Question: What is the usual formal attire for Somali women?
Answer: the dirac

Question: Along with silk, saree fabric or chiffon, what might the dirac be made out of?
Answer: taffeta

Question: What is the underskirt of the dirac called?
Answer: the gorgorad

Question: What is the name of the headscarf worn by married women?
Answer: shaash

Question: What is the name of the shawl that married women wear on their upper bodies?
Answer: garbasaar

Question: Along with abaya, what is a traditional Arab garment sometimes worn by Somali women?
Answer: the jilbab

Question: What is the jewelry worn by Somali women commonly made from?
Answer: gold

Question: Along with anklets, what pieces of jewelry are traditionally worn by Somali women?
Answer: necklaces

Question: What type of jewelry do Somali women wear at their weddings?
Answer: gold

Question: In what year was the Somali flag invented?
Answer: 1954

Question: Who devised the Somali flag?
Answer: Mohammed Awale Liban

Question: What was Mohammed Awale Liban by profession?
Answer: scholar

Question: What is the star at the center of the Somali flag called?
Answer: Star of Unity

Question: How many points does the Star of Unity have?
Answer: five

Question: What is the one culinary tradition that is present among all Somali regional cuisines?
Answer: all food is served halal

Question: What type of meat is never present in halal dishes?
Answer: pork

Question: What beverage is not halal?
Answer: alcohol

Question: Along with alcohol, what liquid is never present in halal food?
Answer: blood

Question: What is the English word for qado?
Answer: lunch

Question: What is bariis in English?
Answer: rice

Question: What is the most popular variety of bariis?
Answer: basmati

Question: When is the latest a Somali might eat dinner during Ramadan?
Answer: 11 pm

Question: After what event during Ramadan is dinner served?
Answer: Tarawih prayers

Question: What is another term for xalwo?
Answer: halva

Question: Along with wedding receptions, when is xalwo often consumed?
Answer: Eid celebrations

Question: What do the Somalis call frankincense?
Answer: lubaan

Question: What is the English word for cunnsi?
Answer: incense

Question: What do the Somalis call incense burners?
Answer: dabqaad

Question: When did Somalis begin to render their language using the Latin alphabet?
Answer: 1972

Question: Who is the most well-known modern Somali writer?
Answer: Nuruddin Farah

Question: In what year did Nuruddin Farah win the Neustadt International Prize for Literature?
Answer: 1998

Question: Who wrote Ignorance is the enemy of love?
Answer: Farah Mohamed Jama Awl

Question: Who won the 2010 Betty Trask Prize?
Answer: Nadifa Mohamed

Question: What is the Somali system of customary law?
Answer: Xeer

Question: In what century did the Xeer system begin?
Answer: 7th

Question: In what region did the Xeer system develop?
Answer: the Horn of Africa

Question: What fact about Somali legal terms implies that Xeer developed locally?
Answer: devoid of loan words

Question: In the Xeer system, what are judges called?
Answer: odayal

Question: What does xeer boggeyaal mean in English?
Answer: jurists

Question: What does the Xeer system call attorneys?
Answer: garxajiyaal

Question: By what term are witnesses known in the Xeer system?
Answer: murkhaatiyal

Question: What does the Xeer system call cops?
Answer: waranle

Question: Along with Somalo-Islamic architecture, what influences modern Somali architecture?
Answer: Western designs

Question: Along with the early modern and ancient, during what period did Somali architecture exist?
Answer: medieval

Question: What material was used to make Somali cities?
Answer: stone

Question: What do Somalis call their ancient pyramids?
Answer: taalo

Question: What were taalo used for?
Answer: burial

Question: What were ancient Somali houses made out of?
Answer: dressed stone

Question: Ancient Somali houses were similar to houses in what country?
Answer: Egypt

Question: What is a notable stone wall built in ancient Somalia?
Answer: the Wargaade Wall

Question: During what period was the Muslim faith introduced to Somalia?
Answer: early medieval

Question: Along with Arabian influences, where did architectural influences come from in the medieval period?
Answer: Persia

Question: In the medieval period, what buildings were notably built atop older ruins?
Answer: mosques

Question: Along with sundried bricks and coral stone, what construction material was widely used after the introduction of Islam?
Answer: limestone

Question: Before Islam was introduced, what was a common building material in Somalia?
Answer: drystone

Question: What is the academic study of the Somali people called?
Answer: Somali Studies

Question: Along with sociology, linguistics, historiography and archaeology, what field is part of Somali Studies?
Answer: anthropology

Question: Along with chronicles and records, what indigenous sources are used in Somali Studies?
Answer: oral literature

Question: What is the name of the annual gathering of Somali Studies scholars?
Answer: the International Congress of Somali Studies

Question: When did the International Congress of Somali Studies begin?
Answer: 1980

Question: In what century did the Middle Ages begin?
Answer: 5th

Question: What century saw the end of the Middle Ages?
Answer: 15th

Question: What event marked the beginning of the Middle Ages?
Answer: the collapse of the Western Roman Empire

Question: Along with the Renaissance, what era occurred at the end of the Middle Ages?
Answer: Age of Discovery

Question: What is the first period of the three that Western history is traditionally divided into?
Answer: Antiquity

Question: Along with the movement of peoples, invasion and depopulation, what event started in Late Antiquity and continued into the Middle Ages?
Answer: deurbanisation

Question: In what state did barbarian invaders establish kingdoms?
Answer: the Western Roman Empire

Question: What empire was North Africa previously a part of?
Answer: the Eastern Roman Empire

Question: In what century did the Caliphate conquer North Africa?
Answer: 7th

Question: In what year did Italians discover the Code of Justinian?
Answer: 1070

Question: What year marked the beginning of the High Middle Ages?
Answer: 1000

Question: What event led to larger crop yields in the High Middle Ages?
Answer: the Medieval Warm Period

Question: What was the name of the economic system that organized peasants into villages owing labor and rent to nobles?
Answer: Manorialism

Question: What was the name of the political system that gave rents to knights in return for military service?
Answer: feudalism

Question: In what year did the Crusades begin?
Answer: 1095

Question: When did the Black Death end?
Answer: 1350

Question: In what period of the Middle Ages did the Black Death occur?
Answer: Late

Question: What portion of the European population died in the Black Death?
Answer: a third

Question: What era occurred after the Late Middle Ages?
Answer: the early modern period

Question: Along with controversy and schism, what upset the peace of the Church during the Late Middle Ages?
Answer: heresy

Question: Along with Antiquity and the Middle Ages, what is the other major division of European history?
Answer: the Modern Period

Question: How many major periods is European history divided into?
Answer: three

Question: What is another name for Antiquity?
Answer: classical civilisation

Question: Along with the Six Ages, what other scheme did writers in the Middle Ages use to divide history?
Answer: Four Empires

Question: What writer referred to the Christian period as new?
Answer: Petrarch

Question: Who wrote the History of the Florentine People?
Answer: Leonardo Bruni

Question: When was the History of the Florentine People published?
Answer: 1442

Question: Who first divided history into the ancient, medieval and modern periods?
Answer: Christoph Cellarius