Question: If the lungs are infected by TB via bloodstream, what's the type of focus?
Answer: Simon focus

Question: In what general area of the lungs is SImon focus usually located?
Answer: the top

Question: What is the term that describes a blood-borne infection, like TB when it travels through the blood to the kidneys or brain?
Answer: hematogenous

Question: Four areas of the body are usually safe from TB infection, including skeletal muscles, heart, and thyroid; what's the fourth?
Answer: pancreas

Question: What specific type of disease is TB?
Answer: granulomatous inflammatory

Question: What type of cells gather around infected macrophages in a person infected with TB?
Answer: lymphocytes

Question: What type of cell forms when macrophages clump together trying to kill off the TB infection?
Answer: multinucleated

Question: What natural defensive response is hindered by cells in granulomas that can't send antigen to lymphocytes?
Answer: immune response

Question: What's the technical term for abnormal cell death?
Answer: necrosis

Question: What process replaces tissue damaged by TB?
Answer: scarring

Question: What material can sometimes be expelled by coughing if the cavities it's stored in connect to bronchi?
Answer: caseous necrotic material

Question: What type of bacteria-attacking medicine will treat tuberculosis?
Answer: antibiotics

Question: Are the bacteria in caseous necrotic material living or dead?
Answer: living

Question: Is active TB difficult or easy to diagnose by patients' symptoms alone?
Answer: difficult

Question: If a patient has some symptoms associated with TB, after what time period should tuberculosis be diagnostically considered?
Answer: two weeks

Question: What part of the body would be X-rayed to check for TB?
Answer: chest

Question: What sign of TB infection would a lab be looking for in a sputum culture?
Answer: acid-fast bacilli

Question: Along with interferon-y release essays, what other tests aren't useful in TB diagnosis in developing countries?
Answer: tuberculin skin tests

Question: What result might someone who has received a TB vaccination get from the Mantoux test?
Answer: false-positive

Question: What liquid would you need from a patient to perform IGRAs?
Answer: blood

Question: In combination with skin tests, are IGRAs associated with an increase or decrease in sensitivity?
Answer: increase

Question: Which test has fewer false positives: IGRAs or the Mantoux skin test?
Answer: IGRAs

Question: What does "IGRAs" stand for?
Answer: Interferon gamma release assays

Question: For about how long does full immunity from the TB vaccine last?
Answer: ten years

Question: What percentage of kids in the whole world get the BCG vaccine?
Answer: 90%

Question: Is TB common or uncommon in the United States?
Answer: uncommon

Question: In addition to the U.S. and Canada, what European country sees very few tuberculosis infections?
Answer: the United Kingdom

Question: What segment of the population gets the TB vaccine in countries like Canada with a very low incidence of infection?
Answer: high risk

Question: What group heads up the Global Plan to Stop Tuberculosis?
Answer: Stop TB Partnership

Question: In what year did the WHO say tuberculosis was a "global health emergency"?
Answer: 1993

Question: How many lives did the Stop TB Partnership vow to save in the nine years between its start and 2015?
Answer: 14 million

Question: Drug-resistant TB is one of the barriers to success of the Stop TB Partnership's initiative; what's the other other?
Answer: HIV-associated tuberculosis

Question: What organization created a system to classify various types of TB?
Answer: American Thoracic Society

Question: What part of the mycobacterial cell makes tuberculosis more difficult to treat?
Answer: wall

Question: Isoniazid is one of the two most popular drugs for TB treatment; what's the other one?
Answer: rifampicin

Question: What complication does the use of combinations of antibiotics for active TB prevent?
Answer: antibiotic resistance

Question: What's the three-word name for the method where a health care worker watches their patient take their medication?
Answer: Directly observed therapy

Question: What organization recommends directly observed therapy to make sure people take their antibiotics correctly?
Answer: WHO

Question: If a person has TB that's resistant to rifampicin and isoniazid, which type of the disease do they have?
Answer: MDR-TB

Question: What's the minimum number of second-line medication classes your TB would have to resist to make it count as "extensively drug-resistant"?
Answer: three

Question: In what country was the first case of totally drug-resistant tuberculosis?
Answer: Italy

Question: What's the only antibiotic that might be effective against totally drug-resistant TB?
Answer: Bedaquiline

Question: Cases of totally drug-resistant TB have been found in what country in addition to Italy and India?
Answer: Iran

Question: As immunosuppression goes up in tuberculosis cases, what risk rises with it? 
Answer: reactivation

Question: What disease has a similar relationship as TB does between reactivation and immunosuppression?
Answer: HIV

Question: If you'd been diagnosed with tuberculosis in 1995, how great a chance would you have faced of dying from it?
Answer: 8%

Question: In what year did the risk of dying from TB reach half what it was in 1995?
Answer: 2008

Question: New studies have found that half of reactivation cases of tuberculosis might actually be due to what other "re-" word?
Answer: reinfection

Question: At any given time, about how much of all the people in the world has M. tuberculosis?
Answer: one-third

Question: Approximately how many active TB cases were there in 2012?
Answer: 8.6 million

Question: How many patients were diagnosed with tuberculosis in 2010?
Answer: 8.8 million

Question: About how many people died in 2010 carrying both HIV and TB?
Answer: 0.35 million

Question: What percentage of the world's total population gets infected with tuberculosis every year?
Answer: 1%

Question: What infectious disease causes more deaths than tuberculosis?
Answer: HIV/AIDS

Question: When did new cases of TB infection start going down?
Answer: 2002

Question: What country has had the most success reducing the TB mortality rate?
Answer: China

Question: In what decade did some strains of drug-resistant TB start showing up?
Answer: 1980s

Question: How much did China reduce its rate of death from TB in the 20 years leading up to 2010?
Answer: 80%

Question: Out of every 100,000 people in Swaziland in 2007, how many were infected with tuberculosis?
Answer: 1,200

Question: What country had a record-setting 2 million new cases of TB in 2007?
Answer: India

Question: What people in Australia and Canada have a much higher risk of TB infection than other residents?
Answer: aboriginal

Question: What indigenous people in the U.S. are five times more likely to die from TB?
Answer: Native Americans

Question: What percentage of TB cases in America are diagnosed in minority groups?
Answer: 84%

Question: What animal was found with 17,000-year-old damage from tuberculosis?
Answer: bison

Question: What does MTBC stand for?
Answer: M. tuberculosis complex

Question: During what time period do some scientist believe the first human could have contracted TB from an ancestor they shared with animals?
Answer: Neolithic Revolution

Question: In which U.S. state was the oldest definitive evidence of TB found?
Answer: Wyoming

Question: Who discovered M. tuberculosis?
Answer: Robert Koch

Question: What year was Koch awarded a Nobel Prize?
Answer: 1905

Question: Koch's conviction that human and bovine strains of TB were unrelated meant more people were exposed by drinking what?
Answer: milk

Question: What did Koch call the ineffective treatment for TB he came up with in 1890?
Answer: tuberculin