SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Sowing the Seeds Through Science and 
Engineering Research Act''.

SEC. 2. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR BASIC RESEARCH ACTIVITIES.

    (a) National Science Foundation.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the National Science Foundation for support of basic 
research activities in the physical sciences, mathematics and computer 
sciences, and engineering, $2,114,100,000 for fiscal year 2007, 
$2,325,510,000 for fiscal year 2008, $2,558,060,000 for fiscal year 
2009, $2,813,870,000 for fiscal year 2010, and $3,095,260,000 for 
fiscal year 2011.
    (b) Department of Energy.--There are authorized to be appropriated 
to the Department of Energy's Office of Science for support of basic 
research activities in the physical sciences, mathematics and computer 
sciences, and engineering, $2,205,400,000 for fiscal year 2007, 
$2,425,940,000 for fiscal year 2008, $2,668,530,000 for fiscal year 
2009, $2,935,380,000 for fiscal year 2010, and $3,228,920,000 for 
fiscal year 2011.
    (c) National Aeronautics and Space Administration.--There are 
authorized to be appropriated to the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration for support of basic research activities in the physical 
sciences, mathematics and computer sciences, and engineering, 
$1,669,700,000 for fiscal year 2007, $1,836,670,000 for fiscal year 
2008, $2,020,340,000 for fiscal year 2009, $2,222,370,000 for fiscal 
year 2010, and $2,444,610,000 for fiscal year 2011.
    (d) National Institute of Standards and Technology.--There are 
authorized to be appropriated to the National Institute of Standards 
and Technology for support of basic research activities in the physical 
sciences, mathematics and computer sciences, and engineering, 
$86,240,000 for fiscal year 2007, $94,860,000 for fiscal year 2008, 
$104,350,000 for fiscal year 2009, $114,780,000 for fiscal year 2010, 
and $126,260,000 for fiscal year 2011.
    (e) Department of Defense.--There are authorized to be appropriated 
to the Department of Defense for support of basic research activities 
under budget category 6.1, $1,784,750,000 for fiscal year 2007, 
$1,963,220,000 for fiscal year 2008, $2,159,540,000 for fiscal year 
2009, $2,375,490,000 for fiscal year 2010, and $2,613,000,000 for 
fiscal year 2011.
    (f) High-Risk Research.--Of the amounts authorized to be 
appropriated in each of subsections (a) through (e), not less than 8 
percent shall be available for high-risk, potentially high-payoff 
research as determined by technical program managers at the respective 
agencies.

SEC. 3. EARLY CAREER SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEER AWARDS.

     In addition to amounts currently available for support of the 
Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers program, 
the following amounts are authorized to be appropriated for the 
designated agencies:
            (1) For the National Science Foundation, $8,200,000 for 
        fiscal year 2007, $16,400,000 for fiscal year 2008, $24,600,000 
        for fiscal year 2009, $32,800,000 for fiscal year 2010, and 
        $41,000,000 for fiscal year 2011.
            (2) For the National Institutes of Health, $4,800,000 for 
        fiscal year 2007, $9,600,000 for fiscal year 2008, $14,400,000 
        for fiscal year 2009, $19,200,000 for fiscal year 2010, and 
        $24,000,000 for fiscal year 2011.
            (3) For the Department of Energy, $3,600,000 for fiscal 
        year 2007, $7,200,000 for fiscal year 2008, $10,800,000 for 
        fiscal year 2009, $14,400,000 for fiscal year 2010, and 
        $18,000,000 for fiscal year 2011.
            (4) For the Department of Defense, $2,400,000 for fiscal 
        year 2007, $4,800,000 for fiscal year 2008, $7,200,000 for 
        fiscal year 2009, $9,600,000 for fiscal year 2010, and 
        $12,000,000 for fiscal year 2011.
            (5) For the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 
        $1,000,000 for fiscal year 2007, $2,000,000 for fiscal year 
        2008, $3,000,000 for fiscal year 2009, $4,000,000 for fiscal 
        year 2010, and $5,000,000 for fiscal year 2011.

SEC. 4. GRADUATE SCHOLAR AWARDS IN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, OR 
              MATHEMATICS (GSA-STEM).

    (a) In General.--The National Science Foundation shall institute a 
program, to be known as the Graduate Scholar Awards in Science, 
Technology, Engineering, or Mathematics program, or the GSA-STEM 
program, to award graduate fellowships in science, technology, 
engineering, or mathematics to individuals following the criteria and 
procedures of the Foundation's Graduate Research Fellowship program, 
except as provided in subsection (b).
    (b) Special Requirements.--
            (1) Fellowship amount.--Fellowships awarded under the GSA-
        STEM program shall provide an annual stipend of $30,000 to the 
        recipient and $15,000, in lieu of tuition, to the institution 
        of higher education at which the recipient is enrolled.
            (2) Advisory board.--(A) The Director of the National 
        Science Foundation shall establish a board of advisors for the 
        program. The board shall identify areas of national need for 
        which shortages of scientific and engineering personnel with 
        advanced academic degrees are anticipated.
            (B) The members of the advisory board established under 
        subparagraph (A) shall be selected from among the principal 
        Federal agencies that support research and development 
        activities in science, technology, engineering, and 
        mathematics.
            (3) Selection criteria.--The criteria for fellowship awards 
        used in the Foundation's Graduate Research Fellowship program 
        shall be applied to the GSA-STEM program. An additional 
        criterion for awards under the GSA-STEM program shall be 
        whether an applicant proposes to pursue an advanced degree in 
        an area of national need, identified by the advisory board 
        under paragraph (2)(A).
    (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the National Science Foundation for the purposes of 
this section, $225,000,000 for fiscal year 2007, $450,000,000 for 
fiscal year 2008, and $675,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 
through 2011.

SEC. 5. PRESIDENTIAL INNOVATION AWARD.

    (a) Establishment.--There is hereby established a Presidential 
Innovation Award, signified by a medal which shall be of such design 
and materials and bear such inscriptions as the President, on the basis 
of recommendations submitted by the Director of the Office of Science 
and Technology Policy, may prescribe.
    (b) Award.--The President shall periodically award the medal, on 
the basis of recommendations received from the Director of the Office 
of Science and Technology Policy or on the basis of such other 
information as the President considers appropriate, to individuals who 
develop one or more unique scientific or engineering ideas in the 
national interest at the time the innovation occurs.
    (c) Purpose.--The awards under this section shall be made to--
            (1) stimulate scientific and engineering advances in the 
        national interest;
            (2) illustrate the linkage between science and engineering 
        and national needs; and
            (3) provide an example to students of the contribution they 
        could make to society by entering the science and engineering 
        profession.
    (d) Citizenship.--An individual may not be awarded a medal under 
this section unless at the time such award is made the individual--
            (1) is a citizen or other national of the United States; or
            (2) is an alien lawfully admitted to the United States for 
        permanent residence who--
                    (A) has filed an application for petition for 
                naturalization in the manner prescribed by section 334 
                of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1445); 
                and
                    (B) is not permanently ineligible to become a 
                citizen of the United States.
    (e) Presentation.--The presentation of the award shall be made by 
the President with such ceremonies as he may deem proper, including 
attendance by appropriate Members of Congress.

SEC. 6. NATIONAL COORDINATION OFFICE FOR RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE.

    (a) In General.--The Office of Science and Technology Policy shall 
establish a National Coordination Office for Research Infrastructure, 
which shall identify and prioritize deficiencies in research facilities 
and instrumentation in academic institutions and in national 
laboratories and shall make recommendations for the allocation of 
resources provided under subsection (e).
    (b) Staffing.--The Director of the Office of Science and Technology 
Policy shall appoint individuals to serve in the office established 
under subsection (a) from among the principal Federal agencies that 
support research in the sciences, mathematics, and engineering, and 
shall at a minimum include individuals from the National Science 
Foundation and the Department of Energy.
    (c) Use of Funds.--The amounts authorized by subsection (e) shall 
be available on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis for construction 
and maintenance of research facilities at institutions of higher 
education or national laboratories, including instrumentation, 
computing and networking equipment, and other physical resources 
necessary for performing leading-edge research.
    (d) Report.--The Director of the Office of Science and Technology 
Policy shall provide annually a report to Congress at the time of the 
President's budget proposal describing the research infrastructure 
needs identified in accordance with subsection (a) and a list of 
infrastructure projects proposed for funding using the resources 
authorized by subsection (e).
    (e) Authorization of Appropriations.--
            (1) National science foundation.--There are authorized to 
        be appropriated to the National Science Foundation for the 
        purposes of this section, $333,000,000 for each of fiscal years 
        2007 through 2011.
            (2) Department of energy.--There are authorized to be 
        appropriated to the Department of Energy for the purposes of 
        this section, $167,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2007 
        through 2011.
Sowing the Seeds Through Science and Engineering Research Act - Authorizes appropriations for FY2007-FY2011 to: (1) the National Science Foundation (NSF), Department of Energy (DOE), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for support of basic research activities in the physical sciences, mathematics and computer sciences, and engineering; and (2) the Department of Defense (DOD) for support of basic research activities. Makes at least 8% of such amounts available for high-risk, potentially high-payoff research.

Authorizes appropriations for FY2007-FY2011 to the NSF, National Institutes of Health (NIH), DOE, DOD, and NASA for the support of the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers program.

Directs NSF to institute the Graduate Scholar Awards in Science, Technology, Engineering, or Mathematics program or GSA-STEM program, to award graduate fellowships in science, technology, engineering, or mathematics. Requires the NSF Director to establish an advisory board.

Establishes a Presidential Innovation Award, which the President shall periodically award to individuals who develop one or more unique scientific or engineering ideas in the national interest.

Directs the Office of Science and Technology Policy to establish a National Coordination Office for Research Infrastructure to: (1) identify and prioritize deficiencies in research facilities and instrumentation in academic institutions and national laboratories; and (2) make recommendations for resource allocation. Authorizes appropriations for FY2007-FY2011 to NSF and DOE for construction and maintenance of research facilities at institutions of higher education or national laboratories and other physical resources for performing leading-edge research.
To authorize appropriations for basic research and research infrastructure in science and engineering, and for support of graduate fellowships, and for other purposes.