The prevalence and prognostic and clinicopathological value of PD-L1 and PD-L2 in renal cell carcinoma patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis involving 3,389 patients.

The research of the prognostic and clinicopathologic values of programmed cell death ligand 1/2 (PD-L1/2) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients has been mired by a dearth of studies and considerable controversy. We thus conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to report the prevalence and prognostic and clinicopathological value of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and programmed cell death-legend 2 (PD-L2) in RCC patients.