Question: Because such oaths are in violation of the First Amendment, they're what?
Answer: unconstitutional and unenforceable

Question: Why have perks like relaxed zoning rules and special parking privileges been allowed for churches?
Answer: beneficial arrangements for the society

Question: What is the national motto "In God We Trust" officially known as?
Answer: ceremonial deism

Question: What has the Supreme Court ruled about ceremonial deism?
Answer: not religious in nature

Question: What state uses as a motto a passage from the Bible?
Answer: Ohio

Question: Why was Ohio allowed to use a biblical passage as its motto?
Answer: because it displayed no preference for a particular religion

Question: When do Jeffries and Ryan that the modern concept of separation of church and state dates from?
Answer: mid-twentieth century

Question: What was the central point of the rulings of the Supreme Court's rulings?
Answer: constitutional ban against aid to religious schools

Question: What was later banned in public education?
Answer: religious observance

Question: How many propositions make up the separationist position on the Establishment Clause?
Answer: two

Question: What position do Jeffries and Ryan argue was the reason for support from a coalition of separationists?
Answer: no-aid

Question: What type of secularism came to dominate American public life?
Answer: pervasive

Question: Who supported the ban against government aid to religious schools before 1970?
Answer: most Protestants (and most Jews)

Question: What diminished after 1980?
Answer: anti-Catholic sentiment

Question: What is opposed today by members of many Protestant faiths?
Answer: strict separationism

Question: What do critics of the concept of separation of church and state argue it's untethered to?
Answer: anything in the text of the constitution

Question: What is the profession of Philip Hamburger?
Answer: professor

Question: What school is Philip Hamburger associated with?
Answer: Columbia Law school

Question: What does Hamburger feel the modern concept of separation of church and state is rooted in?
Answer: American anti-Catholicism

Question: What are state constitutional amendments relating to separation of church and state known as?
Answer: Blaine Amendments

Question: Who is the Executive Director of the Baptist Joint Committee?
Answer: J. Brent Walker

Question: What does Walker feel does not impugn the validity of the principle of separation of church and state?
Answer: supported by some who exhibited an anti-Catholic animus or a secularist bent

Question: Who have argued for the separation of church and state for reasons having nothing to do with a desire for a secular culture?
Answer: Champions of religious liberty

Question: Separationists opposed the Catholic church when it sought to do what?
Answer: tap into the public till to support its parochial schools

Question: What does a principled debate on the issues not support a charge of?
Answer: religious bigotry

Question: What did evangelicals want to keep apart?
Answer: the spiritual and secular worlds

Question: What did religious freedom result from?
Answer: an alliance of unlikely partners

Question: What profession does Frank Lambert have?
Answer: historian

Question: What is the name of Lambert's book?
Answer: The Founding Fathers and the Place of Religion in America

Question: What did Deists and skeptics join together to fight for?
Answer: a complete separation of church and state

Question: What does Bellah say the separation of church and state is grounded firmly in?
Answer: constitution of the United States

Question: Whose speech does Bellah's 1967 article analyze?
Answer: John F. Kennedy

Question: What does Bellah use the term "civil religion' to describe?
Answer: the specific relation between politics and religion

Question: What word does Bellah ask how a President is justified to use?
Answer: God

Question: What has the separation of church and state failed to deny the political realm of?
Answer: a religious dimension

Question: What does having no state-run or state-established allow a variety of religions to do?
Answer: flourish

Question: Who has argued the United States is a model for the world in separation of church and state is a good thing?
Answer: Robert S. Wood

Question: Where is the Center for New Religions located?
Answer: Toronto

Question: What does Wood believe the U.S. operates on?
Answer: a sort of civic religion

Question: What does Wood call the approach of allowing individuals the freedom to decide what they want to believe?
Answer: genius of religious sentiment in the United States

Question: What type of faith is Protestantism?
Answer: Christian

Question: Whose teachings were once considered to be heretical?
Answer: Martin Luther

Question: Other than Protestantism, what are the other two divisions of Christianity?
Answer: Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy

Question: Who wrote a letter protesting the condemnation of Martin Luther?
Answer: Lutheran princes

Question: What was the name of the movement that started Protestantism?
Answer: the Protestant Reformation

Question: What do all Protestantism denominations reject?
Answer: the notion of papal supremacy over the Church universal

Question: What Catholic doctrine is usually denied in Protestantism?
Answer: transubstantiation,

Question: What is the term to describe using only faith for justification?
Answer: sola fide

Question: What is the highest authority in Protestantism for morals?
Answer: the Bible

Question: What is the term to describe the differences between Protestantism and Catholicism?
Answer: Five solae

Question: Where did Lutheranism begin?
Answer: Germany

Question: Name three early Protestant reformers.
Answer: John Calvin, Huldrych Zwingli, and John Knox

Question: Where did Arminianism take hold?
Answer: the Netherlands and parts of Germany

Question: Who ended Catholic supremecy in England?
Answer: King Henry VIII

Question: Who made large contributions in the sciences in latter centuries?
Answer: Protestants

Question: What percentage of Christians are Protestant?
Answer: nearly forty percent

Question: Which continents have some form of Protestantism?
Answer: all populated continents

Question: What types of Protestantism are increasing?
Answer: Nondenominational, evangelical, independent and other churches

Question: What Protestant church has members around the world?
Answer: the Anglican Communion

Question: How many people are considered Protestant?
Answer: more than 900 million

Question: From what language does the term evangelical originate?
Answer: German

Question: What German word refers to the gospel or being Protestant?
Answer: evangelisch

Question: What English word for a church began with the Puritans in England?
Answer: evangelical

Question: Name two contributors to Reformed churches.
Answer: John Calvin, Huldrych Zwingli

Question: Who brought Evangelicalism to the U.S.?
Answer: the Puritans

Question: What is the term for teaching by only scripture?
Answer: sola scriptura

Question: How many primary doctrines are focused on the Bible?
Answer: four

Question: What is the term that means all in the Bible is true?
Answer: inerrancy

Question: What power can help someone overcome sin?
Answer: the Holy Spirit

Question: What is the term for needing the Bible for salvation?
Answer: necessity

Question: Which ideas had little criticism for the most part?
Answer: necessity and inerrancy

Question: What is the term for how the church as a whole works?
Answer: ecclesiology

Question: What group believes that some in the church have a special status to understand the bible?
Answer: Catholics

Question: At what period was inerrancy debated?
Answer: the Enlightenment

Question: What item could be learned to gain salvation?
Answer: the Bible

Question: What was Luther's main principle?
Answer: sola fide (by faith alone)