Question: What were CD size "single"-style discs called that were compatible with LaserDisc players?
Answer: CD Video (CD-V) discs, and Video Single Discs (VSD)

Question: How much video content could be stored on a CD-V disk?
Answer: up to five minutes of analog LaserDisc-type video content

Question: What were CD-V's video capacities usually used for?
Answer: music video

Question: Which artist released a music video and three audio tracks on CD-V in 1989?
Answer: David Bowie

Question: What were VSDs lacking that CD-Vs included?
Answer: audio CD tracks

Question: In what areas of the world were VSDs popular?
Answer: only in Japan and other parts of Asia

Question: Were VSDs or CD-Vs all digital and also playable on DVD players?
Answer: VSDs

Question: What kind of symmetry do annelids have?
Answer: bilateral

Question: What do annelids use to move?
Answer: parapodia

Question: Which subtype of annelids includes most marine worms?
Answer: polychaetes

Question: Which subtype of annelids includes earthworms?
Answer: oligochaetes

Question: Since 1997, what are leeches seen as a subgroup of?
Answer: oligochaetes

Question: What separates many annelids' segments?
Answer: Septa

Question: Which annelids show no segmentation?
Answer: Echiura and Sipuncula

Question: What end of annelids with well-developed segmentation has muscles that act like hearts?
Answer: front

Question: What is movement by ripples called?
Answer: peristalsis

Question: What movement method do some burrowing annelids use?
Answer: turn their pharynges inside out to drag themselves

Question: How do annelids normally reproduce?
Answer: sexual reproduction

Question: What can asexual reproduction techniques help annelids do?
Answer: regenerate after severe injuries

Question: What larvae live like plankton?
Answer: trochophore

Question: What annelids are hermaphrodites?
Answer: Oligochaetes

Question: What annelids make a cocoon in a ring around themselves?
Answer: Oligochaetes

Question: How do earthworms help the soil they live in?
Answer: aeration and enriching

Question: How much of near-shore marine annelids are burrowing?
Answer: up to a third

Question: How do burrowing marine annelids help ocean ecosystems?
Answer: enabling water and oxygen to penetrate the sea floor

Question: What annelids' jaws are being studied by engineers?
Answer: Ragworms

Question: Why are some leeches endangered?
Answer: they have been over-harvested

Question: Why are annelid fossils rare?
Answer: annelids are soft-bodied

Question: What fossil signs of annelids are found?
Answer: jaws and the mineralized tubes that some of the species secreted

Question: How old is the earliest annelid fossil?
Answer: 518 million years ago

Question: What types of annelids appeared 299 million years ago?
Answer: modern mobile polychaete groups

Question: What period started around 472 million years ago?
Answer: the mid Ordovician

Question: What externally divides annelids' segments?
Answer: shallow ring-like constrictions called annuli

Question: What divides annelids' segments internally?
Answer: septa ("partitions")

Question: What do the segments of an annelid share?
Answer: a common gut, circulatory system and nervous system

Question: What covers an annelid's exterior?
Answer: a cuticle

Question: What is an annelid's cuticle made of?
Answer: collagen

Question: What language does the term 'chaetae' come from?
Answer: Greek

Question: What does 'chaetae' mean?
Answer: hair

Question: Which parts of annelids are different from true segments?
Answer: the frontmost and rearmost sections

Question: What language does 'prostomium' come from?
Answer: Greek

Question: What does 'pygidium' mean?
Answer: little tail

Question: How are the layers arranged in annelids' cuticles?
Answer: spiral in alternating directions

Question: What are annelids' cuticles made out of?
Answer: collagen fibers

Question: What do non-cuticle annelids use to protect their skin?
Answer: mucus-secreting glands in the epidermis

Question: What layer is under the epidermis?
Answer: the dermis

Question: What does 'coelom' mean?
Answer: (body cavity

Question: What are parapodia?
Answer: limbs

Question: What do chetoblast cells do?
Answer: hair-forming

Question: What hair-like extensions do chetoblasts make?
Answer: microvilli

Question: What are setae?
Answer: bristles

Question: What are cirri?
Answer: fused bundles of cilia

Question: What kind of parapodia do burrowing annelids often have?
Answer: ridges whose tips bear hooked chetae

Question: What type of annelids have limb-like parapodia?
Answer: polychaetes

Question: What are parapodia?
Answer: unjointed paired extensions of the body wall

Question: What are ganglia?
Answer: local control centers

Question: What is an annelid's brain in a ring around?
Answer: the pharynx

Question: What is a pharynx?
Answer: throat

Question: Where are clitellates' brains?
Answer: in the peristomium or sometimes the first segment behind the peristomium

Question: Where are polychaetes' brains?
Answer: in the prostomium

Question: What species group are annelids' muscle control similar to?
Answer: arthropods

Question: What are giant axons?
Answer: the output signal lines of nerve cells

Question: How do annelids withdraw from danger?
Answer: shortening their bodies

Question: What kind of things can annelids' sensors detect?
Answer: light, chemicals, pressure waves and contact

Question: What does 'nuchal' mean?
Answer: on the neck

Question: What type of annelids have nuchal organs?
Answer: polychaetes

Question: What are the nuchal organs thought to do?
Answer: chemosensors

Question: What term means 'little eyes'?
Answer: ocelli

Question: What are coelomata?
Answer: body cavities

Question: What are annelids' body cavities separated from other segments by?
Answer: septa

Question: What are annelids' body cavities separated from each other by?
Answer: vertical mesenteries

Question: What is the mesothelium made of?
Answer: modified epitheliomuscular cells

Question: How does peristalsis work?
Answer: waves of contraction and expansion that sweep along the body

Question: Why are annelids' segments like water-balloons?
Answer: the septa enable the circular and longitudinal muscles to change the shape of individual segments

Question: What are phrynges?
Answer: throats

Question: What are cilia?
Answer: fine muscle-powered hairs

Question: What can coelomocyte cells defend against?
Answer: parasites and infections

Question: What type of pigment is dissolved in annelids' blood?
Answer: Respiratory

Question: What runs the length of annelids' bodies with well-developed septa?
Answer: blood vessels

Question: What do annelids without septa have to use for circulation?
Answer: circulation within the coelom

Question: What type of annelids are very different from others?
Answer: leeches and their closest relatives

Question: What type of tissue takes up most of the body of a leech?
Answer: connective tissue layer of the body wall

Question: How many coelomata do leeches have?
Answer: two

Question: What lines the coelomata of leeches?
Answer: mesothelium

Question: What do leeches use to move?
Answer: suckers at their front and rear ends

Question: What does 'everted' mean?
Answer: turned inside out to extend

Question: What part of a polychaete can be everted?
Answer: pharynx

Question: What types of annelids have evolved jaws?
Answer: Eunicidae and Phyllodocidae

Question: What do annelids use jaws for?
Answer: seizing prey, biting off pieces of vegetation, or grasping dead and decaying matter

Question: What do some annelids have 'crowns' of?
Answer: palps covered in cilia

Question: What type of annelids are tube-dwelling?
Answer: Siboglinidae

Question: What blocks the Siboglinidae's gut?
Answer: a swollen lining

Question: How much of a Siboglinidae's weight is symbiotic bacteria?
Answer: 15%

Question: What gases come from hydrothermal vents?
Answer: hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide