Question: What was the result of the invasion by Spain?
Answer: Spain, bound by the Pacte de Famille, intervened on behalf of France and together they launched a disastrous invasion

Question: Why did Denmark-Norway remain neutral rather than assisting its longtime ally, Britain?
Answer: The Dutch Republic, long-time British ally, kept its neutrality intact, fearing the odds against Britain and Prussia fighting the great powers of Europe

Question: Who would Sicily and Savoy normally align with?
Answer: Sicily, and Savoy, although sided with Franco-Spanish party

Question: What did Russian Empress Elizabeth use the proceeds of the tax on salt and alcohol for?
Answer: the taxation of salt and alcohol begun by Empress Elizabeth in 1759 to complete her addition to the Winter Palace.

Question: Why did Naples remain neutral?
Answer: Naples, Sicily, and Savoy, although sided with Franco-Spanish party, declined to join the coalition under the fear of British power

Question: What did Great Britain gain with respect to the French trading outposts on the subcontinent of India?
Answer: superiority over the French trading outposts

Question: What was the result for the Native American tribes?
Answer: The Native American tribes were excluded from the settlement

Question: What did the Native American tribes accomplish in the later Pontiac's War?
Answer: ; a subsequent conflict, known as Pontiac's War, was also unsuccessful in returning them to their pre-war status.

Question: What were two factors that redeemed the outcome for the Prussians?
Answer: good luck and successful strategy

Question: Who was the leader of Prussia?
Answer: King Frederick the Great

Question: Who was the traditional partner with Great Britain at the beginning of the conflict?
Answer: Great Britain and Austria, had coalesced

Question: What was gained or lost by Austria?
Answer: British military effort had not saved Silesia for Austria

Question: What was the major gain by Great Britain by having Austria as it ally?
Answer: British subsidies to Austria had produced nothing of much help to the British

Question: What alliances were formed in the "diplomatic reversal"?
Answer: The collapse of that system and the aligning of France with Austria and of Great Britain with Prussia constituted what is known as the “diplomatic revolution”

Question: Did the loss of Silesia by Austria intensify its battle with Prussia?
Answer: . Prussia, having secured Silesia, had come to terms with Austria

Question: What Russian-Austrian agreement preceded the Seven Years War that started in 1755-56?
Answer: June 2, 1746, Austria and Russia concluded a defensive alliance that covered their own territory and Poland against attack by Prussia or the Ottoman Empire

Question: According to the Russian-Austrian pact of 1746, what would happen to Silesia in the event of hostilities with Prussia?
Answer: They also agreed to a secret clause that promised the restoration of Silesia and the countship of Glatz (now Kłodzko, Poland) to Austria

Question: What other area was mentioned regarding Prussian dominion in the Russian-Austrian pact?
Answer: the countship of Glatz (now Kłodzko, Poland) to Austria

Question: What individual was the main target of the pact?
Answer: Their real desire, however, was to destroy Frederick’s power altogether

Question: Why couldn't Petrovich persuade Austria to invade Prussia?
Answer: he could not persuade Austrian statesman Wenzel Anton von Kaunitz to commit to offensive designs against Prussia

Question: What was the house of king George II?
Answer: Hanover

Question: Name two diverse geographies that king George II had to protect.
Answer: his commitments in Germany were counterbalanced by the demands of the British colonies overseas

Question: How anxious was France to assist Prussia to take over Hanover?
Answer: it had no desire to divert forces to central Europe for Prussia's interest.

Question: Why would France want to invade Hanover?
Answer: France was very much interested in colonial expansion and was willing to exploit the vulnerability of Hanover in war against Great Britain

Question: What was Britain's obligation to Hanover if colonial expansion via war with France was to be resumed?
Answer: Hanover had to be secured against Franco-Prussian attack

Question: What was the objective of le Secret du roi?
Answer: goal of pursuing personal political objectives that were often at odds with France’s publicly stated policies

Question: Who did King Louis XV want on the Polish throne?
Answer: his kinsman Louis François de Bourbon, prince de Conti,

Question: What was King Louis XV's secret ambition for Sweden and Turkey?
Answer: Sweden, and Turkey as French client states in opposition to Russian and Austrian interests

Question: What French official was kept in the dark about le Secret du roi?
Answer: Unbeknownst to his foreign minister,

Question: What countries did King Louis XV want keep in his sphere of influence to thwart the interests of Russia?
Answer: Poland, Sweden, and Turkey as French client states in opposition to Russian

Question: What two geographies did Frederick want for Prussia?
Answer: Saxony and Polish west Prussia

Question: What country would refuse support if Frederick wen to war for Saxony and west Prussia?
Answer: could not expect French support

Question: What was his concern about trying take Hanover from the British?
Answer: he might fall victim to an Austro-Russian attack

Question: What kept Augustus III from consolidating Saxony and Poland?
Answer: the two territories were physically separated by Brandenburg and Silesia

Question: Who was Poland's ancient ally?
Answer: Poland, despite its union with the ancient lands of Lithuania,

Question: What country was pleased that Britain used its Hanover vote to elect Joseph as Te Holy Roman Emperor?
Answer: Austria

Question: What country and person were displeased that Britain used it Hanover vote to elect Joseph as the Holy Roman Emporer?
Answer: Frederick and Prussia

Question: What was the French view about the dismemberment of Prussia?
Answer: saw the complete dismemberment of Prussia as unacceptable to the stability of Central Europe.

Question: What was a major objective of Britain in joining the Austro-Russian alliance?
Answer: to protect Hanover's interests against France.

Question: What was Kaunitz's objective with the French?
Answer: Kaunitz kept approaching the French in the hope of establishing such alliance with Austria

Question: What was Kaunitz of Austria willing to trade for French help in capturing Silesia?
Answer: willing to trade Austrian Netherlands for France's aid

Question: What did Russia use Britain's money for?
Answer: to station 50,000 troops on the Livonian-Lithunian border, so they could defend Britain's interests in Hanover

Question: What countries teamed together at the Convention of Westminster?
Answer: Britain and Prussia

Question: When was the Convention of Westminster signed?
Answer: January 16, 1756

Question: Why was Beshuzev happy to put the troops on the Livonian-Lithunian border?
Answer: Besthuzev, assuming the preparation was directed against Prussia,

Question: What was the response of Empress Elizabeth of Russia to the English-Prussian agreement?
Answer: Empress Elizabeth of Russia was outraged

Question: Why was France mad at the British-Prussian agreement?
Answer: France was so enraged, and terrified, by the sudden betrayal of its only ally. Austria,

Question: France was now in a desperate position, what did they do?
Answer: France was forced to accede to the Austro-Russian alliance

Question: Who were the parties to the treaty of Versailles?
Answer: Austria, particularly Kaunitz, used this situation to their utmost advantage. The now-isolated France

Question: How many troops did Austria and France pledge to defend each other?
Answer: 24.000 troops