Question: What witch was reputed to be able to stop the rotation of the heavens?
Answer: Erichtho

Question: Who consulted a witch before the battle of Pharsalus?
Answer: Sextus Pompeius

Question: What natural order was Erichtho accused of undermining?
Answer: order of gods

Question: How was Erichtho portrayed?
Answer: stereotypical witch

Question: From what country did Erichtho come?
Answer: Thessaly

Question: What forbid harmful  incantations?
Answer: Twelve Tables

Question: What deities were on the edge of Roman religious community? 
Answer: Chthonic

Question: What could public rites and magic easily become in some circumstances?
Answer: indistinguishable

Question: What did people seeking the aid of magicians avoid?
Answer: public gaze

Question: Where was magic conducted in Rome?
Answer: outside the sacred boundary

Question: What science has confirmed the existence of magic use from early times?
Answer: Archaeology

Question: What was the term for binding spells in the Roman world?
Answer: defixiones

Question: What did the elite use instead of spells and potions to redress a wrong?
Answer: law and justice

Question: Until what era did spells persist in the empire?
Answer: 7th century AD

Question: What era produced a decline in the use of spells?
Answer: Christian era

Question: What male group dominated all aspects of Rome?
Answer: aristocracy

Question: Of what class was more than half of Rome's population?
Answer: slave or free non-citizens

Question: What was the lowest class of Roman citizens?
Answer: plebeians

Question: How many adult males were able to vote in Rome?
Answer: Less than a quarter

Question: What organization was Rome's official caretaker?
Answer: the senate

Question: The link between what groups was necessary to Rome?
Answer: religious and political

Question: Where was the basic power in Rome to be found?
Answer: patrician elite

Question: What group was excluded from high offices ?
Answer: plebeians

Question: Who did the Senate select to settle a strike by the lower classes?
Answer: Camillus

Question: To whom was a temple dedicated at the settlement of the strike?
Answer: Concordia

Question: What did the patrician electorate keep in spite of a new plebeian nobility? 
Answer: political traditions and religious cults

Question: What cult arrived from southern Italy?
Answer: Dionysus

Question: During what time did the Dionysus cult become popular?
Answer: Punic crisis

Question: To what Roman god was Dionysus similar?
Answer: Bacchus

Question: With loyalty a necessity, what censorship did not need to be enforced?
Answer: divine hierarchy

Question: What appointment was the start of Cesar's political rise?
Answer: pontifex maximus

Question: What did the Augustan settlement signify in Rome's classes?
Answer: cultural shift

Question: What did the claims of officials imply about the nature of the individuals?
Answer: divinely inspired

Question: In what year was Cesar made pontifex maximus?
Answer: 63 BC

Question: How were opportunities limited in the principate for the citizens of Rome?
Answer: by law

Question: At the end of the regal period, what class was kept out of the state political and priesthood arenas?
Answer: plebeian

Question: With whom did Rome have alliances at the end of the regal period?
Answer: neighbours

Question: What goddess became a part of the Capitoline triad?
Answer: Minerva

Question: In what style was the temple to Minerva built?
Answer: Etruscan

Question: What gods were in the Capitoline triad?
Answer: Jupiter, Juno and Minerva

Question: Whose cult appeared from Africa at the time of the Latin League?
Answer: Diana

Question: To whom was a new temple dedicated on the Alban Mount?
Answer: Jupiter Latiaris

Question: What cult was formed at the ars maxima in the Forum Boarium ?
Answer: Hercules

Question: For what group was Castor a patron?
Answer: cavalry

Question: From where was Venus brought and lodged on the Capitoline Hill?
Answer: Sicily

Question: What cult appeared from Pessinus in 206 BC?
Answer: Magna Mater

Question: What cult was brought in to Rome after the Great Mother cult?
Answer: Bacchus

Question: In what year did the Senate declare the Bacchus subversive?
Answer: 186 BC

Question: In what year was Diana  brought into the pomerium?
Answer: 179 BC

Question: What god was introduced in Rome in 138 BC?
Answer: Mars

Question: The spread of all things Greek provided what for the interpretation of Rome's religions?
Answer: model

Question: What writer defined the development of the gods?
Answer: Euhemerus

Question: At the end of the Republic, who read the Stoic interpretations of Roman gods and religion?
Answer: literate elite

Question: What factors sustained the beliefs in gods according to Varro?
Answer: devotion and cult.

Question: What theory claims that popular belief was based on fiction?
Answer: Euhemerus' theory

Question: What did many Romans claim in the Republican era?
Answer: divine ancestor

Question: What style of claim did Romans favor as a link to the gods?
Answer: personal claim

Question: Of what were such claims of deity relations the start?
Answer: Imperial cult

Question: What deity did the Julii claim as an ancestor?
Answer: Venus Genetrix

Question: What author further elaborated on the imperial claim of godhood? 
Answer: Vergil

Question: By the end of the Republic, what offices were increasingly joined?
Answer: religious and political

Question: What Roman figure was given wide and lifeime powers?
Answer: Augustus

Question: How many priesthoods was Augustus given?
Answer: unprecedented number

Question: How were Augustus's reforms viewed?
Answer: adaptive, restorative and regulatory

Question: As a return to what did Augustus portray the Vestals in his reforms?
Answer: Roman morality

Question: From what were countries in the empire free?
Answer: Roman religious law

Question: What were Rome's policies in regards to foreign peoples?
Answer: inclusionist policies

Question: What was Rome's policy towards government?
Answer: Autonomy and concord

Question: What did foreign cults gradually begin to display in similarity to Roman cults? 
Answer: Romanised

Question: What was Rome not demanding of in religion of foreign areas of the empire?
Answer: centralised legal requirement

Question: What style of religious dedication was not uncommon for outer border areas?
Answer: diis deabusque omnibus

Question: What type of household gods and cults did soldiers bring to outer areas?
Answer: domestic

Question: To whom did Roman soldiers set up alters?
Answer: traditional gods

Question: What act  of provincials brought new gods into the military?
Answer: conscription

Question: What did Rome typically award to provincial members of the empire?
Answer: citizenship

Question: What Roman leader aspired to be a living god?
Answer: Julius Caesar

Question: What form of government did Cesar seem to be attempting?
Answer: divine monarchy

Question: To what ruler did foreign allies offer a divine cult? 
Answer: Augustus

Question: By the end of Augustus's reign what was an established fact?
Answer: Imperial cult

Question: For what was Augustus's reformed system of government notiable?
Answer: integrated

Question: What was the emperor's rule in Rome?
Answer: divinely approved

Question: As a living divus, what was the emperor to Rome?
Answer: father of his country

Question: As first citizen, what must the emperor's mores represent?
Answer: traditional

Question: After his death, how was the emperor's afterlife decided?
Answer: vote in the Senate

Question: What did emperors before Diocletian try to guarantee in religion? 
Answer: traditional cults

Question: What means guaranteed the Jews and Judaism in Rome?
Answer: treaty

Question: When did Judea become an allied kingdom to Rome?
Answer: 63 BC

Question: What religious buildings were established in Rome in the imperial period?
Answer: synagogues