Question: What does the AAPF believe the foundation for the class based argument is?
Answer: non-poor minorities do not experience racial and gender based discrimination

Question: What does the AAPF believe the goal of affirmative action should be?
Answer: to address race-based obstacles that block the path to success

Question: What major event preceded the growth of the divide in education between White and Black Americans?
Answer: end of World War II

Question: What was considered to be a major cause of the increase in educational gap?
Answer: Dwight D. Eisenhower's GI Bill

Question: What did returning black veterans not receive?
Answer: loans at the same rate as whites

Question: How many servicemen and women were educated as a result of the GI Bill?
Answer: Nearly 8 million

Question: What opportunities were few for black veterans?
Answer: higher educational

Question: Who conducted a study about the origins of "Latinos"?
Answer: Dr. Paul Brest

Question: How much of the Latino population did Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans and Cuban Americans make up in 1991?
Answer: 80%

Question: In relation to other major ethnic groups, what is the education level of Latinos?
Answer: least well educated

Question: What was the percentage increase of the high school completion rate for African Americans between 1975 and 1990?
Answer: 12%

Question: How many of the total bachelor degrees awarded in 1990 went to Latinos?
Answer: 3.1%

Question: Which groups can be categorized as Native Americans?
Answer: people who lived in North America before European settlement

Question: When did the Native Americans lose their land?
Answer: During the U.S. government's westward expansion

Question: Where were Native Americans forced to live after they lost their land?
Answer: reservations

Question: How much land did the Native Americans own in 1934?
Answer: 52 million acres

Question: In relation to whites, what was the poverty rate for Native Americans in 1990?
Answer: more than triple

Question: What form of discrimination did early Asian immigrants experience?
Answer: not having the ability to become naturalized citizens

Question: What law type did Asian immigrants struggle with?
Answer: school segregation

Question: Which piece of legislature marked the start of discrimination against Asians?
Answer: Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

Question: Which bill was passed in an attempt to limit or prevent Asian immigration?
Answer: Immigration Act of 1924

Question: According to studies, what are Asians perceived to be lacking?
Answer: communication skills and personality

Question: What is one of the issues with affirmative action?
Answer: inherently unequal

Question: How do people who are in favor of affirmative action view it?
Answer: an effort towards inclusion rather than a discriminatory practice

Question: What does affirmative action supposedly aim to do?
Answer: overcome prejudicial treatment through inclusion

Question: What do proponents of affirmative action believe is the best way to combat exclusionary practices?
Answer: make special efforts at inclusion

Question: Which President made their stance on affirmative action clear in 1995?
Answer: Bill Clinton

Question: How long after his inauguration was Bill Clinton's speech?
Answer: two and a half years

Question: Which speech did Bill Clinton's speech draw parallels to?
Answer: President Lyndon B. Johnson's "Freedom is not Enough"

Question: What did President Clinton claim would not be enough to give everyone in American equality?
Answer: just outlawing discrimination

Question: What was President Clinton's response to the claim that affirmative action was hurting the white middle class.
Answer: the policy was not the source of their problems

Question: Where was the National Conference of State Legislatures held in 2014?
Answer: Washington D.C.

Question: What did proponents of affirmative action claim some of the effects of policies that support affirmative action had done?
Answer: help to open doors for historically excluded groups in workplace settings and higher education

Question: What has the concept of workplace diversity caused employers to do?
Answer: actively seek to promote an inclusive workplace

Question: Having a diverse workplace allows for employers to do what?
Answer: draw in talent and ideas from all segments of the population

Question: Which organization claims that private sector employers believe having a diverse workplace is beneficial?
Answer: U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

Question: What does AAUP stand for?
Answer: American Association of University Professors

Question: What were the effects of affirmative action on universities according to the study done by the AAUP?
Answer: positive effects on the educational outcomes and experiences of college students

Question: What did a study claim about the beliefs of faculty members on increased diversity?
Answer: helps students to reach the essential goals of a college education

Question: Who supposedly suffers no detrimental effects from classroom diversity?
Answer: Caucasian students

Question: In which year did the AAUP release their study?
Answer: 2000

Question: Who claims that artificially raising minority students into schools has a negative effect on them?
Answer: Richard Sander

Question: What was a negative effect of affirmative action according to Richard Sander?
Answer: high dropout rates

Question: Where do half of the black college students rank in terms of their performance relative to the rest of their class?
Answer: bottom 20 percent

Question: What is the failure rate for black law school graduates compared to whites for the bar exam?
Answer: four times

Question: Which idea is the controversy of affirmative action primarily based upon?
Answer: class inequality

Question: Other than African Americans, who do detractors of affirmative action claim benefit most from affirmative action?
Answer: Hispanic Americans

Question: At who's expense other than Asian Americans are upper-class African Americans and Hispanic Americans supposedly benefiting?
Answer: lower-class European Americans

Question: What do some people believe should be the basis for affirmative action instead of race based legislation?
Answer: class-based affirmative action

Question: Who primarily makes up America's poor group?
Answer: people of color

Question: Where were the Italian American professors employed that asked to be added as an affirmative action category?
Answer: City University of New York

Question: Which year did the Italian American Professors make their request?
Answer: 1976

Question: What category of race do Italian Americans normally fall under?
Answer: white

Question: What was the title of the book written by Thomas Sowell?
Answer: Affirmative Action Around the World: An Empirical Study

Question: Why would Italian Americans want to get themselves designated as members of a preferred group?
Answer: to take advantage of group preference policies

Question: What book did Frederick Lynch author?
Answer: Invisible Victims: White Males and the Crisis of Affirmative Action

Question: What did white males feel was happening to them as a result of affirmative action?
Answer: reverse discrimination

Question: What moral position does Shelby Steele hold?
Answer: against affirmative action

Question: What does Shelby Steele believe that the true concept of affirmative action is?
Answer: enforcing equal opportunity

Question: Which book did Terry Eastland write?
Answer: From Ending Affirmative Action: The Case for Colorblind Justice

Question: What did Eastland believe the founders of affirmative action did not consider?
Answer: how the benefits of affirmative action would go to those who did not need it

Question: Outside of promoting diversity, was does Eastland believe the other reason to be in favor of affirmative action is?
Answer: remedying past discrimination