DataHammer/scimrc huggingface dataset:
Question: Which is heavier: 1kg of flour or 1kg of steel?
Answer: A kilogram (kg) is a unit of weight, so it doesn't matter what material is being weighed - a kilogram will always be equal to a kilogram. Therefore, both weigh the same.
Question: What is the 2018 TicketGuardian 500
Evidence: The 2018 TicketGuardian 500 was a Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series race held on March 11, 2018, at ISM Raceway in Avondale, Arizona. Contested over 312 laps on the one-mile (1.6 km) oval, it was the fourth race of the 2018 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series season. It would also be the last Phoenix race to be using the 2011 reconfiguration as the start/finish line will be moved to the back-straightaway just past turn two for the November race.
Answer: The 2018 TicketGuardian 500 was a 312 lap NASCAR Cup Series race in Avondale, Arizona on March 11, 2018.
Question: Extract all of the names of people in the below text separated by commas and ordered in alphabetical order by first name
Evidence: In addition to being well known for articles about scenery, history, and the most distant corners of the world, the magazine has been recognized for its book-like quality and its standard of photography. It was during the tenure of Society President Alexander Graham Bell and editor Gilbert H. Grosvenor (GHG) that the significance of illustration was first emphasized, in spite of criticism from some of the Board of Managers who considered the many illustrations an indicator of an “unscientific” conception of geography. By 1910, photographs had become the magazine's trademark and Grosvenor was constantly on the search for "dynamical pictures" as Graham Bell called them, particularly those that provided a sense of motion in a still image. In 1915, GHG began building the group of staff photographers and providing them with advanced tools including the latest darkroom.The magazine began to feature some pages of color photography in the early 1930s, when this technology was still in its early development. During the mid-1930s, Luis Marden (1913–2003), a writer and photographer for National Geographic, convinced the magazine to allow its photographers to use the so-called "miniature" 35 mm Leica cameras loaded with Kodachrome film over bulkier cameras with heavy glass plates that required the use of tripods.In 1959, the magazine started publishing small photographs on its covers, later becoming larger photographs. National Geographic photography quickly shifted to digital photography for both its printed magazine and its website. In subsequent years, the cover, while keeping its yellow border, shed its oak leaf trim and bare table of contents, to allow for a full page photograph taken for one of the month's articles. Issues of National Geographic are often kept by subscribers for years and re-sold at thrift stores as collectibles. The standard for photography has remained high over the subsequent decades and the magazine is still illustrated with some of the highest-quality photojournalism in the world. In 2006, National Geographic began an international photography competition, with over eighteen countries participating.
Answer: Alexander Graham Bell, Gilbert H. Grosvenor, Luis Marden
Question: What is Pascal?
Answer: Pascal is an imperative and procedural programming language, designed by Niklaus Wirth as a small, efficient language intended to encourage good programming practices using structured programming and data structuring. It is named in honour of the French mathematician, philosopher and physicist Blaise Pascal.
Question: From the paragraph provided, extract the mechanisms of heat transfer.
Evidence: Heat transfer is a discipline of thermal engineering that concerns the generation, use, conversion, and exchange of thermal energy (heat) between physical systems. Heat transfer is classified into various mechanisms, such as thermal conduction, thermal convection, thermal radiation, and transfer of energy by phase changes. Engineers also consider the transfer of mass of differing chemical species (mass transfer in the form of advection), either cold or hot, to achieve heat transfer. While these mechanisms have distinct characteristics, they often occur simultaneously in the same system.
Answer: The mechanisms of heat transfer include thermal conduction, thermal convection, thermal radiation, and transfer of energy by phase changes, although engineers also consider mass transfer in the form of advection a form of heat transfer.
Question: What is the best-selling book of all time?
Answer: According to Guinness World Records as of 1995, the Bible is the best-selling book of all time with an estimated 5 billion copies sold and distributed.
Question: Does the author select all the nonauxiliary verbs in a sentence as predicates?
Evidence: As established in previous work BIBREF7 , BIBREF8 , we use a standard unsupervised SRL setup, consisting of the following steps:
The task we model, unsupervised semantic role induction, is the step 4 of this pipeline.
We select all the nonauxiliary verbs in a sentence as predicates.
Answer: Yes.
Question: How do you make the color green out of other colors?
Answer: You can make green by mixing blue and yellow together
Question: From the passage provided, extract the type of breed and the characteristics of the dog ?
Evidence: The Golden Retriever is a Scottish breed of retriever dog of medium size. It is characterised by a gentle and affectionate nature and a striking golden coat. It is commonly kept as a pet and is among the most frequently registered breeds in several Western countries. It is a frequent competitor in dog shows and obedience trials; it is also used as a gundog, and may be trained for use as a guide dog.
Answer: It is a Scottish breed and it is characterised by a gentle and affectionate nature and also a golden coat.
Question: Name a good ski mountain in Vermont
Answer: Jay Peak is an excellent mountain for skiing in VT. It sits at one of the most Northern parts of Vermont and is the Northern most ski resort in the state. Because of that, Jay Peak averages more snowfall then any other mountain in Vermont. Additionally, because of it's remote location it is also ideal for a getaway that feels like a true getaway. There is also an indoor waterpark, several excellent dining options, rock climbing wall, arcade, and a movie theater to keep the entire family entertained. Because of its proximity to Canada, you can also take a day trip to Montreal which is an added bonus. The ski conditions are also the best in Vermont which makes Jay Peak an ideal mountain for a ski vacation in Vermont
Question: From the passage provided, extract the years when the galaxies were added to the catalogue. Include the names of astronomers that added them. Separate them with a comma.
Evidence: The catalogue consists of a diverse range of astronomical objects, from star clusters and nebulae to galaxies. For example, Messier 1 is a supernova remnant, known as the Crab Nebula, and the great spiral Andromeda Galaxy is M31. Further inclusions followed, the first addition came from Nicolas Camille Flammarion in 1921, who added Messier 104 after finding Messier's side note in his 1781 edition exemplar of the catalogue. M105 to M107 were added by Helen Sawyer Hogg in 1947, M108 and M109 by Owen Gingerich in 1960, and M110 by Kenneth Glyn Jones in 1967.
Answer: 1921, Nicolas Camille Flammarion
1947, Helen Sawyer Hogg
1960, Owen Gingerich
1967, Kenneth Glyn Jones
Question: To acquire Swedish citizenship by naturalisation what should be the minimum age of the applicant and what documents are required.
Evidence: Swedish citizenship can be acquired by naturalisation, also known as citizenship by application. A foreigner may be granted Swedish citizenship upon meeting certain requirements. Person should be able to prove identity, 18 years of age or older, has a permanent residence permit or
has a right of residence or residence card (applies to EU citizens or close relatives of EU citizens), meets the requirements for habitual residence and has maintained good conduct while in Sweden.
Answer: Minimum age should be 18 years and applicant should have permanent residence permit or right of residence.
Question: What is the main benefit of the fianchetto in chess openings?
Evidence: In chess, the fianchetto (English: /ˌfiənˈkɛtoʊ/ or /ˌfiənˈtʃɛtoʊ/; Italian: [fjaŋˈketto] "little flank") is a pattern of development wherein a bishop is developed to the second rank of the adjacent b- or g-file, the knight pawn having been moved one or two squares forward.

The fianchetto is a staple of many "hypermodern" openings, whose philosophy is to delay direct occupation of the centre with the plan of undermining and destroying the opponent's occupied centre. It also regularly occurs in Indian defences. The fianchetto is less common in Open Games (1.e4 e5), but the king bishop is sometimes fianchettoed by Black in the Ruy Lopez or by White in an uncommon variation of the Vienna Game.

One of the major benefits of the fianchetto is that it often allows the fianchettoed bishop to become more active. A fianchettoed position, however, also presents some opportunities for the opponent: if the fianchettoed bishop can be exchanged, the squares the bishop was formerly protecting will become weak (see hole) and can form the basis of an attack (particularly if the fianchetto was performed on the kingside). Exchanging the fianchettoed bishop should not be done lightly, therefore, especially if the enemy bishop on same-coloured squares is still on the board.
Answer: The fianchetto follows the "hypermodern" opening philosophy. It lets a bishop become more active from the flanks, attacking the center of the board without directly occupying it.
Question: Can we move away from fossil fuels in the next decade  ?
Answer: According to the most recent report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and a consensus statement from over 97% of the world’s climate scientists, burning fossil fuels for electricity, heat, and transportation is the largest contributor to human driven climate change. Fossil fuels are responsible for over 75% of Greenhouse gas emissions and over 97% of carbon dioxide emissions. These reports have also stressed that there’s an immediate need to move away from these fuels in the near future. 

The challenge to this paradigm shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy is a combination of social and political barriers, the cost for new infrastructure to manage new energy portfolios , fossil fuel phase-out may lead to an increment in electricity prices and challenges to energy storage. 

In April 2022, McKinsey published their Energy Insights Global Energy Perspective report, where they highlighted a rapid increase in traditional energy ( Oil and Gas) over the next 5 years, however the report also shows a rise in renewable energy and Hydrogen following that 5 year mark. While each adoption of this will differ in each country, the consensus is we will have a mixed energy portfolio (renewables and traditional) for the next 3 decades. The data also suggests as we see technology improve for more sustainable management of assets, batteries and resources, we will see a decline in the extraction , transportation  and consumption of fossil fuels.
Question: I like live music. What are some examples of improvisational live music?
Answer: There are many different types of improvisational live music. They range from Jazz music to the Spoken Word. There are many bands and performers who are famous for their improvisation on stage. Some examples are Charlie Parker, John Coltrane, the Grateful Dead, and Phish.
Question: Which was the first satellite launched by China?
Answer: Dongfanghong-1 was the first satellite launched by China
Question: What are three different club teams Cristiano Ronaldo has played for?
Answer: Cristiano Ronaldo has played for Manchester United, Real Madrid, and Juventus.
Question: Classify the following as either muscle car or minivan: Odyssey, Mustang, Sienna, Camero, Challenger
Answer: Muscle car: Mustang, Camero, Challenger
Minivan: Odyssey, Sienna
Question: Given this paragraph, which was built first Disneyland or Disney World?
Evidence: Designed to supplement Disneyland in Anaheim, California, which had opened in 1955, the complex was developed by Walt Disney in the 1960s. "The Florida Project", as it was known, was intended to present a distinct vision with its own diverse set of attractions. Walt Disney's original plans also called for the inclusion of an "Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow" (EPCOT), a planned community intended to serve as a testbed for new city-living innovations. Walt Disney died on December 15, 1966, during the initial planning of the complex. After his death, the company wrestled with the idea of whether to bring the Disney World project to fruition; however, Walt's older brother, Roy O. Disney, came out of retirement to make sure Walt's biggest dream was realized. Construction started in 1967, with the company instead building a resort similar to Disneyland, abandoning the experimental concepts for a planned community. The Magic Kingdom was the first theme park to open in the complex, in 1971, followed by Epcot (1982), Disney's Hollywood Studios (1989), and Disney's Animal Kingdom (1998). It was Roy who insisted the name of the entire complex be changed from Disney World to Walt Disney World, ensuring that people would remember that the project was Walt's dream.
Answer: According to this text, Disneyland was built first in 1955, with Disney World construction starting later in 1967 and first opening in 1971.
Question: Why is Arsenal FC a great football club?
Answer: Arsenal is one of the greatest football clubs in the world for many reasons. First of all, it has one of the largest global fanbases from all continents on the globe. The fan base headcount is within the top 10 of all existing sports teams. It has been one of the most successful clubs in terms of winning silverware, with 13 league titles and 14 FA cups to its name. It has a rich history of having international players that go on to become some of the greatest players in football/soccer history. The club is also located in the heart of London, making it a popular team for people from all around the world to come and visit. It has one of the best stadiums in Europe, Emirates Stadium, that can seat 65,000+ attendants and has an incredible atmosphere on game day.
Question: What kind of species is the Linopyrga primitractus
Answer: Linopyrga primitractus is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.
Question: Where is Amazon rainforest located?
Evidence: The Amazon rainforest, also called Amazon jungle or Amazonia, is a moist broadleaf tropical rainforest in the Amazon biome that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This basin encompasses 7,000,000 km2 (2,700,000 sq mi), of which 5,500,000 km2 (2,100,000 sq mi) are covered by the rainforest. This region includes territory belonging to nine nations and 3,344 formally acknowledged indigenous territories.

The majority of the forest, 60%, is in Brazil, followed by Peru with 13%, Colombia with 10%, and with minor amounts in Bolivia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela. Four nations have "Amazonas" as the name of one of their first-level administrative regions, and France uses the name "Guiana Amazonian Park" for French Guiana's protected rainforest area. The Amazon represents over half of the planet's remaining rainforests, and comprises the largest and most biodiverse tract of tropical rainforest in the world, with an estimated 390 billion individual trees in about 16,000 species.[
Answer: The Amazon jungle is located in South America. It is spanned across Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Bolivia and Ecuador
Question: What wine is the Oregon Willamette Valley known for?
Answer: Oregon's Willamette Valley is known best for producing renowned Pinot Noirs.
Question: Why did Christopher Columbus think he had sailed to Asia instead of America? What maps did he have at his disposal?
Answer: The reason behind Columbus' belief that he had reached Asia is depicted on a map of the Atlantic Ocean from 1474, created by Florentine mathematician, astronomer, and cosmographer Paolo dal Pozzo Toscanelli. This map was later included in a literary and historical atlas of America by Bartholomew in 1884, with light blue areas marking regions that were not originally present on the map.

Toscanelli served as an inspiration for Columbus, who received a letter from him on June 25, 1474. The letter was sent to canon Fernam Martins in Lisbon, who consulted Toscanelli on behalf of King Alfonso V about the possibility of reaching India through a western route.

The map clearly shows that Columbus was both inspired and misguided by Toscanelli's plan, which underestimated the Earth's circumference. This miscalculation led Columbus to believe that he had reached Japan instead of a completely new and unfamiliar continent lying between Europe and Asia.

Toscanelli's proposed plan involved sailing west along the equator to reach India and the wealthy countries of East Asia. The map that Toscanelli enclosed, which is now lost, included the western fringes of Europe and Africa, as well as the eastern fringes of Asia, with the Atlantic Ocean in between. However, Toscanelli mistakenly believed that the distance was only one-third of the Earth's circumference, far less than the actual distance.

In a letter, Toscanelli writes, among other things:

I have already spoken once before of a route across the sea to the land of spices, much shorter than that of the Portuguese across Guinea. That is why His Highness the King is now asking me for information on this subject, or rather for an explanation so clear that even people without any scientific background can understand that this path must exist. Although I know that it has its basis in the spherical shape of the earth, I have nevertheless, in order to make myself better understood and facilitate the project, decided to prove that such a route exists by means of a specially constructed sea chart. I am therefore sending his highness a map drawn by myself, on which I have marked the coasts and islands which can be used as points of departure when one undertakes such a journey and on this journey keeps a steady westerly course
Question: Provide a number of different ways that someone can digest content from a book
Answer: There's more than one way to digest content from a book. In addition to actually reading the book, you can listen the audio book, read a summary or review of the book, or listen to a podcast discussing the book. Sometimes it's also possible to watch a movie based on the book.
Question: What are 6 different reasons to go on vacation?
Answer: 1. re-connect with you partner
2. spend time with your children
3. learn a new culture
4. address burnout you are feeling in your regular life
5. learn a new language
6. eat delicious food
Question: What empricial investigations do they reference?
Evidence: Our paper investigates three aspects of human MT evaluation, with a special focus on assessing human–machine parity: the choice of raters, the use of linguistic context, and the creation of reference translations. We focus on the data shared by BIBREF3, and empirically test to what extent changes in the evaluation design affect the outcome of the human evaluation. We find that for all three aspects, human translations are judged more favourably, and significantly better than MT, when we make changes that we believe strengthen the evaluation design. Based on our empirical findings, we formulate a set of recommendations for human MT evaluation in general, and assessing human–machine parity in particular. All of our data are made publicly available for external validation and further analysis.
In this study, we address three aspects that we consider to be particularly relevant for human evaluation of MT, with a special focus on testing human–machine parity: the choice of raters, the use of linguistic context, and the construction of reference translations.
We empirically test and discuss the impact of these factors on human evaluation of MT in Sections SECREF3–SECREF5. Based on our findings, we then distil a set of recommendations for human evaluation of strong MT systems, with a focus on assessing human–machine parity (Section SECREF6).
We focus on the data shared by BIBREF3, and empirically test to what extent changes in the evaluation design affect the outcome of the human evaluation.
In this study, we address three aspects that we consider to be particularly relevant for human evaluation of MT, with a special focus on testing human–machine parity: the choice of raters, the use of linguistic context, and the construction of reference translations.
We empirically test and discuss the impact of these factors on human evaluation of MT in Sections SECREF3–SECREF5. 
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* empirically test to what extent changes in the evaluation design affect the outcome of the human evaluation
Question: Based on the reference text about Bruce Nodwell, what did he create?
Evidence: Bruce Nodwell, OC (May 12, 1914 – January 20, 2006) was a Canadian inventor who invented the Nodwell 110, a multi-purpose two-tracked vehicle capable of traversing a wide variety of adverse terrain, including sand, mud, muskeg, swamp, and snow.

In 1970, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada, Canada's highest civilian honor, "for his contribution to the opening of the Canadian North through his inventions and development of various types of tracked vehicles". A mountain in Antarctica "Nodwell Peaks" and a lake in NWT bear his name.
Answer: Bruce Nodwell invented the Nodwell 110, a two-tracked vehicle capable of traversing a wide variety of terrain.
Question: How should I decorate my living room wall? Can you provide some tips and ideas?
Answer: First, you need to consider what type of style you wish to convey in the entire living room. This will dictate how you should decorate the living room wall. If you have a "statement piece" such as a large plant somewhere in your living room, design the wall as a counterpart to it.

You can decorate a living room wall with far more than a painting, although having a painting or other artwork be the central focus is not necessarily bad. Consider a variety of wall art including wall sculptures, mirrors, clocks, floating shelves, plants, and bright, bold colors.

Draw a few sketches out on paper or a computer program before you start to get a general idea of what you want to convey on the wall. And most importantly, have fun!
Question: Do you prefer pancakes or waffles?
Answer: There is no question in my mind as to the answer to this question. I undoubtedly prefer waffles. Waffles offer a superior textural experience with their crispy edges and corners and fluffy insides. Waffles are easy to make and consistent in their appearance which offers a low-stress cooking experience. The cube pockets of a waffle offer the perfect home to copious amounts of butter and syrup, which is the ultimate reason they are much preferable to the measly pancake.