Question: What did Peter I found on the Baltic Sea?
Answer: a new capital called Saint Petersburg

Question: What was the Victorian era of the United Kingdom? 
Answer: the period of Queen Victoria's reign

Question: Through what Period did Queen Victoria reign? 
Answer: 1837 to January 1901

Question: What did the people consider Queen Victoria reign to be?
Answer: a long period of prosperity for the British people

Question: How far back would some scholars extend Victoria's reign?
Answer: five years to the passage of the Reform Act 1832.

Question: What did defeating Napoleon leave Britain without?
Answer: any serious international rival

Question: Why did Britain adopt the role of Global Policemen?
Answer: Unchallenged at sea

Question: Britain adopting the role as global policeman is known as
Answer: Pax Britannica

Question: What was Britain's foreign policy called?
Answer: splendid isolation

Question: Britain's dominant position in the world trade allowed them to do what?
Answer: effectively controlled the economies of many nominally independent countries, such as China, Argentina and Siam

Question: What was British imperial strength replace by?
Answer: steamship and the telegraph

Question: What was the British Empire linked by in 1982?
Answer: a network of telegraph cables

Question: When were the steamship and the telegraph invented?
Answer: the second half of the 19th century

Question: How many people were added to the British Empire by 1922?
Answer: 458 million

Question: When did the British establish colonies in Australia?
Answer: 1788

Question: The Bourbon Restoration followed what event?
Answer: Napoleon I of France

Question: What is the Bourbon Restoration? 
Answer: Allies restored the Bourbon Dynasty to the French throne.

Question: What is the July Monarchy? 
Answer: a period of liberal constitutional monarchy in France under King Louis-Philippe

Question: What is the second empires?
Answer: the Imperial Bonapartist regime of Napoleon III

Question: Through what period did the second empire last?
Answer: 1852 to 1870

Question: What countries were involved in the Franco-Russian war?
Answer: France and Prussia

Question: What did the Prussian and German victory mark?
Answer: final unification of Germany under King Wilhelm I of Prussia.

Question: Name one of the groups who backed Prussia in the Franco-Russian war?
Answer: North German Confederation

Question: Prussia claimed almost all of what territory?
Answer: Alsace-Lorraine

Question: Prussia retained most of Alsace-Lorraine up until what event?
Answer: World War I.

Question: Why did European powers lay claim to areas Africa?
Answer: exhibit a sphere of influence over the area

Question: What did the European powers need to make their claim over these areas legitimate?
Answer: These claims did not have to have any substantial land holdings or treaties to be legitimate.

Question: What do European powers that exibit their control ovet an area accept?
Answer: mandate to rule that region as a national colony.

Question: What was the colonial experience for Africans described as?
Answer: hell on earth.

Question: How did the claims on the areas in Africa benefit the European powers?
Answer: colony’s commercial interests without having to fear rival European competition.

Question: What percent of the worlds population did Africa posses at the Berlin Conference?
Answer: one-fifth

Question: What was Europe's perspective o Africa containing one-fifth of the worlds population?
Answer: they were dividing an unknown continent.

Question: When did European countries establish colonies in Africa?
Answer: the mid-nineteenth century,

Question: Europe did not feel the need to posses territory in Africa until?
Answer: 1880s

Question: How did maps show Africa Before 1880?
Answer: generally showing blank spaces for the continent’s interior.

Question: Through what period did European powers expand control in Africa?
Answer: 1880s to 1914

Question: What was Europe competing for? 
Answer: Africa’s land and resources.

Question: What did Great Britain control?
Answer: various colonial holdings in East Africa

Question: Where in Africa did the French have control? 
Answer: West Africa

Question: Where in Africa did Portuguese have control? 
Answer: southern Africa

Question: What was the Meija era marked by?
Answer: the reign of the Meiji Emperor

Question: How did Japan rise to be a world power during the Meja era?
Answer: modernization

Question: When did the Meija restoration begin?
Answer: 1860s

Question: What does "Meija era"
Answer: Enlightened Rule

Question: What did Irokawa Daikichi act out against?
Answer: bureaucratic superstate

Question: Laws mandated that every able bodies Japanese citizen do what?
Answer: serve a mandatory term of three years with the first reserves and two additional years with the second reserves.

Question: Who initially rejected the Japanese laws mandating military service?
Answer: peasant and warrior alike.

Question: Who did the Japanese form their military  forces after?
Answer: French military

Question: What did the peasant class name the mandatory military service law?
Answer: ketsu-eki

Question: Where was the military academy located?
Answer: Kyoto

Question: What is the antebellum age?
Answer: a period of increasing division in the country based on the growth of slavery

Question: When did the civil was begin?
Answer: 1861

Question: When was the Antebellum age considered to have begun?
Answer: with the Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854

Question: What did The Antebellum age mark?
Answer: the transition of American manufacturing to the industrial revolution.

Question: What did northern leaders agree on about slavery?
Answer: all forms of slavery or quasi-slavery had to be eliminated.

Question: What did Lincoln do well in the war?
Answer: mobilizing support for the war goals

Question: Why couldn't the confederacy defend their ports?
Answer: The Confederacy had a larger area than it could defend

Question: General Robert E. Lee controlled what sect of the confederacy? 
Answer: the East

Question: The south could barely do what for their souldiers?
Answer: feed and clothe

Question: What happened in the Glided Age/
Answer: extravagant displays of wealth and excess of America's upper-class

Question: In what time period did the Glided Age occur?
Answer: late 19th century

Question: Where did the wealth of the Glided Age come form?
Answer: industrial and population expansion.

Question: What did Financiers refer to rich industrialist as?
Answer: robber barons

Question: What type of practices did John D. Rockefeller exhibit in the oil industry?
Answer: effective tactics and aggressive practices

Question: What creations brought in the modern industrial economy?
Answer: transportation and communication infrastructure

Question: What became the dominant form of business organization? 
Answer: the corporation

Question: What transformed business organization in 1890?
Answer: managerial revolution

Question: The Sherman Antitrust Act is the source of what?
Answer: all American anti-monopoly laws.

Question: What was he Standard Oil Group determined to be by the courts?
Answer: an "unreasonable" monopoly

Question: When did modern physics arise?
Answer: early 20th century

Question: What is the old Quantum  theory?
Answer: a collection of results which predate modern quantum mechanics, but were never complete or self-consistent.

Question: The "fifth element" was disproved by what?
Answer: Michelson-Morley experiment

Question: What is the Michelson-Morley experiment?
Answer: an attempt to detect the motion of earth through the aether

Question: What does Darwinism promote?
Answer: the theory of natural selection.

Question: Why did Chinese philosophy begin to mix with western concepts?
Answer: as steps toward modernization

Question: When did the Xinhai Revolution begin?
Answer: 1911