DataHammer/scimrc huggingface dataset:
Question: Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Meiolania, Tiger
Answer: Tiger is alive, Meiolania is extinct.
Question: Why is the indictment of a former President such a divisive topic in the United States?
Answer: You need to look at both the micro and macro implications to fully understand this topic. The micro implications are very specific to the case(s) being brought and therefore won't be covered here. The key macro implication of indicting a former President is the risk that the criminal justice system becomes a tool to persecute political opponents (former, current OR potential) by whichever person or party is in power. There are several examples of this in other countries throughout history. That being said, there are just as many examples of countries indicting former presidents without any sign of abuse. In fact, it can be an important part of the "checks and balances" of a democracy (see France, South Korea, etc.) One of the factors you can look at when determining if the justice system is being abused or not is the number of cases/indictments being brought against the former head of government. When the number of cases is low, there is a higher likelihood of abuse. But when the number of cases is high and for a diverse number of reasons, the likelihood of abuse is lower.
Question: who is considered the father of computers?
Answer: Charles Babbage, an English mechanical engineer and polymath, originated the concept of a programmable computer. Considered the "father of the computer", he conceptualized and invented the first mechanical computer in the early 19th century. After working on his revolutionary difference engine, designed to aid in navigational calculations, in 1833 he realized that a much more general design, an Analytical Engine, was possible.
Question: What language is spoken on the Aru Islands?
Evidence: Batuley (Gwatle lir) is a language spoken on the Aru Islands of eastern Indonesia. It is close to Mariri; Hughes (1987) estimates that around 80% of lexical items are shared. The language's name comes from the Gwatle island (Batuley in Indonesian), which the Batuley consider their homeland (Daigle (2015)).
Answer: Batulay is the language spoken on the Aru Islands.
Question: Given the following paragraph, what university has evidence of teaching as early as 1096?
Evidence: The University of Oxford is a collegiate research university in Oxford, England. There is evidence of teaching as early as 1096, making it the oldest university in the English-speaking world and the world's second-oldest university in continuous operation. It grew rapidly from 1167 when Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris. After disputes between students and Oxford townsfolk in 1209, some academics fled north-east to Cambridge where they established what became the University of Cambridge. The two English ancient universities share many common features and are jointly referred to as Oxbridge.
Answer: The University of Oxford
Question: What caused World War 1?
Answer: There is no definite answer, however there are several speculations about what caused World War 1. An answer approved by many historians is the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand by the Black Hand, a Serbian nationalist organization. This assassination led to Austria-Hungary declaring war against Serbia. In response to this declaration, many countries joined forces under the guise of 'alliance'.
Question: Which of these are fruits and vegetables: apple, tomato, pear, peach, broccoli?
Answer: Of the ones listed, apple, pear and peach are fruits while broccoli is a vegetable. Tomatoes however, are botanically considered fruits while culinarily considered a vegetable.
Question: What is the meaning of the album title "Flying Microtonal Banana", by King Gizzard and the Lizard Wizard?
Evidence: Subtitled Explorations into Microtonal Tuning, Volume 1, the album is recorded in quarter tone tuning, where an octave is divided into 24 (logarithmically) equal-distanced quarter tones; it was originally conceived to play on a baglama, so the band members used instruments specifically modified for microtonal tuning, as well as other Middle-Eastern instruments like the zurna. The name "Flying Microtonal Banana" comes from Stu Mackenzie's custom-built yellow guitar, fitted with additional microtonal frets.
Answer: The title of the album "Flying Microtonal Banana" comes from the name of Stu Mackenzie's custom yellow guitar, fitted with microtonal frets. The guitar was built to use quarter tone tuning, in which the octave is divided into 24 equal-distanced tones.
Question: I'm preparing for a trip to Barbados. Which of these things would it be wise or unwise or dangerous to take: swimwear, fireworks, ski-jacket, sunscreen, hat, sunglasses and bike helmet.
Answer: You would be wise to take: sunscreen, hat, swimwear and sunglasses.
You would be unwise to take: ski-jacket, bike helmet
It would be dangerous to take: fireworks
Question: Which organization created the UMLSonMedline dataset?
Evidence: The information content of a concept may be derived from a corpus (corpus–based) or directly from a taxonomy (intrinsic–based). In this work we focus on corpus–based techniques.
For corpus–based information content, we estimate the probability of a concept INLINEFORM0 by taking the sum of the probability of the concept INLINEFORM1 and the probability its descendants INLINEFORM2 (Equation EQREF16 ). DISPLAYFORM0 
The initial probabilities of a concept ( INLINEFORM0 ) and its descendants ( INLINEFORM1 ) are obtained by dividing the number of times each concept and descendant occurs in the corpus, and dividing that by the total numbers of concepts ( INLINEFORM2 ).
Ideally the corpus from which we are estimating the probabilities of concepts will be sense–tagged. However, sense–tagging is a challenging problem in its own right, and it is not always possible to carry out reliably on larger amounts of text. In fact in this paper we did not use any sense–tagging of the corpus we derived information content from.
Instead, we estimated the probability of a concept by using the UMLSonMedline dataset. This was created by the National Library of Medicine and consists of concepts from the 2009AB UMLS and the counts of the number of times they occurred in a snapshot of Medline taken on 12 January, 2009. These counts were obtained by using the Essie Search Engine BIBREF14 which queried Medline with normalized strings from the 2009AB MRCONSO table in the UMLS. The frequency of a CUI was obtained by aggregating the frequency counts of the terms associated with the CUI to provide a rough estimate of its frequency. The information content measures then use this information to calculate the probability of a concept.
Another alternative is the use of Intrinsic Information Content. It assess the informativeness of concept based on its placement within a taxonomy by considering the number of incoming (ancestors) relative to outgoing (descendant) links BIBREF15 (Equation EQREF17 ). DISPLAYFORM0 
where INLINEFORM0 are the number of descendants of concept INLINEFORM1 that are leaf nodes, INLINEFORM2 are the number of concept INLINEFORM3 's ancestors and INLINEFORM4 are the total number of leaf nodes in the taxonomy.
Instead, we estimated the probability of a concept by using the UMLSonMedline dataset. This was created by the National Library of Medicine and consists of concepts from the 2009AB UMLS and the counts of the number of times they occurred in a snapshot of Medline taken on 12 January, 2009.
Answer: The National Library of Medicine.
Question: Identify which car manufacturer is British or American: Vauxhall, Tesla
Answer: Tesla is American, Vauxhall is British
Question: What season are each of these associated with? Snow, flowers, beaches, pumpkins
Answer: Snow: winter, flowers: spring, beaches: summer, pumpkins: fall
Question: What film won Best Picture at the 95th Academy Awards in 2023?
Answer: Everything Everywhere All at Once
Question: Provide a summary of Nora Forster's career based on this passage.
Evidence: Forster began her work as a music promoter in Munich. Her home there became a meeting place for "rock royalty". Some of the acts she worked with in Germany were Jimi Hendrix, Wishbone Ash and Yes. She found German society to be too restricting, and decided to move to London with her daughter in the latter half of the 1960s. Their first flat was located in a "cold, damp and dark" basement in West London, near the Chelsea football ground. Following that they moved to a small house off Gowrie Road in South London. During this time she came to be called a "Punk Mummy Warrior" who guided her daughter, Ari Up's musical pursuits and supported the development of her band, The Slits, when Ari was just fourteen or fifteen. Forster hosted numerous musician house guests, and among them was Neneh Cherry, the teenage step-daughter of Don Cherry. Cherry performed backing vocal with The Slits for a time.

During the 1960s and 70s, Forster was part of the bohemian scene in London. Starting in the late 1960s Forster's home in Shepherd's Bush became a crash pad, salon, and meeting place for rock musicians including Joe Strummer of The Clash, Jimi Hendrix, Jon Anderson of the band Yes, and many other bands. She helped to financially support the punk bands The Slits, the Sex Pistols and The Clash.
Answer: Nora Foster helped numerous bands and musical artists develop their careers in Germany and London. She would house them, financially support them, and promote their upcoming concerts and album releases. Some notable artists she helped included The Clash, The Slits, and Jimi Hendrix. Her homes were well known as meeting places for "rock royalty."
Question: What unlabeled corpus did they use?
Evidence: Pretraining. We collect three years of online news articles from June 2016 to June 2019. We filter out articles overlapping with the evaluation data on media domain and time range. We then conduct several data cleaning strategies.
We collect three years of online news articles from June 2016 to June 2019.
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* three years of online news articles from June 2016 to June 2019
Question: What was the final name of Great Northern in this passage
Evidence: Due to its historical roots as a town housing railroad workers, Hillyard acquired a rather rough reputation, which lasts into recent decades. (As recently as 1979, Daniel Leen described the Hillyard train yards in his book The Freighthoppers Manual for North America as having "the feel of warmed-over death.") After the Great Northern underwent a series of mergers, becoming the Burlington Northern Railroad and eventually the BNSF Railway, the Hillyard yard and shops were closed in the early 1980s with BN's main yard operations in Spokane moving to Yardley. Only the decaying structures of the old shops remain today. Hillyard suffers some of the worst poverty in Spokane, per capita it is the poorest neighborhood in the state of Washington. The eastern border of the neighborhood, east of the railroad tracks, is sometimes affectionately referred to as "Dog Town" by some residents
Answer: After the first merger Great Northern became Burlington Northern Railroad, then eventually BNSF Railway.
Question: What should I do on a free afternoon in San Francisco?
Answer: You can visit and take photos at San Francisco's landmarks such as Pier 39 or Golden Gate Bridge. If you enjoy walking outdoors, there are several large parks in the city. You can visit Golden Gate Park and the various attractions and museums located in the park. The Presidio is also a popular park where you can get some of the best views of Golden Gate Bridge.
Question: Classify each of the following as names of Pokemon or pop music groups: ABBA, Moltres, Pikachu, Eagles, *NSYNC, TLC, Vaporeon, Snorlax, i5, Dream, Blondie, Charizard, Charmander, Fleetwood Mac
Answer: Pokemon: Moltres, Pikachu, Vaporeon, Snorlax, Charizard, Charmander
Pop music groups: ABBA, Eagles, TLC, i5, Dream, Blondie, Fleetwood Mac
Question: What is the capital of Australia?
Answer: The capital of Australia is Canberra
Question: What dataset do their MMT models build and test on?
Evidence: We build and test our MMT models on the Multi30K dataset BIBREF21 . Each image in Multi30K contains one English (EN) description taken from Flickr30K BIBREF22 and human translations into German (DE), French (FR) and Czech BIBREF23 , BIBREF24 , BIBREF25 . The dataset contains 29,000 instances for training, 1,014 for development, and 1,000 for test. We only experiment with German and French, which are languages for which we have in-house expertise for the type of analysis we present. In addition to the official Multi30K test set (test 2016), we also use the test set from the latest WMT evaluation competition, test 2018 BIBREF25 .
We build and test our MMT models on the Multi30K dataset (Elliott et al., 2016).
Answer: Multi30K dataset.
Question: Give me a list of some American states which border Mexico
Answer: California, Arizona, New Mexico and Texas all border Mexico
Question: Who amongst these are women: Virat Kohli, Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal, Novak Djokovic, Serena Williams, PV Sindhu, Virender Sehwag, Maria Sharapova, Steffi Graf, Venus Williams.
Answer: Serena Williams, PV Sindhu, Maria Sharapova, Steffi Graf, Venus Williams are women.
Question: What is an isotherm?
Evidence: An isotherm is a line that connects points on a map that have the same temperature. Therefore, all points through which an isotherm passes have the same or equal temperatures at the time indicated. An isotherm at 0 °C is called the freezing level. The term was coined by the Prussian geographer and naturalist Alexander von Humboldt, who as part of his research into the geographical distribution of plants published the first map of isotherms in Paris, in 1817.
Answer: An isotherm is a line that connects points on a map that have the same temperature.
Question: Tell me if the following countries are in Europe or in Africa: Portugal, Italy, Burkina Faso, Rwanda, Germany, Sweden, Spain
Answer: Portugal, Italy, Germany, Sweden and Spain are located in Europe.
Burkina Faso and Rwanda are located in Africa.
Question: Given this paragraph about the description of wakesurfing, what is needed to generate the wave?
Evidence: Wakesurfing is a water sport in which a rider trails behind a boat, riding the boat's wake without being directly pulled by the boat. After getting up on the wake, typically by use of a tow rope, the wakesurfers will drop the rope, and ride the steep face below the wave's peak in a fashion reminiscent of surfing. Wakesurfers generally use special boards, designed specifically for wakes.
Answer: a boat
Question: Which technology is best to learn for 2023 and the future?
Answer: Artificial Intelligence, which is also popularly known as (AI), hits the top of the list of technologies 2023 to learn. Artificial Intelligence is very much high in demand today, where today, the machines are known to have brilliant skills to study, think, and examine without the need for human efforts.
Question: What does non subjective mean?
Answer: Subjectiveness has an element of personal opinion, emotion and/or feelings, bias in response to question that invokes an answer based on your personal experience.  Non subjectivity deals with being objective.  Objectiveness deals with facts that are true based on historical data.  There is no bias in objectiveness.
Question: Is data preprocessing needed for the model?
Evidence: Named Entity Recognition (NER) is a foremost NLP task to label each atomic elements of a sentence into specific categories like "PERSON", "LOCATION", "ORGANIZATION" and othersBIBREF0. There has been an extensive NER research on English, German, Dutch and Spanish language BIBREF1, BIBREF2, BIBREF3, BIBREF4, BIBREF5, and notable research on low resource South Asian languages like HindiBIBREF6, IndonesianBIBREF7 and other Indian languages (Kannada, Malayalam, Tamil and Telugu)BIBREF8. However, there has been no study on developing neural NER for Nepali language. In this paper, we propose a neural based Nepali NER using latest state-of-the-art architecture based on grapheme-level which doesn't require any hand-crafted features and no data pre-processing.
Recent neural architecture like BIBREF1 is used to relax the need to hand-craft the features and need to use part-of-speech tag to determine the category of the entity. However, this architecture have been studied for languages like English, and German and not been applied to languages like Nepali which is a low resource language i.e limited data set to train the model. Traditional methods like Hidden Markov Model (HMM) with rule based approachesBIBREF9,BIBREF10, and Support Vector Machine (SVM) with manual feature-engineeringBIBREF11 have been applied but they perform poor compared to neural. However, there has been no research in Nepali NER using neural network. Therefore, we created the named entity annotated dataset partly with the help of Dataturk to train a neural model. The texts used for this dataset are collected from various daily news sources from Nepal around the year 2015-2016.
Following are our contributions:
We present a novel Named Entity Recognizer (NER) for Nepali language. To best of our knowledge we are the first to propose neural based Nepali NER.
As there are not good quality dataset to train NER we release a dataset to support future research
We perform empirical evaluation of our model with state-of-the-art models with relative improvement of upto 10%
In this paper, we present works similar to ours in Section SECREF2. We describe our approach and dataset statistics in Section SECREF3 and SECREF4, followed by our experiments, evaluation and discussion in Section SECREF5, SECREF6, and SECREF7. We conclude with our observations in Section SECREF8.
To facilitate further research our code and dataset will be made available at github.com/link-yet-to-be-updated
In this paper, we propose a neural based Nepali NER using latest state-of-the-art architecture based on grapheme-level which doesn't require any hand-crafted features and no data preprocessing.
Answer: No.
Question: What is radioactive decay?
Evidence: Radioactive decay (also known as nuclear decay, radioactivity, radioactive disintegration, or nuclear disintegration) is the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by radiation. A material containing unstable nuclei is considered radioactive. Three of the most common types of decay are alpha decay (α-decay), beta decay (β-decay), and gamma decay (γ-decay), all of which involve emitting one or more particles. The weak force is the mechanism that is responsible for beta decay, while the other two are governed by the electromagnetism and nuclear force. A fourth type of common decay is electron capture, in which an unstable nucleus captures an inner electron from one of the electron shells. The loss of that electron from the shell results in a cascade of electrons dropping down to that lower shell resulting in emission of discrete X-rays from the transitions. A common example is iodine-125 commonly used in medical settings.
Answer: Radioactive decay is the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by radiation.  It is also known by terms such as nuclear decay, radioactivity, radioactive disintegration, or nuclear disintegration.
Question: Where are brook trout found?
Answer: Native brook trout can be found in eastern North America, from northeastern Canada, and down the eastern seaboard as far south as the state of Georgia in the United States, where they are found in many high-elevation streams. Despite being native to those regions, brook trout can also be found throughout the rest of the world where populations are managed by hatcheries and stocked into local fisheries.
Question: What is the difference between a microservice and an API?
Answer: Microservices is an approach to building an application that breaks its functionality into modular components. APIs are part of an application that communicates with other applications.
Question: My dog is a 100lb pitbull purebreed. She's always barking at people when we walk her on the street. She's friendly, however, when outside with me or the kids, her bark is loud and deep. How can I get my dog to stop barking at strangers and remove her feeling of "threat"?
Answer: Ensure that when you walk her to use a prong collar. Ensure the collar is not loose on her neck, but high up and tight (cannot move easily) under her ear. This will make sure she doesn't take sudden movements and allow her to ensure that you will direct her whether the oncoming distraction is a threat.
Question: What is LSD
Evidence: Lysergic acid diethylamide, commonly known as LSD (from German Lysergsäure-diethylamid), also known colloquially as acid, is a potent psychedelic drug. Effects typically include intensified thoughts, emotions, and sensory perception. At sufficiently high dosages LSD manifests primarily mental, visual, as well as auditory, hallucinations. Dilated pupils, increased blood pressure, and increased body temperature are typical. Effects typically begin within half an hour and can last for up to 20 hours. LSD is also capable of causing mystical experiences and ego dissolution. It is used mainly as a recreational drug or for spiritual reasons. LSD is both the prototypical psychedelic and one of the "classical" psychedelics, being the psychedelics with the greatest scientific and cultural significance. LSD is typically either swallowed or held under the tongue. It is most often sold on blotter paper and less commonly as tablets, in a watery solution or in gelatin squares called panes.
Answer: Lysergic acid diethylamide, commonly known as LSD (from German Lysergsaeure-diethylamid), also known colloquially as acid, is a potent psychedelic drug.

Effects typically include intensified thoughts, emotions, and sensory perception. At sufficiently high dosages LSD manifests primarily mental, visual, as well as auditory, hallucinations. Dilated pupils, increased blood pressure, and increased body temperature are typical.
Question: In literature who is the alter ego of Percy Blakney
Answer: Scarlet Pimpernel
Question: Do you know the species Etlingera diepenhorstii
Evidence: Etlingera diepenhorstii is a monocotyledonous plant species that was first described by Johannes Elias Teijsmann and Simon Binnendijk, and given its current name by Rosemary Margaret Smith. Etlingera diepenhorstii is part of the genus Etlingera and the family Zingiberaceae.

The species' range is in Sumatra. No subspecies are listed in the Catalog of Life.
Answer: Yes, I do. The Etlingera diepenhorstii is a monocotyledonous plant species that was first described by Johannes Elias Teijsmann and Simon Binnendijk, and given its current name by Rosemary Margaret Smith. Etlingera diepenhorstii is part of the genus Etlingera and the family Zingiberaceae.

The species' range is in Sumatra. No subspecies are listed in the Catalog of Life.
Question: What are the most high demands jobs in the market right now?
Answer: -Nurse Practitioner
-Physician Assistant
-Medical and Health Services Manager
-Information Security Analyst
-Web Developer
-Dentist