Question: In the Late Middle Ages, who was allowed to drink wine at Mass?
Answer: the clergy

Question: When did Thomas à Kempis die?
Answer: 1471

Question: In what year did the Church condemn witches?
Answer: 1484

Question: In what year was the Malleus Maleficarum published?
Answer: 1486

Question: What was the Malleus Maleficarum?
Answer: handbook for witch-hunters

Question: What school of thought was Duns Scotus opposed to?
Answer: scholasticism

Question: Before Roman law, what were areas of jurisprudence traditionally decided by?
Answer: customary law

Question: What country did not see the increasing influence of Roman law?
Answer: England

Question: Along with Castile and Poland, what country developed a law code in the Later Middle Ages?
Answer: Lithuania

Question: What Platonic idea lost influence as a result of the work of Ockham and Duns Scotus?
Answer: universals

Question: What was the main purpose of education in this period?
Answer: training of future clergy

Question: Along with rhetoric and logic, what constituted the trivium?
Answer: grammar

Question: About what percentage of European men were literate in 1500?
Answer: ten

Question: In 1500, approximately what percent of European women could read?
Answer: one

Question: Along with their family, who typically taught a child letters and numbers?
Answer: a village priest

Question: Along with Dante and Boccaccio, who was a notable Italian author of the 14th century?
Answer: Petrarch

Question: When did Chaucer die?
Answer: 1400

Question: Who was a notable female French author of this period?
Answer: Christine de Pizan

Question: In what language was most religious literature of this period written?
Answer: Latin

Question: Along with Johannes Tauler, who was a prominent German mystic of this period?
Answer: Meister Eckhart

Question: Explorers in the employ of what nation discovered the Azores?
Answer: Portugal

Question: What leader sponsored the expedition that discovered Cape Verde?
Answer: Prince Henry the Navigator

Question: What Portuguese explorer visited India in 1498?
Answer: Vasco da Gama

Question: What did Christopher Columbus discover in 1492?
Answer: the Americas

Question: What English monarch financed John Cabot?
Answer: Henry VII

Question: Along with light cavalry, what military arm was used with increasing frequency in the Late Middle Ages?
Answer: infantry

Question: What troops were uniquely successful in English service?
Answer: longbowmen

Question: What influenced the increasing development of armor?
Answer: the increasing power of crossbows

Question: What weapons were notably employed by the Swiss infantry?
Answer: pikes

Question: Along with crossbows, what was plate armor designed to defend against?
Answer: hand-held guns

Question: What was replaced by the spinning wheel?
Answer: the traditional distaff

Question: What invention replaced laces on clothing?
Answer: buttons

Question: What new type of windmill was invented in this period?
Answer: the tower mill

Question: In what country did the blast furnace first appear?
Answer: Sweden

Question: Where did patent law originate?
Answer: Venice

Question: Around what year did the International Gothic style flourish?
Answer: 1400

Question: What is a notable masterpiece of the International Gothic style?
Answer: the Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry

Question: Along with the Trecento, what period occurred in Italy during the Late Middle Ages?
Answer: Early Renaissance

Question: Who produced most of the Hispano-Moresque pottery?
Answer: Mudéjar potters

Question: What is a notable piece of surviving Late Middle Age royal plate?
Answer: the Royal Gold Cup

Question: Who carved the Pulpit in Sant'Andrea?
Answer: Giovanni Pisano

Question: Along with being carved, how were altarpieces often decorated in this period?
Answer: Painted

Question: When did Rogier van der Weyden die?
Answer: 1464

Question: Of what nationality was Jan van Eyck?
Answer: Netherlandish

Question: What does incunabula refer to?
Answer: works printed before 1500

Question: Along with the Renaissance, during what period were the Middle Ages disparaged?
Answer: Enlightenment

Question: What era did Renaissance scholars negatively compare the Middle Ages to?
Answer: the Classical world

Question: How did scholars of the Enlightenment see the Middle Ages?
Answer: as a time of ignorance and superstition

Question: What did Enlightenment scholars consider to be inferior to reason?
Answer: faith

Question: What is Edward Grant a historian of?
Answer: Science

Question: Who argued that scholars in the Middle Ages were rarely coerced by the Church?
Answer: David Lindberg

Question: According to Grant, the medieval use of reason was the forerunner the revolutionary rationalism of what century?
Answer: 18th

Question: During what century was it first proposed that people in the Middle Ages thought the Earth was flat?
Answer: 19th

Question: Along with autopsies, what is it erroneously believed that the medieval Church forbade?
Answer: dissections

Question: According to a misconception, what did the rise of Christianity destroy?
Answer: ancient science

Question: According to another misconception, what field of study was the medieval Church opposed to?
Answer: natural philosophy

Question: Along with Lindberg, who is a notable scholar of the Middle Ages?
Answer: Ronald Numbers

Question: What is phonology a branch of?
Answer: linguistics

Question: What kind of systems are the traditional focus of phonology? 
Answer: phonemes

Question: The study of sign language is a part of what?
Answer: Phonology

Question: What part of a language can phonology as a word also refer to?
Answer: the phonological system

Question: What is another term for phonological system?
Answer: sound system

Question: Aside from syntax and the phonological system, what else comprises a language?
Answer: vocabulary

Question: What sort of language system is phonology?
Answer: fundamental

Question: What branch of linguistics is phonology distinguished from?
Answer: phonetics

Question: What kind of linguistics is phonetics considered to be a part of?
Answer: descriptive

Question: Phonology is generally considered a part of the theoretical side of what discipline?
Answer: linguistics

Question: When was the phonome's modern concept developed?
Answer: mid 20th century

Question: What subfield of modern phonology other than phsycholinguistics crosses over with phonetics? 
Answer: speech perception

Question: What language does phonology as a word come from?
Answer: Greek

Question: What Greek word is -logy derived from?
Answer: lógos

Question: Who in 1939 defined phonology?
Answer: Nikolai Trubetzkoy

Question: A distinction was drawn between language and what?
Answer: speech

Question: When did Lass write about phonology?
Answer: 1998

Question: What type of grammar was phonology first a part of?
Answer: Sanskrit

Question: What is the name of ancient Sanskrit grammar?
Answer: Ashtadhyayi

Question: Who first composed the Ashtadhyayi?
Answer: Pāṇini

Question: During what time period did Panini do his work?
Answer: 4th century BC

Question: What other text was related to the Ashtadhyayi?
Answer: the Shiva Sutras

Question: When was the phoneme as a concept introduced?
Answer: 1876

Question: Who was Jan Baudouin de Courtenay's student?
Answer: Mikołaj Kruszewski

Question: What nationality was de Courtenay?
Answer: Polish

Question: What was de Courtenay's profession?
Answer: scholar

Question: Who was influenced by  Jan Baudouin de Courtenay?
Answer: Ferdinand de Saussure

Question: What was Nikolai Trubetzkoy's publication?
Answer: Principles of Phonology

Question: When was Principles of Phonology published?
Answer: 1939

Question: What is Trubetzkoy considered to have founded?
Answer: morphophonology

Question: What school was Trubetzkoy a member of?
Answer: the Prague school.

Question: What was Trubetzkoy's title?
Answer: Prince