Question: Who was Mehmed's successor?
Answer: Bayezid

Question: Who did Mehmed and Bayezid encourage to come to Istanbul?
Answer: the Jews from different parts of Europe

Question: What group were Jews being persecuted by in Europe?
Answer: their Christian counterparts

Question: Persecution of Jews in Spain occurred after what event concluded?
Answer: the conclusion of Reconquista

Question: The economic goal of the state was to serve as what for the ruler?
Answer: consolidation and extension of the ruler's power

Question: In what regions concepts was the Ottoman economic system based on?
Answer: the Middle East

Question: What was a way to reach the economic goals of the Ottoman economic system?
Answer: making the productive classes prosperous

Question: What was the final goal of the state economic system?
Answer: to increase the state revenues without damaging the prosperity of subjects

Question: What did the state economic system hope to avoid?
Answer: the emergence of social disorder

Question: Two of the most developed economic organizations under the Ottoman Empire were what?
Answer: the treasury and chancery

Question: What were the scribes of the chancery known as?
Answer: men of the pen

Question: Part of the scribal bureaucracy were trained what?
Answer: ulama

Question: What did the scribal bureaucracy become?
Answer: a professional body

Question: The Ottoman Empire had the most developed economic organizations among Islamic Governments until which century?
Answer: the 17th century

Question: What serviced as the foundation for the structure of the economy of the Ottoman empire?
Answer: its geopolitical structure

Question: The Ottoman Empire caused navigators from which two nations to find another route to the Orient?
Answer: Spanish and Portuguese

Question: Who once used the spice route that the Ottoman Empire controlled?
Answer: Marco Polo

Question: When were direct trade links established with India?
Answer: 1498

Question: When did Christopher Columbus sail to the Bahamas?
Answer: 1492

Question: What is believed to have caused the opening of new sea routes during the Ottoman Empire?
Answer: change in relations between the Ottoman Turks and central Europe

Question: The formation of sea routes bypassing the Middle East may have led to the decline of what?
Answer: the Ottoman Empire itself

Question: What is another name for the Treaty of Balta Liman?
Answer: The Anglo-Ottoman Treaty

Question: What did the Treaty of Balta Liman do for Ottoman markets?
Answer: opened the Ottoman markets directly to English and French competitors

Question: In what direction did land routes lose their importance?
Answer: East

Question: The development of what caused people to expand areas of cultivation in the Ottoman Empire?
Answer: commercial centres and routes

Question: What dominated all economic and political interests?
Answer: interests of the state

Question: What were the types of economies that were being developed in western Europe?
Answer: capitalist and mercantile economies

Question: The expansion of international trade through the Empire was the result of what?
Answer: developing commercial centres and routes

Question: The rise of ports caused what in populations?
Answer: the clustering of populations

Question: Steamships and railroads rose with what else?
Answer: The rise of port cities

Question: In what year did urbanization in the Ottoman empire begin to increase?
Answer: 1700

Question: What were two improvements that made cities more desirable to live in?
Answer: Improvements in health and sanitation

Question: What was the population of Salonica in 1800?
Answer: 55,000

Question: The annexation of what two regions resulted in large groups of Muslim refugees coming into the empire?
Answer: the Crimean and Balkan regions

Question: Muslims representing 200,000 of what group fled to Dobruja?
Answer: Crimean Tartars

Question: How many refugees fled Russia to the Ottoman Empire from 1783 to 1913?
Answer: 3.8 million

Question: What are the people from the Balkans who emigrated to Turkey called?
Answer: Muhacir

Question: In what year did the Ottoman Empire end?
Answer: 1922

Question: What was the official language of the Ottoman Empire?
Answer: Ottoman Turkish

Question: What were the main influences of the official language of the Empire?
Answer: Persian and Arabic

Question: What language was spoken by most people in Anatolia?
Answer: Turkish

Question: Which languages influenced by the empire was spoken in Iraq?
Answer: Arabic

Question: What language was used for religious uses in the Empire?
Answer: Arabic

Question: What was the public's literacy rate in leading up to the early 19th century in the empire?
Answer: about 2–3%

Question: At the end of the 19th century what was the literacy rate for the public in the Empire believed to be?
Answer: 15%

Question: What did people resort to when they needed to communicate with the government?
Answer: people had to hire scribes

Question: What were hired scribes known as?
Answer: "special request-writers" (arzuhâlcis)

Question: What was the second language of those that weren't ethnically Turkish?
Answer: Turkish

Question: The Empire had a Christian majority until what time?
Answer: the second half of the 15th century

Question: What group ruled the empire until the 15th century?
Answer: a Muslim minority

Question: What group began to decline within the Empire in the late 19th century?
Answer: the non-Muslim population

Question: Muslims accounted for what amount of the population of the Empire in the 1820s?
Answer: 60%

Question: In 1914 what portion of the Empire weren't Muslims?
Answer: 19.1%

Question: The Muslim sect known as the Druze is considered what?
Answer: heretical

Question: What was Sultan Selim I's nickname?
Answer: the Grim

Question: In what year did Sultan Selim I order the massacre of 40,000 people whom he considered heretics?
Answer: 1514

Question: What group did Sultan Selim I consider heretics and subsequently slaughter?
Answer: Anatolian Alevis (Qizilbash)

Question: Under Sultan Selim I the empire swallowed what sultanate in Egypt?
Answer: Mamluk Sultanate

Question: What system deemed non-Muslims subjects of the empire but unbound by Muslim law?
Answer: the millet system

Question: What code had been active for 900 years in the Byzantine empire?
Answer: Justinian's Code

Question: What were non-Muslims also known as in the Islamic Ottoman State?
Answer: zimmi

Question: Being a non-muslim in the Empire resulted in what as it related to taxes?
Answer: higher taxes

Question: What millet was subject to Justinian's Code?
Answer: The Orthodox millet

Question: The Ottoman dynasty was preceded by what sultanate?
Answer: Sultanate of Rum

Question: What is one way that the Empire was described as it related to culture?
Answer: Persianate empire

Question: When the Ottoman empire conquered a region what also became a part of the empire?
Answer: some of the traditions, art and institutions of cultures

Question: The Seljuk Empire was influenced by the cultures of others resulting in it being referred to as what?
Answer: Persianised

Question: What type of Ottoman poetry is ritualized?
Answer: Divan poetry

Question: What kind of poetry inspired Ottoman Divan Poetry?
Answer: Persian poetry

Question: What type of framework was Divan poetry based on?
Answer: a strict metrical framework

Question: What was the romance genre of Divan poetry known as?
Answer: mesnevî

Question: What make up the largest portion of Divan poetry?
Answer: gazels (which make up the greatest part of the repertoire of the tradition), or kasîdes.

Question: Prose in the Ottoman empire did not develop to a higher level until which century?
Answer: the 19th century

Question: What rules did Ottoman prose have to follow?
Answer: the rules of sec (سجع, also transliterated as seci), or rhymed prose