Question: What is the cause of childhood malnutrition?
Answer: diarrhea

Question: Children who have experienced sever diarrhea are more likely to have what effect?
Answer: significantly lower scores on a series of tests of intelligence

Question: What is IBS?
Answer: irritable bowel syndrome

Question: What symptoms do you have with IBS?
Answer: abdominal discomfort relieved by defecation and unusual stool (diarrhea or constipation) for at least 3 days a week over the previous 3 months

Question: How can symptoms be managed with IBS?
Answer: a combination of dietary changes, soluble fiber supplements, and/or medications

Question: What is a good indicator of the rate of infectious diarrhea?
Answer: Poverty

Question: Why does living in poverty raise your risk of diarrhea?
Answer: from the conditions under which impoverished people live

Question: What causes this to be exacerbated?
Answer: the lack of adequate, available, and affordable medical care.

Question: Why is proper nutrition important?
Answer: for health and functioning, including the prevention of infectious diarrhea

Question: What effects does lower levels of zinc have in children?
Answer: greater number of instances of diarrhea, severe diarrhea, and diarrhea associated with fever

Question: What can having a vitamin A deficiency cause?
Answer: cause an increase in the severity of diarrheal episodes

Question: What is the rate of  vitamin A deficiency in children worldwide?
Answer: 127 million

Question: What did Nesse and Williams learn?
Answer: diarrhea may function as an evolved expulsion defense mechanism

Question: If diarrhea is stopped, would could happen?
Answer: there might be a delay in recovery.

Question: What happened with people with Shigella were treated with anti-diarrheal medication?
Answer: caused people to stay feverish twice as long as those not so treated.

Question: What has had major effects on the transmission of diarrheal diseases?
Answer: Basic sanitation techniques

Question: How much does hand washing reduce the chances of disease?
Answer: approximately 42–48%

Question: Why do developing countries not wash their hands as much as other countries?
Answer: access to soap and water is limited

Question: What is a solution to help this problem?
Answer: implementation of educational programs that encourage sanitary behaviours

Question: What is a major means of the spread of diarrhea disease?
Answer: water contamination

Question: What has cut the rate of diarrhea disease incidents? 
Answer: clean water supply and improved sanitation

Question: What would be the reduction in deisease incedence if there was better water and sanitation?
Answer: 22–27% reduction in disease incidence

Question: What is the downfall of using immunization against the pathogens that cause disease?
Answer: it does require targeting certain pathogens for vaccination

Question: What is responsible for 6% of dearrheal disease?
Answer: Rotavirus

Question: What percent is the rotavirus responsible for in diarrheal disease deaths?
Answer: 20%

Question: What was the effect of the Rotavirus vaccine?
Answer: (2-3%) decrease in total diarrheal disease incidence

Question: What year was the Rotovirus vaccine used?
Answer: 1985

Question: What can be done to combate dietary deficiences?
Answer: promoting better eating practices

Question: What has been used and shown successful in a decrease in incidence of diarrheal disease?
Answer: Zinc

Question: WHat strategy was found out to be more cost effective?
Answer: zinc supplementation

Question: What is the basic treatment many cases of diarrhea need?
Answer: replacing lost fluid and salts is the only treatment needed

Question: How is this treatment given?
Answer: This is usually by mouth – oral rehydration therapy – or, in severe cases, intravenously

Question: What type of diet is no longer recommended?
Answer: BRAT diet

Question: What does WHO recommend to do?
Answer: children with diarrhea continue to eat as sufficient nutrients are usually still absorbed to support continued growth and weight gain

Question: What can be used to prevent dehydration?
Answer: Oral rehydration solution (ORS)

Question: What are some good standard home solutions?
Answer: salted rice water, salted yogurt drinks, vegetable and chicken soups with salt

Question: What is a commercial solution that can also be used?
Answer: Pedialyte

Question: What is the WHO's recipe for ORS?
Answer: one liter water with one teaspoon salt (3 grams) and two tablespoons sugar (18 grams) added

Question: What are not recommended for younger kids because it can casue more dehydration?
Answer: Drinks especially high in simple sugars, such as soft drinks and fruit juices

Question: Why are sodas and high sugar fruit juices not recommended?
Answer: A too rich solution in the gut draws water from the rest of the body, just as if the person were to drink sea water

Question: What can be used to give fluids when they can not drink?
Answer: A nasogastric tube

Question: What does WHO recommend?
Answer: a child with diarrhea continue to be fed

Question: What does continuing to eat do for your illness?
Answer: Continued feeding speeds the recovery of normal intestinal function

Question: What happens when a childs food is restricted?
Answer: children whose food is restricted have diarrhea of longer duration and recover intestinal function more slowly

Question: Are antibiotics used in diarrhea instances?
Answer: they are usually not used except in specific situations

Question: What are the concerns with anitbiotics?
Answer: may increase the risk of hemolytic uremic syndrome in people infected with Escherichia coli O157:H7

Question: What are bacteria doing that makes them not work as well?
Answer: some bacteria are developing antibiotic resistance

Question: What are the origins of the word madrasa?
Answer: Arabic

Question: What type of educational institution does the term madrasa refer?
Answer: any type

Question: In Western culture, the term madrasa widely refers to the practices of what religion?
Answer: Islamic

Question: How many students enrolled in madaris are Muslim?
Answer: Not all

Question: What are the root origins of the word madrasah?
Answer: triconsonantal Semitic

Question: What is the literal translation of madrasah?
Answer: a place where learning and studying take place

Question: In Arabic, what does madarasah mean?
Answer: same as school does in the English language

Question: During the Ottoman Empire, what types of schools were typical?
Answer: lower schools and specialised

Question: What were the students in madaris called?
Answer: danişmends

Question: What is the English connotative understanding of the word madrash? 
Answer: Islamic institutions

Question: What is taught through a hifz class or set of classes?
Answer: memorization of the Qur'an

Question: What is shariah?
Answer: Islamic law

Question: What is the discipline taught in mantiq courses?
Answer: logic

Question: What set of courses does someone need to take for preparation to be considered as a scholar?
Answer: ʻālim

Question: What age groups are usually enrolled in madaris?
Answer: all ages

Question: How long does someone have to be enrolled in alim courses to earn a certificate or graduate?
Answer: approximately twelve years

Question: In what ways are madaris similar to western colleges?
Answer: people take evening classes and reside in dormitories

Question: Why do madaris extend enrollment to children of less fortunate circumstances?
Answer: provide them with education and training

Question: What is the format for co-education for women in madaris?
Answer: they study separately from the men

Question: What is the meaning of Islamic education?
Answer: education in the light of Islam itself

Question: What book is the basis for education in Islamic traditions?
Answer: Quran

Question: What types of education greatly differs from Islamic education?
Answer: Muslim education