District of Columbia Building Heights Act of 1994

Summary: District of Columbia Building Heights Act of 1994 - Amends the District of Columbia Code to revise provisions with respect to street widths controlling building heights in the District to require that if the alignment (currently, course) of streets forming an intersection is not interrupted by a public space or reservation confronting a building, the limit of height of the building shall be determined from the width of the widest street, avenue, or highway.  Defines "street" to mean any road, avenue, drive, cart way, or other route open to the public as a regular right-of-way, but not an alley. 
Replaces provisions allowing the heights of spires, towers, domes, minarets, pinnacles, penthouses over elevator shafts, ventilation shafts, chimneys, smokestacks, and fire sprinkler tanks to exceed mandatory limitations with provisions allowing roof structures that are not constructed or used for human occupancy to be erected to a greater height than any mandatory limit for the District with the Mayor's approval, provided that:  (1) the roof structure must not be higher than 18.5 feet above the roof upon which it is located; (2) it must be fireproof; (3) the area of such a structure must not exceed one third of the total roof area for those districts where there is a limitation on the number of stories or one-half of the total roof area for any other districts; (4) there may be an increase in the allowable floor area ratio for such a structure of not more than 25 percent; (5) such structure shall be set back from the exterior or bounding walls of the building upon which the structure is placed at distances equal to its height above the adjacent roof; (6) an exterior or bounding wall of a building is any wall having a dimension of four feet or more in height or horizontal depth exposed to the outside (without regard to whether the wall abuts another structure); and (7) a skylight shall not be considered a roof structure if it is less than five feet in height. 
Increases the fine for violation of:  (1) the Act to not more than $10,000 per day (currently, not less than ten dollars nor more than $100 per day); and (2) a court injunction resulting from such violation to not more than $100,000 (currently, not less than $100 nor more than $500). 
Requires the approval of the National Capital Planning Commission (NCPC) and the Mayor before a roof structure of any building in the District can exceed building height limitations. Allows the NCPC or any of its members to request a determination of whether any building proposed to be constructed in the District meets mandatory requirements. 
Allows the NCPC to file charges in the Superior Court of the District of Columbia against an individual who violates building height requirements and to maintain an action in such Court to abate and perpetually enjoin such nuisance. 
Provides that the NCPC and each of its members shall have standing to enforce any limitation on the heights of buildings and structures in the District.

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``District of Columbia Building 
Heights Act of 1994''.

SEC. 2. LIMITATIONS ON HEIGHT OF BUILDINGS IN DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

    (a) Use of Street Width to Determine Maximum Height of Building.--
Section 5(a) of the Act entitled ``An Act to regulate the height of 
buildings in the District of Columbia'', approved June 1, 1910 (sec. 5-
405(a), D.C. Code), is amended--
            (1) by striking ``the course of which'' and inserting ``the 
        alignment of which''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following: ``For purposes of 
        this subsection, a `street' includes any road, avenue, drive, 
        cart way, or other route open to the public as a regular right-
        of-way, but does not include an alley.''.
    (b) Limitations on Size and Height of Roof Structures.--Section 
5(h) of such Act (sec. 5-405(h), D.C. Code) is amended by striking 
``Spires, towers,'' and all that follows through ``the adjacent roof:'' 
and inserting the following: ``Roof structures that are not constructed 
or used for human occupancy (including structures housing machinery or 
equipment) may be erected to a greater height than any limit otherwise 
prescribed in this Act if approved by the Mayor of the District of 
Columbia, except that in no event may a roof structure be higher than 
18 \1/2\ feet above the roof upon which it is located: Provided, that 
such structures when above such limit shall be fireproof: Provided 
further, that the area of such a structure may not exceed \1/3\ of the 
total roof area for those districts where there is a limitation on the 
number of stories or \1/2\ of the total roof area for any other 
districts: Provided further, that there may be an increase in the 
allowable floor area ratio for such a structure of not more than 0.25: 
Provided further, that such a structure shall be set back from the 
exterior or bounding walls of the building upon which the structure is 
placed at distances equal to the structure's height above the adjacent 
roof: Provided further, that for purposes of this subsection, an 
`exterior or bounding wall' of a building is any wall having a 
dimension of 4 feet or more in height or horizontal depth exposed to 
the outside (without regard to whether the wall abuts another 
structure), and a `roof' is the exterior surface and supporting 
structure on the top of a building: Provided further, that for purposes 
of this subsection a skylight shall not be considered a roof structure 
if it is less than 5 feet in height:''.
    (c) Increase in Penalties for Violations.--
            (1) General penalty for violation.--Section 8 of such Act 
        (sec. 5-408, D.C. Code) is amended by striking ``not less than 
        $10 nor more than $100 per day'' and inserting ``not more than 
        $10,000 per day''.
            (2) Penalty for violation of injunction.--Section 8 of such 
        Act (sec. 5-408, D.C. Code) is amended by striking ``not less 
        than $100 nor more than $500,'' and inserting ``not more than 
        $100,000,''.

SEC. 3. INCREASE IN AUTHORITY OF NATIONAL CAPITAL PLANNING COMMISSION 
              TO ENFORCE BUILDING HEIGHT LIMITATIONS.

    (a) Requiring NCPC Approval for Roof Structures Exceeding General 
Limitations.--
            (1) In general.--Section 5(h) of the Act entitled ``An Act 
        to regulate the height of buildings in the District of 
        Columbia'', approved June 1, 1910 (sec. 5-405(h), D.C. Code), 
        as amended by section 2(b), is amended by striking ``Mayor of 
        the District of Columbia,'' and inserting ``Mayor of the 
        District of Columbia and the National Capital Planning 
        Commission,''.
            (2) Conforming amendment.--Section 5(c) of the Act entitled 
        ``An Act providing for a comprehensive development of the park 
        and playground system of the National Capital'', approved June 
        6, 1924 (sec. 1-2004(c), D.C. Code; 40 U.S.C. 71d(c)), is 
        amended--
                    (A) by inserting after ``the Council,'' the 
                following: ``and to include the approval of the height 
                of any roof structure of any building in the District 
                of Columbia (as described in section 5(h) of the Act 
                entitled `An Act to regulate the height of buildings in 
                the District of Columbia', approved June 1, 1910),''; 
                and
                    (B) by striking the period at the end and inserting 
                the following: ``, and its approval or disapproval 
                respecting any such height within 45 days after the day 
                it was submitted to the Commission.''.
    (b) Permitting NCPC or Members to Request NCPC Approval of Height 
of Any Building in District.--Section 5(c) of the Act entitled ``An Act 
providing for a comprehensive development of the park and playground 
system of the National Capital'', approved June 6, 1924 (sec. 1-
2004(c), D.C. Code; 40 U.S.C. 71d(c)), as amended by subsection (a)(2), 
is amended by inserting after ``June 1, 1910),'' the following: ``and, 
at the request of the Commission or any of its members, the 
determination of whether the height of any building proposed to be 
constructed in the District of Columbia meets the requirements of such 
Act,''.
    (c) Providing Standing for NCPC or Members to Enforce Building 
Height Limitations.--
            (1) Authority under building heights act.--Section 8 of the 
        Act entitled ``An Act to regulate the height of buildings in 
        the District of Columbia'', approved June 1, 1910 (sec. 5-408, 
        D.C. Code), is amended--
                    (A) in the first sentence, by striking ``his 
                assistants'' and inserting ``his assistants, or by the 
                National Capital Planning Commission or any of its 
                members,''; and
                    (B) in the second sentence, by inserting after 
                ``District of Columbia'' the first place it appears the 
                following: ``or the National Capital Planning 
                Commission or any of its members''.
            (2) Authority of commission.--Section 5 of the Act entitled 
        ``An Act providing for a comprehensive development of the park 
        and playground system of the National Capital'', approved June 
        6, 1924 (sec. 1-2004, D.C. Code; 40 U.S.C. 71d) is amended by 
        adding at the end the following new subsection:
    ``(f) The Commission and each of its members shall have standing to 
enforce any limitation on the heights of buildings and structures in 
the District of Columbia described in the Act entitled `An Act to 
regulate the height of buildings in the District of Columbia', approved 
June 1, 1910.''.
            (3) Conforming amendment.--Section 11 of the Act of June 
        20, 1938 (52 Stat. 801; sec. 5-427, D.C. Code) is amended by 
        adding at the end the following: ``Nothing in this section 
        shall be construed to limit the standing of the National 
        Capital Planning Commission or its members to enforce any 
        limitation on the heights of buildings and structures in the 
        District of Columbia pursuant to section 5(f) of the Act 
        entitled `An Act providing for a comprehensive development of 
        the park and playground system of the National Capital', 
        approved June 6, 1924.''.

SEC. 4. EFFECTIVE DATE.

    The amendments made by this Act shall apply with respect to 
buildings or structures in the District of Columbia for which building 
permits are issued on or after March 23, 1994.