Question: Where is bitumen the usual term for refined residue from crude oils?
Answer: United States

Question: What group likes the term bitumen instead of asphalt?
Answer: Geologists

Question: What is a naming term for asphalt?
Answer: tar

Question: What is asphalt called outside of the US?
Answer: bitumen

Question: From where does most asphalt come?
Answer: petroleum

Question: What are the sources of natural deposits of asphalt?
Answer: once-living things

Question: How much heat is required for the natural production of asphalt?
Answer: above 50 °C

Question: Besides heat, what other requirement is needed to form asphalt?
Answer: pressure

Question: What other product of heat and pressure does the formation of asphalt and petroleum  produce?
Answer: kerogen

Question: What is the name of the world's greatest deposit of bitumen?
Answer: Athabasca oil sands

Question: Where are the Athabasca oil sands located?
Answer: Northern Alberta

Question: What formative period  produced bitumen?
Answer: early Cretaceous

Question: How old are the Athabasca deposits?
Answer: 110 million years

Question: What percentage of recovery of bitumen is by oil wells?
Answer: 80%

Question: In what early technology was bitumen used?
Answer: photographic

Question: What photographer used bitumen to make the earliest extant nature picture?
Answer: Joseph Nicéphore Niépce

Question: What feature of bitumen use in photography made it impractical?
Answer: hours of exposure

Question: During what period was bitumen used in printing processes?
Answer: 1850s to the 1920s

Question: Exposure to what natural element was necessary for early photographic plates?
Answer: light

Question: When did Richard Tappin Claridge patent asphalt for use in pavement?
Answer: 25 November 1837

Question: When was the first British patent for the use of bitumen?
Answer: 1834

Question: Where had Claridge previously seen asphalt used as pavement?
Answer: France and Belgium

Question: What friend of Claridge's was helpful in introducing asphalt for use in pavements?
Answer: Samuel Ryland Phipson

Question: What type of pavement techniques had already been tried by a competitor of Claridge?
Answer: mastic

Question: Since what date has asphalt been used for road paving in the US?
Answer: 1870

Question: In front of what NJ building was the street paved with asphalt in 1870?
Answer: City Hall

Question: What natural substance was used in early road pavings?
Answer: bituminous rock

Question: From what Virginia  mines was asphalt obtained for early street pavings?
Answer: Ritchie Mines

Question: For what purpose was asphalt used in swimming pools and baths?
Answer: waterproofing

Question: In what year was asphalt used for uses aside from road paving?
Answer: 1838

Question: In what places were asphalt used as waterproofing?
Answer: pools and baths

Question: For what reason was asphalt used in the flooring of buildings?
Answer: damp proofing

Question: When was Claridge's asphalt the most often used? 
Answer: 1840s and 50s

Question: Many of what were granted in France, but denied in Britain?
Answer: patents

Question: Who experimented with bitumen extraction techniques to make shipping easier?
Answer: Sidney Ells

Question: What researcher patented a hot water oil process to separate bitumen?
Answer: Dr. Karl A. Clark

Question: When did Ells begin using bitumen as a paving in Alberta?
Answer: 1915

Question: Who constructed the Bitumont oil separation plant?
Answer: Robert C. Fitzsimmons

Question: For what was most of the the Bitumont plant's output was used for waterproofing?
Answer: roofs

Question: What property of bitumen makes it difficult to move through pipelines?
Answer: extremely viscous

Question: What industry is capable of refining bitumen directly into gasoline without preprocessing?
Answer: modern oil refineries

Question: Why do refineries like to buy bitumen instead of synthetic oil?
Answer: cost is lower

Question: How much Canadian bitumen was exported to the US by 2015?
Answer: 65%

Question: What does mixing bitumen with water create?
Answer: emulsion

Question: What percentage of bitumen is found in bitumen/water emulsions?
Answer: 70%

Question: What are the two types of bitumen emulsions?
Answer: cationic and anionic

Question: What are some bitumen emulsions blended with to make a low-cost product?
Answer: recycled

Question: What kind of asphalt pavements an cold-mix asphalt resemble?
Answer: hot-mixed

Question: Where is naturally occurring bitumen in rock being developed as a feed stock for petroleum production?
Answer: Alberta, Canada

Question: How much area does Canada's natural bitumen cover?
Answer: 140,000 square kilometres

Question: Where does Canada rank in world's oil supplies?
Answer: second-largest

Question: What is Canada's only surface bitumen mine?
Answer: Athabasca oil sands

Question: What is the amount of bitumen that can be extracted in Alberta?
Answer: 310 billion barrels

Question: Besides fuels and paving, what accounts for most of the other use of bitumen?
Answer: Roofing shingles

Question: What lacquer is bitumen used to make for iron and steel production?
Answer: Japan black

Question: Why is Japan black used for outdoor paint?
Answer: weather resistance

Question: Besides weather resistance, why else is Japan black used in paints?
Answer: permanence

Question: What product is bitumen used in manufacturing as a sealant?
Answer: alkaline batteries

Question: What language originated the word bitumen?
Answer: Sanskrit

Question: What does the Sanskrit word translate as?
Answer: pitch creating

Question: To what English word does the Latin translate?
Answer: pitch

Question:  Through what language did bitumen pass to reach English?
Answer: French

Question: To what word does the Anglo Saxon translate?
Answer: mastix

Question: To what similar substance can asphalt be confused?
Answer: coal tar

Question: For what was coal tar used in road paving?
Answer: binder

Question: What is the common word is used to describe the combination of tar and macadam?
Answer: tarmac

Question: What use has pushed out the need to produce roads with coal tar?
Answer: natural gas

Question: Instead of tar, what does the La Brea Tars Pits contain?
Answer: bitumen

Question: Who described the use of bitumen and pitch to tar ships?
Answer: Pierre Belon

Question: When did Belon make his shipbuilding observations?
Answer: 1553

Question: In what year did a French magazine describe the use of asphalt?
Answer: 1838

Question: After what event in France did  asphalt begin to be used for pavements and assorted other uses?
Answer: revolution of 1830

Question: Where in France in 1835 was asphalt used to lay pavement? 
Answer: Place de la Concorde

Question: In what year did Claridge acquire patents for the use of asphalt?
Answer: 1838

Question: From what French mine did Claridge offer asphalt?
Answer: Pyrimont Seysell

Question: What did Claridge's formation of a company with distinguished backers help inspire? 
Answer: British asphalt industry

Question: In what famous place did Claridge first begin to lay and test the use of asphalt pavement?
Answer: Whitehall

Question: By 1838 how many companies beside Claridge's were offering asphalt?
Answer: two

Question: For what  did Canadian natives use asphalt as a waterproofing material?
Answer: canoes

Question: Who was the first European trader to see asphalt?
Answer: Henry Kelsey

Question:  For what trading company did Kelsey work?
Answer: Hudson’s Bay Company

Question: Who was the first European to see the Athabascan oil sands?
Answer: Alexander MacKenzie

Question: What country has the largest deposits of bitumen?
Answer: Canada

Question: How much additional binder does rolled asphalt concrete have?
Answer: 5%

Question: How is asphalt used in the construction industry?
Answer: waterproofing

Question: What is the percentage of binder in mastic asphalt?
Answer: 7–10%