Question: During what years did the Eocene period take place?
Answer: 56 million years ago - 33.9 million years ago

Question: Australia was connected to which other continent at the start of the Eocene?
Answer: Antarctica

Question: How long ago did Antarctica and Australia split?
Answer: around 45 Ma

Question: Around how many years ago is the current ice age pattern believed to have begun?
Answer: 40 million years

Question: The mixing of equatorial currents with Antarctic waters in the Eocene resulted in what?
Answer: keeping global temperatures high

Question: during which period did mountains form in the western part of North America?
Answer: Eocene

Question: In the Eocene, in Europe, which sea ceased to be?
Answer: Tethys Sea

Question: The Mediterranean sea is a remaining part of which sea from the Eocene?
Answer: Tethys Sea

Question: What began to form in the flat basins in North America during the Eocene?
Answer: huge lakes

Question: Which oregeny was created when India collided with Asia?
Answer: the Himalayan orogeny

Question: What permanent structure formed on Antarctica?
Answer: ice cap

Question: The lift of which mountain range in Europe was the result of the African plate moving north into the Eurasian?
Answer: the Alps

Question: During what period was there a land bridge joining Europe and North America?
Answer: Oligocene

Question: In the Oligocene period South America broke free from what other continent?
Answer: Antarctica

Question: Which current resulted in the cooling of Antarctica?
Answer: the Antarctic Circumpolar Current

Question: The formation of which mountain range was the result of of what zone along the Pacific Ocean side of South America?
Answer: the Andes

Question: Which continent was India colliding with in the Miocene?
Answer: Asia

Question: When Africa was colliding with Eurasia which seaway ceased to be during the Miocene?
Answer: The Tethys Seaway

Question: Between what period of time did the Tethys disappear?
Answer: 19 and 12 Ma

Question: Which crisis occured towards the end of the Miocene period?
Answer: Messinian salinity crisis

Question: What is the link between North and South America called?
Answer: the Isthmus of Panama

Question: In which period did North and South America become linked?
Answer: Pliocene

Question: The Mediterranean was created by the collision of Europe and what?
Answer: Africa

Question: What period came after the Pliocene?
Answer: the Quaternary Period

Question: The Pliocene saw the end of what fauna in South America?
Answer: marsupial faunas

Question: How long ago did the last glacial period end?
Answer: about 10,000 years ago

Question: During what period did sea levels rice 115 feet?
Answer: Holocene

Question: By what height did sea levels rise at the end of the last glacial period?
Answer: 35 metres (115 ft)

Question: Glaciars from what period depressed the height of northern lands by 591 feet?
Answer: Pleistocene

Question: What sea did the Hudson Bay used to be a part of?
Answer: Tyrrell Sea

Question: What does the state want a police force to do?
Answer: enforce the law, protect property, and limit civil disorder

Question: What are gendarmerie?
Answer: military units charged with civil policing

Question: What are police usually separate from?
Answer: military or other organizations involved in the defense of the state against foreign aggressors

Question: How are police usually paid?
Answer: through taxes

Question: When were police used to protect the class system?
Answer: late 18th and early 19th centuries

Question: What kind of service are police?
Answer: public sector

Question: What problem do many police forces have?
Answer: corruption

Question: Which Chinese kingdoms developed law enforcement?
Answer: Chu and Jin

Question: What period was the Chu kingdom in?
Answer: Spring

Question: What period was the Jin kingdom in?
Answer: Autumn

Question: Which countries adopted the 'prefecture system' from China?
Answer: Korea and Japan

Question: What did ancient China call its police?
Answer: prefects

Question: What war ended in 1479?
Answer: War of the Castilian Succession

Question: Who formed Spain's first national police force?
Answer: Ferdinand and Isabella

Question: What was Spain's first national police force called, in Spanish?
Answer: Santa Hermandad

Question: What does Santa Hermandad mean?
Answer: Holy Brotherhood

Question: When did Spain suppress local police units?
Answer: 1835

Question: Which two entities in Medieval France had police duties?
Answer: The Marshal of France and the Constable of France

Question: How were the Marshal and Constable of France formally classified?
Answer: Great Officers of the Crown of France

Question: What was the Marshal's force called?
Answer: the Marshalcy

Question: What was the Constable's force called, in English?
Answer: the Constabulary

Question: What was the Constable's force called, in French?
Answer: Connétablie

Question: In what year did Paris get a police force?
Answer: 1667

Question: Who created Paris's police force?
Answer: King Louis XIV

Question: What was the largest European city in 1667?
Answer: Paris

Question: What was the title of the head of Paris's police, in English?
Answer: lieutenant general of police

Question: What was the title of the head of Paris's police, in French?
Answer: lieutenant général de police

Question: Who was Paris's first head of police?
Answer: Gabriel Nicolas de la Reynie

Question: How many commissioners worked under Reynie?
Answer: 44

Question: How many policing districts was Paris divided into?
Answer: 16

Question: When was Paris's police system expanded to the rest of France?
Answer: October 1699

Question: When were police inspectors added to Paris's police?
Answer: 1709

Question: When did the French language adopt the word 'police'?
Answer: in the 18th century

Question: Which dictionary said police were 'a symbol of foreign oppression'?
Answer: Britannica 1911

Question: What language did French borrow the word 'police' from?
Answer: English

Question: When were the Marine Police created in the UK?
Answer: 1798

Question: What was the first use of 'police' in the UK?
Answer: the appointment of Commissioners of Police for Scotland in 1714

Question: Who convinced the West Indies merchants in London to establish police?
Answer: Patrick Colquhoun

Question: Where did the West Indies merchants in London create a police force?
Answer: docks

Question: When did the West Indies merchants in London create a police force?
Answer: 1797

Question: How much cargo had been being stolen from West Indies merchants in London each year?
Answer: £500,000

Question: How did Colquhoun praise the French police?
Answer: "the greatest degree of perfection"

Question: What was the initial size of the Thames River Police force?
Answer: 50

Question: How many dock workers were the Thames River Police policing?
Answer: 33,000

Question: How many dock workers did Colquhoun say were criminals?
Answer: 11,000

Question: When was the Thames River Police made a public service?
Answer: 28 July 180

Question: How much cargo theft did the Thames River Police prevent in its first year?
Answer: £122,000

Question: How did the Bow Street group pay their employees?
Answer: stipendiary system

Question: Who started the Bow Street detectives?
Answer: Henry and John Fielding

Question: Who came up with the concept of the 'new' police?
Answer: Robert Peel

Question: How did the Thames River Police pay their employees?
Answer: full-time, salaried officers prohibited from taking private fees

Question: What schedule did the Thames River Police employees work?
Answer: full-time

Question: Which law established Glasgow's police?
Answer: Glasgow Police Act

Question: When was Glasgow's police force established?
Answer: 1800

Question: Which law established Ireland's police?
Answer: Irish Constabulary Act

Question: When was Ireland's police force established?
Answer: 1822