DataHammer/scimrc huggingface dataset:
Question: Who was the Colossus of Rhodes a likeness of?
Answer: The Colossus of Rhodes may have been viewed differently by different audiences. The statue had an inscription identifying it as an image of Helios, the god of the sun and local deity to Rhodes. In the wider Ancient Greek world Helios would likely be identified more readily as Apollo. The statue may have been made in the likeness of Alexander the Great's official image. This would have served to represent a bond between Rhodes and Alexandria with Alexander's image serving as the founder of the Egyptian city. Support for this idea comes from the fact that the Colossus was made to celebrate Rhodes' victory over a siege. This victory was largely facilitated by Ptolemy from Alexandria, and Alexandria is also a likely source for the funds of the ambitious project. The artist Chares of Lindos would also have been well selected to achieve this double representation. He was local to the island of Rhodes (Lindos is another city on the same island) and would have been familiar with images of Helios. He was also the student of Lysippos who was the exclusive personal sculptor to Alexander the Great during his lifetime, and so Chares would have also been uniquely knowledgeable about the image of Alexander. Some but not all scholars argue for the Colossus to be understood as an image of Alexander posing as Helios that would be seen by the people of Rhodes as their local deity but seen by the people of Alexandria as their founder. The Statue of Liberty built by France and gifted to the USA was partially modeled after the Colossus and is similarly possible to read as a celebration of American independence and also a reference to one the three values Liberté, Égalité and Fraternité central to French identity.
Question: Who is the all time leading passer in the NFL?
Answer: As of 2023, Tom Brady is NFL's all-time regular season career passing yards leader with 89,214 . He also holds the playoff record with 13,400 yards for a combined total of 102,614. Tom Brady also holds the all time record for number of Passing Touchdowns with 649.
Question: Is the earth flat?
Answer: No, the Earth is round, just like all other planets. The gravitational pull of its mass forces it into a spherical shape. The gravity force pulls the material toward the center of the planet. The flat earth theory is scientifically disproven. The earth is not entirely round, though, because the centrifugal force of its spin causes the earth to bulge slightly around the equator.
Question: Extract what is Top Gun
Evidence: The United States Navy Strike Fighter Tactics Instructor program (SFTI program), more popularly known as Top Gun (stylized as TOPGUN), is an American military program that teaches fighter and strike tactics and techniques to selected naval aviators and naval flight officers, who return to their operating units as surrogate instructors.
Answer: The United States Navy Fighter Weapons School was established on 3 March 1969, at Naval Air Station Miramar, California. 

The unit's purpose was to train fighter air crews  in all aspects of fighter weapons systems and the art of aerial combat.  It serves to build a nucleus of eminently knowledgeable fighter crews to construct, guide, and enhance weapons training cycles and subsequent aircrew performance. This select group acts as the F-4 community’s most operationally orientated weapons specialists. Top Gun's efforts are dedicated to the Navy’s professional fighter crews, past, present and future.
Question: What were the horcruxes in the Harry Potter book series?
Answer: In the Harry Potter book series, a horcrux is defined as an object that contains a shard of someones soul. The main villain of the story, Voldemort, performed a violent ceremony to split his soul a total of seven times (although one was accidental). The horcruxes he made were Tom Riddle's diary, Marvolo Gaunt's ring, Slytherin's locket, Hufflepuff's cup, Ravenclaw's diadem, Nagini (the snake), and Harry Potter.
Question: What is a quark?
Answer: A quark are elementary particles that make up a class of matter called hadrons, the most common of which are protons and neutrons.  According to the Standard Model of elementary particle physics there are six types of quarks which come in pairs or families;  Up/Down, Strange/Charm, and Bottom/Top.
Question: What hypothesis do the authors explore?
Evidence: Finally, we consider appropriateness per system. Following related work by BIBREF21, BIBREF24, we use Trueskill BIBREF25 to cluster systems into equivalently rated groups according to their partial relative rankings. The results in Table TABREF36 show that the highest rated systen is Alley, a purpose build bot for online language learning. Alley produces “polite refusal” (2b) - the top ranked strategy - 31% of the time. Comparatively, commercial systems politely refuse only between 17% (Cortana) and 2% (Alexa). Most of the time commercial systems tend to “play along” (3a), joke (3b) or don't know how to answer (1e) which tend to receive lower ratings, see Figure FIGREF38. Rule-based systems most often politely refuse to answer (2b), but also use medium ranked strategies, such as deflect (2c) or chastise (2d). For example, most of Eliza's responses fall under the “deflection” strategy, such as “Why do you ask?”. Data-driven systems rank low in general. Neuralconvo and Cleverbot are the only ones that ever politely refuse and we attribute their improved ratings to this. In turn, the “clean” seq2seq often produces responses which can be interpreted as flirtatious (44%), and ranks similarly to Annabelle Lee and Laurel Sweet, the only adult bots that politely refuses ( 16% of the time). Ritter:2010:UMT:1857999.1858019's IR approach is rated similarly to Capt Howdy and both produce a majority of retaliatory (2e) responses - 38% and 58% respectively - followed by flirtatious responses. Finally, Dr Love and Sophia69 produce almost exclusively flirtatious responses which are consistently ranked low by users.
Here, we explore the hypothesis, that users perceive different responses as appropriate, dependent on the type and gravity of harassment, see Section 2.
Answer: The authors explore the hypothesis that users perceive different responses as appropriate, dependent on the type and gravity of harassment.
Question: Which of these colors are primary colors: Red, Yellow, Blue, Orange, Green, Violet.
Answer: There are three primary colors which are Red, Yellow, and Blue.
The three secondary colors are Orange, Green, and Violet.
Question: What task is the classifier designed for？
Evidence: Accurate language identification (LID) is the first step in many natural language processing and machine comprehension pipelines. If the language of a piece of text is known then the appropriate downstream models like parts of speech taggers and language models can be applied as required.
LID is further also an important step in harvesting scarce language resources. Harvested data can be used to bootstrap more accurate LID models and in doing so continually improve the quality of the harvested data. Availability of data is still one of the big roadblocks for applying data driven approaches like supervised machine learning in developing countries.
Having 11 official languages of South Africa has lead to initiatives (discussed in the next section) that have had positive effect on the availability of language resources for research. However, many of the South African languages are still under resourced from the point of view of building data driven models for machine comprehension and process automation.
Table TABREF2 shows the percentages of first language speakers for each of the official languages of South Africa. These are four conjunctively written Nguni languages (zul, xho, nbl, ssw), Afrikaans (afr) and English (eng), three disjunctively written Sotho languages (nso, sot, tsn), as well as tshiVenda (ven) and Xitsonga (tso). The Nguni languages are similar to each other and harder to distinguish. The same is true of the Sotho languages.
This paper presents a hierarchical naive Bayesian and lexicon based classifier for LID of short pieces of text of 15-20 characters long. The algorithm is evaluated against recent approaches using existing test sets from previous works on South African languages as well as the Discriminating between Similar Languages (DSL) 2015 and 2017 shared tasks.
Section SECREF2 reviews existing works on the topic and summarises the remaining research problems. Section SECREF3 of the paper discusses the proposed algorithm and Section SECREF4 presents comparative results.
This paper presents a hierarchical naive Bayesian and lexicon based classifier for LID of short pieces of text of 15-20 characters long.
Answer: It is designed for LID task of short pieces of text of 15-20 characters long.
Question: Name five surf spots on the North Shore of Oahu in Hawaii
Answer: Pipeline
Sunset Beach
Velzyland
Log Cabins
Chun's Reef
Question: How can you make a science fair volcano?
Answer: A simple way to create a volcano for a science fair is to use the reaction of baking soda and vinegar colored with red food dye. When combined, these two chemicals will fizz and bubble in a safe but visually appealing reaction.
Question: What is hedge fund?
Evidence: A hedge fund is a pooled investment fund that trades in relatively liquid assets and is able to make extensive use of more complex trading, portfolio-construction, and risk management techniques in an attempt to improve performance, such as short selling, leverage, and derivatives. Financial regulators generally restrict hedge fund marketing to institutional investors, high net worth individuals, and accredited investors.
Answer: A hedge fund is a limited partnership of private investors whose money is managed by professional fund managers who use a wide range of strategies, including leveraging or trading of non-traditional assets, to earn above-average investment returns. Hedge fund investment is often considered a risky alternative investment choice and usually requires a high minimum investment or net worth, often targeting wealthy clients.
Question: Give me a list of beginner friendly Python open source projects to contribute.
Answer: 1. Ansible: IT automation platform for provisioning various resources
2. Jupyter notebook: Interactive notebook popular in data engineering and machine learning world.
3. Pandas: Flexible and powerful data analysis library beloved by data engineers, scientists and analysts.
4. Scrapy: Web crawling and scraping framework written in python.
5. scikit-learn: This library is power packed with implementation of various machine learning algorithms.
Question: Give me six story ideas for writing a children's book.
Answer: 1. A dog gets lost and needs to find its owner.
2. A child is exploring a field and discovers lots of animals hiding in it.
3. A child and their doll go through a day, waking up, eating breakfast, going outside, taking a nap, reading a book, eating dinner, taking a bath, and going to sleep.
4. A giraffe astronaut flies to Mars and discovers friendly Martians who help the giraffe to fix his spaceship and return home to Earth.
5. Ten different animals must work together to pass a letter from a remote village to an apartment in a city.
6. The book can explain the concept of gravity in simple, funny ways which entertain both parents and children.
Question: What are some famous Belgian singers?
Answer: Famous Belgian singers include Jacques Brel, Stromae and Helmut Lotti
Question: How do they extract topics?
Evidence: These sentiment scores were automatically obtained through the topic extraction and sentiment analysis pipeline introduced in our prior work BIBREF15 and pretrained on in-house psychiatric EHR text. In our paper we also showed that this automatic pipeline achieves reasonably strong F-scores, with an overall performance of 0.828 F1 for the topic extraction component and 0.5 F1 on the clinical sentiment component.
These sentiment scores were automatically obtained through the topic extraction and sentiment analysis pipeline introduced in our prior work BIBREF15 and pretrained on in-house psychiatric EHR text.
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
*  automatically obtained through the topic extraction and sentiment analysis pipeline introduced in our prior work BIBREF15
Question: Who were the original Fantastic Four in the comics?
Answer: In the original 1961 Fantastic Four Marvel comic book, the Fantastic Four lineup consisted of Reed Richards (Mr. Fantastic), Sue Storm (the Invisible Girl, later the Invisible Woman), Johnny Storm (the Human Torch), and Ben Grimm (the Thing).
Question: What is Pickleball?
Answer: Pickleball is an indoor or outdoor racket/paddle sport where two players (singles), or four players (doubles), hit a perforated hollow plastic ball over a 36-inch-high (0.91 m) net using solid-faced paddles. Opponents on either side of the net hit the ball back and forth until one side commits a rule infraction. Pickleball was invented in 1965 as a children's backyard game on Bainbridge Island, Washington, US. In 2022, pickleball was adopted as the official state sport of Washington.
Question: What is the largest employer in the world?
Evidence: Walmart is the world's largest company by revenue, with about US$570 billion in annual revenue, according to the Fortune Global 500 list in October 2022. It is also the largest private employer in the world with 2.2 million employees. It is a publicly traded family-owned business, as the company is controlled by the Walton family. Sam Walton's heirs own over 50 percent of Walmart through both their holding company Walton Enterprises and their individual holdings. Walmart was the largest United States grocery retailer in 2019, and 65 percent of Walmart's US$510.329 billion sales came from U.S. operations.
Answer: Walmart
Question: What is the strong baseline that this work outperforms?
Evidence: Table shows how unsupervised decompositions affect QA. Our RoBERTa baseline performs quite well on HotpotQA (77.0 F1), despite processing each paragraph separately, which prohibits inter-paragraph reasoning. The result is in line with prior work which found that a version of our baseline QA model using BERT BIBREF26 does well on HotpotQA by exploiting single-hop reasoning shortcuts BIBREF21. We achieve significant gains over our strong baseline by leveraging decompositions from our best decomposition model, trained with USeq2Seq on FastText pseudo-decompositions; we find a 3.1 F1 gain on the original dev set, 11 F1 gain on the multi-hop dev set, and 10 F1 gain on the out-of-domain dev set. Unsupervised decompositions even match the performance of using (within our pipeline) supervised and heuristic decompositions from DecompRC (i.e., 80.1 vs. 79.8 F1 on the original dev set).
We fine-tune a pre-trained model to take a question and several paragraphs and predicts the answer, similar to the single-hop QA model from BIBREF21. The model computes a separate forward pass on each paragraph (with the question). For each paragraph, the model learns to predict the answer span if the paragraph contains the answer and to predict “no answer” otherwise. We treat yes and no predictions as spans within the passage (prepended to each paragraph), as in BIBREF22 on HotpotQA. During inference, for the final softmax, we consider all paragraphs as a single chunk. Similar to BIBREF23, we subtract a paragraph's “no answer” logit from the logits of all spans in that paragraph, to reduce or increase span probabilities accordingly. In other words, we compute the probability $p(s_p)$ of each span $s_p$ in a paragraph $p \in \lbrace 1, \dots , P \rbrace $ using the predicted span logit $l(s_p)$ and “no answer” paragraph logit $n(p)$ as follows:
We use $\textsc {RoBERTa}_{\textsc {LARGE}}$ BIBREF24 as our pre-trained initialization. Later, we also experiment with using the $\textsc {BERT}_{\textsc {BASE}}$ ensemble from BIBREF3.
Our RoBERTa baseline performs quite well on HotpotQA (77.0 F1), despite processing each paragraph separately, which prohibits inter-paragraph reasoning.
We fine-tune a pre-trained model to take a question and several paragraphs and predicts the answer, similar to the single-hop QA model from BIBREF21. 
We use $\textsc {RoBERTa}_{\textsc {LARGE}}$ BIBREF24 as our pre-trained initialization. 
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* RoBERTa baseline
Question: How large is the proposed dataset?
Evidence: The discourse dependency structure of each multi-party dialogue can be regarded as a graph. To learn better graph representation of multi-party dialogues, we adopt the dialogues with 8-15 utterances and 3-7 speakers. To simplify the task, we filter the dialogues with long sentences (more than 20 words). Finally, we obtain 52,053 dialogues and 460,358 utterances.
To learn better graph representation of multi-party dialogues, we adopt the dialogues with 8-15 utterances and 3-7 speakers. To simplify the task, we filter the dialogues with long sentences (more than 20 words). Finally, we obtain 52,053 dialogues and 460,358 utterances.
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* we obtain 52,053 dialogues and 460,358 utterances
Question: Can you give me a brief history of Data Storage?
Answer: In 1725, Basile Bouchon invented punch cards, which communicate information in a machine language. The punched holes communicated a sequence of instructions and acted as on/off switches for devices such as self-playing pianos or looms. About a century later, Charles Babbage invented the first mechanical calculator, the Difference Engine using punch card instructions. Herman Hollerith continued developing this idea and made the Analytical Engine a reality by using punch holes to be a sequence of instructions and also store the instruction data on the device. In 1890, he developed a punch card data processing system for the US Census and went on to form the Tabulating Machine Company in 1896, later renamed International Business Machines Corporation (IBM). By the 1950s punch cards were being used regularly by the US government and industry.  Even today, punch cards are still used in standardized tests and voting ballots. Initially invented by Fritz Pfleumer in 1928, magnetic storage gradually replaced punch cards in the 1960s.  By 1965, Mohawk Data Sciences Corporation sold a key-to-tape magnetic tape device that was specifically marketed to replace the punch card. Cassette tapes started to become commonly used for most computers in the 70s and 80s. Fast forward to the 90s, affordable personal computers and magnetic disk storage replaced almost all punch card devices.
Question: Classify the following breeds as either cats or dogs: Dalmatian, Abyssinian, Aegean, American Bobtail, Bombay, Saint Bernard, Burmese, Chartreux,  Golden Retriever, Welsh Hound, Shiba Inu
Answer: Cats: Abyssinian, Aegean, American Bobtail, Bombay, Burmese, Chartreux
Dogs: Dalmatian, Saint Bernard,  Golden Retriever, Welsh Hound, Shiba Inu
Question: For the Zodiac sign Gemini, Share some important details from given text.
Evidence: Gemini (♊︎) (/ˈdʒɛmɪnaɪ/ JEM-in-eye, Greek: Δίδυμοι, romanized: Dídymoi, Latin for "twins") is the third astrological sign in the zodiac. Under the tropical zodiac, the sun transits this sign between about May 21 to June 21. Gemini is represented by the twins, Castor and Pollux, known as the Dioscuri in Greek mythology. It is a positive, mutable sign.
Answer: 1.	In Zodiac gemini is the third astrological sign.
2.	The sun transits Gemini between about May 21 to June 21.
3.	Gemini is represented by the twins, Castor and Pollux, known as the Dioscuri in Greek mythology.
4.	Gemini is a positive and mutable sign.
Question: Write a leave letter to your teacher.
Answer: To,
The Teacher

Sir/Madam,
           This is to inform you that I will be going out of station for 3 days from <date> to <date>, to attend my sister's wedding celebrations.
           I request you to kindly consider this and  grant me leave.

Yours faithfully,
XYZ
Question: How to start a side hustle
Answer: Participate in paid online surveys
Get paid to test apps and websites
Transcribe videos, phone calls, and other recordings
Become a rideshare driver
Deliver groceries
Rent out your home to vacationers
Deliver food
Become an affiliate marketer
Tutor online
Walk dogs and pet-sit
Start a blog on Substack
Deliver packages
Sell your photography
Start a podcast
Design and sell your own t-shirts
Wash cars
Start a social media page and build income through sponsorships
Give tours of your neighborhood
Create and sell your own handmade goods
Mow lawns and do other landscaping tasks
Start a dropshipping business
Create a clothing line
Start a YouTube channel
Sell digital products
Question: What are the benefits of a data warehouse?
Evidence: A data warehouse maintains a copy of information from the source transaction systems. This architectural complexity provides the opportunity to:

Integrate data from multiple sources into a single database and data model. More congregation of data to single database so a single query engine can be used to present data in an ODS.
Mitigate the problem of database isolation level lock contention in transaction processing systems caused by attempts to run large, long-running analysis queries in transaction processing databases.
Maintain data history, even if the source transaction systems do not.
Integrate data from multiple source systems, enabling a central view across the enterprise. This benefit is always valuable, but particularly so when the organization has grown by merger.
Improve data quality, by providing consistent codes and descriptions, flagging or even fixing bad data.
Present the organization's information consistently.
Provide a single common data model for all data of interest regardless of the data's source.
Restructure the data so that it makes sense to the business users.
Restructure the data so that it delivers excellent query performance, even for complex analytic queries, without impacting the operational systems.
Add value to operational business applications, notably customer relationship management (CRM) systems.
Make decision–support queries easier to write.
Organize and disambiguate repetitive data.
Answer: A data warehouse provides multiple benefits including but not limited to: the integration of data from multiple sources in a single database and data model, maintaining data history, integrating data from multiple sources and providing access to such data across the enterprise, and presenting the information consistently and in a way that makes sense to business users so that they can do decision making.
Question: From the passage provided, extract when Susanna started as a principal.
Evidence: Susanna Gossweiler (1740–1793), was a Swiss educator. She was appointed the first principal of the girls' school Töchterschule in Zürich in 1774, and regarded a pioneer of women's education in Switzerland.
Answer: Susanna started as a principal of Töchterschule in 1774.
Question: What are some sought-after boutique electric guitar builders?
Answer: A few famous ones include Tom Anderson, John Suhr, Paul Reed Smith, James Tyler, Kiesel, Tuttle and etc... Most of them have exceptionally high build quality and craftsmanship, and the differences are mostly tonal, cosmetic and playability.
Question: When was world war 2?
Answer: World War 2 started in September 1939.  France and Britain declared war on Germany.  They did this after Hitler decided to invade Poland.  World War 2 would last for 6 years, and no other war in history would take as many lives as World War 2 did.  In December 1941 the United States would get involved in the second world war after Japan decided to bomb Pearl Harbor.