DataHammer/scimrc huggingface dataset:
Question: Tell me which of these activities are exciting and which are relaxing.
Answer: - Reading: relaxing
- Riding on a roller coaster: exciting
- Laying in a hammock: relaxing
- Playing paintball: exciting
- Go kart racing: exciting
- Skiing: exciting
- Watching a cooking show: relaxing
- Taking a nap: relaxing
Question: What was significant about the 1972 United States presidential election in Missouri
Evidence: The 1972 United States presidential election in Missouri took place on November 7, 1972. All fifty states and the District of Columbia were part of the 1972 United States presidential election. Voters chose 12 electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Missouri was won by the Republican nominees, incumbent President Richard Nixon of California and his running mate Vice President Spiro Agnew of Maryland. Nixon and Agnew defeated the Democratic nominees, Senator George McGovern of South Dakota and his running mate U.S. Ambassador Sargent Shriver of Maryland.

In a state substantially part of the conservative South, McGovern was viewed by many voters as a left-wing extremist because of his support for busing and civil rights, plus his opposition to the Vietnam War, support for granting amnesty to draft dodgers and support for a thousand-dollar giveaway to each American as a solution to poverty. Many, especially Republican campaigners, also believed McGovern would legalise abortion and illicit drugs if he were elected – despite the fact that his running mate Sargent Shriver was firmly opposed to abortion. These fears of McGovern's social radicalism were especially pronounced amongst poorer whites, who were abundant in the southern part of Missouri.

Nixon carried Missouri with 62.29% of the vote to McGovern's 37.71%, a victory margin of 24.58%. Nixon won all but two jurisdictions: Monroe County and St. Louis City, and was the first Republican to ever carry southern secessionist Mississippi County and Maries County, the first since Abraham Lincoln in 1864 to carry “Little Dixie” Howard and Randolph Counties, and the first since Ulysses S. Grant in 1868 to carry Lewis, Lincoln, Ralls and Ray Counties. As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last election in which Jackson County, which contains most of Kansas City, as well as Independence, the hometown of former Democratic president Harry S. Truman (who died seven weeks after the election), voted for a Republican presidential candidate.
Answer: Republican candidate Richard Nixon won the presidential election in Missouri by a significant margin, nearly 25 percent, including wins in many counties that had never voted for a Republican presidential candidate before, or had rarely done so.
Question: Classify the names of the Prime Ministers based on whether they belong to France or Canada.
Élisabeth Borne, Bernard Cazeneuve, Justin Trudeau, Paul Martin
Answer: Canada - Justin Trudeau, Paul Martin
France - Élisabeth Borne, Bernard Cazeneuve
Question: How many predictions were submitted in total for the shared task?
Evidence: A total of 90 teams registered for the shared task, and 39 of them submitted predictions for a total of 3,065 submissions. For the FLC task, 21 teams made a total of 527 submissions, and for the SLC task, 35 teams made a total of 2,538 submissions.
Below, we give an overview of the approaches as described in the participants' papers. Tables TABREF28 and TABREF29 offer a high-level summary.
A total of 90 teams registered for the shared task, and 39 of them submitted predictions for a total of 3,065 submissions.
Answer: 3,065 submissions.
Question: What is the book "The Sun Also Rises" about?
Evidence: The Sun Also Rises is a 1926 novel by American writer Ernest Hemingway, his first, that portrays American and British expatriates who travel from Paris to the Festival of San Fermín in Pamplona to watch the running of the bulls and the bullfights. An early modernist novel, it received mixed reviews upon publication. Hemingway biographer Jeffrey Meyers writes that it is now "recognized as Hemingway's greatest work" and Hemingway scholar Linda Wagner-Martin calls it his most important novel. The novel was published in the United States in October 1926 by Scribner's. A year later, Jonathan Cape published the novel in London under the title Fiesta. It remains in print.

The novel is a roman à clef: the characters are based on people in Hemingway's circle and the action is based on events, particularly Hemingway's life in Paris in the 1920s and a trip to Spain in 1925 for the Pamplona festival and fishing in the Pyrenees. Hemingway presents his notion that the "Lost Generation"—considered to have been decadent, dissolute and irretrievably damaged by World War I—was in fact resilient and strong. Hemingway investigates the themes of love and death, the revivifying power of nature and the concept of masculinity. His spare writing style, combined with his restrained use of description to convey characterizations and action, demonstrates his "Iceberg Theory" of writing.
Answer: The Sun Also Rises is a book based on people Hemingway knew from his life in Paris, fishing in the Pyrenees, and a trip to the Pamplona festival in Spain.
Question: Why do we have fences?
Answer: Fences are used to physically show where your home lot start and where it ends.  It is also used to give you privacy from your neighbors and private space you can enjoy with friends, family and pets.  Fences can be decorated with plants or lights, or they can be painted to match another exterior color (e.g. house bricks).  Fences are made out wood planks that are nailed to perpendicular 2.x4 planks of wood with steel nails.
Question: Why do they propose an efficient automatic speech recognition (ASR)-based pre-training methodology?
Evidence: Spoken language understanding (SLU) systems infer the meaning or intent of a spoken utterance BIBREF0 . This is crucial for voice user interfaces, in which the speaker's utterance needs to be converted into an action or query. For example, for a voice-controlled coffee machine, an utterance like “make me a large coffee with two milks and a sugar, please” might have an intent representation like {drink: "coffee", size: "large", additions: [{type: "milk", count: 2}, {type: "sugar", count: 1}]}.
The conventional SLU pipeline is composed of two modules: an automatic speech recognition (ASR) module that maps the speech to a text transcript, and a natural language understanding (NLU) module that maps the text transcript to the speaker's intent BIBREF1 , BIBREF2 , BIBREF3 . An alternative approach that is beginning to gain popularity is end-to-end SLU BIBREF4 , BIBREF5 , BIBREF6 , BIBREF7 , BIBREF8 . In end-to-end SLU, a single trainable model maps the speech audio directly to the speaker's intent without explicitly producing a text transcript (Fig. FIGREF4 ). Unlike the conventional SLU pipeline, end-to-end SLU:
End-to-end models have been made possible by deep learning, which automatically learns hierarchical representations of the input signal BIBREF9 , BIBREF10 , BIBREF11 , BIBREF12 , BIBREF13 . Speech is natural to represent in a hierarchical way: waveform INLINEFORM0 phonemes INLINEFORM1 morphemes INLINEFORM2 words INLINEFORM3 concepts INLINEFORM4 meaning. However, because speech signals are high-dimensional and highly variable even for a single speaker, training deep models and learning these hierarchical representations without a large amount of training data is difficult.
The computer vision BIBREF14 , BIBREF15 , natural language processing BIBREF16 , BIBREF17 , BIBREF18 , BIBREF19 , BIBREF20 , and ASR BIBREF21 , BIBREF22 communities have attacked the problem of limited supervised training data with great success by pre-training deep models on related tasks for which there is more training data. Following their lead, we propose an efficient ASR-based pre-training methodology in this paper and show that it may be used to improve the performance of end-to-end SLU models, especially when the amount of training data is very small.
Our contributions are as follows:
Following their lead, we propose an efficient ASR-based pre-training methodology in this paper and show that it may be used to improve the performance of end-to-end SLU models, especially when the amount of training data is very small.
Answer: To improve the performance of end-to-end Spoken language understanding (SLU) models, especially when the amount of training data is very small.
Question: how are rare words defined?
Evidence: In our experiments, the short list is determined according to the word frequency. Concretely, we sort the vocabulary according to the word frequency from high to low. A frequency filter ratio INLINEFORM0 is set to filter out the low-frequency words (rare words) from the lookup table. For example, INLINEFORM1 =0.9 means the least frequent 10% words are replaced with the default UNK notation.
A frequency filter ratio INLINEFORM0 is set to filter out the low-frequency words (rare words) from the lookup table
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* low-frequency words
Question: What is 12-3-30?
Answer: 12-3-3- is the viral workout trend that's been popularized on social media. It entails walking on a treadmill at an incline of 12, a speed of 3 mph, for 30 minutes.
Question: Which models achieve state-of-the-art performances?
Evidence: FLOAT SELECTED: TABLE II REPORTED ACCURACIES OF STATE OF THE ART AND SELECTED HIGH PERFORMING SYLLABIFIERS ON EACH EVALUATION DATASET.
For each dataset used to evaluate the proposed model, we compare our results with published accuracies of existing syllabification systems. Table TABREF21 shows the performance of well known and state of the art syllabifiers for each dataset. Liang's hyphenation algorithm is commonly known for its usage in . The patgen program was used to learn the rules of syllable boundaries BIBREF39. What we call Entropy CRF is a method particular to Manipuri; a rule-based component estimates the entropy of phones and phone clusters while a data-driven CRF component treats syllabification as a sequence modeling task BIBREF35.
FLOAT SELECTED: TABLE II REPORTED ACCURACIES OF STATE OF THE ART AND SELECTED HIGH PERFORMING SYLLABIFIERS ON EACH EVALUATION DATASET.
For each dataset used to evaluate the proposed model, we compare our results with published accuracies of existing syllabification systems. Table TABREF21 shows the performance of well known and state of the art syllabifiers for each dataset.
Answer: CELEX (Dutch and English) - SVM-HMM
Festival, E-Hitz and OpenLexique - Liang hyphenation
IIT-Guwahat - Entropy CRF
Question: List the major neighborhoods on the East Side and West Side of Manhattan.
Evidence: East Side of Manhattan refers to the side of Manhattan which abuts the East River and faces Brooklyn and Queens. Fifth Avenue, Central Park from 59th to 110th Streets, and Broadway below 8th Street separate it from the West Side.

The major neighborhoods on the East Side include (from north to south) East Harlem, Yorkville, the Upper East Side, Turtle Bay, Murray Hill, Kips Bay, Gramercy, East Village, and the Lower East Side. The main north–south expressways servicing the East Side are the Franklin D. Roosevelt East River Drive and Harlem River Drive, which for the majority of their length are separated from the east shore of the island by the Manhattan Waterfront Greenway. The East Side is served by the IRT East Side Line subway and by many bus lines.

The West Side of Manhattan refers to the side of Manhattan Island which abuts the Hudson River and faces the U.S. state of New Jersey. Fifth Avenue, Central Park, and lower Broadway separate it from the East Side. The major neighborhoods on the West Side are (from north to south) Inwood, Hudson Heights, Washington Heights, West Harlem, Morningside Heights, Manhattan Valley, Upper West Side, Hell's Kitchen, Chelsea, West Village, SoHo, and Tribeca. The 8th Avenue and West Side subway lines connect all parts of the West Side.

The main north-south roads servicing the West Side are the Henry Hudson Parkway in the north, and the West Side Highway in the south. The Hudson River Greenway separates those highways from the western shore of the island.
Answer: East Side: East Harlem, Yorkville, the Upper East Side, Turtle Bay, Murray Hill, Kips Bay, Gramercy, East Village, and the Lower East Side

West Side: Inwood, Hudson Heights, Washington Heights, West Harlem, Morningside Heights, Manhattan Valley, Upper West Side, Hell's Kitchen, Chelsea, West Village, SoHo, and Tribeca
Question: Given a reference text about Tom Cruise, tell me when they were born and what they are famous for.
Evidence: Thomas Cruise Mapother IV (born July 3, 1962) is an American actor and producer. One of the world's highest-paid actors, he has received various accolades, including an Honorary Palme d'Or and three Golden Globe Awards, in addition to nominations for four Academy Awards. His films have grossed over $4 billion in North America and over $11.5 billion worldwide, making him one of the highest-grossing box-office stars of all time.
Answer: Tom Cruise was born on July 3rd, 1962. He is famous for being an American actor and producer and winning three golden globes.
Question: When should I use Slack versus email versus a phone call?
Answer: For quick communication and memes, Slack is a good medium.  For longer form communication, or those that include external parties that are not available on Slack, email is an excellent choice.  Phone calls are useful for instantaneous feedback, fluid dialog, and establishing emotional rapport with the participants.
Question: What are some unique and interesting travel destinations in the UK?
Answer: Here are some of the most interesting travel destinations in the UK?

- London
- Edinburgh
- Stonehenge
- The Cotswolds
- Cambridge
- Oxford
- Liverpool
- Loch Ness
- Giant's Causeway
- Belfast
- Cardiff
Question: Classify these animals by either a mammal or reptile; 
Lizard, Alligator, Elephant, Crocodile, Lion, Dolphin, Snake, Platypus, Chimpanzee
Turtle
Answer: Yes, I grouped these animals as mammals and reptiles. Here is the categories;
Mammals: Lion, Elephant, Dolphin, Platypus, Chimpanzee
Reptiles: Turtle, Crocodile, Snake, Lizard, Alligator
Question: Why do people hate pineapple on pizza?
Answer: Pineapple has grown to be a rather controversial pizza topping.  Those that love it may like it for the contrast of the sweet and juicy pineapple combined with the savory profile from a traditional tomato sauce based pizza.  As pineapple is commonly known to be from Hawaii, some pizzerias have named a pineapple and ham pizza as a "Hawaiian" pizza which some may favor as Hawaii is usually a popular vacation destination and considered an exotic option for something traditional like pizza. Others that take a more purist preference towards pizza toppings have criticized pineapple as an abomination.
Question: Bowling achievements of Andrew Kyle
Answer: Andrew Kyle (born 1978) is a Northern Irish international lawn and indoor bowler.

Kyle bowls for County Antrim Bowling Club indoors and Larne Bowling Club outdoors and in 2016 represented a combined Irish team at the Bowls World Cup in Australia. In 2017, he won three medals at the European Bowls Championships.

He was selected as part of the Northern Ireland team for the 2018 Commonwealth Games on the Gold Coast in Queensland.

In 2019, he won the fours bronze medal at the Atlantic Bowls Championships.
Question: How is language modelling evaluated?
Evidence: Table TABREF32 shows the perplexity of the models on each of the test sets. As expected, each model performs better on the test set they have been trained on. When applied to a different test set, both see an increase in perplexity. However, the Leipzig model seems to have more trouble generalizing: its perplexity nearly doubles on the SwissCrawl test set and raises by twenty on the combined test set.
Table TABREF32 shows the perplexity of the models on each of the test sets. As expected, each model performs better on the test set they have been trained on. When applied to a different test set, both see an increase in perplexity. However, the Leipzig model seems to have more trouble generalizing: its perplexity nearly doubles on the SwissCrawl test set and raises by twenty on the combined test set.
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* perplexity of the models
Question: Are these blue or red colors? Pink, navy, maroon, mahogany, teal, sky, robin, scarlet
Answer: Pink: red, navy: blue, maroon: red, mahogany: red, teal: blue, sky: blue, robin: blue, scarlet: red
Question: What is an Ironman Triathlon?
Answer: An Ironman Triathlon is a multi-sport event that consists of a 2.4 mile swim, 112 mile bike ride,  and 26.2 mile run.
Question: Has STES been previously used in the literature to evaluate similar tasks?
Evidence: We propose a pipeline called SMERTI (pronounced `smarty') for STE. Combining entity replacement (ER), similarity masking (SM), and text infilling (TI), SMERTI can modify the semantic content of text. We define a metric called the Semantic Text Exchange Score (STES) that evaluates the overall ability of a model to perform STE, and an adjustable parameter masking (replacement) rate threshold (MRT/RRT) that can be used to control the amount of semantic change.
We define a metric called the Semantic Text Exchange Score (STES) that evaluates the overall ability of a model to perform STE, and an adjustable parameter masking (replacement) rate threshold (MRT/RRT) that can be used to control the amount of semantic change.
Answer: No.
Question: Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Mosasaurus, Whale Shark
Answer: Whale Shark is alive, Mosasaurus is extinct.
Question: Identify which car manufacturer is Japanese or American: RAM, Toyota Motor Corporation
Answer: RAM is American, Toyota Motor Corporation is Japanese
Question: How to model the problem?
Evidence: In the context of investigative journalism, we address the problem of automatically identifying which claims in a given document are most worthy and should be prioritized for fact-checking. Despite its importance, this is a relatively understudied problem. Thus, we create a new dataset of political debates, containing statements that have been fact-checked by nine reputable sources, and we train machine learning models to predict which claims should be prioritized for fact-checking, i.e., we model the problem as a ranking task. Unlike previous work, which has looked primarily at sentences in isolation, in this paper we focus on a rich input representation modeling the context: relationship between the target statement and the larger context of the debate, interaction between the opponents, and reaction by the moderator and by the public. Our experiments show state-of-the-art results, outperforming a strong rivaling system by a margin, while also confirming the importance of the contextual information.
Thus, we create a new dataset of political debates, containing statements that have been fact-checked by nine reputable sources, and we train machine learning models to predict which claims should be prioritized for fact-checking, i.e., we model the problem as a ranking task.
Answer: The authors train machine learning models to predict which claims should be prioritized for fact-checking, i.e., they model the problem as a ranking task.
Question: Create a checklist to move from a 3 bedroom apartment to a 5 bedroom home
Answer: 1. Declutter first
2. Pack one room at a time and label the boxes
3. Mark Breakables
4. Create a first aid box
5. Create an essentials box
6. Move boxes into the respective rooms 
7. Unpack
8. Re-arrange
9. Trash packaging and donate boxes
Question: Imagine you are getting married and are attending a wedding cake tasting. Describe five different flavors you try, with combinations of both cake and frosting for each tasting. Pick one best flavor at the end of the five tastings.
Answer: The first flavor I try is vanilla cake with a buttercream frosting. The cake is good, but too plain and basic. Next we try a vanilla cake with a chai frosting, and I like it a lot more, since I love spice. Although I do worry that the vanilla cake might be a bit plain. A third option is a dark chocolate cake with a cherry and chocolate ganache filling, which is very rich and moist, which I appreciate. Fourth we try a lemon drizzle cake, which is nice but I'm not sure the right choice for the rest of our menu. And for our final flavor we try a matcha cake with white chocolate frosting, which has a very nice cake but I think the frosting is too sweet. Finally, I decide to pick the chocolate and cherry combination because I think it had the best cake and frosting combination.
Question: While deciding to buy a bicycle, you need to consider few parameters such as age, gender, price, quality, the purpose of buying, type of bicycle/features etc. For ex: if you are a boy of age 24, then you would consider to buy a bicycle with height of 18" inch, with gear & shocker, etc.
And if you are a girl of age 6 yrs, then you would consider a kid friendly bicycle with good safety features that the kid can ride.
Answer: Budget, quality and the person who will ride the bicycle are key thing. Start with exploring the options based on budget and the type of bicycle that you may need and then narrow down the bicycle basis your requirement. And then compare with features, price and quality that can help to narrow down the selection process.
Question: From the passage provided, extract the freight train companies using the corridor.  Place them in a bullet list.
Evidence: The corridor is used by many Amtrak trains, including the high-speed Acela, intercity trains and several long-distance trains. Most of the corridor also has frequent commuter rail service, operated by the MBTA, Shore Line East, Hartford Line, Metro-North Railroad, Long Island Rail Road, New Jersey Transit, SEPTA and MARC. While large through freights have not run on the NEC since the early 1980s, several companies continue to run smaller local freights over some select few sections of the NEC including CSX, Norfolk Southern, CSAO, Providence and Worcester, New York and Atlantic and Canadian Pacific, with the first two considered to have part-ownership over those routes.
Answer: - CSX
- Norfolk Southern
- CSAO
- Providence and Worcester
- New York and Atlantic
- Canadian Pacific
Question: What are 5 things to do when visiting Oahu, Hawaii?
Answer: There are lots of things to do when visiting the Island of Oahu, Hawaii. Here are 5 common activities:
1. Go snorkeling and experience some of Hawaii’s amazing marine life at Hanauma Bay.
2. Walk the streets of downtown Honolulu and enjoy Hawaiian shave ice.
3. Take a trip to the Dole plantation to learn more about pineapples and try some of the famous Dole Soft Serve.
4. Visit the Polynesian Cultural Center to learn about Polynesian culture and the Pacific Islands.
5. Take a hike at Diamond Head Summit Trail for a panoramic view of Honolulu and the surrounding coastline.
Question: Write an apology letter to my wife for eating the last of the Oreo cookies and drinking the last of the milk.
Answer: To my lovely wife, 
I am very sorry for consuming the last of our Oreos and Milk. I was not thinking of you or anyone else in the house when I decided to eat them but selfishly only thinking of my own hunger and needs. In the future, I promise to check with you and the kids prior to eating the last of any delicious treat or food. 
My most sincere apologies. 
From, Your loving Husband.