Medical Nutrition Equity Act of 2017

Summary: Medical Nutrition Equity Act of 2017 This bill provides for coverage, under Medicare, Medicaid, other specified federal health-care programs, and private health insurance,&nbsp;of foods and vitamins that are medically necessary for the management of&nbsp;certain digestive and metabolic disorders&nbsp;and conditions. 

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Medical Nutrition Equity Act of 
2017''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    Congress finds the following:
            (1) Specialized food is often medically necessary for the 
        safe and effective management of many digestive and inherited 
        metabolic disorders that impact digestion, absorption, and 
        metabolism of nutrients.
            (2) Although medically necessary food is essential for 
        patients, it is often expensive and not uniformly reimbursed by 
        health insurance, leaving many families with an insurmountable 
        financial burden.
            (3) As a result, many patients who cannot afford medically 
        necessary food may experience adverse health consequences from 
        suboptimal disease management, including hospitalization, 
        intellectual impairment, behavioral dysfunction, inadequate 
        growth, nutrient deficiencies, and even death.

SEC. 3. COVERAGE OF MEDICALLY NECESSARY FOOD AND VITAMINS FOR DIGESTIVE 
              AND INHERITED METABOLIC DISORDERS UNDER FEDERAL HEALTH 
              PROGRAMS AND PRIVATE HEALTH INSURANCE.

    (a) Coverage Under the Medicare Program.--
            (1) Medically necessary food.--
                    (A) In general.--Section 1861(s)(2) of the Social 
                Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395x(s)(2)) is amended--
                            (i) in subparagraph (FF), by striking 
                        ``and'' at the end;
                            (ii) in subparagraph (GG), by inserting 
                        ``and'' at the end; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following 
                        new subparagraph:
            ``(HH) medically necessary food (as defined in subsection 
        (jjj)) and the medical equipment and supplies necessary to 
        administer such food (other than medical equipment and supplies 
        described in subsection (n));''.
                    (B) Definition.--Section 1861 of the Social 
                Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395x) is amended by adding at 
                the end the following new subsection:

                       ``Medically Necessary Food

    ``(jjj)(1) Subject to paragraph (2), the term `medically necessary 
food' means food, including a low protein modified food product and an 
amino acid preparation product, that is--
            ``(A) furnished pursuant to the prescription, order, or 
        recommendation (as applicable) of a physician or other health 
        care professional qualified to make such prescription, order, 
        or recommendation, for the dietary management of a covered 
        disease or condition;
            ``(B) a specially formulated and processed product (as 
        opposed to a naturally occurring foodstuff used in its natural 
        state) for the partial or exclusive feeding of an individual by 
        means of oral intake or enteral feeding by tube;
            ``(C) intended for the dietary management of an individual 
        who, because of therapeutic or chronic medical needs, has 
        limited or impaired capacity to ingest, digest, absorb, or 
        metabolize ordinary foodstuffs or certain nutrients, or who has 
        other special medically determined nutrient requirements, the 
        dietary management of which cannot be achieved by the 
        modification of the normal diet alone;
            ``(D) intended to be used under medical supervision, which 
        may include in a home setting; and
            ``(E) intended only for an individual receiving active and 
        ongoing medical supervision wherein the individual requires 
        medical care on a recurring basis for, among other things, 
        instructions on the use of the food.
    ``(2) For purposes of paragraph (1), the term `medically necessary 
food' does not include the following:
            ``(A) Foods taken as part of an overall diet designed to 
        reduce the risk of a disease or medical condition or as weight 
        loss products, even if they are recommended by a physician or 
        other health professional.
            ``(B) Foods marketed as gluten-free for the management of 
        celiac disease or non-celiac gluten sensitivity.
            ``(C) Foods marketed for the management of diabetes.
            ``(D) Other products determined appropriate by the 
        Secretary.
    ``(3) In this subsection, the term `covered disease or condition' 
means the following diseases or conditions:
            ``(A) Inherited metabolic disorders, including the 
        following:
                    ``(i) Disorders classified as metabolic disorders 
                on the Recommended Uniform Screening Panel Core 
                Conditions list of the Secretary of Health and Human 
                Services' Advisory Committee on Heritable Disorders in 
                Newborns and Children.
                    ``(ii) N-acetyl glutamate synthase deficiency.
                    ``(iii) Ornithine transcarbamlyase deficiency.
                    ``(iv) Carbamoyl phosphate synthestase deficiency.
                    ``(v) Inherited disorders of mitochondrial 
                functioning.
            ``(B) Medical and surgical conditions of malabsorption, 
        including the following:
                    ``(i) Impaired absorption of nutrients caused by 
                disorders affecting the absorptive surface, functional 
                length, and motility of the gastrointestinal tract, 
                including short bowel syndrome and chronic intestinal 
                pseudo-obstruction.
                    ``(ii) Malabsorption due to liver or pancreatic 
                disease.
            ``(C) Immunoglobulin E and non-Immunoglobulin E-mediated 
        allergies to food proteins, including the following:
                    ``(i) Immunoglobulin E and non-Immunoglobulin E-
                mediated allergies to food proteins.
                    ``(ii) Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome.
                    ``(iii) Eosinophilic disorders, including 
                eosinophilic esophagitis, eosinophilic gastroenteritis, 
                eosinophilic colitis, and post-transplant eosinophilic 
                disorders.
            ``(D) Inflammatory or immune mediated conditions of the 
        alimentary tract, including the following:
                    ``(i) Inflammatory bowel disease, including Crohn's 
                disease, ulcerative colitis, and indeterminate colitis.
                    ``(ii) Gastroesophageal reflux disease that is 
                nonresponsive to standard medical therapies.
            ``(E) Any other disease or condition determined appropriate 
        by the Secretary.
    ``(4) In this subsection, the term ` low protein modified food 
product' means a product formulated to have less than one gram of 
protein per serving.''.
                    (C) Payment.--Section 1833(a)(1) of the Social 
                Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395l(a)(1)) is amended--
                            (i) by striking ``and'' before ``(BB)''; 
                        and
                            (ii) by inserting before the semicolon at 
                        the end the following: ``, and (CC) with 
                        respect to medically necessary food (as defined 
                        in section 1861(jjj)), the amount paid shall be 
                        an amount equal to 80 percent of the lesser of 
                        the actual charge for the services or the 
                        amount determined under a fee schedule 
                        established by the Secretary for purposes of 
                        this subparagraph.''.
                    (D) Effective date.--The amendments made by this 
                subsection shall apply to items and services furnished 
                on or after the date that is 1 year after the date of 
                the enactment of this Act.
            (2) Inclusion of medically necessary vitamins as a covered 
        part d drug.--
                    (A) In general.--Section 1860D-2(e)(1) of the 
                Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395w-102(e)(1)) is 
                amended--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``or'' 
                        at the end;
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking the 
                        comma at the end and inserting ``; or''; and
                            (iii) by inserting after subparagraph (B) 
                        the following new subparagraph:
                    ``(C) medically necessary vitamins used for the 
                management of a covered disease or condition (as 
                defined in section 1861(jjj)(3)) pursuant to the 
                prescription, order, or recommendation (as applicable) 
                of a physician or other health care professional 
                qualified to make such prescription, order, or 
                recommendation,''.
                    (B) Effective date.--The amendments made by 
                subparagraph (A) shall apply to plan years beginning on 
                or after the date that is 1 year after the date of the 
                enactment of this Act.
    (b) Coverage Under the Medicaid Program.--
            (1) In general.--Section 1905(a) of the Social Security Act 
        (42 U.S.C. 1396d(a)) is amended--
                    (A) in paragraph (28), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) by redesignating paragraph (29) as paragraph 
                (31); and
                    (C) by inserting after paragraph (28) the following 
                new paragraphs:
            ``(29) medically necessary food (as defined in section 
        1861(jjj)) and the medical equipment and supplies necessary to 
        administer such food;
            ``(30) medically necessary vitamins used for the management 
        of a covered disease or condition (as defined in section 
        1861(jjj)(3)) pursuant to the prescription, order, or 
        recommendation (as applicable) of a physician or other health 
        care professional qualified to make such prescription, order, 
        or recommendation; and''.
            (2) Conforming amendments.--
                    (A) Mandatory benefits.--Section 1902(a)(10)(A) of 
                the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1396a(a)(10)(A)) is 
                amended, in the matter preceding clause (i), by 
                striking ``and (28)'' and inserting ``(28), (29), and 
                (30)''.
                    (B) Exception to coverage restriction.--Section 
                1927(d)(2)(E) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 
                1396r-8(d)(2)(E)) is amended by inserting ``and except 
                for medically necessary vitamins described in section 
                1905(a)(30)'' before the period at the end.
            (3) Effective date.--
                    (A) In general.--Subject to subparagraph (B), the 
                amendments made by this subsection shall take effect on 
                the date that is 1 year after the date of the enactment 
                of this Act.
                    (B) Exception to effective date if state 
                legislation required.--In the case of a State plan for 
                medical assistance under title XIX of the Social 
                Security Act which the Secretary of Health and Human 
                Services determines requires State legislation (other 
                than legislation appropriating funds) in order for the 
                plan to meet the additional requirements imposed by the 
                amendments made by this subsection, the State plan 
                shall not be regarded as failing to comply with the 
                requirements of such title solely on the basis of its 
                failure to meet this additional requirement before the 
                first day of the first calendar quarter beginning after 
                the close of the first regular session of the State 
                legislature that begins after the date of the enactment 
                of this Act. For purposes of the previous sentence, in 
                the case of a State that has a 2-year legislative 
                session, each year of such session shall be deemed to 
                be a separate regular session of the State legislature.
    (c) Coverage Under CHIP.--
            (1) In general.--Section 2103(c) of the Social Security Act 
        (42 U.S.C. 1397cc(c)) is amended by adding at the end the 
        following:
            ``(9) Medically necessary food.--The child health 
        assistance provided to a targeted low-income child under the 
        plan shall include coverage of medically necessary food (as 
        defined in section 1861(jjj)) and the medical equipment and 
        supplies necessary to administer such food.
            ``(10) Certain vitamins.--The child health assistance 
        provided to a targeted low-income child under the plan shall 
        include coverage of medically necessary vitamins used for the 
        management of a covered disease or condition (as defined in 
        section 1861(jjj)(3)) pursuant to the prescription, order, or 
        recommendation (as applicable) of a physician or other health 
        care professional qualified to make such prescription, order, 
        or recommendation.''.
            (2) Conforming amendment.--Section 2103(a) of the Social 
        Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1397cc(a)) is amended, in the matter 
        preceding paragraph (1), by striking ``and (7)'' and inserting 
        ``(7), (9), and (10)''.
            (3) Effective date.--
                    (A) In general.--Subject to subparagraph (B), the 
                amendments made by this subsection shall take effect on 
                the date that is 1 year after the date of the enactment 
                of this Act.
                    (B) Exception to effective date if state 
                legislation required.--In the case of a State child 
                health plan for child health assistance under title XXI 
                of the Social Security Act which the Secretary of 
                Health and Human Services determines requires State 
                legislation (other than legislation appropriating 
                funds) in order for the plan to meet the additional 
                requirements imposed by the amendments made by this 
                subsection, the State child health plan shall not be 
                regarded as failing to comply with the requirements of 
                such title solely on the basis of its failure to meet 
                this additional requirement before the first day of the 
                first calendar quarter beginning after the close of the 
                first regular session of the State legislature that 
                begins after the date of the enactment of this Act. For 
                purposes of the previous sentence, in the case of a 
                State that has a 2-year legislative session, each year 
                of such session shall be deemed to be a separate 
                regular session of the State legislature.
    (d) Modification of Diseases and Conditions Covered Under TRICARE 
Program.--Section 1077(h)(3) of title 10, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``and'';
            (2) by redesignating subparagraph (E) as subparagraph (F); 
        and
            (3) by inserting after subparagraph (D) the following:
            ``(E) Immunoglobulin E or non-Immunoglobulin E mediated 
        allergies to food proteins.''.
    (e) Coverage Under FEHBP.--
            (1) In general.--Section 8902 of title 5, United States 
        Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(p) A contract for a plan under this chapter shall require the 
carrier to provide coverage for--
            ``(1) medically necessary food (as defined in section 
        1861(jjj) of the Social Security Act) and the medical equipment 
        and supplies necessary to administer such food; and
            ``(2) medically necessary vitamins in the same manner 
        provided for under section 1860D-2(e)(1)(C) of the Social 
        Security Act.''.
            (2) Effective date.--The amendment made by paragraph (1) 
        shall apply with respect to contract years beginning on or 
        after the date that is 1 year after the date of enactment of 
        this Act.
    (f) Coverage Under Private Health Insurance.--
            (1) In general.--Subpart II of part A of title XXVII of the 
        Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 300gg-11 et seq.) is 
        amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 2729. COVERAGE OF MEDICALLY NECESSARY FOOD AND VITAMINS.

    ``A health insurance issuer offering group or individual health 
insurance coverage shall provide coverage for--
            ``(1) medically necessary food (as defined in section 
        1861(jjj) of the Social Security Act) and the medical equipment 
        and supplies necessary to administer such food; and
            ``(2) medically necessary vitamins in the same manner 
        provided for under section 1860D-2(e)(1)(C) of the Social 
        Security Act.''.
            (2) Effective date.--The amendment made by paragraph (1) 
        shall apply to plan years beginning on or after the date that 
        is 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act.