Question: In what battle did Mark Antony see defeat?
Answer: Battle of Actium

Question: In what year did the Battle of Philippi end?
Answer: 42 BC

Question: How did Mark Antony die?
Answer: he committed suicide

Question: What was the alliance that was formed with Marcus Lepidus named?
Answer: the Second Triumvirate

Question: Who in Rome was responsible for imposing tribute on nations that they had conquered?
Answer: Rome's military

Question: What could be considered a trait of Rome's military campaigns?
Answer: obstinate persistence

Question: What was considered a problem in the Roman Republic during its last century?
Answer: civil war

Question: What would often lead Rome to wage war in foreign lands?
Answer: defense of an ally

Question: Who introduced the phalanx formation into Rome's army?
Answer: Servius Tullius

Question: Were Roman soldiers expected to purchase their own equipment?
Answer: wealthiest citizens, who were able to purchase the best equipment

Question: Who were contained in the first rank of the phalanx formation?
Answer: wealthiest citizens

Question: From what people did it appear the Etruscans had model their form of warfare on?
Answer: Greeks

Question: Where did Dionysius hail from?
Answer: Halicarnassus

Question: What was a detriment of using the phalanx formation?
Answer: only effective when fighting in large, open spaces

Question: In what century was the phalanx formation finally discarded by the Roman people?
Answer: 4th century BC

Question: What fighting formation would eventually replace the phalanx in battle?
Answer: manipular formation

Question: Where is the likely source of the change to the manipular formation?
Answer: copied from Rome's Samnite enemies

Question: What type of ground could be found in the central Italian peninsula?
Answer: hilly terrain

Question: How many horseman were likely to be found in a single manipular legion?
Answer: 300 horsemen

Question: Where could you expect the extensive amount of cavalry troops to be sourced from?
Answer: richest class of equestrians

Question: What often neglected social class was the light infantry comprised of?
Answer: lower social classes.

Question: What type of infantry joined light, and the cavalry in battle?
Answer: heavy infantry

Question: Small shields could be found in what section of the infantry?
Answer: light infantry

Question: Where did Rome receive half of their army from?
Answer: the Socii

Question: How many calvary did Rome's Italian allies use?
Answer: 900 cavalry

Question: How many soldiers were available to Rome at the start of the Second Punic War?
Answer: 770,000 men

Question: What did Rome's Italian allies call their battle formation?
Answer: alae

Question: What allowed Rome to source some of their military from other nearby areas?
Answer: military confederation with the other peoples

Question: During what century did Roman controlled areas see a decline in their populations?
Answer: 2nd century BC

Question: What caused the Roman state to provide armaments to their army?
Answer: greater collapse of the middle classes

Question: What was considered an attributing factor to the decline of the Roman population?
Answer: huge losses incurred during various wars

Question: What were soldiers expected to own prior to the year 217 BC?
Answer: property

Question: Who was now able to join military service in 107 BC?
Answer: all citizens

Question: Where would legionaries in the Roman army likely to be sourced from?
Answer: citizen stock

Question: Who would likely make up the majority of the Roman army's light infantry?
Answer: non-citizens

Question: Which consul was responsible for the reforms that allowed all citizens access to join the Roman army?
Answer: Gaius Marius

Question: What was the process that removed the property requirement for the Roman military called?
Answer: Marian reforms

Question: Around how many units could be expected to be contained within a cohort?
Answer: 480 infantrymen

Question: How many troops were placed into each tent group?
Answer: 8 men

Question: Who would now be used as scouts instead of fighting alongside the army in the battlefield?
Answer: cavalry troops

Question: What designation of troops was considered to make up the majority of a legion?
Answer: cohort

Question: In which sea was a large amount of naval vessels sent in order to remove Cilician pirates?
Answer: Mediterranean Sea

Question: Around how many ships were sent into service from Greek cities?
Answer: as many as a thousand ships

Question: Who was ultimately responsible for the naval ships that were sent to the English Channel?
Answer: Caesar

Question: What was the driving force behind the revitalization of the Roman naval forces?
Answer: to meet several new demands

Question: What aspect of the Roman military saw a decline in size after the subjugation of the Mediterranean?
Answer: Roman navy

Question: What was the general source of the Roman senate's authority?
Answer: the esteem and prestige of the senators

Question: Who was responsible for overseeing a military action?
Answer: the senate

Question: What was a motion that was enacted by the senate called?
Answer: senatus consulta

Question: What area was the likely focal point of the Roman senate?
Answer: foreign policy

Question: What governing Roman body would self-select their own members during times of great distress?
Answer: the senate itself would select its members

Question: What was the main requirement of seeking a trial in the Roman courts?
Answer: legal status of Roman citizenship

Question: Who would be expected to oversee a capital case in the Roman courts?
Answer: assemblies

Question: Which designation of people made up the entirety of the members of a comitia?
Answer: optimo jure

Question: Who did the assemblies elected by the optimo jure elect?
Answer: magistrates

Question: What type of assembly could specific groupings of optimo jure be found in?
Answer: concilia

Question: What Roman assembly elected both magistrates and censors?
Answer: Comitia Centuriata

Question: What profession of people made up the entireity of the Comitia Centuriata?
Answer: centuries

Question: Which elected official had imperium powers?
Answer: magistrates

Question: Would the Comitia Centuriata occasionally be called upon to serve as the highest court of appeal?
Answer: It also served as the highest court of appeal in certain judicial cases

Question: How many tribes were considered to be in the Comitia Tributa?
Answer: 35 tribes

Question: How were the assembly of tribes segregated into specific tribes?
Answer: geographical subdivisions

Question: What assembly was responsible for the election of quaestors?
Answer: the Comitia Tributa

Question: When would the assembly of tribes cease voting?
Answer: Once a measure received support from a majority of the tribes

Question: Who would be responsible for the election of a plebeian tribune?
Answer: a plebeian

Question: Who had the right to grant powers to a magistrate?
Answer: People of Rome

Question: What is considered to be the most authoritative constitutional power?
Answer: imperium

Question: What did the constitutional power of imperium grant a magistrate?
Answer: authority to command a military force

Question: What would be one of the duties that a newly elected magistrate could expect to perform?
Answer: to look for omens

Question: What power was in possession of every single magistrate in Rome?
Answer: power of coercion

Question: How long concurrently could an elected magistrate serve in office?
Answer: one-year

Question: How many people would serve concurrently in a single magisterial office?
Answer: at least two people

Question: What form of due process was a harbinger of our vary own habeas corpus?
Answer: Provocatio

Question: What would you call a magistrate who had his powers of imperium continued?
Answer: promagistrate