Question: IN what form are mineral acquired by the roots?
Answer: as soluble ions

Question: From where does the plant get the required minerals?
Answer: chemical breakdown of soil

Question: Where is sucrose produced in a plant?
Answer: the leaves

Question: How are hormones moved around a plant?
Answer: by a variety of processes

Question: When was the theory of plant hormones introduced?
Answer: late 19th century

Question: To what did Darwin compare the top of the plant radical?
Answer: the brain of one of the lower animals

Question: Why did Darwin feel plants had something comparable to a brain?
Answer: movements of plant shoots

Question: What do auxins do?
Answer: promotes cell growth

Question: What can plant callus be coaxed into doing?
Answer: form roots and shoots

Question: What are cytokinins responsible for in plants?
Answer: control of cell division

Question: Where are cytokinins produced?
Answer: in roots

Question: How is bud development determined?
Answer: cytokinesis

Question: How is the height of a plant determined?
Answer: gibberelins

Question: What acid slows or stops cell division?
Answer: Abscisic

Question: What is the study of the inside of plants?
Answer: Plant anatomy

Question: What is the study of the outside of plants?
Answer: plant morphology

Question: How are plants different from animals?
Answer: primary cell wall composed of the polysaccharides cellulose

Question: Where do plants store their DNA?
Answer: in nuclei

Question: Are the vacuoles of plant cells larger or smaller than animal cells?
Answer: larger

Question: What makes up the bodies of vascular plants?
Answer: stems bearing green photosynthesising leaves

Question: Do roots contain chlorophyll?
Answer: generally lack chlorophyll

Question: What makes a plant non-vascular?
Answer: do not produce ground-penetrating vascular roots

Question: How much of a non-vascular plant is involved in photosynthesis?
Answer: most of the plant

Question: How are sporophytes generated in liverworts?
Answer: nonphotosynthetic

Question: Do the roots and shoots need each other?
Answer: interdependent

Question: What do the roots get from the shoots?
Answer: food

Question: What are roots used for in beets and carrots?
Answer: to store food

Question: What happens if a plant looses roots or its shoots?
Answer: can often regrow it

Question: What do the shoots get from the roots?
Answer: water and minerals

Question: What are the stems used for in cacti?
Answer: store water

Question: For what are leaves used?
Answer: gather sunlight

Question: What are angiosperms?
Answer: plants that produce flowers and have enclosed seeds

Question: What kind of plants are gymnosperms?
Answer: woody plants

Question: What kind of leaves are large and flat?
Answer: foliage leaves

Question: How did Linnaeus group organisms?
Answer: shared physical characteristics

Question: How did Darwin change the grouping pioneered by Linnaeus?
Answer: by ancestry rather than superficial characteristics

Question: How are grouping determined currently?
Answer: DNA sequences

Question: Who maintains a standard of grouping for naming purposes?
Answer: International Botanical Congress.

Question: What is the main grouping of a plant know as?
Answer: Kingdom

Question: What is the most narrow grouping of a plant?
Answer: Species

Question: Do different countries refer to plants by different names?
Answer: single world-wide name

Question: What part of the name is always capitalized?
Answer: the genus

Question: How is the entire name usually presented in scientific texts?
Answer: italicised

Question: What does the phylogeny of a group represent?
Answer: relationships and heredity

Question: How are the relationships within the group determined?
Answer: shared inheritance

Question: What would be an indication of a shared inheritance in two cacti?
Answer: spines produced from areoles

Question: What are areoles?
Answer: pad-like structures

Question: Why might two plants be similar but not actually be in the same group?
Answer: convergent evolution

Question: How can two different plants acquire the same traits?
Answer: arisen independently

Question: What traits show a shared ancestry?
Answer: derived characters

Question: How are common ancestries represented for plant families?
Answer: tree-like diagrams

Question: What is used now to group plants?
Answer: DNA sequences

Question: What was previously used to group plants?
Answer: morphological characters

Question: How is DNA grouping superior?
Answer: genetic code itself is used

Question: Are fungi more like plants or animals?
Answer: closely related to animals

Question: When was DNA sequencing first used for grouping plants?
Answer: 1990s

Question: What was the first plant grouping based on DNA sequencing?
Answer: flowering plants

Question: What can be learned from DNA sequencing of plants?
Answer: evolution in plants

Question: How has technology improved the study of botany?
Answer: greatly increased the level of detail

Question: What have scientists learned about angiosperms from DNA sequencing?
Answer: which families represent the earliest branches

Question: What is Madonna's real name?
Answer: Madonna Louise Ciccone

Question: When was Madonna born?
Answer: August 16, 1958

Question: Which is the other name that Madonna is always referred as?
Answer: Queen of Pop

Question: Madonna became a fixture on which TV channel?
Answer: MTV

Question: Who is known for maintaining her autonomy and reinventing her image in the music industry?
Answer: Madonna

Question: Where was Madonna born?
Answer: Bay City, Michigan

Question: In which year did Madonna move to New York City?
Answer: 1977

Question: Which record label did Madonna sign with in 1982?
Answer: Sire Records

Question: What was the name of the album she released in 1983?
Answer: Madonna

Question: Name Madonna's Grammy award album in 1998?
Answer: Ray of Light

Question: Name a film role that Madonna acted in.
Answer: Desperately Seeking Susan

Question: Which movie earned Madonna a Golden Globe Award?
Answer: Evita

Question: Name one of Madonna's other business ventures?
Answer: fashion design

Question: What is the name of the entertainment company that Madonna founded?
Answer: Maverick

Question: Which year did Madonna sign a $120 million deal with Live Nation?
Answer: 2007

Question: How many records did Madonna sell worldwide?
Answer: more than 300 million

Question: Madonna is recognize as the best selling female music artiste by who?
Answer: Guinness World Records

Question: How many certified albums does Madonna have?
Answer: 64.5 million

Question: Since 1990, how much did Madonna make in her concerts?
Answer: $1.31 billion

Question: Who is one of the founding members of the UK Music Hall of Fame?
Answer: Madonna

Question: Madonna was born to which religion?
Answer: Catholic

Question: Where were Madonna's paternal grandparents come from?
Answer: Pacentro, Italy

Question: Madonna's mother was from which ancestry?
Answer: French-Canadian

Question: What was Tony's occupation?
Answer: engineer designer

Question: What was Madonna's nickname when she was younger?
Answer: Little Nonni

Question: Which name did Madonna adopted as her confirmation name?
Answer: Veronica

Question: Which disease did her mother passed away from?
Answer: breast cancer

Question: Where was Madonna raised?
Answer: Detroit suburbs of Pontiac and Avon Township

Question: What was Madonna's mother's reaction to her questioning about her illness?
Answer: cry

Question: Who did Madonna turn to for comfort during her mother's illness?
Answer: paternal grandmother

Question: How did the Ciccone siblings behaved towards anyone brought to their home to replace their beloved mother?
Answer: rebelled

Question: Who did Madonna tell in an interview that as a young girl, she was lonely and always searching for something?
Answer: Vanity Fair