Question: Who can individuals derive precedence from?
Answer: fathers or husbands

Question: Who can individuals can not derive precedence from?
Answer: mothers or wives

Question: What year did the Enlightenment begin according to French historians?
Answer: 1715

Question: Recent historians begin the period of Enlightenment in the 1620's which was also the start of what revolution?
Answer: scientific revolution

Question: A variety of movements such as liberalism and neoclassicism's intellectual heritage can be traced back to what period of time?
Answer: the Enlightenment.

Question: What was the French term for philosophers in the period of Enlightenment?
Answer: The Philosophes

Question: In what year did Louis XIV die?
Answer: 1715

Question: In what year did the French Revolution begin?
Answer: 1789

Question: In what decade did the scientific revolution begin?
Answer: 1620s

Question: Who said that virtue provides "the greatest happiness for the greatest numbers"? 
Answer: Francis Hutcheson

Question: Who was a major figure in the skeptical philosophical and empiricist traditions of philosophy?
Answer: David Hume

Question: Much of what is incorporated in the scientific method and some modern attitudes towards the relationship between science and religion were developed by David Hume and what other philosopher?
Answer: Adam Smith

Question: Which moral philosopher said "the greatest happiness for the greatest numbers"?
Answer: Francis Hutcheson

Question: Which two men were Francis Hutecheson's proteges?
Answer: David Hume and Adam Smith

Question: The nature of knowledge, evidence, experience, and causation together are called what?
Answer: the scientific method

Question: What type of philosopher was Francis Hutcheson?
Answer: moral

Question: In what areas of philosophy did Hume become a major figure?
Answer: skeptical philosophical and empiricist traditions

Question: What kind of topics began appearing more commonly in poetry and literature during the Enlightenment?
Answer: scientific topics

Question: Who penned a poem called "Poem to the Memory of Newton" to mourn the loss and praise the legacy of Newton? 
Answer: James Thomson

Question: Sir Richard Blackmore committed what system to verse in Creation?
Answer: Newtonian system

Question: What year was Newton's death?
Answer: 1727

Question: Who wrote "Poem to the Memory of Newton?"
Answer: James Thomson

Question: In what year did Newton die?
Answer: 1727

Question: Whose death in 1727 prompted poems to be written in his honour for decades?
Answer: Newton

Question: Who wrote Creation, a Philosophical Poem in Seven Books?
Answer: Sir Richard Blackmore

Question: In what year was Creation, a Philosophical Poem in Seven Books written?
Answer: 1712

Question: Who developed some of the fundamentals of European liberal thought?
Answer: Thomas Hobbes

Question: Thomas Hobbes ushered in the new debate of social contract theory through which work of his?
Answer: Leviathan

Question: What did John Locke base his governance philosophy on?
Answer: social contract theory

Question: What did John Locke base his governance philosphy in?
Answer: social contract theory

Question: Which English philosopher wrote Leviathan in 1651?
Answer: Thomas Hobbes

Question: Who developed the view that all legitimate political power must be "representative?"
Answer: Thomas Hobbes

Question: Which of Hobbes' ideas led to the distinction between civil society and the state?
Answer: the artificial character of the political order

Question: How does John Locke define mutual security?
Answer: the idea that one cannot infringe on another's natural rights

Question: What do Locke's idea of natural rights include?
Answer: perfect equality and freedom, and the right to preserve life and property

Question: Why did John Locke believe that one person cannot enslave another?
Answer: because it is morally reprehensible

Question: What was John Locke's one exception to denouncing slavery?
Answer: enslavement of a lawful captive in time of war would not go against one's natural rights

Question: In which of John Locke's works are natural rights most famously defined and discussed?
Answer: Second Treatise

Question: Who dropped any passages dealing with miracles or visitations of angels from his work the Jefferson Bible?
Answer: Thomas Jefferson

Question: The Enlightenment era religious commentary was, in part, a response to which war?
Answer: Thirty Years' War

Question: What did the Enlightenment mean for moderate Christians?
Answer: a return to simple Scripture

Question: Did John Locke want to foster or avoid increased detailed debate on the essence of Christianity?
Answer: avoid

Question: In which country did the Enlightenment become associated with anti-government and anti-Church radicalism?
Answer: France

Question: Which of the Enlightenment's leaders did the British government give a knighthood and lucrative government office?
Answer: Isaac Newton

Question: In which country did the government respond with hostility to the Enlightenment, even imprisoning philosophes?
Answer: France

Question: Was government response to the Enlightenment uniformly positive or widely varied?
Answer: varied

Question: In which class did the Enlightenment reach deepest, expressing a nationalistic tone?
Answer: middle

Question: By 1794, what did those against the Enlightenment point to as confirmation of their predictions?
Answer: Terror during the French Revolution

Question: Which type of philosophers argued that excessive dependence on reason was a mistake perpetuated by the Enlightenment?
Answer: Romantic

Question: What two ideas did conservative and clerical defenders of traditional religion attack as evil forces that encouraged immorality?
Answer: materialism and skepticism

Question: Most scholars use the beginning of the Napoleonic Wars or which other battle as a convenient date to end the Enlightenment?
Answer: French Revolution

Question: French historians generally use the beginning of which King's reign to date the start of the Enlightenment?
Answer: Louis XV

Question: What do French historians commonly call the Age of Enlightenment?
Answer: Siècle des Lumières (Century of Enlightenments)

Question: In what year was Descartes' Discourse on Method published?
Answer: 1637

Question: In what year was Issaac Newton's Principia Mathematica published?
Answer: 1687

Question: The creation of the public sphere is associated with the rise of capitalism and which other historical trend?
Answer: rise of the modern nation state

Question: What increased society's autonomy, self-awareness, and need for exchange of information?
Answer: Capitalism

Question: In what year did the aristocracy move from the King's palace at Versailles to Paris?
Answer: 1720

Question: The desire to explore, record and systematize knowledge had a meaningful impact on what other form of publication?
Answer: music

Question: What publication of Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a leading text in the late 18th century and was published 1767 in Geneva and 1768 in Paris?
Answer: Dictionnaire de musique

Question: In what year was Charles Burney's A General History of Music: From the Earliest Ages to the Present Period published?
Answer: 1776

Question: What Mozart piece did Rose Rosengard Subotnik conclude is "an ideal musical representation of the Enlightenment"?
Answer: Die Zauberflöte (1791)

Question: Which two perspectives did Rose Rosengard Subotnik use to compare Mozart's Die Cauberflote?
Answer: Enlightenment and Romantic

Question: What was the principal social institution of the republic during the French Enlightenment?
Answer: salon

Question: Was French society open or fearful of female participation in the literary sphere during the Enlightenment?
Answer: open

Question: What female occupation allowed women to play an essential part in the French Enlightenment?
Answer: salonnières