DataHammer/scimrc huggingface dataset:
Question: Given a reference text on the beginnings of triathlon, tell me where the event was first held, in what year, and what sport was first in the sequence of the race.
Evidence: The first modern swim/bike/run event was held at Mission Bay, San Diego, California on September 25, 1974. The race was conceived and directed by two members of the San Diego Track Club, Jack Johnstone and Don Shanahan. Johnstone recalls that he was a part of the 70s jogging craze in America and that after entering a few races he was not regaining his "mediocre fitness" despite having been a member of the 1957 Collegiate and AAU All-American swim teams. Then in 1973, Johnstone learned of the Dave Pain Birthday Biathlon, a 7.2 km (4.5 mi) run followed by what was billed as a quarter-mile (0.4 km) swim (the actual distance was only between 200 and 300 yards). The following year, after competing in the event for the second time and placing in the top ten, Johnstone desired more of this style of race and with equal emphasis on the swim. So he petitioned the chairman of the San Diego Track Club who told him he would add a race to the club calendar. But the rest of the race was up to Johnstone to organise, and at the same time he was to contact Don Shanahan so there wouldn't be too many "weird" races on the club schedule. Shanahan told Johnstone that he wanted to include a biking leg to the race; whilst hesitant Johnstone agreed to the addition. When naming the event the pair used the unofficially agreed naming system for multisport events, already used for pentathlon, heptathlon, and decathlon. So they used the Greek prefix tri (three) for the number of events, followed by the already familiar athlon, hence naming the event the Mission Bay Triathlon. It is worthy of note that neither founder had heard of the French events; both believed their race was a unique idea.

On Wednesday, September 25, 1974, the race started. It began with a run of a 4.8 km (3 mi) loop, followed by biking twice around Fiesta Island for a total of 8.0 km (5 mi). Entrants would then get off the bikes, take their shoes off and run into the water to swim to the mainland. That was followed by running in bare feet, then swimming again along the bay, then one last swim up to the entrance of Fiesta Island, and a final crawl up a steep dirt bank to finish. Most participants were not skilled swimmers, so Johnstone recruited his 13-year-old son to float on his surfboard and act as lifeguard. Some participants took longer than expected, and it began to get dark as they finished their swims. Shanahan recalls they pulled up a few cars and turned on the headlights so the athletes could see. Johnstone and Shanahan were surprised by the large number of entrants (46), mainly coming from local running clubs. Two notable entrants, Judy and John Collins, would four years later found the event which brought international attention to the new sport: the Hawaii Ironman.
Answer: The first triathlon occurred in San Diego, California in 1974. Unlike today's events, the triathlon began with a run.
Question: What is Kafka Connect?
Answer: Kafka Connect is an open-source framework that provides a scalable and reliable way to move data in and out of Apache Kafka. It is a part of the Apache Kafka ecosystem and enables developers to easily integrate Kafka with other data systems.
Kafka Connect works by using connectors, which are pluggable components that provide a way to connect to different data sources or sinks. A connector can be configured to read data from a source system and write it to Kafka or to read data from Kafka and write it to a target system. There are a number of pre-built connectors available for common data sources such as databases, file systems, and message queues, as well as for cloud services such as AWS S3 and Google Cloud Storage. Developers can also create their own custom connectors for use with Kafka Connect.
Question: Who are the 5 best known composers from the romantic period?
Answer: The five best known composer from the romantic period are: Wagner,  Verdi, Liszt, Chopin, and Tchaikovsky.
Question: What are some of the most famous rock bands from Seattle, Washington?
Answer: Famous rock bands from Seattle include Nirvana, Pearl Jam, Soundgarden, and Foo Fighters.
Question: What caused the great depression?
Answer: The Great Depression, flawed government policies, bank failures and the collapse of the money supply were all contributing factors to the depression.
Question: I'm always confused while segregating the trash. Could you help me identify what should go where? I have to throw these items: Soda Can, Paper Napkin, and Coffee Cup.
Answer: Here is how you can segregate these items:
1. Soda Can: Most soda cans get made from aluminum, which is recyclable. You can put it into the recycling bin.
2. Paper Napkin: If the paper napkin contains food debris, it should go in a trash can. Otherwise, you can put it in the compost bin.
3. Coffee Cup: You should check the coffee cup for the recycling symbol. If it is a plastic cup, it should go in the recycling bin. Otherwise, if it is a paper cup with a plastic lining, it can go in the compost bin. However, remember that if the cup has any food or liquid, it should go in the trash bin.
Question: What does the entry consist of in the database?
Evidence: We have created a dataset of discharge summaries and nursing notes, all in the English language, with a focus on frequently readmitted patients, labeled with 15 clinical patient phenotypes believed to be associated with risk of recurrent Intensive Care Unit (ICU) readmission per our domain experts (co-authors LAC, PAT, DAG) as well as the literature. BIBREF10 BIBREF11 BIBREF12
Each entry in this database of consists of a Subject Identifier (integer), a Hospital Admission Identifier (integer), Category (string), Text (string), 15 Phenotypes (binary) including “None” and “Unsure”, Batch Date (string), and Operators (string). These variables are sufficient to use the data set alone, or to join it to the MIMIC-III database by Subject Identifier or Hospital Admission Identifier for additional patient-level or admission-level data, respectively. The MIMIC database BIBREF8 was utilized to extract Subject Identifiers, Hospital Admission Identifiers, and Note Text.
Annotated discharge summaries had a median token count of 1417.50 (Q1-Q3: 1046.75 - 1926.00) with a vocabulary of 26454 unique tokens, while nursing notes had a median count of 208 (Q1-Q3: 120 - 312) with a vocabulary of 12865 unique tokens.
Table defines each of the considered clinical patient phenotypes. Table counts the occurrences of these phenotypes across patient notes and Figure contains the corresponding correlation matrix. Lastly, Table presents an overview of some descriptive statistics on the patient notes' lengths.
Each entry in this database of consists of a Subject Identifier (integer), a Hospital Admission Identifier (integer), Category (string), Text (string), 15 Phenotypes (binary) including “None” and “Unsure”, Batch Date (string), and Operators (string).
Answer: Each entry in this database of consists of a Subject Identifier (integer), a Hospital Admission Identifier (integer), Category (string), Text (string), 15 Phenotypes (binary) including “None” and “Unsure”, Batch Date (string), and Operators (string).
Question: Why Santorini is Famous
Answer: Because it has nice beaches and mountain resorts. The view is spectacular
Question: Where to find the best croissant in San Francisco?
Answer: This is hard to say as the answer heavily depends on your preference. Arsicault is generally a very popular bakery for croissants. The croissants here are very flaky and very buttery. If that is right up your alley, definitely give them a visit! Other than Arsicault, there are many bakeries in SF that offers croissant with a creative twist. A couple examples are Hahdough for pretzel croissants and Arizmendi for sourdough croissants. Personally, I prefer my croissants to be not too buttery but moist in the middle and crunchy on the outside. My personal favorite is Schubert's Bakery in Inner Richmond. The price point and taste well align with what I am looking for!
Question: Where will the third Summer Olympic Games be held?
Evidence: It will be the third Summer Games to be held in Australia after the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Victoria and the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, New South Wales. It will also be the fourth Summer Games to be held in the Southern Hemisphere, after the aforementioned games in Australia and the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This will also be the second Summer Games to be held entirely in a host country's meteorological winter, after Rio de Janeiro.
Answer: The third Summer Games to be held in Australia will be hosted in Brisbane, Queensland.
Question: List some titles from Ray Bradbury.
Answer: Fahrenheit 451, The Martian Chronicles, Dandelion Wine, Something Wicked This Way Comes, The Halloween Tree
Question: Identify which animal is domesticated or wild: Yak, Mute swan
Answer: Mute swan is wild, Yak is domesticated
Question: Why do people travel to different places.
Answer: People may travel to just explore the world, see touristic highlights and experience different cultures. For example there are many tourists visiting my home town Cologne to visit the famous cathedral, ancient roman, and medieval remains and the famous romanic churches. Tasting the local beer in the old town is also a famous attraction.
Question: Which of the following creatures is real or fantasy: Lion, Unicorn, Jellyfish, Hydra, Minotaur, Ox, Centaur, Horse, Kraken
Answer: Lion - Real
Unicorn - Fantasy
Jellyfish - Real
Hydra - Fantasy
Minotaur - Fantasy
Ox - Real
Centaur - Fantasy
Horse - Real
Mermaid - Fantasy
Question: What are the disadvantages of pipelined framework?
Evidence: Recent years, great efforts have been made on extracting relational fact from unstructured raw texts to build large structural knowledge bases. A relational fact is often represented as a triplet which consists of two entities (subject and object) and semantic relation between them. Early works BIBREF0, BIBREF1, BIBREF2 mainly focused on the task of relation classification which assumes the entity pair are identified beforehand. This limits their practical application since they neglect the extraction of entities. To extract both entities and their relation, existing methods can be divided into two categories : the pipelined framework, which first uses sequence labeling models to extract entities, and then uses relation classification models to identify the relation between each entity pair; and the joint approach, which combines the entity model and the relation model through different strategies, such as constraints or parameters sharing.

The pipelined framework has the flexibility of integrating different data sources and learning algorithms, but their disadvantages are obvious. First, they suffer significantly from error propagation, the error of the entity extraction stage will be propagated to the relation classification stage. Second, they ignore the relevance of entity extraction and relation classification. As shown in Figure 2, entity contained in book title marks can be a song or book, its relation to a person can be singer or writer. Once the relationship has been confirmed, the entity type can be easily identified, and vice versa. For example, if we know the relationship is singer, then the entity type should be a song. Entity extraction and relation classification can benefit from each other so it will harm the performance if we consider them separately. Third, the pipelined framework results in low computational efficiency. After the entity extraction stage, each entity pair should be passed to the relation classification model to identify their relation. Since most entity pairs have no relation, this two-stage manner is inefficient.
Answer: First, they suffer significantly from error propagation, the error of the entity extraction stage will be propagated to the relation classification stage. Second, they ignore the relevance of entity extraction and relation classification. Third, the pipelined framework results in low computational efficiency.
Question: Why would an NHL team want to lose to be last in the standings?
Answer: While winning is ultimately the goal of professional sports teams, in many sports leagues, including the National Hockey League (NHL), teams that are worse get higher draft picks in the upcoming year's entry draft.

Having a higher pick in the entry draft can be very valuable, since it is one of the best ways to get a very talented player on your team. For example, Sidney Crosby, and Connor McDavid, widely considered to be the best players in the NHL were both first overall picks in their drafts.
Question: Which of the companies in this list are social media platforms: Twitter, Amazon, Instagram, Square, Venmo, Tiktok, Apple.
Answer: In this list, Twitter, Instagram, and Tiktok are social media platforms.
Question: Why is the green card process so long and complex for people from India and China?
Answer: The US Immigration system issues Permanent Residence cards, also known as green cards, which lets people reside and work on a permanent basis in the United States. The number of green cards issued each year is fixed at 140000 and each country is capped with a 7% quota i.e. no more than 9800 green cards can be issued to residents of a single country. Since there are hundreds of thousands of people who come to work in the US from India and China every year, they have to wait several years before they become eligible for a green card. This long delay can disrupt the lives of these people since the work visa they have does not grant them permission to reside and work in the US on a permanent basis, and they may have to leave the US, along with their families, if their work visa expires.
Question: What is a proof that there are two irrational numbers where raising one to the power of the other produces a rational number?
Answer: Here is a proof by cases that there exist two irrational numbers a and b such that a^b is rational. First, consider a = b = sqrt(2). Recall that sqrt(2) is irrational, so If a^b = sqrt(2) ^ sqrt(2) is rational, we are done because we have found irrational a and b with a^b being a rational number. Otherwise, sqrt(2) ^ sqrt(2) is irrational. Let a = sqrt(2) ^ sqrt(2) and b = sqrt(2). Then a ^ b = (sqrt(2) ^ sqrt(2)) ^ sqrt(2) = sqrt(2) ^ (sqrt(2) * sqrt(2)) = sqrt(2) ^ 2 = 2, which is rational. So either way, we can find irrational a and b with a^b being rational.
Question: Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Mandobass, Pommer
Answer: Pommer is woodwind, Mandobass is string.
Question: How does the author's recently proposed generation model decode the answer?
Evidence: We then explore three typical neural models that perform well on existing formal-text datasets. One takes a generative perspective and learns to decode the answer conditioned on the question and context, while the others learns to extract a text span from the context that best answers the question.
RNN-based encoder-decoder models BIBREF20 , BIBREF21 have been widely used for natural language generation tasks. Here we consider a recently proposed generative model BIBREF22 that first encodes the context and question into a multi-perspective memory via four different neural matching layers, then decodes the answer using an attention-based model equipped with both copy and coverage mechanisms. The model is trained on our dataset for 15 epochs and we choose the model parameters that achieve the best BLEU-1 score on the development set.
Unlike the aforementioned generative model, the Bi-Directional Attention Flow (BiDAF) BIBREF23 network learns to directly predict the answer span in the context. BiDAF first utilizes multi-level embedding layers to encode both the question and context, then uses bi-directional attention flow to get a query-aware context representation, which is further modeled by an RNN layer to make the span predictions. Since our TweetQA does not have labeled answer spans as in SQuAD, we need to use the human-written answers to retrieve the answer-span labels for training. To get the approximate answer spans, we consider the same matching approach as in the query matching baseline. But instead of using questions to do matching, we use the human-written answers to get the spans that achieve the best BLEU-1 scores.
This is another extractive RC model that benefits from the recent advance in pretrained general language encoders BIBREF24 , BIBREF25 . In our work, we select the BERT model BIBREF25 which has achieved the best performance on SQuAD. In our experiments, we use the PyTorch reimplementation of the uncased base model. The batch size is set as 12 and we fine-tune the model for 2 epochs with learning rate 3e-5.
Here we consider a recently proposed generative model that first encodes the context and question into a multi-perspective memory via four different neural matching layers, then decodes the answer using an attention-based model equipped with both copy and coverage mechanisms.
Answer: First encodes the context and question into a multi-perspective memory via four different neural matching layers, then decodes the answer using an attention-based model equipped with both copy and coverage mechanisms.
Question: Why might the 2023 MLB season break the record for total runs scored in a single regular season?
Answer: The 2023 MLB season might break the total runs scored record in a regular season due to three rule changes.. 

1. Base sizes going from 15 inches per side to 18 inches per side. The increase in base size promotes safer stealing conditions for runners allowing them to more easily avoid contact with fielders. Also, the larger base surface area will help runners from "over-sliding" on the base leading to an out.

2. Two disengagements per plate appearance. Pitchers are only allowed two forms of disengagement which will reduce the number of pickoff attempts and mound step offs. In the event of a third disengagement, the pitcher will be charged with a balk leading to a base advancement for any runner on base or a ball given to the batter.

3. Eliminating the shift. When the time a pitch is thrown, all four infielders must be on the infield dirt or grass with two on each side of second base. This new rule will increase batting averages, hits per game, and more doubles.
Question: What factors influence mental health issues in young people?
Answer: There are many factors which are affecting mental health issues in people today - these include:
- High inflation
- Wage stagnation
- Low job prospects
- Poor access to physical and mental healthcare
- Lack of home ownership
- Superficial internet presence
Question: What experimental phenomena are presented?
Evidence: Existing researches on unsupervised pre-training for NLG are conducted on various tasks for different purposes. Probing into the assorted empirical results may help us discover some interesting phenomenons:
The advantage of pre-training gradually diminishes with the increase of labeled data BIBREF14, BIBREF17, BIBREF18.
Fixed representations yield better results than fine-tuning in some cases BIBREF24.
Overall, pre-training the Seq2Seq encoder outperforms pre-training the decoder BIBREF24, BIBREF17, BIBREF15, BIBREF16.
Probing into the assorted empirical results may help us discover some interesting phenomenons:

The advantage of pre-training gradually diminishes with the increase of labeled data BIBREF14, BIBREF17, BIBREF18.

Fixed representations yield better results than fine-tuning in some cases BIBREF24.

Overall, pre-training the Seq2Seq encoder outperforms pre-training the decoder BIBREF24, BIBREF17, BIBREF15, BIBREF16.
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* The advantage of pre-training gradually diminishes with the increase of labeled data
* Fixed representations yield better results than fine-tuning in some cases
* pre-training the Seq2Seq encoder outperforms pre-training the decoder
Question: Name some famous rock bands from the 1960s
Answer: The 1960s had a number of famous rock bands including The Beatles, The Beach Boys, The Doors, The Rolling Stones, The Who, Led Zeppelin, The Grateful Dead, Pink Floyd, and many more.
Question: Is Arsenal the most successful Soccer team in England?
Evidence: Arsenal was the first club from the South of England to join the Football League in 1893, and they reached the First Division in 1904. Relegated only once, in 1913, they continue the longest streak in the top division, and have won the second-most top-flight matches in English football history. In the 1930s, Arsenal won five League Championships and two FA Cups, and another FA Cup and two Championships after the war. In 1970–71, they won their first League and FA Cup Double. Between 1989 and 2005, they won five League titles and five FA Cups, including two more Doubles. They completed the 20th century with the highest average league position. Between 1998 and 2017, Arsenal qualified for the UEFA Champions League for nineteen consecutive seasons.
Answer: Arsenal FC was the first club in the south of england to join the football league in 1893.   They have been only relegated once in 1913 and completed the 20th century with the highest average position so over time, yes, you can say they have been the most successful.
Question: What are some of the causes for the decline of the northern rockhopper?
Evidence: A study published in 2009 showed that the world population of the northern rockhopper had declined by 90% since the 1950s, possibly because of climate change, changes in marine ecosystems and overfishing for squid and octopus by humans. Other possible factors in the decline include disturbance and pollution from ecotourism and fishing, egg-harvesting, and predation and competition from subantarctic fur seals (Arctophoca tropicalis). Surveys show that the birds are at risk of infection by goose barnacles. House mice (Mus musculus) have been introduced into their environment by human sea expeditions. The mice have proven to be invasive, and consume northern rockhopper eggs, as well as hunt their young. In order to preserve the birds, a culling of the mice is being considered. The climate change conditions alter food availability since it reduces nutrients and productivity. This causes an effect on the body mass, causing a negative impact on their reproductivity success.
Answer: Some of the causes of the decline of the northern rockhopper include climate change, overfishing and introduction of invasive species such as mice.
Question: Can you sort these events from newest to oldest: James Cameron's movie Titanic was released, Leo Messi won world cup for Argentina, Barak Obama became president.
Answer: Leo Messi won world cup for Argentina, Barak Obama became president, James Cameron's movie Titanic was released.