SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

     This Act may be cited as the ``Restrict and Eliminate the Delivery 
of Unsolicited Commercial Electronic Mail or Spam Act of 2003'' or the 
``REDUCE Spam Act of 2003''.

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

     In this Act:
            (1) Commercial electronic mail message.--
                    (A) In general.--The term ``commercial electronic 
                mail message'' means any electronic mail message the 
                primary purpose of which is the commercial 
                advertisement or promotion of a commercial product or 
                service (including content on an Internet website 
                operated for a commercial purpose).
                    (B) Reference to company or website.--The inclusion 
                of a reference to a commercial entity or a link to the 
                website of a commercial entity in an electronic mail 
                message does not, by itself, cause such message to be 
                treated as a commercial electronic mail message for 
                purposes of this Act if the contents or circumstances 
                of the message indicate a primary purpose other than 
                commercial advertisement or promotion of a commercial 
                product or service.
            (2) Commission.--The term ``Commission'' means the Federal 
        Trade Commission.
            (3) Electronic mail address.--
                    (A) In general.--The term ``electronic mail 
                address'' means a destination (commonly expressed as a 
                string of characters) to which an electronic mail 
                message can be sent or delivered.
                    (B) Inclusion.--In the case of the Internet, the 
                term ``electronic mail address'' may include an 
                electronic mail address consisting of a user name or 
                mailbox (commonly referred to as the ``local part'') 
                and a reference to an Internet domain (commonly 
                referred to as the ``domain part'').
            (4) FTC act.--The term ``FTC Act'' means the Federal Trade 
        Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 41 et seq.).
            (5) Header information.--The term ``header information'' 
        means the source, destination, and routing information attached 
        to an electronic mail message, including the originating domain 
        name and originating electronic mail address.
            (6) Initiate.--The term ``initiate'', when used with 
        respect to a commercial electronic mail message, means to 
        originate such message or to procure the transmission of such 
        message, either directly or through an agent, but shall not 
        include actions that constitute routine conveyance of such 
        message by a provider of Internet access service. For purposes 
        of this Act, more than 1 person may be considered to have 
        initiated the same commercial electronic mail message.
            (7) Internet.--The term ``Internet'' has the meaning given 
        that term in section 231(e)(3) of the Communications Act of 
        1934 (47 U.S.C. 231(e)(3)).
            (8) Internet access service.--The term ``Internet access 
        service'' has the meaning given that term in section 231(e)(4) 
        of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 231(e)(4)).
            (9) Pre-existing business relationship.--
                    (A) In general.--The term ``pre-existing business 
                relationship'', when used with respect to a commercial 
                electronic mail message, means that either--
                            (i) within the 5-year period ending upon 
                        receipt of a commercial electronic mail 
                        message, there has been a business transaction 
                        between the sender and the recipient, including 
                        a transaction involving the provision, free of 
                        charge, of information, goods, or services 
                        requested by the recipient and the recipient 
                        was, at the time of such transaction or 
                        thereafter, provided a clear and conspicuous 
                        notice of an opportunity not to receive further 
                        commercial electronic mail messages from the 
                        sender and has not exercised such opportunity; 
                        or
                            (ii) the recipient has given the sender 
                        permission to initiate commercial electronic 
                        mail messages to the electronic mail address of 
                        the recipient and has not subsequently revoked 
                        such permission.
                    (B) Applicability.--If a sender operates through 
                separate lines of business or divisions and holds 
                itself out to the recipient as that particular line of 
                business or division, then such line of business or 
                division shall be treated as the sender for purposes of 
                subparagraph (A).
            (10) Recipient.--The term ``recipient'', when used with 
        respect to a commercial electronic mail message, means the 
        addressee of such message.
            (11) Sender.--The term ``sender'', when used with respect 
        to a commercial electronic mail message, means the person who 
        initiates such message. The term ``sender'' does not include a 
        provider of Internet access service whose role with respect to 
        electronic mail messages is limited to handling, transmitting, 
        retransmitting, or relaying such messages.
            (12) Unsolicited commercial electronic mail message.--The 
        term ``unsolicited commercial electronic mail message'' means 
        any commercial electronic mail message that--
                    (A) is not a transactional or relationship message; 
                and
                    (B) is sent to a recipient without the recipient's 
                prior affirmative or implied consent.

SEC. 3. COMMERCIAL ELECTRONIC MAIL CONTAINING FRAUDULENT HEADER OR 
              ROUTING INFORMATION.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 63 of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 1351. Unsolicited commercial electronic mail containing 
              fraudulent header information
    ``(a) Any person who initiates the transmission of any unsolicited 
commercial electronic mail message, with knowledge and intent that the 
message contains or is accompanied by header information that is false 
or materially misleading, shall be fined or imprisoned for not more 
than 1 year, or both, under this title.
    ``(b) For purposes of this section, the terms `unsolicited 
commercial electronic mail message' and `header information' have the 
meanings given such terms in section 2 of the REDUCE Spam Act of 
2003.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--The chapter analysis at the beginning of 
chapter 63 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the 
end the following:

``1351. Unsolicited commercial electronic mail.''.

SEC. 4. REQUIREMENTS FOR UNSOLICITED COMMERCIAL ELECTRONIC MAIL.

    (a) Subject Line Requirements.--It shall be unlawful for any person 
to initiate the transmission of an unsolicited commercial electronic 
mail message to an electronic mail address within the United States, 
unless the subject line includes--
            (1) except in the case of an unsolicited commercial 
        electronic mail message described in paragraph (2)--
                    (A) an identification that complies with the 
                standards adopted by the Internet Engineering Task 
                Force for identification of unsolicited commercial 
                electronic mail messages; or
                    (B) in the case of the absence of such standards, 
                ``ADV:'' as the first four characters; or
            (2) in the case of an unsolicited commercial electronic 
        mail message that contains material that may only be viewed, 
        purchased, rented, leased, or held in possession by an 
        individual 18 years of age and older--
                    (A) an identification that complies with the 
                standards adopted by the Internet Engineering Task 
                Force for identification of adult-oriented unsolicited 
                commercial electronic mail messages; or
                    (B) in the case of the absence of such standards, 
                ``ADV:ADLT'' as the first eight characters.
    (b) Return Address Requirements.--
            (1) Establishment.--It shall be unlawful for any person to 
        initiate the transmission of an unsolicited commercial 
        electronic mail message to an electronic mail address within 
        the United States, unless the sender establishes a valid 
        sender-operated return electronic mail address where the 
        recipient may notify the sender not to send any further 
        commercial electronic mail messages.
            (2) Included statement.--All unsolicited commercial 
        electronic mail messages subject to this subsection shall 
        include a statement informing the recipient of the valid return 
        electronic mail address referred to in paragraph (1).
            (3) Prohibition of sending after objection.--Upon 
        notification or confirmation by a recipient of the recipient's 
        request not to receive any further unsolicited commercial 
        electronic mail messages, it shall be unlawful for a person, or 
        anyone acting on that person's behalf, to send any unsolicited 
        commercial electronic mail message to that recipient. Such a 
        request shall be deemed to terminate a pre-existing business 
        relationship for purposes of determining whether subsequent 
        messages are unsolicited commercial electronic mail messages.
    (c) Header and Subject Heading Requirements.--
            (1) False or misleading header information.--It shall be 
        unlawful for any person to initiate the transmission of an 
        unsolicited commercial electronic mail message that such person 
        knows, or reasonably should know, contains or is accompanied by 
        header information that is false or materially misleading.
            (2) Deceptive subject headings.--It shall be unlawful for 
        any person to initiate the transmission of an unsolicited 
        commercial electronic mail message with a subject heading that 
        such person knows, or reasonably should know, is likely to 
        mislead a recipient, acting reasonably under the circumstances, 
        about a material fact regarding the contents or subject matter 
        of the message.
    (d) Affirmative Defense.--A person who violates subsection (a) or 
(b) shall not be liable if--
            (1)(A) the person has established and implemented, with due 
        care, reasonable practices and procedures to effectively 
        prevent such violations; and
            (B) the violation occurred despite good faith efforts to 
        maintain compliance with such practices and procedures; or
            (2) within the 2-day period ending upon the initiation of 
        the transmission of the unsolicited commercial electronic mail 
        message in violation of subsection (a) or (b), such person 
        initiated the transmission of such message, or one 
        substantially similar to it, to less than 1,000 electronic mail 
        addresses.

SEC. 5. ENFORCEMENT.

    (a) In General.--Section 4 shall be enforced by the Commission 
under the FTC Act. For purposes of such Commission enforcement, a 
violation of this Act shall be treated as a violation of a rule under 
section 18 (15 U.S.C. 57a) of the FTC Act prohibiting an unfair or 
deceptive act or practice.
    (b) Rulemaking.--Not later than 30 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Commission shall institute a rulemaking proceeding 
concerning enforcement of this Act. The rules adopted by the Commission 
shall prevent violations of section 4 in the same manner, by the same 
means, and with the same jurisdiction, powers, and duties as though all 
applicable terms and provisions of the FTC Act were incorporated into 
and made a part of this section, except that the rules shall also 
include--
            (1) procedures to minimize the burden of submitting a 
        complaint to the Commission concerning a violation of section 
        4, including procedures to allow the electronic submission of 
        complaints to the Commission;
            (2) civil penalties for violations of section 4 in an 
        amount sufficient to effectively deter future violations, a 
        description of the type of evidence needed to collect such 
        penalties, and procedures to collect such penalties if the 
        Commission determines that a violation of section 4 has 
        occurred;
            (3) procedures for the Commission to grant a reward of not 
        less than 20 percent of the total civil penalty collected to 
        the first person that--
                    (A) identifies the person in violation of section 
                4; and
                    (B) supplies information that leads to the 
                successful collection of a civil penalty by the 
                Commission;
            (4) a provision that enables the Commission to keep the 
        remainder of the civil penalty collected and use the funds 
        toward the prosecution of further claims, including for 
        necessary staff or resources; and
            (5) civil penalties for knowingly submitting a false 
        complaint to the Commission.
    (c) Regulations.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Commission shall conclude the rulemaking 
proceeding initiated under subsection (b) and shall prescribe 
implementing regulations.

SEC. 6. PRIVATE RIGHT OF ACTION.

    (a) Action Authorized.--A recipient of an unsolicited commercial 
electronic mail message, or a provider of Internet access service, 
adversely affected by a violation of section 4 may bring a civil action 
in any district court of the United States with jurisdiction over the 
defendant to--
            (1) enjoin further violation by the defendant; or
            (2) recover damages in an amount equal to--
                    (A) actual monetary loss incurred by the recipient 
                or provider of Internet access service as a result of 
                such violation; or
                    (B) at the discretion of the court, the amount 
                determined under subsection (b).
    (b) Statutory Damages.--
            (1) In general.--For purposes of subsection (a)(2)(B), the 
        amount determined under this subsection is the amount 
        calculated by multiplying the number of willful, knowing, or 
        negligent violations by an amount, in the discretion of the 
        court, of up to $10.
            (2) Per-violation penalty.--In determining the per-
        violation penalty under this subsection, the court shall take 
        into account the degree of culpability, any history of prior 
        such conduct, ability to pay, the extent of economic gain 
        resulting from the violation, and such other matters as justice 
        may require.
    (c) Attorney Fees.--In any action brought pursuant to subsection 
(a), the court may, in its discretion, require an undertaking for the 
payment of the costs of such action, and assess reasonable costs, 
including reasonable attorneys' fees, against any party.

SEC. 7. INTERNET ACCESS SERVICE PROVIDERS.

    Nothing in this Act shall be construed--
            (1) to enlarge or diminish the application of chapter 121 
        of title 18, relating to when a provider of Internet access 
        service may disclose customer communications or records;
            (2) to require a provider of Internet access service to 
        block, transmit, route, relay, handle, or store certain types 
        of electronic mail messages;
            (3) to prevent or limit, in any way, a provider of Internet 
        access service from adopting a policy regarding commercial 
        electronic mail messages, including a policy of declining to 
        transmit certain types of commercial electronic mail messages, 
        or from enforcing such policy through technical means, through 
        contract, or pursuant to any other provision of Federal, State, 
        or local criminal or civil law; or
            (4) to render lawful any such policy that is unlawful under 
        any other provision of law.

SEC. 8. EFFECT ON OTHER LAWS.

    Nothing in this Act shall be construed to impair the enforcement of 
section 223 or 231 of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 223 or 
231), chapter 71 (relating to obscenity) or 110 (relating to sexual 
exploitation of children) of title 18, United States Code, or any other 
Federal criminal statute.

SEC. 9. FTC STUDY.

     Not later than 24 months after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Commission, in consultation with appropriate agencies, shall submit 
a report to Congress that provides a detailed analysis of the 
effectiveness and enforcement of the provisions of this Act and the 
need, if any, for Congress to modify such provisions.

SEC. 10. STUDY OF POSSIBLE INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENT.

    Not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the President shall--
            (1) conduct a study in consultation with the Internet 
        Engineering Task Force on the possibility of an international 
        agreement to reduce spam; and
            (2) issue a report to Congress setting forth the findings 
        of the study required by paragraph (1).

SEC. 11. EFFECTIVE DATE.

    The provisions of this Act shall take effect 180 days after the 
date of enactment of this Act, except that subsections (b) and (c) of 
section 5 shall take effect upon the date of enactment of this Act.
Restrict and Eliminate the Delivery of Unsolicited Commercial Electronic Mail or Spam Act of 2003 or REDUCE Spam Act of 2003 - Amends the Federal criminal code to prohibit the initiation of a transmission of any unsolicited commercial electronic mail (spam) message with the knowledge that such message contains or is accompanied by false or misleading header (identifying) information.Prohibits any person from initiating the transmission of a spam message to an electronic mail (e-mail) address within the United States unless the subject line includes legally compliant identifying information or "ADV" as its first characters for commercial advertisements or "ADV: ADLT" for adult advertisements. Requires a sender to establish a valid sender operated return e-mail address where the recipient may notify the sender not to send further spam. Prohibits: (1) sending spam after notification of the recipient's objection; or (2) including false or misleading header information or deceptive subject headings as part of spam transmissions. Provides: (1) affirmative defenses; and (2) enforcement through the Federal Trade Commission (FTC).Permits a spam recipient or a provider of Internet access service adversely affected by a violation of this Act to bring a civil action. Requires the FTC to submit to Congress a detailed analysis of the effectiveness and enforcement of provisions of this Act and the need, if any, for modifications. Directs the President to study and report to Congress on the possibility of an international agreement to reduce spam.
A bill to reduce unsolicited commercial electronic mail and to protect children from sexually oriented advertisements.