Question: What law did Australia make about incandescent light bulbs?
Answer: prohibited them already

Question: How is the United States treating incandescent light bulbs?
Answer: phasing out the use of incandescent light bulbs

Question: What does the acronym CCFL refer to?
Answer: cold cathode fluorescent lamps

Question: What does the acronym CFL refer to?
Answer: compact fluorescent lamps

Question: What does the acronym LED refer to?
Answer: light-emitting diode

Question: Who patented an incandescent light bulb in Russia in 1874?
Answer: Alexander Lodygin

Question: What did Lodygin use as a burner in his lamp?
Answer: two carbon rods

Question: In what year did Lodygin demonstrate a lamp at the World's Fair?
Answer: 1900

Question: What did Lodygin change his name to after moving to the USA?
Answer: Alexander de Lodyguine

Question: When did Lodygin invent his first lamp?
Answer: 1872

Question: Where did Joseph Swan demonstrate his lamp in January 1879?
Answer: at a meeting of the Newcastle Chemical Society

Question: Which vacuum pump expert helped Swan invent his lamp?
Answer: Charles Stearn

Question: Why was Swan's first lamp not commercially viable?
Answer: 'parchmentised thread'

Question: When did Swan receive a patent for parchmentised thread?
Answer: 1880

Question: What was the first public building to install electric lighting?
Answer: the Savoy Theatre in the City of Westminster, London

Question: When did Edison begin research into incandescent lighting?
Answer: 1878

Question: With what material did Edison make his first filament?
Answer: carbon

Question: How long did Edison's light burn during his first successful test in 1879?
Answer: 13.5 hours

Question: What type of wood did Edison use in his improved filament?
Answer: bamboo

Question: What was the name of the first ship to use Edison's lamp?
Answer: Columbia

Question: Who founded Electro-Dynamic Light Company?
Answer: Albon Man

Question: Who was the chief engineer at the United States Electric Lighting Company?
Answer: Hiram S. Maxim

Question: Where did Electro-Dynamic Light Company install its first lights?
Answer: Mercantile Safe Deposit Company

Question: When did Electro-Dynamic Light Company install its first lights?
Answer: fall of 1880

Question: Which company was organized first, Electro-Dynamic Light Company or United States Electric Lighting Company?
Answer: Electro-Dynamic Light Company

Question: Who developed a heat-treating method that allowed carbon filaments to be molded into shapes?
Answer: Lewis Latimer

Question: When did Latimer patent his "Process of Manufacturing Carbons"?
Answer: 17 January 1882

Question: Which company purchased Latimer's patent?
Answer: United States Electric Light Company

Question: Who employed Latimer when he developed his first patent?
Answer: Edison

Question: Which inventors patented the tungsten filament lamp?
Answer: Hungarian Sándor Just and Croatian Franjo Hanaman

Question: When did Just and Hanaman receive their patent for the tungsten filament lamp?
Answer: 13 December 1904

Question: Which company first marketed the tungsten filament lamp?
Answer: Tungsram

Question: What type of gas fills a tungsten filament bulb?
Answer: argon or nitrogen

Question: What is a common alternate name for the tungsten filament bulb in Europe?
Answer: Tungsram-bulbs

Question: What does the acronym LER refer to?
Answer: radiant luminous efficacy

Question: What is the maximum LER possible?
Answer: 683 lm/W

Question: In how many ways can one define luminous efficacy of a light source?
Answer: two ways

Question: What is the definition of radiant luminous efficacy?
Answer: the ratio of the visible light flux emitted (the luminous flux) to the total power radiated over all wavelengths

Question: What does the acronym LES refer to?
Answer: source luminous efficacy

Question: At what temperature does a thermal radiator most efficiently produce light?
Answer: 6,300 °C

Question: What is the upper limit for LER of an incandescent lamp?
Answer: 52 lumens per watt

Question: What type of radiation makes up the majority of tungsten filament emissions?
Answer: infrared radiation

Question: What is the flaw in the color of light produced by an incandescent bulb?
Answer: the light emitted does not appear white,

Question: What is the theoretical LER value of tungsten at its melting point?
Answer: 52 lumens per watt

Question: What is the purpose of white-balancing?
Answer: to avoid too "warm" or "cool" colors

Question: Of incandescent lights, fluorescent lights and LEDs, which has the best color-rendering performance?
Answer: incandescent lights

Question: What is the color rendering index of an incandescent light?
Answer: 100

Question: Why do incandescent lights have superior color rendering?
Answer: the continuous blackbody spectrum emitted from an incandescent light-bulb filament

Question: What is the highest possible color rendering index score?
Answer: 100

Question: Do fluorescent lights have a higher or lower luminous efficiency than incandescents?
Answer: higher

Question: How can luminescent light sources be modified to resemble the appearance of incandescents?
Answer: By careful selection of which electron energy level transitions are used, and fluorescent coatings which modify the spectral distribution

Question: Why are luminescent light sources not ideal for photography?
Answer: Due to the discrete spectral lines rather than a continuous spectrum

Question: What appliance requires more energy due to the use of incandescent lighting?
Answer: a building's air conditioning system

Question: Do incandescent lights have a longer or shorter life than other lighting sources?
Answer: shorter

Question: What are some factors to consider in calculating operating costs of lighting?
Answer: illumination requirements, cost of the lamp and labor cost to replace lamps (taking into account effective lamp lifetime), cost of electricity used

Question: Do incandescent lights emit more, less, or the same amount of light as they age?
Answer: less

Question: What is more cost-effective, heat from incandescent bulbs or heat from a building's heating system?
Answer: heat from the heating system

Question: Do incandescent light bulbs use more or less energy as compared to CFLs and LED lamps?
Answer: more

Question: How much does the incandescent light ban in Europe contribute to the economy each year?
Answer: 5 to 10 billion euros

Question: How much energy does the incandescent light ban in Europe save each year?
Answer: 40 TWh of electricity

Question: How much CO2 emissions does the incandescent light ban in Europe save each year?
Answer: 15 million tonnes

Question: How are laws written that bring about a ban of incandescent light bulbs?
Answer: by setting minimum efficacy standards higher than can be achieved by incandescent lamps

Question: Is the environmental performance of CFLs better or worse than that of incandescents?
Answer: better

Question: Which type of light bulbs is considered most cost effective and robust?
Answer: LED lamps

Question: What are some objections to banning incandescent bulbs?
Answer: higher initial cost of alternatives and lower quality of light of fluorescent lamps

Question: What substance in CFL bulbs raises health concerns?
Answer: mercury

Question: Do CFLs consume more, less, or the same amount of energy as incandescent bulbs?
Answer: much less

Question: Which company introduced hybrid incandescent bulbs?
Answer: Philips

Question: How much more efficient are Halogena Energy Saver bulbs compared to incandescents?
Answer: 30 percent

Question: What company first marketed light bulbs using the reflective capsule technique to increase energy efficiency?
Answer: Duro-Test

Question: What is the theoretical maximum efficiency of reflective capsule bulbs?
Answer: 270 lm/W

Question: What is the maximum efficiency of reflective capsule bulbs as tested in labs?
Answer: 45 lm/W