Question: Many nobles were actually surprisingly acting in what way?
Answer: really usurpers, being commoners,

Question: Who denounced many nobles?
Answer: Hieronim Nekanda Trepka

Question: When did the denouncing of many nobles take place?
Answer: first half of the 16th century

Question: What did the nobles lose by being denounced?
Answer: owning nobility-estates and promised the estate to the denouncer

Question: THe polish nobility had many positives compared to others including what?
Answer: many rights

Question: What was the nobilities commonwealth?
Answer: Poland

Question: WHo elected the king?
Answer: not of the king or the ruling dynasty

Question: WHy did the state affairs partly grow up on?
Answer: the extinction of the male-line descendants of the old royal dynasty

Question: The selection of nobility oh the polish kingdom was selected my whom?
Answer: dynasty's female-line descendants.

Question: When did kings grant privileges to the nobles?
Answer: at the time of their election to the throne

Question: What specified the kings privileges?
Answer: king-elect's Pacta conventa

Question: What was also in exchange during he election of the throne?
Answer: ad hoc permission to raise an extraordinary tax

Question: What did nobles get in from the king during election?
Answer: privileges

Question: When did buda king casimir issue the heir to his nephew?
Answer: 1355

Question: who issied the first country wide privilege for the nobility? 
Answer: Buda King Casimir III the Great

Question: WHo is the nephew of buda king casimer III the great?
Answer: Louis I of Hungary

Question: What was promised by Buda King Casimer?
Answer: the nobility would no longer be subject to 'extraordinary' taxes

Question: WHo would pay for expenses during travels or the royal courts?
Answer: the king and the court

Question: When did King Louis of Hungary approve the privilege of Koszyce?
Answer: 1374

Question: WHy did King louis approve the privilege?
Answer: in order to guarantee the Polish throne for his daughter Jadwiga

Question: What did king louis of hungary do for the nobles?
Answer: exempted the entire class from all but one tax

Question: WHat happened to the kings right to raise taxes?
Answer: abolished

Question: What could the king do to nobles injured or taken during war?
Answer: King to pay indemnities

Question: Who establishd the inviolability of nobles property?
Answer: King Władysław II Jagiełło

Question: When did the established right for inviolability of nobles property?
Answer: 1422

Question: What happened to the right to mint coinage?
Answer: ceded

Question: Where did the confirmation of privileges of Jedlnia take place?
Answer: at Kraków in 1433

Question: WHat was the privileges of jedlnia based mostly off of?
Answer: Brześć Kujawski privilege

Question: What was simliar to the english magna cartas habeas corpus?
Answer: nobility a guarantee against arbitrary arrest

Question: What does a court need to imprison a member of the nobility? 
Answer: warrant from a court of justice

Question: What was the nobles guarantee that his throne would be inherited by his sons? 
Answer: King Władysław's quid pro quo for this boon

Question: When were the Nieszawa statutes granted?
Answer: 1454

Question: What did the Nieszawa statues clarify?
Answer: the legal basis of voivodship sejmiks

Question: THe nobility was protected from what?
Answer: judicial abuses

Question: Whos power was curbed?
Answer: magnates

Question: Why did the szlachta demand privileges?
Answer: their participation in the Thirteen Years' War.

Question: When did the first free election take place?
Answer: 1492

Question: What was different about later elections then first free election?
Answer: no restrictions on the choice of candidates.

Question: Who only voted in the election of 1492?
Answer: senators

Question: Who won the election of 1492?
Answer: John I Albert

Question: What dynasty was in reign during the election of 1492?
Answer: Jagiellonian Dynasty

Question: Who granted the privilege of Piotrkow?
Answer: King John I Albert

Question: Privilege of Piotrkow was granted when?
Answer: On April 26, 1496

Question: WHat happened to the nobilities feudal power?
Answer: increasing

Question: Who was allowed to leave the village?
Answer: one son (not the eldest)

Question: What were the townsfolk prohibited from doing?
Answer: owning land

Question: When did the Mielnik Polish–Lithuanian union reform?
Answer: 23 October 1501

Question: Where was the Mielnik Polish–Lithuanian union refromed?
Answer: Union of Mielnik

Question: Where was the  coronation Sejm founded?
Answer: Union of Mielnik

Question: What did the actof of milno do?
Answer: more to strengthen the magnate dominated Senate of Poland then the lesser nobility

Question: What right was given to the nobles?
Answer: disobey the King or his representatives

Question: When did the Act of "Nihil novi nisi commune consensu" happen?
Answer: 3 May 1505

Question: Who granted the act Act of "Nihil novi nisi commune consensu"?
Answer: King Alexander I Jagiellon

Question: What did The Act of "Nihil novi nisi commune consensu" Do
Answer: forbade the king to pass any new law without the consent of the representatives of the nobility

Question: What happened to the notabilities political position?
Answer: greatly strengthened

Question: What has happened to the legislative power?
Answer: legislative power from the king to the Sejm.

Question: What was the movement called also known as execution of laws?
Answer: "executionist movement

Question: What were the intentions of executionists movement?
Answer: seek to curb the power of the magnates at the Sejm and to strengthen the power of king and country

Question: what did the Sejm in Piotrków forced the magnates to do?
Answer: return many leased crown lands to the king,

Question: WHen did Jan Zamoyski. die?
Answer: 1605

Question: What happened when Jan Zamoyski died?
Answer: movement lost its political force.

Question: Who was the last king of the Jagiellonian dynasty?
Answer: Sigismund II Augustus

Question: What stopped after the death of Sigismund II Augustus?
Answer: monarchs could be elected from within only the royal family

Question: After 1573 who could become a polish-lithuanian monarch?
Answer: any Polish noble or foreigner of royal blood

Question: How many documents should the new elected king sign?
Answer: two documents

Question: What was contained in the Henrican articles and the Pacta conventa?
Answer: basic laws of the Commonwealth

Question: The crown tribunal was created when?
Answer: 1578

Question: Who created the crown tribunal?
Answer: king Stefan Batory

Question: What was the crown tribunal supposed to do?
Answer: reduce the enormous pressure on the Royal Court

Question: Where was a lot of power placed in result of the crown tribunal?
Answer: the nobility class

Question: WHo joined the crown tribunal eventually?
Answer: Lithuanian Tribunal

Question: What did powerful leaders of szlachta sought?
Answer: gain legal privileges over their peers

Question: What were most szlachtas class?
Answer: Few szlachta were wealthy enough to be known as magnates

Question: What is another name for magnates?
Answer: Crimsons

Question: A proper magnates own what?
Answer: own at least 20 villages or estates.

Question: Who is properly in the major office in the commonwealth?
Answer: magnates

Question: Historians estimate how much of magnates make up szlachta?
Answer: 1%

Question: Out of one million szlachtas how many were magnates? 
Answer: 200–300

Question: Out of one million how many people could be viewed with significant impact politically?
Answer: 30–40

Question: Magnates recieved gifts often from who?
Answer: monarchs

Question: What significantly increased the magnates wealth?
Answer: Magnates

Question: What terms were these gifts given?
Answer: temporary leases

Question: What did the magnates do eventually with the gifts?
Answer: never returned