DataHammer/scimrc huggingface dataset:
Question: Given this paragraph about the sport of triathlon, what are the individual sports make up a triathlon
Evidence: A triathlon is an endurance multisport race consisting of swimming, cycling, and running over various distances. Triathletes compete for fastest overall completion time, racing each segment sequentially with the time transitioning between the disciplines included
Answer: Triathlon is a multi-sport discipline consisting of three sports performed back to back without rest. An event is made up of swimming, followed by cycling and then running. Athletes transition between the individual sports as quickly as possible, with the winner completing the course in the fastest time.
Question: Tell me a few flaws of the Human Development Index from this passage
Evidence: The Human Development Index (HDI) is a statistic composite index of life expectancy, education (mean years of schooling completed and expected years of schooling upon entering the education system), and per capita income indicators, which is used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. A country scores a higher level of HDI when the lifespan is higher, the education level is higher, and the gross national income GNI (PPP) per capita is higher. It was developed by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq and was further used to measure a country's development by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)'s Human Development Report Office.

The 2010 Human Development Report introduced an Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI). While the simple HDI remains useful, it stated that "the IHDI is the actual level of human development (accounting for inequality), while the HDI can be viewed as an index of 'potential' human development (or the maximum level of HDI) that could be achieved if there were no inequality."

The index is based on the human development approach, developed by Mahbub ul Haq, anchored in Amartya Sen's work on human capabilities, and often framed in terms of whether people are able to "be" and "do" desirable things in life. Examples include – being: well fed, sheltered, and healthy; doing: work, education, voting, participating in community life. The freedom of choice is central – someone choosing to be hungry (e.g. when fasting for religious reasons) is quite different from someone who is hungry because they cannot afford to buy food, or because the country is in a famine.

The index does not take into account several factors, such as the net wealth per capita or the relative quality of goods in a country. This situation tends to lower the ranking of some of the most developed countries, such as the G7 members and others.
Answer: Human Development Index has been revised in 2010 owing to a few limitations. HDI is believed to estimate the 'potential' human development that could be achieved if there were no inequality. The revised Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) is the actual level of human development (accounting for inequality). Secondly, HDI does not take into account several factors, such as the net wealth per capita or the relative quality of goods in a country. This situation tends to lower the ranking of some of the most developed countries, such as the G7 members and others.
Question: How do the authors define a differential network?
Evidence: The proposed Multimodal Differential Network (MDN) consists of a representation module and a joint mixture module.
We use a triplet network BIBREF41 , BIBREF42 in our representation module. We refereed a similar kind of work done in BIBREF34 for building our triplet network. The triplet network consists of three sub-parts: target, supporting, and contrasting networks. All three networks share the same parameters. Given an image INLINEFORM0 we obtain an embedding INLINEFORM1 using a CNN parameterized by a function INLINEFORM2 where INLINEFORM3 are the weights for the CNN. The caption INLINEFORM4 results in a caption embedding INLINEFORM5 through an LSTM parameterized by a function INLINEFORM6 where INLINEFORM7 are the weights for the LSTM. This is shown in part 1 of Figure FIGREF4 . Similarly we obtain image embeddings INLINEFORM8 & INLINEFORM9 and caption embeddings INLINEFORM10 & INLINEFORM11 . DISPLAYFORM0
The Mixture module brings the image and caption embeddings to a joint feature embedding space. The input to the module is the embeddings obtained from the representation module. We have evaluated four different approaches for fusion viz., joint, element-wise addition, hadamard and attention method. Each of these variants receives image features INLINEFORM0 & the caption embedding INLINEFORM1 , and outputs a fixed dimensional feature vector INLINEFORM2 . The Joint method concatenates INLINEFORM3 & INLINEFORM4 and maps them to a fixed length feature vector INLINEFORM5 as follows: DISPLAYFORM0
The proposed Multimodal Differential Network (MDN) consists of a representation module and a joint mixture module.
We use a triplet network BIBREF41 , BIBREF42 in our representation module.
The triplet network consists of three sub-parts: target, supporting, and contrasting networks. All three networks share the same parameters.
The Mixture module brings the image and caption embeddings to a joint feature embedding space.
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* The proposed Multimodal Differential Network (MDN) consists of a representation module and a joint mixture module.
Question: From the text below, extract the year and the VR headset and the company that released it in the format {Year}-{Headset Name}-{Company} and place them in a bullet list
Evidence: In 2016, HTC shipped its first units of the HTC Vive SteamVR headset. This marked the first major commercial release of sensor-based tracking, allowing for free movement of users within a defined space. A patent filed by Sony in 2017 showed they were developing a similar location tracking technology to the Vive for PlayStation VR, with the potential for the development of a wireless headset. In 2019, Oculus released the Oculus Rift S and a standalone headset, the Oculus Quest. These headsets utilized inside-out tracking compared to external outside-in tracking seen in previous generations of headsets. Later in 2019, Valve released the Valve Index. Notable features include a 130° field of view, off-ear headphones for immersion and comfort, open-handed controllers which allow for individual finger tracking, front facing cameras, and a front expansion slot meant for extensibility.

In 2020, Oculus released the Oculus Quest 2. Some new features include a sharper screen, reduced price, and increased performance. Facebook (which became Meta a year later) initially required user to log in with a Facebook account in order to use the new headset. In 2021 the Oculus Quest 2 accounted for 80% of all VR headsets sold. Robinson R22 Virtual Reality Training Device developed by VRM Switzerland In 2021, EASA approved the first Virtual Reality based Flight Simulation Training Device. The device, for rotorcraft pilots, enhances safety by opening up the possibility of practicing risky maneuvers in a virtual environment. This addresses a key risk area in rotorcraft operations, where statistics show that around 20% of accidents occur during training flights.

In 2023, Sony released the Playstation VR2, a follow-up to their 2016 headset. Playstation VR2 comes with inside-out tracking, higher-resolution displays, controllers with adaptive triggers and haptic feedback, and a wider field-of-view.
Answer: 2016 - HTC Vive SteamVR - HTC
2019 - Oculus Rift S - Oculus
2019 - Oculus Quest - Oculus
2019 - Valve Index - Valve
2020 - Oculus Quest 2 - Oculus
2021 - Robinson R22 Virtual Reality Training Device - VRM Switzerland
2023 - Playstation VR2 - Sony
Question: Does the shared task feature two subtasks?
Evidence: The shared task features two subtasks:
The shared task features two subtasks:
Answer: Yes.
Question: Is the assumption that natural language is stationary and ergodic valid?
Evidence: Manning and Schütze argue that, even though not quite correct, language text can be modeled as stationary, ergodic random processes BIBREF29, an assumption that we follow. Moreover, given the diversity of language production, we assume this stationary ergodic random process with finite alphabet $\mathcal {A}$ denoted $X = \lbrace X_i, -\infty < i < \infty \rbrace $ is non-null in the sense that always $P(x_{-m}^{-1}) > 0$ and
This is sometimes called the smoothing requirement.
Manning and Schütze argue that, even though not quite correct, language text can be modeled as stationary, ergodic random processes BIBREF29, an assumption that we follow. Moreover, given the diversity of language production, we assume this stationary ergodic random process with finite alphabet $\mathcal {A}$ denoted $X = \lbrace X_i, -\infty < i < \infty \rbrace $ is non-null in the sense that always $P(x_{-m}^{-1}) > 0$ and

This is sometimes called the smoothing requirement.
Answer: It is not completely valid for natural languages because of diversity of language - this is called smoothing requirement.
Question: Is the following state true or false: Peanuts are vegetables?
Answer: This statement is true. Peanuts are part of the legume family and are therefore vegetables.
Question: Give me a list of Shakespeare's plays
Answer: - Hamlet
- Romeo and Juliet
- King Lear
- Othello
- Titus Andronicus
- Love's Labour's Lost
- Twelfth Night
- A Midsummer Night's Dream
- A Winter's Tale
- The Tempest
- Troilus and Cressida
- Pericles
- Antony and Cleopatra
- All's Well That End's Well
- The Merchant of Venice
- Henry IV Part 1
- Henry IV Part 2
- Henry V
- Henry VI Part 1
- Henry VI Part 2
- Henry VI Part 3
- Henry VIII
- Richard II
- Richard III
- King John
- Julius Caesar
- As You Like It
- Macbeth
- The Merry Wives of Windsor
- Two Gentlemen of Verona
- The Taming of the Shrew
- Coriolanus
- Timon of Athens
- Much Ado About Nothing
- Cymbeline
- The Comedy of Errors
- Two Noble Kinsmen
- Measure for Measure
Question: categorize each of the following into these groups: solid, liquid, and gas.
ice, neon (at room temperature), water, whiskey, a chair, carbon dioxide, and glass
Answer: solid: ice, chair, glass
liquid: water, whiskey
gas: neon, carbon dioxide
Question: When was the World Investment Report 2021 released by UNCTAD?
Answer: June 21, 2021
Question: Name some famous songs by the Beatles
Answer: Some songs by the Beatles are Penny Lane, Yellow Submarine, While My Guitar Gently Weeps, Let It Be and Here Comes the Sun
Question: What are the two perspectives of cost analysis?
Evidence: We analyse the cost from two perspectives: i) the complexity to the features; and ii) the number of features needed to represent a document. Defining $l$ as the number of different language varieties, and $n$ the number of terms of the document to be classified, the cost of obtaining the features of Table 2 (average, minimum, maximum, probability and proportionality) is $O(l\cdot {n})$ . Defining $m$ as the number of terms in the document that coincides with some term in the vocabulary, the cost of obtaining the standard deviation is $O(l\cdot {m})$ . As the average is needed previously to the standard deviation calculation, the total cost is $O(l\cdot {n}) + O(l\cdot {m})$ that is equal to $O(max(l\cdot {n}, l\cdot {m})) =
O(l\cdot {n})$ . Since the number of terms in the vocabulary will always be equal or greater than the number of coincident terms ( $n \ge m$ ), and as the number of terms in the document will always be much higher than the number of language varieties ( $l<<n$ ), we can determine the cost as lineal with respect to the number of terms in the document $O(n)$ . With respect to the number of features needed to represent a document, we showed in Table 6 the considerable reduction of the proposed low dimensionality representation.
We analyse the cost from two perspectives: i) the complexity to the features; and ii) the number of features needed to represent a document.
Answer: i) the complexity to the features; and ii) the number of features needed to represent a document.
Question: Which phone OS is better, IOS or Android?
Answer: Both IOS & Android are among the most popular phone operating systems available today. IOS is known to be very user friendly and has a limited set of features that work extremely well. To achieve this simplicity, IOS sacrifices the level of customizability that it provides it’s users. Android, on the other hand is known to provide a high level of customization to it’s features and is extremely popular among power users. However, due to the myriad ways that it can be customized, it can be difficult to use and often has a steep learning curve when compared to IOS. Both IOS and Android each have their specific merits that caters to different user communities among which they are wildly popular.
Question: Extract the total number of employees  in 2021 at Westpac Bank in Australia?
Evidence: Type	Public
Traded as	
ASX: WBC
NZX: WBC
S&P/ASX 200 component
Industry	Banking
Financial services
Predecessor	Bank of New South Wales
Commercial Bank of Australia
Founded	8 April 1817 (as the Bank of New South Wales)
4 May 1982 (as Westpac Banking Corporation)
Headquarters	Westpac Place
Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Area served	Worldwide
Key people	John McFarlane (Chairman)
Peter King (CEO)
Products	Finance and insurance, consumer banking, corporate banking, investment banking, investment management, global wealth management, private equity, mortgages, credit cards
Operating income	Increase A$21.22 billion (2021)
Net income	Increase A$5.46 billion (2021)
Total assets	Increase A$935.88 billion (2021)
Total equity	Increase A$72.09 billion (2021)
Number of employees	40,143 (2021)
Subsidiaries	St George Bank
BankSA
Bank of Melbourne
Westpac New Zealand
Website	
westpac.com.au
westpac.co.nz
Answer: 40,143 people
Question: What is the movie "Everything Everywhere All at Once" about?
Answer: The movie is about an immigrant Chinese family who runs a laundromat and gets involved into a multi-verse quest to prevent a creature from destroying the universe. The family consists of Evelyn Wang, Waymond Wang and their daughter Joy. In the beginning of the movie their laundromat business is getting audited by the IRS, Waymond is trying to serve Evelyn divorce papers, and Joy is trying to get accepted for her lesbian relationship. In that difficult time for the family, Evelyn Wang discovers that she was chosen to fight against that great evil destroying the universe, and she should do that by connecting with versions of herself from parallel universes. It is an action packed comedy-drama adventure of Emily fulfilling the mission of saving the universe, and in conclusion deciding not to leave her current life for another version of it.
Question: Please explain why adding more indexes to a relational database is not always beneficial for speeding up workloads.
Answer: At a high level, an index over a specific table can speed up the execution of a query that accesses the table provided that the query references a compatible subset of columns that the index covers and that the cost of using the index is lower than alternatives (e.g., simply scanning the whole table or using another index). At the same time, the index needs to be kept up-to-date with the table, which means that each table update (insertion or deletion of new rows, or updates to existing rows for the columns that the index covers) will now cost more as the relational database system has to also propagate the update to the index. Thus, the usefulness of adding an index to a workload will depend on the fraction of queries that can benefit from the index, and on the mix of queries and updates.
Question: Is their method capable of multi-hop reasoning?
Evidence: Its worth mentioning that TupleInf only combines parallel evidence i.e. each tuple must connect words in the question to the answer choice. For reliable multi-hop reasoning using OpenIE tuples, we can add inter-tuple connections to the support graph search, controlled by a small number of rules over the OpenIE predicates. Learning such rules for the Science domain is an open problem and potential avenue of future work.
For reliable multi-hop reasoning using OpenIE tuples, we can add inter-tuple connections to the support graph search, controlled by a small number of rules over the OpenIE predicates. Learning such rules for the Science domain is an open problem and potential avenue of future work.
Answer: Yes.
Question: Which electric vehicle company does Elon Musk own?
Answer: Elon Musk owns the EV company called Tesla which is named after the famous scientist
Question: List a bunch of international marathons
Answer: Boston, LA, New York City, Cleveland, Chicago, Big Sur, Rhode Island
Question: What is India famous for?
Answer: India is famous for some of the Spectacular architectural monuments  like Taj Mahal, Qutab Minar, Ajanta Ellora caves,Gol gumbaj and many more,India is also famous for its Spices and also known as land of spices as it  produces 70 percent of world spices like turmeric, masala, coriander, saffron, to many more. India is also the country from where the knowledge of yoga has been originated. India is known for its rich cultural diversity, rich history, and heritage. There are many more things about India that you can experience once you travel there like spirituality, nature etc..
Question: Which team was relegated from the league at the conclusion of the 1991 Season?
Evidence: Waterside Karori were relegated at the end of the 1990 season, to be replaced by the winner of a play-off series between teams from the northern, central, and southern leagues (Mount Albert-Ponsonby, Nelson United, and Burndale United respectively). Nelson United won the series to gain promotion, but there is some controversy about their participation in the play-offs as they had only finished second in the central regional league, which was won by Petone.

Gisborne City were relegated at the end of the 1991 season
Answer: Gisborne City
Question: what do you think makes Japan Unique
Answer: - Japanese food (Sushi, Ramen etc.) 
- Culture of minimalism and respect 
- Japanese work ethic 
- Japan consists of over 6000 islands 
- Japan has a 'suicide forest' 
- Japan has over 70,000 people who are over 100 years old 
- Japan has millions of vending machines
- Japan's capital Tokyo is one of the largest metropolitan areas in the world
Question: Who is the author of books "It Starts With Us" and "It Ends With Us"?
Answer: Colleen Hoover is the author of bestselling books "It Starts With Us" and "It Ends With Us".
Question: What are the best exercises for lower back pain?
Answer: The McGill Big 3 are generally the best exercises to help alleviate and improve lower back pain symptoms.  The 3 exercises focus on core bracing and core stability which help the back pained individual keep a neutral spine posture, even while bearing load. The three exercises are 1) the modified curl-up, 2) the bird dog, and 3) side planks.
Question: Classify each of these mammals as either marsupial or placental
Answer: Marsupial: kangaroo, koala, wallaby, wombat, opossum, bandicoot, possum, glider

Placental: cow, dog, sloth, rhinoceros, camel, horse, sheep, humans, elephant, manatee, anteater, cat, bat, pig, deer, giraffe, goat, alpaca, llama

Marsupials give birth to undeveloped young that are carried in a pouch located on their mothers' abdomen until they're fully developed.

Placental mammals carry a young the fetus in the uterus of its mother to a relatively late stage of development.
Question: Identify which car manufacturer is Chinese or American: Arcfox, Buick
Answer: Buick is American, Arcfox is Chinese
Question: Who invented Boltzmann Machines?
Answer: Boltzmann machines were invented in 1985 by Geoffrey Hinton and Terrence Sejnowski.
Question: What is The Netherlands?
Answer: The Netherlands is a country in Europe, it's capital is Amsterdam and around 18 million people live in the Netherlands.
Question: Explain to me what a rainbow actually is?
Evidence: A rainbow is an optical phenomenon that can occur under certain meteorological conditions. It is caused by reflection, refraction and dispersion of light in water droplets resulting in an effect similar to a spectrum of light appearing in the sky. It takes the form of a multicolored circular arc. Rainbows caused by sunlight always appear in the section of sky directly opposite the Sun.
Answer: A rainbow is an optical phenomenon that occurs by sunlight appearing in the section of the sky directly opposite of the sun.
Question: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Repique, Neola
Answer: Neola is string, Repique is percussion.
Question: What does the DSLCC corpus consist of?
Evidence: In order to analyse the robustness of the low dimensionality representation to different languages, we experimented with the development set of the DSLCC corpus from the Discriminating between Similar Languages task BIBREF1 . The corpus consists of 2,000 sentences per language or variety, with between 20 and 100 tokens per sentence, obtained from news headers. In Table 9 we show the results obtained with the proposed representation and the two distributed representations, Skip-gram and SenVec. It is important to notice that, in general, when a particular representation improves for one language is at cost of the other one. We can conclude that the three representations obtained comparative results and support the robustness of the low dimensionality representation.
In order to analyse the robustness of the low dimensionality representation to different languages, we experimented with the development set of the DSLCC corpus11 from the Discriminating between Similar Languages task [12]. The corpus consists of 2,000 sentences per language or variety, with between 20 and 100 tokens per sentence, obtained from news headers.
Answer: The corpus consists of 2,000 sentences per language or variety, with between 20 and 100 tokens per sentence, obtained from news headers.
Question: Given the following paragraph on water resources, in what percentage is freshwater stored in the different storage forms?
Evidence: Water resources are natural resources of water that are potentially useful for humans, for example as a source of drinking water supply or irrigation water. Water occurs as both "stocks" and "flows". Water can be stored as lakes, water vapor, groundwater or aquifers, and ice and snow. Of the total volume of global freshwater, an estimated 69 percent is stored in glaciers and permanent snow cover; 30 percent is in groundwater; and the remaining 1 percent in lakes, rivers, the atmosphere, and biota. The length of time water remains in storage is highly variable: some aquifers consist of water stored over thousands of years but lake volumes may fluctuate on a seasonal basis, decreasing during dry periods and increasing during wet ones. A substantial fraction of the water supply for some regions consists of water extracted from water stored in stocks, and when withdrawals exceed recharge, stocks decrease. By some estimates, as much as 30 percent of total water used for irrigation comes from unsustainable withdrawals of groundwater, causing groundwater depletion.
Answer: It is estimated that 69 percent of freshwater is stored in glaciers and permanent snow cover, 30 percent in groundwater, and the remaining 1 percent is stored in lakes, rivers, the atmosphere, and biota.
Question: Give me a list of the past five Malaysian Prime Ministers
Answer: The five most recent Prime Ministers of Malaysia (including the current) are:
1. Anwar Ibrahim (since 2022)
2. Ismail Sabri Yaakob (2021-2022)
3. Muhyiddin Yassin (2020-2021)
4. Mahathir Mohamad (2018-2020)
5. Najib Razak (2009-2018)