War Crimes Prosecution Facilitation Act of 1997

Summary: War Crimes Prosecution Facilitation Act of 1997 - Expresses the sense of the Senate that:  (1) reconciliation in Bosnia and Herzegovina cannot be achieved if indicted war criminals remain at large and refugees and displaced persons are unable to return to their homes; (2) the United States should ensure that multilateral and bilateral assistance is provided to the Dayton Agreement parties only if doing so would promote reconciliation as well as reconstruction, including the transfer of war criminals to the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), the return of refugees and displaced persons, and freedom of movement; and (3) the ICTY should continue to investigate and bring indictments against persons who have violated international humanitarian law. 
Prohibits foreign assistance under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 or the Arms Export Control Act (except humanitarian or democratization assistance, or assistance for physical infrastructure projects) to:  (1) any country whose government fails to apprehend and transfer to the ICTY persons in their territory the ICTY has indicted; (2) any program or activity in such country in which an indicted war criminal has any financial interest or through any organization with which the indicted person is affiliated; and (3) any program or activity in any country (other than emergency food, medical, or demining assistance) in which local authorities are not complying with certain articles of the Dayton Agreement. 
Directs the Secretary of the Treasury to instruct the U.S. executive directors of the international financial institutions to work in opposition to, and vote against, any extension of any financial assistance or grants to such a country. 
Provides for a waiver of such sanctions if a majority of indicted persons within the country's territory have been arrested and transferred to the ICTY.

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``War Crimes Prosecution Facilitation 
Act of 1997''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    The Congress finds the following:
            (1) In May 1993, the United Nations established the 
        International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia 
        (ICTY).
            (2) The mandate of the Tribunal is to prosecute ``genocide, 
        crimes against humanity, grave breaches of the Geneva 
        Conventions, and violations of the laws and customs of war'' 
        committed in the territory of the former Yugoslavia from 
        January 1, 1991, until ``a date to be determined after 
        restoration of peace''.
            (3) Parties to the Dayton Agreement, as well as subsequent 
        agreements, agreed to cooperate fully with the ``investigation 
        and prosecution of war crimes and other violations of 
        international humanitarian law''. All members of the 
        international community are required by the Tribunal Statute to 
        cooperate in ``the identification and location of persons'', 
        ``the arrest or detention of persons'', and ``the surrender or 
        the transfer of the accused'' to the Tribunal.
            (4) Although 74 persons are under indictment by the 
        Tribunal, 66 remain at large, including 53 Bosnian and Yugoslav 
        Serbs, and 13 Bosnian and Croatian Croats.
            (5) Credible reports indicate that some of the indicted war 
        criminals are living in areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina that 
        are under the effective control of Croatia or Serbia-
        Montenegro. Many of the indicted war criminals have been 
        sighted living openly and freely in Croatia, the Croat-
        controlled areas of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 
        Republika Srpska, and Serbia-Montenegro.
            (6) An estimated 2,000,000 persons have been forced from 
        their homes by the war, many of whom remain displaced and 
        unable to return to their homes, in violation of the Dayton 
        Accords, because their homes are in a jurisdiction controlled 
        by a different ethnic group.
            (7) The fighting in Bosnia has ceased for more than a year, 
        and international efforts are now focused on the economic 
        reconstruction and implementation of the civilian aspects of 
        the Dayton Accords.
            (8) The International Bank for Reconstruction and 
        Development, the European Bank for Reconstruction and 
        Development, the International Monetary Fund, and individual 
        donor countries, including the United States, have begun 
        disbursing funds toward meeting an identified goal of 
        $5,100,000,000 for reconstruction of Bosnia.

SEC. 3. SENSE OF THE SENATE.

    (a) It is the sense of the Senate that--
            (1) reconciliation in Bosnia and Herzegovina cannot be 
        achieved if indicted war criminals remain at large and refugees 
        and displaced persons are unable to return to their homes;
            (2) reconstruction without reconciliation will not be 
        effective in ensuring stability in the long run because absent 
        individual accountability, victimized communities will assign 
        collective responsibility, thus perpetuating the cycle of 
        hatred; and
            (3) the Government of the United States should ensure that 
        multilateral and bilateral assistance is provided to parties to 
        the Dayton Agreement only if doing so would promote 
        reconciliation as well as reconstruction, including the 
        transfer of war criminals to the Tribunal, the return of 
        refugees and displaced persons, and freedom of movement.
    (b) It is further the sense of the Senate that the Tribunal, 
consistent with its mandate, should continue to investigate and bring 
indictments against persons who have violated international 
humanitarian law.

SEC. 4. RESTRICTIONS ON FUNDING.

    (a) Bilateral Assistance.--
            (1) In general.--No assistance may be provided under the 
        Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 or the Arms Export Control Act 
for any country described in subsection (d).
            (2) Application to prior appropriations.--The prohibition 
        on assistance contained in paragraph (1) includes the provision 
        of assistance from funds appropriated prior to the date of 
        enactment of this Act.
    (b) Multilateral Assistance.--The Secretary of the Treasury shall 
instruct the United States executive directors of the international 
financial institutions to work in opposition to, and vote against, any 
extension by such institutions of any financial or technical assistance 
or grants of any kind to any country described in subsection (d).
    (c) Exceptions.--
            (1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), subsections (a) 
        and (b) shall not apply to the provision of--
                    (A) humanitarian assistance;
                    (B) democratization assistance; or
                    (C) assistance for physical infrastructure projects 
                involving activities in both a sanctioned country and 
                nonsanctioned contiguous countries, if the 
                nonsanctioned countries are the primary beneficiaries.
            (2) Further limitations.--Notwithstanding paragraph (1)--
                    (A) no assistance may be made available under the 
                Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 or the Arms Export 
                Control Act for a program, project, or activity in any 
                country described in subsection (d) in which an 
                indicted war criminal has any financial or material 
                interest or through any organization in which the 
                indicted individual is affiliated; and
                    (B) no assistance (other than emergency food or 
                medical assistance or demining assistance) may be made 
                available under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 or 
                the Arms Export Control Act to any program, project, or 
                activity in any area in any country described in 
                subsection (d) in which local authorities are not 
                complying with the provisions of Article IX and Annex 
                4, Article II of the Dayton Agreement relating to war 
                crimes and the Tribunal, or with the provisions of 
                Annex 7 of the Dayton Agreement relating to the rights 
                of refugees and displaced persons to return to their 
                homes of origin.
    (d) Sanctioned Countries.--A country described in this section is a 
country the authorities of which fail to apprehend and transfer to the 
Tribunal all persons in territory that is under their effective control 
who have been indicted by the Tribunal.
    (e) Waiver.--
            (1) Authority.--The President may waive the application of 
        subsection (a) or subsection (b) with respect to a country if 
        the President determines and certifies to the appropriate 
        committees of Congress within six months after the date of 
        enactment of this Act that a majority of the indicted persons 
        who are within territory that is under the effective control of 
        the country have been arrested and transferred to the Tribunal.
            (2) Period of effectiveness.--Any waiver made pursuant to 
        this subsection shall be effective for a period of six months.
    (f) Termination of Sanctions.--The sanctions imposed pursuant to 
subsection (a) or subsection (b) with respect to a country shall cease 
to apply only if the President determines and certifies to Congress 
that the authorities of that country have apprehended and transferred 
to the Tribunal all persons in territory that is under their effective 
control who have been indicted by the Tribunal.

SEC. 5. DEFINITIONS.

    As used in this Act:
            (1) Country.--The term ``country'' shall not include the 
        state of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the provisions of this Act 
        shall be applied separately to its constituent entities of 
        Republika Srpska and the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
            (2) Dayton agreement.--The term ``Dayton Agreement'' means 
        the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and 
        Herzegovina, together with annexes relating thereto, done at 
        Dayton, November 10 through 16, 1995.
            (3) Democratization assistance.--The term ``democratization 
        assistance'' includes electoral assistance and assistance used 
        in establishing the institutions of a democratic and civil 
        society.
            (4) Humanitarian assistance.--The term ``humanitarian 
        assistance'' includes disaster and food assistance and 
        assistance for demining, refugees, housing, education, health 
        care, and other social services.
            (5) Tribunal.--The term ``Tribunal'' means the 
        International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia.