Question: Where do brent geese migrate from?
Answer: the Taymyr Peninsula

Question: Where do brent geese migrate to?
Answer: the Wadden Sea

Question: How do brent geese migrate?
Answer: via the White Sea coast and the Baltic Sea

Question: What are waders called in North America?
Answer: shorebirds

Question: Where do dunlin Calidris alpina migrate to?
Answer: warmer locations in the same hemisphere

Question: Where do semiplamated sandpiper C. pusilla migrate to?
Answer: the tropics in the Southern Hemisphere

Question: Where do western sandpiper Calidris migrate from?
Answer: Arctic breeding grounds

Question: What does successful migration depend on for some waders?
Answer: the availability of certain key food resources

Question: Where do migrants refuel?
Answer: stopover points along the migration route

Question: Where is an important stopover location?
Answer: the Bay of Fundy

Question: What is another stopover location?
Answer: Delaware Bay

Question: Which bird has the longest migration?
Answer: bar-tailed godwits

Question: How far do bar-tailed godwits travel to migrate?
Answer: 11,000 km

Question: Where do bar-tailed godwits migrate from
Answer: Alaska

Question: Where do bar-tailed godwits migrate to?
Answer: New Zealand

Question: How much of the bar-tailed godwits bodyweight is stored as fat before migration?
Answer: 55 percent

Question: Which seabird has the longest-distance migration?
Answer: The Arctic tern

Question: Which bird sees more daylight than any other during migration?
Answer: The Arctic tern

Question: How long did one Arctic tern take to migrate?
Answer: three months

Question: How far did the Arctic tern chick travel?
Answer: 22,000 km

Question: Where do tubenosed birds breed?
Answer: the southern hemisphere

Question: Which species are great wanderers?
Answer: pelagic

Question: How far did a Manx shearwater fly over it's lifespan?
Answer: 8 million km

Question: Which bird broke a record in how far it flew over it's life?
Answer: Manx shearwater

Question: How long did the Manx shearwater live?
Answer: 50 year

Question: How far will Puffinus griseus migrate each year?
Answer: 14,000 km

Question: What do some large broad-winged birds rely on to help them soar?
Answer: thermal columns of rising hot air

Question: When do large birds of pray migrate?
Answer: daytime

Question: What is one of the heaviest migratory funnels?
Answer: Batumi bottleneck

Question: How much of their body weight do honey buzzards lose during migration?
Answer: 10 to 20%

Question: How many birds funnel through Batumi, Georgia each year?
Answer: hundreds of thousands

Question: When do many insectivorous birds migrate?
Answer: usually at night

Question: Which kinds of birds land for a few days before resuming migration?
Answer: smaller insectivorous birds

Question: What are smaller insectivorous birds referred to?
Answer: passage migrants

Question: How long do passage migrants stop and feed before resuming migration?
Answer: a few days

Question: What is a benefit of nocturnal migration?
Answer: minimize predation

Question: What is a cost of nocturnal migration?
Answer: loss of sleep

Question: How do nocturnal migrants compensate for loss of sleep?
Answer: Migrants may be able to alter their quality of sleep

Question: What is another benefit of nocturnal migration?
Answer: avoid overheating

Question: What are many long distance migrants genetically programmed to do?
Answer: respond to changing day length

Question: How do species that move short distances know when to migrate?
Answer: response to local weather conditions

Question: Why do mountain and moorland breeders move only altitudinally?
Answer: to escape the cold higher ground

Question: Where do the merlin Falco columbarius migrate to?
Answer: the coast or towards the south

Question: How far do British chaffinch more in their lives?
Answer: 5 km

Question: How many evolutionary origins do short distance passerine migrants have?
Answer: two

Question: Which species have long-distance migrants in the same family?
Answer: the common chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita

Question: Why have some specied progressively shortened their return migration?
Answer: to stay in the northern hemisphere

Question: What species has no long-distance migratory relatives?
Answer: the waxwings Bombycilla

Question: What are the waxwings Bombycilla moving in response to?
Answer: winter weather and the loss of their usual winter food

Question: Why are the waxwing Bombycilla not migrating for?
Answer: enhanced breeding opportunities

Question: Where is there little variation in the length of day throughout the year?
Answer: In the tropics

Question: Why does altitudinal migration occur in some tropical birds?
Answer: to obtain more of their preferred foods

Question: What are tropical birds preferred foods?
Answer: fruits

Question: Where is it always warm enough for food supply?
Answer: In the tropics

Question: For what reason would birds mor far beyond the normal range?
Answer: a good breeding season followed by a food source failure

Question: How many times did Bohemian waxwings come to Britain in the nineteeth century?
Answer: five

Question: How many times did Bohemian waxwings come to Britain between 1937 and 200?
Answer: 18

Question: What years did Red crossbills invade England?
Answer: 1251, 1593, 1757, and 1791

Question: In which hemisphere does bird migration primarily happen?
Answer: Northern

Question: Where do birds from high northern latitutes migrate to?
Answer: south

Question: Why do birds migrate south in winter?
Answer: food becomes scarce

Question: Which species of seabirds are more likely to migrate?
Answer: species of the Southern Hemisphere

Question: Why are seabirds from the southern hemisphere more likely to migrate?
Answer: there is a large area of ocean in the Southern Hemisphere

Question: What controls a birds migration?
Answer: a primitive trait

Question: How do birds navigate and orient themselves during migration?
Answer: endogenous programs as well as learning

Question: What is a primitive trait present even in non migrating birds?
Answer: migration

Question: What is a complex phenomenon in regards to migration?
Answer: The ability to navigate

Question: What is the primary cue for migration?
Answer: changes in the day length

Question: How do birds act in the period before migration?
Answer: higher activity

Question: What does Zugunruhe mean in English?
Answer: migratory restlessness

Question: What do caged birds display that corresponds with migratory direction in nature?
Answer: preferential flight direction

Question: When do caged birds change their preferential direction?
Answer: the same time their wild conspecifics change course

Question: What is it called when males return earlier to the breeding sites than females?
Answer: protandry

Question: What happens in polygynous species with sexual dimophism?
Answer: males tend to return earlier to the breeding sites

Question: Why do males in polygynous species return before the females?
Answer: sexual dimorphism

Question: What is navigation based on?
Answer: a variety of senses

Question: What do many birds use as a compass?
Answer: sun

Question: What does using the sun for direction involve?
Answer: the need for making compensation based on the time

Question: What else is navigation based on?
Answer: use visual landmarks

Question: What is magnetoception?
Answer: the ability to detect magnetic fields

Question: When do long distance migrants disperse?
Answer: as young birds

Question: What do young birds form attachments to?
Answer: potential breeding sites

Question: What else do young birds form attachments to?
Answer: wintering sites

Question: What happens when the site attachment is made?
Answer: they show high site-fidelity

Question: Where do migrating birds visit?
Answer: the same wintering sites year after year