False Claims Amendments Act of 1993

Summary: False Claims Amendments Act of 1993 - Amends the False Claims Act with respect to:  (1) dismissal of qui tam actions at Government motion in specified circumstances; (2) waiver by private parties of the Government's rights to recover damages under such Act as part of any court approved settlement of a potential qui tam suit; (3) whistleblower protection; (4) the definition of "person" under such Act; (5) the Act's statute of limitations; and (6) the authority under such Act to issue civil investigative demands. 
Requires periodic reports by the Department of Justice to specified congressional committees on cases which the Department has moved to dismiss.

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``False Claims Amendments Act of 
1993''.

SEC. 2. GOVERNMENT RIGHT TO DISMISS CERTAIN ACTIONS.

    Section 3730(b) of title 31, United States Code, is amended by 
adding at the end thereof the following new paragraph:
            ``(6)(A) No later than 60 days after the date of service 
        under paragraph (2), the Government may move to dismiss from 
        the action the person bringing the action if--
                    ``(i) such person first learned all the necessary 
                and specific facts underlying the material allegations 
                contained in the action from--
                            ``(I) a fraud investigation that the 
                        executive branch of the Government is actively 
                        pursuing, or
                            ``(II) a news media report or a 
                        congressional hearing or report, if the 
                        executive branch of the Government, before such 
                        person filed the complaint in the action, 
                        commenced a fraud investigation of such 
                        allegations on the basis of such facts, and if 
                        the executive branch is actively pursuing such 
                        investigation; or
                    ``(ii) such person learned of the information that 
                underlies the alleged violation of section 3729 that is 
                the basis of the action in the course of the person's 
                employment by the United States, and none of the 
                following has occurred:
                            ``(I) In a case in which the employing 
                        agency has an inspector general, such person, 
                        before bringing the action--
                                    ``(aa) disclosed in writing 
                                substantially all material evidence and 
                                information that relates to the alleged 
                                violation that the person possessed to 
                                such inspector general; and
                                    ``(bb) notified in writing the 
                                person's supervisor and the Attorney 
                                General of the disclosure under 
                                division (aa).
                            ``(II) In a case in which the employing 
                        agency does not have an inspector general, such 
                        person, before bringing the action--
                                    ``(aa) disclosed in writing 
                                substantially all material evidence and 
                                information that relates to the alleged 
                                violation that the person possessed, to 
                                the Attorney General; and
                                    ``(bb) notified in writing the 
                                person's supervisor of the disclosure 
                                under division (aa).
                            ``(III) Twelve months (and any period of 
                        extension as provided for under subparagraph 
                        (B)) have elapsed since the disclosure of 
                        information and notification under either 
                        subclause (I) or (II) were made and the 
                        Attorney General has not filed an action based 
                        on such information.
            ``(B) Prior to the expiration of the 12-month period 
        described under subparagraph (A)(ii)(III) and upon notice to 
        the person who has disclosed information and provided notice 
        under subparagraph (A)(ii) (I) or (II), the Attorney General 
        may file a motion seeking an extension of such 12-month period. 
        Such 12-month period may be extended by a court for not more 
        than an additional 12-month period upon a showing by the 
        Government that the additional period is necessary for the 
        Government to decide whether or not to file such action. Any 
        such motion may be filed in camera and may be supported by 
        affidavits or other submissions in camera.
            ``(C) For purposes of subparagraph (A), a person's 
        supervisor is the officer or employee who--
                    ``(i) is in a position of the next highest 
                classification to the position of such person;
                    ``(ii) has supervisory authority over such person; 
                and
                    ``(iii) such person believes is not culpable of the 
                violation upon which the action under this subsection 
                is brought by such person.
            ``(D) A motion to dismiss under this paragraph shall set 
        forth documentation of the allegations, evidence, and 
        information in support of the motion.
            ``(E) Any person bringing a civil action under paragraph 
        (1) shall be provided an opportunity to contest a motion to 
        dismiss under this paragraph. The court may restrict access to 
        the evidentiary materials filed in support of the motion to 
        dismiss, as the interests of justice require. A motion to 
        dismiss and papers filed in support or opposition of such 
        motion shall not be--
                    ``(i) made public without the prior written consent 
                of the person bringing the civil action; or
                    ``(ii) subject to discovery by the defendant.
            ``(F) If the motion to dismiss under this paragraph is 
        granted, the matter shall remain under seal.
            ``(G) No later than 6 months after the date of the 
        enactment of this paragraph, and every 6 months thereafter, the 
        Department of Justice shall report to the Committee on the 
        Judiciary of the Senate and the Committee on the Judiciary of 
        the House of Representatives relating to--
                    ``(i) the cases in which the Department of Justice 
                has filed a motion to dismiss under this paragraph;
                    ``(ii) the outcome of such motions; and
                    ``(iii) the status of false claims civil actions in 
                which such motions were filed.''.

SEC. 3. PROVISIONS RELATING TO ACTIONS BARRED AND QUI TAM AWARDS.

    Section 3730 of title 31, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)(1) by adding at the end thereof ``A 
        right of action for a violation of section 3729 may not be 
        waived or released by any person, except as part of a court 
        approved settlement of a civil action brought under this 
        section.'';
            (2) in subsection (d)(1)--
                    (A) in the first sentence--
                            (i) by striking out ``, subject to the 
                        second sentence of this paragraph,''; and
                            (ii) by inserting after ``proceeds of the 
                        action or settlement of the claim,'' the 
                        following: ``including all proceeds or 
                        settlement amounts attributable to allegations 
                        developed as a result of information provided 
                        to the Government by such person,'';
                    (B) in the third sentence by striking out ``or the 
                second sentence''; and
                    (C) by striking out the second sentence; and
            (3) in subsection (e) by striking out paragraph (4).

SEC. 4. WHISTLEBLOWER PROTECTION.

    Section 3730(h) of title 31, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking out ``(h)'' and inserting in lieu thereof 
        ``(h) Whistleblower Protection.--(1)''; and
            (2) by adding at the end thereof the following new 
        paragraph:
    ``(2)(A) In any action brought by an employee under paragraph (1), 
the employee shall be entitled to relief if, based upon a preponderance 
of the evidence, the employee demonstrates that a lawful act described 
under paragraph (1) was a contributing factor in the action by the 
employer against the employee that is alleged in the complaint.
    ``(B) Notwithstanding subparagraph (A), an employee who brings an 
action under paragraph (1) shall not be entitled to relief if the 
employer demonstrates by clear and convincing evidence that the 
employer would have taken the same action against the employee in the 
absence of the lawful act that was a contributing factor described in 
subparagraph (A).''.

SEC. 5. DEFINITION OF PERSON.

    Section 3730 of title 31, United States Code, is further amended by 
inserting at the end thereof the following new subsection:
    ``(i) Definition.--For purposes of this section, the term `person' 
means any natural person, partnership, corporation, association, or 
other legal entity, including any State or political subdivision of a 
State.''.

SEC. 6. STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS.

    Section 3731(b) of title 31, United States Code, is amended to read 
as follows:
    ``(b)(1) A civil action under section 3730 may not be brought more 
than 6 years after the date on which the violation of section 3729 is 
committed.
    ``(2) For the purpose of computing the period described under 
paragraph (1), there shall be excluded all periods during which facts 
material to the right of action are not known and reasonably could not 
be known by the official of the United States with authority to act in 
the circumstances.''.

SEC. 7. AUTHORITY TO ISSUE INVESTIGATIVE DEMANDS.

    Section 3733 of title 31, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(1)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A) by 
                inserting ``or an Assistant Attorney General'' after 
                ``Attorney General'' each place it appears; and
                    (B) in the matter following subparagraph (D)--
                            (i) in the first sentence by inserting ``or 
                        an Assistant Attorney General'' after 
                        ``Attorney General''; and
                            (ii) in the second sentence by striking out 
                        ``, the Deputy Attorney General,'';
            (2) in subsection (a)(2)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (F) by striking out 
                ``designated by the Attorney General''; and
                    (B) in subparagraph (G) by inserting ``or an 
                Assistant Attorney General'' after ``Attorney General'' 
                each place it appears;
            (3) in subsection (h)(6) by striking out ``, the Deputy 
        Attorney General,'';
            (4) in subsection (i) by inserting ``or an Assistant 
        Attorney General'' after ``Attorney General'' each place it 
        appears; and
            (5) in subsection (l)(6) by inserting ``or an Assistant 
        Attorney General'' after ``Attorney General''.

SEC. 8. APPLICABILITY AND EFFECTIVE DATE.

    (a) In General.--(1) The amendments made by this Act shall take 
effect on the date of the enactment of this Act and shall apply to 
cases filed on or after the date of enactment of this Act.
    (2) The provisions of section 3730(b)(6)(A)(i) of title 31, United 
States Code (as added by section 2 of this Act), and section 3730 (d) 
and (e) of such title (as amended by section 3 (2) and (3) of this 
Act), shall apply to cases pending on the date of the enactment of this 
Act. In any case that is pending on the date of the enactment of this 
Act in which the Government has elected to proceed with the action 
under section 3730(b)(4) of title 31, United States Code, the 
Government may file a motion to dismiss a qui tam relator under section 
3730(b)(6)(A)(i) of such title (as added by section 2 of this Act), no 
later than 120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act.
    (b) Prior Laws.--(1) The amendments made by the False Claims 
Amendments Act of 1986 (Public Law 99-562) shall apply to cases filed 
on or after the date of the enactment of such Act, and to cases pending 
on such date that are still pending on the date of the enactment of 
this Act.
    (2) The amendments made by section 9 of the Major Fraud Act of 1988 
(Public Law 100-700) shall apply to cases filed on or after the date of 
the enactment of such Act, and to cases pending on such date that are 
still pending on the date of enactment of this Act.