Question: Who plays an influential role in the formation of party policy?
Answer: A party's floor leader

Question: How are floor leaders kept informed of legislative status?
Answer: contacts with his party's members serving on House committees, and with the members of the party's whip organization

Question: In what role are the floor leader's instrumental for legislation?
Answer: guiding legislation favored by his party through the House, or in resisting those programs of the other party that are considered undesirable by his own party

Question: How much concern do minority leaders have for campaigning?
Answer: hardly any major aspect of campaigning that does not engage their attention

Question: Outside of Washington how much involvement do minority leaders have in campaigns?
Answer: travel around the country to speak on behalf of party candidates; and they encourage incumbent colleagues to make significant financial contributions

Question: Who establishes leadership PACs?
Answer: Minority leaders

Question: Does minority leader act solely to advance party objectives?
Answer: in consultation with other party colleagues

Question: Does minority leader always employ same strategy for party objectives?
Answer: options selected depend on a wide range of circumstances

Question: Does dissension and cohesion of majority party factor into minority strategy?
Answer: may provide the minority leader with greater opportunities to achieve his or her priorities than if the majority party exhibited high degrees of party cohesion

Question: What is the purpose of Obstruction?
Answer: frustrating the majority party's ability to govern or attracting press and media attention to the alleged ineffectiveness

Question: How can obstruction be employed?
Answer: motions to adjourn, appeals of the presiding officer's ruling, or numerous requests for roll call votes

Question: Is it safe to employ negative strategy?
Answer: "going negative" carries risks

Question: What may be a risk negative tactic?
Answer: if his party fails to offer policy alternatives that appeal to broad segments of the general public

Question: What important aim of minority leader pertaining to elections?
Answer: develop an electorally attractive agenda of ideas and proposals

Question: How can a minority leader attempt to set some agenda for house?
Answer: may employ, or threaten to use, discharge petitions to try and bring minority priorities to the floor.

Question: How many signatures are required on a discharge pertition?
Answer: 218

Question: What non party affiliated voters are critical for party to attract in elections?
Answer: independents and swing voters

Question: How do minority leaders keep party priorities publicized?
Answer: "talking points" for constituent meetings in their districts; they help to organize "town meetings"

Question: What items are discussed at party retreats?
Answer: issues and assess the party's public image; they create "theme teams" to craft party messages

Question: How do minority leaders gauge party preferences?
Answer: conduct surveys of party colleagues

Question: With whom does minority leader consult and participate in news conference?
Answer: counterparts in the Senate—and with the president if their party controls the White House

Question: What is the overall party strategy for minority leader?
Answer: develop a coordinated communications strategy, to share ideas and information, and to present a united front on issues

Question: What speaking obligations does minority leader have?
Answer: floor speeches and close debate on major issues before the House; they deliver addresses in diverse forums across the country

Question: What are the purpose of minority leader writings?
Answer: write books or articles that highlight minority party goals and achievements

Question: How often does minority leader speak with president when party controls white house?
Answer: minority leader confers regularly with the President and his aides about issues before Congress

Question: What was Robert Michel's role as minority leader?
Answer: point man" for Republican presidents

Question: Is the minority leader's strategic role always consitent?
Answer: will vary depending on whether the President is of the same party or the other party

Question: What is the difference in role for Minority leader when majority party holds white house?
Answer: assumes a larger role in formulating alternatives to executive branch initiatives and in acting as a national spokesperson for his or her party

Question: What was Gerald Ford's role as minority leader under Johnson administration?
Answer: propose Republican alternatives

Question: What did Ford's alternatives provide for republican's?
Answer: political protection

Question: What options do minority party have in amendment phase?
Answer: offer our program as a substitute

Question: If minority party loses committ of the whole, then what motion may be filed?
Answer: motion to recommit and get a vote on that

Question: If recommit fails, then what choice needs to be made by minority representatives?
Answer: say we did our best to come up with a better alternative. Or they could vote for it and make the same argument

Question: What is a good technique to foster party harmony?
Answer: appointment of task forces

Question: What colleagues are best to work with to reach a consensus?
Answer: partisan colleagues with conflicting views

Question: What does the creation of leadership positions allow for?
Answer: way to reach out and involve a greater diversity of partisans in the leadership structure

Question: Who is the chief vote counter for party?
Answer: The Chief Deputy Whip

Question: Who holds the highest appointed Republican position in House?
Answer: Patrick McHenry.

Question: Who is the leader of chief deputy whips in democratic conference?
Answer: Senior Chief Deputy Whip

Question: How long has democratic leader of whips held position?
Answer: senior chief deputy minority whip, John Lewis, has held his post since 1991

Question: Where do Armenians mostly live besides Armenia?
Answer: Nagorno-Karabakh Republic

Question: How many Armenians live outside Armenia and the republic within it?
Answer: around 5 million

Question: Where do most emigrant Armenians live?
Answer: Russia, the United States, France, Georgia, Iran, Ukraine, Lebanon, and Syria

Question: Why did many Armenians leave Armenia?
Answer: the Armenian Genocide

Question: How long ago has the term 'Armenia' been used?
Answer: around the 6th century BC

Question: What is the earliest known use of 'Armenians'?
Answer: 476 BC

Question: Who wrote the earliest known use of 'Armenians'?
Answer: Hecataeus of Miletus

Question: Who described Armenian life in 401 BC?
Answer: Xenophon

Question: What did Xenophon say Armenian language sounded like?
Answer: Persians

Question: What mountain does Armenia surround?
Answer: Mount Ararat

Question: What era was the Hittite Empire in?
Answer: the Bronze Age

Question: When did the Hayasa-Azzi rule?
Answer: 1600–1200 BC

Question: When did the Arme-Shupria rule?
Answer: 1300s–1190 BC

Question: When did the Nairi rule?
Answer: 1400–1000 BC

Question: What subgroup does Hamp put the Armenian language in?
Answer: Pontic Indo-European

Question: Where does Hamp say the Pontic Indo-European languages originate?
Answer: the northeast coast of the Black Sea and its hinterlands

Question: What languages does Hamp say are similar to Armenian?
Answer: Greek and Ancient Macedonian

Question: When was Armenia established?
Answer: in the late 6th century BC

Question: What famous inscription mentioned Armenia?
Answer: the Achaemenid Behistun Inscription

Question: During which dynasty was Armenia established?
Answer: Orontid dynasty

Question: When was Armenia at its largest?
Answer: 95–65 BC

Question: What was the first country to make Christianity its official religion?
Answer: The Arsacid Kingdom of Armenia