International Nonproliferation Safeguards Reform Act of 1993

Summary: International Nonproliferation Safeguards Reform Act of 1993 - Directs the Secretary of State, during FY 1994 and 1995, to provide additional assistance to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) for:  (1) the implementation by the IAEA of reforms to strengthen the effectiveness of IAEA safeguards; and (2) contributions to the IAEA Technical Assistance and Cooperation Fund. 
Conditions such assistance on the President's certification to the Congress that the IAEA is taking steps to implement such reforms. 
Requires the President to direct the U.S. representatives to the IAEA to work toward the early adoption of reforms, including:  (1) improving access to nuclear facilities within non-nuclear weapon states; (2) increasing the transparency of internaional nuclear commerce; (3) improving access to information about nuclear activities of IAEA member states; and (4) examining the advisability of conducting less frequent inspections at nuclear facilities in member states which consent to short notice, unrestricted inspections and which accept construction or modification safeguards and agree not to place certain limitations on inspectors. 
Authorizes additional appropriations.

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``International Nonproliferation 
Safeguards Reform Act of 1993''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    The Congress finds that--
            (1) commercial and scientific uses of nuclear energy offer 
        the potential both to serve and to destroy mankind;
            (2) the International Atomic Energy Agency has served the 
        world community for almost 35 years in implementing safeguards 
        against the military uses of civilian nuclear facilities;
            (3) the IAEA has served and continues to serve important 
        United States interests in ensuring the peaceful uses of 
        nuclear energy and in reducing the risk of nuclear weapons 
        proliferation;
            (4) IAEA safeguards remain essential elements of United 
        States domestic legislation and international treaty 
        commitments which are intended to halt the global spread of 
        nuclear weapons;
            (5) the ability of the IAEA to secure the peaceful uses of 
        nuclear energy will depend upon its ability to adapt to 
        changing political and technological conditions;
            (6) the ability of the IAEA to achieve its safeguards 
        objectives is jeopardized by nations that pursue nuclear 
        weapons options in violation of their nuclear nonproliferation 
        treaty commitments;
            (7) the ability of the IAEA to achieve its safeguards 
        objectives is further challenged by the persistent efforts by 
        some nations to make large-scale commercial uses of weapons-
        grade nuclear material;
            (8) in recent years, the IAEA has taken on significant new 
        safeguards responsibilities, including inspection activities in 
        Iraq, North Korea, South Africa, Brazil, and Argentina and the 
        implementation of safeguards on bulk-scale reprocessing 
        facilities;
            (9) these safeguards responsibilities are growing while the 
        IAEA's budget and manpower resources have remained virtually 
        constant and even declined in some years;
            (10) Iraq's technological advancement toward developing a 
        nuclear weapons capability underscores the need for reforms in 
        the implementation of IAEA safeguards; and
            (11) the United States and other member states of the IAEA 
        must give the IAEA adequate political, technical, and financial 
        support if it is to implement these reforms successfully.

SEC. 3. PROGRAMS TO REFORM INTERNATIONAL NONPROLIFERATION SAFEGUARDS.

    (a) Additional Assistance to IAEA.--Subject to the limitations and 
requirements provided in this Act, the Secretary of State, under the 
guidance of the President, shall, during fiscal year 1994 and fiscal 
year 1995, provide to the IAEA, in addition to the United States annual 
assessed contribution to the IAEA, assistance for the purposes set 
forth in subsection (b).
    (b) Purposes of Assistance.--The purposes for which assistance 
under subsection (a) shall be provided are limited to--
            (1) the implementation by the IAEA of reforms to strengthen 
        the effectiveness of IAEA safeguards; and
            (2) contributions to the Technical Assistance and 
        Cooperation Fund of the IAEA.
    (c) Restrictions.--Assistance authorized by subsection (a) for the 
purpose set forth in subsection (b)(2) may be provided only if the 
President certifies to the Congress that the IAEA is taking steps to 
implement reforms to improve the effectiveness of IAEA safeguards, 
including, but not limited to, those described in subsection (d).
    (d) Reforms in IAEA Safeguards.--The President shall direct the 
United States representatives to the IAEA to work toward the early 
adoption of reforms in the implementation of the safeguards 
responsibilities of the IAEA, including the following reforms:
            (1) Improving the access of the IAEA within any non-
        nuclear-weapon state to nuclear facilities, whether or not 
        declared by that state, that are capable of producing, 
        processing, or fabricating special fissionable material 
        suitable for use in a nuclear explosive device.
            (2) Increasing the transparency of international nuclear 
        commerce.
            (3) Examining the feasibility of increasing the scope of 
        safeguards to include all activities and facilities which could 
        significantly contribute to the acquisition or production of 
        nuclear explosive devices.
            (4) Improving the access of the IAEA to information about 
        the nuclear activities of member states of the IAEA.
            (5) Examining the practicality and advisability of the IAEA 
        conducting less frequent inspections at nuclear facilities in 
        member states which--
                    (A) provide advance consent for the IAEA to conduct 
                unrestricted, short notice inspections of any facility, 
                whether or not declared by the state;
                    (B) accept IAEA safeguards for the construction of 
                new facilities or the modification of existing 
                facilities which fall under the scope of IAEA 
                safeguards; and
                    (C) accept any inspectors of the IAEA who are 
                approved by the Board of Governors of the IAEA, agree 
                not to limit the number of such inspectors, and waive 
                visa requirements for such inspectors.

SEC. 4. AUTHORIZATION OF FUNDING.

    In addition to amounts otherwise made available for the IAEA, there 
are authorized to be appropriated $10,000,000 for fiscal year 1994 and 
$10,000,000 for fiscal year 1995, to the Department of State to carry 
out section 3(a), of which not more than $5,000,000 in each such fiscal 
year may be made available for the purpose set forth in section 
3(b)(2).

SEC. 5. REPORTING REQUIREMENT.

    (a) Report to Congress.--The President shall, in the report 
required by section 601(a) of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 
1978, describe--
            (1) the steps he has taken and plans to take to implement 
        each of the objectives set forth in section 3(d);
            (2) the progress that has been made and the obstacles that 
        have been encountered in seeking to meet the objectives set 
        forth in section 3(d);
            (3) any other steps he has taken or plans to take to 
        strengthen the implementation of IAEA safeguards;
            (4) the steps the IAEA has taken to implement each of the 
        objectives set forth in section 3(d); and
            (5) any other steps the IAEA has taken to strengthen the 
        implementation of IAEA safeguards.
    (b) Report on Funding.--Within one year after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the President shall submit to the Congress a 
report assessing what additional funds are required for the IAEA to 
implement the objectives set forth in section 3(d) and what funds the 
United States plans to contribute to the IAEA over the next 5 fiscal 
years.

SEC. 6. DEFINITIONS.

    As used in this Act--
            (1) the term ``IAEA'' means the International Atomic Energy 
        Agency;
            (2) the term ``non-nuclear-weapon state'' means any country 
        which is not a nuclear-weapon state, as defined by Article 
        IX(3) of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear 
        Weapons, signed at Washington, London, and Moscow on July 1, 
        1968;
            (3) the term ``nuclear-weapon state'' has the meaning given 
        to such term by Article IX(3) of such Treaty; and
            (4) the term ``special fissionable material'' has the 
        meaning given to such term by Article XX(1) of the Statute of 
        the International Atomic Energy Agency, done at the 
        Headquarters of the United Nations on October 26, 1956.