Question: What do scientist call the function whereby tin changes when it's very cold?
Answer: tin pest

Question: What's present in plated surfaces that causes tin to grow metal filaments?
Answer: tension

Question: If part of a PCB isn't solderable, what can be used instead?
Answer: solder resist

Question: What's another term used for "solder resist"?
Answer: solder mask

Question: What solder resist with a four-word name is a popular choice in the industry?
Answer: liquid photoimageable solder mask

Question: What kind of coating gets applied to the PWB before light exposure?
Answer: photo-sensitive

Question: What solder resist is so inaccurate that few choose it anymore?
Answer: screen print epoxy ink

Question: What are bare-board tests looking for besides "opens"?
Answer: "shorts"

Question: What conductive metal are the lands on a circuit board made out of?
Answer: copper

Question: What's an absent connection that needs to be linked up on an unpopulated board called?
Answer: An open

Question: What does a flying probe tester deliver to the contact points during testing?
Answer: voltage

Question: What system tells the flying probe where to go and what to do?
Answer: CAM system

Question: Surface-mount is one type of construction used in PCB assembly; what's the other one?
Answer: through-hole

Question: Which type of construction makes components that use more space?
Answer: through-hole

Question: Which of the two kinds of construction is weaker under strain?
Answer: surface-mount

Question: If you're building a circuit board that has a lot of components that won't be used, which construction would be better?
Answer: surface-mount

Question: What's the most frequently used test configuration procedure for ICs?
Answer: Joint Test Action Group

Question: Do test circuits create permanent or temporary connections between traces?
Answer: temporary

Question: What component of the printed circuit board is appraised with boundary scan testing?
Answer: ICs

Question: To whom would you go to acquire the algorithms you'd use for the Joint Test Action Group procedures?
Answer: JTAG tool vendors

Question: What would you avoid by using the Joint Test Action Group standard?
Answer: physical test probes

Question: If a PCB is intended for use in an setting with extreme conditions, what would probably be applied?
Answer: conformal coating

Question: The conformal coating can prevent leaking, shorts, and what other type of moisture damage?
Answer: corrosion

Question: A conformal coating can be applied by spraying the PCB or by doing what else to it?
Answer: dipping

Question: What material was first used for conformal coating?
Answer: wax

Question: What action is made much more difficult for boards that have a conformal coating?
Answer: servicing

Question: What special protection are most PCBs shipped in?
Answer: antistatic bags

Question: What force can easily change or even completely destroy an etch on a PCB?
Answer: static charge

Question: What's another term for "grounded" in the context of PCBs?
Answer: earthed

Question: Non-traditional PCBs include microwave PCBs and what other type of board?
Answer: MCMs

Question: What class of PCBs are even more susceptible to static than standard ones?
Answer: non-traditional

Question: If a lead wasn't soldered manually, what device was used?
Answer: wave soldering machine

Question: Which type of PCB construction technique was used first?
Answer: through-hole

Question: In through-hole construction, what are the leads on the front attached to on the back?
Answer: copper traces

Question: For boards with two sides, to what angle are leads bent to in order to install them horizontally?
Answer: 90 degrees

Question: What is improved by bending leads in opposite directions on the back of double-sided PCBs?
Answer: mechanical strength

Question: Which type of construction is more expensive?
Answer: Through-hole

Question: What type of boards end up with limited routing space in through-hole manufacture?
Answer: multi-layer

Question: What force might damage a PCB if large components are surface mounted?
Answer: mechanical stress

Question: What components can be surface mounted to save space?
Answer: small-sized SMD components

Question: A component might not be able to be made any smaller because of its mechanical limitations or what other need?
Answer: power requirements

Question: When did surface-mount become a commonly used manufacturing process?
Answer: mid-1990s

Question: What did the new components with end tabs replace?
Answer: wire leads

Question: What improvement is possible with surface-mounting that enables higher production and lower labor costs?
Answer: automation

Question: What are SMDs?
Answer: surface mount devices

Question: Is it the chip or the package that influences the price of an SMD more?
Answer: chip

Question: What process is a trace left over from?
Answer: etching

Question: Along with thickness, what determines the resistance of a trace?
Answer: width

Question: What type of trace is often narrower than a ground trace?
Answer: signal

Question: In a multi-layer board, what metal would a ground plane be mostly made out of?
Answer: copper

Question: What type of circuits use a stripline and microstrip format?
Answer: microwave circuits

Question: What element of a laminate is designated by the cloth to resin ratio, among other things?
Answer: type designation

Question: What's the name for the measurement of a laminate's change in thickness as its temperature changes?
Answer: Z-axis expansion coefficient

Question: What's the abbreviation for the glass transition temperature of a laminate?
Answer: Tg

Question: What's the common name of polytetrafluoroethylene?
Answer: Teflon

Question: What pre-preg material is designated by "FR-2"?
Answer: phenolic cotton paper

Question: To what type of packaging is thermal expansion particularly critical?
Answer: ball grid array

Question: What material delivers optimum dimensional stability?
Answer: glass fiber

Question: What dielectric is matte glass and polyester?
Answer: FR-6

Question: Along with the non-woven class, what makes up the reinforcement type materials?
Answer: woven

Question: Which is the more expensive reinforcement type?
Answer: non-woven

Question: What type of structure do woven reinforcements have that cause them to have variation in their electrical parameters?
Answer: spatially nonhomogeneous

Question: Which ratio varies because of the structure of woven reinforcements?
Answer: resin/glass

Question: For what kind of applications are non-woven reinforcement materials better than woven ones?
Answer: RF/analog

Question: What's the temperature at which resin softens and expands called?
Answer: glass transition temperature

Question: Along with vias, what makes up the components of a board?
Answer: joints

Question: What will happen to the components when the temperature of resin goes above that of glass transition?
Answer: mechanical overload

Question: What do thick boards require to resist plating failure?
Answer: high Tg matrix

Question: When resin stays below Tg, its thermal expansion is similar to that of copper and what other material?
Answer: glass

Question: What will happen to the materials when a board gets wet or is in a humid area?
Answer: Moisture absorption

Question: If materials absorb moisture and then are heated enough to vaporize the water, the board might show delamination or what other type of damage?
Answer: cracking

Question: What percentage absorption do F-4 epoxies have?
Answer: 0.15%

Question: What's the approximate relative dielectric constant of most materials in circuit boards?
Answer: 4

Question: What material has an absorption rate of only 0.01%?
Answer: Teflon

Question: What's the minimum amount of copper a layer in a PCB can have to be considered "heavy copper"?
Answer: three ounces