The safety and tolerability of combined immune checkpoint inhibitors (anti-PD-1/PD-L1 plus anti-CTLA-4): a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The future of combined immunotherapy (a PD-1/PD-L1 plus a CTLA-4 antagonist) is very bright. However, besides improving efficacy, combined therapy increases treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs). Also, the clinical application is limited in some solid tumors.