Question: What is frequency also known as in science?
Answer: f

Question: What term describes a small amount of element?
Answer: quantum

Question: What did the light quantum, in some ways, behave as?
Answer: an electrically neutral particle

Question: What was later termed the photon?
Answer: The light quantum

Question: When did Max Planck first recognize the value of the Planck constant?
Answer: 1900

Question: Which scientist associated the Planck constant with a quantum five years after Planck's recognition?
Answer: Einstein

Question: Instead of an electromagnetic wave, what did the light quantum behave as in some regards?
Answer: an electrically neutral particle

Question: What is the simple name given to the light quantum today?
Answer: the photon

Question: What does classical statistics mechanics not define the value of?
Answer: h

Question: What is required to exist in classical statistics mechanics?
Answer: h

Question: After Planck's findings, what was determined could not take on an arbitrary value?
Answer: physical action

Question: What is the "quantum of action" called?
Answer: the Planck constant

Question: What does the Planck Constant refer to?
Answer: quantum of action

Question: Classical statistical mechanics requires the existence of what?
Answer: h

Question: What was realized after Planck's discovery?
Answer: that physical action cannot take on an arbitrary value

Question: What is the Planck constant formerly known as?
Answer: quantum of action

Question: Regarding atoms, what does the Planck constant imply?
Answer: that only certain energy levels are allowed

Question: Regarding atoms, what are values in between certain energy levels considered by the Planck constant?
Answer: forbidden

Question: Following Planck's discovery, what was realized about values of physical action?
Answer: physical action cannot take on an arbitrary value

Question: The Planck constant initially was given what name?
Answer: the "quantum of action"

Question: How is the proportional nature of the Planck constant explained?
Answer: Classical physics cannot explain this fact

Question: For certain cases of light or atoms, what does the quantum of action yield?
Answer: only certain energy levels are allowed, and values in between are forbidden.

Question: What are common things like furniture and stationary objects actually made of?
Answer: particles

Question: Which light wavelength is the human eye most sensitive to?
Answer: 555 nanometres

Question: What color of light is the human eye most sensitive to?
Answer: green

Question: What does the smallness of the Planck constant show?
Answer: the fact that everyday objects and systems are made of a large number of particles

Question: At about what wavelength of light are human eyes most sensitive?
Answer: 555 nanometres

Question: What frequency does green light with a wavelength of 555 nanmetres have?
Answer: 7014540000000000000♠540 THz

Question: How is the energy from one mole of photos computed?
Answer: by multiplying the photon energy by the Avogadro constant

Question: How much energy does a green light of wavelength 555 nm contain?
Answer: 7005216000000000000♠216 kJ/mol

Question: What is the wavelength of light to which human eyes are most sensitive?
Answer: 555 nanometres

Question: What is the frequency of the light to which the human eye is most sensitive?
Answer: 7014540000000000000♠540 THz

Question: What is the energy of a photon?
Answer: 6981358000000000000♠3.58×10−19 J

Question: How much energy is contained in the light to which human eyes are most sensitive?
Answer: 7005216000000000000♠216 kJ/mol

Question: What type of radiation was Planck studying in the late 19th century?
Answer: black-body

Question: How many years prior to Planck's study had the scientific community first discussed black body radiation?
Answer: forty

Question: What scientist first studied black body radiation?
Answer: Kirchhoff

Question: What is required for the electromagnetic field to come to thermal equilibrium?
Answer: hot atoms

Question: What does a hot object in equilibrium absorb as much as it emits?
Answer: light

Question: What was Planck studying in the last part of the nineteenth century?
Answer: the problem of black-body radiation

Question: Who posed the problem of black-body radiation?
Answer: Kirchhoff

Question: Cooler objects glow less than objects that are what?
Answer: hotter

Question: What does a black object do to any of the light that hits it?
Answer: it absorbs all the light

Question: What is maximized as a result of a black object absorbing all the light that hits it?
Answer: thermal light emission

Question: Planck studied what problem posed originally by Kirchhoff?
Answer: black-body radiation

Question: If an object is black, what is known about its thermal light emission?
Answer: its thermal light emission is maximized.

Question: What is known about the light absorption of a hot object in equilibrium with light?
Answer: absorbs just as much light as it emits

Question: Electromagnetic fields obey what laws?
Answer: laws of motion

Question: What do scientists assume black body radiation is?
Answer: thermal

Question: What kind of prediction does the assumption that black body radiation is thermal lead to?
Answer: accurate

Question: What type of changes in the light a hot object emits as the object's temperature changes?
Answer: colour

Question: What law describes the changes in light emitted by a hot object?
Answer: Stefan–Boltzmann law

Question: What assumption that black-body radiation is what leads to an accurate prediction?
Answer: thermal

Question: What does the Stefan-Boltzmann law state?
Answer: the total amount of emitted energy goes up with the temperature according to a definite rule

Question: What about a hot object changes with the temperature?
Answer: the colour of the light

Question: What color is hotter than "red hot"?
Answer: white hot

Question: What did Wilhelm Wien discover?
Answer: the mathematical relationship between the peaks of the curves at different temperatures

Question: What rule predicts that emitted energy increases with temperature?
Answer: the Stefan–Boltzmann law

Question: What characteristic of the light emitted by a hot object changes with temperature?
Answer: the colour of the light given off

Question: Who discovered the mathematical relationship between peaks and curves of light at different temperatures?
Answer: Wilhelm Wien

Question: The rule that adjust the curve at different temperatures is known as what?
Answer: Wien's displacement law

Question: Wien's spectrum model could not predict accurate at what end of the spectrum?
Answer: at low frequencies (long wavelength)

Question: Before Planck, it was assumed that the energy of a body could take on what value?
Answer: any

Question: The Rayleigh-Jeans law makes close predictions for what amount of values?
Answer: a narrow range

Question: What does Planck's law correctly predict?
Answer: blackbody emissions

Question: In making Planck's law, what was in both the numerator and denominator of the formula that was used?
Answer: h

Question: Planck's work disproved what assumption?
Answer: that the energy of a body could take on any value whatsoever

Question: What rule predicted narrow range of energy values at lower temperatures?
Answer: The Rayleigh–Jeans

Question: Planck's law involved what necessary mathematical step to correctly predict blackbody emission?
Answer: multiply the classical expression by a complex factor that involves h in both the numerator and the denominator

Question: Changing values of n, the Boltzmann constant, or other variables resulted in learning what about Planck's law?
Answer: Making an equation out of Planck's law that would reproduce the Rayleigh–Jeans law could not be done