United States-Iran Nuclear Negotiations Act

Summary: United States-Iran Nuclear Negotiations Act - States that it is the policy of Congress that it is in the national security interest of the United States and its allies and partners to ensure that Iran: (1) halts all uranium enrichment and identifies all enrichment sites, (2) removes and transfers to a third party under the auspices of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) all uranium enriched to a 20% and higher threshold, (3) closes the Fordow uranium enrichment facility, and (4) ceases developing reactors capable of producing plutonium and the importation and domestic manufacturing of all centrifuges for enriching uranium. Expresses the sense of Congress that if these objectives are met it shall be U.S. policy to enter into a negotiated settlement regarding nuclear activities in Iran.  Declares that the United States is capable, willing, and ready to use military force to prevent Iran from obtaining or developing a nuclear weapons capability. Acknowledges that this Act constitutes current consultation with the President on Iran in order to provide for application of all options to prevent Iran from obtaining a nuclear weapons capability and provides consent to the appropriate use of force against legitimate targets in Iran to: (1) uphold and implement all relevant United Nations (U.N.) Security Council resolutions regarding Iran's nuclear program, (2) deter Iran's development of nuclear weapons in order to protect the national security interests of the United States and its allies and partners, and (3) degrade Iran's capacity to develop such weapons in the future.  States that, if any business, firm, or entity has not terminated the provision of goods, services, or technology in Iran or with any Iranian-controlled entity, the President may: (1) prohibit that business, firm, or entity from receiving any U.S. government contract or accessing U.S. capital markets; and (2) in the case of a business, firm, or entity that is a foreign financial institution, prohibit or impose strict conditions on the opening or maintaining in the United States of a correspondent account or payable-through account.

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``United States-Iran Nuclear 
Negotiations Act''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    Congress finds the following:
            (1) After a 30-year formal diplomatic relations drought and 
        decades of repeated and direct threats to the United States, 
        Iran and the United States recently exchanged communication 
        between high-ranking government officials with the stated 
        intent to accelerate negotiations and relations.
            (2) Since at least the late 1980s, Iran has engaged in a 
        sustained and well-documented pattern of illicit and deceptive 
        activities to acquire a nuclear weapons capability and has 
        provided weapons, training, funding, and direction to terrorist 
        groups.
            (3) Iran already possesses the necessary amount of low- and 
        medium-enriched uranium that, if enriched further to weapons-
        grade level, can produce several nuclear weapons.
            (4) Iran has the advanced nuclear facilities and technology 
        to carry out weapons-grade enrichment and the infrastructure to 
        assemble, house and launch long-range ballistic weapons.
            (5) Since September 2005, the International Atomic Energy 
        Agency (IAEA) has found Iran to be in non-compliance with its 
        safeguards agreement, which Iran is obligated to adhere to as a 
        non-nuclear-weapon State Party to the Treaty on the Non-
        Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, done at Washington, London, 
        and Moscow July 1, 1968, and entered into force March 5, 1970.
            (6) The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) has adopted 
        multiple resolutions since 2006 demanding Iran's full and 
        sustained suspension of all uranium enrichment-related and 
        reprocessing activities and Iran's full cooperation with the 
        IAEA on all outstanding issues related to its nuclear 
        activities, particularly those concerning the possible military 
        utilizations of its nuclear program.
            (7) On July 31, 2006, the UNSC adopted Resolution 1696 that 
        calls on Tehran to suspend its enrichment program and verify 
        its compliance with the IAEA Board of Governors' requirements.
            (8) On December 23, 2006, the UNSC adopted Resolution 1737 
        in response to Iran's failure to comply with Resolution 1696 
        and requires Iran to suspend uranium enrichment and heavy-water 
        reactor projects, and take other confidence-building measures.
            (9) On March 24, 2007, the UNSC adopted Resolution 1747 as 
        a result of Iran's failure to comply with the previous two 
        resolutions. It calls on Iran to take measures required by the 
        IAEA Board of Governors and outlined in Resolution 1737 to 
        verify that its nuclear program has only peaceful purposes and 
        to reach a long-term comprehensive agreement with the P5+1 
        nations (the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Russia, 
        China, and Germany).
            (10) On March 3, 2008, the UNSC adopted Resolution 1803 as 
        a response to Iran's decision to not abide by previous 
        resolutions and calls for Iran to halt its enrichment program 
        and comply with previous UNSC and IAEA resolutions.
            (11) On September 27, 2008, the UNSC adopted Resolution 
        1835 which reaffirms the four previous resolutions.
            (12) On June 9, 2010, the UNSC adopted Resolution 1929 
        which reiterates the UNSC's demands from previous resolutions 
        that Iran halt all enrichment activity and to cooperate with 
        IAEA efforts to determine that Iran does not have a nuclear 
        weapons program.
            (13) On June 9, 2011, the UNSC adopted Resolution 1984 
        which recalls all previous resolutions and extends the mandate 
        of the Panel of Experts that monitors sanctions on Iran's 
        nuclear program for a period of one year.
            (14) On June 7, 2012, the UNSC adopted Resolution 2049 
        which extends the mandate of the Panel of Experts to monitor 
        the implementation of international sanctions against Iran and 
        to provide several reports on compliance with international 
        sanctions.
            (15) Congress has passed and the President has signed into 
        law legislation imposing significant economic and diplomatic 
        sanctions to pressure Iran to abandon its pursuit of nuclear 
        weapons and end its support for terrorism.
            (16) The Department of State has designated Iran as a state 
        sponsor of terrorism since 1984 and for the past decade has 
        characterized Iran as the ``most active state sponsor of 
        terrorism'' in the world.
            (17) During the State of the Union Address on January 24, 
        2012, President Barack Obama stated, ``Let there be no doubt: 
        America is determined to prevent Iran from getting a nuclear 
        weapon, and I will take no options off the table to achieve 
        that goal.''.
            (18) On March 4, 2012, President Obama stated, ``Iran's 
        leaders should understand that I do not have a policy of 
        containment; I have a policy to prevent Iran from obtaining a 
        nuclear weapon.''.
            (19) On October 22, 2012, President Obama said of Iran, 
        ``The clock is ticking . . . And we're going to make sure that 
        if they do not meet the demands of the international community, 
        then we are going to take all options necessary to make sure 
        they don't have a nuclear weapon.''.
            (20) Iran Supreme Leader Khamenei's newly elected 
        President, Hassan Rouhani, served as a member of Iran's Supreme 
        National Security Council since 1989, spent 16 years as the 
        Supreme National Security Council's secretary, and was Iran's 
        nuclear negotiator from 2003 to 2005.
            (21) In a secret 2004 speech that leaked in 2006, Rouhani 
        acknowledged that he used the negotiations to buy time for the 
        advancement of Iran's nuclear program: ``While we were talking 
        with the Europeans in Tehran, we were installing equipment in 
        parts of the facility in Isfahan [the site of Iran's uranium 
        conversion plant], but we still had a long way to go to 
        complete the project. In fact, by creating a calm environment, 
        we were able to complete the work in Isfahan.''.
            (22) Since Barack Obama has become President, Iran has 
        tripled the number of operating centrifuges to 15,000 and has 
        expanded the Natanz enrichment facility and its newer, deep 
        underground plant at Fordow where it has installed hundreds of 
        more advanced machines (the IR-2) which are capable of tripling 
        the production rate, drastically reducing the time it would 
        need to break out and produce weapons-grade materials.
            (23) Iran has continued to construct the Arak heavy water 
        reactor that is suitable for plutonium production.
            (24) Iran's illicit pursuit and development of nuclear 
        weapons and its foreign policy conduct and actions constitute a 
        grave threat to regional stability, world peace, global economy 
        and energy markets, and the national security interests of the 
        United States and its allies and partners.
            (25) A nuclear weapons-capable Iran, with intercontinental 
        ballistic capabilities, would pose a direct nuclear and high 
        altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) threat to the United 
        States and its allies.
            (26) A nuclear weapons-capable Iran would likely lead 
        directly to the proliferation of nuclear weapons in such nearby 
        powers as Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and Turkey, thus increasing the 
        risk of regional nuclear confrontation.

SEC. 3. SUPPORT FOR UNITED STATES DIPLOMATIC EFFORTS.

    (a) Statement of Policy.--It is the policy of Congress that it is 
in the national security interest of the United States and its allies 
and partners to ensure the following objectives with respect to Iran 
are achieved:
            (1) Iran permanently halts all uranium enrichment and 
        identifies all sites where such enrichment is occurring.
            (2) Iran removes, and transfers to a third party under the 
        auspices of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), all 
        uranium enriched to a 20 percent and higher threshold.
            (3) Iran closes the uranium enrichment facility at Fordow, 
        near Qom, Iran.
            (4) Iran ceases developing reactors capable of producing 
        plutonium and ceases the importation and domestic manufacturing 
        of all centrifuges for enriching uranium.
    (b) Sense of Congress.--
            (1) In general.--It is the sense of Congress that if the 
        objectives described in paragraphs (1) through (4) of 
        subsection (a) are met, it shall be the policy of the United 
        States to enter into a negotiated settlement regarding nuclear 
        activities in Iran that includes the terms described in 
        paragraph (2) of this subsection.
            (2) Terms described.--The terms referred to in paragraph 
        (1) are the following:
                    (A) The Government of Iran reaffirms its commitment 
                to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear 
                Weapons and ratifies and implements all provisions of 
                the Additional Protocol.
                    (B) Iran ceases the development and testing of 
                long-range ballistic weapons.
                    (C) Iran permits unfettered access by IAEA 
                officials to inspect and verify its compliance to IAEA 
                safeguards and the IAEA Board of Governors' 
                obligations.
                    (D) Iran ceases to provide weapons, training, 
                funding, and direction to terrorist groups, including 
                Hamas, Hezbollah, Shiite militias in Iraq, and the 
                regime of Bashar al Assad in Syria.
                    (E) Iran demonstrates peaceful foreign policy 
                conduct and actions and issues full recognition of its 
                neighbors' sovereignty, including Israel.
                    (F) Iran ceases all threats against the United 
                States and Israel.

SEC. 4. MILITARY READINESS AND CONGRESSIONAL CONSENT.

    (a) Declaration of Policy.--Congress declares that the United 
States is wholly capable, willing, and ready to use military force to 
prevent Iran from obtaining or developing a nuclear weapons capability.
    (b) Congressional Consent.--
            (1) In general.--To maximize the Administration's 
        diplomatic leverage to achieve, consistent with the national 
        security interests of the United States and its allies and 
        partners, a negotiated settlement with the Government of Iran 
        regarding Iran's nuclear weapons program, and consistent with 
        the President's authority under article II, section 2 of the 
        Constitution and pursuant to the War Powers Resolution (50 
        U.S.C. 1541 et seq.), at such time when the President 
        determines that--
                    (A) Iran is using the cover of diplomacy to 
                continue advancing its nuclear program to acquire a 
                nuclear weapons capability,
                    (B) diplomatic efforts have failed to mitigate 
                Iran's nuclear enrichment program in documented, 
                inspected, and verifiable ways, or
                    (C) Iran poses a threat to the national security 
                interests of the United States and its allies and 
                partners,
        Congress hereby acknowledges that this Act constitutes current 
        consultation with the President on Iran in order to provide for 
        swift application of all options to prevent Iran from obtaining 
        a nuclear weapons capability and provides consent to the 
        necessary and appropriate use of force against legitimate 
        targets in Iran to achieve the objectives described in 
        paragraph (2).
            (2) Objectives described.--The objectives referred to in 
        paragraph (1) are the following:
                    (A) Uphold and implement all relevant United 
                Nations Security Council resolutions regarding Iran's 
                nuclear program.
                    (B) Deter Iran's development of nuclear weapons in 
                order to protect the national security interests of the 
                United States and to protect United States allies and 
                partners against the development and transfer of such 
                weapons to rogue regimes and non-state actors.
                    (C) Degrade Iran's capacity to develop such weapons 
                in the future.

SEC. 5. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO IRAN.

    (a) Authorization for Imposition of Sanctions.--If any business, 
firm, or entity has not terminated the provision of goods, services, or 
technology in Iran or with any Iranian-controlled entity, the President 
may--
            (1) prohibit that business, firm, or entity from receiving 
        any United States Government contract or accessing United 
        States capital markets; and
            (2) in the case of a business, firm, or entity that is a 
        foreign financial institution, prohibit, or impose strict 
        conditions on, the opening or maintaining in the United States 
        of a correspondent account or payable-through account by the 
        business, firm, or entity.
    (b) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Business, firm, or entity.--The term ``business'', 
        ``firm'', or ``entity''--
                    (A) means a partnership, association, trust, joint 
                venture, corporation, company, governmental, quasi-
                governmental or non-governmental body, affiliate or 
                other organization; and
                    (B) includes any affiliate, subsidiary, or branch 
                thereof.
            (2) Iran.--The term ``Iran'' means the Government of the 
        Islamic Republic of Iran, including the central bank or 
        monetary authority of that Government and any agency or 
        instrumentality of that Government.
            (3) Iranian-controlled entity.--The term ``Iranian-
        controlled entity'' means a partnership, association, trust, 
        joint venture, corporation, affiliate or other organization in 
        which the Government of Iran--
                    (A) holds more than 50 percent of the equity 
                interest by vote or value in the entity;
                    (B) holds a majority of seats on the board of 
                directors of the entity; or
                    (C) otherwise controls the actions, policies, or 
                personnel decisions of the entity.