To amend titles 23 and 49, United States Code, to improve the effectiveness of transportation programs on Federal lands and to provide funding for park roads and parkways and the Paul S. Sarbanes Transit in Parks Program, and for other purposes.

Summary: Transportation Infrastructure Improvements on Federal Lands Act of 2010 - Makes eligible for federal-aid highway assistance preventive maintenance activities on federal lands highways the appropriate federal land management agency demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Secretary of Transportation (DOT) are a cost-effective means of extending the useful life of such a highway.

Authorizes the use of Federal Lands Highway Program funds for: (1) trails used primarily for transportation; and (2) maintenance of highways, roads, parkways, and trails used primarily for transportation located on public lands, national parks, and Indian reservations, provided such maintenance will improve the asset management of such facilities.

Sets the federal share of the cost of a high priority project located on public lands or an Indian reservation, or in a national park or wildlife refuge, at 100%.

Makes eligible for federal-aid highway assistance any projects in the vicinity of a federally owned or managed park, refuge, or recreational area open to the general public (Paul S. Sarbanes Transit in Parks Program) that: (1) are part of an alternative transportation program in which implementation is expected to last more than one year; or (2) involve capital investment grants financing operating costs of fixed guideway projects and systems, buses and related equipment, and bus-related facilities for which capital investment grant assistance has been provided.

Earmarks 60% of funds made available to the Paul S. Sarbanes Transit in Parks Program each fiscal year for qualified alternative transportation projects in national parks.

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Transportation Infrastructure 
Improvements on Federal Lands Act of 2010''.

SEC. 2. FEDERAL LANDS HIGHWAYS.

    (a) Preventive Maintenance.--Section 116(d) of title 23, United 
States Code, is amended--
            (1) by inserting after ``the State'' the following: ``or 
        the appropriate Federal land management agency''; and
            (2) by inserting after ``a Federal-aid highway'' the 
        following: ``or a Federal lands highway''.
    (b) Use of Funds.--Section 204(b)(1) of title 23, United States 
Code, is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (A)--
                    (A) by inserting after ``parkways,'' the following: 
                ``trails that are principally for transportation 
                purposes,''; and
                    (B) by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (2) in subparagraph (B) by striking the period at the end 
        and inserting ``; and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(C) maintenance of highways, roads, parkways, and 
                trails that are principally for transportation purposes 
                located on public lands, national parks, and Indian 
                reservations (in accordance with the safety, bridge, 
                and pavement management systems established under 
                subsection (a)(6)), if the Secretary of the appropriate 
                Federal land management agency demonstrates to the 
                satisfaction of the Secretary that such maintenance 
                will improve the asset management of such 
                facilities.''.
    (c) Funding.--There is authorized to be appropriated out of the 
Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account) for park roads 
and parkways under section 204 of title 23, United States Code--
            (1) $500,000,000 for fiscal year 2011;
            (2) $550,000,000 for fiscal year 2012;
            (3) $605,000,000 for fiscal year 2013;
            (4) $665,000,000 for fiscal year 2014;
            (5) $730,000,000 for fiscal year 2015; and
            (6) $800,000,000 for fiscal year 2016.

SEC. 3. HIGH PRIORITY PROJECTS PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--Section 117(d) of title 23, United States Code, is 
amended by inserting after ``thereof;'' the following: ``except that 
the Federal share of the cost of any portion of a project that is 
located on public lands or an Indian reservation, or in a national park 
or wildlife refuge, shall be 100 percent and''.
    (b) Effective Date.--The amendment made by subsection (a) shall 
apply to projects authorized after the date of enactment of this Act.

SEC. 4. ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORTATION IN PARKS AND PUBLIC LANDS.

    (a) Qualified Project.--Section 5320(c)(5) of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended--
            (1) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A) by inserting 
        after ``or capital project'' the following: ``, or a project 
        described in subparagraph (H),'';
            (2) in subparagraph (E) by striking the ``or'' at the end;
            (3) in subparagraph (F) by striking the period at the end 
        and inserting a semicolon; and
            (4) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(G) is part of a comprehensive alternative 
                transportation program designed to meet the transit 
                needs of an eligible area and with respect to which 
                implementation is expected to last more than one year; 
                or
                    ``(H) involves financing the costs associated with 
                operating fixed guideway projects and systems, buses 
                and related equipment, and bus-related facilities for 
                which assistance has been provided under section 
                5309(b).''.
    (b) Authorizations.--
            (1) In general.--There shall be available from the Mass 
        Transit Account of the Highway Trust Fund to carry out section 
        5320--
                    (A) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2011;
                    (B) $110,000,000 for fiscal year 2012;
                    (C) $121,000,000 for fiscal year 2013;
                    (D) $133,000,000 for fiscal year 2014;
                    (E) $146,000,000 for fiscal year 2015; and
                    (F) $161,000,000 for fiscal year 2016.
            (2) Projects in national parks.--Of amounts made available 
        to carry out section 5320 for each fiscal year specified under 
        paragraph (1), not less than 60 percent of such amounts shall 
        be for qualified projects in national parks.
            (3) Grants as contractual obligations.--Amounts made 
        available from the Mass Transit Account of the Highway Trust 
        Fund pursuant to this section shall be treated as having been 
        made available pursuant to section 5338 of title 49, United 
        States Code, for purposes of subsection (f) of that section.