Question: Where does the name opisthokonts come from?
Answer: the posterior location of the flagellum in motile cells

Question: What is the group of animals that often have a specialized head with feeding and sensory organs called?
Answer: Bilateria

Question: How many openings in the digestive chamber do animals in the Bilateria group have?
Answer: two

Question: What are the openings in the digestive chambers for animals in the Bilateria group called?
Answer: mouth and an anus

Question: What is the internal body cavity of animals in the Bilateria group called?
Answer: coelom or pseudocoelom

Question: What are some examples of non-bilaterian animals?
Answer: Porifera, Ctenophora, Cnidaria and Placozoa

Question: What are animals whose body plans display bilateral symmetry called?
Answer: bilaterian

Question: Animals in what group are thought to form a monophyletic group?
Answer: bilaterian

Question: What groups is named after the trait of growth by moulting or ecdysis?
Answer: Ecdysozoa

Question: What are some animals in the Arthropoda group?
Answer: insects, spiders, crabs

Question: Organisms in the Arthropoda group have bodies that are divided into what?
Answer: repeating segments

Question: What groups are relatives of the arthropods?
Answer: Onychophora and Tardigrada

Question: What is another name for roundworms?
Answer: Nematoda

Question: Why is it more economical for scientists to study a small number of species?
Answer: the great diversity found in animals

Question: Which organisms were among the first life-forms to be genetically sequenced?
Answer: fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Question: Why are  the fruit fly and the nematode the most intensively studied metazoan model organisms?
Answer: they are easy to keep and breed

Question: Analysis of what genome has emphasised the importance of sponges, placozoans, and choanoflagellates  in explaining the arrival of 1500 ancestral genes unique to the Eumetazoa?
Answer: starlet sea anemone

Question: What are two of the most successful animal phyla?
Answer: Mollusca and Annelida

Question: What are some of the animals in Mollusca?
Answer: snails, clams, and squids

Question: What are some of the animals in Annelida?
Answer: earthworms and leeches

Question: Why are the Mollusca and Annelida considered to be close relatives?
Answer: common presence of trochophore larvae

Question: What are the phyla that have a ring of ciliated tentacles around the mouth called?
Answer: lophophore

Question: Animal phyla that are recognized for their lack of bilateral symmetry are thought to have come from where?
Answer: other animals early in evolution

Question: Which animal represents the oldest animal phyla?
Answer: sponges

Question: How do sponges typically feed?
Answer: drawing in water through pores

Question: During what time were a series of phylogenomic studies conducted that found support for comb jellies as the basal lineage of animals?
Answer: 2008-2015

Question: What do deuterostomes and protostomes have in common?
Answer: both groups possess a complete digestive tract

Question: In which group does the anus form first, with the mouth developing secondarily?
Answer: deuterostomes

Question: What is the process in which cells fill in the interior of the gastrula to form the mesoderm called?
Answer: schizocoelous development

Question: What is the process in which the mesoderm is formed through invagination of the endoderm called?
Answer: enterocoelic pouching

Question: What do deuterostome embryos undergo during cell division?
Answer: radial cleavage

Question: What is another name for flatworm?
Answer: Platyhelminthes

Question: What are some parasites included in the Platyhelminthes group?
Answer: flukes and tapeworms

Question: What does acoelomates mean?
Answer: lacking a body cavity

Question: What are the flatworms closest relative?
Answer: Gastrotricha

Question: Where are the rotifera most prominent?
Answer: in aqueous environments

Question: How do most animals use the energy of sunlight?
Answer: eating plants or plant-eating animals

Question: What do plants use to convert inorganic molecules into carbohydrates, fats, proteins and other biomolecules?
Answer: light

Question: What does photosynthesis convert the energy of sunlight into?
Answer: chemical energy

Question: When an animal eats plants or another animal that has eaten plants, what happens to the reduced carbon compounds in the food?
Answer: become a source of energy and building materials for the animal

Question: What happens with the reduced carbon compounds in the food are broken down releasing stored solar energy?
Answer: giving the animal the energy required for motion

Question: What is the process of making beer called?
Answer: brewing

Question: What is a building called that is used for making beer?
Answer: a brewery

Question: What is company that makes beer typically known as? 
Answer: a brewing company

Question: What is beer classified as when it is made for non-commerical consumption? 
Answer: homebrewing

Question: In what year was home brewing first allowed in the UK?
Answer: 1963

Question: In breweries, what do you call a small vat that is filled with hops?
Answer: a hopback

Question: In what phase of brewing does hopped wort become beer? 
Answer: fermentation

Question: What substance settles and make beer clear after it ferments? 
Answer: yeast

Question: How long does the fermentation process take in brewing beer? 
Answer: a week to months

Question: What substance is added to hopped wort once it cools after boiling? 
Answer: yeast

Question: What is the main source of starch and most beer?
Answer: barley malt

Question: At what point does barley have it's hull broken up into pieces?
Answer: After malting

Question: What takes the place of barley malt in gluten-free beer?
Answer: sorghum

Question: When is sweet wort separated during the brewing process?
Answer: during lautering

Question: Aside from barley, what is a another product founded beer that might contain gluten?
Answer: wheat

Question: What is a brewery called that makes a small amount of beer?
Answer: microbrewery

Question: What would you call a microbrewery that also has a restaurant or a pub?
Answer: brewpub

Question: In general, how much beer can a microbrewery make and still be classified as a microbrewery?
Answer: around 15,000 barrels

Question: What city is home to the oldest known brewery in the world that is still active?
Answer: Freising

Question: What year was The Benedictine Weihenstephan Brewery first licensed as a brewery?
Answer: 1040

Question: What is the main source of the alcohol in beer?
Answer: sugars

Question: What is the process during brewing in which sugar is metabolized into alcohol?
Answer: fermentation

Question: At what concentration can yeast no longer survive in alcohol?
Answer: above 12%

Question: What could decrease alcohol content during the brewing process?
Answer: Low temperatures

Question: Why would more fermentable sugars be added to be beer during the brewing process?
Answer: to increase alcohol content

Question: What would you call a frame that holds the cask of beer horizontally when it arrives at the pub?
Answer: stillage

Question: What temperature are cask ales stored at before being tapped?
Answer: 52–55 °F

Question: What would you call a beer that has not been filtered or pasteurized?
Answer: Cask-conditioned ales

Question: How long does it take for sediment to settle and clear after a cask ale has been tapped?
Answer: from several hours to several days

Question: What tool is used to pull beer from a cask to serve?
Answer: a hand pump

Question: What type of alcohol is found in beer?
Answer: ethyl alcohol

Question: How is alcohol measured in the human body?
Answer: blood alcohol concentration

Question: What type of alcohol is found in wine and distilled spirits?
Answer: ethyl alcohol