DataHammer/scimrc huggingface dataset:
Question: What is the source of the CAIS dataset?
Evidence: We collect utterances from the $\mathbf {C}$hinese $\mathbf {A}$rtificial $\mathbf {I}$ntelligence $\mathbf {S}$peakers (CAIS), and annotate them with slot tags and intent labels. The training, validation and test sets are split by the distribution of intents, where detailed statistics are provided in the supplementary material. Since the utterances are collected from speaker systems in the real world, intent labels are partial to the PlayMusic option. We adopt the BIOES tagging scheme for slots instead of the BIO2 used in the ATIS, since previous studies have highlighted meaningful improvements with this scheme BIBREF30 in the sequence labeling field.
We collect utterances from the $\mathbf {C}$hinese $\mathbf {A}$rtificial $\mathbf {I}$ntelligence $\mathbf {S}$peakers (CAIS), and annotate them with slot tags and intent labels. The training, validation and test sets are split by the distribution of intents, where detailed statistics are provided in the supplementary material. Since the utterances are collected from speaker systems in the real world, intent labels are partial to the PlayMusic option. We adopt the BIOES tagging scheme for slots instead of the BIO2 used in the ATIS, since previous studies have highlighted meaningful improvements with this scheme BIBREF30 in the sequence labeling field.
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* the $\mathbf {C}$hinese $\mathbf {A}$rtificial $\mathbf {I}$ntelligence $\mathbf {S}$peakers (CAIS)
Question: Name some famous paintings by Van Gogh.
Evidence: The time in Arles became one of Van Gogh's more prolific periods: he completed 200 paintings and more than 100 drawings and watercolours. He was enchanted by the local countryside and light; his works from this period are rich in yellow, ultramarine and mauve. They include harvests, wheat fields and general rural landmarks from the area, including The Old Mill (1888), one of seven canvases sent to Pont-Aven on 4 October 1888 in an exchange of works with Paul Gauguin, Émile Bernard, Charles Laval and others. The portrayals of Arles are informed by his Dutch upbringing; the patchworks of fields and avenues are flat and lacking perspective, but excel in their use of colour.
In March 1888 he painted landscapes using a gridded "perspective frame"; three of the works were shown at the annual exhibition of the Société des Artistes Indépendants. In April, he was visited by the American artist Dodge MacKnight, who was living nearby at Fontvieille. On 1 May 1888, for 15 francs per month, he signed a lease for the eastern wing of the Yellow House at 2 place Lamartine. The rooms were unfurnished and had been uninhabited for months.
On 7 May, Van Gogh moved from the Hôtel Carrel to the Café de la Gare, having befriended the proprietors, Joseph and Marie Ginoux. The Yellow House had to be furnished before he could fully move in, but he was able to use it as a studio. He wanted a gallery to display his work and started a series of paintings that eventually included Van Gogh's Chair (1888), Bedroom in Arles (1888), The Night Café (1888), Café Terrace at Night (September 1888), Starry Night Over the Rhone (1888), and Still Life: Vase with Twelve Sunflowers (1888), all intended for the decoration for the Yellow House.
Van Gogh wrote that with The Night Café he tried "to express the idea that the café is a place where one can ruin oneself, go mad, or commit a crime". When he visited Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer in June, he gave lessons to a Zouave second lieutenant – Paul-Eugène Milliet – and painted boats on the sea and the village. MacKnight introduced Van Gogh to Eugène Boch, a Belgian painter who sometimes stayed in Fontvieille, and the two exchanged visits in July.
Answer: Some famous paintings of Vincent van Gogh include Van Gogh's Chair (1888), Bedroom in Arles (1888), The Night Café (1888), Café Terrace at Night (September 1888), Starry Night Over the Rhone (1888), and Still Life: Vase with Twelve Sunflowers (1888).
Question: What are some novice running tips?
Answer: Running is an excellent way to improve cardiovascular health. Building a running practice takes time and should be approached incrementally. If you are new to running, you should start with shorter runs or walks to ensure you don't put too much strain on your body. Once you have a sense of how far you can run, increase the distance you run or run the same distance but at a faster pace. Over time your body will increase it's capacity to withstand more strenuous running sessions. Eating well, stretching before and after running as well as getting quality sleep will help you improve as a runner.
Question: Can you suggest other house hold items that can be used instead of a hammer ?
Answer: - Cast iron pan
- Steel toed boots
- metal rods
- Tire iron
Question: What is contemporary style of dance?
Answer: Contemporary style lets the dancer move in a way that expresses their full emotions. Through elements of jazz, lyrical, ballet and modern dance styles creates the new generation of movement.
Question: What is the scientific formula for table salt?
Answer: Table salt is expressed using the formula NaCl
Question: What is the generic system mentioned in this paper?
Evidence: Rhetorical Structure Theory (RST) BIBREF0 is a technique of Natural Language Processing (NLP), in which a document can be structured hierarchically according to its discourse. The generated hierarchy, a tree, provides information associated with the boundaries of the discourse segments and related to their importance and dependencies. The figure FIGREF1 shows an example of such a rethorical tree. In the rethorical parsing process, the text has been divided into five units. In the figure FIGREF1, the arrow that leaves the unit (2) towards the unit (1) symbolizes that the unit (2) is the satellite of the unit (1), which is the core in a “Concession” relationship. In turn, the units (1) and (2) comprise the nucleus of three “Demonstration” relationships.
The discursive analysis of a document normally includes three consecutive steps: 1) discursive segmentation; 2) detection of the discursive relations; 3) construction of the hierarchical rhetorical tree. Regarding the discursive segmentation, there are segmenters in several languages. However, each piece depends on sofisticated linguistic resources, which complicates the reproduction of the experiments in other languages. Consequently, the development of multilingual systems using discursive analysis are yet to be developed. Diverse applications based on the latest technologies require at least one of the three steps mentioned above BIBREF1, BIBREF2, BIBREF3. In this context, the idea of exploring the architecture of a generic system that is able not only of segmenting a text correctly but also of adapting it to any language, was a great motivation of this research work.
In this article we show the preliminary results of a generic segmenter composed of several systems (different segmentation strategies). In addition, we describe an automatic evaluation protocol of discursive segmentation. The article is composed by the following sections: state of the art (SECREF2), which presents a brief bibliographic review; Description of the Annodis (SECREF3) corpus used in our tests and of the general architecture of the proposed systems (SECREF4); Segmentation strategies (SECREF5), which characterizes the different methods implemented to segment the text; results of our numerical experiments (sec:experiments); and we conclude with our conclusions and perspectives (SECREF7).
In this context, the idea of exploring the architecture of a generic system that is able not only of segmenting a text correctly but also of adapting it to any language, was a great motivation of this research work.
Answer: The system is able not only of segmenting a text correctly but also of adapting it to any language.
Question: Why do people like the Grateful Dead?
Answer: For many music aficionados, listening to the Grateful Dead is enjoyable, based on their improvisational style, and the long jams.  Prior to the Dead, most singers and bands had short three to four minute songs, that were crisp but didn't allow for the musicians in the band to take risks.  They were just playing from the songbook and the notes written down.  The Dead allowed for a more fluid approach, and provided the musicians with opportunities to go off script, and just play for the love of creating music.    The Jam genre they created led to many other bands performing in a similar style and openness, including Phish, Dave Matthews band, Widespread Panic, Blues Travelers and many more.  The Dead(as they are often called) started the trend though, and will be forever memorialized because of that.
Question: What are the conclusions of this study?
Evidence: In this paper, we showed how we can effectively leverage a prodigious blog dataset. Not only does the dataset bring out the extensive linguistic content reflected in the blog posts, but also includes location information and rich metadata. These data allow for the generation of maps that reflect the demographics of the population, variations in language use, and differences in psycholinguistic and semantic categories. These mappings can be valuable to both psychologists and linguists, as well as lexicographers. A prototype demo has been made available together with the code used to collect our dataset.
These data allow for the generation of maps that reflect the demographics of the population, variations in language use, and differences in psycholinguistic and semantic categories. These mappings can be valuable to both psychologists and linguists, as well as lexicographers.
Answer: These data allow for the generation of maps that reflect the demographics of the population, variations in language use, and differences in psycholinguistic and semantic categories. These mappings can be valuable to both psychologists and linguists, as well as lexicographers.
Question: What is Kalis Illustrisimo?
Evidence: Kalis Ilustrisimo is a style of Eskrima founded by Antonio "Tatang" Ilustrisimo.

Kalis Ilustrisimo means "The Bladed Art of Ilustrisimo": calis (or caris) being another term for sword, blade and knife in Luzon and the Visayas and its usage as esgrimir and esgrima (Spanish for fencing/sword fighting) as defined in Spanish-era Ilocano, Pampango, Tagalog, Bicolano, Ilonggo, Waray & Cebuano dictionary/vocabulary recordings dating back to 1512, as the art of Tatang is more blade-oriented than stick-oriented.
Answer: Kalis Ilustrisimo is a style of Filipino martial arts founded by Antonio Tatang Ilustrisimo that focuses more on the use of blades than sticks.
Question: Why is the rover called Perseverance?
Answer: A seventh-grade student, Alexander Mather, won a nationwide essay contest to name the rover. Perseverance is the latest in a long line of Red Planet rovers to be named by school-age children, from Sojourner in 1997 to the Spirit and Opportunity rovers, which landed on Mars in 2004, to Curiosity, which has been exploring Mars since 2012.
Question: Did the authors use crowdsourcing platforms?
Evidence: We introduce the Talk the Walk dataset, where the aim is for two agents, a “guide” and a “tourist”, to interact with each other via natural language in order to achieve a common goal: having the tourist navigate towards the correct location. The guide has access to a map and knows the target location, but does not know where the tourist is; the tourist has a 360-degree view of the world, but knows neither the target location on the map nor the way to it. The agents need to work together through communication in order to successfully solve the task. An example of the task is given in Figure FIGREF3 .
We crowd-sourced the collection of the dataset on Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk). We use the MTurk interface of ParlAI BIBREF6 to render 360 images via WebGL and dynamically display neighborhood maps with an HTML5 canvas. Detailed task instructions, which were also given to our workers before they started their task, are shown in Appendix SECREF15 . We paired Turkers at random and let them alternate between the tourist and guide role across different HITs.
We introduce the Talk the Walk dataset, where the aim is for two agents, a “guide” and a “tourist”, to interact with each other via natural language in order to achieve a common goal: having the tourist navigate towards the correct location.
We crowd-sourced the collection of the dataset on Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk). We use the MTurk interface of ParlAI BIBREF6 to render 360 images via WebGL and dynamically display neighborhood maps with an HTML5 canvas. Detailed task instructions, which were also given to our workers before they started their task, are shown in Appendix SECREF15 . We paired Turkers at random and let them alternate between the tourist and guide role across different HITs.
Answer: Yes.
Question: Name three national parks in California.
Answer: Three national parks in California are Yosemite, Sequoia, and Joshua Tree.
Question: When did the gallipoli campaign take place?
Evidence: The Gallipoli campaign was a military campaign in the First World War that took place on the Gallipoli peninsula (Gelibolu in modern Turkey), from 19 February 1915 to 9 January 1916. The Entente powers, Britain, France and the Russian Empire, sought to weaken the Ottoman Empire, one of the Central Powers, by taking control of the Ottoman straits. This would expose the Ottoman capital at Constantinople to bombardment by Allied battleships and cut it off from the Asian part of the empire. With Turkey defeated, the Suez Canal would be safe and a year-round Allied supply route could be opened through the Black Sea to warm-water ports in Russia.
Answer: The gallipoli campaign took place from the 19th of February 1915 to the 9th of January 1916.
Question: What automatic text processing tasks can be improved by probabilistic topic models?
Evidence: Currently, probabilistic topic models are important tools for improving automatic text processing including information retrieval, text categorization, summarization, etc. Besides, they can be useful in supporting expert analysis of document collections, news flows, or large volumes of messages in social networks BIBREF0 , BIBREF1 , BIBREF2 . To facilitate this analysis, such approaches as automatic topic labeling and various visualization techniques have been proposed BIBREF1 , BIBREF3 .
Boyd-Graber et al. BIBREF4 indicate that to be understandable by humans, topics should be specific, coherent, and informative. Relationships between the topic components can be inferred. In BIBREF1 four topic visualization approaches are compared. The authors of the experiment concluded that manual topic labels include a considerable number of phrases; users prefer shorter labels with more general words and tend to incorporate phrases and more generic terminology when using more complex network graph. Blei and Lafferty BIBREF3 visualize topics with ngrams consisting of words mentioned in these topics. These works show that phrases and knowledge about hyponyms/hypernyms are important for topic representation.
In this paper we describe an approach to integrate large manual lexical resources such as WordNet or EuroVoc into probabilistic topic models, as well as automatically extracted n-grams to improve coherence and informativeness of generated topics. The structure of the paper is as follows. In Section 2 we consider related works. Section 3 describes the proposed approach. Section 4 enumerates automatic quality measures used in experiments. Section 5 presents the results obtained on several text collections according to automatic measures. Section 6 describes the results of manual evaluation of combined topic models for Islam Internet-site thematic analysis.
Currently, probabilistic topic models are important tools for improving automatic text processing including information retrieval, text categorization, summarization, etc.
Answer: Including information retrieval, text categorization, summarization, etc.
Question: Classify the following as either memoir, autobiography or biography: Einstein: The Life and Times by Ronald William Clark, The Diary of a Young Girl by Anne Frank, Personal Memoirs of Ulysses S. Grant by Ulysses S. Grant, Confessions of a Bookseller by Shaun Bythell, Benjamin Franklin: An American Life by Walter Isaacson, H is for Hawk by Helen Macdonald, The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin by Benjamin Franklin, Long Walk to Freedom by Nelson Mandela.
Answer: The following are memoirs: Personal Memoirs of Ulysses S. Grant by Ulysses S. Grant, Confessions of a Bookseller by Shaun Bythell, H is for Hawk by Helen Macdonald.

The following are autobiographies: The Diary of a Young Girl by Anne Frank, The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin by Benjamin Franklin, Long Walk to Freedom by Nelson Mandela.

The following are biographies: Einstein: The Life and Times by Ronald William Clark, Benjamin Franklin: An American Life by Walter Isaacson.
Question: What is a Swedish Hare and why was it developed?
Evidence: The Swedish Hare is a breed of domestic rabbit that resembles a hare and was developed, starting in 2008 in Sweden, for its competitive jumping ability. At the same time but separately, the Elfin breed was being developed in the United States—also in response to the popularity of rabbit show jumping. The Elfin officially became the Swedish Hare in October 2011.[citation needed]
Answer: A Swedish Hare is a domestic rabbit developed for competitive jumping.
Question: How will cyberbullying detection models work in the future?
Evidence: We have shown that DNN models can be used for cyberbullying detection on various topics across multiple SMPs using three datasets and four DNN models. These models coupled with transfer learning beat state of the art results for all three datasets. These models can be further improved with extra data such as information about the profile and social graph of users. Most of the current datasets do not provide any information about the severity of bullying. If such fine-grained information is made available, then cyberbullying detection models can be further improved to take a variety of actions depending on the perceived seriousness of the posts.
Most of the current datasets do not provide any information about the severity of bullying. If such fine-grained information is made available, then cyberbullying detection models can be further improved to take a variety of actions depending on the perceived seriousness of the posts.
Answer: If such fine-grained information is made available, then cyberbullying detection models can be further improved to take a variety of actions depending on the perceived seriousness of the posts.
Question: What is the extended middle context?
Evidence: Relation classification is the task of assigning sentences with two marked entities to a predefined set of relations. The sentence “We poured the <e1>milk</e1> into the <e2>pumpkin mixture</e2>.”, for example, expresses the relation Entity-Destination(e1,e2). While early research mostly focused on support vector machines or maximum entropy classifiers BIBREF0 , BIBREF1 , recent research showed performance improvements by applying neural networks (NNs) BIBREF2 , BIBREF3 , BIBREF4 , BIBREF5 , BIBREF6 , BIBREF7 on the benchmark data from SemEval 2010 shared task 8 BIBREF8 .
This study investigates two different types of NNs: recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) as well as their combination. We make the following contributions:
(1) We propose extended middle context, a new context representation for CNNs for relation classification. The extended middle context uses all parts of the sentence (the relation arguments, left of the relation arguments, between the arguments, right of the arguments) and pays special attention to the middle part.
(2) We present connectionist bi-directional RNN models which are especially suited for sentence classification tasks since they combine all intermediate hidden layers for their final decision. Furthermore, the ranking loss function is introduced for the RNN model optimization which has not been investigated in the literature for relation classification before.
(3) Finally, we combine CNNs and RNNs using a simple voting scheme and achieve new state-of-the-art results on the SemEval 2010 benchmark dataset.
We propose extended middle context, a new context representation for CNNs for relation classification.
Answer: A new context representation for CNNs for relation classification.
Question: What method does the paper propose?
Evidence: We show that an efficient and popular method for calculating bigram frequencies is unsuitable for bodies of short texts and offer a simple alternative. Our method has the same computational complexity as the old method and offers an exact count instead of an approximation.
We propose an alternative. As before, store the frequencies of words and the frequencies of bigrams, but this time store two additional maps called too_far_left and too_far_right, of the form {word : list of offending indices of word}. The offending indices are those that are either too far to the left or too far to the right for approximation ( 1 ) to hold. All four of these structures are built during the construction of a bigram finder, and do not cripple performance when computing statistical measures since maps are queried in $O(1)$ time.
As an example of the contents of the new maps, in “Dogs are better than cats", too_far_left[`dog'] = [0] for all windows. In “eight mice eat eight cheese sticks” with window 5, too_far_left[`eight'] = [0,3]. For ease of computation the indices stored in too_far_right are transformed before storage using: 
$$\widehat{idx} = length - idx - 1 = g(idx)$$   (Eq. 6) 
where $length$ is the length of the small piece of text being analyzed. Then, too_far_right[`cats'] = [ $g(4)= idx$ ] = [ $0 = \widehat{idx}$ ].
Now, to compute the exact number of occurrences of a bigram we do the computation: 
$$freq(*, word) = (w-1)*wordfd[word] - \sum \limits _{i=1}^{N}(w-tfl[word][i] - 1)$$   (Eq. 7) 
where $w$ is the window size being searched for bigrams, $wfd$ is a frequency distribution of all words in the corpus, $tfl$ is the map too_far_left and $N$ is the number of occurrences of the $word$ in a position too far left.The computation of $freq(word, *)$ can now be performed in the same way by simply substituting $tfl$ with $tfr$ thanks to transformation $g$ , which reverses the indexing. 
We show that an efficient and popular method for calculating bigram frequencies is unsuitable for bodies of short texts and offer a simple alternative. Our method has the same computational complexity as the old method and offers an exact count instead of an approximation.****We propose an alternative.
Answer: An alternative method for computing the contingency matrix for a bigram (word, word) in the expectation that these pairs will shed some light on the main ideas of the text, or offer insight into the structure of the language.
Question: What are the symptoms of Monkeypox?
Answer: Headache, fever, backache, muscle aches, chills, swollen lymph and rash on the skin
Question: Given a reference text about Sourcefire, what company acquired it and how much was it acquired for?
Evidence: Sourcefire, Inc was a technology company that developed network security hardware and software. The company's Firepower network security appliances were based on Snort, an open-source intrusion detection system (IDS). Sourcefire was acquired by Cisco for $2.7 billion in July 2013.

Background
Sourcefire was founded in 2001 by Martin Roesch, the creator of Snort. The company created a commercial version of the Snort software, the Sourcefire 3D System, which evolved into the company's Firepower line of network security products. The company's headquarters was in Columbia, Maryland in the United States, with offices abroad.
Answer: Cisco acquired Sourcefire for $2.7B.