Question: What types of church were the Benedictines known for?
Answer: great abbey churches

Question: What is one type of Benedictine order that was common in France?
Answer: Cistercian Orders

Question: During what time period did Romanesque architecture become a pan-European style of construction?
Answer: 10th to the 13th century

Question: What is one country in the geographic area that was affected by the development of the Gothic style of architecture?
Answer: Croatia

Question: Why did country borders not affect differences in style within Gothic architecture?
Answer: proximity of some regions

Question: During which period did regional differences in Romanesque architecture become even more pronounced?
Answer: the Gothic

Question: England and what other country showed differences in architectural style rarely observed anywhere else?
Answer: Spain

Question: Northern Germany, Netherlands, northern Poland, Denmark, and the Baltic countries used what building material in place of local stone?
Answer: brick

Question: What was the name of the building style that resulted from the use of brick?
Answer: Brick Gothic, is called "Backsteingotik"

Question: What building style was the Hanseatic League connected with in Germany and Scandinavia?
Answer: "Backsteingotik"

Question: Why were many buildings covered with marble?
Answer: Because of the extensive and varied deposits of marble

Question: With what type of facade were buildings left with if they were to completed at a later time?
Answer: undecorated façade

Question: What is Romanesque architecture known as in England?
Answer: Norman architecture

Question: By the beginning of what century was the Romanesque style established all over Europe?
Answer: the 12th century

Question: The Romanesque style continued to affect and inspire  the basic architectural forms throughout which period?
Answer: the Medieval period

Question: What is one important category of building that was recognized during the Romanesque period?
Answer: the cathedral church

Question: What is another category of building that was established during the Romanesque period?
Answer: the palace

Question: What was the most important single design aspect that separated the Gothic style from the Romanesque? 
Answer: the pointed arch

Question: What is one example of a Gothic style element that was able to be incorporated because of technological innovation?
Answer: the flying buttresses

Question: What is another example of a Gothic style element that was able to be incorporated because of technological innovation?
Answer: traceried windows

Question: What is the name of the cathedral in Northern England that first displayed the use of the pointed arch?
Answer: Durham Cathedral

Question: What is the name of the cathedral in Sicily that first displayed the use of the pointed arch?
Answer: Cathedral of Cefalù

Question: What is one defining characteristic of the Gothic architectural style?
Answer: The pointed arch

Question: Which type of architecture first used the pointed arch during the seventh century?
Answer: Islamic architecture

Question: What other type of architecture also made use of the pointed arch?
Answer: Sassanian architecture

Question: The Roman Karamagara Bridge is an example of what type of structure?
Answer: secular structures

Question: Parabolic and pointed arches were used in what type of constrcution?
Answer: palace and sacred construction

Question: What could have affected Medieval Europe's embracing of the pointed arch?
Answer: cultural contacts with the Muslim world

Question: What event in the year 1090 could have had an effect on Medieval Europe's embracing of the pointed arch?
Answer: the Norman conquest of Islamic Sicily

Question: In which parts of the Western Mediterranean did the blending of Romanesque and Islamic styles occur?
Answer: those parts of the Western Mediterranean subject to Islamic control

Question: What is one cathedral in which the mixing of Romanesque, Gothic and Islamic styles can be seen?
Answer: Cefalù Cathedrals

Question: What is another example of a cathedral in which the blending of Romanesque, Gothic and Islamic styles can be seen?
Answer: Teruel Cathedral

Question: The distinctive forms that describe Gothic architecture developed out of which style?
Answer: Romanesque

Question: Barrel and groin vaults are examples of what kind of architecture?
Answer: Romanesque architecture

Question: What type of vaults were used in the Abbey of Saint-Étienne and Abbaye aux Dames?
Answer: ribbed vaults

Question: When was Durham Cathedral constructed?
Answer: from 1128 to 1133

Question: What cathedral first made use of pointed arches in high vaults? 
Answer: Durham Cathedral in England

Question: What is considered the first truly Gothic building?
Answer: The Basilica of Saint Denis

Question: Which cathedral was first to be rebuilt in the new style from 1150 to 1231?
Answer: Noyon Cathedral

Question: What is one of the features that have come to be considered as an important part of the Gothic style?
Answer: pointed arches

Question: What is one of the features that have come to be considered as an important part of the Gothic style?
Answer: flying buttresses

Question: What is one of the features that have come to be considered as an important part of the Gothic style?
Answer: ribbed vaulting

Question: What is one cathedral in which simple cylindrical columns stand out more than the Gothic features?
Answer: Abbey Saint-Denis

Question: When was the construction of Wells Cathedral in England begun?
Answer: in 1175

Question: Who completed the transepts and nave on Wells Cathedral in about 1230?
Answer: Adam Locke

Question: Which Cathedral is considered the first thoroughly Gothic cathedral?
Answer: Wells Cathedral

Question: What is another cathedral in which simple cylindrical columns stand out more than the Gothic features?
Answer: Notre Dame de Paris

Question: Who chose to rebuild the great Church of Saint-Denis in about 1137?
Answer: Suger

Question: Which portion the cathedral was the reconstruction of the great Church of Saint-Denis begun?
Answer: the West Front

Question: The facade of Saint Denis resembled what other well known structure?
Answer: the Roman Arch of Constantine

Question: Why were three large portal used in the construction of the Roman Arch of Constantine?
Answer: to ease the problem of congestion

Question: The facade of Saint Denis combines round arches with what other style arch?
Answer: pointed arches of the Gothic style

Question: When was the west front of Saint Denis completed?
Answer: in 1140

Question: What portion of the reconstruction of Saint Denis was begun after the completion of the west front? 
Answer: the eastern end

Question: What style of nave was left unaltered during this portion of the reconstruction of Saint Denis?
Answer: the Carolingian nave

Question: What style of columns did Abbott Suger use when reconstructing Saint Denis?
Answer: clustered columns

Question: What design element allowed the use of large clerestory windows?
Answer: the flying buttresses

Question: What type of buildings most prominently display the design aspects of the Gothic architectural style?
Answer: cathedrals and great churches

Question: Prior to the 20th century, a Gothic cathedral was considered to be what type of building in the town in which it was constructed?
Answer: the landmark building

Question: What is another name for the pointed arch?
Answer: the ogival

Question: What is an example of architectural technology that is seen in Gothic construction?
Answer: the ribbed vault

Question: What is another example of architectural technology that is seen in Gothic construction?
Answer: the buttress

Question: In England, which arm would generally show two distinct sections, choir and presbytery?
Answer: The eastern arm

Question: Who is a projecting Lady Chapel dedicated to?
Answer: the Virgin Mary