Question: What concerns did both the American Psychological Association and the Royal College of PSychiatrist have with NARTH?
Answer: that the positions espoused by NARTH are not supported by the science and create an environment in which prejudice and discrimination can flourish

Question: What do the terms andophilia and gynephilia help prevent?
Answer: confusion and offense when describing people in non-western cultures, as well as when describing intersex and transgender people

Question: Why does psychiatrist Anil Aggrawal say androphilia and gynephilia are needed terms?
Answer: the affected s

Question: What can attempting to label members of the LGBT community cause?
Answer: confusion

Question: What does MIlton Diamond say about the terms heterosexual, homosexual, and bisexual?
Answer: are better used as adjectives, not nouns, and are better applied to behaviors, not people.

Question: What advantages do the terms androphilia and gynephilia have?
Answer: when discussing the partners of transsexual or intersexed individuals

Question: What has the KInsey scaled been praised for?
Answer: dismissing the dichotomous classification of sexual orientation and allowing for a new perspective on human sexuality.

Question: What has the Kinsey scale been critisized for?
Answer: because it is still not a true continuum

Question: How many categories are used in the KInsey scale?
Answer: seven

Question: In a study by Masters and Johnson what did the find difficult about KIneys ratings?
Answer: to determine the relative amount heterosexual and homosexual experience and response in a person's history when using the scale

Question: What in somebodys past caused problems for the Kinsey scale?
Answer: a large number of heterosexual and homosexual experiences

Question: How many questions does the SASO contain?
Answer: 12

Question: What do six of the questions asses?
Answer: sexual attraction

Question: What do the other six questions asses?
Answer: four assess sexual behavior, and two assess sexual orientation identity

Question: What questions corresponds to the homosexual ones?
Answer: heterosexuality

Question: How are the results simplified when using the SASO?
Answer: into four summaries that look specifically at responses that correspond to either homosexuality, heterosexuality, bisexuality or asexuality.

Question: Has the cause for sexual orientation been found yet?
Answer: The exact causes for the development of a particular sexual orientation have yet to be established

Question: What has the research that has been conducted for the influence of genetics made many people think?
Answer: that biology and environment factors play a complex role in forming it

Question: What was once thought to cause homosexuality?
Answer: the result of faulty psychological development

Question: What was found out about the theory of faulty psychological development being the cause for homosexuality?
Answer: this was based on prejudice and misinformation.

Question: What can the scales for sexual orientation be used for?
Answer: determining what the prevalence of different sexual orientations are within a population

Question: What will cause the amount of homosexuality to vary?
Answer: which component of sexual orientation is being assessed

Question: Out of sexual attraction, sexual behovior, and sexual identity which will show more accurately the amount of homosexuals in a population?
Answer: Assessing sexual attraction will yield the greatest prevalence of homosexuality in a population

Question: Which chromosome is responsible for produlcing male differentiation on defect female development?
Answer: chromosome Y

Question: What is the differentiation process driven by?
Answer: androgen hormones,

Question: What results in sexual differences in males and females?
Answer: secretion of androgens, that will cooperate in driving the sexual differentiation of the developing fetus, included its brain

Question: What have scientist began to test due to the fact that adrogen results in sexual differences?
Answer: the result of modifying androgen exposure levels in mammals during fetus and early life

Question: Who created on of the earliest sexual classification schemes?
Answer: Karl Heinrich Ulrichs

Question: When did Karl Heinrich Ulrichs develop this classification scheme?
Answer: in the 1860s

Question: Was his classification scheme meant for males or females?
Answer: meant only to describe males

Question: What three categories are used in Ulrichs scheme?
Answer: dionings, urnings and uranodionings

Question: What did these three categories correspond with?
Answer: the categories of sexual orientation used today:

Question: What did both Weinrich and Weinberg critisize the KInsey scale for?
Answer: lumping individuals who are different based on different dimensions of sexuality into the same categories.

Question: What caused valuable information to be lost while using the KInsey scale?
Answer: collapsing the two values into one final score

Question: Why was collapsing the two values into one score a problem?
Answer: A person who has only predominantly same sex reactions is different from someone with relatively little reaction but lots of same sex experience

Question: How could Kinsey have avoided losing this crucial information?
Answer: to have measured the two dimensions separately and report scores independently to avoid loss of information

Question: Besides behavior and reactions what else could have been used in the KInsey scale?
Answer: one could also assess attraction, identification, lifestyle

Question: What questions did Sell consider the most important on the KInsey scale?
Answer: those assessing sexual attraction

Question: Why did Sell consider the questions regarding sexual attraction the most important?
Answer: sexual attraction is a better reflection of the concept of sexual orientation

Question: Rather than define sexual orientation as sexual idenity or behavior what did Sell define it as?
Answer: extent of sexual attractions toward members of the other, same, both sexes or neither

Question: What is a huge concern for SASO?
Answer: the reliability and validity remains largely unexamined.

Question: What reflects the prevalence rates varying?
Answer: people's inconsistent responses to the different components of sexual orientation within a study and the instability of their responses over time

Question: What does it mean when someones sexualiity is fluid?
Answer: such that one's sexual orientation is not necessarily stable or consistent over time but is subject to change throughout life.

Question: What did Diamond find about the women?
Answer: over 7 years 2/3 of the women changed their sexual identity at least once,

Question: What did women acknowledge who considered themselves as lesbian or bisexual?
Answer: the possibility for future same sex attractions and/or behaviour

Question: What makes it difficult to determine if someone is homosexual or not?
Answer: individuals classified as homosexual in one study might not be identified the same way in another depending on which components are assessed

Question: Why do researches in homosexual studies argued that it is a social and historical constuction?
Answer: Because sexual orientation is complex and multi-dimensional

Question: Which philosopher argued homosexuality did not exist as an idenity in the eighteenth century?
Answer: Michel Foucault

Question: In what year did Michel Foucalt publish The History Of Sexuality?
Answer: 1976

Question: What did he state was an invention of the modern state?
Answer: 'Sexuality

Question: What was a crime in the eighteenth century that could cause severe punishment but was mostly ignored?
Answer: Sodomy

Question: What do some researchers argue about the idea of sexual orientation?
Answer: the concept may not apply similarly to men and women