Question: Which scientist noticed the relationship between the speed and distance of galaxies?
Answer: Edwin Hubble

Question: Edwin Hubble's discovery about galaxies allowed for which theory by Georges Lemaitre?
Answer: the Big Bang theory

Question: Who discovered nuclear fission?
Answer: Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann

Question: Who edited the first paper about nuclear fission?
Answer: Niels Bohr and John A. Wheeler

Question: What event was going on during the creation of the atomic bomb?
Answer: World War II

Question: The atomic bomb was a part of which movement?
Answer: Big Science

Question: What is the problem with general relativity and quantum mechanics?
Answer: inconsistent with each other

Question: When did modern chemistry come into existence?
Answer: the sixteenth through the eighteenth centuries

Question: Who decided that chemistry and alchemy were different?
Answer: Robert Boyle

Question: What book was written by Robert Boyle in 1661?
Answer: The Sceptical Chymist

Question: What was Antoine Lavoisier's nickname?
Answer: Father of Modern Chemistry

Question: Which theory did the law of conservation of mass disagree with?
Answer: phlogiston theory

Question: What scientific act is Friedrich Wohler known for?
Answer: The synthesis of urea

Question: What scientific field did Wohler discover?
Answer: organic chemistry

Question: Late 19th century is marked by what event?
Answer: the exploitation of the Earth's petrochemicals

Question: Mixing organic chemistry with living organisms created what early form of biochemistry?
Answer: physiological chemistry

Question: Who wrote The Nature of the Chemical Bond?
Answer: Linus Pauling

Question: What was the work of Theophrastus on rocks called?
Answer: Peri lithōn

Question: When were Theophrastus' ideas about fossils proven false?
Answer: the Scientific Revolution

Question: When did Shen Kua live?
Answer: 1031–1095

Question: What science did Shen Kua observe?
Answer: land formation

Question: What happened to geology during the Scientific Revolution?
Answer: individual theorists made important contributions

Question: What did Robert Hooke study?
Answer: earthquakes

Question: What theory did Nicholas Steno discover?
Answer: the theory of superposition

Question: What book did Thomas Burnet right in 1681?
Answer: Sacred Theory of the Earth

Question: What text did Burnet base his work off of?
Answer: the Bible

Question: How old did biblical scholars think the Earth was?
Answer: 6,000 years

Question: Jean-Etienne Guettard and NIcolas Desmarest went to France and recorded what?
Answer: the first geological maps

Question: In the 18th century, what changed geology drastically?
Answer: comprehensive classification systems for rocks and minerals

Question: What are used to create geological maps?
Answer: index fossils

Question: What geological theory was applied to the Paris Basin?
Answer: layers of rock could be dated by the fossils they contained

Question: What changed about the way geology was implemented during the 19th century?
Answer: shifted from description and classification to attempts to understand how the surface of the Earth had changed

Question: The idea of an ice-age that completely covered a continent was suggested by whom?
Answer: Louis Agassiz

Question: What group did Andrew Crombie Ramsay belong to?
Answer: fluvialists

Question: What did Ramsay believe about river valleys?
Answer: were formed, over millions of years by the rivers that flow through them

Question: What happened after radioactivity was realized?
Answer: radiometric dating methods were developed

Question: What was Ignac Fulop Semmelweis' profession?
Answer: physician

Question: How did Semmelweis reduce puerperal fever?
Answer: requiring physicians to wash their hands

Question: What came after the realization that physicians should was their hands before childbirth?
Answer: the germ theory of disease

Question: What did Joseph Lister prove?
Answer: antisepsis

Question: Who did Joseph Lister base his work off of?
Answer: Louis Pasteur

Question: Which scientist championed the idea of evolution?
Answer: Charles Darwin

Question: What was the name of the book that Darwin wrote about evolution?
Answer: On the Origin of Species

Question: What was the reception of Darwin's ideas about evolution?
Answer: both opposition and support from different parts of society

Question: Who rediscovered the laws of inheritance?
Answer: Moravian monk Gregor Mendel

Question: What was the major break through for the study of genetics?
Answer: the basic structure of DNA

Question: The discipline of ecology is a combination of what two subjects?
Answer: Darwinian evolution and Humboldtian biogeography

Question: What did the work of Louis Pasteur and Ferdinand Cohn focus on?
Answer: the cycle of life concept

Question: Who came up with the word "ecology"?
Answer: Ernst Haeckel

Question: When was the Gaia hypothesis discovered?
Answer: in the 1960s

Question: What movement occurred during the 1970s?
Answer: Deep Ecology

Question: What larger group does political science belong to?
Answer: social sciences

Question: Where did the ideas of political science begin?
Answer: prehistory

Question: In history, where could you find someone studying politics?
Answer: in almost every geographic area

Question: Where did studying politics originate?
Answer: Ancient Greece

Question: What did Plato study?
Answer: political systems

Question: What method did Plato use to understand political systems?
Answer: philosophy

Question: What did Aristotle add to Plato's work?
Answer: historical empirical evidence

Question: Who are Kautilya and Vishnugupta usually grouped with?
Answer: Chāṇakya

Question: What did the Arthasastra say a king must use?
Answer: brutal measures

Question: When was Chanakya alive?
Answer: 350–-283 BCE

Question: What allowed political studies to spread?
Answer: the fall of the Western Roman Empire

Question: What new idea caused politics to cover a larger spectrum?
Answer: monotheism

Question: Where did politics touch in the Middle Ages?
Answer: churches and courts

Question: Who wrote The City of God?
Answer: Augustine of Hippo

Question: What did The City of God change?
Answer: the borders between what was religious and what was political

Question: What new subject surface at the end of the 18th century?
Answer: Historical linguistics

Question: Who realized that languages like Sanskrit, Persian, and Greek share the same foundation?
Answer: Sir William Jones

Question: What did Sir William Jones do to document his work?
Answer: catalog all languages of the world

Question: What did Noam Chomsky add to the study of linguistics?
Answer: the development of generative linguistics

Question: What method did Chomsky use to develop generative linguistics?
Answer: a mathematical model of language

Question: Who wrote An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations?
Answer: Adam Smith

Question: What did Adam Smith's work cover?
Answer: The basis for classical economics

Question: What idea did Adam Smith disagree with?
Answer: mercantilism

Question: What idea did Adam Smith propose?
Answer: an "invisible hand"

Question: Who is Marxian economics named after?
Answer: Karl Marx

Question: What did John Maynard Keynes want to separate?
Answer: microeconomics and macroeconomics

Question: What concept did Milton Friedman propose after World War II?
Answer: monetarism

Question: How did monaterism aim to control the economy?
Answer: using the supply and demand of money

Question: In the 1970s, what did monaterism turn into?
Answer: supply-side economics

Question: How did supply-side economics try to increase the amount of money in the market?
Answer: reducing taxes

Question: When was Wealth of Nations written?
Answer: 1776

Question: How present was Smith's invisible hand intended to be?
Answer: frequently

Question: What happens in a market when there is competition?
Answer: lower prices