Question: When were Castille and Aragon united?
Answer: 1479

Question: After 1479, what language became more valued?
Answer: Spanish

Question: When did Catalan literature begin a downward trend?
Answer: 16th century

Question: What language began to supersede Catalan?
Answer: Spanish

Question: At this time what classes became bilingual?
Answer: urban and literary

Question: When was the Treaty of the Pyrenees?
Answer: 1659

Question: What part of Catalonia did Spain give to France?
Answer: northern part

Question: Why did Spain give part of Catalonia to France?
Answer: Treaty of the Pyrenees

Question: What language began to influence Catalan?
Answer: French

Question: When did French become the official language of that part of Catalonia?
Answer: 1700

Question: When did France outlaw Catalan?
Answer: 1789

Question: What upheaval had occurred in France just before the prohibition of patois?
Answer: French Revolution

Question: Besides Catalan, Alsatian, and Breton, what other patois were banned?
Answer: Occitan, Flemish, and Basque

Question: What are French non standard languages called?
Answer: patois

Question: When did the French obtain Algeria?
Answer: 1833

Question: Where did the Algiers immigrants come from?
Answer: Northern Catalonia and Minorca

Question: What was the Catalan immigrant's speech called?
Answer: patuet

Question: How many Catalan speakers lived in Algiers by 1911?
Answer: around 100,000

Question: When did most Catalan speakers leave northern Catalonia?
Answer: 1962

Question: What is the official language of France?
Answer: French

Question: Where does the General Council want to promote Catalan?
Answer: in public life and education

Question: Who recognized Catalan as a departmental language?
Answer: General Council of the Pyrénées-Orientales

Question: What language does the General Council want to promote?
Answer: Catalan

Question: What declined in the 16th and 17th centuries?
Answer: Catalan

Question: Where did Catalan experience defeat?
Answer: War of Spanish Succession

Question: When was the war of Spanish Succession?
Answer: 1714

Question: What did the war in 1714 mandate as the proper language in documentation?
Answer: Spanish

Question: Who was defeated in the War of Spanish Succession?
Answer: Catalan

Question: What did the 19th century produce in Catalan literature?
Answer: revival

Question: What is Renaixenca?
Answer: Catalan literary revival

Question: When did Aribau write Ode to the Homeland?
Answer: 1833

Question: When did this revival period begin?
Answer: 1833

Question: In what century did Vedaguer, Oller, and Guimera wrte?
Answer: early 20th

Question: Since the transition what language has been proclaimed mandatory in schools?
Answer: Catalan

Question: Where is the teaching of Catalan mandatory?
Answer: in all schools

Question: Since the transition, what is the official language?
Answer: Catalan

Question: Besides as an official  and an educational language, where else is Catalan the prefered language?
Answer: mass media

Question: Where has Catalan always been the only language?
Answer: Andorra

Question: When was the Andorran constitution produced?
Answer: 1993

Question: What policies are the Andorrans enforcing?
Answer: Andorranization policies

Question: What is an Andorran school policy?
Answer: Catalan medium education

Question: What is the only language of Andorra?
Answer: Catalan

Question: What kind of  shifts are taking place in Catalan speaking areas?
Answer: language shift processes

Question: How old are most of the native language speakers in northern Catalonia?
Answer: 60 or older

Question: When was it determined that most native speakers in France are 60 or older?
Answer: 2004

Question: What percentage of primary students study Catalan as a foreign language?
Answer: 30%

Question: What do 15% of secondary school students study as a foreign language?
Answer: Catalan

Question: What is Catalan being supplanted by in Alicante?
Answer: Spanish

Question: What is Catalan being replaced by in Alghero?
Answer: Italian

Question: What are the anti-Catalan attitudes in Valencia and Ibiza?
Answer: ingrained diglossic attitudes

Question: What is another expression for bilingual attitudes?
Answer: diglossic attitudes

Question: What is Spanish replacing in Alicante province?
Answer: Catalan

Question: To what branch of Gallo-Romance languages is Catalan attributed?
Answer: Occitano-Romance

Question: Who disagrees with putting Catalan in the Occitano-Romance branch?
Answer: linguists

Question: What kind of linguists do not like placing Catalan in the Occitano-Romance category?
Answer: Spanish ones

Question: What is Catalan a variety of?
Answer: Occitan language

Question: What are the degrees of similarity with Occitan and Gallo-Romance languages?
Answer: varying degrees

Question: What are there besides degrees of similarity with Occitan?
Answer: differences

Question: What does Catalan share with other Romance languages?
Answer: many traits

Question: Why does Catalan share many traits with other Romance languages?
Answer: closely related

Question: What does Catalan share with nearby Romance languages?
Answer: many traits

Question: Where is the Catalan language mostly located?
Answer: Iberian Peninsula

Question: In pronunciation what is Catalan different from?
Answer: Ibero-Romance group

Question: What are examples of Ibero-Romance languages?
Answer: Spanish and Portuguese

Question: To what group is Catalan most closely related?
Answer: Occitan

Question: What is the similarity between Catalan and Italian?
Answer: 87%

Question: Hoe similar is Catalan to Portuguese?
Answer: 85%

Question: What is the percent relationship of Catalan to Spanish?
Answer: 80%

Question: What is the relationship similarity to Ladin?
Answer: 76%

Question: How related is Sardinian to Catalan?
Answer: 75%

Question: What has Catalan often been considered?
Answer: dialect of Spanish

Question: During what dictatorship was Catalan considered a dialect?
Answer: Francoist

Question: What area was Roman Tarraconensis language different from?
Answer: rest of Roman Hispania

Question: What language branch did Catalan share a history with?
Answer: Occitan

Question: What is Occitan a branch of?
Answer: Western Romance

Question: What is the origin of language elements found in Catalan and not in Spanish?
Answer: Germanic

Question: What is the origin of some Spanish words?
Answer: Latin origin

Question: What has different results in Spanish and Catalan?
Answer: Germanic superstrate

Question: What element in Spanish is more prominent than in Catalan?
Answer: Arabic element

Question: What language loanwords are found in both Spanish and Catalan?
Answer: Arabic loanwords

Question: In which language is the Arabic element stand out more?
Answer: Spanish

Question: Where does the Catalan word alfabia come from?
Answer: of Arabic origin

Question: What is the origin of the Spanish word teja?
Answer: Latin origin

Question: What are the linguistic blocks Catalan lies between?
Answer: Ibero-Romance and Gallo-Romance

Question: What kind of linguistic choices does Catalan have?
Answer: unique

Question: What type of unique choices does Catalan have?
Answer: lexical

Question: What is the Catalan to miss somebody?
Answer: enyorar

Question: What are the Paisos Catalans
Answer: Catalan Countries

Question: What is that determination based on?
Answer: cultural affinity and common heritage

Question: What status does Catalan Countries have?
Answer: no official status

Question: What is the interpretation of the term?
Answer: Various interpretations

Question: What is the term for Catalan Countries?
Answer: Països Catalans

Question: How is Catalan different from other Romance languages?
Answer: many monosyllabic words

Question: What other type of endings do Catalan words have?
Answer: consonant clusters

Question: What kind of final devoicing does the language have?
Answer: obstruent