A bill to amend title 18, United States Code, with respect to child pornography and child exploitation offenses.

Summary: Child Protection Act of 2012 - Amends the federal criminal code to impose a fine and/or prison term of up to 20 years for transporting, receiving, distributing, selling, or possessing pornographic images of a child under the age of 12.

Requires a U.S. district court to issue a protective order prohibiting harassment or intimidation of a minor victim or witness if the court finds evidence that the conduct at issue is reasonably likely to adversely affect the willingness of the minor witness or victim to testify or otherwise participate in a federal criminal case or investigation.

Directs the U.S. Sentencing Commission to review and amend the federal sentencing guidelines and policy statements to ensure that such guidelines provide an additional penalty for sex trafficking of children and other child abuse crimes.

Allows the Director of the U.S. Marshals Service to issue an administrative subpoena for the investigation of unregistered sex offenders by the U.S. Marshals Service.

Amends the PROTECT Our Children Act of 2008 to: (1) double the amount that the Attorney General may award a non-law enforcement agency entity annually to establish and conduct training courses for National Internet Crimes Against Children Task Force Program task force members and other law enforcement officials, (2) require the Attorney General to designate a senior official at the Department of Justice (DOJ) with experience in investigating or prosecuting child exploitation cases as the National Coordinator for Child Exploitation Prevention and Interdiction to be responsible for coordinating the development of the National Strategy for Child Exploitation Prevention and Interdiction, (3) authorize appropriations for carrying out such strategy for FY2014-FY2018, (4) delete a requirement that the National Internet Crimes Against Children Data System identify high-priority suspects based on the volume of suspected criminal activity, and (5) require the Attorney General to report within 90 days after enactment of this Act on the status of the establishment of such System.

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Child Protection Act of 2012''.

SEC. 2. ENHANCED PENALTIES FOR POSSESSION OF CHILD PORNOGRAPHY.

    (a) Certain Activities Relating to Material Involving the Sexual 
Exploitation of Minors.--Section 2252(b)(2) of title 18, United States 
Code, is amended by inserting after ``but if'' the following: ``any 
visual depiction involved in the offense involved a prepubescent minor 
or a minor who had not attained 12 years of age, such person shall be 
fined under this title and imprisoned for not more than 20 years, or 
if''.
    (b) Certain Activities Relating to Material Constituting or 
Containing Child Pornography.--Section 2252A(b)(2) of title 18, United 
States Code, is amended by inserting after ``but, if'' the following: 
``any image of child pornography involved in the offense involved a 
prepubescent minor or a minor who had not attained 12 years of age, 
such person shall be fined under this title and imprisoned for not more 
than 20 years, or if''.

SEC. 3. PROTECTION OF CHILD WITNESSES.

    (a) Civil Action To Restrain Harassment of a Victim or Witness.--
Section 1514 of title 18, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by inserting ``or its own motion,'' 
                        after ``attorney for the Government,''; and
                            (ii) by inserting ``or investigation'' 
                        after ``Federal criminal case'' each place it 
                        appears;
                    (B) by redesignating paragraphs (2), (3), and (4) 
                as paragraphs (3), (4), and (5), respectively;
                    (C) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
            ``(2) In the case of a minor witness or victim, the court 
        shall issue a protective order prohibiting harassment or 
        intimidation of the minor victim or witness if the court finds 
        evidence that the conduct at issue is reasonably likely to 
        adversely affect the willingness of the minor witness or victim 
        to testify or otherwise participate in the Federal criminal 
        case or investigation. Any hearing regarding a protective order 
        under this paragraph shall be conducted in accordance with 
        paragraphs (1) and (3), except that the court may issue an ex 
        parte emergency protective order in advance of a hearing if 
        exigent circumstances are present. If such an ex parte order is 
        applied for or issued, the court shall hold a hearing not later 
        than 14 days after the date such order was applied for or is 
        issued.'';
                    (D) in paragraph (4), as so redesignated, by 
                striking ``(and not by reference to the complaint or 
                other document)''; and
                    (E) in paragraph (5), as so redesignated, in the 
                second sentence, by inserting before the period at the 
                end the following: ``, except that in the case of a 
                minor victim or witness, the court may order that such 
                protective order expires on the later of 3 years after 
                the date of issuance or the date of the eighteenth 
                birthday of that minor victim or witness''; and
            (2) by striking subsection (c) and inserting the following:
    ``(c) Whoever knowingly and intentionally violates or attempts to 
violate an order issued under this section shall be fined under this 
title, imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both.
    ``(d)(1) As used in this section--
            ``(A) the term `course of conduct' means a series of acts 
        over a period of time, however short, indicating a continuity 
        of purpose;
            ``(B) the term `harassment' means a serious act or course 
        of conduct directed at a specific person that--
                    ``(i) causes substantial emotional distress in such 
                person; and
                    ``(ii) serves no legitimate purpose;
            ``(C) the term `immediate family member' has the meaning 
        given that term in section 115 and includes grandchildren;
            ``(D) the term `intimidation' means a serious act or course 
        of conduct directed at a specific person that--
                    ``(i) causes fear or apprehension in such person; 
                and
                    ``(ii) serves no legitimate purpose;
            ``(E) the term `restricted personal information' has the 
        meaning given that term in section 119;
            ``(F) the term `serious act' means a single act of 
        threatening, retaliatory, harassing, or violent conduct that is 
        reasonably likely to influence the willingness of a victim or 
        witness to testify or participate in a Federal criminal case or 
        investigation; and
            ``(G) the term `specific person' means a victim or witness 
        in a Federal criminal case or investigation, and includes an 
        immediate family member of such a victim or witness.
    ``(2) For purposes of subparagraphs (B)(ii) and (D)(ii) of 
paragraph (1), a court shall presume, subject to rebuttal by the 
person, that the distribution or publication using the Internet of a 
photograph of, or restricted personal information regarding, a specific 
person serves no legitimate purpose, unless that use is authorized by 
that specific person, is for news reporting purposes, is designed to 
locate that specific person (who has been reported to law enforcement 
as a missing person), or is part of a government-authorized effort to 
locate a fugitive or person of interest in a criminal, antiterrorism, 
or national security investigation.''.
    (b) Sentencing Guidelines.--Pursuant to its authority under section 
994 of title 28, United States Code, and in accordance with this 
section, the United States Sentencing Commission shall review and, if 
appropriate, amend the Federal sentencing guidelines and policy 
statements to ensure--
            (1) that the guidelines provide an additional penalty 
        increase above the sentence otherwise applicable in Part J of 
        Chapter 2 of the Guidelines Manual if the defendant was 
        convicted of a violation of section 1591 of title 18, United 
        States Code, or chapters 109A, 109B, 110, or 117 of title 18, 
        United States Code; and
            (2) if the offense described in paragraph (1) involved 
        causing or threatening to cause physical injury to a person 
        under 18 years of age, in order to obstruct the administration 
        of justice, an additional penalty increase above the sentence 
        otherwise applicable in Part J of Chapter 2 of the Guidelines 
        Manual.

SEC. 4. SUBPOENAS TO FACILITATE THE ARREST OF FUGITIVE SEX OFFENDERS.

    (a) Administrative Subpoenas.--
            (1) In general.--Section 3486(a)(1) of title 18, United 
        States Code, is amended--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A)--
                            (i) in clause (i), by striking ``or'' at 
                        the end;
                            (ii) by redesignating clause (ii) as clause 
                        (iii); and
                            (iii) by inserting after clause (i) the 
                        following:
            ``(ii) an unregistered sex offender conducted by the United 
        States Marshals Service, the Director of the United States 
        Marshals Service; or''; and
                    (B) in subparagraph (D)--
                            (i) by striking ``paragraph, the term'' and 
                        inserting the following: ``paragraph--
            ``(i) the term'';
                            (ii) by striking the period at the end and 
                        inserting ``; and''; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(ii) the term `sex offender' means an individual required 
        to register under the Sex Offender Registration and 
        Notification Act (42 U.S.C. 16901 et seq.).''.
            (2) Technical and conforming amendments.--Section 3486(a) 
        of title 18, United States Code, is amended--
                    (A) in paragraph (6)(A), by striking ``United 
                State'' and inserting ``United States'';
                    (B) in paragraph (9), by striking ``(1)(A)(ii)'' 
                and inserting ``(1)(A)(iii)''; and
                    (C) in paragraph (10), by striking ``paragraph 
                (1)(A)(ii)'' and inserting ``paragraph (1)(A)(iii)''.
    (b) Judicial Subpoenas.--Section 566(e)(1) of title 28, United 
States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (2) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period at the end 
        and inserting ``; and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(C) issue administrative subpoenas in accordance with 
        section 3486 of title 18, solely for the purpose of 
        investigating unregistered sex offenders (as defined in such 
        section 3486).''.

SEC. 5. INCREASE IN FUNDING LIMITATION FOR TRAINING COURSES FOR ICAC 
              TASK FORCES.

    Section 102(b)(4)(B) of the PROTECT Our Children Act of 2008 (42 
U.S.C. 17612(b)(4)(B)) is amended by striking ``$2,000,000'' and 
inserting ``$4,000,000''.

SEC. 6. NATIONAL COORDINATOR FOR CHILD EXPLOITATION PREVENTION AND 
              INTERDICTION.

    Section 101(d)(1) of the PROTECT Our Children Act of 2008 (42 
U.S.C. 17611(d)(1)) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``to be responsible'' and inserting the 
        following: ``with experience in investigating or prosecuting 
        child exploitation cases as the National Coordinator for Child 
        Exploitation Prevention and Interdiction who shall be 
        responsible''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following: ``The National 
        Coordinator for Child Exploitation Prevention and Interdiction 
        shall be a position in the Senior Executive Service.''.

SEC. 7. REAUTHORIZATION OF ICAC TASK FORCES.

    Section 107(a) of the PROTECT Our Children Act of 2008 (42 U.S.C. 
17617(a)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (4), by striking ``and'';
            (2) in paragraph (5), by striking the period at the end; 
        and
            (3) by inserting after paragraph (5) the following:
            ``(6) $60,000,000 for fiscal year 2014;
            ``(7) $60,000,000 for fiscal year 2015;
            ``(8) $60,000,000 for fiscal year 2016;
            ``(9) $60,000,000 for fiscal year 2017; and
            ``(10) $60,000,000 for fiscal year 2018.''.

SEC. 8. CLARIFICATION OF ``HIGH-PRIORITY SUSPECT''.

    Section 105(e)(1)(B)(i) of the PROTECT Our Children Act of 2008 (42 
U.S.C. 17615(e)(1)(B)(i)) is amended by striking ``the volume'' and all 
that follows through ``or other''.

SEC. 9. REPORT TO CONGRESS.

    Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Attorney General shall submit to the Committee on the Judiciary of the 
House of Representatives and the Committee on the Judiciary of the 
Senate a report on the status of the Attorney General's establishment 
of the National Internet Crimes Against Children Data System required 
to be established under section 105 of the PROTECT Our Children Act of 
2008 (42 U.S.C. 17615).