Question: What fragments were the complete Saragossa Manuscripts now produced based on?
Answer: French-language

Question: What has served as a school of writing for many authors?
Answer: Translation

Question: Who spread Buddhist texts in East Asia?
Answer: monks

Question: What did translators shape in the course of their work?
Answer: languages

Question: What have translators acted as by conveying knowledge between cultures?
Answer: bridges

Question: Where were idioms and vocabulary imported from?
Answer: source languages

Question: What roles have interpreters occasionally played in history?
Answer: crucial

Question: Where were the slave-traders La Malinche was sold or given to from?
Answer: Xicalango

Question: What region did La Malinche hail from?
Answer: Mexican Gulf Coast

Question: What was La Malinche essential to?
Answer: Spanish conquest of Mexico

Question: In addition to being an interpreter and adviser, what function did La Malinche serve for Hernán Cortés?
Answer: lover

Question: What type of translation is favored by those wanting more accurate translations?
Answer: Web-based human translation

Question: What reputation does machine translations have?
Answer: frequent inaccuracy

Question: What type of translation is still the most accurate and reliable?
Answer: human

Question: Because of crowdsourcing, what type of translation are agencies able to provide?
Answer: on-demand human-translation services

Question: Who purchases the services of translation agencies?
Answer: businesses, individuals, and enterprises

Question: Unedited machine translation will miss what crucial aspect of human language?
Answer: context-embedded

Question: What does it take a person to be able to do?
Answer: comprehend the context of the original text

Question: What can even translations completely done by a human still be prone to?
Answer: error

Question: How must machine translations be transformed by a human?
Answer: reviewed and edited

Question: Where did Buddhism spread?
Answer: Asia

Question: Buddhism's spread led to what large-scale effort?
Answer: translation

Question: How long did the translation effort take?
Answer: well over a thousand years

Question: What Empire was especially good at translation?
Answer: The Tangut Empire

Question: What were the Tanguts able to do in only decades that took the Chinese centuries?
Answer: translate volumes

Question: Who attempted a large-scale effort at translation?
Answer: Arabs

Question: What did the Arabs create Arabic versions of?
Answer: philosophical and scientific works

Question: When were some of the Arabic translations of earlier sentences translated into Latin?
Answer: Middle Ages

Question: What is Schola Traductorum in English?
Answer: School of Translation

Question: Latin translations indirectly advanced whose science and culture?
Answer: European

Question: What was the first great English translation?
Answer: Wycliffe Bible

Question: When was the Wycliffe Bible translated?
Answer: 1382

Question: When did the age of great English prose translation begin?
Answer: end of the 15th century

Question: What adaptation of Arthurian romances took so many liberties with the source material that it could hardly be called a translation?
Answer: Le Morte Darthur

Question: The Tyndale New Testament was one of the first great translations from what style?
Answer: Tudor

Question: Whose court did Pletho arrive in and begin a new period of translation in Renaissance Italy?
Answer: Cosimo de' Medici

Question: What title did Georgius Gemistus Pletho carry?
Answer: Byzantine scholar

Question: When did Constantinople fall to the Turks?
Answer: 1453

Question: Who undertook translating Plato's works to Latin?
Answer: Marsilio Ficino

Question: What did religious beliefs depend upon when it came to Plato, Aristotle and Jesus?
Answer: the exact words

Question: What was the guiding ideal of translators throughout the 18th century?
Answer: ease of reading

Question: If a translator didn't understand something in a text or thought it too boring to present to readers, what did they do with it?
Answer: omitted

Question: What did translators of this time assume was better than the actual text they were translating?
Answer: their own style of expression

Question: How much did the translators care about scholarship?
Answer: no more than had their predecessors

Question: What did James Macpherson "translate" from?
Answer: own composition

Question: What new standards of translation came with the 19th century?
Answer: accuracy and style

Question: Who observed that the policy became "the text, the whole text, and nothing but the text"?
Answer: J.M. Cohen

Question: What sort of passages were still left out of the supposed "whole" text?
Answer: bawdy

Question: What did the Victorians aim to remind the reader of their translations?
Answer: that they were reading a foreign classic

Question: How did the translation of Rubaiyat achieve an Oriental flavor?
Answer: by using Persian names and discreet Biblical echoes

Question: What is the translation of text that is sung closely linked to?
Answer: poetry

Question: What is most vocal music set to in Western tradition?
Answer: verse

Question: What type of forms does popular music tend to retain?
Answer: stanzaic

Question: What type of example an be found of translating poetry for singing?
Answer: church hymns

Question: Who translated German chorales into English?
Answer: Catherine Winkworth

Question: How is translation of sung texts different than translations of poetry?
Answer: more restrictive

Question: Why is the translation of sung texts more restrictive?
Answer: little or no freedom to choose between a versified translation

Question: What places a great challenge on someone trying to translate music from one language to another?
Answer: assignment of syllables to specific notes in the original musical

Question: How can a syllable be added or deleted in prose sung texts?
Answer: by subdividing or combining notes

Question: Who can translations of a sung text aid?
Answer: audiences, singers and conductors

Question: What type of familiar translation may be seen during an opera?
Answer: subtitles or surtitles

Question: What do professional and amateur singers often sing?
Answer: works in languages they do not know

Question: Translations help singers unfamiliar with a language do what?
Answer: understand the meaning of the words they are singing.

Question: What is one of the first known instances of translation in the West?
Answer: rendering of the Old Testament into Greek

Question: When was the Old Testament translated into Greek?
Answer: 3rd century BCE

Question: Why is the translation of the Old Testament into Greek known as the Septuagint?
Answer: seventy translators

Question: How did each translator of the Bible work in Alexandria?
Answer: in solitary confinement

Question: According to myth, what property did all seventy versions of the bible have?
Answer: identical

Question: During the Protestant Reformation, what local languages was the bible translated into?
Answer: European

Question: Biblical translations have caused lasting effects on what?
Answer: religions, cultures and languages of their respective countries

Question: Disparities between versions of crucial words and passages in versions of the bible contributed to what split?
Answer: Roman Catholicism and Protestantism

Question: What does the fact of the King James Only movement demonstrate?
Answer: religious schism over different translations of religious texts remain to this day

Question: Who translated the Bible to German?
Answer: Martin Luther

Question: What is an aerodome with facilities for flights to take off and land?
Answer: airport

Question: What is an aerially accessible open space that includes at least one active surface such as a runway or a helipad?
Answer: landing area