Question: What have studies found about women and their believed sexual orientations?
Answer: female-female, male-male and male-female sexual activity (oral sex or penetration), have patterns of arousal which do not match

Question: What did the studies reveal about men and their declared sexual preference?
Answer: men's sexual arousal patterns tend to be more in line with their stated orientations,

Question: What does research show about sexual orientation?
Answer: is independent of cultural and other social influences

Question: What can being openly gay be hindered by?
Answer: homophobic/hetereosexist settings.

Question: What group of the LGBT community are the most researched?
Answer: white, middle-class, well-educated

Question: What social systems can greatly influence someone realization of their sexual preference?
Answer: religion, language and ethnic traditions

Question: What does the american culture put a large emphasis on?
Answer: individual attributes, and views the self as unchangeable and constant.

Question: What is a common way to determine a persons sexuality?
Answer: according to their sexual role (active/passive; insertive/penetrated)

Question: When deteerming sexual preference this way what is the passive role associated with?
Answer: femininity and/or inferiority

Question: When determining sexual preference this way what is the active role associated with?
Answer: masculinity and/or superiority

Question: How much is known about lesbians and bisexual women in these cultures?
Answer: Little

Question: What do researchers generally believe causes sexual orientation?
Answer: a combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental influences

Question: What biological factors do they believe plays a complicated part in sexual orientation?
Answer: a complex interplay of genetic factors and the early uterine environment, they favor biological models for the cause

Question: What do they believe about sexual orientation?
Answer: not a choice, and some of them believe that it is established at conception.

Question: What differences hace scientist found in certain studies?
Answer: statistical biological differences between gay people and heterosexuals

Question: What can these results be caused from?
Answer: the same underlying cause as sexual orientation itself

Question: What concept is sexual orientation argued as?
Answer: a concept that evolved in the industrialized West

Question: What is causing contreversy as to the concept of sexual orientation?
Answer: the universality of its application in other societies or cultures

Question: What is the notion of sexual orientation in west defined as?
Answer: as a biological phenomenon rather than a social construction specific to a region and period

Question: What does Bruce criticize the labels heterosexual and homsexual as?
Answer: confusing and degrading

Question: What does Bruce Bagemilh write about the labels homosexual and heterosexual terms?
Answer: . These labels thereby ignore the individual's personal sense of gender identity taking precedence over biological sex, rather than the other way around

Question: What does Bagemihl say a major issue with this terminology is?
Answer: it easy to claim transsexuals are really homosexual males seeking to escape from stigma.

Question: What can impact accurately assesing sexual identity?
Answer: sexual orientation and sexual orientation identity are not distinguished

Question: What does the Centre For Addiction and Mental heal along with the American Psychiatric association state about sexual orientation?
Answer: sexual orientation is innate, continuous or fixed throughout their lives for some people, but is fluid or changes over time for others,

Question: What does the American Psychological Assocation distinguish between?
Answer: sexual orientation (an innate attraction) and sexual orientation identity (which may change at any point in a person's life).

Question: What does the FBO effect stand for?
Answer: fraternal birth order

Question: What does this theory entail?
Answer: prenatal origin, although no evidence thus far has linked it to an exact prenatal mechanism

Question: What does research show about the FBO effect?
Answer: this may be of immunological origin, caused by a maternal immune reaction against a substance crucial to male fetal development during pregnancy,

Question: What does MIH stand for?
Answer: maternal immunization hypothesis

Question: What does BBB stand for?
Answer: blood/brain barrier

Question: What other name does the KInsey scale go by?
Answer: Heterosexual-Homosexual Rating Scale

Question: When was the KInsey scale first published?
Answer: 1948

Question: Why was the KInsey scale developed?
Answer: to combat the assumption at the time that people are either heterosexual or homosexual

Question: What did KInsey state as his reasoning for the scale?
Answer: Recognizing that a large portion of population is not completely heterosexual or homosexual and people can experience both heterosexual and homosexual behavior

Question: Who else was featured in The sexual behavior of the human male?
Answer: Wardell Pomeroy, and Clyde Martin

Question: What does KSOG stand for?
Answer: Klein sexual orientation grid

Question: Who invented the KSOG?
Answer: Fritz Klein

Question: Why did pritz klein come up with the KSOG?
Answer: response to the criticism of the Kinsey scale only measuring two dimensions of sexual orientation

Question: What kind of scale does the KSOG use?
Answer: a 7-point scale

Question: What three points in life does the KSOG evaluate?
Answer: past (from early adolescence up to one year ago), present (within the last 12 months), and ideal (what would you choose if it were completely your choice).

Question: What are sexual attraction. behavior, and idenity components of?
Answer: sexual orientation

Question: What do individuals typically experience?
Answer: diverse attractions and behaviors that may reflect curiosity, experimentation, social pressure

Question: What is there little coherent relationships between?
Answer: the amount and mix of homosexual and heterosexual behavior in a person's biography and that person's choice to label himself

Question: Who wrote the paper "Whos Gay? Does It Matter?
Answer: Ritch Savin-Williams

Question: What does RItch SAvin-Williams propose in this paper?
Answer: suggests that greater priority should be given to sexual arousal and attraction

Question: What did he propose to measure attraction?
Answer: that biological measures should be developed and used.

Question: What else does Savin-Williams suggest?
Answer: researchers should forsake the general notion of sexual orientation altogether

Question: What components does he believe shoud be used in studies?
Answer: assess only those components that are relevant for the research question being investigated

Question: What do these studies suggest?
Answer: that men and women are different in terms of sexual arousal patterns

Question: How is this reflected in the studies?
Answer: in how their genitals react to sexual stimuli of both genders or even to non-human stimuli.

Question: What are some dimensions of sexual orientation?
Answer: attractions, behavior, identity

Question: What do mens sexual orientations tend be focused on?
Answer: physical component of attractions

Question: What do researches believe must be taken into account for women in these studies?
Answer: emotional attachment

Question: What can make a person believe they know someone elses sexual orientation?
Answer: perceived characteristics, such as appearance, clothing, tone of voice, and accompaniment by and behavior with other people

Question: What is a term for someone who tries to determine someones sexuality?
Answer: gaydar

Question: What have somes studies show when researching how someone uses "gaydar"?
Answer: that guesses based on face photos perform better than chance