Question: What percentage of Iberians are Sephardic Bnei Anusim?
Answer: 19.8%

Question: What years did the Jewish population rise from 800,000 to two million?
Answer: 1948 and 1958

Question: What is the population of Israel?
Answer: 6 million

Question: Between 1974 and 1979, how many immigrants arrived in Israel?
Answer: 227,258

Question: More than half of the Jews live where?
Answer: Diaspora

Question: How many Jews live in Canada?
Answer: 315,000

Question: How many Jews live in Argentina?
Answer: 180,000-300,000

Question: How many Jews live in Brazil?
Answer: 196,000-600,000

Question: Where is Western Europe's largest Jewish community?
Answer: France

Question: How many Jews live in France?
Answer: between 483,000 and 500,000

Question: What is the population of Jews in the United Kingdom?
Answer: 292,000

Question: Prior to 1948, how many Jews were living in lands which now make up the Arab world (excluding Israel)?
Answer: 800,000

Question: The only substantial aliyah came from where?
Answer: Yemen and Syria

Question: When did a small-scale exodus begin in many countries?
Answer: early decades of the 20th century

Question: When did the advent of the Jewish Enlightenment occur?
Answer: 18th century

Question: What was a result of the Jewish Enlightenment?
Answer: growing trend of assimilation

Question: Name a Jewish community that disappeared entirely?
Answer: Kaifeng Jews of China

Question: What is the rate of interreligious marriage in the United States?
Answer: just under 50%

Question: What is the rate of interreligious marriage in the United Kingdom?
Answer: 53%

Question: What is the rate of interreligious marriage in France?
Answer: 30%

Question: What is the rate of interreligious marriage in Mexico?
Answer: as low as 10%

Question: What is the rate of interreligious marriage in Australia?
Answer: as low as 10%

Question: When did the Papal States exist?
Answer: until 1870

Question: In the Papal States, what is the name for the specified neighborhoods where Jews were required to live?
Answer: ghettos

Question: What promoted hatred of Jews because of their descent?
Answer: bad antisemitism

Question: What were Jews and Christians living in Muslim lands known as?
Answer: dhimmis

Question: What is the per capita tax imposed on free adult non-Muslim males known as?
Answer: jizya

Question: What was the disability described by Bernard Lewis as "most degrading?"
Answer: requirement of distinctive clothing

Question: Which group had an inferior status under Islamic rule?
Answer: Dhimmis

Question: What were walled quarters known as?
Answer: mellahs

Question: Who was forced into confinement in mellahs?
Answer: Moroccan Jews

Question: When did the confinement of Moroccan Jews in mellahs begin?
Answer: 15th century

Question: What was one method used to entirely eliminate Jewish populations?
Answer: expulsion

Question: What resulted in the massacre of Jews?
Answer: First Crusade

Question: Who led the Spanish Inquisition?
Answer: Tomás de Torquemada

Question: According to the American Journal of Human Genetics, what percentage of modern Iberian population has Sephardic Jewish ancestry?
Answer: 19.8%

Question: How many Jews were slaughtered in the Holocaust?
Answer: approximately 6 million

Question: Worldwide, how many Jews were there in 1939?
Answer: 15 million

Question: What was the state-led systematic persecution and genocide of European Jews and other minority groups?
Answer: The Holocaust

Question: In 1939, what fraction of Jews were killed in The Holocaust?
Answer: more than a third

Question: What is one method used to prevent intermarriage?
Answer: pursuing secular Jews in order to give them a stronger Jewish identity

Question: What is the trend for secular Jews to become more religiously observant known as?
Answer: the Baal Teshuva movement

Question: Who leads the movement that pursues secular Jews in order to give them stronger Jewish identity?
Answer: Orthodox

Question: What is the most frequent use of cotton?
Answer: fabric

Question: To what date has cotton been dated?
Answer: 5000 BC

Question: Where in India has cotton been found from prehistoric times?
Answer: Indus Valley

Question: In what Central American country has cotton use been found from early times?
Answer: Mexico

Question: What machinery has lead to the  easily made and widespread use of cotton?
Answer: cotton gin

Question: Where in Southeast Asia has early use of cotton been discovered?
Answer: Mehrgarh, Pakistan

Question: To what period has cotton been dated in Pakistan?
Answer: Neolithic

Question: When did the Indus Valley Civilization cover parts of India and Pakistan?
Answer: 3300 and 1300 BCE

Question: Until what event did the ancient methods of spinning and fabrication of cotton last?
Answer: industrialization

Question: During what time did cotton become widely used in India?
Answer: 2000 and 1000 BC

Question: Use of cotton in Iran dates back to what period?
Answer: Achaemenid era

Question: When was the Achaemenid era?
Answer: 5th century BC

Question: In what source can references to cotton be found in Iran?
Answer: Persian poets' poems

Question: What 13th century explorer saw cotton in Persia?
Answer: Marco Polo

Question: What Frenchman in the 17th century noted cotton farming in Persia?
Answer: John Chardin

Question: When did cotton begin to be commercially grown in Egypt?
Answer: 1820's,

Question: What French businessman convinced the ruler of Egypt to grow cotton for the French market?
Answer: M. Jumel

Question: Who was ruler of Egypt in the 1820s?
Answer: Mohamed Ali Pasha

Question: How high had cotton revenues risen by the time of the American Civil War?
Answer: $56 million

Question: How many bales of cotton were produced by Egypt by 1903?
Answer: 1.2 million bales a year

Question: In the late medieval period in Europe as what was cotton viewed?
Answer: imported fiber

Question: What 1350 writer stated that cotton was produced by sheep that grew on trees?
Answer: John Mandeville

Question: What ancient writer gave later eras the idea that cotton might be a tree?
Answer: Herodotus

Question: By the end of what century was cotton grown in the Americas and Asia?
Answer: 16th century

Question: Why was it easy for people to believe that cotton grew on sheep that grew in plants?
Answer: similarities to wool

Question: How did British rule effect Indian cotton processing?
Answer: declined

Question: During what centuries did British rule effect Indian cotton production?
Answer: late 18th and early 19th

Question: What British business's policies damaged the Indian cotton industry?
Answer: British East India Company

Question: What cotton products did British law mandate that India was allowed to sell?
Answer: raw cotton

Question: If instead of producing fabrics, where was India forced to purchase cotton products?
Answer: Britain

Question: What event produced an expansion of the British cotton industry?
Answer: Industrial Revolution

Question: When was a new spinning machine patented that boosted cotton production?
Answer: 1738

Question: What device did James Hargreaves invent?
Answer: spinning jenny

Question: What was Samuel Crompton's invention of 1775?
Answer: spinning mule

Question: Whic British city was nicknamed "Cottonopolis" because of its cotton production?
Answer: Manchester

Question: What invention improved the cotton industry in both America and Britain?
Answer: cotton gin

Question: What American invented the cotton gin?
Answer: Eli Whitney

Question: Before the use of the cotton gin, how was cotton separated?
Answer: by hand

Question: What business development did the British use to establish a hold on the global cotton market?
Answer: commercial chain

Question: From what source was raw cotton first bought and later resold?
Answer: colonial markets

Question: What was the difference that made American cotton preferred over Indian cotton?
Answer: longer, stronger fibers