To amend title 10, United States Code, to establish a separate reserve component command within each of the Army, the Navy, the Air Force, and the Marine Corps.

Summary: Establishes in the appropriate military department an Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps Reserve Command, to be commanded by the appropriate Chief of such department.  Requires the Secretary of the military department concerned to assign to that department's Command all the current reserve forces. 
Establishes in the Navy the Office of Naval Reserve and the Office of Marine Corps Reserve, each headed by a chief who shall be the advisor to the Chief of Naval Operations and the Commandant of the Marine Corps, respectively, on all Naval Reserve or Marine Corps Reserve matters.

SECTION 1. ARMY RESERVE COMMAND.

    (a) Establishment as Permanent Major Army Command.--(1) Chapter 307 
of title 10, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the 
following new section:
``Sec. 3082. Army Reserve Command
    ``(a) Establishment of Command.--There is in the Army an Army 
Reserve Command, which shall be a major command of the Army. The 
Secretary of the Army shall maintain that command with the advice and 
assistance of the Chief of Staff of the Army.
    ``(b) Commander.--The Chief of Army Reserve is the commander of the 
Army Reserve Command. The commander of the Army Reserve Command reports 
directly to the Chief of Staff.
    ``(c) Assignment of Forces.--The Secretary of the Army shall assign 
to the Army Reserve Command all forces of the Army Reserve.''.
    (2) The table of sections at the beginning of such chapter is 
amended by adding at the end the following new item:

``3082. Army Reserve Command.''.
    (b) Grade of Chief of Army Reserve.--Subsection (c) of section 3038 
of such title is amended by striking out ``major general'' in the third 
sentence and inserting in lieu thereof ``lieutenant general''.
    (c) Conforming Repeal.--Section 903 of the National Defense 
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1991 (10 U.S.C. 3074 note) is 
repealed.
    (d) Transition Provision.--Not later than 60 days after the date of 
the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of the Army shall submit to 
the Committees on Armed Services and the Committees on Appropriations 
of the Senate and House of Representatives a report on the plans of the 
Secretary for implementation of section 3082 of title 10, United States 
Code, as added by subsection (a). Such implementation shall begin not 
later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act and 
shall be completed not later than one year after such date.

SEC. 2. NAVAL RESERVE COMMAND.

    (a) Establishment as Permanent Major Naval Command.--(1) Chapter 
519 of title 10, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end 
the following new section:
``Sec. 5253. Naval Reserve Command
    ``(a) Establishment of Command.--There is in the Navy a Naval 
Reserve Command, which shall be a major command of the Navy. The 
Secretary of the Navy shall maintain that command with the advice and 
assistance of the Chief of Naval Operations.
    ``(b) Commander.--The Chief of Naval Reserve is the commander of 
the Naval Reserve Command. The commander of the Naval Reserve Command 
reports directly to the Chief of Naval Operations.
    ``(c) Assignment of Forces.--The Secretary of the Navy shall assign 
to the Naval Reserve Command all forces of the Naval Reserve.''.
    (2) The table of sections at the beginning of such chapter is 
amended by adding at the end the following new item:

``5253. Naval Reserve Command.''.
    (b) Chief of Naval Reserve.--(1) Chapter 513 of such title is 
amended by inserting after section 5142a the following new section:
``Sec. 5143. Office of Naval Reserve: appointment of Chief
    ``(a) There is in the executive part of the Department of the Navy 
an Office of the Naval Reserve which is headed by a chief who is the 
adviser to the Chief of Naval Operations on Naval Reserve matters.
    ``(b) The President, by and with the advice and consent of the 
Senate, shall appoint the Chief of Naval Reserve from officers of the 
Naval Reserve not on active duty, or on active duty under section 265 
of this title, who--
            ``(1) have had at least 10 years of commissioned service in 
        the Naval Reserve;
            ``(2) are in the grade of rear admiral (lower half) and 
        above; and
            ``(3) have been recommended by the Secretary of the Navy.
    ``(c) The Chief of Naval Reserve holds office for four years but 
may be removed for cause at any time. He is eligible to succeed 
himself. If he holds a lower reserve grade, he shall be appointed in 
the grade of vice admiral for service in the Naval Reserve.''.
    (2) The table of sections at the beginning of such chapter is 
amended by inserting after the item relating to section 5142a the 
following new item:

``5143. Office of Naval Reserve: appointment of Chief.''.

SEC. 3. MARINE CORPS RESERVE COMMAND.

    (a) Establishment as Permanent Major Marine Corps Command.--(1) 
Chapter 519 of title 10, United States Code (as amended by section 
2(a)), is further amended by adding at the end the following new 
section:
``Sec. 5254. Marine Corps Reserve Command
    ``(a) Establishment of Command.--There is in the Marine Corps a 
Marine Corps Reserve Command, which shall be a major command of the 
Marine Corps. The Secretary of the Navy shall maintain that command 
with the advice and assistance of the Commandant of the Marine Corps.
    ``(b) Commander.--The Chief of Marine Corps Reserve is the 
commander of the Marine Corps Reserve Command. The commander of the 
Marine Corps Reserve Command reports directly to the Commandant of the 
Marine Corps.
    ``(c) Assignment of Forces.--The Secretary of the Navy shall assign 
to the Marine Corps Reserve Command all forces of the Marine Corps 
Reserve.''.
    (2) The table of sections at the beginning of such chapter (as 
amended by section 2(a)) is amended by adding at the end the following 
new item:

``5254. United States Marine Corps Reserve Command.''.
    (b) Chief of Marine Corps Reserve.--(1) Chapter 513 of such title 
is amended by inserting after section 5143 (as added by section 2(b)) 
the following new section:
``Sec. 5144. Office of Marine Corps Reserve: appointment of Chief
    ``(a) There is in the executive part of the Department of the Navy 
an Office of the Marine Corps Reserve which is headed by a chief who is 
the adviser to the Commandant of the Marine Corps on Marine Corps 
Reserve matters.
    ``(b) The President, by and with the advice and consent of the 
Senate, shall appoint the Chief of Marine Corps Reserve from officers 
of the Marine Corps Reserve not on active duty, or on active duty under 
section 265 of this title, who--
            ``(1) have had at least 10 years of commissioned service in 
        the Marine Corps Reserve;
            ``(2) are in the grade of major general and above; and
            ``(3) have been recommended by the Secretary of the Navy.
    ``(c) The Chief of Marine Corps Reserve holds office for four years 
but may be removed for cause at any time. He is eligible to succeed 
himself. If he holds a lower reserve grade, he shall be appointed in 
the grade of lieutenant general for service in the Marine Corps 
Reserve.''.
    (2) The table of sections at the beginning of such chapter is 
amended by inserting after the item relating to section 5143 (as added 
by section 2(b)) the following new item:

``5144. Office of Marine Corps Reserve: appointment of Chief.''.

SEC. 4. AIR FORCE RESERVE COMMAND.

    (a) Establishment as Permanent Major Air Force Command.--(1) 
Chapter 807 of title 10, United States Code, is amended by adding at 
the end the following new section:
``Sec. 8082. Air Force Reserve Command
    ``(a) Establishment of Command.--There is in the Air Force an Air 
Force Reserve Command, which shall be a major command of the Air Force. 
The Secretary of the Air Force shall maintain that command with the 
advice and assistance of the Chief of Staff of the Air Force.
    ``(b) Commander.--The Chief of Air Force Reserve is the commander 
of the Air Force Reserve Command. The commander of the Air Force 
Reserve Command reports directly to the Chief of Staff of the Air 
Force.
    ``(c) Assignment of Forces.--The Secretary of the Air Force shall 
assign to the Air Force Reserve Command all forces of the Air Force 
Reserve.''.
    (2) The table of sections at the beginning of such chapter is 
amended by adding at the end the following new item:

``8082. Air Force Reserve Command.''.
    (b) Grade of Chief of Air Force Reserve.--Subsection (c) of section 
8038 of such title is amended by striking out ``major general'' in the 
third sentence and inserting in lieu thereof ``lieutenant general''.