Question: What did Charles Stewart Parnell change his parties name to in 1882?
Answer: Irish Parliamentary Party

Question: Did the Irish Parliamentary Party ever adopt the Parnellite model?
Answer: they soon came to model themselves on the Parnellite model.

Question: Do political parties have a Party leader?
Answer: A political party is typically led by a party leader

Question: Who maintains the daily work and records of party meetings?
Answer: party secretary

Question: Who is responsible for the membership fees and expenses? 
Answer: party treasurer

Question: Who is responsible for recruiting and maintaining party members?
Answer: party chair

Question: When does a party form an official opposition?
Answer: When a party becomes the largest party not part of the Government

Question: What type of parties allow leaders to form frontbench teams?
Answer: Westminster-based parties

Question: When does a party's frontbench become the Cabinet of government ministers?
Answer: When a party achieves enough seats in an election to form a majority

Question: If a party is represented by members from the lower house of parliament, what other position can the party leader serve?
Answer: leader of the parliamentary group of that full party representation

Question: What is considered a measurement of a state's support to liberal democracy?
Answer: The freedom to form, declare membership in, or campaign for

Question: How are parties regulated?
Answer: a crackdown on or repression of all opposition parties

Question: Will parties that hold a counter belief to the general beliefs of the state's incumbents be repressed?
Answer: to the repression of certain parties which hold or promote ideals which run counter to the general ideology of the state's incumbents

Question: Will mainstream political parties not cooperate towards outsider parties if they are too extream?
Answer: mainstream political parties may form an informal cordon sanitarian which applies a policy of non-cooperation towards those "Outsider Parties"

Question: which  outsider parties considered unacceptable to work with?
Answer: far-right, far-left and regionalism

Question: What has been increasingly abandoned in the past two decades?
Answer: Cordon Sanitarian

Question: Do official political parties exist in a nonpartisan system?
Answer: In a nonpartisan system, no official political parties exist

Question: Was the administration of George Washington nonpartisan?
Answer: The administration of George Washington and the first few sessions of the United States Congress were nonpartisan.

Question: What did Washington warn against during his farewell address?
Answer: political parties

Question: What do factions within nonpartisan systems evolve into?
Answer: political parties

Question: In what systems is the political party allowed to legally hold effective power?
Answer: one-party systems

Question: What are North Korea and China examples of?
Answer: positions within the party may in fact be more important than positions within the government

Question: When was Nazi Germany in a one-party system?
Answer: 1934 and 1945

Question: What is the one-party system often compared with?
Answer: dictatorships and tyranny

Question: When are opposition parties allowed?
Answer: In dominant-party systems

Question: What are some of the reasons for a party's failure?
Answer: political, social and economic circumstances, and public opinion

Question: What are some ways a dominant party can stay in power?
Answer: patronage and sometimes by voting fraud

Question: What are some examples of dominant party systems?
Answer: African National Congress in South Africa, the Cambodian People's Party in Cambodia

Question: For how long did the dominant one-party system last in mexico?
Answer: 1990s

Question: What type of party system is the United States?
Answer: two-party system

Question: What were the first parties in the united States called?
Answer: Federalist and Republican

Question: For how long did the Whigs survive?
Answer: two decades

Question: What are challenged to an unpopular political party?
Answer: tremendous land area and large population of the country

Question: Which party was anti-slavery?
Answer: Democratic Party

Question: What has the UK political system functioned as?
Answer: a two-party (sometimes called a "two-and-a-half party") system

Question: What are the two largest political parties in the UK?
Answer: Conservative Party and the Labour Party

Question: What was the other major party before the Labour party?
Answer: Liberal Party

Question: What is Duveger's Law?
Answer: A plurality voting system usually leads to a two-party system

Question: In which case are parties not likely to gain power on their own?
Answer: in cases where there are three or more parties

Question: Is Ireland ever not led by a coalition Government?
Answer: since the forming of the Republic of Iceland there has never been a government not led by a coalition

Question: Since what date has Ireland not been led by a single power?
Answer: 1989

Question: When is political change easier?
Answer: Political change is often easier with a coalition government

Question: What are prime examples coalition governments that struggle to change policy?
Answer: post World War II France and Italy

Question: What are called factions by some people?
Answer: Political parties

Question: What are political parties lobbied by?
Answer: organizations, businesses and special interest groups

Question: What are traditional sources of funding for parties?
Answer: Money and gifts

Question: Around which time was the mass membership party started?
Answer: 19th century

Question: Why did parties that relied on donations or subscriptions run into problems?
Answer: increased scrutiny of donations there has been a long-term decline in party memberships

Question: When did parties that relied on donations start to run into problems?
Answer: second half of the 20th century

Question: In the United Kingdom, what is awarded to people who help fund the parties?
Answer: peerages

Question: Who was discovered to be selling peerages?
Answer: Lloyd George

Question: What act did parliament put into place to stop such corruptions?
Answer: Honours (Prevention of Abuses) Act

Question: What did the Honours act do?
Answer: outright sale of peerages and similar honours became a criminal act

Question: How did people attempt to overcome this law?
Answer: cloaking their contributions as loans

Question: What are the two categories of public funding?
Answer: direct, which entails a monetary transfer to a party, and indirect

Question: Which percentage of nations provide no direct or indirect public funding?
Answer: 25%

Question: What percentage of nations provide direct funding?
Answer: 58%

Question: Are parties required to reveal their funding?
Answer: required to disclose their finances to the Election management body.

Question: What percentage of nations provide indirect funding?
Answer: 60%

Question: What can also be provided by foreign aid?
Answer: funding

Question: What do international donors do to promote democracy? 
Answer: provide financing to political parties in developing countries

Question: What is another common occurrence of international support for a party? 
Answer: Developing links between ideologically linked parties

Question: What does the overseas development institute want to do?
Answer: to increase support to political parties

Question: What parties is the color green for?
Answer: Islamist parties, Nordic agrarian parties and Irish republican parties

Question: What was purple considered the color for?
Answer: royalty

Question: What parties is the color black associated with?
Answer: fascist parties

Question: Brown is associated with what parties?
Answer: Nazism

Question: What color is orange associated with?
Answer: nationalism

Question: What is the color red associated with?
Answer: right-wing Republican Party