DataHammer/scimrc huggingface dataset:
Question: Given this reference text about Jimmy John's, where was the original Jimmy John's located?
Evidence: After Jimmy John Liautaud graduated second to last in his class at Elgin Academy in 1982, his father gave him a choice to either join the Army or start a business. Although his father wanted him to enlist, the younger Liautaud chose the latter, and his father agreed to loan him $25,000 in exchange for a 48% stake in the business. Initially Jimmy John wanted to open a hot dog stand, but after visiting numerous such stands throughout the summer of 1982, he realized the $25,000 would not be enough for such a venture. After a chance encounter at a sandwich shop, Jimmy John realized that he could open a sandwich shop within his available budget by purchasing premium meats at a neighborhood market and baking his own bread. With the help of his family as tasters, he decided to put four sandwiches on his original menu. Paying $200 a month in rent, Liautaud could only afford used equipment consisting of a refrigerator, a chest freezer, an oven, and a meat slicer.

On January 13, 1983, Jimmy John's Gourmet Sandwiches opened in Charleston, Illinois. Due to the poor location of his first store, Liautaud decided to include delivery of his sandwiches to boost sales. He began by bringing samples door-to-door to the dorms of nearby Eastern Illinois University, which he had attended for one semester.
Answer: The original Jimmy John's was located in Charleston, Illinois.
Question: Who was Alexander Greek Thomson
Evidence: Alexander "Greek" Thomson (9 April 1817 – 22 March 1875) was an eminent Scottish architect and architectural theorist who was a pioneer in sustainable building. Although his work was published in the architectural press of his day, it was little appreciated outside Glasgow during his lifetime. It has only been since the 1950s and 1960s that his critical reputation has revived—not least of all in connection with his probable influence on Frank Lloyd Wright.

Henry-Russell Hitchcock wrote of Thomson in 1966: "Glasgow in the last 150 years has had two of the greatest architects of the Western world. C. R. Mackintosh was not highly productive but his influence in central Europe was comparable to such American architects as Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright. An even greater and happily more productive architect, though one whose influence can only occasionally be traced in America in Milwaukee and in New York City and not at all as far as I know in Europe, was Alexander Thomson".
Answer: Alexander Greek Thomson (9 April 1817 – 22 March 1875) was an eminent Scottish architect and architectural theorist who was a pioneer in sustainable building. Although his work was published in the architectural press of his day, it was little appreciated outside Glasgow during his lifetime. It has only been since the 1950s and 1960s that his critical reputation has revived—not least of all in connection with his probable influence on Frank Lloyd Wright.

Henry-Russell Hitchcock wrote of Thomson in 1966: "Glasgow in the last 150 years has had two of the greatest architects of the Western world. C. R. Mackintosh was not highly productive but his influence in central Europe was comparable to such American architects as Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright. An even greater and happily more productive architect, though one whose influence can only occasionally be traced in America in Milwaukee and in New York City and not at all as far as I know in Europe, was Alexander Thomson".
Question: Which is a species of fish? Puppy or Pupfish
Answer: Pupfish
Question: Given a reference text about the Spellenspektakel, tell me where it takes place and what games are played.
Evidence: The Spellenspektakel is the largest board game convention in the Netherlands, featuring game demonstrations, tournaments and other game related activities. It focusses on traditional strategy boardgames, collectible card games, pen-and-paper role-playing games and miniatures wargames. Game publishers participate by showing and demonstrating their new releases to the public. Additionally, the Spellenspektakel hosts numerous game stores and player communities. Visitors can try any game on display and buy the ones they prefer. During the 2019 edition at the Jaarbeurs venue in Utrecht, the Spellenspektakel welcomed over 14,000 people
Answer: The Spellenspektakel takes place in the Netherlands where board games are played.
Question: Name five NHL teams in the Eastern Conference
Answer: Five NHL teams in the Eastern Conference are the Tampa Bay Lightning, Boston Bruins, Toronto Maple Leafs, New York Rangers, and Carolina Hurricanes
Question: Does the paper report macro F1?
Evidence: FLOAT SELECTED: Table 7: Recall and precision scores of the best model (dbmdz) for each emotion on the test set. ‘Support’ signifies the number of labels.
FLOAT SELECTED: Table 7: Recall and precision scores of the best model (dbmdz) for each emotion on the test set. ‘Support’ signifies the number of labels.
Answer: Yes.
Question: Categorize the below in terms of avocado or apple types.
Hass, Fuerte, Zutano, Fuji, Gala
Answer: Apple- Fuji, Gala
Avocado- Hass, Fuerte, Zutano
Question: What is the Pacific Ring of Fire?
Answer: The ring of fire is the area around the pacific with high amounts of tectonic activity such as earthquakes and volcanos. Countries that have coastlines in the ring of fire include the United States and Japan
Question: Given this article on Donkey Kong Country 2, who is the villain of the plot and where does the story take place?
Evidence: Some time after Donkey Kong Country, Donkey Kong is relaxing on the beach, until he is ambushed by the Kremlings. He gets kidnapped and brought to Kaptain K. Rool, King K. Rool's moniker in this game, who then demands the Banana Hoard he unsuccessfully tried to steal in the previous game for a ransom from the Kongs. Instead of complying, Diddy Kong and his friend Dixie resolve to go to the Kremling's home island, Crocodile Isle, to rescue Donkey Kong. Together, they travel through Crocodile Isle and are helped on their way by an assortment of animals to defeat Kaptain K. Rool. Diddy and Dixie eventually battle and defeat K. Rool, releasing Donkey Kong in the process. K. Rool manages to escape though, and shortly after, Diddy and Dixie confront him in the Lost World, a secret area powered by a geyser at the heart of Crocodile Isle. They once again defeat K. Rool, who is hurled into the geyser, causing it to clog up and explode. The explosion causes all of Crocodile Isle to sink, as the Kongs watch K. Rool escape on a small sailboat.
Answer: Kaptain K. Rool is the villain and kidnaps Donkey Kong. The story takes places on the Kremling's home island, Crocodile Isle.
Question: Why is the sky blue?
Answer: When the sunlight reaches Earth's atmosphere, the gases and particules in the air will scattered it in all directions. Because of its shorter wave length, blue light is scattered more than the other colors, which make it more visible in the sky, most of the time.
Question: What is the best system performance?
Evidence: Paragraphs and other longer texts typically make multiple references to the same entities. Tracking these references and resolving coreference is essential for full machine comprehension of these texts. Significant progress has recently been made in reading comprehension research, due to large crowdsourced datasets BIBREF0, BIBREF1, BIBREF2, BIBREF3. However, these datasets focus largely on understanding local predicate-argument structure, with very few questions requiring long-distance entity tracking. Obtaining such questions is hard for two reasons: (1) teaching crowdworkers about coreference is challenging, with even experts disagreeing on its nuances BIBREF4, BIBREF5, BIBREF6, BIBREF7, and (2) even if we can get crowdworkers to target coreference phenomena in their questions, these questions may contain giveaways that let models arrive at the correct answer without performing the desired reasoning (see §SECREF3 for examples).
We introduce a new dataset, Quoref , that contains questions requiring coreferential reasoning (see examples in Figure FIGREF1). The questions are derived from paragraphs taken from a diverse set of English Wikipedia articles and are collected using an annotation process (§SECREF2) that deals with the aforementioned issues in the following ways: First, we devise a set of instructions that gets workers to find anaphoric expressions and their referents, asking questions that connect two mentions in a paragraph. These questions mostly revolve around traditional notions of coreference (Figure FIGREF1 Q1), but they can also involve referential phenomena that are more nebulous (Figure FIGREF1 Q3). Second, inspired by BIBREF8, we disallow questions that can be answered by an adversary model (uncased base BERT, BIBREF9, trained on SQuAD 1.1, BIBREF0) running in the background as the workers write questions. This adversary is not particularly skilled at answering questions requiring coreference, but can follow obvious lexical cues—it thus helps workers avoid writing questions that shortcut coreferential reasoning.
Quoref contains more than 15K questions whose answers are spans or sets of spans in 3.5K paragraphs from English Wikipedia that can be arrived at by resolving coreference in those paragraphs. We manually analyze a sample of the dataset (§SECREF3) and find that 78% of the questions cannot be answered without resolving coreference. We also show (§SECREF4) that the best system performance is 49.1% $F_1$, while the estimated human performance is 87.2%. These findings indicate that this dataset is an appropriate benchmark for coreference-aware reading comprehension.
We also show (§SECREF4) that the best system performance is 49.1% $F_1$, while the estimated human performance is 87.2%.
Answer: 49.1%.
Question: What's changed and unchanged for IKEA pencils through the years?
Evidence: IKEA pencils are small pencils provided for free in IKEA stores worldwide. They are found in small boxes attached to poles, together with maps, measuring tapes and shopping forms. The IKEA pencil has been known for the wide variety of designs. Through the years the color changed from blue, to yellow to the natural color of wood. Despite the different colors, its dimensions have always been 7×87mm. Their common in-store application is for notetaking, with customers making note of selected items from product tags onto their notepads and visiting the self-service furniture warehouse to collect their showroom products in flat pack form, using their notes to locate their products.
Answer: The color changed from blue, to yellow to the natural color of wood. The dimensions of the pencil has never changed which is always 7 x 87mm.
Question: Is pivot language used in experiments English or some other language?
Evidence: Nonetheless, the main caveat of this basic pre-training is that the source encoder is trained to be used by an English decoder, while the target decoder is trained to use the outputs of an English encoder — not of a source encoder. In the following, we propose three techniques to mitigate the inconsistency of source$\rightarrow $pivot and pivot$\rightarrow $target pre-training stages. Note that these techniques are not exclusive and some of them can complement others for a better performance of the final model.
Nonetheless, the main caveat of this basic pre-training is that the source encoder is trained to be used by an English decoder, while the target decoder is trained to use the outputs of an English encoder — not of a source encoder.
Answer: Yes.
Question: What makes plants grow faster?
Answer: According to a study by scientists from South Korea, plants grow at a faster pace when they are played classical music. Using 14 different pieces of music, the scientists played music to a rice field and studied the results.  Findings were that the music helped the crops grow and even suggested evidence that plants could “hear”.  We suggest practicing your instrument in your veggie garden!
Question: What is the fastest air-breathing manned aircraft?
Evidence: As of 2023 the SR-71 holds the world record it set in 1976 as the fastest air-breathing manned aircraft.
Answer: As of 2023 the SR-71 is the fastest air-breathing manned aircraft. It can reach a maximum speed of Mach 3.3
Question: The former Chairman of Tata Sons died in road accident  en route  from where?
Answer: Ahmedabad to Mumbai
Question: What causes that feeling of weightlessness when you're on a rollercoaster?
Answer: The feeling of weightlessness you may get when on a rollercoaster is caused by gravitational force (g-force), and more specifically, negative g-force. Negative g-force occurs when you accelerate downwards faster than freefall, and that downward acceleration produces a force in the upward direction, thus pulling you out of your seat and causing a feeling of weightlessness.
Question: How does the new model introduced by the author work?
Evidence: In this section, we introduce a novel RvNN architecture, called SATA Tree-LSTM (Structure-Aware Tag Augmented Tree-LSTM). This model is similar to typical Tree-LSTMs, but provides dynamic compositionality by augmenting a separate tag-level tree-LSTM which produces structure-aware tag representations for each node in a tree. In other words, our model has two independent tree-structured modules based on the same constituency tree, one of which (word-level tree-LSTM) is responsible for constructing sentence representations given a sequence of words as usual, while the other (tag-level tree-LSTM) provides supplementary syntactic information to the former.
In section 3.1, we first review tree-LSTM architectures. Then in section 3.2, we introduce a tag-level tree-LSTM and structure-aware tag representations. In section 3.3, we discuss an additional technique to boost the performance of tree-structured models, and in section 3.4, we describe the entire architecture of our model in detail.
In other words, our model has two independent tree-structured modules based on the same constituency tree, one of which (word-level tree-LSTM) is responsible for constructing sentence representations given a sequence of words as usual, while the other (tag-level tree-LSTM) provides supplementary syntactic information to the former.
Answer: Their model has two independent tree-structured modules based on the same constituency tree, one of which (word-level tree-LSTM) is responsible for constructing sentence representations given a sequence of words as usual, while the other (tag-level tree-LSTM) provides supplementary syntactic information to the former.
Question: Classify the musical genres of the following bands: Metallica, AC/DC, Aerosmith, Madonna
Answer: These artists are one of the most well-known musicians worldwide. As of their genres, Metallica can be categorised as a Heavy Metal band, AC/DC and Aerosmith as Hard Rock and Madonna as a Pop artist
Question: Why are most punctuation marks removed in preprocessing?
Evidence: In Turkish, people sometimes prefer to spell English characters for the corresponding Turkish characters (e.g. i for ı, c for ç) when writing in electronic format. To normalise such words, we used the Zemberek tool BIBREF15. All punctuation marks except “!" and “?" are removed, since they do not contribute much to the polarity of a document. We took into account emoticons, such as “:))", and idioms, such as “kafayı yemek” (lose one's mind), since two or more words can express a sentiment together, irrespective of the individual words thereof. Since Turkish is an agglutinative language, we used the morphological parser and disambiguator tools BIBREF16, BIBREF17. We also performed negation handling and stop-word elimination. In negation handling, we append an underscore to the end of a word if it is negated. For example, “güzel değil" (not beautiful) is redefined as “güzel_" (beautiful_) in the feature selection stage when supervised scores are being computed.
All punctuation marks except “!" and “?" are removed, since they do not contribute much to the polarity of a document.
Answer: They do not contribute much to the polarity of a document except “!" and “?".
Question: Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Wasp, Bumblebee
Answer: Wasp is Marvel, Bumblebee is DC
Question: What is the most popular sport in the UK?
Answer: Football is the most popular game played in the U.K. and follows a traditional league system which consists of more than one hundred teams. The most popular league is known as the Premier League and consists of the 20 best teams from all over the U.K. The most popular of these teams are Manchester City, Manchester United, Liverpool, Arsenal and Chelsea. Football in the U.K. is governed by the Football Association which is one of the oldest governing bodies in the entire world. The two most famous Football Championships in the U.K. are the FA Cup and the Football League Cup. There are 92 professional football clubs that participate in each of these tournaments each year.
Question: Who is the only US president elected from Pennsylvania?
Answer: James Buchanan, the 15th President of the United States.
Question: What can a person do in Virtual Reality?
Evidence: "Virtual reality (VR) is a simulated experience that employs pose tracking and 3D near-eye displays to give the user an immersive feel of a virtual world. Applications of virtual reality include entertainment (particularly video games), education (such as medical or military training) and business (such as virtual meetings). Other distinct types of VR-style technology include augmented reality and mixed reality, sometimes referred to as extended reality or XR, although definitions are currently changing due to the nascence of the industry.

Currently, standard virtual reality systems use either virtual reality headsets or multi-projected environments to generate some realistic images, sounds and other sensations that simulate a user's physical presence in a virtual environment. A person using virtual reality equipment is able to look around the artificial world, move around in it, and interact with virtual features or items. The effect is commonly created by VR headsets consisting of a head-mounted display with a small screen in front of the eyes, but can also be created through specially designed rooms with multiple large screens. Virtual reality typically incorporates auditory a"
Answer: A person using virtual reality equipment is able to look around the artificial world, move around in it, and interact with virtual features or items.
Question: Which one of two proposed approaches performed better in experiments?
Evidence: Among the baselines, HRL achieves significantly higher F1 scores on the two datasets. We run their model and our models five times and report the median results in Table TABREF15. Scores of other baselines in Table TABREF15 are taken from previous published papers BIBREF6, BIBREF11, BIBREF14. Our WordDecoding (WDec) model achieves F1 scores that are $3.9\%$ and $4.1\%$ higher than HRL on the NYT29 and NYT24 datasets respectively. Similarly, our PtrNetDecoding (PNDec) model achieves F1 scores that are $3.0\%$ and $1.3\%$ higher than HRL on the NYT29 and NYT24 datasets respectively. We perform a statistical significance test (t-test) under a bootstrap pairing between HRL and our models and see that the higher F1 scores achieved by our models are statistically significant ($p < 0.001$). Next, we combine the outputs of five runs of our models and five runs of HRL to build ensemble models. For a test instance, we include those tuples which are extracted in the majority ($\ge 3$) of the five runs. This ensemble mechanism increases the precision significantly on both datasets with a small improvement in recall as well. In the ensemble scenario, compared to HRL, WDec achieves $4.2\%$ and $3.5\%$ higher F1 scores and PNDec achieves $4.2\%$ and $2.9\%$ higher F1 scores on the NYT29 and NYT24 datasets respectively.
Our WordDecoding (WDec) model achieves F1 scores that are $3.9\%$ and $4.1\%$ higher than HRL on the NYT29 and NYT24 datasets respectively. Similarly, our PtrNetDecoding (PNDec) model achieves F1 scores that are $3.0\%$ and $1.3\%$ higher than HRL on the NYT29 and NYT24 datasets respectively.
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* WordDecoding (WDec) model
Question: Is there any concrete example in the paper that shows that this approach had huge impact on drug discovery?
Evidence: The Word2Vec architecture has inspired a great deal of research in the bio/cheminformatics domains. The Word2Vec algorithm has been successfully applied for determining protein classes BIBREF44 and protein-protein interactions (PPI) BIBREF56. BIBREF44 treated 3-mers as the words of the protein sequence and observed that 3-mers with similar biophysical and biochemical properties clustered together when their embeddings were mapped onto the 2D space. BIBREF56, on the other hand, utilized BPE-based word segmentation (i.e. bio-words) to determine the words. The authors argued that the improved performance for bio-words in the PPI prediction task might be due to the segmentation-based model providing more distinct words than $k$-mers, which include repetitive segments. Another recent study treated multi-domain proteins as sentences in which each domain was recognized as a word BIBREF60. The Word2Vec algorithm was trained on the domains (i.e. PFAM domain identifiers) of eukaryotic protein sequences to learn semantically interpretable representations of them. The domain representations were then investigated in terms of the Gene Ontology (GO) annotations that they inherit. The results indicated that semantically similar domains share similar GO terms.
The Word2Vec architecture has inspired a great deal of research in the bio/cheminformatics domains. The Word2Vec algorithm has been successfully applied for determining protein classes BIBREF44 and protein-protein interactions (PPI) BIBREF56.
Answer: Yes.
Question: Why do people have children?
Answer: There are many reasons people have children.  A common reason is simply tradition and expectations.  Some people have grown up expecting to have children, their parents expect them to have children, and all of their friends have children, so they have children.  Another reason is economic.  In agricultural societies children can be an economic benefit, providing labor to help the family manage the farm.  Another common reason is that children can provide support when the parents become elderly.  Finally, the parents may simply be looking for the meaning, affection, and love that children bring to their lives.