Question: What decade was the pharmaceutical industry's "golden era"?
Answer: 1990s

Question: The safety and efficacy of new drugs must be approved by what organization in the US?
Answer: Food and Drug Administration

Question: What type of filing is used before beginning human trials?
Answer: Investigational New Drug

Question: How many phases of human trials may be done after IND approval?
Answer: three

Question: What type of application is filed after completing three phases of human trials?
Answer: New Drug Application

Question: What type of risk assessment results in approving the drug to go on the market?
Answer: positive benefit-risk

Question: "Drug reps" are usually hired by what type of firms?
Answer: Pharmaceutical companies

Question: What law regulates drug marketing in the US?
Answer: Prescription Drug Marketing Act of 1987

Question: Who do drug reps market to?
Answer: directly and personally to physicians

Question: Drug reps have been accused of giving what to health professionals?
Answer: 'gifts' and biased information

Question: Drug marketers have hired who as paid consultants?
Answer: physicians

Question: What publications can drug ads be commonly found?
Answer: journals and conferences

Question: In what year CE did the Second Muslim Civil War end?
Answer: 692

Question: During what period did the Berber Revolt occur?
Answer: 740–743 CE

Question: What branch took over Umayyad leadership during the Second Civil War?
Answer: Marwanid

Question: In what year was Ali killed?
Answer: 661

Question: Who killed Ali?
Answer: Kharijite partisan

Question: Who made peace with Muawiyah I?
Answer: Hasan ibn Ali

Question: Where was the capital of the Umayyad dynasty?
Answer: Damascus

Question: What form of tax were Christians required to pay?
Answer: jizya

Question: Who was the mother of Yazid?
Answer: Maysum

Question: What was Maysum's religion?
Answer: Christian

Question: How many major Islamic caliphates existed after Muhammad's death?
Answer: four

Question: Who was the third caliph?
Answer: Uthman ibn Affan

Question: Who founded the Umayyad regime?
Answer: Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan

Question: How many million square miles was the Umayyad caliphate at its largest size?
Answer: 5.79

Question: When did Muawiyah become caliph?
Answer: 661

Question: When did the caliphate of Uthman Ibn Affan end?
Answer: 656

Question: Who was the son of Al-Hakam ibn Abi al-'As?
Answer: Marwan ibn al-Hakam

Question: What opposition movement was based in Arabia and Basra?
Answer: Kharijites

Question: Who sent an army in 683 to stop the opposition movements?
Answer: Yazid

Question: In what battle was the Medinese opposition movement defeated?
Answer: Battle of al-Harrah

Question: Where is the Kaaba located?
Answer: Mecca

Question: What is another term for the Umayyads?
Answer: Banu Abd-Shams

Question: Traditionally, who did the Umayyads and Muhammad both descend from?
Answer: Abd Manaf ibn Qusai

Question: From what city did the Umayyads originate?
Answer: Mecca

Question: What son of Abd-Shams was the ancestor of the Umayyads?
Answer: Umayya

Question: Where did Muawiyah fight Ali?
Answer: Battle of Siffin

Question: Who was appointed arbitrator by Ali?
Answer: Abu Musa Ashaari

Question: In what battle did Ali fight the Kharjites?
Answer: Battle of Nahrawan

Question: What did the term Kharjites mean?
Answer: those who leave

Question: Who was the second caliph?
Answer: Umar

Question: Who ruled Syria before it was conquered by the followers of Muhammad?
Answer: Byzantine Empire

Question: Who controlled Iraq before the Arabs?
Answer: Persian Sassanid Empire

Question: How many top leaders of the Umayyads were killed in the Battle of Badr?
Answer: three

Question: Who was the son of Abu Sufyan?
Answer: Muawiyah I

Question: Who did the Umayyads fight in the Battle of Badr?
Answer: Hashimites

Question: What do historians see as the first military defeat of Islam?
Answer: Battle of Uhud

Question: Who was the spouse of Abu Sufyan?
Answer: Hind

Question: What tax did non-Muslims pay in the Umayyad period?
Answer: jizyah

Question: What was another term for Muslims who were not Arab?
Answer: mawali

Question: Along with Christians and Jews, what was a major non-Muslim religious group under the Umayyads?
Answer: Zoroastrian

Question: When did Uthman die?
Answer: 656

Question: What tribe did Ali belong to?
Answer: Quraysh

Question: What does Fitna mean?
Answer: civil war

Question: Along with being his cousin, what relationship did Ali have to Muhammad?
Answer: son-in-law

Question: Where was the capital before Ali changed it?
Answer: Medina

Question: What group murdered Uthman ibn al-Affan?
Answer: Egyptians

Question: Who was Marwan I related to?
Answer: Muawiyah I

Question: Who adopted Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr?
Answer: Ali ibn Abi Talib

Question: Who was the great grandson of Muhammad ibn Ali Bakr?
Answer: Ja'far al-Sadiq

Question: Where did Ibn al-Zubayr flee to in 680?
Answer: Mecca

Question: Who did Al-Husayn send to Kufa?
Answer: Muslim bin Agail

Question: What did Ubayd-Allah bin Ziyad rule?
Answer: Basrah

Question: Who did Ubayd-Allah bin Ziyad murder?
Answer: Muslim bin Agail

Question: When did Muhammad bin Wasim sail to Pakistan?
Answer: 712

Question: Along with the Punjab, what did Muhammad bin Wasim conquer?
Answer: Sindh

Question: At what battle did the Hindus of India defeat the Umayyads?
Answer: Rajasthan

Question: Who was a notable king in this period from the Pratihara dynasty?
Answer: Nagabhata

Question: To what dynasty did Vikramaditya II belong?
Answer: Pratihara

Question: Where was the Dome of the Rock built?
Answer: Jerusalem

Question: In what year was the Dome of the Rock finished?
Answer: 692

Question: During whose reign was the Dome of the Rock constructed?
Answer: Abd al-Malik

Question: Who was the son of Sarjun?
Answer: John of Damascus

Question: Along with Rhodes, what Byzantine possession did Muawiyah occupy?
Answer: Crete

Question: Who group of Christians rose up against Muawiyah?
Answer: Mardaites

Question: What did Muawiyah found in North Africa?
Answer: Kairouan

Question: Who was the son of Yazid?
Answer: Muawiya II

Question: When did Muawiya II's reign begin?
Answer: 683

Question: In what year did the battle of Marj Rahit occur?
Answer: 684

Question: Who had the support of the Confederation of Qays?
Answer: Ibn al-Zubayr

Question: From whom was Marwan descended?
Answer: Umayya via Wa'il ibn Umayyah

Question: Who was the father of Abd al-Malik?
Answer: Marwan

Question: When did Abd al-Malik's rule begin?
Answer: 685

Question: Where was Al-Mukhtar based? 
Answer: Kufa

Question: Who was the father of Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah?
Answer: Ali

Question: In what year did Ibn al-Zubayr die?
Answer: 692

Question: Who appointed the governors in the Umayyad empire?
Answer: khalifah

Question: Where was the government of the Umayyads based?
Answer: Damascus

Question: Along with army leaders, police and civil administration, what did the governor control in his province?
Answer: religious officials

Question: What was the main city of Tokharistan?
Answer: Balkh

Question: What was the central part of Transoxiana called?
Answer: Samarkand

Question: In what year did the Day of Thirst occur?
Answer: 724

Question: Who was the leader of the revolt of 734?
Answer: al-Harith ibn Surayj

Question: What notable battle occurred in 731?
Answer: Battle of the Defile

Question: What group were the Hashimiyya a sect of?
Answer: Kaysanites Shia

Question: Who led the Hashimiyya movement?
Answer: Abbasid family

Question: Who was named successor by Abu Hashim?
Answer: Muhammad ibn Ali

Question: Of what clan were the Abbasids members of?
Answer: Hashim

Question: What year saw the death of Abu Hashim?
Answer: 717

Question: When did the Umayyads begin to occupy Iberia?
Answer: 711

Question: What was the final year that the Umayyads held Narbonne?
Answer: 759