Question: Who wrote the book Contrasts?
Answer: Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin

Question: What year was Contrasts written in?
Answer: 1836

Question: What was the name of Pugin's book?
Answer: Contrasts

Question: In what year was Contrasts written?
Answer: 1836

Question: What world did Pugin dislike?
Answer: modern, industrial world

Question: What type of architecture did Pugin consider truly Christian?
Answer: Gothic

Question: Who wrote Seven Lamps of Architecture?
Answer: John Ruskin

Question: Who was the author of Seven Lamps of Architecture?
Answer: John Ruskin

Question: What was Ruskin's career? 
Answer: art critic

Question: When was  Seven Lamps of Architecture published?
Answer: 1849

Question: What, according to Ruskin, should looking at architecture contribute to its viewer?
Answer: to his mental health, power, and pleasure

Question: Does Ruskin believe all buildings are works of architecture?
Answer: not

Question: What was most significant in architecture according to Ruskin?
Answer: the aesthetic

Question: To be true architecture in Ruskin's opinion what should be done to a structure?
Answer: it is in some way "adorned"

Question: What features at minimum did Ruskin insist on for a building to be considered functional?
Answer: string courses or rustication

Question: What century was the architect Le Corbusier in?
Answer: 20th-century

Question: Who wrote on the topic of architectural ideals contrasted with simple construction? 
Answer: Le Corbusier

Question: What was Le Corbusier 's profession?
Answer: Architect

Question: When did Le Corbusier live and write?
Answer: 20th-century

Question: What part of him did Le Corbusier say proper architecture touched?
Answer: heart

Question: What state of emotion did Le Corbusier say architecture put him in?
Answer: I am happy

Question: What term replaced Vitruvius' term "utility"?
Answer: Function

Question: In addition to being practically useful what other aspects did a building need in order to be considered functional?
Answer: aesthetic, psychological and cultural

Question: Whose concept of utility did the more modern concept of function replace?
Answer: Vitruvius

Question: What aspects of a building were considered part of the larger concept of function?
Answer: all criteria of the use, perception and enjoyment of a building

Question: What were the reactions to the idea that function should come before other concerns?
Answer: both popularity and skepticism

Question: What are some philosophies that modern architects use?
Answer: rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, poststructuralism, and phenomenology.

Question: Rationalism and empiricism are examples of what?
Answer: philosophies

Question: Aside from the architects what did the philosophies influence?
Answer: their approach to building design

Question: Which philosophy followed structuralism?
Answer: poststructuralism

Question: When was the conecept, Sustainable architecture used?
Answer: late 20th century

Question: What novel concept was introduced at the end of the 20th century?
Answer: sustainability

Question: To what should a building be friendly?
Answer: environment

Question: What sort of power sources should a building not overuse if the building is to be considered environmentally friendly?
Answer: non-sustainable power sources

Question: What dynamic needs were the reason for building to be done?
Answer: shelter, security, worship

Question: Oral traditions allowed what to become formalized in human cultures?
Answer: knowledge

Question: What was building considered?
Answer: a craft

Question: What was the most valued type of building craft called?
Answer: architecture

Question: Aside from skills, what is required in order to have the means for building?
Answer: building materials

Question: What type of buildings are are built mostly through out the world?
Answer: vernacular buildings

Question: Why did the economy begin to expand?
Answer: a surplus in production

Question: Through what process is it thought that the first architectural achievements were made?
Answer: trial and error

Question: What is a popular type of architecture that still exists around the planet?
Answer: vernacular

Question: In what environment were many of the first human settlements?
Answer: rural

Question: What sort of an effect did a growing economy have on human settlements?
Answer: urbanization

Question: At what speed did urban settlements sometimes expand?
Answer: rapidly

Question: What civilizations used the divine and supernatural in their architecture?
Answer: Egypt and Mesopotamia

Question: What are two examples of past civilizations?
Answer: Egypt and Mesopotamia

Question: To what did these civilizations have ties that to were shown off by their architecture?
Answer: the divine and the supernatural

Question: What does architectural monumentality often represent?
Answer: political power

Question: Name one Asian architectural writer.
Answer: Kao Gong Ji

Question: What country produced the Kao Gong Ji?
Answer: China

Question: When was the Kao Gong Ji written?
Answer: 7th–5th centuries BCE

Question: What architectural writing came from Sri Lanka?
Answer: Manjusri Vasthu Vidya Sastra

Question: India produced which early architectural text?
Answer: Shilpa Shastras

Question: What religion led to architectural changes in many Asian countries?
Answer: pantheistic religion

Question: Which cultures architecture showed a lot of diversity?
Answer: Buddhist architecture

Question: When did Hindu temple architecture begin being produced?
Answer: 3rd century BCE

Question: What does Hindu temple architecture try to express?
Answer: the macrocosm and the microcosm

Question: What is the source of the concepts in Hindu temple architecture?
Answer: the Shastras

Question: What type of architectural is especially known for its regional differences
Answer: Buddhist

Question: What kind of religious theology affected landscape related architecture in Asia?
Answer: pantheistic religion

Question: What cultures architecture inspired Islamic architecture to use pointed arch's?
Answer: European architecture

Question: When was Islamic architecture first seen?
Answer: 7th century CE

Question: In addition to forms from the ancient Middle East, what other place's forms had an effect on Islamic architecture?
Answer: Byzantium

Question: What other parts of the society's needs did architecture fill?
Answer: religious and social needs

Question: What kind of arch design from Islamic architecture affected European architects?
Answer: pointed arch

Question: What type of buildings were took the most effort to build?
Answer: abbeys and cathedrals.

Question: What were the most important buildings of the time?
Answer: abbeys and cathedrals

Question: What two groups spread knowledge of architecture in Europe?
Answer: clerics and tradesmen

Question: What style is Gothic?
Answer: pan-European

Question: What is another pan-European style?
Answer: Romanesque

Question: When did the clerics and tradesmen start spreading architectural information?
Answer: 900 CE onwards

Question: When was Renaissance Humanism developed?
Answer: 1400

Question: When did the Classical learning revival begin?
Answer: 1400 onwards

Question: What continent did this revival take place on?
Answer: Europe

Question: What was the name for the time period?
Answer: Renaissance

Question: What did Renaissance Humanism emphasize?
Answer: role of the individual

Question: What three vocations were not really considered separate from each other at that time?
Answer: artist, architect and engineer

Question: What sort of considerations does architectural design take into account? 
Answer: functional, technical, social, environmental and aesthetic

Question: In architecture what aspects are planned and designed?
Answer: form, space and ambience

Question: Aside from planning and design what other types of aspects does architecture involve?
Answer: pragmatic aspects