th century

Question: Who studied the shapes of crystals? 
Answer: Leonhard Euler

Question: By the 19th century what was common in the Alpine regions?
Answer: crystal hunting

Question: Who amassed a collection 8000 crystals?
Answer: David Friedrich Wiser

Question: Where did the mountains undergo serve erosion?
Answer: Miocene Epoch

Question: What was the cause of the severe erosion?
Answer: glaciation

Question: Who noted the severe erosion of the mountains?
Answer: Louis Agassiz

Question: What was Louis Agassiz also known as? 
Answer: the "father of the ice-age concept"

Question: Where did Agassiz study during the 1840s?
Answer: the Unteraar Glacier

Question: Agassiz found that the Unteraar Glacier moved how much per year? 
Answer: 100 m (328 ft)

Question: The movement of the Unteraar Glacier moved more rapidly in what part?
Answer: the middle

Question: What is an example of a valley carved by glaciers during the ice ages? 
Answer: The Inn valley

Question: What lays at the bottom of the Inn Valley
Answer: Eroded rocks from the most recent ice age

Question: The top of the Inn Valley consists of what?
Answer: erosion from earlier ice ages

Question: What are Moraines?
Answer: piles of rock picked up during the movement of the glacier

Question: Where have moraines accumulated?
Answer: at edges, center and the terminus of glaciers.

Question: How do Piedmont glaciers appear?
Answer: spread in a fan-like shape

Question: What causes the ice to break and crack loudly?
Answer: The stress of the movement

Question: What does the cracking of the ice create?
Answer: unpredictable and dangerous crevasses

Question: What causes flooding, property damage, and loss of life?
Answer: a piece of glacier will detach or break

Question: What killed about 2500 people in the 17th century?
Answer: an avalanche

Question: How many homes in a village near Zermatt were destroyed by an avalanche in the 19th century? 
Answer: 120 homes

Question: What cause the glaciers to descend to permafrost levels in some areas? 
Answer: High levels of precipitation

Question: From 1876 to 1973, how much did the glaciers that covered the Alps shrink?
Answer: to 1,342 km2 (518 sq mi)

Question: What resulted from the loss of the area the glaciers over the Alps?
Answer: decreased river run-off levels.

Question: How much of the glaciation in Austria disappeared?
Answer: Forty percent

Question: How much of the glaciation disappeared in Switzerland?
Answer: 30%

Question: What provides Europe with drinking water, irrigation, and hydroelectric power?
Answer: The Alps

Question: How much of Europe does the Alps cover?
Answer: 11 percent of the surface area

Question: How much water does the Alps provide to lowland Europe?
Answer: 90 percent

Question: How much water does Milan depend on from the Alpine runoff?
Answer: 80 percent

Question: Water from the rivers is used in over how many hydroelectric power plants?
Answer: 500

Question: The Rhine, the Rhone, the Inn, the Ticino and the Po rivers flow from what Country?
Answer: Switzerland

Question: Where do the major tributaries that flow through the Danube originate from?
Answer: the Alps

Question: Which river is second to the Nile as a freshwater source to the Mediterranean?
Answer: The Rhone

Question: What does The Rhone begin as?
Answer: glacial meltwater

Question: Where does the Rhine originate?
Answer: a 30 square kilometre area in Switzerland

Question: Where is the medieval St. Bartholomew Chapel located?
Answer: Germany

Question: What side of the Konigssee was St. Bartholomew's chapel built?
Answer: south side

Question: What do the rivers form?
Answer: lakes

Question: Who have been studying the impact of climate change and water use?
Answer: Scientists

Question: Water is diverted from rivers for what purpose?
Answer: snowmaking in the ski resorts

Question: What are the effects of diverting the water from rivers?
Answer: unknown

Question: What are a classic example of what happens when a temperate area at lower altitude gives way to higher-elevation terrain?
Answer: The Alps

Question: Elevations around the world that have a cold climate similar to that of the polar region have been called what?
Answer: Alpine

Question: What causes the temperature to decrease?
Answer: A rise from sea level into the upper regions of the atmosphere

Question: What is sufficient to divide the weather patterns in Europe into a wet north and dry south?
Answer: The height of the Alps

Question: Since when has the severe weather in the Alps been studied? 
Answer: the 18th century

Question: Particularly what part of the weather has been studied?
Answer: the weather patterns

Question: What was placed in the mountains early in the 20th century?
Answer: Numerous weather stations

Question: Where is the Aosta valley located?
Answer: Italy

Question: Where is the Valais located?
Answer: Switzerland

Question: What areas experience periodic flooding from rapid snowmelt and runoff?
Answer: The areas that are not arid and receive high precipitation

Question: What are the ranges of mean precipitation in the Alps?
Answer: 2,600 mm (100 in) per year to 3,600 mm (140 in) per year

Question: Where do the higher levels of precipitation occur? 
Answer: high altitudes

Question: At what altitude does snowfall begin in November?
Answer: At altitudes between 1,000 and 3,000 m

Question: How many zones are the Alps split into?
Answer: five climatic zones

Question: What is the lowest zone of the Alps called?
Answer: colline zone

Question: Where does the lowest zone of the Alps exist? 
Answer: between 500 and 1,000 m

Question: Where does the montane zone extend from?
Answer: from 800 to 1,700 m

Question: Where does the sub-Alpine zone extend from?
Answer: from 1,600 to 2,400 m

Question: What has been projected into the 22nd century for the Alps?
Answer: Various models of climate change

Question: What will have an effect on snowfall, snowpack, glaciation, and river runoff?
Answer: increased temperatures

Question: What have the various models been of?
Answer: climate change

Question: How many species of plants have been identified in the Alpine regions?
Answer: Thirteen thousand

Question: How are Alpine plants grouped?
Answer: by habitat and soil type

Question: Oak, beech, ash, and sycamore maple make up what group of trees?
Answer: chief deciduous trees

Question: What is often above the forestry?
Answer: a band of short pine trees

Question: What type of soil does Alpenrose prefer?
Answer: acidic soil

Question: What is the area above the treeline defined as?
Answer: alpine

Question: Why does the alpine area fluctuate greatly?
Answer: because of regional fluctuations in tree lines.

Question: What grows in abundance in areas such as the meadows above the Lauterbrunnental?
Answer: Alpine plants such the Alpine gentian

Question: What are Gentians named after?
Answer: the Illyrian king Gentius