Question: In what century was Romanesque architecture first used?
Answer: 10th

Question: What feature of Romanesque architecture was especially prevalent in France?
Answer: arched stone vaults

Question: Who noted the prevalence of wall-paintings in Western churches of this era?
Answer: C. R. Dodwell

Question: What non-church architectural structure developed in the 10th century?
Answer: the castle

Question: Around what year did the great wave of church-building in stone occur?
Answer: 1000

Question: Who was a noted figure in Mosan art?
Answer: Nicholas of Verdun

Question: What year saw the death of Nicholas of Verdun?
Answer: 1205

Question: On what wall of a church was the Last Judgment typically painted?
Answer: west

Question: Where are narrative biblical scenes painted in the church at Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe?
Answer: on the barrel-vaulted roof

Question: What notable Romanesque metalwork is named for Gloucester?
Answer: Gloucester Candlestick

Question: In what century did the Gothic style first flourish?
Answer: 12th

Question: In what century did the Gothic style cease to be used?
Answer: 16th

Question: Along with Reims, where is a notable Gothic cathedral in France located?
Answer: Chartres

Question: What is a notable English Gothic cathedral?
Answer: Salisbury Cathedral

Question: Among which builders was the Gothic style first used?
Answer: French

Question: Who noted that 14th century monks bought books in shops?
Answer: Janetta Benton

Question: What form of art had the most prestige in this era?
Answer: Metalwork

Question: When did Giotto die?
Answer: 1337

Question: What were many pieces of secular art carved from in this period?
Answer: ivory

Question: Along with Duccio, what Italian artist was a noted innovator in this period?
Answer: Cimabue

Question: In what century was thought given to monastic reform?
Answer: 11th

Question: In what year was Cluny Abbey founded?
Answer: 909

Question: In what part of France was Cluny Abbey founded?
Answer: Mâcon

Question: Along with rigor, what did Cluny have a reputation for?
Answer: austerity

Question: What reforms were named for the abbey at Cluny?
Answer: Cluniac Reforms

Question: During what century did the Investiture Controversy occur?
Answer: 11th

Question: When did the reign of Pope Leo IX begin?
Answer: 1049

Question: What pope was involved in the Investiture Controversy?
Answer: Pope Gregory VII

Question: In what year was the Concordat of Worms agreed to?
Answer: 1122

Question: What secular rulers did the Concordat of Worms increase the power of?
Answer: German princes

Question: What monastic order did Bernard of Clairvaux belong to?
Answer: Cistercians

Question: When did Bernard of Clairvaux die?
Answer: 1153

Question: Along with Bari, what was a notable new pilgrimage site in this era?
Answer: Monte Gargano

Question: Along with Rome and Jerusalem, what traditional pilgrimage site saw a greater number of visitors in the High Middle Ages?
Answer: Compostela

Question: Along with the Cistercians, what new monastic order was founded in the High Middle Ages?
Answer: Carthusians

Question: Along with the Dominicans, what mendicant order was founded in the 13th century?
Answer: Franciscans

Question: What notable vow was sworn by the mendicant orders?
Answer: poverty

Question: How did the mendicant orders make a living?
Answer: begging

Question: What was the crusade against the Cathars called?
Answer: the Albigensian Crusade

Question: Along with the Cathars and Humiliati, what group was notably condemned as heretics in this period?
Answer: the Waldensians

Question: In what years did the Great Famine occur?
Answer: 1315–17

Question: What period resulted in poor weather that increased crop failures?
Answer: the Little Ice Age

Question: What period preceded the Little Ice Age?
Answer: the Medieval Warm Period

Question: Along with 1317–21, what span saw extreme rains in Europe?
Answer: 1313–14

Question: In what century did the European average annual temperature decrease?
Answer: 14th

Question: When did the Black Death start?
Answer: 1347

Question: How many million people died from the Black Death?
Answer: 35

Question: What popular uprising occurred in France during this period?
Answer: the jacquerie

Question: What English popular revolt took place during this period?
Answer: the Peasants' Revolt

Question: What Italian city experienced a popular revolt?
Answer: Florence

Question: By the end of this period, about what percentage of Western Europeans were serfs?
Answer: 50

Question: At serfdom's greatest extent, what percentage of Western Europeans were serfs?
Answer: 90

Question: In what part of Europe did serfdom increase in this period?
Answer: Eastern

Question: Instead of work, how did most Western European peasants pay their landlords in this period?
Answer: cash rents

Question: What noble interest did city-dwellers start to mimic in this period?
Answer: chivalry

Question: In what year were the Jews expelled from England?
Answer: 1290

Question: What year saw the expulsion of the French Jewish community?
Answer: 1306

Question: Along with Hungary, where did many expelled French Jews relocate to?
Answer: Poland

Question: In what year were Jews kicked out of Spain?
Answer: 1492

Question: Along with Turkey, France and Italy, where did expelled Spanish Jews travel to?
Answer: Holland

Question: Along with Aragon and Castile, what Christian kingdom was present on the Iberian Peninsula?
Answer: Portugal

Question: Why did kings increase the tax rate during this period?
Answer: Paying for the wars

Question: What English representative body provided consent for royal taxation?
Answer: Parliament

Question: What French body was similar in purpose to the English Parliament?
Answer: Estates General

Question: What social class was harmed by the lengthy wars of this era?
Answer: the peasantry

Question: When did the Hundred Years' War begin?
Answer: 1337

Question: What was the nickname of Edward III's son Edward?
Answer: the Black Prince

Question: When did the reign of Edward III begin?
Answer: 1327

Question: Along with Poitiers, what was the site of a notable victory by Edward III's England over the French?
Answer: Crécy

Question: What decade saw the victories of Joan of Arc?
Answer: 1420s

Question: Along with Poland and Hungary, what Eastern European state grew in power?
Answer: Bohemia

Question: During what century did Portugal devote itself to overseas expansion?
Answer: 15th

Question: What nation lost the Hundred Years' War?
Answer: England

Question: What was the regnal name of Henry Tudor?
Answer: Henry VII

Question: Along with Denmark and Sweden, what country was part of the Union of Kalmar?
Answer: Norway

Question: Emperors from what dynasty recaptured Constantinople in 1261?
Answer: Palaeologi

Question: Along with the Second Bulgarian Empire and the Kingdom of Serbia, what polity controlled the former Byzantine Balkan lands?
Answer: Venice

Question: What tribe of Turks emerged in 13th century Anatolia?
Answer: Ottomans

Question: In what year did Bulgaria become a vassal of the Ottomans?
Answer: 1366

Question: Who was defeated at the Battle of Kosovo?
Answer: Serbia

Question: During what years did the Avignon Papacy occur?
Answer: 1305–78

Question: What is another term for the Avignon Papacy?
Answer: Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy

Question: When did the Great Schism end?
Answer: 1418

Question: How many popes existed simultaneously after the Council of Constance?
Answer: two

Question: Who was made pope in 1417?
Answer: Martin V

Question: Of what nationality was John Wycliffe?
Answer: English

Question: In what year was Wycliffe declared a heretic?
Answer: 1415

Question: Who did Wycliffe believe should read the Bible?
Answer: the laity

Question: What Bohemian movement was influenced by Wycliffe?
Answer: Hussitism

Question: How did Jan Hus die?
Answer: burned at the stake