To amend the Public Health Service Act to require the Secretary of Homeland Security to improve and expedite the assessment and determination of current and emerging chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear material threats, to group such agents to facilitate the assessment and acquisition of countermeasures that would address more than one of such agents or adverse health consequences common to exposure to different agents, and for other purposes.

Summary: Project Bioshield Material Threats Act of 2007 - Amends the Public Health Service Act to require the Secretary of Homeland Security (the Secretary) to utilize existing risk assessments to assess current and emerging threats of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear agents and determine which of such agents present a material threat against the U.S. population sufficient to affect national security. Requires the Secretary to group such assessments to facilitate assessments by the Secretary of Health and Human Services on the availability and appropriateness of specific countermeasures to address more than one such agent or address adverse health consequences that are common to exposure to different agents. Requires the Secretary to complete assessments by December 31, 2007, for those agents known to the Secretary by the date of enactment of this Act that are capable of significantly affecting national security and to submit the results to Congress.

Amends the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to reauthorize appropriations through FY2009 for the Secretary to carry out such terror threat assessments. Authorizes additional appropriations to enable the Secretary to meet the deadlines established under this Act.

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Project BioShield Material Threats 
Act of 2007''.

SEC. 2. MATERIAL THREATS.

    (a) In General.--Section 319F-2(c)(2)(A) of the Public Health 
Service Act (42 U.S.C. 247d-6b(c)(2)(A)) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating clauses (i) and (ii) as subclauses (I) 
        and (II), respectively;
            (2) by moving each of such subclauses two ems to the right;
            (3) by striking ``(A) Material threat.--The Homeland 
        Security Secretary'' and inserting the following:
                    ``(A) Material threat.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The Homeland Security 
                        Secretary''; and
            (4) by adding at the end the following clauses:
                            ``(ii) Use of existing risk assessments.--
                        For the purpose of satisfying the requirements 
                        of clause (i) as expeditiously as possible, the 
                        Homeland Security Secretary shall, as 
                        practicable, utilize existing risk assessments 
                        that such Secretary considers credible.
                            ``(iii) Order of assessments.--
                                    ``(I) Groupings to facilitate 
                                assessment of countermeasures.--In 
                                conducting threat assessments and 
                                determinations under clause (i) of 
                                chemical, biological, radiological, and 
                                nuclear agents, the Homeland Security 
                                Secretary shall, to the extent 
                                practicable and appropriate, consider 
                                the completion of such assessments and 
                                determinations for groups of agents 
                                toward the goal of facilitating the 
                                assessment of countermeasures under 
                                paragraph (3) by the Secretary of 
                                Health and Human Services.
                                    ``(II) Categories of 
                                countermeasures.--The grouping of 
                                agents under subclause (I) by the 
                                Homeland Security Secretary shall be 
                                designed to facilitate assessments 
                                under paragraph (3) by the Secretary of 
                                Health and Human Services regarding the 
                                following two categories of 
                                countermeasures:
                                            ``(aa) Countermeasures that 
                                        may address more than one agent 
                                        identified under clause 
                                        (i)(II).
                                            ``(bb) Countermeasures that 
                                        may address adverse health 
                                        consequences that are common to 
                                        exposure to different agents.
                                    ``(III) Rule of construction.--A 
                                particular grouping of agents pursuant 
                                to subclause (II) is not required under 
                                such subclause to facilitate 
                                assessments of both categories of 
                                countermeasures described in such 
                                subclause. A grouping may concern one 
                                category and not the other.
                            ``(iv) Time frame for completion of certain 
                        national-security determinations.--With respect 
                        to chemical, biological, radiological, and 
                        nuclear agents known to the Homeland Security 
                        Secretary as of the day before the date of the 
                        enactment of this clause, and which such 
                        Secretary considers to be capable of 
                        significantly affecting national security, such 
                        Secretary shall complete the determinations 
                        under clause (i)(II) not later than December 
                        31, 2007.
                            ``(v) Report to congress.--Not later than 
                        30 days after the date on which the Homeland 
                        Security Secretary completes a material threat 
                        assessment under clause (i) or a risk 
                        assessment for the purpose of satisfying such 
                        clause, the Secretary shall submit to Congress 
                        a report containing the results of such 
                        assessment.
                            ``(vi) Definition.--For purposes of this 
                        subparagraph, the term `risk assessment' means 
                        a scientific, technically-based analysis of 
                        agents that incorporates threat, vulnerability, 
                        and consequence information.''.
    (b) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 521(d) of the 
Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 321-j(d)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``2006,'' and inserting 
        ``2009,''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Additional authorization of appropriations regarding 
        certain threat assessments.--For the purpose of providing an 
        additional amount to the Secretary to assist the Secretary in 
        meeting the requirements of clause (iv) of section 319F-
        2(c)(2)(A)) of the Public Health Service Act (relating to time 
        frames), there are authorized to be appropriated such sums as 
        may be necessary for fiscal year 2008, in addition to the 
        authorization of appropriations established in paragraph (1). 
        The purposes for which such additional amount may be expended 
        include conducting risk assessments regarding clause (i)(II) of 
        such section when there are no existing risk assessments that 
        the Secretary considers credible.''.