Department of Veterans Affairs Accountability Act of 2016

Summary: Department of Veterans Affairs Accountability Act of 2016  This bill authorizes the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) to remove or demote a VA employee based on performance or misconduct.   A determination that the performance or misconduct warrants removal or demotion may consist of any of the following:    neglect of duty;   malfeasance;   failure to accept a directed reassignment or transfer of function;   violation of VA policy;  violation of law;   insubordination;  overprescription of medication; or  purposeful omission, including by a supervisor, from an electronic wait list of the name of one or more veterans waiting for VA health care.  The VA may also remove such individual from the civil service or demote the individual through a reduction in grade or annual pay rate.  A demoted individual: (1) shall be paid at the demoted rate as of the date of demotion, (2) may not be placed on administrative leave or any other category of paid leave while an appeal is ongoing, and (3) may only receive pay and other benefits if the individual reports for duty.  The VA shall notify Congress of, and the reason for, any removal or demotion.  An employee shall have the right to an appeal before the Merit Systems Protection Board within seven days of removal or demotion. An administrative law judge shall have to make a final decision within 45 days of such appeal or the original decision becomes final. The Board or an administrative judge may not stay any removal or demotion.  Between the date on which an individual appeals a removal from the civil service and the date on which the administrative judge issues a final decision on the appeal, the individual may not receive any pay, awards, bonuses, incentives, allowances, differentials, student loan repayments, special payments, or benefits.  The VA may not remove or demote an employee without the approval of the Special Counsel if the individual seeks corrective action from the Office of Special Counsel based on an alleged prohibited personnel practice. The Special Counsel may terminate an investigation of a prohibited personnel practice alleged by a VA employee or former employee after it has given the individual a written statement of the reasons for the termination.   The Director of a Veterans Integrated Service Network may contract with an entity specializing in civilian accreditation or health care evaluation to investigate any medical center within the Network to assess deficiencies at such medical center.  The Government Accountability Office shall report to Congress on VA implementation of the Veterans Choice Program.

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Department of Veterans Affairs 
Accountability Act of 2016''.

SEC. 2. REMOVAL OR DEMOTION OF EMPLOYEES BASED ON PERFORMANCE OR 
              MISCONDUCT.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 7 of title 38, United States Code, is 
amended by adding at the end the following new section:
``Sec. 714. Employees: removal or demotion based on performance or 
              misconduct
    ``(a) In General.--(1) The Secretary may remove or demote an 
individual who is an employee of the Department if the Secretary 
determines the performance or misconduct of the individual warrants 
such removal or demotion.
    ``(2) A determination under paragraph (1) that the performance or 
misconduct of an individual warrants removal or demotion may consist of 
a determination of any of the following:
            ``(A) The individual neglected a duty of the position in 
        which the individual was employed.
            ``(B) The individual engaged in malfeasance.
            ``(C) The individual failed to accept a directed 
        reassignment or to accompany a position in a transfer of 
        function.
            ``(D) The individual violated a policy of the Department.
            ``(E) The individual violated a provision of law.
            ``(F) The individual engaged in insubordination.
            ``(G) The individual over prescribed medication.
            ``(H) The individual contributed to the purposeful omission 
        of the name of one or more veterans waiting for health care 
        from an electronic wait list for a medical facility of the 
        Department.
            ``(I) The individual was the supervisor of an employee of 
        the Department, or was a supervisor of the supervisor, at any 
        level, who contributed to a purposeful omission as described in 
        subparagraph (H) and knew, or reasonably should have known, 
        that the employee contributed to such purposeful omission.
            ``(J) Such other performance or misconduct as the Secretary 
        determines warrants the removal or demotion of the individual 
        under paragraph (1).
    ``(3) If the Secretary removes or demotes an individual as 
described in paragraph (1), the Secretary may--
            ``(A) remove the individual from the civil service (as 
        defined in section 2101 of title 5); or
            ``(B) demote the individual by means of--
                    ``(i) a reduction in grade for which the individual 
                is qualified and that the Secretary determines is 
                appropriate; or
                    ``(ii) a reduction in annual rate of pay that the 
                Secretary determines is appropriate.
    ``(4)(A) The Secretary shall delegate authority under paragraph (1) 
to each director of a Veterans Integrated Service Network for the 
removal and demotion of employees of the department in such network.
    ``(B) The Secretary shall ensure that authority delegated under 
subparagraph (A) can be exercised without intervening action by the 
Secretary.
    ``(b) Pay of Certain Demoted Individuals.--(1) Notwithstanding any 
other provision of law, any individual subject to a demotion under 
subsection (a)(3)(B)(i) shall, beginning on the date of such demotion, 
receive the annual rate of pay applicable to such grade.
    ``(2) An individual so demoted may not be placed on administrative 
leave or any other category of paid leave during the period during 
which an appeal (if any) under this section is ongoing, and may only 
receive pay if the individual reports for duty. If an individual so 
demoted does not report for duty, such individual shall not receive pay 
or other benefits pursuant to subsection (e)(5).
    ``(c) Notice to Congress.--Not later than 30 days after removing or 
demoting an individual under subsection (a), the Secretary shall submit 
to the Committees on Veterans' Affairs of the Senate and the House of 
Representatives notice in writing of such removal or demotion and the 
reason for such removal or demotion.
    ``(d) Procedure.--(1) The procedures under section 7513(b) of title 
5 and chapter 43 of such title shall not apply to a removal or demotion 
under this section.
    ``(2)(A) Subject to subparagraph (B) and subsection (e), any 
removal or demotion under subsection (a) may be appealed to the Merit 
Systems Protection Board under section 7701 of title 5.
    ``(B) An appeal under subparagraph (A) of a removal or demotion may 
only be made if such appeal is made not later than seven days after the 
date of such removal or demotion.
    ``(e) Expedited Review by Administrative Law Judge.--(1) Upon 
receipt of an appeal under subsection (d)(2)(A), the Merit Systems 
Protection Board shall refer such appeal to an administrative law judge 
pursuant to section 7701(b)(1) of title 5. The administrative law judge 
shall expedite any such appeal under such section and, in any such 
case, shall issue a decision not later than 45 days after the date of 
the appeal.
    ``(2) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, including section 
7703 of title 5, the decision of an administrative judge under 
paragraph (1) shall be final and shall not be subject to any further 
appeal.
    ``(3) In any case in which the administrative judge cannot issue a 
decision in accordance with the 45-day requirement under paragraph (1), 
the removal or demotion is final. In such a case, the Merit Systems 
Protection Board shall, within 14 days after the date that such removal 
or demotion is final, submit to Congress and the Committees on 
Veterans' Affairs of the Senate and the House of Representatives a 
report that explains the reasons why a decision was not issued in 
accordance with such requirement.
    ``(4) The Merit Systems Protection Board or administrative judge 
may not stay any removal or demotion under this section.
    ``(5) During the period beginning on the date on which an 
individual appeals a removal from the civil service under subsection 
(d) and ending on the date that the administrative judge issues a final 
decision on such appeal, such individual may not receive any pay, 
awards, bonuses, incentives, allowances, differentials, student loan 
repayments, special payments, or benefits.
    ``(6) To the maximum extent practicable, the Secretary shall 
provide to the Merit Systems Protection Board, and to any 
administrative law judge to whom an appeal under this section is 
referred, such information and assistance as may be necessary to ensure 
an appeal under this subsection is expedited.
    ``(f) Whistleblower Protection.--(1) In the case of an individual 
seeking corrective action (or on behalf of whom corrective action is 
sought) from the Office of Special Counsel based on an alleged 
prohibited personnel practice described in section 2302(b) of title 5, 
the Secretary may not remove or demote such individual under subsection 
(a) without the approval of the Special Counsel under section 1214(f) 
of title 5.
    ``(2) The Office of Special Counsel shall establish--
            ``(A) a mechanism to expedite cases for corrective action 
        under paragraph (1); and
            ``(B) a standard for the approval under paragraph (1) of 
        removal or demotion under subsection (a), which may include a 
        determination as to whether the removal or demotion is a 
        prohibited personnel action.
    ``(3)(A) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Special 
Counsel may terminate an investigation of a prohibited personnel 
practice alleged by an individual in connection with a removal or 
demotion of the individual under subsection (a) only after the Special 
Counsel provides to the individual a written statement of the reasons 
for the termination of the investigation.
    ``(B) The written statement provided to the individual under 
subparagraph (A) may not be admissible as evidence in any judicial or 
administrative proceeding without the consent of such individual.
    ``(g) Relation to Other Provisions of Law.--(1) The authority 
provided by this section is in addition to the authority provided by 
subchapter V of chapter 75 of title 5 and chapter 43 of such title.
    ``(2) Subchapter V of chapter 74 of this title shall not apply to 
any action under this section.
    ``(h) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) The term `individual' means an individual occupying a 
        position at the Department of Veterans Affairs but does not 
        include--
                    ``(A) an individual, as that term is defined in 
                section 713(g)(1); or
                    ``(B) a political appointee.
            ``(2) The term `grade' has the meaning given such term in 
        section 7511(a) of title 5.
            ``(3) The term `misconduct' includes neglect of duty, 
        malfeasance, or failure to accept a directed reassignment or to 
        accompany a position in a transfer of function.
            ``(4) The term `political appointee' means an individual 
        who is--
                    ``(A) employed in a position described under 
                sections 5312 through 5316 of title 5, (relating to the 
                Executive Schedule);
                    ``(B) a limited term appointee, limited emergency 
                appointee, or noncareer appointee in the Senior 
                Executive Service, as defined under paragraphs (5), 
                (6), and (7), respectively, of section 3132(a) of title 
                5; or
                    ``(C) employed in a position of a confidential or 
                policy-determining character under schedule C of 
                subpart C of part 213 of title 5 of the Code of Federal 
                Regulations.''.
    (b) Clerical and Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Clerical.--The table of sections at the beginning of 
        such chapter is amended by adding at the end the following new 
        item:

``714. Employees: removal or demotion based on performance or 
                            misconduct''.
            (2) Conforming.--Section 4303(f) of title 5, United States 
        Code, is amended--
                    (A) by striking ``or'' at the end of paragraph (2);
                    (B) by striking the period at the end of paragraph 
                (3) and inserting ``, or''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) any removal or demotion under section 714 of title 
        38.''.

SEC. 3. AUTHORITY TO INVESTIGATE MEDICAL CENTERS.

    (a) The Director of a Veterans Integrated Service Network of the 
Department may contract with an appropriate entity specializing in 
civilian accreditation or health care evaluation to investigate any 
medical center within such Network to assess and report deficiencies of 
the facilities at such medical center.

SEC. 4. COMPTROLLER GENERAL REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION AND EXECUTION 
              OF THE VETERANS CHOICE PROGRAM.

    (a) Report.--Not later than March 1, 2017, the Comptroller General 
of the United States shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
Congress a report on the implementation and execution by the Department 
of Veterans Affairs of the Veterans Choice Program.
    (b) Elements.--The report required by subsection (a) shall include 
an assessment of the following:
            (1) The number of veterans enrolled in and receiving care 
        through the Veterans Choice Program as of the date of submittal 
        of the report, disaggregated by--
                    (A) State;
                    (B) Veterans Integrated Service Network of the 
                Department;
                    (C) medical center of the Department; and
                    (D) clinic of the Department.
            (2) The ability of veterans to fully access the Veterans 
        Choice Program so that they do not have to travel more than 40 
        miles to receive care at a medical facility of the Department.
            (3) The instances in which veterans have to travel more 
        than 40 miles to receive care.
            (4) The instances in which veterans have been denied care 
        through the Veterans Choice Program and an analysis of any 
        systematic policies, including at the national, regional, or 
        local level, that have led to such denials of care.
            (5) The impact of the Veterans Choice Program on reducing 
        wait times for the receipt of care from the Department.
            (6) The effectiveness of the rules, regulations, and 
        procedures used by the Department to carry out the Veterans 
        Choice Program.
            (7) The difference in implementation of the Veterans Choice 
        Program--
                    (A) in each State;
                    (B) at each Veterans Integrated Service Network of 
                the Department;
                    (C) at each medical center of the Department; and
                    (D) at each clinic of the Department.
            (8) The processing of claims for reimbursement for services 
        provided under the Veterans Choice Program, disaggregated by--
                    (A) State;
                    (B) Veterans Integrated Service Network of the 
                Department;
                    (C) medical center of the Department; and
                    (D) clinic of the Department.
            (9) The satisfaction of veterans with the Veterans Choice 
        Program, disaggregated by--
                    (A) State;
                    (B) Veterans Integrated Service Network of the 
                Department;
                    (C) medical center of the Department; and
                    (D) clinic of the Department.
    (c) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Appropriate committees of congress.--The term 
        ``appropriate committees of Congress'' means--
                    (A) the Committee on Veterans' Affairs, the 
                Committee on Armed Services, and the Committee on 
                Appropriations of the Senate; and
                    (B) the Committee on Veterans' Affairs, the 
                Committee on Armed Services, and the Committee on 
                Appropriations of the House of Representatives.
            (2) Veterans choice program.--The term ``Veterans Choice 
        Program'' means hospital care and medical services furnished 
        under section 101 of the Veterans Access, Choice, and 
        Accountability Act of 2014 (Public Law 113-146; 38 U.S.C. 1701 
        note).