Question: When air enters both the oral and nasal cavities, where does it flow through?
Answer: larynx, trachea and bronchi

Question: Increasing pressure on the diaphragm thus increasing air output more frequently is usually caused by?
Answer: exercise

Question: A result of air being sucked into or blown out of the lung thats moving its pressure gradient is referred to?
Answer: bellows lung

Question: Where did the term Bellows Lung come from?
Answer: blacksmith's bellows

Question: What is the typical thickness of the epidermis?
Answer: 10 to 30 cells thick

Question: What is the main function of the epidermis?
Answer: to provide a waterproof layer

Question: How much more thicker is the dermis to the epidermis?
Answer: 15 to 40 times thicker

Question: What is the dermis mainly consist of?
Answer: bony structures and blood vessels

Question: What does the Hyperdermis consist of?
Answer: adipose tissue

Question: What is another name used for mammalian hair?
Answer: pelage

Question: Which color of hair is most common among mammalian taxa?
Answer: Light-dark color

Question: Besides Camouflage being a reason for having certain hair colors, what other reasons have been discovered? 
Answer: sexual selection, communication, and physiological processes

Question: What is the common mammal group that gives birth to live young?
Answer: viviparous

Question: How many species of mammals lay eggs?
Answer: five species

Question: Which mammal that has the bill of a duck lays eggs?
Answer: platypus

Question: The platypus has sex chromosomes more related to which other non-mammal?
Answer: chicken

Question: Which sub class are most viviparous mammals in?
Answer: Theria

Question: Viviparous mammals today are in which two main infraclasses?
Answer: marsupial and placental

Question: What is present in all non-placental mammals?
Answer: epipubic bones

Question: Which part is larger relative to the brain in primates?
Answer: cerebrum

Question: Which non-primate has the ability to learn and perform new task?
Answer: Rats

Question: Mammals with smaller brains tend to be in what class in the food chain?
Answer: prey

Question: To be able to maintain a constant body temperature, what do mammals need to maintain?
Answer: nutritious and plentiful diet

Question: What does a omnivore imply?
Answer: eats both prey and plants

Question: What do the majority of mammals under 18 oz eat?
Answer: insects

Question: What determines a mammals diet type?
Answer: The size

Question: What is the name given when zones of gradation exits?
Answer: clines

Question: What is the given name of a lion and tiger hybrid?
Answer: liger

Question: What is the marketed name given in the meat industry when you involve a european or indian domestic cattle mixed with an American bison?
Answer: Beefalo

Question: What is the given name of a offspring from two different animals?
Answer: hybrid

Question: The Spanish Armada suffered a defeat in what year?
Answer: 1588

Question: What was the first year the London merchants were granted permission to sail the Indina Ocean?
Answer: 1589

Question: Who did the London merchants petition to get permission to sail the Indian Ocean?
Answer: Queen Elizabeth I

Question: how many ships sailed Torbay?
Answer: three

Question: who returned to england after sailing around Cape Comorin?
Answer: Edward Bonventure

Question:  in this paragraph the Spanish Armada suffered a defeat in what year?
Answer: 1588

Question: how many ships sailed  from Torbay?
Answer: three

Question: What did the Queen give them for suceeding?
Answer: a Royal Charter

Question: What was the name of the Royal Charter?
Answer: Governor and Company of Merchants of London trading with the East Indies

Question: What did this charter give them?
Answer: a monopoly on trade with all countries east of the Cape of Good Hope and west of the Straits of Magellan

Question: Who commanded the the voyage between 1601 and 1603?
Answer: Sir James Lancaster

Question: Who led the third voyage?
Answer: General William Keeling

Question: Who commanded the second  voyage in 1604?
Answer: Sir Henry Middleton

Question: What was the rank of the person who commanded the third voyage?
Answer: General

Question: what was the name of the company that traded with East Indies?
Answer: Merchants of London

Question: how many years did the Merchants of London has a monoploy on trade?
Answer: fifteen

Question: Where was the first factory in south India?
Answer: town of Machilipatnam on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal

Question: In 1609 the charter was renewed for what period of time?
Answer: indefinite

Question: what would happen if the trade did not return a profit for at least 3 years?
Answer: charter would cease to be in force

Question: why did King James I licence other trading companies from england?
Answer: high profits

Question: Where was the first factory in south India?
Answer: Machilipatnam

Question: What initially moved King James 1 to grant subsidiary licences to other trading companies in England?
Answer: high profits

Question: While the company was  giving an indefinite period when renewing thier charter what clause did King james use to make sure the company stayed profitable
Answer: the charter would cease to be in force if the trade turned unprofitable for three consecutive years.

Question: how many years did the Merchants of London have to become profitabl when their charter was renewed by king james?
Answer: three consecutive years

Question: when was the bombay trading post established?
Answer: 1668

Question: who commanded the factories owned by the East India company?
Answer: factor or master merchant and governor

Question: who helped join the East India company in a joint attack on Portuguese and Spanish ships?
Answer: Dutch United East India Company

Question: how many employees were in the factories in India?
Answer: 90

Question: what were the walled forts of Fort William in Bengal, Fort St George in Madras and Bombay castle before they were forts?
Answer: major factories

Question: who helped join the East India company in a joint attack on Portuguese and Spanish ships?
Answer: Dutch

Question: by 1647 how many factories did the company have?
Answer: 23

Question: the east india company changed how it did business by moving from  focusing on royal patronage to what type of business?
Answer: commercial trading operations

Question: when the east india company move to commercial  trading what  company did they surpass?
Answer: Portuguese Estado da Índia

Question: The top or most important factories had what  physical feature in  common?
Answer: walled forts

Question: Name the wars that was caused by the intense competition between the EIC and Dutch East India Company
Answer: Anglo-Dutch Wars of the 17th and 18th centuries

Question: what caused the Dutch to expand thier spice trade in the malaccan straits?
Answer: ousting the Portuguese in 1640–41

Question: How important were cotton, silk, indigo dye,saltpetre and tea to the company?
Answer: The company's mainstay business

Question: what year did the Mughal emperor completely wave customs duities?
Answer: 1717

Question: who did the Mughal emperor extend hospitality to?
Answer: English traders

Question: what region was made available to english traders by  the Mughal emperor?
Answer: Bengal

Question: in 1717 what made the region of Bengal  so appealing to English traders?
Answer: waived customs duties

Question: why type of  dye was one of the East  India company's main  products?
Answer: indigo dye

Question: Who were the main competitors that  had a monopoly of the spice trade in Malaccan?
Answer: The Dutch

Question: what wars was a result of the competitive nature of the mulitple trading companies in the 17th and 18th centuries?
Answer: Anglo-Dutch Wars

Question: How much treasure was taken by pirates?
Answer: £50,000 to £60,000