Question: What happened to Russia's subdivision of government? 
Answer: changed towards a generally autonomous model

Question: When was Russia's subdivision liberalized?
Answer: in the aftermath of the Soviet Union

Question: Who was in charge when the reforms was going on? 
Answer: Boris Yeltsin

Question: Who scaled back some reforms from Yeltsin? 
Answer: Vladimir Putin

Question: What is federalism in the United States?
Answer: ederalism in the United States is the evolving relationship between state governments and the federal government of the United States

Question: How has the American government evolved?
Answer: American government has evolved from a system of dual federalism to one of associative federalism.

Question: What happened in Federalist No.46?
Answer: James Madison asserted that the states and national government

Question: What happened in Federalist No. 28
Answer: "Federalist No. 28," suggested that both levels of government would exercise authority to the citizens' benefit

Question: Why did the constitution didn't have to explain federalism? 
Answer: Because the states were preexisting political entities

Question: What is another word for express powers? 
Answer: enumerated powers

Question: Where can we find express powers?
Answer: in the Constitution

Question: What does the Necessary and Proper Clause do? 
Answer: gives the federal government the implied power to pass any law "necessary and proper" for the execution of its express powers

Question: What are the expressed powers? 
Answer: the right to levy taxes, declare war, and regulate interstate and foreign commerce.

Question: What was the federalist party of the United States opposed to?
Answer: Democratic-Republicans

Question: What did the democratic-republican party believe in?
Answer: the Legislature had too much power (mainly because of the Necessary and Proper Clause) and that they were unchecked

Question: Who decided the rights in specific cases?
Answer: the judicial system of courts

Question: What is the meaning of federalism?
Answer: as a political movement, and of what constitutes a 'federalist', varies with country and historical context

Question: What types of movements are associated with federalism?
Answer: Movements associated with the establishment or development of federations can exhibit either centralising or decentralising trends.

Question: What countries advocate for a strong central government?
Answer: United States and Australia

Question: What happened between 1938 to 1995?
Answer: the U.S. Supreme Court did not invalidate any federal statute as exceeding Congress' power under the Commerce Clause.

Question: What are most actions in the federal government known as?
Answer: Commerce Clause

Question: What did the court reject in 1995?
Answer: the Supreme Court rejected the Gun-Free School Zones Act in the Lopez decision

Question: What did the court reject in 1994?
Answer: rejected the civil remedy portion of the Violence Against Women Act

Question: What does the commerce clause include?
Answer: include marijuana laws in the Gonzales v. Raich decision

Question: How many components does the Belgian political landscape include?
Answer: two components

Question: What are the two components in the Belgian political landscape?
Answer: the Dutch-speaking population represented by Dutch-language political parties, and the majority populations of Wallonia and Brussels

Question: What component is the Brussel Region?
Answer: third component

Question: What happens with the Brussels special position?
Answer: consequently has a number of political issues

Question: The US Constitution says what to amendments? 
Answer: provides that no state may be deprived of equal representation in the senate without its consent

Question: What happens when certain constitutional amendments cannot occur?
Answer: cannot occur without the unanimous consent of all states or of a particular state

Question: Any amendment in the Canadian constitution that needs to be modified, needs to do what first?
Answer: would require unanimous consent of the provinces.

Question: What is the German basic law?
Answer: provides that no amendment is admissible at all that would abolish the federal system.

Question: What does every component state of federation possess?
Answer: the same powers

Question: Asymmetric federalism exist when?
Answer: where states are granted different powers, or some possess greater autonomy than others do

Question: What cities in Spain are in the historic movement?
Answer: Basques and Catalans, as well as the Galicians

Question: Is Spain apart of federalism?
Answer: Spain is not a federalism, but a decentralized administrative organization of the state.

Question: What does federations have for amendments of the constitution? 
Answer: special procedures

Question: What may guarantee the self-governing status of the competent states?
Answer: federal structure

Question: What needs to be done in order to amend the Australia and Switzerland Constitution?
Answer: required that a proposal be endorsed not just by an overall majority of the electorate in the nation as a whole

Question: What does the structures of the federal government incorporate?
Answer: mechanisms to protect the rights of component states

Question: What is one method to protect the rights of the component states?
Answer: intrastate federalism

Question: What is intrastate federalism?
Answer: is to directly represent the governments of component states in federal political institutions

Question: What is a bicameral legislature?
Answer: the upper house is often used to represent the component states while the lower house represents the people of the nation as a whole

Question: What does federations often employ?
Answer: union of states

Question: What is federalist paper no. 39?
Answer: that the US Constitution "is in strictness neither a national nor a federal constitution; but a composition of both

Question: What is the foundation for federalist paper no. 39?
Answer: it is federal, not national; in the sources from which the ordinary powers of the Government are drawn, it is partly federal, and partly national..

Question: What is the 10th Amendment in the United States?
Answer: which reserves all powers and rights that are not delegated to the Federal Government as left to the States and to the people.

Question: When is a federation formed?
Answer: two levels

Question: What two levels equal a federation?
Answer: the central government and the regions

Question: Why is Brazil an exception?
Answer: because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite

Question: What is each state divided into?
Answer: municipalities

Question: What does each state have their own of?
Answer: with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito

Question: China is the largest what?
Answer: China is the largest unitary state in the world by both population and land area

Question: What are Chinese nationalist suspicious of?
Answer: decentralization

Question: Why is China's government similar to unity structure?
Answer: Chinese government is far too unwieldy to effectively and equitably manage the country's affairs

Question: How long has China been with centralized power?
Answer: centuries

Question: What type of state is the Philippines?
Answer: unitary state

Question: What types of powers does the Philippines have?
Answer: some powers devolved to Local Government Units (LGUs) under the terms of the Local Government Code

Question: What type of modifications been added to the Philippines Constitution? 
Answer: possible transition to a federal system as part of a shift to a parliamentary system.

Question: What did President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo establish?
Answer: the Consultative Commission

Question: What type of state is Spain?
Answer: unitary state