Question: What is the Constitutional Court's power over the executive branch of Austrian government?
Answer: the review of administrative acts on whether they violate constitutionally guaranteed rights

Question: The Supreme Court of Austria is known by what German name?
Answer: Oberste Gerichtshof (OGH)

Question: What is the highest court in Brazil?
Answer: Supreme Federal Tribunal (Supremo Tribunal Federal)

Question: What are the two areas this court has supremacy over?
Answer: cases that may be unconstitutional or final habeas corpus pleads for criminal cases

Question: Which legislative bodies does this court sit in cases over?
Answer: cases involving members of congress, senators

Question: What other government officials are subject to judgments of Brazil's highest court?
Answer: ministers of state, members of the high courts and the President and Vice-President of the Republic

Question: What is Brazil's high court for labor law?
Answer: The Superior Labour Tribunal (Tribunal Superior do Trabalho)

Question: What is Germany's constitution called?
Answer: the Grundgesetz

Question: What German high court has the responsibility for interpreting this document?
Answer: Bundesverfassungsgericht

Question: The english translation of this court and its duties is what?
Answer: Federal Constitutional Court

Question: What unique electoral power does this German high court possess?
Answer: the power and authority to outlaw political parties

Question: Under what circumstances may the court enact this responsibility?
Answer: it is deemed that these parties have repeatedly violated articles of the Constitution

Question: The German high court has jurisdiction over what two areas of law?
Answer: civil and criminal cases

Question: What court has supremacy for matters of social security?
Answer: Bundessozialgericht

Question: What court sits in supremacy for cases related to employment and labor law in Germany?
Answer: Bundesarbeitsgericht

Question: Germany's Joint Senate of the Supreme Courts is also known by what name?
Answer: Gemeinsamer Senat der Obersten Gerichtshöfe

Question: Decisions of the Dutch Supreme Court are called what?
Answer: arresten

Question: The Supreme Court of the Netherlands cannot interpret what?
Answer: legislation against the constitution

Question: What areas of interpretative oversight does the supreme court have?
Answer: legislation against some treaties

Question: Holland's regular court system does not handle cases related to what area of law?
Answer: administrative law

Question: The high court for administrative law is also known as what?
Answer: Council of State (Raad van State)

Question: What type of legal system is the Philippines officially?
Answer: a civil law nation

Question: The high court in The Philippines is modeled after what judicial body?
Answer: the American Supreme Court

Question: What document grants the Philippines Supreme Court the right of judicial review?
Answer: 1987 Philippine Constitution

Question: How many justices make up the Philippines Supreme Court?
Answer: 1 Chief Justice and 14 Associate Justices

Question: When all judges of a court hear a case at once it is called?
Answer: en banc

Question: The Spanish Supreme Court hears all cases related to law in what areas?
Answer: private and public

Question: What types of cases can be appealed to Spain's Constitutional Court?
Answer: those cases related to human rights

Question: What is the other power of this latter court?
Answer: decides about acts accordance with Spanish Constitution

Question: High courts in Spain do not establish what for lower court rulings?
Answer: binding precedents

Question: In practicality, how do lower courts typically view the rulings of higher courts?
Answer: lower rank courts usually observe Supreme Court interpretations

Question: Sweden's two high courts are what?
Answer: the Supreme Court and the Supreme Administrative Court

Question: What is a type of case heard by the Supreme Administrative Court?
Answer: cases concerning disputes between individuals and administrative organs

Question: The Supreme Court hears what?
Answer: all other cases

Question: How are judges placed on Sweden's high courts?
Answer: appointed by the Government

Question: The ability to appeal a case provided by Sweden's court system is called what?
Answer: prövningstillstånd

Question: When was the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka created?
Answer: 1972

Question: The Sri Lankan Supreme Court's decisions override what?
Answer: all lower Courts

Question: Sri Lankan law mixes what two categories of jurisprudence?
Answer: common-law and civil-law

Question: What majority is necessary in the Sri Lankan Parliament to dismiss a president and the Court?
Answer: 2/3

Question: South Africa used what type of system to determine it's high courts until 2013?
Answer: "two apex"

Question: When was the Supreme Court of Appeal created?
Answer: 1994

Question: What court in South Africa has authority over the SCA?
Answer: the Constitutional Court

Question: When did the Constitutional Court become the highest court in South Africa in all matters?
Answer: August 2013

Question: What nation's model gives the power of the high court to the legistlature?
Answer: Soviet Union

Question: What is the name of China's high court which sits as a legislative committee?
Answer: Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPCSC)

Question: Current decisions by the NPCSC do not affect what?
Answer: cases which have already been decided

Question: Hong Kong's legal system was traditionally based on what?
Answer: common law

Question: Macau's legal system comes from what tradition?
Answer: Portuguese-based legal system

Question: What type of documents does a textual critic usually analyze?
Answer: a manuscript copy, several or many copies, but not the original document

Question: What is the goal of the textual critic?
Answer: the production of a "critical edition" containing a scholarly curated text.

Question: What is the proper name for textual scholarship?
Answer: philology

Question: Why are there differences in ancient copies of the same text?
Answer: Ancient scribes made alterations when copying manuscripts by hand

Question: What do textual critics call a revised edition of a text?
Answer: recensions

Question: Interest in an analysis of what text has arose in the early 1970's?
Answer: Qur'an

Question: Why are scholars concerned with analysis of the Gospels over the letters?
Answer: biblical books that are letters, like Greek plays, presumably had one original

Question: Why is it important for textual critics to analyze the Gospels?
Answer: the question of whether some biblical books, like the Gospels, ever had just one original has been discussed

Question: What manuscripts prompted a textual analysis of the Qur'an
Answer: Sana'a manuscripts

Question: When were the Sana'a manuscripts probably written?
Answer: possibly date back to the 7–8th centuries.

Question: What is one reasons Shakespeare is a good place to focus on textual criticism?
Answer: the texts, as transmitted, contain a considerable amount of variation,

Question: Name two of the oldest civilizations that textual criticism has focused on.
Answer: Mesopotamia and Egypt

Question: Why is there opposition to textual criticism of Jewish and Muslim religious books?
Answer: is, to the devout, taboo.

Question: Aside from Shakespeare, what is another book that is a major focus of textual criticism?
Answer: Bible

Question: Over approximately what expanse of time can textual criticism be applied to written works?
Answer: a period of about five millennia

Question: What is the first goal when attempting to analyze a new text?
Answer: identification of the first exemplar

Question: Why is finding the first exemplar important in textual criticism?
Answer: split in the tradition

Question: The exemplar is otherwise known as what?
Answer: the archetype