Question: The neural groove is a hollow cord of cells with what in the center?
Answer: fluid-filled ventricle

Question: The forebrain splits during development into vesicles called what?
Answer: telencephalon (which will contain the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and related structures) and the diencephalon

Question: The vesicle that contains the cerebral cortex is which one?
Answer: telencephalon

Question: The thalamus and hypothalamus are contained in which vesicle?
Answer: the diencephalon

Question: A growth cone of an axon is made up of a blob of what?
Answer: protoplasm

Question: What two structures does a neuron extend when it is in place during development?
Answer: dendrites and an axon

Question: The infant brain contains more of what type of cells in the brain than the adult brain?
Answer: neurons

Question: The olfactory bulb is related to what sense?
Answer: sense of smell

Question: What area of the hippocampus plays a role in storing new memories?
Answer: dentate gyrus of the hippocampus

Question: Which type of cells in the brain are generated throughout your lifetime?
Answer: Glial cells

Question: Neurogenesis is the process of what?
Answer: neurons continue to be generated throughout life

Question: The electrical properties of neurons are controlled by what?
Answer: neurotransmitters and receptors that take place at synapses

Question: What type of signals do neurons transfer from one another?
Answer: electrochemical

Question: Chemicals called neurotransmitters are released at what part of the brain?
Answer: synapses

Question: What do neurotransmitters attach to?
Answer: receptor molecules on the membrane of the synapse's target cell

Question: Neurons that release the same chemicals are following what rule?
Answer: Dale's principle

Question: GABA is the abbreviation for what?
Answer: gamma-aminobutyric acid

Question: Which of two neurotransmitters is usually inhibitory?
Answer: gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

Question: The neurostransmitter that usually excites targets is called what?
Answer: glutamate,

Question: Tranquilizers affect which of the two common neurotransmitters?
Answer: gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

Question: Serotonin comes from what part of the brain?
Answer: Raphe nuclei

Question: Antidepressants typically affect what chemical of the brain?
Answer: Serotonin

Question: Which chemical of the brain is involved with arousal?
Answer: Norepinephrine

Question: Norepinephrine comes from an area of the brain known as what?
Answer: locus coeruleus

Question: An EEG of the brain stands for what?
Answer: electroencephalography

Question: MEG of the brain is an abbreviation of what?
Answer: magnetoencephalography

Question: What type of test is used to tell that a brain is active even during sleep?
Answer: EEG

Question: What type of brain waves are seen in mammals during sleep?
Answer: large slow delta waves

Question: What type of brain waves are sen when a creature is awake, but inattentive?
Answer: faster alpha waves

Question: What type of cells have a huge role in brain metabolism?
Answer: Glial cells

Question: Glial cells control what inside the brain?
Answer: chemical composition of the fluid that surrounds neurons

Question: Where does the brain usually get most of its energy from inside the body?
Answer: glucose (i.e., blood sugar

Question: The energy used for metabolism of the brain in humans is what percentage?
Answer: 20–25%

Question: Other sources than glucose that provide energy to the brain are what?
Answer: ketones

Question: Most vertebrates usually devote how much metabolism to the brain?
Answer: 2% and 8%

Question: The function of the brain from an evolutionary-biological thought is what?
Answer: provide coherent control over the actions of an animal

Question: Computers were invented in what decade in history?
Answer: 1940s

Question: Neuroscience spawned from what field of science in history?
Answer: cybernetics

Question: Who wrote the book, The Computer and the Brain?
Answer: John von Neumann's

Question: When was John von Neumann's book, The Computer and the Brain published?
Answer: 1958

Question: The scientific paper, What the frog's eye tells the frog's brain was released in what year?
Answer: 1959

Question: Who won a Nobel Prize for the discovery that cells in the visual cortex of monkeys become active when sharp edges move?
Answer: David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel

Question: What is the project called that is trying to build a realistic, detailed computer model of the human brain?
Answer: the Human Brain Project

Question: What type of animal has a sense that adapted into sonar?
Answer: bats

Question: What type of animal uses infrared heat to sense?
Answer: snakes

Question: The group of animals that can detect magnetic fields is what?
Answer: birds

Question: The group of creatures that can sense electric fields is what?
Answer: fish

Question: Light-receptive neurons are located in what part of the eye?
Answer: retina

Question: Vibration-sensitive neurons are found in what part of the ear?
Answer: cochlea

Question: Signals are sent from the thalamus to what part of the brain?
Answer: cerebral cortex

Question: What part of the body is controlled by nuclei in the midbrain?
Answer: the eye,

Question: All the muscles controlled by motor neurons in the body are controlled by what?
Answer: spinal cord and hindbrain

Question: Which motor areas of the brain control breathing and swallowing?
Answer: the medulla and pons,

Question: At the lowest level of the brain and spinal cord, are what areas?
Answer: the medulla and pons

Question: The red nucleus controls what part(s) of the body?
Answer: coordinating movements of the arms and legs

Question: A strip of tissue found at the edge of the frontal lobe is called what?
Answer: primary motor cortex

Question: The primary motor cortex sends signals to the spinal cord through what?
Answer: pyramidal tract.

Question: The brain and spinal cord work together to control what system of the body?
Answer: autonomic nervous system

Question: What system in the body controls heart rate?
Answer: autonomic nervous system

Question: What system in the body controls salivation?
Answer: autonomic nervous system

Question: Most of the processes of the autonomic nervous system are called what?
Answer: not under direct voluntary control

Question: Which system in the body controls urination?
Answer: The autonomic nervous system

Question: The SCN of the nervous system is an abbreviation for what?
Answer: suprachiasmatic nucleus

Question: The suprachiasmatic nucleus is a small part of what part of the brain?
Answer: the hypothalamus

Question: Which part of the arousal system controls the body's biological clock?
Answer: the suprachiasmatic nucleus

Question: The RHT is an abbreviation for what?
Answer: retinohypothalamic tract

Question: THE SCN receives information from the optic nerves through what?
Answer: the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT

Question: A group of neuron-clusters scattered in the core of the lower brain is called what?
Answer: the reticular formation

Question: Reticular neurons transfer signals to what part of the brain?
Answer: the thalamus

Question: Damage to the reticular formation can cause what?
Answer: state of coma

Question: The SCN transfers signals to a set of areas that implement what?
Answer: sleep-wake cycles.

Question: There are two types of sleep called what?
Answer: REM sleep (with dreaming) and NREM

Question: What type of sleep involves dreaming?
Answer: REM sleep

Question: The three types of brain activity that can be measured are what?
Answer: REM, light NREM and deep NREM

Question: Slow wave sleep is also known as what?
Answer: deep NREM sleep

Question: During what stage of sleep do serotonin and norepinephrine levels drop?
Answer: slow wave sleep

Question: Homeostasis is defined as what?
Answer: The ability of an animal to regulate the internal environment of its body