DataHammer/scimrc huggingface dataset:
Question: What is the meaning of Life, The Universe, and Everything?
Answer: This topic has been discussed in debt by Theologians, philosophers, and scientists throughout the course of human history.  While most observations about the universe leave the question unanswered the broad strokes are as follows.

Theologians state in many religions that there is an organizing force known as God providing direction to the universe.  Humans that best align with this organizing force or God are guaranteed good fortune in this life or after.  There are variations in humans level of involvement in this process with Christianity requiring a savior (Jesus) for people to enter the afterlife vs achieving a higher state of consciousness in this life or through reincarnation.

Philosophers differ on the meaning of life with predominate views following down the lines of seeking your own fulfillment or the fulfillment of others.  Seeking your own fulfillment has been a major component of capitalism, self-preservation, and risk taking that lead to new discoveries in Science and Technology.  Seeking the fulfillment of others has lead to great advancements in philanthropy, equality, and the general well being of society.  This "social compact" insures stability and provides an expectation that harmful activities like Murder, Robbery, etc are discouraged and punished.

Scientists view this question through the lens of the observable universe.  As such efforts have been made to create a "unifying theory of everything" to show some understandable order to the universe.  Others have focused their study on the improbability of how humans could have been created in a universe with seemingly random and infinite chance.  Some scientists have conceded that the question is something Science is ill-fitted to answer.

Most importantly Douglas Adams, a prominent British author specializing in absurdity, answered the question in the book "The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy" with the answer "42."
Question: When was the US flag created?
Answer: On June 14, 1777, the Continental Congress passed an act establishing an official flag. Today, the flag has 13 horizontal stripes that represent the colonies and 50 stars that represent the states.
Question: Tell me about the American Civil War
Answer: The American Civil War was fought from 1861 - 1865 between the Union (North) and Confederate (South) armies.  The Union was thought to have an easy path to victory since it enjoyed the advantages of a more modern industrial economy and greater numbers of fighting aged-men.  However, the war dragged on for much longer, and at a higher cost than most initially imagined - carrying on 4 years and at a cost of about 600,000 dead.  The Union won, and the United States was saved from a constitutional crisis as a result.
Question: Based on the following paragraph on astrobiology, what is the Viking program?
Evidence: The modern field of astrobiology can be traced back to the 1950s and 1960s with the advent of space exploration, when scientists began to seriously consider the possibility of life on other planets. In 1957, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite, which marked the beginning of the Space Age. This event led to an increase in the study of the potential for life on other planets, as scientists began to consider the possibilities opened up by the new technology of space exploration. In 1959, NASA funded its first exobiology project, and in 1960, NASA founded the Exobiology Program, now one of four main elements of NASA's current Astrobiology Program. In 1971, NASA funded Project Cyclops, part of the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, to search radio frequencies of the electromagnetic spectrum for interstellar communications transmitted by extraterrestrial life outside the Solar System. In the 1960s-1970s, NASA established the Viking program, which was the first US mission to land on Mars and search for metabolic signs of present life; the results were inconclusive.
Answer: The Viking program, established by NASA in the 1960s to 1970s, was the first US mission with the goal to land on Mars and search for metabolic signs of present life.
Question: Is it possible to live life without having to use a door?
Answer: While it is unknown if this question has ever been asked.  It is definitely possible to live your life without using a door.  This brings health benefits caused by not needing to touch doorknobs to living/working in areas with more access to air flow.  Many commercial spaces now feature automatic sliding doors and open floor plans to maximize the health benefits of not using doorknobs.  

This question primarily seems to be relevant in the context of suburban/urban dwellers where most doors are constructed and utilized.  While some may argue that privacy screens, hanging beads, and flaps could be seen as doors they are not being considered in this case.  Regions that have a low prevalence of doors might not realize this as an issue at all.

So yes it is possible to live your entire life without having to use a door but the difficulty increases exponentially the closer you get to an urban area.
Question: Share some key points about gem Ruby from the given text
Evidence: A ruby is a pinkish red to blood-red colored gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum (aluminium oxide). Ruby is one of the most popular traditional jewelry gems and is very durable. Other varieties of gem-quality corundum are called sapphires. Ruby is one of the traditional cardinal gems, alongside amethyst, sapphire, emerald, and diamond. The word ruby comes from ruber, Latin for red. The color of a ruby is due to the element chromium.
Answer: 1.	A ruby is a type of the mineral corundum that ranges in colour from pinkish red to blood-red. (aluminium oxide).
2.	One of the most well-liked traditional jewellery jewels is ruby, which is also quite strong.
3.	Other varieties of gem-quality stones are called as sapphires.
4.	Ruby, along with amethyst, sapphire, emerald, and diamond, is one of the classic cardinal stones.
5.	Ruby derives from the Latin word ruber, which means red.
6.	The element chromium is responsible for a ruby's colour.
Question: Categorize the companies based on their ownership status as private or public.
Twitter, SpaceX, Tesla
Answer: Private held : Twitter, SpaceX
Public : Tesla
Question: What is the oldest incorporated academy in the united states, with multiple u.s. presidents as alumni?
Evidence: Phillips Academy is the oldest incorporated academy in the United States, established in 1778 by Samuel Phillips Jr. His uncle, Dr. John Phillips, later founded Phillips Exeter Academy in 1781. Phillips Academy's endowment stood at just over one billion dollars as of February 2016. Andover is subject to the control of a board of trustees, headed by Amy Falls, who succeeded Peter Currie, business executive and former Netscape Chief Financial Officer, who himself had taken over as president of the Phillips Academy Board of Trustees on July 1, 2012. On December 5, 2019, Dr. Raynard S. Kington, 13th President of Grinnell College, was named the 16th Head of School.

Phillips Academy admitted only boys until the school became coeducational in 1973, the year of Phillips Academy's merger with Abbot Academy, a boarding school for girls also in Andover. Abbot Academy, founded in 1828, was one of the first incorporated schools for girls in New England. Then-headmaster Theodore Sizer of Phillips and Donald Gordon of Abbot oversaw the merger.

Andover traditionally educated its students for Yale, just as Phillips Exeter Academy educated its students for Harvard, and Lawrenceville prepped students for Princeton.

The school's student-run newspaper, The Phillipian, is the oldest secondary school newspaper in the United States, the next oldest secondary school newspaper being The Exonian, Phillips Exeter Academy's weekly. The Phillipian was first published on July 28, 1857, and has been published regularly since 1878. It retains financial and editorial independence from Phillips Academy, having completed a $500,000 endowment drive in 2014. Students comprise the editorial board and make all decisions for the paper, consulting with two faculty advisors at their own discretion. The Philomathean Society is one of the oldest high school debate societies in the nation, second to the Daniel Webster Debate Society at Phillips Exeter Academy.

Phillips Academy also runs a five-week summ
Answer: Phillips Academy Andover, Massachusetts
Question: Does Caulerpa ellistoniae grow on land?
Evidence: Caulerpa ellistoniae is a species of seaweed in the family Caulerpaceae.
Answer: No, it grows in the sea because it is a species of seaweed.
Question: From the passage list down the areas for which Dar es Salaam is Tanzania's most prominent city. List the results in comma separated format.
Evidence: Dar es Salaam (/ˌdɑːr ɛs səˈlɑːm/; from Arabic: دَار السَّلَام, romanized: Dâr es-Selâm, lit. 'Abode of Peace') or commonly known as Dar, is the largest city and financial hub of Tanzania. It is also the capital of Dar es Salaam Region. With a population of over six million people, Dar is the largest city in East Africa and the seventh-largest in Africa. Located on the Swahili coast, Dar es Salaam is an important economic centre and is one of the fastest-growing cities in the world.

The town was founded by Majid bin Said, the first Sultan of Zanzibar, in 1865 or 1866. It was the main administrative and commercial center of German East Africa, Tanganyika, and Tanzania. The decision was made in 1974 to move the capital to Dodoma and was officially completed in 1996.

Dar es Salaam is Tanzania's most prominent city for arts, fashion, media, film, television, and finance. It is the capital of the co-extensive Dar es Salaam Region, one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions, and consists of five districts: Kinondoni in the north; Ilala in the centre; Ubungo and Temeke in the south; and Kigamboni in the east across the Kurasini estuary.
Answer: arts, fashion, media, film, television, finance
Question: Write a diary entry about a real life incident on your recent trip with your family
Answer: It was a sunny afternoon when we went hiking at Latourell falls as a family. When we were climbing down suddenly we found a snake and a salamander on the trail. The snake attacked the salamander. The salamander fought back but the snake ate it. My son saw the scene and felt so sad. We explained to him that it was nature's way of keeping the balance.
Question: What are the differences between acoustic guitars and classic guitars?
Answer: There are several differences between acoustic guitars and classic (nylon) guitars. 
1) The strings in acoustic guitars are made of steel, but for a classic guitar they are made of nylon.
2) the second difference is in the sound and tone they are producing. The sound created by an acoustic guitar is more crisp and twangy as apposed to the one created by a classic guitar which is more mellow.
3) The third difference is in the shape and body. The neck of an classic guitar is wider.
Question: What's the authors' intuition to combine different genres of training?
Evidence: In recent studies, deep learning models have achieved top performances in emotion detection and classification. Access to large amount of data has contributed to these high results. Numerous efforts have been dedicated to build emotion classification models, and successful results have been reported. In this work, we combine several popular emotional data sets in different genres, plus the one given for this task to train the emotion model we developed. We introduce a multigenre training mechanism, our intuition to combine different genres are a) to augment more training data, b) to generalize detection of emotion. We utilize Portable textual information such as subjectivity, sentiment, and presence of emotion words, because emotional sentences are subjective and affectual states like sentiment are strong indicator for presence of emotion.
The rest of this paper is structured as followings: section SECREF2 introduce our neural net model, in section SECREF3 we explain the experimental setup and data that is been used for training and development sets, section SECREF4 discuss the results and analyze the errors, section SECREF5 describe related works, section SECREF6 conclude our study and discuss future direction.
We introduce a multigenre training mechanism, our intuition to combine different genres are a) to augment more training data, b) to generalize detection of emotion.
Answer: a) to augment more training data, b) to generalize detection of emotion.
Question: Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Biwa, Aulos
Answer: Aulos is woodwind, Biwa is string.
Question: Name some famous 1990 music
Answer: Oasis - Wonderwall, The Offspring - Self Esteem, Nirvana - Smells Like Teen Spirit, Daft Punk - Around the World.
Question: How does a noise-cancelling headphone work?
Answer: A noise-canceling headphone can actively monitor the background noise and generate an opposite waveform to negate the noise and prevent it from reaching your ear. Sound is transmitted as waveforms in the air and the measurement of the sound is the amplitude. A noise-canceling device can generate an inverted waveform to match a noise peak with a trough and vice versa. When combining the noise waveform and the inverted waveform their amplitude becomes zero and the noise feels like it is canceled.
Question: What kind of dataset is the Phoenix dataset?
Evidence: Automated coding of political event data, or the record of who-did-what-to-whom within the context of political actions, has existed for roughly two decades. The approach has remained largely the same during this time, with the underlying coding procedures not updating to reflect changes in natural language processing (NLP) technology. These NLP technologies have now advanced to such a level, and with accompanying open-source software implementations, that their inclusion in the event-data coding process comes as an obvious advancement. When combined with changes in how news content is obtained, the ability to store and process large amounts of text, and enhancements based on two decades worth of event-data experience, it becomes clear that political event data is ready for a next generation dataset.
In this chapter, I provide the technical details for creating such a next-generation dataset. The technical details lead to a pipeline for the production of the Phoenix event dataset. The Phoenix dataset is a daily updated, near-real-time political event dataset. The coding process makes use of open-source NLP software, an abundance of online news content, and other technical advances made possible by open-source software. This enables a dataset that is transparent and replicable, while providing a more accurate coding process than previously possible. Additionally, the dataset's near-real-time nature also enables many applications that were previously impossible with batch-updated datasets, such as monitoring of ongoing events. Thus, this dataset provides a significant improvement over previous event data generation efforts.
In the following sections I briefly outline the history of computer-generated political event data to this point in history. I then outline what the “next generation” of event data should look like. Following this, I discuss the many facets of creating a real-time political event dataset, mainly from a technological and infrastructure standpoint. Finally, the paper concludes with a brief empirical view of the Phoenix event dataset, which is the output of the previously-discussed technological pipeline.
The Phoenix dataset is a daily updated, near-real-time political event dataset.
Answer: A daily updated, near-real-time political event dataset.
Question: What is the maximum speed a plane can reach?
Answer: That answer depends on the type of plane and what it is for. Commercial airplanes average 900 km/h, but military planes and jets can reach speeds over 1,000 km/h. Other planes like the Concorde and an F-16 fighter can exceed 2,000 km/h.
Question: Why is the Bay Area football team called the 49ers?
Answer: The "49ers" is the nickname for those who flocked to Northern California in 1849 hoping to take advantage of the gold rush. The 49ers were also the first NFL team, and in fact, the first major professional sports team to originate on the West Coast.
Question: Will the Penrith Panthers win the NRL Grand Final this year?
Answer: While it is very hard to predict the outcome of a future sporting event, all evidence shows that the Penrith Panthers have been very successful in the recent past, winning both the 2021 and 2022 NRL Grand Finals and losing the 2020 NRL Grand Final. Since the introduction of Ivan Cleary as the head coach and his son Nathan Cleary as the star halfback the team have built out a formidable playing group and have been consistently successful. The biggest doubt is the slow start of the 2023 season, with the loss of key playmaker Api Koroisau to the Balmain Tigers and edge forward Villame Kikau to the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs the team has struggled to find the same form as they had starting the previous three seasons.
Question: What is use of bezier curve in Robotics?
Evidence: Bézier curves can be used in robotics to produce trajectories of an end-effector due to the virtue of the control polygon’s ability to give a clear indication of whether the path is colliding with any nearby obstacle or object. Furthermore, joint space trajectories can be accurately differentiated using Bézier curves. Consequently, the derivatives of joint space trajectories are used in the calculation of the dynamics and control effort (torque profiles) of the robotic manipulator.
Answer: Bézier curves can be used in robotics to produce trajectories of an end-effector due to the virtue of the control polygon’s ability to give a clear indication of whether the path is colliding with any nearby obstacle or object.
Question: What is YARN?
Answer: YARN (“Yet Another Resource Negotiator“) is the Hadoop operating system that enables to manage resources and schedule jobs in Hadoop.
Question: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Pellet drum, Rajao
Answer: Rajao is string, Pellet drum is percussion
Question: How to measure informativeness by the method of Expected Gradient Length?
Evidence: State-of-the-art automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems BIBREF0 have large model capacities and require significant quantities of training data to generalize. Labeling thousands of hours of audio, however, is expensive and time-consuming. A natural question to ask is how to achieve better generalization with fewer training examples. Active learning studies this problem by identifying and labeling only the most informative data, potentially reducing sample complexity. How much active learning can help in large-scale, end-to-end ASR systems, however, is still an open question.
The speech recognition community has generally identified the informativeness of samples by calculating confidence scores. In particular, an utterance is considered informative if the most likely prediction has small probability BIBREF1 , or if the predictions are distributed very uniformly over the labels BIBREF2 . Though confidence-based measures work well in practice, less attention has been focused on gradient-based methods like Expected Gradient Length (EGL) BIBREF3 , where the informativeness is measured by the norm of the gradient incurred by the instance. EGL has previously been justified as intuitively measuring the expected change in a model's parameters BIBREF3 .We formalize this intuition from the perspective of asymptotic variance reduction, and experimentally, we show EGL to be superior to confidence-based methods on speech recognition tasks. Additionally, we observe that the ranking of samples scored by EGL is not correlated with that of confidence scoring, suggesting EGL identifies aspects of an instance that confidence scores cannot capture.
In BIBREF3 , EGL was applied to active learning on sequence labeling tasks, but our work is the first we know of to apply EGL to speech recognition in particular. Gradient-based methods have also found applications outside active learning. For example, BIBREF4 suggests that in stochastic gradient descent, sampling training instances with probabilities proportional to their gradient lengths can speed up convergence. From the perspective of variance reduction, this importance sampling problem shares many similarities to problems found in active learning.
Though confidence-based measures work well in practice, less attention has been focused on gradient-based methods like Expected Gradient Length (EGL) [4], where the informativeness is measured by the norm of the gradient incurred by the instance.
Answer: The informativeness is measured by the norm of the gradient incurred by the instance.
Question: To give a considerable improvement in cross-entropy on held-out sentences, is a big set of sentences needed?
Evidence: If we have a sample of an unknown language or language variant, it is possible to estimate its language vector by backpropagating through the language model with all parameters except the language vector fixed. We found that a very small set of sentences is enough to give a considerable improvement in cross-entropy on held-out sentences. In this experiment, we used 32 sentences from the King James Version of the Bible. Using the resulting language vector, test set cross-entropy improved from 1.39 (using the Modern English language vector as initial value) to 1.35. This is comparable to the result obtained in sec:interpolation, except that here we do not restrict the search space to points on a straight line between two language vectors.
We found that a very small set of sentences is enough to give a considerable improvement in cross-entropy on held-out sentences.
Answer: No, a mall one is enough.
Question: What is planned to do after this paper？
Evidence: In this paper, we propose a neural model for collective entity linking that is end-to-end trainable. It applies GCN on subgraphs instead of the entire entity graph to efficiently learn features from both local and global information. We design an attention mechanism that endows NCEL robust to noisy data. Trained on collected Wikipedia hyperlinks, NCEL outperforms the state-of-the-art collective methods across five different datasets. Besides, further analysis of the impacts of main modules as well as qualitative results demonstrates its effectiveness.
In the future, we will extend our method into cross-lingual settings to help link entities in low-resourced languages by exploiting rich knowledge from high-resourced languages, and deal with NIL entities to facilitate specific applications.
In the future, we will extend our method into cross-lingual settings to help link entities in low- resourced languages by exploiting rich knowledge from high-resourced languages, and deal with NIL entities to facilitate specific applications.
Answer: In the future, they will extend their method into cross-lingual settings to help link entities in low- resourced languages by exploiting rich knowledge from high-resourced languages, and deal with NIL entities to facilitate specific applications.