Question: Which professionals bore the brunt of the effort to upgrade systems affected by time changes?
Answer: corporate information technologists

Question: What system of time do some applications use so they won't have problems with time changes?
Answer: UTC

Question: By using UTC, applications get out of adjusting to changes around clock shifts and what other factor?
Answer: time zone differences

Question: In addition to individual applications, what modern systems that control the basic functions of a computer typically use UTC?
Answer: operating systems

Question: Where do computers usually use UTC?
Answer: internally

Question: What time would a computer probably use for the clock display?
Answer: local time

Question: Where do most systems go to get the data they use to calculate local time?
Answer: the IANA time zone database

Question: What two specific points of data do systems need to figure out to get local time?
Answer: date/time

Question: What's another name for the IANA database?
Answer: zoneinfo

Question: The IANA database works by connecting names to what information about the location?
Answer: historical and predicted clock shifts

Question: IANA, or zoneinfo, updates are installed as a part of what ordinary function when changes to DST policy are made?
Answer: system maintenance

Question: What environment variable defines a location's name?
Answer: TZ

Question: What format is used to store internal time in systems that use zoneinfo?
Answer: timezone-independent epoch time

Question: What's the name of the HP database that's similar to IANA but not compatible with it?
Answer: tztab

Question: Less sophisticated systems might just support a TZ value with one start rule and how many end rules?
Answer: one

Question: When must TZ values be changed on an older system?
Answer: whenever DST rules change

Question: What does the TZ value EST5EDT,M3.2.0/02:00,M11.1.0/02:00 specify?
Answer: time for the eastern United States starting in 2007

Question: What years will a new TZ value apply to?
Answer: all years

Question: What's might a new TZ value mishandle when it changes with new DST rules?
Answer: older timestamps

Question: Similar to systems using zoneinfo, Microsoft Windows calculates DST by doing what?
Answer: specifying the name of a location

Question: When does the table of rule sets the Windows operating system uses have to be updated?
Answer: when DST rules change

Question: If your computer runs Vista, what's the maximum number of start and end rules you can have for each time zone setting?
Answer: two

Question: If located in Canada somewhere where DST is observed, a system running Vista might mishandle time stamps that are older than what year?
Answer: 1987

Question: On a system running Windows older than Vista, locations in Canada observing DST would only reliably support time stamps from after what year?
Answer: 2006

Question: What single year did Windows 95 use to apply rules to Israel's time changes?
Answer: 1995

Question: Because the schedule in Israel was always changing, what did Microsoft do with the release of Windows 98?
Answer: marked Israel as not having DST

Question: How often would Israeli users running Windows 98 need to manually adjust the time on their machines to stay current?
Answer: twice a year

Question: What law regulated the rules for time shifts in Israel according to the Jewish calendar?
Answer: The 2005 Israeli Daylight Saving Law

Question: Although the schedule in Israel became predictable after 2005, there were still problems in Windows until Israel adjusted DST to what calendar in 2013?
Answer: the Gregorian calendar

Question: What does Microsoft Windows use internally for its real-time clock?
Answer: local time

Question: Not using UTC, Windows can't multi boot with different versions of itself like you'd need to do to use what kind of disk?
Answer: a rescue boot disk

Question: As opposed to providing support for users to have unique time zone settings, Windows will only allow for what?
Answer: a single system-wide setting

Question: In what year did Microsoft imply that they would be making changes to support RealTimeIsUniversal in a step towards compatibility with UTC?
Answer: 2008

Question: Since 2008, at least how many times has Microsoft released fixes for the RealTimeIsUniversal feature?
Answer: two

Question: What file system do recent Windows versions use?
Answer: NTFS

Question: Under NTFS, what does Windows use for file time stamps in storage?
Answer: UTC

Question: What file system do most removable devices use?
Answer: FAT

Question: What time will a file be set to if it's copied from the hard disk onto other media?
Answer: current local time

Question: What phrase describes keeping adjusted summer hours year-round?
Answer: permanent daylight saving time

Question: Proponents of permanent DST say it has all the advantages of regular DST without the issues some people have from what bi-annual occurrences?
Answer: time shifts

Question: In year-round DST, would sunrise happen early or late compared to most places?
Answer: late

Question: During what time period did Russia use permanent DST?
Answer: 2011 to 2014

Question: In what season in areas observing permanent daylight saving time will it stay dark the latest in the morning?
Answer: winter

Question: In which direction do countries like Russia and Argentina shift their time zones that could be considered all-year DST?
Answer: westward

Question: About how many minutes does Saskatoon, Saskatchewan stay ahead of mean solar time?
Answer: 67

Question: What time does Saskatoon observe all year long?
Answer: Central Standard Time

Question: Places like northeast India that shift time zones to the east could be considered to be observing what kind of DST?
Answer: negative DST

Question: What year did Ireland and the UK give up on their permanent DST experiment?
Answer: 1971

Question: Places like Spain and parts of France effectively go by DST in the winter but add what in the summer?
Answer: an extra hour

Question: During the summer in Nome, about how many hours ahead of the sun do they set their clocks?
Answer: three

Question: What term was used in Britain for double daylight saving time?
Answer: Double Summer Time

Question: What's a third name for double daylight saving time or Double Summer Time used in Europe?
Answer: Central European Midsummer Time

Question: What does RIBA stand for?
Answer: Royal Institute of British Architects

Question: What is the goal of RIBA?
Answer: the advancement of architecture

Question: When was RIBA founded?
Answer: 1837

Question: When was RIBA's founding document expanded?
Answer: 1971

Question: In what country does RIBA mainly operate?
Answer: United Kingdom

Question: What was Riba's first name?
Answer: Institute of British Architects in London

Question: In what year was the Institute of British Architects founded?
Answer: 1834

Question: In what city was the Institute of British Architects located?
Answer: London

Question: In terms of profession, what were people like Philip Hardwick, William Adams Nicholson and Thomas de Grey?
Answer: Architects

Question: What caused the change of the Institute's name?
Answer: the grant of the royal charter

Question: What was removed from the Royal Institute's name?
Answer: the reference to London

Question: When was the mention of London removed from the Royal Institute's name?
Answer: 1892

Question: Where is the Royal Institute of British Architects located?
Answer: Portland Place

Question: Who opened the structure in which the Royal Institute is currently housed?
Answer: King George V and Queen Mary

Question: When did the Royal Institute receive its charter?
Answer: 1837

Question: Who was responsible for giving the charter to the Royal Institute?
Answer: King William IV

Question: In what years was the Royal Institute issued supplemental charters?
Answer: 1887, 1909 and 1925