SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Gulf of Mexico Restoration and 
Protection Act''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS AND PURPOSES.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds that--
            (1) the Gulf of Mexico is a valuable resource of national 
        and international importance, continuously serving the people 
        of the United States and other countries as an important source 
        of food, economic productivity, recreation, beauty, and 
        enjoyment;
            (2) over many years, the resource productivity and water 
        quality of the Gulf of Mexico and its watershed have been 
        diminished by point and nonpoint source pollution resulting 
        largely from the impacts of agricultural runoff, increasing 
        population growth and development in the Gulf of Mexico 
        watershed, and other factors;
            (3) the United States should seek to attain the protection 
        and restoration of the Gulf of Mexico ecosystem as a 
        collaborative regional goal of the Gulf of Mexico Program; and
            (4) the Administrator of the Environmental Protection 
        Agency, in consultation with other Federal agencies and State 
        and local authorities, should coordinate the effort to meet 
        those goals.
    (b) Purposes.--The purposes of this Act are--
            (1) to expand and strengthen cooperative efforts to restore 
        and protect the Gulf of Mexico;
            (2) to expand Federal support for monitoring, management, 
        and restoration activities in the Gulf of Mexico and its 
        watershed;
            (3) to commit the United States to a comprehensive 
        cooperative program to achieve improved water quality in, and 
        improvements in the productivity of living resources of, the 
        Gulf of Mexico; and
            (4) to establish a Gulf of Mexico Program to serve as a 
        national and international model for the collaborative 
        management of large marine ecosystems.

SEC. 3. GULF OF MEXICO RESTORATION AND PROTECTION.

    Title I of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1251 
et seq.) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating the second section 121 (33 U.S.C. 
        1274) (relating to wet weather watershed pilot projects) as 
        section 122; and
            (2) by inserting after section 122 (as designated by 
        paragraph (1)) the following:

``SEC. 123. GULF OF MEXICO RESTORATION AND PROTECTION.

    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section;
            ``(1) Gulf of mexico ecosystem.--The term `Gulf of Mexico 
        ecosystem' means the ecosystem of the Gulf of Mexico and its 
        watershed.
            ``(2) Gulf of mexico executive council.--The term `Gulf of 
        Mexico Executive Council' means the formal collaborative 
        Federal, State, local, and private participants in the Program.
            ``(3) Program.--The term `Program' means the Gulf of Mexico 
        Program established by the Administrator in 1988 as a 
        nonregulatory, inclusive partnership to provide a broad 
        geographic focus on the primary environmental issues affecting 
        the Gulf of Mexico.
            ``(4) Program office.--The term `Program Office' means the 
        office established by the Administrator to administer the 
        Program that is reestablished by subsection (b)(1)(A).
    ``(b) Continuation of Gulf of Mexico Program.--
            ``(1) Gulf of mexico program office.--
                    ``(A) Reestablishment.--The Program Office 
                established before the date of enactment of this 
                section by the Administrator is reestablished as an 
                office of the Environmental Protection Agency.
                    ``(B) Requirements.--The Program Office shall be--
                            ``(i) headed by a Director who, by reason 
                        of management experience and technical 
                        expertise relating to the Gulf of Mexico, is 
                        highly qualified to direct the development of 
                        plans and programs on a variety of Gulf of 
                        Mexico issues, as determined by the 
                        Administrator; and
                            ``(ii) located in a State all or a portion 
                        of the coastline of which is on the Gulf of 
                        Mexico.
                    ``(C) Functions.--The Program Office shall--
                            ``(i) coordinate the actions of the 
                        Environmental Protection Agency with the 
                        actions of the appropriate officials of other 
                        Federal agencies and State and local 
                        authorities in developing strategies--
                                    ``(I) to improve the water quality 
                                and living resources in the Gulf of 
                                Mexico ecosystem; and
                                    ``(II) to obtain the support of 
                                appropriate officials;
                            ``(ii) in cooperation with appropriate 
                        Federal, State, and local authorities, assist 
                        in developing and implementing specific action 
                        plans to carry out the Program;
                            ``(iii) coordinate and implement priority 
                        State-led and community-led restoration plans 
                        and projects and facilitate science, research, 
                        modeling, monitoring, data collection, and 
                        other activities that support the Program;
                            ``(iv) implement outreach programs for 
                        public information, education, and 
                        participation to foster stewardship of the 
                        resources of the Gulf of Mexico;
                            ``(v) develop and make available, through 
                        publications, technical assistance, and other 
                        appropriate means, information pertaining to 
                        the environmental quality and living resources 
                        of the Gulf of Mexico ecosystem; and
                            ``(vi) serve as the liaison with, and 
                        provide information to, the Mexican members of 
                        the Gulf of Mexico States Accord and Mexican 
                        counterparts of the Environmental Protection 
                        Agency.
    ``(c) Interagency Agreements.--The Administrator may enter into 1 
or more interagency agreements with other Federal agencies to carry out 
this section.
    ``(d) Grants.--
            ``(1) In general.--In accordance with the Program, the 
        Administrator may provide grants to nonprofit organizations, 
        State and local governments, colleges, universities, interstate 
        agencies, and individuals to carry out this section for use 
        in--
                    ``(A) monitoring the water quality and living 
                resources of the Gulf of Mexico ecosystem;
                    ``(B) researching the effects of natural and human-
                induced environmental changes on the water quality and 
                living resources of the Gulf of Mexico ecosystem;
                    ``(C) developing and executing cooperative 
                strategies that address the water quality and living 
                resource needs in the Gulf of Mexico ecosystem;
                    ``(D) developing and implementing locally-based 
                protection and restoration programs or projects within 
                a watershed that complement those strategies, including 
                the creation, restoration, protection, or enhancement 
                of habitat associated with the Gulf of Mexico 
                ecosystem; and
                    ``(E) eliminating or reducing point sources that 
                discharge pollutants that contaminate the Gulf of 
                Mexico ecosystem, including activities to eliminate 
                leaking septic systems and construct connections to 
                local sewage systems.
            ``(2) Federal share.--The Federal share of the cost of any 
        project or activity carried out using a grant provided under 
        this section shall not exceed 75 percent, as determined by the 
        Administrator.
            ``(3) Administrative costs.--Administrative costs in the 
        form of salaries, overhead, or indirect costs for services 
        provided and charged against programs or projects carried out 
        using funds made available through a grant under this 
        subsection shall not exceed 15 percent of the amount of the 
        grant.
    ``(e) Reports.--
            ``(1) Annual report.--Not later than December 30, 2006, and 
        annually thereafter, the Director of the Program Office shall 
        submit to the Administrator and make available to the public a 
        report that describes--
                    ``(A) each project and activity funded under this 
                section during the previous fiscal year;
                    ``(B) the goals and objectives of those projects 
                and activities; and
                    ``(C) the net benefits of projects and activities 
                funded under this section during previous fiscal years.
            ``(2) Assessment.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Not later than April 30, 2007, 
                and every 5 years thereafter, the Administrator, in 
                coordination with the Gulf of Mexico Executive Council, 
                shall complete an assessment, and submit to Congress a 
                comprehensive report on the performance, of the 
                Program.
                    ``(B) Requirements.--The assessment and report 
                described in subparagraph (A) shall--
                            ``(i) assess the overall state of the Gulf 
                        of Mexico ecosystem;
                            ``(ii) compare the current state of the 
                        Gulf of Mexico ecosystem with a baseline 
                        assessment;
                            ``(iii) assess the effectiveness of the 
                        Program management strategies being 
                        implemented, and the extent to which the 
                        priority needs of the region are being met 
                        through that implementation; and
                            ``(iv) make recommendations for the 
                        improved management of the Program, including 
                        strengthening strategies being implemented or 
                        adopting improved strategies.
    ``(f) Budget Item.--The Administrator, in the annual submission to 
Congress of the budget of the Environmental Protection Agency, shall 
include a funding line item request for the Program Office as a 
separate budget line item.
    ``(g) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out this section, to remain available until 
expended--
            ``(1) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2006;
            ``(2) $15,000,000 for fiscal year 2007; and
            ``(3) $25,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2008 through 
        2010.''.
Gulf of Mexico Restoration and Protection Act - Amends the Federal Water Pollution Control Act to reestablish the Program Office of the Gulf of Mexico Program as an office of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), to be headed by a Director. Requires the Office to: (1) coordinate the actions of EPA and of other federal agencies and state and local authorities; (2) assist in developing specific action plans to carry out the program; (3) coordinate and implement priority state- and community-led restoration plans and projects and facilitate activities that support the program; (4) implement outreach programs to foster stewardship of the Gulf's resources; (5) develop and make available information about the environmental quality and living resources of the Gulf; and (6) serve as the liaison with the Mexican members of the Gulf of Mexico States Accord and Mexican counterparts of the EPA.

Authorizes the EPA Administrator to enter into interagency agreements to carry out this Act. Authorizes the Administrator to provide grants for use in: (1) monitoring the water quality and living resources of the Gulf ecosystem; (2) researching the effects of environmental changes on such water quality and resources; (3) developing cooperative strategies that address the water quality and needs of Gulf resources; (4) developing locally-based protection and restoration programs or projects within a watershed that complement those strategies; and (5) eliminating or reducing point sources that discharge pollutants that contaminate the Gulf ecosystem.
A bill to amend the Federal Water Pollution Control Act to expand and strengthen cooperative efforts to monitor, restore, and protect the resource productivity, water quality, and marine ecosystems of the Gulf of Mexico.