SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Opioid and Heroin Abuse Crisis 
Investment Act of 2016''.

SEC. 2. FUNDING FOR OPIOID AND HEROIN ABUSE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT.

    (a) Funding.--There are authorized to be appropriated, and are 
appropriated, out of monies in the Treasury not otherwise obligated, 
$1,164,600,000 for the period of fiscal years 2017 and 2018, to improve 
opioid prescribing practices and expand access to substance use 
treatment and to reduce opioid use disorders and overdose, to be made 
available in accordance with this Act and the amendments made by this 
Act.
    (b) State Targeted Response Cooperative Agreements.--Subpart 1 of 
part B of title V of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 290bb et 
seq.) is amended by inserting after section 509 the following:

``SEC. 510. STATE TARGETED RESPONSE COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS.

    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall enter into additional 
targeted response cooperative agreements with States under this title 
to expand opioid treatment capacity and make services more affordable 
to those who cannot afford such services.
    ``(b) Awarding of Funding.--The Secretary shall allocate funding to 
States under this section based on--
            ``(1) the severity of the opioid epidemic in the State; and
            ``(2) the strength of the strategy of the State to respond 
        to such epidemic.
    ``(c) Use of Funds.--Amounts received by a State under this section 
shall be used to expand treatment capacity and make services more 
affordable to those who cannot afford such services and to help 
individuals seek treatment, successfully complete treatment, and 
sustain recovery.
    ``(d) Funding.--From amounts appropriated under section 2(a) of the 
Opioid and Heroin Abuse Crisis Investment Act, $465,000,000 is 
available to carry out this section for each of fiscal years 2017 and 
2018.''.
    (c) Treatment for Prescription Drug Abuse and Heroin Use.--Section 
331(b) of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 254d(b)) is amended 
by adding at the end the following:
    ``(3)(A) The Secretary shall use amounts made available under 
subparagraph (B) to support enhanced loan repayment awards to increase 
the number of clinicians in the Corps with medication-assisted 
treatment training to treat individuals with opioid use disorders 
through loan repayments to clinicians.
    ``(B) From amounts appropriated under section 2(a) of the Opioid 
and Heroin Abuse Crisis Investment Act, $25,000,000 is available to 
carry out this paragraph for each of fiscal years 2017 and 2018.''.
    (d) Evaluation of Medication-Assisted Treatment.--Subpart 1 of part 
B of title V of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 290bb et seq.) 
is amended by inserting after section 510, as added by subsection (b), 
the following:

``SEC. 511. EVALUATION OF MEDICATION-ASSISTED TREATMENT.

    ``(a) In General.--In order to assess the treatment outcomes of 
patients with opioid addiction receiving medication-assisted treatment, 
the Secretary shall evaluate the short-, medium-, and long-term 
outcomes of such substance abuse treatment programs in order to 
increase effectiveness in reducing opioid use disorders, overdose, and 
death.
    ``(b) Funding.--From amounts appropriated under section 2(a) of the 
Opioid and Heroin Abuse Crisis Investment Act, $15,000,000 is available 
to carry out this section for each of fiscal years 2017 and 2018.''.
    (e) Medication-Assisted Treatment for Prescription Drug and Opioid 
Addiction.--Section 509 of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 
290bb-2) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsection (f) as subsection (g); and
            (2) by inserting after subsection (e), the following:
    ``(f) Medication-Assisted Treatment for Prescription Drug and 
Opioid Addiction.--
            ``(1) In general.--In carrying out this section, the 
        Secretary shall use amounts made available under paragraph (3) 
        to award grants to States to expand or enhance medication-
        assisted treatment utilizing medications approved by the Food 
        and Drug Administration in combination with psychosocial 
        services, recovery support services, and coordination with HIV 
        or hepatitis C direct services.
            ``(2) Funding.--From amounts appropriated under section 
        2(a) of the Opioid and Heroin Abuse Crisis Investment Act, 
        $50,100,000 is available to carry out this subsection for 
        fiscal year 2017.''.
    (f) Dissemination of Guidelines for Preventing Prescription Drug 
Overdose.--Section 317 of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 
247b) is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(n) Dissemination of Guidelines for Preventing Prescription Drug 
Overdose.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Director of the Centers for Disease 
        Control and Prevention shall disseminate guidelines to improve 
        opioid prescribing practices to reduce opioid use disorders and 
        overdose.
            ``(2) Use of funds.--In carrying out this subsection, the 
        Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 
        shall use amounts made available under paragraph (3) to--
                    ``(A) pilot test, evaluate, and adapt comprehensive 
                tools and dissemination strategies to convey opioid 
                prescribing guidelines of the Centers for Disease 
                Control and Prevention in succinct, usable formats 
                accessible to health care providers;
                    ``(B) develop, evaluate, and publicly disseminate 
                clinical decision support tools derived from the opioid 
                prescribing guidelines of the Centers for Disease 
                Control and Prevention;
                    ``(C) establish training modules in partnership 
                with professional societies and health systems, 
                including online modules available for continuing 
                medical education credits and maintenance of 
                certification; and
                    ``(D) coordinate with Office of the National 
                Coordinator for Health Information Technology to ensure 
                that guidelines developed under this subsection are 
                effectively disseminated and translated into clinical 
                support tools for integration into clinical workflow.
            ``(3) Funding.--From amounts appropriated under section 
        2(a) of the Opioid and Heroin Abuse Crisis Investment Act, 
        $10,000,000 is available to carry out this subsection for 
        fiscal year 2017.''.
    (g) Rural Opioid Overdose Reversal Grant Program.--Section 330A of 
the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 254c) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsection (j) as subsection (k); and
            (2) by inserting after subsection (i), the following:
    ``(j) Rural Opioid Overdose Reversal Grant Program.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Director may award grants to 
        eligible entities to implement activities for the prevention, 
        intervention, and treatment of opioid misuse and overdose.
            ``(2) Eligibility.--To be eligible to receive a grant under 
        this subsection, an entity--
                    ``(A) shall be a rural public or rural nonprofit 
                private entity; and
                    ``(B) shall represent a network composed of 
                participants--
                            ``(i) that include 3 or more health care 
                        providers; and
                            ``(ii) that may be nonprofit or for-profit 
                        entities.
            ``(3) Use of funds.--Amounts awarded under a grant under 
        this subsection shall be used--
                    ``(A) to provide opioid misuse education and 
                prevention services;
                    ``(B) to provide training to licensed health care 
                professionals and first responders in the recognition 
                of the signs of opioid overdose and learn the 
                appropriate way to administer naloxone;
                    ``(C) to provide appropriate transportation 
                services to a hospital or clinic for continued care 
                after administration;
                    ``(D) to refer those individuals with a drug 
                dependency to an appropriate substance use disorder 
                treatment centers where care coordination is provided 
                by a team of providers; and
                    ``(E) to purchase naloxone and opioid overdose 
                reversal devices.
            ``(4) Funding.--From amounts appropriated under section 
        2(a) of the Opioid and Heroin Abuse Crisis Investment Act, 
        $10,000,000 is available to carry out this subsection for 
        fiscal year 2017.''.
    (h) Prescription Drug Overdose Initiative.--Section 3001(c) of the 
Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 300jj-11(c)) is amended by adding 
at the end the following:
            ``(9) Prescription drug overdose initiative.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary, acting through 
                the National Coordinator, shall use amounts made 
                available under subparagraph (B) to expand efforts to 
                harmonize technical standards to support prescription 
                drug monitoring programs and health information 
                technology interoperability.
                    ``(B) Funding.--From amounts appropriated under 
                section 2(a) of the Opioid and Heroin Abuse Crisis 
                Investment Act, $5,000,000 is available to carry out 
                this paragraph for fiscal year 2017.''.
    (i) Bureau of Prisons Treatment Programs.--Section 4042 of title 
18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(e) Treatment Programs.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Director of the Bureau of Prisons 
        shall use amounts made available under paragraph (2) to support 
        drug treatment programs within the Bureau of Prisons, including 
        expanding the medication-assisted treatment pilot.
            ``(2) Funding.--From amounts appropriated under section 
        2(a) of the Opioid and Heroin Abuse Crisis Investment Act, 
        $3,000,000 is available to carry out this subsection for fiscal 
        year 2017.''.
    (j) Second Chance Act of 2007.--Section 201 of the Second Chance 
Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 17521) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsection (f) as subsection (g); and
            (2) by inserting after subsection (e), the following:
    ``(f) Community Reintegration.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Attorney General shall use amounts 
        made available under paragraph (2) to carry out activities to 
        reduce recidivism and increase public safety by helping 
        justice-involved individuals successfully reintegrate into the 
        community, including by carrying out activities including 
        providing treatment for co-occurring disorders and providing 
        family-based substance abuse treatment.
            ``(2) Funding.--From amounts appropriated under section 
        2(a) of the Opioid and Heroin Abuse Crisis Investment Act, 
        $50,000,000 is available to carry out this subsection for 
        fiscal year 2017.''.
    (k) Residential Substance Abuse Treatment.--Section 503 of the 
Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 873) is amended by adding at the 
end the following:
    ``(e)(1) In carrying out this section, the Attorney General may use 
amounts made available under paragraph (2) to provide support for 
State, local, and tribal governments in the development of residential 
and aftercare services for substance-involved inmates.
    ``(2) From amounts appropriated under section 2(a) of the Opioid 
and Heroin Abuse Crisis Investment Act, $14,000,000 is available to 
carry out this section for fiscal year 2017.''.
    (l) Heroin Enforcement Groups.--Part E of the Controlled Substances 
Act (21 U.S.C. 871 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:

``SEC. 521. HEROIN ENFORCEMENT GROUPS.

    ``(a) In General.--The Attorney General shall use amounts made 
available under subsection (b) to establish new heroin enforcement 
groups within the Drug Enforcement Administration to target, disrupt, 
and dismantle heroin trafficking organizations.
    ``(b) Funding.--From amounts appropriated under section 2(a) of the 
Opioid and Heroin Abuse Crisis Investment Act, $12,500,000 is available 
to carry out this section for fiscal year 2017.''.
    (m) Emergency Designation.--The amounts made available by this Act 
are designated as an emergency requirement pursuant to section 4(g) of 
the Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Act of 2010 (2 U.S.C. 933(g)).
Opioid and Heroin Abuse Crisis Investment Act of 2016 This bill appropriates funding for the activities in the bill. This bill amends the Public Health Service Act to require the Department of Health and Human Services to enter into cooperative agreements with states to expand opioid treatment capacity, make services more affordable to those who cannot afford them, and help individuals seek treatment, successfully complete treatment, and sustain recovery. (Opioids are drugs with effects similar to opium, such as heroin and certain pain medications.) Funding must be allocated to states based on the severity of the opioid epidemic in the state and the strength of the state's strategy to respond. The Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology must expand efforts to support prescription drug monitoring programs and health information technology interoperability. The Bureau of Prisons must support drug treatment programs. The bill amends the Second Chance Act to require the Department of Justice (DOJ) to help justice-involved individuals successfully reintegrate into the community. The bill amends the Controlled Substances Act to permit DOJ to support the development of residential and aftercare services for substance-involved inmates. DOJ must establish new heroin enforcement groups within the Drug Enforcement Administration to target, disrupt, and dismantle heroin trafficking organizations.
Opioid and Heroin Abuse Crisis Investment Act of 2016