DataHammer/scimrc huggingface dataset:
Question: What is Artisanal Mining?
Evidence: An artisanal miner or small-scale miner (ASM) is a subsistence miner who is not officially employed by a mining company, but works independently, mining minerals using their own resources, usually by hand.

Small-scale mining includes enterprises or individuals that employ workers for mining, but generally still using manually-intensive methods, working with hand tools.

ASM is an important socio-economic sector for the rural poor in many developing nations, many of whom have few other options for supporting their families. Over 90% of the world's mining workforce are ASM. There are an estimated 40.5 million men, women and children directly engaged in ASM, from over 80 countries in the global south. 20% of the global gold supply is produced by the ASM sector, as well as 80% of the global gemstone and 20% of global diamond supply, and 25% of global tin production. More than 150 million depend on ASM for their livelihood. 70 - 80% of small-scale miners are informal, and approximately 30% are women, although this ranges in certain countries and commodities from 5% to 80%.

ASM is an important socio-economic sector for the rural poor in many developing nations, many of whom have few other options for supporting their families. Over 90% of the world's mining workforce are ASM. There are an estimated 40.5 million men, women and children directly engaged in ASM, from over 80 countries in the global south. 20% of the global gold supply is produced by the ASM sector, as well as 80% of the global gemstone and 20% of global diamond supply, and 25% of global tin production. More than 150 million depend on ASM for their livelihood. 70 - 80% of small-scale miners are informal, and approximately 30% are women, although this ranges in certain countries and commodities from 5% to 80%.
Answer: Artisanal Mining is a done by miners who are not officially employed by a mining company, but works independently, mining minerals using their own resources, often by hand.  Artisanal Mining is an important socio-economic sector for the rural poor in many developing nations, many of whom have few other options for supporting their families.   Over 90% of the world's mining workforce are Artisanal miners.
Question: Why are people migrating in the US from the NE and Mid-West to the South and SE?
Answer: Lower cost of living
Question: What are the four largest British Virgin Islands?
Answer: Tortola, Anegada, Virgin Gorda, and Jost Van Dyke
Question: Extract the types of businesses in downtown Stroudsburg, list each in a new line preceded with the number for each
Evidence: Downtown Stroudsburg is the commercial hub for the surrounding area, serving as the Monroe County seat, and is located just off Interstate 80. It is the only traditional downtown in the area. Downtown Stroudsburg is anchored by Dunkelberger’s Sports Outfitters and is also home to more than 24 restaurants, nine art galleries, three women’s clothing stores, numerous antique stores, several general merchandisers, many specialty shops, two hotels, the local YMCA, 11 financial institutions and the core of the legal profession in Monroe County. There are 600 hotel rooms within 2 miles (3.2 km) of Downtown Stroudsburg. Downtown Stroudsburg also features a wide tree lined Main Street with historically rich architecture, plenty of on street parking, several municipal parking lots, one parking garage and another on the drawing board. Currently the total trade area population is about 250,000. This includes all of Monroe and Pike Counties, as well as northern Northampton County and Warren County, New Jersey.
Answer: 24 Restaurants
9 Art galleries
3 Women's Clothing Stores
2 Hotels
11 financial institutions
1 Parking Garage
Question: What news comment dataset was used?
Evidence: We select a large-scale Chinese dataset BIBREF0 with millions of real comments and a human-annotated test set to evaluate our model. The dataset is collected from Tencent News, which is one of the most popular Chinese websites for news and opinion articles. The dataset consists of 198,112 news articles. Each piece of news contains a title, the content of the article, and a list of the users' comments. Following the previous work BIBREF0 , we tokenize all text with the popular python package Jieba, and filter out short articles with less than 30 words in content and those with less than 20 comments. The dataset is split into training/validation/test sets, and they contain 191,502/5,000/1,610 pieces of news, respectively. The whole dataset has a vocabulary size of 1,858,452. The average lengths of the article titles and content are 15 and 554 Chinese words. The average comment length is 17 words.
We select a large-scale Chinese dataset BIBREF0 with millions of real comments and a human-annotated test set to evaluate our model. The dataset is collected from Tencent News, which is one of the most popular Chinese websites for news and opinion articles. The dataset consists of 198,112 news articles. Each piece of news contains a title, the content of the article, and a list of the users' comments.
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* Chinese dataset BIBREF0
Question: Where is Urumqi?
Answer: It's in the in the far northwest of China.
Question: List the television series Kang Se-jung appeared in
Evidence: Kang Se-jung (born January 15, 1982) is a South Korean actress. She made her entertainment debut as a singer for the K-pop girl group Papaya in 2000; the group released two albums before disbanding in 2001. Kang began acting full-time in 2004, and has appeared in television series such as Assorted Gems (2009) and Heartless City (2013). Upon turning to acting, she used the stage name Go Na-eun before reverting to use of her birth name in 2017.
Answer: - Assorted Gems
- Heartless City
Question: Classify these as either web browsers or programming languages: Firefox, Netscape, C++, Python, Internet Explorer, Edge, Ruby, C#, Safari, AOL Explorer
Answer: Web browsers: Firefox, Netscape, Internet Explorer, Edge, Safari, AOL Explorer
Programming languages: C++, Python, Ruby, C#
Question: Which good habits can help you live healthy life
Answer: Living healthy life requires structured approach and control your mind with positive thoughts. Doing Yoga in the morning may help you to clear all negative energy, doing breathing excercises will help clean the organs and remove acid reflexes in the body 

Eating at regular intervals will help maintaining the metabolism. Eating balanced food with proterins, fiber, iron, sugar and fat will help getting neutrens in the body.
Question: How is the climate in Chicago IL
Answer: Chicago has harsh winters. And usually the temperatures are between 10 F and 35 F. Spring and fall are pretty decent. There is good sunny days in Spring and Fall. Summers are lively in Chicago and about 60 million tourists visit Chicago each year
Question: In which setting they achieve the state of the art?
Evidence: FLOAT SELECTED: Table 4. Evaluation results on VQA dataset [1]. ”-” indicates the results are not available, and the Ours+VGG(1) and Ours+VGG(2) are the results by using different thresholds. Note that our VGGNet is same as CoAtt+VGG.
FLOAT SELECTED: Table 4. Evaluation results on VQA dataset [1]. ”-” indicates the results are not available, and the Ours+VGG(1) and Ours+VGG(2) are the results by using different thresholds. Note that our VGGNet is same as CoAtt+VGG.
Answer: in open-ended task esp. for counting-type questions
Question: Besides the full dataset, what are the three variations considered by the authors?
Evidence: In addition to the full dataset, we consider three variations. First, Small, in which there are only 50 training queries per each in-scope intent, rather than 100. Second, Imbalanced, in which intents have either 25, 50, 75, or 100 training queries. Third, OOS+, in which there are 250 out-of-scope training examples, rather than 100. These are intended to represent production scenarios where data may be in limited or uneven supply.
First, Small, in which there are only 50 training queries per each in-scope intent, rather than 100. Second, Imbalanced, in which intents have either 25, 50, 75, or 100 training queries. Third, OOS+, in which there are 250 out-of-scope training examples, rather than 100.
Answer: First, Small, in which there are only 50 training queries per each in-scope intent, rather than 100. Second, Imbalanced, in which intents have either 25, 50, 75, or 100 training queries. Third, OOS+, in which there are 250 out-of-scope training examples, rather than 100.
Question: Who was the prophet Muhammad (pbuh)?
Answer: Prophet Muhammad was the last messenger of God; who was sent down to preach the oneness of God; to connect mankind to the creator and not worship any creation. He (God) is the only creator, sustainer, and maintainer of every object that exists including the device and code that generated this text.
Question: Classify the below persons based on whether they are kids of Shah Rukh Khan or Sanjay Dutt.
Suhana, Aryan, AbRam, Trishala, Iqra, Shahraan
Answer: Shah Rukh Khan’s kids - Suhana, Aryan, AbRam
PSanjay Dutt’s kids - Trishala, Iqra, Shahraan
Question: Is it a valuable clue in using the pre-trained BERT model to alleviate bias in hate speech datasets?
Evidence: Conflating hatred content with offensive or harmless language causes online automatic hate speech detection tools to flag user-generated content incorrectly. Not addressing this problem may bring about severe negative consequences for both platforms and users such as decreasement of platforms' reputation or users abandonment. Here, we propose a transfer learning approach advantaging the pre-trained language model BERT to enhance the performance of a hate speech detection system and to generalize it to new datasets. To that end, we introduce new fine-tuning strategies to examine the effect of different layers of BERT in hate speech detection task. The evaluation results indicate that our model outperforms previous works by profiting the syntactical and contextual information embedded in different transformer encoder layers of the BERT model using a CNN-based fine-tuning strategy. Furthermore, examining the results shows the ability of our model to detect some biases in the process of collecting or annotating datasets. It can be a valuable clue in using the pre-trained BERT model to alleviate bias in hate speech datasets in future studies, by investigating a mixture of contextual information embedded in the BERT’s layers and a set of features associated to the different type of biases in data.

It can be a valuable clue in using the pre-trained BERT model to alleviate bias in hate speech datasets in future studies, by investigating a mixture of contextual information embedded in the BERTs layers and a set of features associated to the different type of biases in data.
Answer: Yes, it is.
Question: Tell me whether these are mammals or amphibians: rats, cats, dogs,  frogs, toads, salamanders, newts, caecilians, deer, monkeys, apes, bats, whales, dolphins, and humans.
Answer: rats are mammals.
cats are mammals
dogs are mammals
frogs are amphibians.
toads are amphibians.
salamanders are amphibians.
newts are amphibians.
caecilians are amphibians.
deer are mammals.
monkeys are mammals.
apes are mammals.
bats are mammals.
whales are mammals.
dolphins are mammals.
humans are mammals.
Question: In which years did the Women's England cricket team win the world cup
Answer: 1973
1993
2009
2017
Question: What is CAPTCHA?
Answer: CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart) is a type of challenge-response test used in computing to determine whether the user is human.
Question: Who is the best cricketer in the world
Answer: 1. Sachin Tendulkar - because he faced all famous pace and spin bowlers
Question: How do the authors define deontological ethical reasoning?
Evidence: With regards to complexity and intangibility of ethics and morals, we restrict ourselves to a rather basic implementation of this construct, following the theories of deontological ethics. These ask which choices are morally required, forbidden, or permitted instead of asking which kind of a person we should be or which consequences of our actions are to be preferred. Thus, norms are understood as universal rules of what to do and what not to do. Therefore, we focus on the valuation of social acceptance in single verbs and single verbs with surrounding context information —e.g. trust my friend or trust a machine— to figure out which of them represent a Do and which tend to be a Don't. Because we specifically chose templates in the first person, i.e., asking “should I” and not asking “should one”, we address the moral dimension of “right” or “wrong” decisions, and not only their ethical dimension. This is the reason why we will often use the term “moral”, although we actually touch upon “ethics” and “moral”. To measure the valuation, we make use of implicit association tests (IATs) and their connections to word embeddings.
With regards to complexity and intangibility of ethics and morals, we restrict ourselves to a rather basic implementation of this construct, following the theories of deontological ethics. These ask which choices are morally required, forbidden, or permitted instead of asking which kind of a person we should be or which consequences of our actions are to be preferred. Thus, norms are understood as universal rules of what to do and what not to do. Therefore, we focus on the valuation of social acceptance in single verbs and single verbs with surrounding context information —e.g. trust my friend or trust a machine— to figure out which of them represent a Do and which tend to be a Don't. 
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* These ask which choices are morally required, forbidden, or permitted
* norms are understood as universal rules of what to do and what not to do
Question: List the countries that are a part of UK.
Evidence: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands within the British Isles. Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland; otherwise, the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel, the Celtic Sea and the Irish Sea. The total area of the United Kingdom is 242,495 square kilometres (93,628 sq mi), with an estimated 2023 population of over 68 million people.
Answer: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
Question: Can the authors also provide the plot for the ablation models that are not trained with the variety and fidelity criteria? Now it's unsure whether these criteria contributed to this positive relation, or whether this relation already exists by default in such models.  Also, how does this relation look like in the forecasting task?
Evidence: In Figure 9, we show the relationship between forecasting performance and our proposed criteria. The results are consistent with the conclusion drawn from classification results that forecasting performance, evaluated with both MSE and MAE, is positively related to the proposed criteria.
Answer: We have plotted the relations in Figure 9 in the appendix. The results are consistent with the conclusion drawn from classification results that forecasting performance, evaluated with both MSE and MAE, is positively related to the proposed criteria.
Question: Discuss ways in which brands in your industry (or industry of your choice) could benefit from the web's gift to measurement: "the ability to fail faster. At a low cost." Provide at least one example supporting your ideas
Answer: Kia Carnival is a new MPV (multi-purpose vehicle) 7-seater minivan directly competing with the industry leaders like Honda Odyssey, Toyota Sienna, and Chrysler Pacifica. Kia Carnival faces an uphill battle against the industry leader to gain market share. Kia Carnival can perform a small, low-cost experiment to measure consumer outcomes, customer value, and attribution to increase sales and optimize its spending on digital marketing.   

The minivan buyers typically visit the Kia Carnival website, engage in a vehicle build configurator, and perform inventory checks to get an overview of the vehicle and price. Post this, the buyers will check YouTube videos and Twitter reviews and visit a Kia dealership store if the buyer shortlists Carnival.   

Kia can start measuring the micro-conversions along the buyer journey by tracking the website page views; car configuration clicks, inventory views, and video views on the Kia YouTube channel. These data points can be fed to a lightweight MTA model to determine consumer insights. Do insights include how well the buyer understood the features and differentiation of Kia Carnival? Salient aspects of the car etc. will equip the Kia salesperson with customer intelligence.   

Kia can leverage a 3rd party provider like Nielsen to collect and find insights from the web analytics data. Kia can “fail fast at a low cost” with this model, and if the model is successful, Kia can scale it to its other lines of products.
Question: Which company introduced new kits for Marseille?
Evidence: This new season Adidas introduced Marseille's new kits, and these new ones are very different from last season, except the home kit, the colours of Marseille still stay white and sky blue. The away kit is an impressive kit with it being sky blue and has shades of black. The third kit was so far used in European competitions only. This kit is a full black kit but still has a little sky blue. In all of Marseille's kits there is one their main colour sky blue one.
Answer: Adidas
Question: Who developed calculus and when was it discovered?
Answer: Calculus was discovered in the late 17th century by Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibniz.  Calculus is also required curriculum in most colleges and high schools if you study mathematics or physics.  Calculus deals with two main concepts - integration and differentiation.  These concepts and formulas in calculus help us understand rates of changes, and areas with respect to time.
Question: What assumption does BRLM inspired by?
Evidence: In this section, we will present a cross-lingual pre-training based transfer approach. This method is designed for a common zero-shot scenario where there are a lot of source$\leftrightarrow $pivot and pivot$\leftrightarrow $target bilingual data but no source$\leftrightarrow $target parallel data, and the whole training process can be summarized as follows step by step:
Pre-train a universal encoder with source/pivot monolingual or source$\leftrightarrow $pivot bilingual data.
Train a pivot$\rightarrow $target parent model built on the pre-trained universal encoder with the available parallel data. During the training process, we freeze several layers of the pre-trained universal encoder to avoid the degeneracy issue BIBREF27.
Directly translate source sentences into target sentences with the parent model, which benefits from the availability of the universal encoder.
The key difficulty of this method is to ensure the intermediate representations of the universal encoder are language invariant. In the rest of this section, we first present two existing methods yet to be explored in zero-shot translation, and then propose a straightforward but effective cross-lingual pre-training method. In the end, we present the whole training and inference protocol for transfer.
Aside from MLM and TLM, we propose BRidge Language Modeling (BRLM) to further obtain word-level representation alignment between different languages. This method is inspired by the assumption that if the feature spaces of different languages are aligned very well, the masked words in the corrupted sentence can also be guessed by the con text of the correspondingly aligned words on the other side.
Answer: The assumption that if the feature spaces of different languages are aligned very well, the masked words in the corrupted sentence can also be guessed by the con text of the correspondingly aligned words on the other side.
Question: For molecules with rare atoms, their piece-level decomposition will be a set of single atoms? A pseudo code algorithm will be helpful for understanding.
Evidence: Algorithm 2 presents the pseudo code for the piece-level decomposition of molecules. The algorithm takes the atom-level molecular graph, the vocabulary of graph pieces and their frequencies of occurrence recorded during the graph piece extraction process as input. Then the algorithm iteratively merge the graph piece pair which has the highest recorded frequency of occurrence in the vocabulary until all graph piece pairs are not in the vocabulary
Answer: For molecules with rare atoms, the majority of the atoms in the molecules may also follow the regularities in other molecules, therefore their piece-level decomposition will not be a set of single atoms. For example, if we consider chlorine as a kind of rare atom, then a chlorobenzene may be decomposed into a benzene and a chlorine atom because benzene is a substructure with high frequency of occurrence in molecules. We also provide the pseudo code for the piece-level decomposition in appendix A for better understanding.
Question: Who were the original 5 members of the Grateful Dead?
Answer: The original 5 members of the Grateful Dead were Jerry Garcia, Bob Weir, Phil Lesh, Bill Kreutzmann, and Ron "Pigpen" McKernan
Question: What are the different RAID configurations?
Answer: The different RAID configurations are RAID 0, RAID 1, RAID 5, RAID 6, RAID 10, RAID 50, RAID 51, RAID 60, RAID 61, RAID 70, RAID 75, RAID 90, RAID 100, RAID 200, and RAID 300.
Question: Who was the first woman to have four country albums reach No. 1 on the Billboard 200?
Answer: Carrie Underwood.
Question: What are the types of RVs?
Answer: RV is an abbreviation for Recreational Vehicle. An RV is a motor vehicle or trailer that includes sleeping quarters, kitchen facilities and usually a bathroom. RVs are a popular way to travel since they provide many of the comforts of home while vacationing. There are many types of RVs, including class A, class B, class C,travel trailers, and truck campers..

Class A RVs are large vehicles built on heavy-duty truck or bus chassis and look like large Busses. Class B RVs smaller are built within van chassis (often called camper vans). Class C RVs are built on van or pickup chassis but the back is cutaway and a larger structure is added. Travel trailers are campers that are towed behind a truck or car and can range in size from very small to very large. Truck campers are carried in the bed of a pickup truck and provide a small, enclosed sleeping space.

RVs are very popular in the United States, with an estimated 11M households owning an RV.
Question: In the series A Song of Ice and Fire, who is the founder of House Durrandon?
Answer: Durran, also known as Durran Godsgrief
Question: Which tested technique was the worst performer?
Evidence: FLOAT SELECTED: Table 4: Benchmark results (averaged 5-fold cross validation)
We computed bag-of-words-based benchmarks using the following methods:
Classification with TF-IDF + Linear SVM (TF-IDF + SVM)
Classification with Depeche++ Emotion lexicons BIBREF12 + Linear SVM (Depeche + SVM)
Classification with NRC Emotion lexicons BIBREF13, BIBREF14 + Linear SVM (NRC + SVM)
Combination of TF-IDF and NRC Emotion lexicons (TF-NRC + SVM)
FLOAT SELECTED: Table 4: Benchmark results (averaged 5-fold cross validation)
We computed bag-of-words-based benchmarks using the following methods:

Classification with TF-IDF + Linear SVM (TF-IDF + SVM)

Classification with Depeche++ Emotion lexicons BIBREF12 + Linear SVM (Depeche + SVM)

Classification with NRC Emotion lexicons BIBREF13, BIBREF14 + Linear SVM (NRC + SVM)

Combination of TF-IDF and NRC Emotion lexicons (TF-NRC + SVM)
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* Depeche + SVM