Question: What text includes Horner's method?
Answer: The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art

Question: What advanced mathematical methods did the Tang dynasty have?
Answer: Cubic equations

Question: What observations in astronomy did China record?
Answer: sunspots

Question: What kind of predictions were made during the 12th century?
Answer: eclipses

Question: Who made predictions in 1601?
Answer: Jesuit Matteo Ricci

Question: What year did Chinese astronomers start to observe comets?
Answer: 635

Question: How many records of sunspots are there?
Answer: 112

Question: What was invented in 132 CE?
Answer: a seismometer

Question: What occurrence is measured by a seismometer?
Answer: an earthquake

Question: What is the Chinese name for a seismometer?
Answer: Houfeng didong yi

Question: What did the Chinese caused earthquakes?
Answer: enormous compression of trapped air

Question: What was Luoyang renamed to?
Answer: Gansu

Question: Who discovered the idea of true north?
Answer: Shen Kuo

Question: When was Shen Kuo alive?
Answer: 1031–1095

Question: What are drydocks used for?
Answer: to repair boats

Question: What did silt and marine fossils teach Shen Kuo?
Answer: geomorphology

Question: What did Shen Kuo study to discover climate change?
Answer: petrified bamboo

Question: Who was the Needham Research Institute named after?
Answer: Joseph Needham

Question: What type of bridge originated in China?
Answer: suspension

Question: What type of map originated in China?
Answer: raised-relief

Question: What type of fan originated in China?
Answer: rotary

Question: What type of globe did Zhang Heng invent?
Answer: water-powered celestial

Question: What was a consequence of the Roman Empire being divided?
Answer: the Western Roman Empire lost contact with much of its past

Question: Where was support found for Greek philosophy?
Answer: Arab Empire

Question: What time period was marked by the spreading of Islam?
Answer: the 7th and 8th centuries

Question: How long did the Islamic Golden Age last?
Answer: until the 13th century

Question: What language did Muslim philosophers speak?
Answer: Arabic

Question: What method did Muslim scientists use more than the Greeks?
Answer: experiment

Question: What book did Ibn al-Haytham write?
Answer: Book of Optics

Question: What law did the Persians know of?
Answer: The law of refraction of light

Question: What was Ibn al-Haytham's nickname?
Answer: the father of optics

Question: What theory did Ibn al-Haytham have proof for?
Answer: the intromission theory of light

Question: What was Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi's profession?
Answer: mathematician

Question: Where does the word "algebra" come from?
Answer: al-jabr

Question: Where did Arabic numerals originate?
Answer: India

Question: What did Muslim mathematicians add to Arabic numerals?
Answer: decimal point notation

Question: What area of science did Al-Razi contribute to?
Answer: chemistry and medicine

Question: Whose work did Al-Battani improve?
Answer: Hipparchus

Question: What does He Megale Syntaxis mean?
Answer: The great treatise

Question: Which measurement did Al-Battani improve upon?
Answer: the Earth's axis

Question: The geocentric model is similar to what other model?
Answer: Copernican heliocentric model

Question: Who was most influential in Islamic philosophy?
Answer: Ibn Sina

Question: What method did Ibn Sina introduce?
Answer: clinical trials

Question: What does Kitab al-shifa mean?
Answer: Book of Healing

Question: The Kitab al-shifa and The Canon of Medicine are considered what?
Answer: standard medicinal texts

Question: What characteristic did Ibn Sina find out about infectious diseases?
Answer: contagious

Question: When were medieval universities created?
Answer: the 12th century

Question: Who sponsored the Toledo School of Translators?
Answer: Raymond of Toledo

Question: At the Toledo School of Translators, what language was Arabic text translated into?
Answer: Latin

Question: Which translator learned Arabic to be able to study the Arabic texts directly?
Answer: Michael Scotus

Question: What language did the important scientific works get translated into for universities and monasteries?
Answer: Latin

Question: Who favored empirical methods?
Answer: Bacon

Question: Who favored mathematics?
Answer: Grosseteste

Question: Who wrote the Catholic Church's Condemnation of 1277?
Answer: Pierre Duhem

Question: What era was important for scientific advancements?
Answer: the Middle Ages

Question: Who pioneered parsimony?
Answer: William of Ockham

Question: What theory is based off of projectiles' motion?
Answer: impetus

Question: What theory did impetus pave the way for?
Answer: inertia

Question: What did the Oxford Calculators measure?
Answer: the kinematics of motion

Question: What year did the Black Death occur?
Answer: 1348

Question: What caused ancient texts to be rediscovered by Byzantine scholars?
Answer: the Fall of Constantinople in 1453

Question: The invention of printing improved which society?
Answer: European

Question: Printed word enabled what?
Answer: a faster propagation of new ideas

Question: What type of mathematics aided in developing European science?
Answer: Algebra

Question: The focus on learning in the 12th century is referred to as what?
Answer: Scholasticism

Question: What began at the same time Scholasticism ended?
Answer: the Black Death

Question: Which era came after Scholasticism?
Answer: Italian Renaissance

Question: What was the focus of the Northern Renaissance?
Answer: chemistry and the biological sciences

Question: Which scientist was known for working on human cadavers?
Answer: Vesalius

Question: What was the Scientific Revolution?
Answer: a period of major scientific advancements

Question: What year is considered to be the beginning of the Scientific Revolution?
Answer: 1543

Question: What book by Andreas Vesalius was published in 1543?
Answer: De humani corporis fabrica (On the Workings of the Human Body)

Question: What was the focus of De Revolutionibus by Nicolaus Copernicus?
Answer: the Earth moved around the Sun

Question: What book was printed by Isaac Newton in 1687?
Answer: Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica

Question: The Age of Reason made way for which movement?
Answer: Age of Enlightenment

Question: What event is considered to be the start of political modernity?
Answer: the French Revolution of 1789

Question: What book did Denis Diderot write?
Answer: Encyclopédie

Question: Which movement took place during the 19th century?
Answer: The Romantic Movement

Question: What theory did Darwin introduce?
Answer: theory of evolution

Question: Which physics subject was affected by The Romantic Movement?
Answer: electromagnetism

Question: What caused Romanticism to end?
Answer: Positivism

Question: What year did Positivism end?
Answer: 1880

Question: Which movement is considered to be a dividing line between ancient thought and classical physics?
Answer: The scientific revolution

Question: Who made the heliocentric model popular?
Answer: Nicolaus Copernicus

Question: Johannes Kepler created a model of what?
Answer: planetary motion

Question: What did Johannes Kepler's model suggest about the planets?
Answer: the planets follow elliptical orbits

Question: What was Galileo's nickname?
Answer: Father of Modern Physics

Question: What work was printed by Isaac Newton in 1687?
Answer: the Principia Mathematica

Question: How many theories were included within the Principia Mathematica?
Answer: two

Question: What concept did the Law of Gravitation deal with?
Answer: the fundamental force of gravity

Question: What are Maxwell's equations about?
Answer: electromagnetism

Question: What science subject explains anomalous results?
Answer: quantum theories

Question: What year did Einstein discover the theory of general relativity?
Answer: 1915

Question: Quantum theories became which subject in 1925?
Answer: quantum mechanics