Question: Where was most of the CIA's intelligence coming from before 1950?
Answer: the Office of Reports and Estimates

Question: Who wanted the CIA to have a central group that organized information for him?
Answer: Truman

Question: What did the Department of defense want from the CIA?
Answer: military intelligence and covert action

Question: What was the State Department hoping for the CIA to do?
Answer: create global political change favorable to the US

Question: What was one of the main targets of intelligence gathering?
Answer: the Soviet Union

Question: Who created the Office of Special Operations?
Answer: Hoyt Vandenberg

Question: What does ORE stand for?
Answer: Office of Reports and Estimates

Question: What was the Office of Special Operations initial budget?
Answer: $15 million

Question: Who was the OSO trying to track and gain intelligence on?
Answer: the Soviet forces

Question: In what year was directive 10/2 issued?
Answer: 1948

Question: Who was the head of the OPC?
Answer: Frank Wisner

Question: Most CIA stations had how many chiefs?
Answer: two

Question: Directive 10/2 called for actions against who?
Answer: the USSR

Question: How many troops did the Chinese enter into the Korean War?
Answer: 300,000

Question: Who compromised hundreds of airdrops?
Answer: Kim Philby

Question: Who was a Russian translator and Soviet Spy?
Answer: Bill Weisband

Question: What type of stimuli causes pain?
Answer: intense or damaging

Question: What type of feeling is pain?
Answer: distressing

Question: Why has defining pain been a challenge?
Answer: complex, subjective phenomenon

Question: What organization's definition is widely used?
Answer: The International Association for the Study of Pain

Question: In medical diagnosis, what is pain considered?
Answer: a symptom

Question: What is the most common reason people go to the doctor in first world countries?
Answer: Pain

Question: How can pain effect a person's quality of life and general functioning?
Answer: interfere

Question: Excitement and distraction are what type of factors which affect pain's intensity?
Answer: Psychological

Question: What has pain sometimes been used as an argument to allow terminally ill patients the right to do?
Answer: end their lives

Question: What year did the IASP respond to the need to create a more useful system for describing pain?
Answer: 1994

Question: How many classes of pain does the IASP system note?
Answer: 5

Question: Who has criticized the IASP's system?
Answer: Clifford J. Woolf and others

Question: What do some people feel the IASP's system is inadequate for?
Answer: guiding research and treatment

Question: How many classes of research does Woolf encourage?
Answer: three

Question: What is usually temporary?
Answer: Pain

Question: How long does pain tend to last?
Answer: only until the noxious stimulus is removed

Question: What is pain which resolves quickly called?
Answer: acute

Question: What has the distinction between acute and chronic pain been arbitrarily measured by?
Answer: interval of time from onset

Question: What might chronic pain sometimes be referred to as?
Answer: cancer pain

Question: Stimulating nociceptors will induce which type of pain?
Answer: Nociceptive

Question: How is nociceptive pain classified?
Answer: according to the mode of noxious stimulation

Question: The thermal category of pain deals with which two temperature ranges?
Answer: heat or cold

Question: Crushing, tearing and shearing are examples of which type of pain?
Answer: mechanical

Question: What is the term for nociceptors which respond to more than one type of stimuli?
Answer: polymodal

Question: What type of of pain is visceral a division of?
Answer: Nociceptive

Question: What type of structures are sensitive to being stretched but not very sensitive to burning?
Answer: Visceral

Question: Which type of pain is dull, aching and hard to pin-point?
Answer: Deep somatic

Question: What can visceral pain be accompanied by?
Answer: nausea and vomiting

Question: What type of pain are first degree burns classified as causing?
Answer: Superficial

Question: What percentage of people who've had upper limbs amputated feel phantom pain?
Answer: nearly 82%

Question: What is the percentage of of phantom pain felt by lower limb amputees?
Answer: 54%

Question: What may accompany urination for amputees? 
Answer: phantom limb pain

Question: What may happen with intact body parts if there is continuous pain for a long period?
Answer: become sensitized

Question: After six months, what percentage of people who had limbs amputated still felt pain in those limbs?
Answer: 65 percent

Question: What happens when an anesthetic injection is directed into the nerves a limb stump?
Answer: may relieve pain

Question: How long can an anesthetic, at max, relieve pain for, despite wearing off in only hours?
Answer: permanently

Question: What is injected in small amounts into the soft tissue between vertebrae to produce local pain?
Answer: hypertonic saline

Question: Vibrating the stump of an amputee's limb can produce what in some patients?
Answer: relief

Question: What is paraplegia?
Answer: loss of sensation and voluntary motor control

Question: What is the initial phantom body pain sensation experienced by people with spinal cord damage?
Answer: burning or tingling

Question: What can cause paraplegia?
Answer: serious spinal cord damage,

Question: What is an inefficient treatment for chronic pain which rarely provides any sort of true relief?
Answer: Surgical

Question: The sensation of a knife twisting in the flesh is an example of what type of pain?
Answer: phantom body

Question: What triad are the inventory scales of hysteria, depression and hypochondriasis classified as?
Answer: neurotic

Question: When people have long-term pain, what do they frequently display?
Answer: psychological disturbance

Question: Clinical evidence indicates that neuroticism is caused by what?
Answer: chronic pain

Question: If long-term pain can be relieved by therapy, what does a person's neurotic triad score do?
Answer: fall

Question: What shows improvement in many patients once their pain has been resolved?
Answer: Self-esteem

Question: What is the term for pain which is acute and note alleviated by normal pain management?
Answer: Breakthrough

Question: How do cancer patients usually control their background pain?
Answer: medications

Question: Who is breakthrough pain common among?
Answer: cancer patients

Question: What class of medication is fentanyl an example of?
Answer: opioids

Question: What activity in relation to breakthrough pain requires heavy use of opiods?
Answer: Management

Question: Which type of injection has caused patients to report they have pain but aren't bothered by it?
Answer: morphine

Question: How much do some patients going through psychosurgery suffer from the sensation of pain?
Answer: little, or not at all

Question: IASP's definition of pain includes what aspect as an essential part?
Answer: unpleasantness

Question: What is it possible to induce which is, contrary to expectations, devoid of unpleasantness?
Answer: a state described as intense pain

Question: What perspective towards pain are some people with perfectly normal nerves born with?
Answer: Indifference

Question: An abnormality of the nervous system can render a small number of people insensitive to what?
Answer: pain

Question: What is it known as when someone is born without being able to feel pain because of their nervous system?
Answer: congenital insensitivity to pain

Question: What happens to children with congenital insensitivity to pain?
Answer: repeated damage to their tongues, eyes, joints, skin, and muscles

Question: What is the life expectancy for people who can't feel pain?
Answer: reduced

Question: What gene is responsible for coding for a sodium channel necessary for conducting pain nerve stimuli?
Answer: SCN9A