Question: What was John's preferred plan?
Answer: use Poitou as a base of operations

Question: John remained what throughout his reign?
Answer: Lord of Ireland

Question: When did the king cross into Ireland with a large army?
Answer: 1210

Question: During Richard's rule, what did John successfully do?
Answer: increased the size of his lands in Ireland

Question: When was the political relationship between England and Scotland disputed?
Answer: late 12th and early 13th centuries

Question: Who forced William the Lion to swear fealty to him?
Answer: Henry II

Question: What did John force William to sign?
Answer: Treaty of Norham

Question: John treated the interdict as what?
Answer: the equivalent of a papal declaration of war

Question: John seized the lands of who?
Answer: those clergy unwilling to conduct services

Question: When did Innocent excommunicate the king?
Answer: November 1209

Question: How many marks did the church lose?
Answer: 100,000

Question: John felt Langton was overly influenced by what?
Answer: the Capetian court in Paris

Question: Who was barred Langton from entering England?
Answer: England

Question: when did Innocent place an interdict on England?
Answer: March 1208

Question: John besieged what castle?
Answer: Roche-au-Moine

Question: Who refused to advance with the king?
Answer: The local Angevin nobles

Question: Who won the battle of Bouvines?
Answer: Philip

Question: How long was the truce intended to last for?
Answer: six years

Question: When did John begin his final campaign to reclaim Normandy?
Answer: 1214

Question: Who did John build alliances with?
Answer: Emperor Otto, Renaud of Boulogne and Count Ferdinand of Flanders

Question: When did John leave for Poitou?
Answer: February 1214

Question: Who made the first move in the war?
Answer: rebels

Question: What did the rebels seize?
Answer: Rochester Castle

Question: Who lead the rebellion against the 1211 settlement?
Answer: Llywelyn the Great

Question: What was John's strategy?
Answer: isolate the rebel barons in London

Question: Who suspected that the proposed baronial council would be unacceptable?
Answer: rebel barons

Question: John appealed to who for help?
Answer: Innocent

Question: The failure of the agreement lead to what?
Answer: First Barons' War

Question: What did the king lose on his way to the west?
Answer: significant part of his baggage

Question: When did John face a stalemate?
Answer: October 1216

Question: When were the Crown Jewels lost?
Answer: as he crossed one of the tidal estuaries

Question: When did John begin a fresh, vigorous attack?
Answer: September 1216

Question: Where did John march from?
Answer: Cotswolds

Question: Where did John contract dysentery?
Answer: King's Lynn

Question: Who invaded northern England?
Answer: Alexander II

Question: Which historians were favourably inclined towards the king?
Answer: Tudor historians

Question: What praised John's "great renown" as a king?
Answer: John Speed's Historie of Great Britaine

Question: When did political and religious changes alter the attitude of historians towards John?
Answer: 16th century

Question: What heavily influenced nineteenth-century fictional depictions of John?
Answer: Ivanhoe

Question: Who played John in 1938?
Answer: Claude Rains

Question: Who was John depicted alongside?
Answer: Robin Hood

Question: Which historians wrote early in John's life?
Answer: Richard of Devizes, William of Newburgh, Roger of Hoveden and Ralph de Diceto

Question: How did historians feel about John's behavior under Richard's rule?
Answer: unsympathetic

Question: John attempted conversion of what in exchange for military aid?
Answer: Islam

Question: When did popular representations of John begin to emerge?
Answer: Tudor period

Question: What was Anthony Munday's play?
Answer: The Downfall and The Death of Robert Earl of Huntington

Question: In The Troublesome Reign of King John, John portrayed the king as what?
Answer: proto-Protestant martyr

Question: Who was critical of John's performance as king?
Answer: Contemporary chroniclers

Question: What historian summarised the contemporary historical opinion of John's positive qualities?
Answer: Jim Bradbury

Question: John remains a recurring character within what culture?
Answer: Western

Question: Henry II wanted to secure the southern borders of what?
Answer: Aquitaine

Question: Who was Alais?
Answer: the daughter and heiress of Humbert III of Savoy

Question: What castles did Henry II transfer into John's name?
Answer: Chinon, Loudun and Mirebeau

Question: Richard withdrew what towards John?
Answer: malevolentia

Question: Who was the Count of Mortain?
Answer: John

Question: When did John successfully conduct a sudden attack and siege of Evreux castle?
Answer: 1195

Question: Who was Isabella engaged to?
Answer: Hugh of Lusignan

Question: Hugh of Lusignan was an important member of what?
Answer: a key Poitou noble family

Question: John treated Hugh with what?
Answer: contempt

Question: What did John attempt to relieve in late 1203?
Answer: Château Gaillard

Question: Who blocked John's relief operation?
Answer: Philip's forces

Question: When did Gaillard fall?
Answer: March 1204

Question: What was John's only remaining possession on the Continent?
Answer: Duchy of Aquitaine

Question: How many times did John levi scutage payments?
Answer: eleven

Question: When did John initiate a new round of appointments?
Answer: 1194

Question: Who were subject to huge taxes?
Answer: The Jews

Question: When did John create a new tax on income and movable goods?
Answer: 1207

Question: Many of John's mistresses were what?
Answer: married noblewomen

Question: How many children did John have with mistresses during his first marriage?
Answer: five

Question: How many of John's known illegitimate children were born after he remarried?
Answer: None

Question: How many galleys were available by the end of 1204?
Answer: 50

Question: 54 vessels were built between what years?
Answer: 1209 and 1212

Question: Who was appointed "keeper of the galleys?"
Answer: William of Wrotham

Question: Where did John visit every year between 1204 and 1211?
Answer: Wales

Question: Who did John marry Joan to?
Answer: Llywelyn the Great

Question: What did John use to increase his own territory and power?
Answer: marcher lords and the native Welsh

Question: When did a royal expedition to enforce agreements occur?
Answer: 1211

Question: Where were Monastic communities allowed to celebrate Mass in private?
Answer: 1209

Question: When was the Holy Viaticum for the dying authorised?
Answer: 1212

Question: What threat was John worried about?
Answer: French invasion

Question: Where did John hold a council in January 1215?
Answer: London

Question: Where did John recruit mercenary forces from?
Answer: Poitou

Question: John announced his intent to become what?
Answer: a crusader

Question: When did John retake Rochester Castle?
Answer: November

Question: John marched against who in January 1216?
Answer: Alexander II of Scotland

Question: John sent William Longespee to retake what?
Answer: north side of London and East Anglia

Question: When did John die?
Answer: 18 October

Question: When was a new sarcophagus made for him?
Answer: 1232

Question: Where was John buried?
Answer: Worcester Cathedral

Question: Who blamed John's family background for his cruel personality?
Answer: James Ramsay

Question: What documents trace a progressive and universalist course of political and economic development in England?
Answer: Domesday Book and Magna Carta

Question: What period in the 19th century were historians more inclined to draw on the judgements of the chroniclers?
Answer: Victorian

Question: John lost the duchy of Normandy to who?
Answer: King Philip II of France

Question: What led to the sealing of the Magna Carta?
Answer: baronial revolt