SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Voluntary Public Access and Wildlife 
Habitat Incentive Program Act of 2007''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    Congress finds that--
            (1) according to the United States Fish and Wildlife 
        Service, in 2001, 82,000,000 individuals in the United States 
        aged 16 years and older participated in wildlife-related 
        recreation, including 48,000,000 individuals who hunted, and 
        more than 66,000,000 who engaged in wildlife-related recreation 
        such as observing, feeding, or photographing wildlife, in the 
        United States;
            (2) individuals who participated in wildlife-related 
        activities in 2001 spent--
                    (A) an estimated $56,000,000,000 on hunting and 
                fishing equipment and supplies; and
                    (B) more than $28,000,000,000 on food, lodging, and 
                transportation;
            (3) purchases of hunting and fishing licenses, permits, and 
        stamps and excise taxes on goods used by hunters and fishers 
        have generated billions of dollars for wildlife conservation, 
        research, and management;
            (4) the growing public demand for hunting and fishing 
        opportunities accessible to the public is increasingly 
        constrained by the limits on both public and private land 
        resources;
            (5) recreational hunting and fishing--
                    (A) provide essential funding sources for--
                            (i) wildlife habitat development;
                            (ii) the conservation of wildlife;
                            (iii) the preservation of ecosystems; and
                            (iv) effective wildlife management; and
                    (B) contribute to the reduction of conflicts 
                between people and wildlife;
            (6) limited public access on private land has often 
        frustrated and disappointed hunters, fishers, and other 
        naturalists and undermined the relationship between land owners 
        and the general public;
            (7) 21 States and several tribal governments have 
        established successful but modest walk-in programs to encourage 
        public hunting on private farm, ranch, and forest land, yet the 
        demand for such voluntary access programs remains largely 
        unfulfilled;
            (8) traditional agricultural production methods and markets 
        have in recent years offered limited income opportunities for 
        farm, ranch and forest land owners and operators; and
            (9) current proposals to reform world agricultural trade 
        favor the development of new methods to support the income of 
        agricultural producers that have minimal impact on agricultural 
        production and prices.

SEC. 3. VOLUNTARY PUBLIC ACCESS AND HABITAT INCENTIVE PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 5 of subtitle D of title XII of the Food 
Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839bb et seq.) is amended by adding at 
the end the following:

``SEC. 1240Q. VOLUNTARY PUBLIC ACCESS AND HABITAT INCENTIVE PROGRAM.

    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall establish a voluntary public 
access program under which States and tribal governments may apply for 
grants to encourage owners and operators of privately-held farm, ranch, 
and forest land to voluntarily make that land available for access by 
the public for wildlife-dependent recreation, including hunting or 
fishing, under programs administered by the States and tribal 
governments.
    ``(b) Applications.--In submitting applications for a grant under 
the program, a State or tribal government shall describe--
            ``(1) the benefits that the State or tribal government 
        intends to achieve by encouraging public access to private farm 
        and ranch land for--
                    ``(A) hunting and fishing; and
                    ``(B) to the maximum extent practicable, other 
                recreational purposes; and
            ``(2) the methods that will be used to achieve those 
        benefits.
    ``(c) Priority.--In approving applications and awarding grants 
under the program, the Secretary shall give priority to States and 
tribal governments that propose--
            ``(1) to maximize participation by offering a program the 
        terms of which are likely to meet with widespread acceptance 
        among landowners;
            ``(2) to ensure that land enrolled under the State or 
        tribal government program has appropriate wildlife habitat;
            ``(3) to strengthen wildlife habitat improvement efforts on 
        land enrolled in a special conservation reserve enhancement 
        program described in 1234(f)(4) by providing incentives to 
        increase public hunting and other recreational access on that 
        land; and
            ``(4) to use additional Federal, State, tribal government, 
        or private resources in carrying out the program.
    ``(d) Relationship to Other Laws.--Nothing in this section preempts 
a State or tribal government law (including any State or tribal 
government liability law).
    ``(e) Regulations.--The Secretary shall promulgate such regulations 
as are necessary to carry out this section.''.
    (b) Funding.--Section 1241(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 
U.S.C. 3841(a)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``(8) The voluntary public access program under section 
        1240Q, using, to the maximum extent practicable, $20,000,000 in 
        each of fiscal years 2008 through 2012.''.

SEC. 4. PREVENTION OF EXCESS BASE ACRES.

    Section 1101(g)(2) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 
2002 (7 U.S.C. 7911(g)(2)) is amended by striking subparagraph (C).
Voluntary Public Access and Wildlife Habitat Incentive Program Act of 2007 - Amends the Food Security Act of 1985 to direct the Secretary of Agriculture to establish a program under which states and tribal governments may apply for grants to encourage owners and operators of privately-held farm, ranch, and forest land to voluntarily make such land available for public access for wildlife-dependent recreation (including hunting or fishing) under state- and tribally-administered plans.

Amends the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 to exclude from excess base acreage computation for direct and counter-cyclical payment purposes certain conservation enrolled farm land not planted in an agricultural commodity.
To amend the Food Security Act of 1985 to encourage owners and operators of privately-held farm, ranch, and forest land to voluntarily make their land available for access by the public under programs administered by States and tribal governments.