Comprehensive TB Elimination Act of 2018

Summary: Comprehensive TB Elimination Act of 2018 This bill amends the Public Health Service Act to reauthorize for FY2018-FY2023 and revise the tuberculosis (TB) prevention and treatment grant program administered by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The Health Resources and Services Administration may also award grants to state and local governments and federally-qualified health centers for TB prevention and treatment efforts.  Additionally, the Government Accountability Office must report on national TB prevention and treatment efforts.

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Comprehensive TB Elimination Act of 
2018''.

SEC. 2. NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR COMBATING AND ELIMINATING TUBERCULOSIS.

    (a) In General.--Section 317E of the Public Health Service Act (42 
U.S.C. 247b-6) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) by striking ``The Secretary'' and inserting the 
                following:
            ``(1) Grants.--The Secretary''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Priority.--In making grants under this subsection, 
        the Secretary may give priority to awarding grants to State 
        health departments proposing to focus on the prevention, 
        control, and elimination of tuberculosis in high-risk 
        populations, including foreign-born, homeless, incarcerated, 
        HIV-tuberculosis coinfected, and medically underserved 
        populations.'';
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (3)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (C), by redesignating 
                        clauses (i) and (ii) as subclauses (I) and 
                        (II), respectively, and adjusting the margins 
                        accordingly; and
                            (ii) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) 
                        through (F) as clauses (i) through (vi), 
                        respectively, and adjusting the margins 
                        accordingly;
                    (B) by redesignating paragraphs (1) through (8) as 
                subparagraphs (A) through (H), respectively, and 
                adjusting the margins accordingly;
                    (C) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), as so 
                redesignated, by striking ``With respect to'' and 
                inserting the following:
            ``(1) In general.--With respect to''; and
                    (D) by striking subparagraph (B), as so 
                redesignated, and inserting the following:
                    ``(B) Research, investigations, experiments, 
                demonstrations, and studies in the health sciences that 
                are related to--
                            ``(i) the development of new therapeutics, 
                        including vaccines and antimicrobial drugs, to 
                        prevent and treat tuberculosis;
                            ``(ii) novel therapeutics for special 
                        populations, including pediatric populations, 
                        immunosuppressed individuals, and pregnant 
                        women;
                            ``(iii) the development or testing of 
                        medical diagnostics to detect tuberculosis;
                            ``(iv) public health interventions to 
                        address the epidemiology, mechanisms, and 
                        pathogenesis of tuberculosis, such as directly 
                        observed therapy and non-pharmaceutical 
                        intervention;
                            ``(v) methods to enhance detection and 
                        response to outbreaks of tuberculosis, 
                        including multidrug resistant tuberculosis; and
                            ``(vi) other relevant research areas.'';
                    (E) in subparagraph (C), as so redesignated--
                            (i) by redesignating clause (vi), as so 
                        redesignated, as clause (vii);
                            (ii) in clause (v), as so redesignated, by 
                        striking ``; and'' and inserting ``;''; and
                            (iii) by inserting after clause (v), as so 
                        redesignated, the following:
                            ``(vi) the intensification of efforts to 
                        prevent, detect, and treat latent tuberculosis; 
                        and'';
                    (F) in subparagraph (D), as so redesignated, by 
                inserting before the period the following: ``, 
                including public awareness campaigns and development of 
                educational, risk, and media communications.'';
                    (G) in subparagraph (F), as so redesignated, by 
                striking ``paragraphs (1) through (4)'' and inserting 
                ``subparagraphs (A) through (D)''; and
                    (H) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Selection.--In carrying out the activities described 
        in paragraph (1), the Secretary--
                    ``(A) is encouraged to give priority to 
                programmatically relevant research so that new tools 
                can be utilized in public health practice; and
                    ``(B) may seek input from the Biomedical Advanced 
                Research and Development Authority in identifying novel 
                candidates to utilize in the efforts under this 
                subsection to prevent, diagnose, and control 
                tuberculosis.'';
            (3) by redesignating subsections (c) through (h) as 
        subsections (d) through (i), respectively;
            (4) by inserting after subsection (b) the following--
    ``(c) Grants for Coordination of Programs and Services for 
Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment.--
            ``(1) Grants.--The Secretary, acting through the 
        Administrator of the Health Resources and Services 
        Administration, may award grants to State and local governments 
        and Federally qualified health centers for coordinating the 
        programs and services of such States, governments, and centers 
        to ensure timely and appropriate prevention, risk-based 
        screening, diagnosis, and treatment of latent and active 
        tuberculosis.
            ``(2) Definition.--In this subsection, the term `Federally 
        qualified health center' has the meaning given to such term in 
        section 1861(aa) of the Social Security Act.'';
            (5) in subsections (d), (e), and (f), as so redesignated, 
        by striking ``(a) or (b)'' each place it appears and inserting 
        ``(a), (b), or (c)'';
            (6) in subsection (g)(4), as so redesignated, by adding at 
        the end the following:
                    ``(C) Report to congress.--The Secretary is 
                encouraged to make the reports under subparagraph (A), 
                or other publications relevant to domestic tuberculosis 
                surveillance, publicly available on the Internet 
                website of the Centers for Disease Control and 
                Prevention and disseminate such information to 
                stakeholders.'';
            (7) in subsection (h), as so redesignated--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by striking ``research into new tools 
                        under subsection (b)(2)'' and inserting ``the 
                        research, investigations, experiments, 
                        demonstrations, and studies in health science 
                        under subsection (b)(1)(B)''; and
                            (ii) by inserting ``ensuring access to the 
                        products developed as a result of such 
                        research, investigations, experiments, 
                        demonstrations, and studies and'' after 
                        ``advice regarding''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (3)--
                            (i) by redesignating subparagraphs (D) and 
                        (E) as subparagraphs (E) and (F), respectively; 
                        and
                            (ii) by inserting after subparagraph (C) 
                        the following:
                    ``(D) members of the Biomedical Advanced Research 
                and Development Authority;''; and
            (8) in subsection (i)(1)(A), as so redesignated, by 
        striking ``$200,000,000'' and all that follows through the 
        period and inserting ``$142,200,000 for fiscal year 2018, 
        $195,700,000 for fiscal year 2019, $225,000,000 for fiscal year 
        2020, $236,250,000 for fiscal year 2021, $248,062,500 for 
        fiscal year 2022, and $260,465,625 for fiscal year 2023.''.
    (b) NIH Tuberculosis Activities.--Section 424C(b) of the Public 
Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 285b-7c(b)) is amended by striking 
paragraph (1) and inserting the following:
            ``(1) enhancing basic, clinical, and operational research 
        on tuberculosis, including with respect to--
                    ``(A) drug-resistant tuberculosis;
                    ``(B) infection with tuberculosis and latency and 
                progression of tuberculosis; and
                    ``(C) pediatric tuberculosis;''.

SEC. 3. GAO STUDY.

    Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Comptroller General of the United States shall issue a report on the 
coordination of efforts in the United States to--
            (1) prevent, control, and eliminate tuberculosis; and
            (2) implement the activities under section 317E of the 
        Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 247b-6), as amended by 
        this Act, and the National Action Plan for Combating Multidrug-
        Resistant Tuberculosis, issued in December 2015.