Anti-Spoofing Act of 2016

Summary: Anti-Spoofing Act of 2016 (Sec. 2) This bill amends the Communications Act of 1934 to expand the prohibition against knowingly transmitting misleading or inaccurate caller identification information to apply to: (1) persons outside the United States if the recipient is within the United States, and (2) text messages.  Existing caller identification requirements that apply to calls made using a telecommunications service or IP-enabled voice service are revised to apply to: (1) services interconnected with the public switched telephone network and that furnish voice communications using resources from the North American Numbering Plan; and (2) transmissions from a telephone facsimile machine, computer, or other device to a telephone facsimile machine.  The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) must coordinate with the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to regularly update education materials that help consumers identify: (1) scams and fraudulent activity that rely upon misleading or inaccurate caller identification information, and (2) existing technologies that consumers can use to protect against such fraud.  The Government Accountability Office must report on: (1) actions taken, or actions that could be taken, by the FCC or the FTC to combat the fraudulent provision of misleading or inaccurate caller identification information; and (2) any recommendations to combat the fraudulent provision of such information. 

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Anti-Spoofing Act of 2016''.

SEC. 2. SPOOFING PREVENTION.

    (a) Expanding and Clarifying Prohibition on Misleading or 
Inaccurate Caller Identification Information.--
            (1) Communications from outside the united states.--Section 
        227(e)(1) of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 
        227(e)(1)) is amended by striking ``in connection with any 
        telecommunications service or IP-enabled voice service'' and 
        inserting ``or any person outside the United States if the 
        recipient is within the United States, in connection with any 
        voice service or text messaging service''.
            (2) Coverage of text messages and voice services.--Section 
        227(e)(8) of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 
        227(e)(8)) is amended--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking 
                ``telecommunications service or IP-enabled voice 
                service'' and inserting ``voice service or a text 
                message sent using a text messaging service'';
                    (B) in the first sentence of subparagraph (B), by 
                striking ``telecommunications service or IP-enabled 
                voice service'' and inserting ``voice service or a text 
                message sent using a text messaging service''; and
                    (C) by striking subparagraph (C) and inserting the 
                following:
                    ``(C) Text message.--The term `text message'--
                            ``(i) means a message consisting of text, 
                        images, sounds, or other information that is 
                        transmitted to or from a device that is 
                        identified as the receiving or transmitting 
                        device by means of a 10-digit telephone number 
                        or N11 service code;
                            ``(ii) includes a short message service 
                        (commonly referred to as `SMS') message and a 
                        multimedia message service (commonly referred 
                        to as `MMS') message; and
                            ``(iii) does not include--
                                    ``(I) a real-time, two-way voice or 
                                video communication; or
                                    ``(II) a message sent over an IP-
                                enabled messaging service to another 
                                user of the same messaging service, 
                                except a message described in clause 
                                (ii).
                    ``(D) Text messaging service.--The term `text 
                messaging service' means a service that enables the 
                transmission or receipt of a text message, including a 
                service provided as part of or in connection with a 
                voice service.
                    ``(E) Voice service.--The term `voice service'--
                            ``(i) means any service that is 
                        interconnected with the public switched 
                        telephone network and that furnishes voice 
                        communications to an end user using resources 
                        from the North American Numbering Plan or any 
                        successor to the North American Numbering Plan 
                        adopted by the Commission under section 
                        251(e)(1); and
                            ``(ii) includes transmissions from a 
                        telephone facsimile machine, computer, or other 
                        device to a telephone facsimile machine.''.
            (3) Technical amendment.--Section 227(e) of the 
        Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 227(e)) is amended in the 
        heading by inserting ``Misleading or'' before ``Inaccurate''.
            (4) Regulations.--
                    (A) In general.--Section 227(e)(3)(A) of the 
                Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 227(e)(3)(A)) is 
                amended by striking ``Not later than 6 months after the 
                date of enactment of the Truth in Caller ID Act of 
                2009, the Commission'' and inserting ``The 
                Commission''.
                    (B) Deadline.--The Commission shall prescribe 
                regulations to implement the amendments made by this 
                subsection not later than 18 months after the date of 
                enactment of this Act.
            (5) Effective date.--The amendments made by this subsection 
        shall take effect on the date that is 6 months after the date 
        on which the Commission prescribes regulations under paragraph 
        (4).
    (b) Consumer Education Materials on How To Avoid Scams That Rely 
Upon Misleading or Inaccurate Caller Identification Information.--
            (1) Development of materials.--Not later than 1 year after 
        the date of enactment of this Act, the Commission, in 
        coordination with the Federal Trade Commission, shall develop 
        consumer education materials that provide information about--
                    (A) ways for consumers to identify scams and other 
                fraudulent activity that rely upon the use of 
                misleading or inaccurate caller identification 
                information; and
                    (B) existing technologies, if any, that a consumer 
                can use to protect against such scams and other 
                fraudulent activity.
            (2) Contents.--In developing the consumer education 
        materials under paragraph (1), the Commission shall--
                    (A) identify existing technologies, if any, that 
                can help consumers guard themselves against scams and 
                other fraudulent activity that rely upon the use of 
                misleading or inaccurate caller identification 
                information, including--
                            (i) descriptions of how a consumer can use 
                        the technologies to protect against such scams 
                        and other fraudulent activity; and
                            (ii) details on how consumers can access 
                        and use the technologies; and
                    (B) provide other information that may help 
                consumers identify and avoid scams and other fraudulent 
                activity that rely upon the use of misleading or 
                inaccurate caller identification information.
            (3) Updates.--The Commission shall ensure that the consumer 
        education materials required under paragraph (1) are updated on 
        a regular basis.
            (4) Website.--The Commission shall include the consumer 
        education materials developed under paragraph (1) on its 
        website.
    (c) GAO Report on Combating the Fraudulent Provision of Misleading 
or Inaccurate Caller Identification Information.--
            (1) In general.--The Comptroller General of the United 
        States shall conduct a study of the actions the Commission and 
        the Federal Trade Commission have taken to combat the 
        fraudulent provision of misleading or inaccurate caller 
        identification information, and the additional measures that 
        could be taken to combat such activity.
            (2) Required considerations.--In conducting the study under 
        paragraph (1), the Comptroller General shall examine--
                    (A) trends in the types of scams that rely on 
                misleading or inaccurate caller identification 
                information;
                    (B) previous and current enforcement actions by the 
                Commission and the Federal Trade Commission to combat 
                the practices prohibited by section 227(e)(1) of the 
                Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 227(e)(1));
                    (C) current efforts by industry groups and other 
                entities to develop technical standards to deter or 
                prevent the fraudulent provision of misleading or 
                inaccurate caller identification information, and how 
                such standards may help combat the current and future 
                provision of misleading or inaccurate caller 
                identification information; and
                    (D) whether there are additional actions the 
                Commission, the Federal Trade Commission, and Congress 
                should take to combat the fraudulent provision of 
                misleading or inaccurate caller identification 
                information.
            (3) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to 
        the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of 
        Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
        Transportation of the Senate a report on the findings of the 
        study under paragraph (1), including any recommendations 
        regarding combating the fraudulent provision of misleading or 
        inaccurate caller identification information.
    (d) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section, or the 
amendments made by this section, shall be construed to modify, limit, 
or otherwise affect any rule or order adopted by the Commission in 
connection with--
            (1) the Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991 (Public 
        Law 102-243; 105 Stat. 2394) or the amendments made by that 
        Act; or
            (2) the CAN-SPAM Act of 2003 (15 U.S.C. 7701 et seq.).
    (e) Commission Defined.--In this section, the term ``Commission'' 
means the Federal Communications Commission.

            Passed the House of Representatives November 14, 2016.

            Attest:

                                                 KAREN L. HAAS,

                                                                 Clerk.