Question: What is Antarctica's annual precipitation along the coast?
Answer: 200 mm (8 in)

Question: What is Antarctica's average temperature during the coldest part of the year?
Answer: −63 °C (−81 °F)

Question: Approximately how many people live throughout the year at research stations across Antarctica?
Answer: anywhere from 1,000 to 5,000

Question: What are some animals native to Antarctica?
Answer: mites, nematodes, penguins, seals and tardigrades

Question: Which continent is the highest in elevation?
Answer: Antarctica

Question: What is the annual precipitation rate of coastal Antarctica?
Answer: 200 mm

Question: What is the average coldest temperature?
Answer: −63 °C

Question: What is the coldest recorded temperature?
Answer: −89.2 °C

Question: Ehat is the vegetation type on Antarctica? 
Answer: tundra

Question: What does West Antarctica most resemble geologically?
Answer: the Andes mountain range of South America

Question: How was the Antarctic Peninsula formed?
Answer: by uplift and metamorphism of sea bed sediments

Question: During what eras was the Antarctic Peninsula formed?
Answer: late Paleozoic and the early Mesozoic

Question: What are the most common rocks found in West Antarctica?
Answer: andesite and rhyolite volcanics

Question: Where has evidence of volcanic activity been discovered in Antarctica?
Answer: Marie Byrd Land and Alexander Island

Question: To what mountainous area is Antarctica geologically similar?
Answer: Andes

Question: An uplift of what formed Antarctica?
Answer: sea bed sediments

Question: Starting from the late Paleozoic era, when did Antarctica finish forming?
Answer: early Mesozoic

Question: What are the most often found rocks in Antarctica?
Answer: andesite and rhyolite

Question: What type of geologic activity occurred even after the formation of the ice sheets?
Answer: volcanic

Question: What country was given the name Terra Australis instead of Antarctica?
Answer: Australia

Question: Who was credited with popularizing the use of name Terra Australis to Australia?
Answer: Explorer Matthew Flinders

Question: In what year did Matthew Flinders write his book A Voyage to Terra Australis?
Answer: 1814

Question: What did people once believe could not be found further south than Australia?
Answer: significant landmass

Question: What explorer gave the name of Terra Australis to Australia?
Answer: Matthew Flinders

Question: What was the name of Flinders book about his trip to Australia?
Answer: A Voyage to Terra Australis

Question: When did Flinders write his book of discovery?
Answer: 1814

Question: What event caused people to misname Antarctica?
Answer: mistake

Question: Part of what study is the census of Antarctic marine life?
Answer: Census of Marine Life

Question: When was the census of sea life carried out in Antarctica?
Answer: International Polar Year

Question: How many sea animals live in Earth's polar regions?
Answer: 235

Question: Besides birds, what large animals travel from one pole to the other?
Answer: cetaceans

Question: What is the amount of difference in temperature  in the deep ocean?
Answer: 5 °C

Question: What explorer led the Nimrod Expedition into Antarctica?
Answer: Ernest Shackleton

Question: Who led the party to first climb Mount Erebus?
Answer: Edgeworth David

Question: Who led the return expedition to find the Magnetic pole?
Answer: Douglas Mawson

Question: When did Mawson retire after leading several expeditions?
Answer: 1931

Question: When did Roald Amundsen reach the geographic south pole?
Answer: 14 December 1911

Question: When was the Antarctic Conservation Act passed by the U.S.?
Answer: 1978

Question: What type of penalty can importing plants and animals into Antarctica bring?
Answer: criminal

Question: How many tonnes of Patagonian toothfish were illegally fished in 2000?
Answer: 32,000

Question: When did the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources  come into force?
Answer: 1980

Question: Over fishing of which species of fish helped promote regulations on fishing?
Answer: krill

Question: Since what year has tourism been ongoing to Antarctica?
Answer: 1957

Question: What is expedition tourism to Antarctica subject to?
Answer: Antarctic Treaty and Environmental Protocol

Question: How many of the Antarctic tour operators belong to IAATO?
Answer: 95%

Question: What is the mode of travel for Antarctic tours?
Answer: small or medium ship

Question: How many tourists went to Antarctica during the 2006-07 season?
Answer: 37,506

Question: What is the main mineral found on Antarctica?
Answer: coal

Question: Where was coal first found on Antarctica?
Answer: Beardmore Glacier

Question: What expedition discovered coal on Antarctica?
Answer: Nimrod Expedition

Question: Where is iron ore found on Antarctica?
Answer: Prince Charles Mountains

Question: Where are oil and gas deposits located near Antarctica?
Answer: Ross Sea

Question: What type of research was Princess Elizabeth station built to study?
Answer: climate change

Question: How much did the Princess Elizabeth station cost?
Answer: $16.3 million

Question: What unique characteristic does the Princess Elizabeth station feature?
Answer: zero-emissions

Question: From what country was the Princess Elizabeth station shipped?
Answer: Belgium

Question: Who is the leader of the station design team?
Answer: Johan Berte

Question: What type of ice originates on land and floats out to sea?
Answer: floating ice shelves

Question: What events have occurred in recent decades to the ice shelves surrounding Antarctica?
Answer: collapses

Question: Along what area has there been more collapsing ice shelves?
Answer: Antarctic Peninsula

Question: What could the displacement of ice cause?
Answer: glacial outflow

Question: What weather event would offset loss of ice shelves?
Answer: snow falling

Question: What can not grow extensively in Antarctica?
Answer: vegetation

Question: What does the climate of Antarctica inhibit?
Answer: plant growth

Question: hat is low and limited in Antarctica?
Answer: diversity of plant life

Question: How many species of Mosses are there in Antarctica?
Answer: 100

Question: Since what year have claims been suspended in Antarctica?
Answer: 1959

Question: What document regulates Antarctica's status?
Answer: Antarctic Treaty System

Question: What latitude is defined as being Antarctica's border?
Answer: south of 60° S

Question: How many countries signed the treaty protecting Antarctica from claims?
Answer: twelve

Question: What does the treaty set Antarctica aside as?
Answer: scientific preserve

Question: When did Cook's ships cross the Antarctic circle?
Answer: 17 January 1773

Question: What kept Captain Cook from getting too close to Antarctica?
Answer: field ice

Question: How many men sighted Antarctica in 1820?
Answer: three

Question: How close did von Bellingshausen and Lazarev come to Antarctica?
Answer: 32 km

Question: When was the first recorded landing on Antarctica?
Answer: 1895

Question: What has been an important atmospheric study since the 1970s?
Answer: ozone layer

Question: When did scientists discover the hole in the ozone layer?
Answer: 1985

Question: Where in Antarctica is Halley Station?
Answer: Brunt Ice Shelf

Question: What chemical was discovered to have caused the hole in the ozone?
Answer: chlorofluorocarbons

Question: What agreement banned the use of CFC s?
Answer: Montreal Protocol

Question: What type of climate did Gondwana have during the Cambrian period?
Answer: mild

Question: In what hemisphere did west Antarctica share during the Cambrian?
Answer: Northern

Question: Where was east Antarctica during the Cambrian period?
Answer: equator

Question: What was the climate of Gondwana at the beginning of the Devonian period?
Answer: cooler

Question: Where was Gondwana located by the end of the Devonian period?
Answer: South Pole

Question: What is the Earth's most southern continent?
Answer: Antarctica