Question: renaissance humanism was antagonistic to what?
Answer: scholasticism

Question: What did renaissance humanism place an emphasis on?
Answer: accumulated commentaries

Question: What was the basis of the quarrel between the Ancients and the moderns?
Answer: literary and artistic

Question: In what time period did the quarrel between the Ancients and the Moderns peak?
Answer: early 1690s

Question: Moderns support the merits of whom?
Answer: authors of the century of Louis XIV. Fontenelle

Question: What did Louis XIV believe about the modern man?
Answer: modern scholarship allowed modern man to surpass the ancients in knowledge.

Question: What did the Scientific Revolution cause?
Answer: a transition to modern science

Question: What s the Scientific Revolution?
Answer: a period when European ideas in classical physics, astronomy, biology, human anatomy, chemistry, and other classical sciences were rejected

Question: What did Scientific Revolution form?
Answer: several modern scientific fields.

Question: What did the Scientific Revolution force people to do?
Answer: question all manners of things

Question: What happened to the king after the trial?
Answer: execution of the king

Question: Who else was involved in the warfare?
Answer: every other major European power.

Question: name an event that can be contributed to the revolution.
Answer: the Napoleonic Wars

Question: What characterized the Napoleonic Era?
Answer: The campaigns of French Emperor and General Napoleon Bonaparte

Question: Where was Napoleon Bonaparte born?
Answer: Corsica

Question: Where was Napoleon Bonaparte die? 
Answer: St. Helena

Question: Why were Europe's Empires and Kingdoms dispatched?
Answer: surge of Republicanism

Question: From where did the French empire rule a large portion of Europe?
Answer: Paris

Question: What is Italian Unification?
Answer: social movement that annexed different states of the Italian peninsula into the single state of Italy

Question: When did the Italian Unification occur?
Answer: in the 19th century

Question: In what year do most  Scholars agree the Italian Unification ended?
Answer: 1871

Question: In what year do most  Scholars agree the Italian Unification began?
Answer: 1815

Question: After what event did the last citta irredente join Italy?
Answer: World War I.

Question: What event did the American revolution cause?
Answer: British monarchy itself to become the sovereign United States of America.

Question: How did the Thirteen Colonies become The United States Of America?
Answer: overthrow the governance of the Parliament of Great Britain, and then reject the British monarchy

Question: Why did the United States form independent states?
Answer: the colonies first rejected the authority of the Parliament to govern them without representation

Question: Who did the Second Continental Congress join together against?
Answer: the British

Question: What is the armed conflict form 1775 to 1783 is known as?
Answer: American Revolutionary War

Question: Where did the American Revolution start?
Answer: Lexington and Concord

Question: What was issued on July 4, 1776?
Answer: Declaration of Independence

Question: What did the Declaration Of Independence proclaim?
Answer: independence from Great Britain and their formation of a cooperative union.

Question: What position was Ben Franklin appointed in 1776?
Answer: member of the Committee of Five that drafted the Declaration of Independence.

Question: What was Ben Franklin disabled by? 
Answer: gout

Question: What is the decolonization of the Americas? 
Answer: the process by which the countries in the Americas gained their independence from European rule.

Question: When did the decolonization of the Americas begin?
Answer: 18th and early-to-mid-19th centuries.

Question: What were the Spanish wars directly linked to?
Answer: Napoleonic French invasion of Spain.

Question: When did the wars against Spanish rule occur?
Answer: 1808 until 1829

Question: How did the Spanish conflict begin?
Answer: short-lived governing juntas established in Chuquisaca and Quito opposing the composition of the Supreme Central Junta of Seville.

Question: Who did the central Junta fall to?
Answer: the French

Question: What king died in 1833?
Answer: king Ferdinand VII

Question: After King Ferdinand died, who remained under Spanish rule?
Answer: Cuba and Puerto Rico

Question: When did the Spanish-American war occur?
Answer: in 1898

Question: Where were the Portuguese capacities centralized? 
Answer: Salvador

Question: When did the first industrial revolution merge into the second? 
Answer: around 1850

Question: The 19th century was also known as? 
Answer: the internal combustion engine and electric power generation.

Question: What was the second industrial revolution was labeled?
Answer: separate Technical Revolution

Question: What caused technological and economical progress?
Answer: development of steam-powered ships and railways

Question: What is industrialization? 
Answer: social and economic change

Question: industrialization is a subdivision of what general process?
Answer: technological innovation

Question: During industrialization a human group is turned into what?
Answer: from a pre-industrial society into an industrial one.

Question: When did the modern petroleum industry start? 
Answer: 1846

Question: What started the modern petroleum industry ?
Answer: the discovery of the process of refining kerosene from coal

Question: Who discovered the process of refining kerosene from coal?
Answer: Nova Scotian Abraham Pineo Gesner

Question: Who improved Gesner's  of refining kerosene from coal?
Answer: Ignacy Łukasiewicz

Question: Where was the first Rock Oil mine built?
Answer: Bóbrka

Question: In what fields did achievements occur during the revolution?
Answer: electrification to developments in materials science.

Question: What did the advancements during the revolution improve for people?
Answer: quality of life

Question: What did Lewis Paul invent?
Answer: roller spinning, the basis of the water frame for spinning cotton in a cotton mill.

Question: In what period did James Lewis invent the 'Roller Spinning"?
Answer: the first revolution

Question: Who improved the steam engine?
Answer: Matthew Boulton and James Watt

Question: Thomas Edison is credited with?
Answer: the creation of the first industrial research laboratory

Question: How many volts did Thomas Edison's electrical supply provide?
Answer: 110 volts

Question: What Did Thomas Edison switch to in 1882?
Answer: the world's first large-scale electrical supply network

Question: How many customers were supplied by Thomas Edison's electrical supply network?
Answer: fifty-nine

Question: Where was Thomas Edison's electrical supply network located?
Answer: lower Manhattan

Question: When did the European revolutions occur?
Answer: 1848

Question: How many people were estimated to be killed in the revolutions? 
Answer: tens of thousands

Question: What are European revolutions known as in other countries?
Answer: Spring of Nations or the Year of Revolution

Question: In what country did the revolutions begin?
Answer: France

Question: What did the reformers look to to solve social problems?
Answer: Scientific Revolution and industrial progress

Question: What is Newton Natural philosophy?
Answer: a coherent system of verifiable predictions

Question: What did Newton's Nataural philosophy replace?
Answer: reliance on revelation and inspired truth.

Question: What did Newton's philosophy do when applied to life, 
Answer: yielded several successful campaigns for changes in social policy.

Question: Under whom was Russia declared an empire?
Answer: Peter I

Question: In what year was Russia declared an empire?
Answer: 1721

Question: Through what period did Peter I rule?
Answer: 1682 to 1725

Question: Who did Peter I defeat in the Great Northern War?
Answer: Sweden