Remote ischaemic preconditioning for renal and cardiac protection in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

The main aim of this systematic review was to assess whether remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC) protects kidneys and the heart in cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and to investigate a possible role of anaesthetic agents.