End Drunk Driving Act of 2016

Summary: End Drunk Driving Act of 2016 This bill directs the Department of Transportation to issue a final rule prescribing or amending a federal motor vehicle safety standard that would prevent operation of a motor vehicle when the operator is under the influence of alcohol.  Such standard shall:  prevent the operation of the motor vehicle if the operator's blood alcohol content is above the legal limit; and require the technology to be reliable and accurate, set at the legal limit, unobtrusive and fast, tamper-proof/circumvention-resistent, functionary in extreme environments, and easily maintained.  To meet grant requirements, a state must enact and enforce a law that requires the installation of an ignition interlock device for a minimum of 180 days on each motor vehicle operated by an individual convicted of driving while intoxicated or driving under the influence. The bill prescribes compliance requirements and penalties for noncompliance.

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``End Drunk Driving Act of 2016''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    Congress finds the following:
            (1) Alcohol-impaired driving fatalities represent 
        approximately one-third of all highway fatalities in the United 
        States in a given year.
            (2) First offenders were responsible for 75 percent of 
        drunk driving arrests and 25 percent were from repeat 
        offenders.
            (3) In 2013, there were 10,076 alcohol-impaired driving 
        fatalities in the United States.
            (4) The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration has 
        partnered with automobile manufacturers to develop alcohol 
        detection technologies that may be installed in vehicles to 
        prevent drunk driving.
            (5) An estimated 59,000 lives and $343,000,000,000 may be 
        saved over a 15-year period by the widespread installation of 
        alcohol detection technologies in motor vehicles.

SEC. 3. ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY TO END DRUNK DRIVING.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 10 years after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall issue a final rule 
prescribing or amending a Federal motor vehicle safety standard that 
would prevent operation of a motor vehicle when the operator is under 
the influence of alcohol. The standard--
            (1) shall prevent the operation of the motor vehicle if the 
        operator's blood alcohol content is above the legal limit; and
            (2) shall require such technology to be--
                    (A) reliable and accurate;
                    (B) set at the legal limit;
                    (C) unobtrusive and fast;
                    (D) tamper-proof/circumvention-resistant;
                    (E) functionary in extreme environments (both hot 
                and cold); and
                    (F) easily maintained.

SEC. 4. FUNDING AND PLANS FOR DRIVER ALCOHOL DETECTION SYSTEM FOR 
              SAFETY RESEARCH.

    Section 403(h) of title 23, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking paragraph (2) and inserting the following:
            ``(2) Funding.--To carry out this subsection, the Secretary 
        shall obligate from funds made available to carry out this 
        section--
                    ``(A) $12,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2017 and 
                2018;
                    ``(B) $16,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 and 
                2020; and
                    ``(C) $20,000,000 for each of years 2021 through 
                2026.''; and
            (2) in paragraph (4)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A) by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) by redesignating subparagraph (B) as 
                subparagraph (C); and
                    (C) by inserting after subparagraph (A) the 
                following:
                    ``(B) outlines the Administration's plans to 
                expedite research and development of this technology; 
                and''.

SEC. 5. USE OF IGNITION INTERLOCK DEVICES TO PREVENT REPEAT INTOXICATED 
              DRIVING.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 1 of title 23, United States Code, is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 171. Use of ignition interlock devices to prevent repeat 
              intoxicated driving
    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Alcohol concentration.--The term `alcohol 
        concentration' means grams of alcohol per 100 milliliters of 
        blood or grams of alcohol per 210 liters of breath.
            ``(2) Driving while intoxicated; driving under the 
        influence.--The terms `driving while intoxicated' and `driving 
        under the influence' mean driving or being in actual physical 
        control of a motor vehicle in a State while having a blood 
        alcohol concentration that is greater than or equal to the 
        lesser of--
                    ``(A) the blood alcohol concentration limit of the 
                State in which the individual is driving; or
                    ``(B) 0.08 percent.
            ``(3) Ignition interlock device.--The term `ignition 
        interlock device' means an in-vehicle device that--
                    ``(A) requires a driver to provide a breath sample 
                prior to the motor vehicle starting; and
                    ``(B) prevents a motor vehicle from starting if the 
                alcohol concentration of the driver is above the legal 
                limit.
            ``(4) Motor vehicle.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The term `motor vehicle' means a 
                vehicle driven or drawn by mechanical power and 
                manufactured primarily for use on public highways.
                    ``(B) Exclusions.--The term `motor vehicle' does 
                not include--
                            ``(i) a vehicle operated solely on a rail 
                        line; or
                            ``(ii) a commercial vehicle.
    ``(b) Laws Requiring Ignition Interlock Devices.--A State meets the 
requirements of this subsection if the State has enacted and is 
enforcing a law that requires throughout the State the installation of 
an ignition interlock device for a minimum of 180 days on each motor 
vehicle operated by an individual who is convicted of driving while 
intoxicated or driving under the influence.
    ``(c) Withholding of Funds for Noncompliance.--
            ``(1) Fiscal year 2017.--On October 1, 2016, the Secretary 
        shall withhold 1 percent of the amount required to be 
        apportioned to a State under each of paragraphs (1) and (2) of 
        section 104(b) if the State does not meet the requirements of 
        subsection (b) of this section.
            ``(2) Fiscal year 2018.--On October 1, 2017, the Secretary 
        shall withhold 3 percent of the amount required to be 
        apportioned to a State under each of paragraphs (1) and (2) of 
        section 104(b) if the State does not meet the requirements of 
        subsection (b) of this section.
            ``(3) Fiscal year 2019 and thereafter.--On October 1, 2018, 
        and on October 1 of each fiscal year thereafter, the Secretary 
        shall withhold 5 percent of the amount required to be 
        apportioned to a State under each of paragraphs (1) and (2) of 
        section 104(b) if the State does not meet the requirements of 
        subsection (b) of this section.
    ``(d) Period of Availability of Withheld Funds; Effect of 
Compliance and Noncompliance.--
            ``(1) Period of availability of withheld funds.--Any funds 
        withheld under subsection (c) from apportionment to a State 
        shall remain available for apportionment to the State until the 
        end of the third fiscal year following the fiscal year for 
        which the funds are authorized to be appropriated.
            ``(2) Apportionment of withheld funds after compliance.--
        If, before the last day of the period for which funds withheld 
        under subsection (c) from apportionment are to remain available 
        for apportionment to a State under paragraph (1), the State 
        meets the requirements of subsection (b), the Secretary shall, 
        on the first day on which the State meets the requirements of 
        subsection (b), apportion to the State the funds withheld under 
        subsection (c) that remain available for apportionment to the 
        State.
            ``(3) Period of availability of subsequently apportioned 
        funds.--Any funds apportioned pursuant to paragraph (2)--
                    ``(A) shall remain available for expenditure until 
                the end of the third fiscal year following the fiscal 
                year in which the funds are so apportioned; and
                    ``(B) if not apportioned at the end of that period, 
                shall lapse.
            ``(4) Effect of noncompliance.--If, at the end of the 
        period for which funds withheld under subsection (c) from 
        apportionment are available for apportionment to a State under 
        paragraph (1), the State does not meet the requirements of 
        subsection (b), the funds shall lapse.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 1 of title 23, 
United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

``171. Use of ignition interlock devices to prevent repeat intoxicated 
                            driving.''.

SEC. 6. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act, the following definitions apply:
            (1) Alcohol-impaired driving.--The term ``alcohol-impaired 
        driving'' means operation of a motor vehicle (as defined in 
        section 30102(a)(6) of title 49, United States Code) by an 
        individual whose blood alcohol content is at or above the legal 
        limit.
            (2) Legal limit.--The term ``legal limit'' means a blood 
        alcohol concentration of--
                    (A) 0.08 percent or greater (as specified in 
                section 163(a) of title 23, United States Code); or
                    (B) such other percentage limitation as may be 
                established by applicable Federal, State, or local law.