Prolonged antibiotics for purulent bronchiectasis in children and adults.

The vicious cycle hypothesis for bronchiectasis predicts that bacterial colonisation of the respiratory tract perpetuates inflammatory change. This damages the mucociliary escalator preventing bacterial clearance and allowing the persistence of pro-inflammatory mediators. Conventional treatment with physiotherapy and intermittent antibiotics are felt to improve the condition of bronchiectasis patients although there are no conclusive data showing that these interventions influence the natural history of the condition. Various strategies have been tried to interrupt this cycle of infection and inflammation and one of these is to prolong antibiotic treatment in the hope of allowing the airway mucosa to heal.