DataHammer/scimrc huggingface dataset:
Question: What is the reasoning method that is used?
Evidence: The DBpedia lookup service, which is based on the Spotlight index BIBREF18 , is used for entity lookup (retrieval). The DBpedia SPARQL endpoint is used for query answering and reasoning. The reported results are based on the following settings: the Adam optimizer together with cross-entropy loss are used for network training; $d_r$ and $d_a$ are set to 200 and 50 respectively; $N_0$ is set to 1200; word2vec trained with the latest Wikipedia article dump is adopted for word embedding; and ( $T_s$ , $T_p$ , $T_l$ ) are set to (12, 4, 12) for S-Lite and (12, 4, 15) for R-Lite. The experiments are run on a workstation with Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2670 @2.60GHz, with programs implemented by Tensorflow.
The DBpedia SPARQL endpoint is used for query answering and reasoning.
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* SPARQL
Question: Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Finch, Bonobo
Answer: Bonobo is alive, Finch is extinct.
Question: Name five countries in the Northern Hemisphere
Answer: Canada, France, India, Finland and Turkey are countries located in the Northern Hemisphere.
Question: Extract the location that the Kirtland's warbler lives in the winter.
Evidence: Kirtland's warbler (Setophaga kirtlandii), also known in Michigan by the common name jack pine bird, or the jack pine warbler, is a small songbird of the New World warbler family (Parulidae), named after Jared Potter Kirtland, an Ohio doctor and amateur naturalist. Nearly extinct just 50 years ago, populations have recovered due to conservation efforts. It requires large areas, greater than 160 acres (65 hectares), of dense young jack pine for its breeding habitat. This habitat was historically created by wildfire, but today is created through the harvest of mature jack pine, and planting of jack pine seedlings.

The population of the species spends the spring and summer in their breeding range in Ontario, Wisconsin or Michigan, especially the northeastern Lower Peninsula of Michigan, and winters in The Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola and the Turks and Caicos Islands.
Answer: Kirtland's warbler is a small songbird that spends its winters in The Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, and the Turks and Caicos Islands.
Question: Where is Lugașu de Jos
Evidence: Lugașu de Jos (Hungarian: Alsólugos, Slovak: Lugaše) is a commune in Bihor County, Crișana, Romania with a population of 3,580 people. It is composed of three villages: Lugașu de Jos, Lugașu de Sus (Felsőlugos) and Urvind (Örvénd).
Answer: Lugașu de Jos is a commune in Bihor County, Crișana, Romania with a population of 3,580 people. It is composed of three villages: Lugașu de Jos, Lugașu de Sus (Felsolugos) and Urvind (Oervend).
Question: From the passage provided extract names of countries where Anatrachyntis badia lives and place them in a bullet list.
Evidence: Anatrachyntis badia, the Florida pink scavenger, is a species of moth of the family Cosmopterigidae. It was first described by Ronald W. Hodges in 1962. It is found in the southern United States from Florida to California and as far north as Maryland. It is an introduced species in Europe, where it has been recorded infrequently from Italy, Greece, Spain, Malta, the United Kingdom, Poland and Turkey through accidental importation in pomegranates. In Germany, it was first recorded in 2011 in a tropical greenhouse in a zoological garden, where caterpillars where found living in colonies of the mealybug Palmicultor lumpurensis on bamboo. It has also been recorded from Hawaii.

The wingspan is 9–10 mm (0.35–0.39 in).

The larvae are mainly scavengers, feeding on dry or decaying fruit, dead floral parts, and sooty mold among fruit clusters and under sepals. The larvae have been recorded feeding on cones of several species of Pinus and Cassia pods, dead fruits of peach and loquat, lime, grapefruit, banana, cabbage, coconut blossoms and elm leaves. During summer, larvae may nibble on rind of ripe oranges, often near the stem end or on the sides of fruit in a cluster. The feeding is usually superficial and does not cause appreciable damage.
Answer: - United States,
- Italy,
- Greece,
- Spain,
- Malta,
- United Kingdom,
- Poland,
- Turkey,
- Germany
Question: Who are Torvill and Dean?
Evidence: Torvill and Dean (Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean) are English ice dancers and former British, European, Olympic, and World champions. At the Sarajevo 1984 Winter Olympics the pair won gold and became the highest-scoring figure skaters of all time for a single programme, receiving twelve perfect 6.0s and four 5.9s which included artistic impression scores of 6.0 from every judge, after skating to Maurice Ravel's Boléro. One of the most-watched television events ever in the United Kingdom, their 1984 Olympics performance was watched by a British television audience of more than 24 million people.The couple went on to record an even higher score at the 1984 World Championships, thirteen 6.0s and five 5.9s.
Answer: Torvill and Dean (Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean) are English ice dancers and former British, European, Olympic, and World champions. At the Sarajevo 1984 Winter Olympics the pair won gold and became the highest-scoring figure skaters of all time for a single programme, receiving twelve perfect 6.0s and four 5.9s which included artistic impression scores of 6.0 from every judge, after skating to Maurice Ravel's Boléro. One of the most-watched television events ever in the United Kingdom, their 1984 Olympics performance was watched by a British television audience of more than 24 million people.The couple went on to record an even higher score at the 1984 World Championships, thirteen 6.0s and five 5.9s.

The pair turned professional following the 1984 World Championships, regaining amateur status briefly ten years later in 1994 to compete in the Olympics once again. The pair retired from competitive skating for good in 1998 when they toured one last time with their own show, Ice Adventures, before rejoining Stars on Ice for one more season. Their final routine was performed to Paul Simon's "Still Crazy After All These Years", a routine they had devised a few years earlier for competition. Although remaining close friends, the pair did not skate together again until they were enticed out of retirement to take part in ITV's Dancing on Ice. Their career was portrayed in the 2018 biographical film Torvill & Dean.

Both are from Nottingham, England, where the local National Ice Centre is accessed through a public area known as Bolero Square, in honour of the pair's Olympic achievements. There is also a housing estate in the Wollaton area of the city with a street named 'Torvill Drive' and another named 'Dean Close' which is located just off Torvill Drive, with many of the surrounding roads named after coaches and dances associated with the pair. In a UK poll conducted by Channel 4 in 2002, the British public voted Torvill and Dean's winning performance at the 1984 Winter Olympics as Number 8 in the list of the 100 Greatest Sporting Moments.
Question: Is there a secure desktop operating system I can use today?
Evidence: Qubes OS is a desktop operating system based around the Xen hypervisor that allows grouping programs into a number of isolated sandboxes (virtual machines) to provide security. Windows for programs running within these sandboxes ("security domains") can be color coded for easy recognition. The security domains are configurable, they can be transient (changes to the file system will not be preserved), and their network connection can be routed through special virtual machines (for example one that only provides Tor networking). The operating system provides secure mechanisms for copy and paste and for copying files between the security domains.
Answer: Use Qubes OS! It is fairly complete and provide good isolation for most of your applications.
Question: What is Linux?
Answer: Linux is a family of open-source Unix-like operating systems that are based on the Linux kernel. The Linux kernel was first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux was originally developed for personal computers based on the Intel X86 architecture, but has since then been ported to more platforms than any other operating system. Popular Linux distributions include Debian, Fedora, Red Hat and Ubuntu.
Question: Please give me a bulleted list of countries that make up the Indian subcontinent from this passage
Evidence: The Indian subcontinent is a physiographical region in Southern Asia, situated on the Indian Plate, projecting southwards into the Indian Ocean from the Himalayas. Geopolitically, it includes the countries of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. The terms "Indian subcontinent" and "South Asia" are often used interchangeably to denote the region, although the geopolitical term of South Asia frequently includes Afghanistan, which may otherwise be classified as Central Asian.
Answer: Here is the bulleted list of countries that comprise the Indian Subcontinent

* Bangladesh
* Bhutan
* India
* Maldives
* Nepal
* Pakistan
* Sri Lanka
Question: Which types of fish contain the lowest levels of mercury?
Answer: The following types of fish contain low levels of mercury: salmon, flounder, Atlantic mackerel, anchovies, pollock, catfish, and shellfish (e.g., clams, scallops, mussels).
Question: What kind of protein is used in Biryani?
Evidence: Biryani (/bɜːrˈjɑːni/) is a mixed rice dish originating among the Muslims of the Indian subcontinent. It is made with Indian spices, rice, and usually some type of meat (chicken, beef, goat, lamb, prawn, and fish), or in some cases without any meat, and sometimes, in addition, eggs and potatoes.
Biryani is one of the most popular dishes in South Asia, as well as among the diaspora from the region. Similar dishes are also prepared in other parts of the world such as in Iraq, Myanmar, Thailand, and Malaysia. Biryani is the single most-ordered dish on Indian online food ordering and delivery services, and has been labelled as the most popular dish overall in India.
Answer: The choice of protein in Biryani can be chicken, beef, goat, lamb, prawn, fish and/or egg.
Question: Classify each of the following countries or cities: Spain, France, Norway, Brazil, Atlanta, Budapest, China, India, Tampa, London, Denmark, Sweden, Stockholm, Beijing, Amsterdam
Answer: Spain: Country
France: Country
Norway: Country
Brazil: Country 
Atlanta: City
Budapest: City
China: Country 
India: Country
Tampa: City
London: City
Denmark: Country
Sweden: Country
Stockholm: City
Beijing: City
Amsterdam: City
Question: Is the Ironbottom Sound a boardgame
Evidence: Ironbottom Sound, subtitled "The Guadalcanal Campaign", is a naval board wargame published by Quarterdeck Games in 1981 that simulates the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal during World War II. Four editions have been released by various publishers over forty years.
Answer: Ironbottom Sound, subtitled The Guadalcanal Campaign, is a naval board wargame published by Quarterdeck Games in 1981 that simulates the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal during World War II. Four editions have been released by various publishers over forty years.
Question: Does Lego release any sets with tanks?
Answer: No, the Lego corporation has a policy to never produce real modern military equipment or vehicles. However, plenty of people unaffiliated with Lego have designed Lego tanks, and many other buildable brick companies have produced tank sets as well.
Question: What are the best places to have a real American Diner Breakfast in South Lake Tahoe?
Answer: For home cooking and a real American diner experience,  
Heidi's Pancake house; 
Bert's Cafe; 
Ernie's Coffee Shop;
Driftwood Cafe;
The Red Hut Cafe
Question: What does the new entity linking dataset they offer consist of?
Evidence: Named Entity Linking is the task of detecting mentions of entities from a knowledge base in free text, as illustrated in Figure 1 .
Most of the entity linking literature focuses on target knowledge bases which are derived from Wikipedia, such as DBpedia BIBREF0 or YAGO BIBREF1 . These bases are curated automatically by harvesting information from the info-boxes and categories on each Wikipedia page and are therefore not editable directly.
Wikidata BIBREF2 is an editable, multilingual knowledge base which has recently gained popularity as a target database for entity linking BIBREF3 , BIBREF4 , BIBREF5 , BIBREF6 . As these new approaches to entity linking also introduce novel learning methods, it is hard to tell apart the benefits that come from the new models and those which come from the choice of knowledge graph and the quality of its data.
We review the main differences between Wikidata and static knowledge bases extracted from Wikipedia, and analyze their implactions for entity linking. We illustrate these differences by building a simple entity linker, OpenTapioca, which only uses data from Wikidata, and show that it is competitive with other systems with access to larger data sources for some tasks. OpenTapioca can be trained easily from a Wikidata dump only, and can be efficiently kept up to date in real time as Wikidata evolves. We also propose tools to adapt existing entity linking datasets to Wikidata, and offer a new entity linking dataset, consisting of affiliation strings extracted from research articles.
We also propose tools to adapt existing entity linking datasets to Wikidata, and offer a new entity linking dataset, consisting of affiliation strings extracted from research articles.
Answer: Affiliation strings extracted from research articles.
Question: Which inventions of the 20th century had the greatest positive impact on human lifespan?
Answer: It would be hard to argue against vaccinations or antibiotics, which have combined to limit or eliminate many life-threatening diseases throughout most of the world, such as polio, tuberculosis, and bacterial infections. Improved labor and delivery practices have significantly cut down maternal and infant morbidity rates. Electricity and synthetic fertilizers have also played key roles in establishing safe and plentiful food supply chains. There are many other examples as well.
Question: Which machine learning algorithms did the explore?
Evidence: However, recent advances in Deep Learning techniques have shown that the NER task can benefit from the use of neural architectures, such as biLSTM-networks BIBREF3 , BIBREF4 . We use the implementation proposed in BIBREF24 for conducting three different experiments. In the first, we train the model using only the word embeddings as feature. In the second, together with the word embeddings we use the POS and chunk tag. In the third, all the features previously defined are included, in addition to the word embeddings. For every experiment, we use both the pre-trained embeddings and the ones that we created with our Twitter corpora. In section 4, results obtained from the several experiments are reported.
However, recent advances in Deep Learning techniques have shown that the NER task can benefit from the use of neural architectures, such as biLSTM-networks BIBREF3 , BIBREF4 . We use the implementation proposed in BIBREF24 for conducting three different experiments.
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* biLSTM-networks
Question: What type of toilets do RVs have?
Answer: There are three main types of toilets found in RVs, with some rarer options available. Most RVs work off a “tank” system, with sink and shower water going into the “gray” tank and toilet waste going into the “black” tank. These tanks then need to be emptied on a regular basis dependent on their capacity. Toilets that work with a tank system tend to work like residential toilets, but use less water and have a foot pedal for flushing. There are two other types of toilets found often in DIY conversion RVs or “off-grid” RVs. First, cassette toilets are essentially holding tanks for toilet waste that are then pulled out of the RV and manually emptied. The “cassette” portion of the toilet is often on wheels, and can be emptied at either a dump station or in a public toilet. Composting toilets are the final common toilet type found in RVs. Composting toilets are a “dry” toilet, where waste goes into a holding tank with a composting material and becomes compost. The compost mixture must be stirred occasionally, but composting toilets often need to be emptied less often. There are less common toilets in RVs, for example incineration toilets, but they are not currently prevalent.
Question: What are some ways to cool off on a hot day?
Answer: You can cool off on a hot day by drinking cold drinks, eating ice cream, going for a swim, removing jackets or heavy clothing, moving out of the sun or going to an air conditioned area
Question: Can the vectorial representations capture the topics of the documents?
Evidence: In recent years, the use of word representations, such as word2vec BIBREF0 , BIBREF1 and GloVe BIBREF2 , has become a key “secret sauce” for the success of many natural language processing (NLP), information retrieval (IR) and machine learning (ML) tasks. The empirical success of word embeddings raises an interesting research question: Beyond words, can we learn fixed-length distributed representations for pieces of texts? The texts can be of variable-length, ranging from paragraphs to documents. Such document representations play a vital role in a large number of downstream NLP/IR/ML applications, such as text clustering, sentiment analysis, and document retrieval, which treat each piece of text as an instance. Learning a good representation that captures the semantics of each document is thus essential for the success of such applications.
In this paper, we introduce KeyVec, a neural network model that learns densely distributed representations for documents of variable-length. In order to capture semantics, the document representations are trained and optimized in a way to recover key information of the documents. In particular, given a document, the KeyVec model constructs a fixed-length vector to be able to predict both salient sentences and key words in the document. In this way, KeyVec conquers the problem of prior embedding models which treat every word and every sentence equally, failing to identify the key information that a document conveys. As a result, the vectorial representations generated by KeyVec can naturally capture the topics of the documents, and thus should yield good performance in downstream tasks.
We evaluate our KeyVec on two text understanding tasks: document retrieval and document clustering. As shown in the experimental section SECREF5 , KeyVec yields generic document representations that perform better than state-of-the-art embedding models.
As a result, the vectorial representations generated by KeyVec can naturally capture the topics of the documents, and thus should yield good performance in downstream tasks.
Answer: Yes, they can.
Question: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Tan-tan, Ruan
Answer: Ruan is string, Tan-tan is percussion.
Question: What is the advantage of the data collected from movie reviews?
Evidence: We utilised two datasets for both Turkish and English to evaluate our methods.
For Turkish, as the first dataset, we utilised the movie reviews which are collected from a popular website. The number of reviews in this movie corpus is 20,244 and the average number of words in reviews is 39. Each of these reviews has a star-rating score which is indicative of sentiment. These polarity scores are between the values 0.5 and 5, at intervals of 0.5. We consider a review to be negative it the score is equal to or lower than 2.5. On the other hand, if it is equal to or higher than 4, it is assumed to be positive. We have randomly selected 7,020 negative and 7,020 positive reviews and processed only them.
The second Turkish dataset is the Twitter corpus which is formed of tweets about Turkish mobile network operators. Those tweets are mostly much noisier and shorter compared to the reviews in the movie corpus. In total, there are 1,716 tweets. 973 of them are negative and 743 of them are positive. These tweets are manually annotated by two humans, where the labels are either positive or negative. We measured the Cohen's Kappa inter-annotator agreement score to be 0.82. If there was a disagreement on the polarity of a tweet, we removed it.
We also utilised two other datasets in English to test the cross-linguality of our approaches. One of them is a movie corpus collected from the web. There are 5,331 positive reviews and 5,331 negative reviews in this corpus. The other is a Twitter dataset, which has nearly 1.6 million tweets annotated through a distant supervised method BIBREF14. These tweets have positive, neutral, and negative labels. We have selected 7,020 positive tweets and 7,020 negative tweets randomly to generate a balanced dataset.
For Turkish, as the first dataset, we utilised the movie reviews which are collected from a popular website[https://www.beyazperde.com]. The number of reviews in this movie corpus is 20,244 and the average number of words in reviews is 39. Each of these reviews has a star-rating score which is indicative of sentiment. These polarity scores are between the values 0.5 and 5, at intervals of 0.5. We consider a review to be negative it the score is equal to or lower than 2.5. On the other hand, if it is equal to or higher than 4, it is assumed to be positive. We have randomly selected 7,020 negative and 7,020 positive reviews and processed only them.
Answer: First, rating scores can be directly seen as the polarity score and they are indicative of sentiment. Second, the size is large enough to conduct the experiment as there remains over 14 thousand reviews after data cleaning.
Question: What's a good 5-day itinerary for visiting the Amalfi Coast?
Answer: Congratulations on your upcoming trip to the Amalfi Coast! It is one of the most beautiful coasts in the world. 5-day is a good length to visit the Amalfi Coast. To start, you can fly into Naples airport, and take a private transfer to Sorrento, Italy. You can also get to Sorrento by train or boat. Sorrento is a very convenient central point for your 5-day trip so you don't have to hotel hop. Spend the first day walk around Sorrento, and orient yourself on where the train station and the port is. Enjoy a delicious dinner on the hills. 

Day 2, visit Positano and Praiano. Both are beautiful little towns and can be visited and explored on foot. You can easily get to both places by water taxi. 

Day 3. Book a boat tour to visit the famous Capri and the Blue Grotto. You will be amazed by the beautiful color of the Blue Grotto. However if you are going in high season, expect a wait to enter the Blue Grotto. Capri island has a lot to be discovered, and don't miss the funicular!

Day 4: Visit 2 of the most beautiful manors on the Amalfi Coast in Ravello: Villa Cimbrone and Villa Rufolo. Have a meal there to enjoy the surroundings and the views. Then walk around the town of Ravello.

Day 5: Go back to Naples for a day to enjoy the pizza, and historical city. If you can make a stop at Pompeii, that'd be a wonderful visit as well.
Question: How many grandslams are there in Tennis in one year?
Answer: There are four grandslams in one year. It starts with Australian open which is played on hard court. Second one is French open which is played on clay court. Third is Wimbledon which is played on grass court and final one is US Open is played on hard court.
Question: Which do you prefer, cakes or pies? Describe why you believe this way.
Answer: Pies are superior than cakes. Both cakes and pies have a wide variety of flavor options, with options to have pies or cakes filled with fruit, chocolate, mousse or any number of other flavors. Therefore, the variety of flavors is a tie between cakes and pies. However, pies are better for two main reasons. The first is that they typically have a much richer flavor in their filling, whereas cakes are often less flavorful and the frosting is too sweet. Second, pies don't suffer from dry fillings, whereas far too many cakes are completely dry. This makes pies overall a much better dessert to choose.