Question: What political party is the color blue associated with?
Answer: left-wing Democratic Party

Question: Did the political parties choose those colors?
Answer: unlike political color schemes of other countries, the parties did not choose those colors

Question: In what year did the occurrence of using different color schemes for the parties stop?
Answer: 2000

Question: When did political parties organize themselves into international organizations?
Answer: 19th and 20th century

Question: What are some examples of this?
Answer: The Universal Party, International Workingmen's Association

Question: Name an example of an administration that outlaws links between local and foreign political organizations. 
Answer: Hong Kong

Question: Who drew a difference between cadre parties and mass parties?
Answer: Maurice Duverger

Question: What are cadre parties?
Answer: political elites that were concerned with contesting elections and restricted the influence of outsiders

Question: What are mass parties?
Answer: Mass parties tried to recruit new members who were a source of party income and were often expected to spread party ideology

Question: What is an example of a mass party?
Answer: Socialist parties

Question: What type of parties are the two major parties in the United States?
Answer: cadre parties

Question: What does A cappella mean in the Italian language?
Answer: in the manner of the chapel

Question: What is another term occasionally used to refer to A cappella?
Answer: alla breve

Question: At what point did Renaissance polyphony become popular again?
Answer: 19th century

Question: How is A cappella currently defined?
Answer: group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment

Question: A cappella was originally used to tell the difference between which two styles?
Answer: Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato

Question: What form of music was A cappella predominately used for in its early years?
Answer: religious music

Question: What was considered part of A cappella until the Baroque period?
Answer: The madrigal

Question: The madrigal became what type of form that prevented it from being accompanied with A cappella?
Answer: instrumentally-accompanied

Question: In what era was most of the vocal music considered A cappella?
Answer: Renaissance

Question: Who was a known composer of A cappella music in the 15th century?
Answer: Josquin des Prez

Question: Bach was influenced by a popular A cappella composer heavily for what composition?
Answer: Mass in B Minor

Question: How many of Schutz's Easter pieces were in the A cappella style?
Answer: three

Question: Lagrime d'amante al sepolcro dell'amata's well known A cappella composition was written in what year?
Answer: 1610

Question: Some compositions were found after which composer's death?
Answer: Andrea Gabrieli

Question: When did Russian musika show up?
Answer: khorovïye kontsertï

Question: khorovïye kontsertï were typically done similar to what pieces?
Answer: Venetian-styled

Question: What bible passage gave rise to certain a cappella attitudes?
Answer: Psalms 150

Question: Who composed a popular Venetian-styled piece in 1675?
Answer: Nikolai Diletsky

Question: What is the name of the religious a cappella style used with shape notes?
Answer: Sacred Harp

Question: A cappella exists in some liturgical churches as an influence from what era?
Answer: apostolic times

Question: In the modern day, what broad religious group is most known to implement a cappella?
Answer: Christian religious bodies

Question: Why were instruments more unwelcome to Christians?
Answer: They were considered a Catholic innovation

Question: What was the name of the book in which Jeanie Deans is the protagonist?
Answer: The Heart of Midlothian

Question: Who is quoted for saying instruments in religious services are like "A cow bell in a concert" 
Answer: Alexander Campbell

Question: Who authored The Heart of the Midlothian?
Answer: Sir Walter Scott

Question: What does the rejection of instruments in Christian music likely stem from?
Answer: an interpretation of history

Question: During what time is there no record of Christians using instruments for worship?
Answer: 33 AD to 180AD

Question: At what point did instruments begin to receive condemnation from Christians?
Answer: the 2nd century

Question: For what reason do modern Christians continue to oppose the use of instruments?
Answer: Church Fathers had a better understanding of God's desire for the church

Question: On what day is using musical instruments not allowed? 
Answer: Sabbath

Question: In what style do Jewish families typically sing Sabbath songs?
Answer: a cappella

Question: What is a cappella music occasionally called among those of Jewish faith?
Answer: sefirah music

Question: How many days are counted between Passover and Shavuot?
Answer: 49

Question: What is part of the time between Passover and Shavuot thought to be?
Answer: a time of semi-mourning

Question: What is the name of the philosopher who praised music without instruments?
Answer: Philo

Question: What did Philo's views on the absence of instruments clash with?
Answer: Jewish scriptures

Question: What is the one instrument still in use today by the synagogue?
Answer: shofar

Question: The shofar stops being used at the end of what Jewish event?
Answer: Yom Kippur

Question: How is the shofar used?
Answer: by itself, without any vocal accompaniment

Question: When did a cappella begin to take hold in the United States?
Answer: 1911

Question: What was the name of the choir F. Mellus Christiansen used?
Answer: The St. Olaf College Choir

Question: Who did the St. Olaf Choir influence?
Answer: other regional conductors

Question: How many singers are typically in the choirs?
Answer: 40 to 80

Question: What a cappella group rose to popularity in 1943?
Answer: The Song Spinners

Question: What was boycotted by American musicians in 1943?
Answer: US recording studios

Question: Who is credited for first introducing elements of Jazz into a cappella?
Answer: The Hi-Los and the Four Freshmen

Question: What number one song was covered by an a cappella group in 1983?
Answer: "Only You"

Question: During and after the 80's, what helped a cappella music rise in popularity?
Answer: the success of Top 40 recordings

Question: In place of instruments, what do some modern a cappella groups implement?
Answer: vocal percussion

Question: Where does a cappella still maintain a heavy presence?
Answer: Christian music

Question: In a cappella, what do the voices not contributing lead vocals or a bass line contribute?
Answer: chordal or polyphonic accompaniment

Question: How many works of a cappella in musical theater have been successful in Off-Broadway productions?
Answer: four

Question: What was the name of the a cappella musical that first opened 28 January 1994?
Answer: Avenue X

Question: What time period was Avenue X set in?
Answer: the 1960s

Question: What was the final number of performances in Avenue X's original run?
Answer: 77

Question: Who was responsible for the lyrics of Avenue X?
Answer: Ray Leslee

Question: What Off-Broadway theater did Perfect Harmony open at?
Answer: Theatre Row’s Acorn Theatre

Question: Before coming to New York, at what theater had Perfect Harmony previously been successful?
Answer: Stoneham Theatre

Question: Perfect Harmony has been called a combination of which two musicals?
Answer: Altar Boyz and The 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee.

Question: In what month was Perfect Harmony's Off-Brodway debut?
Answer: October

Question: What genre best describes Perfect Harmony?
Answer: comedy

Question: What is the name of the a cappella musical that debuted Off-Broadway in the same year as Perfect Harmony?
Answer: In Transit

Question: Where does most of In Transit take place? 
Answer: the New York City subway system

Question: What a cappella vocal style is implemented in many of In Transit's songs?
Answer: beat boxing