The effect of exercise on pQCT parameters of bone structure and strength in postmenopausal women--a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Inconsistent study findings of exercise on areal bone density highlight the need to include parameters of bone geometry and volumetric bone density measurements. Using a systematic review and meta-analysis, we found a decrease in bone loss through the maintenance of cortical and trabecular volumetric bone mineral density (BMD). Studies with longer exercise durations and larger sample sizes are needed.