Impact of socioeconomic status on incident heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Socioeconomic status (SES) is recognizably linked with incident heart failure (HF) risk and the association of SES with geography presents a potential target for geographical location of preventive health services. To better inform policy we sought to quantify the independent association between SES and incident HF and investigate differences by type of SES measure.