DataHammer/scimrc huggingface dataset:
Question: List the best-known types of Intellectual property. List the results in comma separated format.
Evidence: Intellectual property (IP) is a category of property that includes intangible creations of the human intellect. There are many types of intellectual property, and some countries recognize more than others. The best-known types are patents, copyrights, trademarks, and trade secrets. The modern concept of intellectual property developed in England in the 17th and 18th centuries. The term "intellectual property" began to be used in the 19th century, though it was not until the late 20th century that intellectual property became commonplace in most of the world's legal systems.

The main purpose of intellectual property law is to encourage the creation of a wide variety of intellectual goods. To achieve this, the law gives people and businesses property rights to the information and intellectual goods they create, usually for a limited period of time. This gives economic incentive for their creation, because it allows people to benefit from the information and intellectual goods they create, and allows them to protect their ideas and prevent copying. These economic incentives are expected to stimulate innovation and contribute to the technological progress of countries, which depends on the extent of protection granted to innovators.

The intangible nature of intellectual property presents difficulties when compared with traditional property like land or goods. Unlike traditional property, intellectual property is "indivisible", since an unlimited number of people can "consume" an intellectual good without its being depleted.Additionally, investments in intellectual goods suffer from appropriation problems: Landowners can surround their land with a robust fence and hire armed guards to protect it, but producers of information or literature can usually do little to stop their first buyer from replicating it and selling it at a lower price. Balancing rights so that they are strong enough to encourage the creation of intellectual goods but not so strong that they prevent the goods' wide use is the primary focus of modern intellectual property law.
Answer: patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets
Question: What is type 1 diabetes?
Evidence: Type 1 diabetes (T1D), formerly known as juvenile diabetes, is an autoimmune disease that originates when cells that make insulin (beta cells) are destroyed by the immune system. Insulin is a hormone required for the cells to use blood sugar for energy and it helps regulate glucose levels in the bloodstream. Before treatment this results in high blood sugar levels in the body. The common symptoms of this elevated blood sugar are frequent urination, increased thirst, increased hunger, weight loss, and other serious complications. Additional symptoms may include blurry vision, tiredness, and slow wound healing. Symptoms typically develop over a short period of time, often a matter of weeks.
Answer: Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where beta cells that make insulin are destroyed by the immune system. Insulin is required to help regulate glucose levels in the bloodstream.
Question: The International Booker Prize 2021 was given to whom?
Answer: David Diop
Question: What linguistic features were probed for?
Evidence: To formalize what it means for attention matrices to encode linguistic features, we use an attention probe, an analog of edge probing BIBREF11 . An attention probe is a task for a pair of tokens, $(token_i, token_j)$ where the input is a model-wide attention vector formed by concatenating the entries $a_{ij}$ in every attention matrix from every attention head in every layer. The goal is to classify a given relation between the two tokens. If a linear model achieves reliable accuracy, it seems reasonable to say that the model-wide attention vector encodes that relation. We apply attention probes to the task of identifying the existence and type of dependency relation between two words.
Our first experiment is an exploratory visualization of how word sense affects context embeddings. For data on different word senses, we collected all sentences used in the introductions to English-language Wikipedia articles. (Text outside of introductions was frequently fragmentary.) We created an interactive application, which we plan to make public. A user enters a word, and the system retrieves 1,000 sentences containing that word. It sends these sentences to BERT-base as input, and for each one it retrieves the context embedding for the word from a layer of the user's choosing.
We apply attention probes to the task of identifying the existence and type of dependency relation between two words.
Our first experiment is an exploratory visualization of how word sense affects context embeddings. 
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* dependency relation between two words
* word sense
Question: Why did Cato think that Carthage must be destroyed?
Evidence: Although Rome was successful in the first two Punic Wars, as it vied for dominance with the seafaring Punic city-state of Carthage in North Africa (now Tunisia), it suffered a number of humiliations and damaging reverses in the course of these engagements, especially at the Battle of Cannae in 216 BC. Rome nonetheless managed to win the Second Punic War thanks to Scipio Africanus in 201 BC. After its defeat, Carthage ceased to be a threat to Rome and was reduced to a small territory that was equivalent to what is now northeastern Tunisia.

However, Cato the Censor visited Carthage in 152 BC as a member of a senatorial embassy, which was sent to arbitrate a conflict between the Punic city and Massinissa, the king of Numidia. Cato, a veteran of the Second Punic War, was shocked by Carthage's wealth, which he considered dangerous for Rome. He then relentlessly called for its destruction and ended all of his speeches with the phrase, even when the debate was on a completely different matter. The Senate refused to follow him though, especially Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica Corculum, the son-in-law of Scipio Africanus and the most influential senator. Corculum opposed the war to preserve Roman unity and argued that the fear of a common enemy was necessary to keep the people in check. Like Cato, he ended all his speeches with the same phrase, "Carthage must be saved" (Carthago servanda est).
Answer: Cato felt that Carthage had bounced back too quickly from its defeats in the first two Punic wars, and would have remembered the disastrous defeat at Cannae. He thought that only completely destroying Carthage would remove it as a threat to Rome.
Question: What is the weather like in San Francisco, CA?
Answer: The weather in San Francisco is more mild than in the northern climates of the United States, and its seasonal weather pattern is different as well. Throughout the northern climates, there are four distinct seasons, including a warm (often hot and humid) summer and cold winter (with frequent temperatures below freezing) separated by more mild fall and winter seasons. In the city of San Francisco, the four seasons include a rainy, cool winter, relatively dry and sunny fall and spring, and a summer famous for it's cool foggy weather. This summer fog often fails to reach the suburbs of San Francisco, which are typically hot and dry in the summer.
Question: How much music theory knowledge is required to compose music?
Answer: Technically speaking, very little music theory knowledge is “required” to compose music. Music theory is, essentially, what musicians have learned over the course of several hundred years about how to write music that is interesting and sounds good. In other words, music theory is there to help you, not hold you back. 

When you learn music theory, what often happens is that you expand your broader understanding of music, which can be a very helpful safety net. The more music theory you know, the easier you’ll be able to distinguish between the good ideas and the not-so-good. You need to know the rules before you can break them. You need to be able to write by the book before you throw the book away. If not, you run the risk of writing music that’s not nearly as clever as you think it is, that tries to be daring and experimental but ends up just being dull and vanilla. And frankly, I just don’t see the value in ignoring all the work that centuries worth of musicians have done into knowing how music works. Putting the time into learning and really understanding it can only make you a better musician and a better composer.

So, that’s my answer. Learn at least as much theory as you need to know to understand the rules you want to break.
Question: Write a short story about a person who discovers a hidden room in the library. The story should include a plot twist and a clear resolution at the end.
Answer: Once upon a time, there was a librarian named Alice who had been working at the library for many years. She had always been fascinated by the mysterious hidden room in the library, but had never dared to explore it. One day, she decided to take a look inside. As she opened the door, she was shocked to find a room filled with valuable artifacts and ancient books. She quickly realized that the room had been forgotten for many years, and it was her duty to make sure it was returned to its rightful place. She worked hard to find the key to open the door, and eventually she did. She was amazed at what she had discovered, and the thrill of the discovery made her heart race. She returned the artifacts to their rightful places, and the room was returned to its former glory. The library was restored to its former glory, and Alice was proud of her achievement.
Question: Given this paragraph on Lady Gaga, tell me where she was born, the middle and high school she attended and how she considered herself in high school.
Evidence: Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta was born on March 28, 1986, at Lenox Hill Hospital in Manhattan, New York City, to an upper middle class Catholic family. Both of her parents have Italian ancestry. Her parents are Cynthia Louise (née Bissett), a philanthropist and business executive, and Internet entrepreneur Joseph Germanotta, and she has a younger sister named Natali. Brought up on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, Gaga said in an interview that her parents came from lower-class families and worked hard for everything. From age 11, she attended the Convent of the Sacred Heart, a private all-girls Roman Catholic school. Gaga has described her high-school self as "very dedicated, very studious, very disciplined" but also "a bit insecure". She considered herself a misfit and was mocked for "being either too provocative or too eccentric"
Answer: Lady Gaga was born at Lenox Hill Hospital in Manhattan, New York City. From age 11 Lady Gaga attended  Convent of Sacred Heart, an all-girls Roman Catholic school. In high school she considered herself a misfit.
Question: What do the authors leave for future work?
Evidence: We find that exposing cwr-based models to shallow syntax, either through new cwr learning architectures or explicit pipelined features, has little effect on their performance, across several tasks. Linguistic probing also shows that cwrs aware of such structures do not improve task transferability. Our architecture and methods are general enough to be adapted for richer inductive biases, such as those given by full syntactic trees (RNNGs; BIBREF32), or to different pretraining objectives, such as masked language modeling (BERT; BIBREF5); we leave this pursuit to future work.
Our architecture and methods are general enough to be adapted for richer inductive biases, such as those given by full syntactic trees (RNNGs;  Dyeret al., 2016), or to different pretraining objectives, such as masked language modeling (BERT; Devlinet al., 2018);  we leave this pursuit to future work.
Answer: The adaption of their architecture and methods for richer inductive biases, such as those given by full syntactic trees (RNNGs;  Dyeret al., 2016), or to different pretraining objectives, such as masked language modeling (BERT; Devlinet al., 2018).
Question: How many Olympic rings are there?
Answer: There are five Olympic rings that represent the union of the five continents and the meeting of athletes from throughout the world at the Olympic Games.
Question: Queen Elizabeth II was crowned at Westminster Abbey on which date?
Answer: June 2,1953
Question: Why do the SELQA and SQUAD show similar average question lengths (µq)?
Evidence: All corpora provide datasets/splits for answer selection, whereas only (WikiQA, SQuAD) and (WikiQA, SelQA) provide datasets for answer extraction and answer triggering, respectively. SQuAD is much larger in size although questions in this corpus are often paraphrased multiple times. On the contrary, SQuAD's average candidates per question ( INLINEFORM0 ) is the smallest because SQuAD extracts answer candidates from paragraphs whereas the others extract them from sections or infoboxes that consist of bigger contexts. Although InfoboxQA is larger than WikiQA or SelQA, the number of token types ( INLINEFORM1 ) in InfoboxQA is smaller than those two, due to the repetitive nature of infoboxes.
All corpora show similar average answer candidate lengths ( INLINEFORM0 ), except for InfoboxQA where each line in the infobox is considered a candidate. SelQA and SQuAD show similar average question lengths ( INLINEFORM1 ) because of the similarity between their annotation schemes. It is not surprising that WikiQA's average question length is the smallest, considering their questions are taken from search queries. InfoboxQA's average question length is relatively small, due to the restricted information that can be asked from the infoboxes. InfoboxQA and WikiQA show the least question-answer word overlaps over questions and answers ( INLINEFORM2 and INLINEFORM3 in Table TABREF2 ), respectively. In terms of the F1-score for overlapping words ( INLINEFORM4 ), SQuAD gives the least portion of overlaps between question-answer pairs although WikiQA comes very close.
Fig. FIGREF4 shows the distributions of seven question types grouped deterministically from the lexicons. Although these corpora have been independently developed, a general trend is found, where the what question type dominates, followed by how and who, followed by when and where, and so on.
Fig. FIGREF6 shows the distributions of answer categories automatically classified by our Convolutional Neural Network model trained on the data distributed by li:02a. Interestingly, each corpus focuses on different categories, Numeric for WikiQA and SelQA, Entity for SQuAD, and Person for InfoboxQA, which gives enough diversities for statistical learning to build robust models.
SELQA and SQUAD show similar average question lengths (µq) because of the similarity between their annotation schemes.
Answer: Because the similarity between their annotation schemes.
Question: What is the difference between a quartz watch and a mechanical watch?
Answer: A quartz watch utilizes an electronic mechanism and a quart crystal to provide a highly accurate time of day.  A mechanical watch is able to provide an accurate time of day based on a non-electronic mechanism.  Instead, a mainspring is used to provide energy to the mechanical mechanism
Question: What metrics are used in challenge?
Evidence: For evaluation, the Visual Dialog task employs four metrics. NDCG is the primary metric of the Visual Dialog Challenge which considers multiple similar answers as correct ones. The other three are MRR, recall@k, and mean rank where they only consider the rank of a single answer. Our experiments show the scores of NDCG and non-NDCG metrics from our image-only and joint models have a trade-off relationship due to their different ability (as shown in Sec.SECREF41) in completing Visual Dialog tasks: the image-only model has a high NDCG and low non-NDCG values while the joint model has a low NDCG and high non-NDCG values.
For evaluation, the Visual Dialog task employs four metrics. NDCG is the primary metric of the Visual Dialog Challenge which considers multiple similar answers as correct ones. The other three are MRR, recall@k, and mean rank where they only consider the rank of a single answer.
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* NDCG
* MRR
* recall@k
* mean rank
Question: How is human evaluation performed?
Evidence: For human evaluation of the models, we recruited another four English-speaking students from our university without any relationship to the authors' lab to rate the responses generated by the models. Specifically, we randomly shuffled the 100 dialogs in the test set, then we used the first three utterances of each dialog as the input to the three models being compared and let them generate the responses. According to the context given, the raters were instructed to evaluate the quality of the responses based on three criteria: (1) grammatical correctness—whether or not the response is fluent and free of grammatical mistakes; (2) contextual coherence—whether or not the response is context sensitive to the previous dialog history; (3) emotional appropriateness—whether or not the response conveys the right emotion and feels as if it had been produced by a human. For each criterion, the raters gave scores of either 0, 1 or 2, where 0 means bad, 2 means good, and 1 indicates neutral.
According to the context given, the raters were instructed to evaluate the quality of the responses based on three criteria: (1) grammatical correctness—whether or not the response is fluent and free of grammatical mistakes; (2) contextual coherence—whether or not the response is context sensitive to the previous dialog history; (3) emotional appropriateness—whether or not the response conveys the right emotion and feels as if it had been produced by a human. For each criterion, the raters gave scores of either 0, 1 or 2, where 0 means bad, 2 means good, and 1 indicates neutral.
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* (1) grammatical correctness
* (2) contextual coherence
* (3) emotional appropriateness
Question: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Whistle, Qiftelia
Answer: Qiftelia is string, Whistle is percussion.
Question: Other than Tanki, how many other known Amerindian settlements are on Aruba?
Evidence: Tanki is Papiamento for "pond", and Leendert is a common surname. An Amerindian village has been discovered near the town measuring 450 by 400 metres. It is one of the four known Amerindian settlements on Aruba. European pottery, pipes and bottles from the 18th century have also been discovered on the same site, suggesting a later resettlement.
Answer: Three (3). 4 - 1 = 3
Question: What was the previous state-of-the-art?
Evidence: In our paper, we opt for a state-of-the-art character bigram CNN classifier BIBREF4 , and investigate various ways in which the discourse information can be featurized and integrated into the CNN. Specifically,
In our paper, we opt for a state-of-the-art character bigram CNN classifier BIBREF4 , and investigate various ways in which the discourse information can be featurized and integrated into the CNN. 
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* character bigram CNN classifier
Question: What are some good flowers to plant in Hardiness Zone 7?
Answer: You can grow a lot of great flowers in Zone 7. For shady areas of your garden, try hostas, lily of the valley, and heuchera. If you have more sun, irises, roses, peonies, and begonias should all do well.
Question: What is a smart contract?
Answer: A smart contract is a computer program or a transaction protocol that is intended to automatically execute, control or document events and actions according to the terms of a contract or an agreement. The objectives of smart contracts are the reduction of need for trusted intermediators, arbitration costs, and fraud losses, as well as the reduction of malicious and accidental exceptions. Smart contracts are commonly associated with cryptocurrencies, and the smart contracts introduced by Ethereum are generally considered a fundamental building block for decentralized finance (DeFi) and NFT applications.
Question: what are capers
Answer: Capers are the small flower buds of the Capparis shrub that grows in the Mediterranean. As they're picked by hand, they're fairly pricey, but they're a versatile storecupboard ingredient that's ideal for adding a distinctive sour/salty flavour to many savoury dishes.
Question: How do you navigate through a forest?
Answer: Enter the forest taking 3 steps forward. Do a side step to the left, to bypass the small tree. Look up to see if you can spot squirrels and birds. Look straight ahead again. Take 6 steps forward. Make a 360 degrees turn to look around, you are in the forest now. Turn to you right and take 4 steps. There is a bench, sit down on it. Relax for a bit, and breathe in the fresh air. Stand up from the bench, and take the same route back. You can skip the 360 degree turn and the looking up the tree. However, this is up to you.
Question: What dataset is used for this task?
Evidence: We used the Pasokh dataset BIBREF42 that contains 100 Persian news documents each of which is associated with 5 summaries. Each summary consists of several sentences of the original text, selected by a human expert. Some sentences are slightly modified and are not, therefore, an exact copy of any original sentences. Documents are categorized into six categories such as political, economic and so on. The length of documents ranges from 4 to 156 sentences. Overall, it has about 2,500 sentences.
We used the Pasokh dataset BIBREF42 that contains 100 Persian news documents each of which is associated with 5 summaries. Each summary consists of several sentences of the original text, selected by a human expert. Some sentences are slightly modified and are not, therefore, an exact copy of any original sentences. Documents are categorized into six categories such as political, economic and so on. The length of documents ranges from 4 to 156 sentences. Overall, it has about 2,500 sentences.
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* the Pasokh dataset BIBREF42
Question: What should I do if I consume a household cleaner?
Answer: You should contact your local poison control who can give you medical advice
Question: Who wrote Vande Mataram poem?
Answer: Vande Mataram is a poem written in sanskritised Bengali by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee. The poem was first published in 1882 as part of Chatterjee's Bengali novel Anandmath.
Question: Where did the word supercalifragalistic come from, and what does it mean?
Answer: The word originated from the 1964 Disney musical film called Mary Poppins which was written by the Sherman Brothers, and sung by both Julie Andrews and Dick Van Dyke. The word was made up to as something to say when you really don't have anything to say, but it is also used in other instances when someone wants to describe something as being great or really good.
Question: Who won the Second World War?
Answer: There are no real winners in war, but the Second World War concluded with the liberation of German and Japanese occupied territories by the western allies (primarily the USA and Great Britain) and the Soviet Union.