OPEN Act

Summary:  Openness in Political Expenditures Now Act or OPEN Act   This bill amends the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 to require a corporation that submits regular, periodic reports to its shareholders to include in each such report specified information on disbursements it has made for certain political activity (including independent expenditures and electioneering communications) during the period covered by the report. The amount of disbursements reported, however, is limited to the amount that equals or exceeds the applicable threshold for the covered political activity.  &quot;Applicable threshold" for a disbursement is defined as: (1) $250 for an independent expenditure, (2) $10,000 for an electioneering communication or another kind of communication meeting specified criteria, and (3) the amount of the applicable limitation on contributions in effect for payment of dues or other amounts to a trade association or to a tax-exempt social welfare organization.  A Corporation reporting such expenditures shall: (1) file a statement about them with the Election Assistance Commission (EAC), and (2) post on its website (if any) a hyperlink from its homepage to this statement on the EAC website.  This bill amends the Internal Revenue Code to deny a tax exemption for a social welfare organization if: (1) its expenditures for the taxable year for covered political activity exceed the lesser of 10% of its total expenditures or $10 million, or (2) its governing instrument does not effectively prohibit its expenditures for a covered political activity from exceeding these thresholds.

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Openness in Political Expenditures 
Now Act'' or the ``OPEN Act''.

SEC. 2. DISCLOSURE BY CORPORATIONS TO SHAREHOLDERS OF DISBURSEMENTS FOR 
              POLITICAL ACTIVITY.

    (a) Disclosure Required.--Title III of the Federal Election 
Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30101 et seq.) is amended by adding at 
the end the following new section:

``SEC. 325. DISCLOSURES BY CORPORATIONS TO SHAREHOLDERS OF INFORMATION 
              ON DISBURSEMENTS FOR CERTAIN POLITICAL ACTIVITY.

    ``(a) Including Information in Regular Periodic Reports.--
            ``(1) In general.--A corporation which submits regular, 
        periodic reports to its shareholders shall include in each such 
        report, in a clear and conspicuous manner, the information 
        described in paragraph (2) with respect to the disbursements 
        made by the corporation for covered political activity during 
        the period covered by the report, but only if the amount of the 
        disbursement made for such activity during the period covered 
        by the report equals or exceeds the applicable threshold for 
        the activity described in paragraph (3).
            ``(2) Information described.--The information described in 
        this paragraph is, for each disbursement for covered political 
        activity--
                    ``(A) the date of the disbursement;
                    ``(B) the amount of the disbursement;
                    ``(C) in the case of a disbursement consisting of 
                an independent expenditure or an electioneering 
                communication, or in the case of a covered political 
                activity described in subsection (c)(3), the name of 
                the candidate identified in the independent expenditure 
                or electioneering communication involved, the 
                Commission ID assigned to the candidate, and the office 
                sought by the candidate; and
                    ``(D) in the case of a covered political activity 
                described in subsection (c)(4), the identification of 
                the association or organization to whom the 
                disbursement was made, and the Commission ID (if any) 
                assigned to the association or organization.
            ``(3) Applicable threshold for disclosure.--For purposes of 
        paragraph (1), the `applicable threshold' with respect to a 
        disbursement for covered political activity during a period 
        covered by a report is as follows:
                    ``(A) In the case of covered political activity 
                consisting of an independent expenditure, $250.
                    ``(B) In the case of covered political activity 
                consisting of an electioneering communication or a 
                communication described in subsection (c)(3), $10,000.
                    ``(C) In the case of covered political activity 
                consisting of a payment described in subsection (c)(4), 
                the amount of the limitation on contributions which is 
                in effect under section 315(a)(1)(C) as of the last day 
                of the period.
    ``(b) Submission of Statement to Commission.--
            ``(1) Submission of statement.--If a corporation includes 
        information in a report pursuant to this section, at the time 
        the corporation submits the report to its shareholders, the 
        corporation shall file a statement with the Commission 
        consisting of the information included in the report pursuant 
        to this section.
            ``(2) Hyperlink to information.--
                    ``(A) Requiring posting of hyperlink.--If a 
                corporation maintains an Internet site, the corporation 
                shall post on such Internet site a hyperlink from its 
                homepage to the location on the Internet site of the 
                Commission which contains the statement filed by the 
                corporation under paragraph (1).
                    ``(B) Deadline; duration of posting.--The 
                corporation shall post the hyperlink described in 
                subparagraph (A) not later than 24 hours after the 
                Commission posts the statement filed by the corporation 
                under paragraph (1) on the Internet site of the 
                Commission, and shall ensure that the hyperlink remains 
                on the Internet site of the corporation until the 
                expiration of the 1-year period which begins on the 
                date of the election with respect to which the 
                disbursements included in the statement are made.
    ``(c) Covered Political Activity Defined.--In this section, the 
term `covered political activity' means each of the following:
            ``(1) An independent expenditure (as defined in section 
        301(17)).
            ``(2) An electioneering communication (as defined in 
        section 304(f)(3)).
            ``(3) A communication which would be treated as an 
        electioneering communication under section 304(f)(3) if the 
        communication had been a broadcast, cable, or satellite 
        communication.
            ``(4) The payment of dues or other amounts to a trade 
        association or to a section 501(c)(4) organization.
    ``(d) Other Definitions.--In this section, the following 
definitions apply:
            ``(1) The term `corporation' means any corporation which is 
        subject to section 316(a).
            ``(2) The term `section 501(c)(4) organization' means any 
        organization described in paragraph (4) of section 501(c) of 
        the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from tax under 
        section 501(a) of such Code.''.
    (b) Effective Date.--The amendment made by subsection (a) shall 
apply with respect to reports described in section 325(a)(1) of the 
Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (as added by subsection (a)) 
which are filed after the expiration of the 90-day period which begins 
on the date of the enactment of this Act.

SEC. 3. LIMITATION ON ENGAGING IN COVERED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES BY 
              SOCIAL WELFARE ORGANIZATIONS.

    (a) In General.--Section 501(c)(4) of the Internal Revenue Code of 
1986 is amended by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(C)(i) Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to an 
                entity for a taxable year if the total expenditures of 
                such entity for the taxable year for covered political 
                activity exceed the lesser of--
                            ``(I) 10 percent of the total expenditures 
                        of such entity for the taxable year, or
                            ``(II) $10,000,000.
                    ``(ii) Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to an 
                entity for a taxable year unless its governing 
                instrument includes provisions the effects of which are 
                to prohibit the expenditures of the entity for a 
                covered political activity from exceeding the threshold 
                specified in clause (i).
                    ``(iii) For purposes of this subparagraph, the term 
                `covered political activity' means--
                            ``(I) any activity described in paragraphs 
                        (1) through (3) of section 325(c) of the 
                        Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971; and
                            ``(II) any payment by the entity to any 
                        other entity described in this paragraph or to 
                        an organization described in paragraph (6) 
                        which the payor entity knows, or has reason to 
                        know, will be used directly or indirectly by 
                        the payee entity or organization for any 
                        activity referred to in subclause (I).
                    ``(iv) Clause (i) shall not apply for a taxable 
                year for which the 10 percent threshold specified in 
                clause (i)(I) is exceeded by not more than a de minimis 
                amount if the Secretary determines that the reason for 
                exceeding the threshold was not willful and is due to 
                reasonable cause.
                    ``(v) The Secretary shall prescribe such 
                regulations as may be necessary or appropriate to 
                prevent the avoidance of clause (i), including 
                regulations relating to a direct or indirect transfer 
                of all or part of the assets of an entity to an entity 
                controlled (directly or indirectly) by the same person 
                or persons who control the transferor entity.''.
    (b) Effective Date.--The amendment made by subsection (a) shall 
apply to taxable years beginning after the date of the enactment of 
this Act.

SEC. 4. SEVERABILITY.

    If any provision of this Act or amendment made by this Act, or the 
application of a provision or amendment to any person or circumstance, 
is held to be unconstitutional, the remainder of this Act and 
amendments made by this Act, and the application of the provisions and 
amendment to any person or circumstance, shall not be affected by the 
holding.