SPY Car Act of 2015

Summary: Security and Privacy in Your Car Act of 2015 or the SPY Car Act of 2015 This bill directs the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) to conduct a rulemaking to issue motor vehicle cybersecurity regulations that require motor vehicles manufactured for sale in the United States to protect against unauthorized access to: (1) electronic controls or driving data, including information about the vehicle's location, speed, owner, driver, or passengers; or (2) driving data collected by electronic systems built into a vehicle while that data is stored onboard the vehicle, in transit from the vehicle to another location, or subsequently stored or used off-board the vehicle. The regulations must require vehicles with accessible data or control signals to be capable of detecting, reporting, and stopping attempts to intercept such driving data or control the vehicle. A violator is liable to the U.S. government for a civil penalty of up to $5,000 for each violation.  NHTSA must also conduct a rulemaking to require the fuel economy labeling that manufacturers attach to motor vehicles to display a &quot;cyber dashboard&quot; with a standardized graphic to inform consumers about the extent to which the vehicle protects individuals' cybersecurity and privacy beyond the minimum requirements. The Federal Trade Commission is required to conduct a rulemaking to: (1) require motor vehicles to notify owners or lessees about the collection, transmission, retention, and use of driving data; (2) provide owners or lessees with the option to terminate such data collection and retention (except onboard safety systems required for post-incident investigations, emissions, crash avoidance, and other regulatory compliance programs) without losing navigation tools or other features; and (3) prohibit manufacturers from using collected information for advertising or marketing purposes without the owner's or lessee's consent. Violations are to be treated as unfair and deceptive acts or practices under the Federal Trade Commission Act.

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Security and Privacy in Your Car Act 
of 2015'' or the ``SPY Car Act of 2015''.

SEC. 2. CYBERSECURITY STANDARDS FOR MOTOR VEHICLES.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 301 of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) in section 30102(a)--
                    (A) by redesignating paragraphs (4) through (11) as 
                paragraphs (10) through (17), respectively;
                    (B) by redesignating paragraphs (1) through (3) as 
                paragraphs (4) through (6), respectively;
                    (C) by inserting before paragraph (3), as 
                redesignated, the following:
            ``(1) `Administrator' means the Administrator of the 
        National Highway Traffic Safety Administration;
            ``(2) `Commission' means the Federal Trade Commission;
            ``(3) `critical software systems' means software systems 
        that can affect the driver's control of the vehicle 
        movement;''; and
                    (D) by inserting after paragraph (6), as 
                redesignated, the following:
            ``(7) `driving data' include, but are not limited to, any 
        electronic information collected about--
                    ``(A) a vehicle's status, including, but not 
                limited to, its location or speed; and
                    ``(B) any owner, lessee, driver, or passenger of a 
                vehicle;
            ``(8) `entry points' include, but are not limited to, means 
        by which--
                    ``(A) driving data may be accessed, directly or 
                indirectly; or
                    ``(B) control signals may be sent or received 
                either wirelessly or through wired connections;
            ``(9) `hacking' means the unauthorized access to electronic 
        controls or driving data, either wirelessly or through wired 
        connections;''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 30129. Cybersecurity standards
    ``(a) Cybersecurity Standards.--
            ``(1) Requirement.--All motor vehicles manufactured for 
        sale in the United States on or after the date that is 2 years 
        after the date on which final regulations are prescribed 
        pursuant to section 2(b)(2) of the SPY Car Act of 2015 shall 
        comply with the cybersecurity standards set forth in paragraphs 
        (2) through (4).
            ``(2) Protection against hacking.--
                    ``(A) In general.--All entry points to the 
                electronic systems of each motor vehicle manufactured 
                for sale in the United States shall be equipped with 
                reasonable measures to protect against hacking attacks.
                    ``(B) Isolation measures.--The measures referred to 
                in subparagraph (A) shall incorporate isolation 
                measures to separate critical software systems from 
                noncritical software systems.
                    ``(C) Evaluation.--The measures referred to in 
                subparagraphs (A) and (B) shall be evaluated for 
                security vulnerabilities following best security 
                practices, including appropriate applications of 
                techniques such as penetration testing.
                    ``(D) Adjustment.--The measures referred to in 
                subparagraphs (A) and (B) shall be adjusted and updated 
                based on the results of the evaluation described in 
                subparagraph (C).
            ``(3) Security of collected information.--All driving data 
        collected by the electronic systems that are built into motor 
        vehicles shall be reasonably secured to prevent unauthorized 
        access--
                    ``(A) while such data are stored onboard the 
                vehicle;
                    ``(B) while such data are in transit from the 
                vehicle to another location; and
                    ``(C) in any subsequent offboard storage or use.
            ``(4) Detection, reporting, and responding to hacking.--Any 
        motor vehicle that presents an entry point shall be equipped 
        with capabilities to immediately detect, report, and stop 
        attempts to intercept driving data or control the vehicle.
    ``(b) Penalties.--A person that violates this section is liable to 
the United States Government for a civil penalty of not more than 
$5,000 for each violation in accordance with section 30165.''.
    (b) Rulemaking.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 18 months after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, the Administrator, after 
        consultation with the Commission, shall issue a Notice of 
        Proposed Rulemaking to carry out section 30129 of title 49, 
        United States Code, as added by subsection (a).
            (2) Final regulations.--Not later than 3 years after the 
        date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator, after 
        consultation with the Commission, shall issue final regulations 
        to carry out section 30129 of title 49, United States Code, as 
        added by subsection (a).
            (3) Updates.--Not later than 3 years after final 
        regulations are issued pursuant to paragraph (2) and not less 
        frequently than once every 3 years thereafter, the 
        Administrator, after consultation with the Commission, shall--
                    (A) review the regulations issued pursuant to 
                paragraph (2); and
                    (B) update such regulations, as necessary.
    (c) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections for chapter 301 of 
title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking the item relating 
to section 30128 and inserting the following:

``30128. Vehicle rollover prevention and crash mitigation.
``30129. Cybersecurity standards.''.
    (d) Conforming Amendment.--Section 30165(a)(1) of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended by inserting ``30129,'' after ``30127,''.

SEC. 3. CYBER DASHBOARD.

    (a) In General.--Section 32302 of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended by inserting after subsection (b) the following:
    ``(c) Cyber Dashboard.--
            ``(1) In general.--All motor vehicles manufactured for sale 
        in the United States on or after the date that is 2 years after 
        the date on which final regulations are prescribed pursuant to 
        section 3(b)(2) of the SPY Car Act of 2015 shall display a 
        `cyber dashboard', as a component of the label required to be 
        affixed to each motor vehicle under section 32908(b).
            ``(2) Features.--The cyber dashboard required under 
        paragraph (1) shall inform consumers, through an easy-to-
        understand, standardized graphic, about the extent to which the 
        motor vehicle protects the cybersecurity and privacy of motor 
        vehicle owners, lessees, drivers, and passengers beyond the 
        minimum requirements set forth in section 30129 of this title 
        and in section 27 of the Federal Trade Commission Act.''.
    (b) Rulemaking.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 18 months after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, the Administrator, after 
        consultation with the Commission, shall prescribe regulations 
        for the cybersecurity and privacy information required to be 
        displayed under section 32302(c) of title 49, United States 
        Code, as added by subsection (a).
            (2) Final regulations.--Not later than 3 years after the 
        date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator, after 
        consultation with the Commission, shall issue final regulations 
        to carry out section 32302 of title 49, United States Code, as 
        added by subsection (a).
            (3) Updates.--Not less frequently than once every 3 years, 
        the Administrator, after consultation with the Commission, 
        shall--
                    (A) review the regulations issued pursuant to 
                paragraph (2); and
                    (B) update such regulations, as necessary.

SEC. 4. PRIVACY STANDARDS FOR MOTOR VEHICLES.

    (a) In General.--The Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 41 et 
seq.) is amended by inserting after section 26 (15 U.S.C. 57c-2) the 
following:

``SEC. 27. PRIVACY STANDARDS FOR MOTOR VEHICLES.

    ``(a) In General.--All motor vehicles manufactured for sale in the 
United States on or after the date that is 2 years after the date on 
which final regulations are prescribed pursuant to subsection (e) shall 
comply with the features required under subsections (b) through (d).
    ``(b) Transparency.--Each motor vehicle shall provide clear and 
conspicuous notice, in clear and plain language, to the owners or 
lessees of such vehicle of the collection, transmission, retention, and 
use of driving data collected from such motor vehicle.
    ``(c) Consumer Control.--
            ``(1) In general.--Subject to paragraphs (2) and (3), 
        owners or lessees of motor vehicles shall be given the option 
        of terminating the collection and retention of driving data.
            ``(2) Access to navigation tools.--If a motor vehicle owner 
        or lessee decides to terminate the collection and retention of 
        driving data under paragraph (1), the owner or lessee shall not 
        lose access to navigation tools or other features or 
        capabilities, to the extent technically possible.
            ``(3) Exception.--Paragraph (1) shall not apply to driving 
        data stored as part of the electronic data recorder system or 
        other safety systems on-board the motor vehicle that are 
        required for post-incident investigations, emissions history 
        checks, crash avoidance or mitigation, or other regulatory 
        compliance programs.
    ``(d) Limitation on Use of Personal Driving Information.--
            ``(1) In general.--A manufacturer (including an original 
        equipment manufacturer) may not use any information collected 
        by a motor vehicle for advertising or marketing purposes 
        without affirmative express consent by the owner or lessee.
            ``(2) Requests.--Consent requests under paragraph (1)--
                    ``(A) shall be clear and conspicuous;
                    ``(B) shall be made in clear and plain language; 
                and
                    ``(C) may not be a condition for the use of any 
                nonmarketing feature, capability, or functionality of 
                the motor vehicle.
    ``(e) Enforcement.--A violation of this section shall be treated as 
an unfair and deceptive act or practice in violation of a rule 
prescribed under section 18(a)(1)(B).''.
    (b) Rulemaking.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 18 months after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, the Commission, after consultation 
        with the Administrator of the National Highway Traffic Safety 
        Administration (referred to in this subsection as the 
        ``Administrator''), shall prescribe regulations, in accordance 
        with section 553 of title 5, United States Code, to carry out 
        section 27 of the Federal Trade Commission Act, as added by 
        subsection (a).
            (2) Final regulations.--Not later than 3 years after the 
        date of the enactment of this Act, the Commission, after 
        consultation with the Administrator, shall issue final 
        regulations, in accordance with section 553 of title 5, United 
        States Code, to carry out section 27 of the Federal Trade 
        Commission Act, as added by subsection (a).
            (3) Updates.--Not less frequently than once every 3 years, 
        the Commission, after consultation with the Administrator, 
        shall--
                    (A) review the regulations prescribed pursuant to 
                paragraph (2); and
                    (B) update such regulations, as necessary.