SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Enhanced Safety from Wildfire Act of 
2003''.

SEC. 2. UNITED STATES LIABILITY FOR DAMAGES RESULTING FROM THE SPREAD 
              OF WILDFIRE FROM FORESTED PUBLIC LANDS.

    (a) Imposition of Liability for Spread of Wildfire.--Title III of 
the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 is amended by 
inserting after section 318 (43 U.S.C. 1748) the following new section:

  ``sec. 319. liability for damages resulting from spread of wildfire 
           from public lands or national forest system lands.

    ``(a) Liability as Rule of Law.--Except as provided in subsections 
(b), (c), and (d), and subject to the delayed effective date specified 
in subsection (h), any injury to or loss of property that occurs on 
non-Federal lands as a direct result of a fire that spread from 
forested Federal lands onto the non-Federal lands, either directly or 
by first spreading to other non-Federal lands, shall be deemed to be an 
injury or loss of property caused by the negligent or wrongful act or 
omission of an employee of the United States while acting within the 
scope of the employee's office or employment for purposes of section 
1346 and chapter 171 of title 28, United States Code (commonly known as 
the `Federal Tort Claims Act').
    ``(b) Additional Requirement for Certain Non-Federal Lands.--The 
owner or leasee of non-Federal lands damaged by the spread of wildfire 
from forested Federal lands may not utilize the rule of law specified 
in subsection (a) when the non-Federal lands exceed 6,400 acres and are 
used for the commercial production of timber, unless the owner or 
leasee proves that the damaged non-Federal lands were being managed to 
achieve or maintain the forest health status known as condition class 1 
immediately before the fire. In the event of a dispute between the 
owner or leasee and the Secretary concerned regarding the status of the 
non-Federal lands before the fire, the determination of the State 
Forester of the State in which the lands are located shall control and 
any expenses associated with State Foresters determination shall be 
equally divided between the disputing parties.
    ``(c) Exclusion of Condition Class 1 Lands.--The rule of law 
specified in subsection (a) shall not apply if the forested Federal 
lands within the buffer zone adjacent to the Federal land boundary from 
which the fire spread to non-Federal lands were managed as condition 
class 1 immediately before the fire.
    ``(d) Exclusion of Other Federal Lands.--The rule of law specified 
in subsection (a) shall not apply to the following Federal lands, even 
though wildfire may originate on such lands and spread to adjacent non-
Federal lands:
            ``(1) A component of the National Wilderness Preservation 
        System.
            ``(2) Federal lands where, by Act of Congress, Presidential 
        proclamation, or land and resource management plan, the removal 
        of vegetation is prohibited.
            ``(3) Areas of Federal lands that comprise less than 6,400 
        acres and are not contiguous to other Federal lands.
    ``(e) Exception for O&C Lands.--The rule of law specified in 
subsection (a) shall apply to National Forest System lands and Bureau 
of Land Management lands administered under the authorities of the O&C 
Sustained Yield Act of 1937 and that do not meet the acreage limitation 
set forth in subsection (d)(3).
    ``(f) Report Regarding Status of Buffer Lands.--Not later than two 
years after the date of the enactment of this section, the Secretary 
concerned shall submit to Congress a report describing the forest 
health status of all buffer zones with non-Federal lands and the extent 
to which the buffer zones are in, or are being managed to achieve, the 
forest health status known as condition class 1.
    ``(g) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) The term `buffer zone' refers to those forested 
        Federal lands that are within a prescribed distance of a 
        Federal land boundary with non-Federal lands and comprise, or 
        are part of a larger area of Federal lands comprising, 6,400 
        acres or more. The Secretary shall prescribe the actual buffer 
        zone for a particular area of forested Federal lands based on 
        the geography, topography, and forest cover of the lands.
            ``(2) The term `condition class 1', with respect to an area 
        of forested Federal lands or non-Federal lands, means that the 
        lands are managed so that--
                    ``(A) fire regimes on the lands are within 
                historical ranges;
                    ``(B) vegetation composition and structure are 
                intact; and
                    ``(C) the risk of losing key ecosystem components 
                from the occurrence of fire remains relatively low.
            ``(3) The term `forested Federal lands' means public lands 
        and National Forest System lands that contain trees as a 
        significant component of the lands.
            ``(4) The term `Secretary concerned' means the Secretary of 
        the Interior (or the designee of that Secretary) with respect 
        to public lands and the Secretary of Agriculture (or the 
        designee of that Secretary) with respect to National Forest 
        System lands.
    ``(h) Delayed Effective Date.--The rule of law specified in 
subsection (a) shall take effect at the end of the eight-year period 
beginning on the date of the enactment of this section and apply with 
respect to fires that spread from Federal lands onto non-Federal lands 
after the end of such period.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of contents at the beginning of 
the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 is amended by 
inserting after the item relating to section 318 the following new 
item:

``Sec. 319. Liability for damages resulting from spread of wildfire 
                            from public lands or National Forest System 
                            lands.''.
Enhanced Safety from Wildfire Act of 2003 - Amends the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 with respect to fires that spread from forested Federal lands onto nonfederal lands and cause injuries or property loss. Assumes Federal responsibility for injuries or property loss resulting from such fires under the Federal Tort Claims Act and other Federal law pertaining to the United States as a defendant in District Court. Provides for exceptions in certain cases, including if: (1) the nonfederal land exceeds 6,400 acres and is being used for commercial timber production (unless the nonfederal land was being managed to achieve or maintain condition class 1 health status immediately before the fire); (2) the Federal land is a component of the National Wilderness Preservation System; or (3) the Federal land comprises less than 6,400 acres and is not contiguous to other Federal lands. States that Federal responsibility will apply in the case of injuries or property loss from a fire originating on National Forest System or Bureau of Land Management lands administered under the authorities of the O&C Sustained Yield Act of 1937 and that comprise less than 6,400 acres.
A bill to amend the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 to provide owners of non-Federal lands with a reliable method of receiving compensation for damages resulting from the spread of wildfire from nearby forested National Forest System lands or Bureau of Land Management lands, when those forested Federal lands are not maintained in the forest health status known as condition class 1.