Question: Roman civil law was written and codified into a unified system by what group?
Answer: the Corpus Juris Civilis

Question: Under what Emperor did this group sit?
Answer: Justinian I

Question: What empire did Justinian preside over?
Answer: the Byzantine Empire

Question: Literary devices are employed for what reason?
Answer: produce specific effects

Question: What is one form of narration in literature?
Answer: first-person

Question: What are two types of narrative structure in literature?
Answer: linear narrative or a nonlinear narrative

Question: Why would an author utilize experimental narratives in literature?
Answer: to surprise the reader

Question: In what type of writing would a more familiar, standard literary narrative structure be employed?
Answer: a conventional murder-mystery novel

Question: What was the term used to describe the age in which Ibn Sina created a big body of work?
Answer: the Islamic Golden Age

Question: What is one example of the type of translations done in the Islamic Golden Age?
Answer: Persian

Question: What school translated Greco-Roman texts during the Islamic Golden Age?
Answer: the Kindi school

Question: What was one dynasty that provided a great atmosphere for cultural development?
Answer: the Buyid dynasty

Question: What city was known as a cultural capital of the Islamic world?
Answer: Baghdad

Question: What was one subject that Avicenna further developed?
Answer: theology

Question: Who is another philosopher during this Islamic Golden Age?
Answer: Al-Farabi

Question: What is the name of one library that Avicenna had access to?
Answer: Hamadan

Question: Who was the famous astronomer that Avicenna met before he left Khwarezm?
Answer: Al-Biruni

Question: What text was proof that Avicenna debated philosophy with some of the greatest scholars of the time?
Answer: the 'Ahd with Bahmanyar

Question: What present-day country was Avicenna born in?
Answer: Uzbekistan

Question: What Samanid dynasty capital was Avicenna born near?
Answer: Bukhara

Question: What present-day country is Avicenna's father thought to have come from?
Answer: Afghanistan

Question: What was Avicenna's mother's name?
Answer: Setareh

Question: By what age had Avicenna learned the entire Quran?
Answer: ten

Question: What secret society was Avicenna considered to be a follower of?
Answer: the Brethren of Purity

Question: Who thought that Avicenna was a Brethren of Purity follower?
Answer: Medieval historian Ẓahīr al-dīn al-Bayhaqī

Question: What Islamic denomination was Avicenna thought to be a member of?
Answer: Sunni

Question: Who thought Avicenna was a Shia?
Answer: Nurullah Shushtari

Question: What was the name of one man who thought Avicenna was Sunni?
Answer: Jules J. Janssens

Question: What had Avicenna memorized by the age of 10?
Answer: Quran

Question: Who did Avicenna learn Indian arithmetic from?
Answer: ءMahmoud Massahi

Question: What did Avicenna learn from the Sunni scholar Ismail al-Zahid?
Answer: Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence)

Question: What was one philosophy book that Avicenna was taught from?
Answer: Euclid's Elements

Question: What unpopular philosopher's text did Avicenna learn from?
Answer: Abu Abdullah Nateli

Question: What text could Avicenna not understand?
Answer: the Metaphysics of Aristotle

Question: What helped Avicenna understand the Metaphysics of Aristotle?
Answer: al-Farabi's commentary

Question: How long did Avicenna study philosophy?
Answer: year and a half

Question: How many times did Avicenna read through the Metaphysics of Aristotle?
Answer: Forty times

Question: How much did Avicenna pay for the book that helped him understand the Aristotle text?
Answer: three dirhams

Question: At what age did Avicenna turn to away from philosophy?
Answer: 16

Question: What subject did Avicenna start studying at 16?
Answer: medicine

Question: Avicenna became a qualified physician at what age?
Answer: 18

Question: Avicenna found medicine to be much easier than what subject?
Answer: mathematics

Question: Who was Ibn Sina's first appontment?
Answer: the emir, Nuh II

Question: What did Ibn Sina receive as payment for helping the emir?
Answer: access to the royal library of the Samanids

Question: Why did some accuse Ibn Sina of burning down the royal library?
Answer: to conceal the sources of his knowledge

Question: Who did Ibn Sina assist in his financial labors?
Answer: his father

Question: What year did the emir Null II recover from his illness?
Answer: 997

Question: At what age did Avicenna lose his father?
Answer: 22

Question: What dynasty ended in December 1004?
Answer: The Samanid dynasty

Question: What modern country did Ibn Sina travel to after the end of the Samanid dynasty?
Answer: Turkmenistan

Question: What is one district that Ibn Sina traveled through in search of more work?
Answer: Nishapur

Question: Who did Ibn Sina turn down in order to travel westwards after the Samanid dynasty ended?
Answer: Mahmud of Ghazni

Question: What city did Ibn Sina settle in?
Answer: Rey

Question: What modern city of today was Rey in the vicinity of?
Answer: Tehran

Question: How many of Ibn Sina's shorter works were said to have been created in Rey?
Answer: thirty

Question: Ibn Sina left Rey and moved southwards to what city?
Answer: Hamadãn

Question: What office did Ibn Sina receive in Hamadan?
Answer: office of vizier

Question: Where did Ibn Sina hope to flee to after Hamadan?
Answer: city of Isfahan

Question: What two cities were at war during this time?
Answer: Isfahan and Hamadãn

Question: What year did Isfahan gain victory over Hamadan?
Answer: 1024

Question: What mercenaries were expelled after Isfahan's victory over Hamadan?
Answer: the Tajik

Question: How did Ibn Sina escape from Hamadan?
Answer: in the dress of a Sufi ascetic

Question: In what language was most of Ibn Sina's works written in?
Answer: Arabic

Question: What is one subject that Ibn SIna specialized in?
Answer: ethics

Question: Ibn Sina also wrote some of his works in what other language?
Answer: Persian

Question: What famous philosopher did Ibn Sina criticize heavily?
Answer: Aristotle

Question: What is one of the subjects of a treatise by Ibn Sina?
Answer: Metaphysics

Question: Ibn Sina's Book of Healing was partially available in what language?
Answer: Latin

Question: How many years did it take for Ibn Sina's Book of Healing to be available in Latin?
Answer: fifty

Question: On what continent was the Book of Healing finally available fifty years after its composition?
Answer: Europe

Question: What was the title of Ibn Sina's Book of Healing?
Answer: Sufficientia

Question: Who did Avicenna's metaphysics works have an influence on?
Answer: Thomas Aquinas

Question: What does Islamic philosophy more clearly explain than Aristotelianism?
Answer: essence and existence

Question: Who does Ibn Sina's philosophy owe much to?
Answer: al-Farabi

Question: What is early Islamic metaphysics imbued with?
Answer: Islamic theology

Question: What did Avicenna start an inquiry into?
Answer: the question of being

Question: What two points did he write about?
Answer: essence (Mahiat) and existence (Wujud)

Question: Who also began an inquiry into the question of being?
Answer: al-Farabi

Question: What is the Arabic term for existence?
Answer: Wujud

Question: Mahiat is Arabic for what?
Answer: essence

Question: What is one modality of being that Avicenna analyzed?
Answer: necessity

Question: According to Avicenna, what could eventually be actualized by an external cause?
Answer: contingency-in-itself

Question: What is the necessary according to Avicenna?
Answer: the source of its own being without borrowed existence

Question: According to Avicenna, what always exists?
Answer: The necessary

Question: If necessary being is true in itself, what is contingent?
Answer: false in itself

Question: The necessary exists due to what?
Answer: Its-Self