The use of image-guided surgery in endoscopic sinus surgery: an evidence-based review with recommendations.

The frequency of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) appears to be increasing, and the use of image-guided surgery (IGS) in these procedures is becoming more widespread. The use of IGS in ESS and anterior skull base surgery is predicated on the notion that its ability to aid in anatomic identification during surgery will lead to fewer complications and improved surgical outcomes. The purpose of this article is to provide an evidence-based examination of the benefits of IGS in ESS.