Question: What sort of idealist did Hegel define himself as?
Answer: Absolute

Question: How did Hegel believe historical reality to be knowable to a philosopher?
Answer: exercise of reason and intellect

Question: When was Science of Logic written?
Answer: 1812–1814

Question: Who was the author of Science of Logic?
Answer: Hegel

Question: Why did Hegel believe natural things are less real than spiritual things?
Answer: less self-determining

Question: Along with God and morally responsible people, what is an example of a spiritual thing to Hegel?
Answer: ethical communities

Question: What is an example of a school of thought Hegel believed to be wrong?
Answer: materialism

Question: In Hegel's thought, what inner reality is possessed by both subject and object?
Answer: Spirit

Question: What is another term for Hegel's "subject"?
Answer: any human observer

Question: What does Spirit turn into when a person arrives at self-realization?
Answer: Absolute Spirit

Question: What does Hegel mean by "object"?
Answer: any external entity

Question: Who did Tucker argue that Hegel's philosophy involved the worship of?
Answer: self

Question: Who was a notable critic of Hegel?
Answer: Kierkegaard

Question: For whom did Kierkegaard argue reality cannot be a system?
Answer: human

Question: According to Kierkegaard, why can't reality be a system for human beings?
Answer: humans are incomplete

Question: Even though Kierkegaard does not believe in the possibility of an existential system of reality, what sort of system can exist?
Answer: logical

Question: Who wrote Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences?
Answer: Hegel

Question: When was Phenomenology of Spirit published?
Answer: 1807

Question: What trait did Climacus believe that Hegel suppressed?
Answer: individuality

Question: Whose will did Hegel believe should prevail over that of the individual?
Answer: State

Question: What conception of right and wrong did Climacus believe Hegel endorsed?
Answer: bourgeois

Question: What sort of reality did Hegel perceive God's mind to be?
Answer: ultimate

Question: Along with Hegel, who also argued for human incompleteness?
Answer: Kierkegaard

Question: According to Hegel, what form does thought necessarily take?
Answer: abstraction

Question: Why does Hegel believe we cannot know God?
Answer: we are finite beings

Question: If something transcends time, what does it, according to Hegel, also transcend?
Answer: human understanding

Question: Who wrote The Refutation of Idealism?
Answer: Moore

Question: In his rejection of idealism, whose thought did Moore attack?
Answer: Bradley

Question: Who originated the saying 'esse est percipi'?
Answer: Berkeley

Question: Who is a notable exponent of pluralistic idealism?
Answer: Gottfried Leibniz

Question: What is the term for the type of idealism preached by Leibniz?
Answer: Panpsychism

Question: What did Leibniz believe the universe is fundamentally composed of?
Answer: monads

Question: Who was a notable disciple of Leibniz?
Answer: James Ward

Question: What does Ward see as the purpose of interaction between monads?
Answer: self- betterment

Question: Who was an exponent of so-called "Boston Personalism"?
Answer: Bowne

Question: What was the term given to the personal idealism of Howison?
Answer: California Personalism

Question: Who is a notable realistic personal theist?
Answer: Saint Thomas Aquinas

Question: What issue do both Aquinas and Brightman discuss?
Answer: dependence upon an infinite personal God

Question: What sort of freedom did Howison believe was incompatible with materialism?
Answer: moral

Question: With what university is J.M.E. McTaggart affiliated?
Answer: Cambridge

Question: In what year was The Nature of Existence published?
Answer: 1927

Question: According to McTaggart, what are the only things that have real existence?
Answer: minds

Question: What does McTaggart believe space and time to be?
Answer: unreal

Question: How does McTaggart believe minds relate to one another?
Answer: love

Question: What was the name of the philosophy preached by Thomas Davidson?
Answer: apeirotheism

Question: What type of idealism was Thomas Davidson's philosophy?
Answer: pluralistic

Question: According to Davidson, how many gods are there?
Answer: infinite

Question: By whose philosophy was Davidson influenced?
Answer: Aristotle

Question: What did Davidson believe the God of Aristotle is synonymous with?
Answer: rational thought

Question: Among what twentieth century scientists was idealism popular?
Answer: physicists

Question: Along with quantum physics generally, what scientific doctrine caused some physicists to embrace idealism?
Answer: relativity

Question: In what year was the second edition of The Grammar of Science published?
Answer: 1900

Question: What did Pearson claim that science classifies?
Answer: contents of the mind

Question: Who is claimed to have been influenced by The Grammar of Science?
Answer: Einstein

Question: How do receive information from the physical world?
Answer: messages transmitted along the nerves to the seat of consciousness

Question: What type of consciousness is similar but not identical to consciousness itself?
Answer: subconsciousness

Question: What is the nature of the fundamental character of reality?
Answer: mental

Question: According to the author, who would have particular trouble in accepting that reality is fundamentally mental?
Answer: physicist

Question: What is the main thing that we experience?
Answer: mind

Question: What makes up Education?
Answer: knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits

Question: What methods make up Education?
Answer: storytelling, discussion, teaching, training, and directed research

Question: Where does education usually take place under?
Answer: the guidance of educators

Question: What occurred after the Fall of Rome with literature?
Answer: Catholic Church became the sole preserver

Question: What happened with education  during the Early Middle Ages?
Answer: church established cathedral schools

Question: What did these early schools during the Middle Ages evolve into?
Answer: medieval universities

Question: What was the name of the famous school during the high middle ages?
Answer: Chartres Cathedral School

Question: Where does formal education take place?
Answer: school environment

Question: What are some of the sets or ideals most school systems follow?
Answer: student-teacher interactions, methods of assessment, class size,

Question: Who guides the students in a formal environment?
Answer: certified teacher

Question: Whats the typical age range for pre-school?
Answer: three to seven

Question: What are pre-schools also known as?
Answer: nursery schools and as kindergarten,

Question: In what country is Kindergarten a term used for primary education?
Answer: US

Question: What is another term used for Primary education?
Answer: elementary

Question: What does primary school consist of?
Answer: first five to seven years of formal, structured education

Question: What is the name of the orgination who is striving to get all the countries on the same path with primary education?
Answer: UNESCO

Question: What does secondary education comprise of?
Answer: formal education that occurs during adolescence

Question: What two examples were given of what "postsecondary" or "higher" education?
Answer: university, vocational school

Question: When does secondary schooling typically take place?
Answer: teenage years

Question: What is the purpose of secondary education?
Answer: to prepare for higher education, or to train directly in a profession.

Question: When did secondary education emerge in the United States?
Answer: 1910

Question: Why was secondary school introduced in the U.S?
Answer: rise of large corporations and advancing technology

Question: Who benefited from secondary schools?
Answer: employers and employees