DataHammer/scimrc huggingface dataset:
Question: Of the following Quentin Tarantino films, which did he just write and direct, and which did he write, direct, and produce?

Reservoir Dogs
Pulp Fiction
Jackie Brown
Kill Bill: Volume 1
Kill Bill: Volume 2
Grindhouse: Death Proof
Inglourious Basterds
Django Unchained
The Hateful Eight
Once Upon a Time in Hollywood
Answer: Quentin Tarantino directed, wrote, and produced the following films:
Grindhouse: Death Proof
Once Upon a Time in Hollywood

Quentin Tarantino only wrote and directed the following films:
Reservoir Dogs
Pulp Fiction
Jackie Brown
Kill Bill: Volume 1
Kill Bill: Volume 2
Inglourious Basterds
Django Unchained
The Hateful Eight
Question: Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Gastornis, Chimpanzee
Answer: Gastornis is extinct, Chimpanzee is alive.
Question: Classify these foods as proteins or carbohydrates
Answer: bread, grilled chicken, salmon, steak, chips, rice
Question: What are the defining characteristics of a Ramly Burger?
Evidence: Aside from producing burger meat and other frozen foods, the company is also known for its street stalls, which have sold the Ramly Burger in every state in Malaysia since 1979. The defining characteristic of a Ramly Burger is the patty itself wrapped in an omelette and topped with several condiments, which may include ketchup, mayonnaise, chili sauce, Worcestershire sauce, and/or Maggi seasoning, depending on the vendor. The term "Ramly Burger" has been used as a genericized trademark for similarly-prepared burgers which are not necessarily made with the Ramly beef patty as well. They are considered a local favourite, especially by city dwellers. It is estimated that there are over 25,000 Ramly Burger stalls nationwide as of 2015, with the monthly average income of about RM 5,000.

The burger (patties) has been banned in Singapore due to the meat coming from sources which are not on the Agri-Food and Veterinary Authority of Singapore approved list of Commercial Food Imports for Meats which could pose a potential health risk. Singaporean street vendors continue to use the Ramly Burger wrapper.
Answer: The defining characteristic of a Ramly burger is that the burger patty is wrapped inside of an omelette and topped with various condiments like maggi seasoning, ketchu, mayonnaise, chili sauce or Worcestershire sauce. It is a local Malaysian favorite but banned in Singapore
Question: What baselines are used?
Evidence: Language Model (LM): We train a two layer recurrent neural language model with GRU cells of hidden size 512.
Sequence-to-Sequence Attention Model (S2S): We train a two layer neural sequence to sequence model equipped with bi-linear attention function with GRU cells of hidden size 512. Sentiments tags for a narrative (1 for each sentence) are given as input to the model and the corresponding sentences are concatenated together as the output with only one <eos> tag at the end. This model is trained with a 0.1 dropout. This model is comparable to the static model of BIBREF7, and other recent works employing a notion of scaffolding into neural generation (albeit adapted for our setting).
Linear Dynamical System (LDS): We also train a linear dynamical system as discussed in Section SECREF1 as one of our baselines for fair comparisons. Apart from having just a single transition matrix this model has the same architectural details as SLDS.
Semi-Supervised SLDS (SLDS-X%): To gauge the usability of semi-supervision, we also train semi-supervised SLDS models with varying amount of labelled sentiment tags unlike the original model which uses 100% tagged data. We refer to these as SLDS-X%, where X is the % labelled data used for training: 1%, 10%, 25%, and 50%.
Language Model (LM): We train a two layer recurrent neural language model with GRU cells of hidden size 512.


Sequence-to-Sequence Attention Model (S2S): We train a two layer neural sequence to sequence model equipped with bi-linear attention function with GRU cells of hidden size 512. 
Linear Dynamical System (LDS): We also train a linear dynamical system as discussed in Section SECREF1 as one of our baselines for fair comparisons.
Semi-Supervised SLDS (SLDS-X%): To gauge the usability of semi-supervision, we also train semi-supervised SLDS models with varying amount of labelled sentiment tags unlike the original model which uses 100% tagged data. 
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* a two layer recurrent neural language model with GRU cells of hidden size 512
* a two layer neural sequence to sequence model equipped with bi-linear attention function with GRU cells of hidden size 512
* a linear dynamical system
* semi-supervised SLDS models with varying amount of labelled sentiment tags
Question: Give me a proof that the square root of 2 is irrational
Answer: Here is a proof by contradiction that the square root of 2 is irrational. First, recall that irrational numbers are numbers that cannot be written as p / q for integers p and q. Assume for contradiction that the square root of 2 is rational, which would mean that sqrt(2) = p / q for some integers p and q. Further assume without loss of generality that this fraction is in reduced form, meaning that p and q share no common factors. We can assume this because any integer fraction can be written in such a reduced form, so the existence of any rational representation for sqrt(2) would imply the existence of one in reduced form. Now we square both sides of the above equation, yielding

2 = p^2 / q^2

for some integers p and q not sharing any common factors. Now multiply by q^2 to get

2 * q^2 = p^2

Note that the left hand side is even due to the factor of 2, so the right hand side p^2 is even as well. This means that p must be even as well, otherwise p^2 would not be even. So p can be written as 2 * x for some integer x. Substituting this into the above equation, we get

2 * q^2 = (2 * x)^2 = 2^2 * x^2

Note that both sides of the equation have a factor of 2 we can cancel. Doing this, we get

q^2 = 2 * x^2

By an argument analogous to the one above, we can conclude that q is even. However this contradicts our assumption that p and q shared no common factors. Therefore our initial assumption that sqrt(2) is rational was false, which is what we set out to prove.
Question: Who created Tetris?
Answer: Tetris was created by soviet software engineer Alexey Pajitnov in 1984. It was later bought by Nintendo and became one of the most popular games ever, selling over 35 million copies.
Question: Think of 5 shades of blue I could paint my room
Answer: You could paint it baby blue, robin blue, turquoise, navy or sky blue
Question: Can you tell me three apex predators?
Answer: Apex predators are the main predators where they live, basically they are predators that are not hunted by other animals. Here are three cool apex predators:
1. Orca: the killer whale is the apex predator of the oceans. They hunt in packs and are able to even hunt great white sharks!
2. Tiger: the tiger is the apex predators of the habitats where they live. They are the largest feline and are able to hunt very large preys alone
3. Komodo dragon: the Komodo dragon is the largest lizard and is the apex predator in their habitat. They live in some Indonesian Islands where the absence of crocodiles  make them the apex predators.
Question: What is the Coachella festival?
Answer: The Coachella festival is an annual music and arts festival, held at the Empire Polo Field in Indio, California, over 2 consecutive weekends in April. Coachella typically features performances from 100-150 different musical artists, ranging from pop, rock, hip hop, and dance music genres. There are 125,000 people who usually attend each weekend, and the festival spans over Friday, Saturday, and Sunday. Coachella is regarded as one of the most influential and financially lucrative music festivals in the United States.
Question: Why I want to visit Chicago
Answer: Chicago is one of the best cities in the USA, chicago is known for its architecture. There are lot of fun things to do in and around downtown chicago. Chicago downtown is also known for its best food, you will have option of variety of food when you walk around downtown. Would surely recommend doing the architecture boat ride on the chicago river
Question: What languages are spoken in Switzerland
Evidence: The four national languages of Switzerland are German, French, Italian, and Romansh. German, French, and Italian maintain equal status as official languages at the national level within the Federal Administration of the Swiss Confederation, while Romansh is used in dealings with people who speak it. Latin is occasionally used in some formal contexts, particularly to denote the country (Confederatio Helvetica).

In 2020, 62.3% of the population of Switzerland were native speakers of German (either Swiss German or Standard German) at home; 22.8% French (mostly Swiss French, but including some Franco-Provençal dialects); 8% Italian (mostly Swiss Italian, but including Lombard); and 0.5% Romansh. The German region (Deutschschweiz) is roughly in the east, north, and centre; the French part (la Romandie) in the west; and the Italian area (Svizzera italiana) in the south. There remains a small Romansh-speaking native population in Grisons in the east. The cantons of Fribourg, Bern, and Valais are officially bilingual; Grisons is officially trilingual.
Answer: The four national languages of Switzerland are German, French, Italian, and Romansh. German, French, and Italian maintain equal status as official languages at the national level within the Federal Administration of the Swiss Confederation, while Romansh is used in dealings with people who speak it. Latin is occasionally used in some formal contexts, particularly to denote the country (Confederatio Helvetica).

In 2020, 62.3% of the population of Switzerland were native speakers of German (either Swiss German or Standard German) at home; 22.8% French (mostly Swiss French, but including some Franco-Provençal dialects); 8% Italian (mostly Swiss Italian, but including Lombard); and 0.5% Romansh.

The German region (Deutschschweiz) is roughly in the east, north, and centre; the French part (la Romandie) in the west; and the Italian area (Svizzera italiana) in the south. There remains a small Romansh-speaking native population in Grisons in the east. The cantons of Fribourg, Bern, and Valais are officially bilingual; Grisons is officially trilingual.
Question: Classify each of the following animals based on whether they are suitable for being pets: elephant, fish, lion, dog, cat, mosquito, whale.
Answer: Suitable as a pet: fish, dog, cat
Not suitable as a pet: elephant, lion, mosquito, whale
Question: What is the source of the textual data? 
Evidence: The recent advancements in deep neural networks, specifically for image analysis task, can lead to determining demographic features such as age and gender BIBREF13 . We show that by determining and integrating heterogeneous set of features from different modalities – aesthetic features from posted images (colorfulness, hue variance, sharpness, brightness, blurriness, naturalness), choice of profile picture (for gender, age, and facial expression), the screen name, the language features from both textual content and profile's description (n-gram, emotion, sentiment), and finally sociability from ego-network, and user engagement – we can reliably detect likely depressed individuals in a data set of 8,770 human-annotated Twitter users.
We show that by determining and integrating heterogeneous set of features from different modalities – aesthetic features from posted images (colorfulness, hue variance, sharpness, brightness, blurriness, naturalness), choice of profile picture (for gender, age, and facial expression), the screen name, the language features from both textual content and profile's description (n-gram, emotion, sentiment), and finally sociability from ego-network, and user engagement – we can reliably detect likely depressed individuals in a data set of 8,770 human-annotated Twitter users.
Answer: Users' tweets
Question: What are some of the most common activities during winter in cold weather climates?
Answer: Some common cold weather activities during winter months are: winter hiking, reading in-front of a warm fire, downhill and cross country skiing, enjoying a sauna with friends, going snowshoeing in the woods. During winter months many children enjoy: building snowmen, going sledding, having snowball fights, and warming up with hot cocoa.
Question: Given this paragraph, how many public high schools are in Arlington, Virginia?
Evidence: Arlington Public Schools operates the county's public K-12 education system of 22 elementary schools; 6 middle schools (Dorothy Hamm Middle School, Gunston Middle School, Kenmore Middle School, Swanson Middle School, Thomas Jefferson Middle School, and Williamsburg Middle School); and 3 public high schools (Wakefield High School, Washington-Liberty High School, and Yorktown High School). H-B Woodlawn and Arlington Tech are alternative public schools. Arlington County spends about half of its local revenues on education. For the FY2013 budget, 83 percent of funding was from local revenues, and 12 percent from the state. Per pupil expenditures are expected to average $18,700, well above its neighbors, Fairfax County ($13,600) and Montgomery County ($14,900).
Answer: There are 3 public high schools in Arlington, Va.
Question: Would my landlord allow me to have my dog living at the house?
Answer: Dear Mr Landlord,
I would like to start by saying how happy I am at the moment living at your property, it is everything I wanted in terms of living space and location since I moved to San Francisco.
There is one thing though that I have wanted to ask you and it is regarding Yiyo. Yiyo is my dog, a 50-pound labrador that has been the perfect companion and a true friend since I was a child. Yiyo used to live with my parents as I knew I could not have him live with me at your property, but things have changed recently as my parents are moving to Europe. Yiyo is a very well-behaved dog, trained by professionals since he was 6 months old, and I think he would do a very good job keeping the block and the property safe in view of the recent burglaries that have taken place. I also see value in him being able to live at the property with me to help me keep rats off the premises, which are quite common around due to the nearby forest. I really appreciate you giving this request a thought as I am sure if you allow it we will both greatly benefit from your decision.
Sincerely yours, FC.
Question: Why did they think this was a good idea?
Evidence: During the long history of TCM, there has been a number of therapy records or treatment guidelines in the TCM classics composed by outstanding TCM researchers and practitioners. In real life, TCM practitioners often take these classical records for reference when prescribing for the patient, which inspires us to design a model that can automatically generate prescriptions by learning from these classics. It also needs to be noted that due to the issues in actual practice, the objective of this work is to generate candidate prescriptions to facilitate the prescribing procedure instead of substituting the human practitioners completely. An example of TCM prescription is shown in Table 1 . The herbs in the prescription are organized in a weak order. By “weak order”, we mean that the effect of the herbs are not influenced by the order. However, the order of the herbs reflects the way of thinking when constructing the prescription. Therefore, the herbs are connected to each other, and the most important ones are usually listed first.
It also needs to be noted that due to the issues in actual practice, the objective of this work is to generate candidate prescriptions to facilitate the prescribing procedure instead of substituting the human practitioners completely.
Answer: They think it will help human TCM practitioners make prescriptions.
Question: What are good plants to have in your home if you have cats?
Answer: Many house plants are not cat safe. Some which are: rattlesnake plants, spider plants and African violets to name a few. Make sure you always check before buying an indoor plant if it is cat safe or keep non-cat safe plants in location you cat cannot get to.
Question: How many different syllables are there in Vietnamese?
Evidence: Vietnamese, like many languages in continental East Asia, is an isolating language and one branch of Mon-Khmer language group. The most basic linguistic unit in Vietnamese is morpheme, similar with syllable or token in English and “hình vị” (phoneme) or “tiếng” (syllable) in Vietnamese. According to the structured rule of its, Vietnamese can have about 20,000 different syllables (tokens). However, there are about 8,000 syllables used the Vietnamese dictionaries. There are three methods to identify morphemes in Vietnamese text BIBREF10 .
Morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit of Vietnamese.
Morpheme is the basic unit of Vietnamese.
Morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit and is not used independently in the syntax factor.
In computational linguistics, morpheme is the basic unit of languages as Leonard Bloomfield mentioned for English BIBREF11 . In our research for Vietnamese, we consider the morpheme as syllable, called “tiếng” in Vietnamese (as Nguyen’s definition BIBREF12 ).
The next concept in linguistics is word which has fully grammar and meaning function in sentences. For Vietnamese, word is a single morpheme or a group of morphemes, which are fixed and have full meaning BIBREF12 . According to Nguyen, Vietnamese words are able classified into two types, (1) 1- syllable words with fully meaning and (2) n-syllables words whereas these group of tokens are fixed. Vietnamese syllable is not fully meaningful. However, it is also explained in the meaning and structure characteristics. For example, the token “kỳ” in “quốc kỳ” whereas “quốc” means national, “kỳ” means flag. Therefore, “quốc kỳ” means national flag.
Consider dictionary used for evaluating the corpus, extracting features for models, and evaluating the systems, there are many Vietnamese dictionaries, however we recommend the Vietnamese dictionary of Hoang Phe, so called Hoang Phe Dictionary. This dictionary has been built by a group of linguistical scientists at the Linguistic Institute, Vietnam. It was firstly published in 1988, reprinted and extended in 2000, 2005 and 2010. The dictionary currently has 45,757 word items with 15,901 Sino-Vietnamese word items (accounting for 34.75%) BIBREF13 .
According to the structured rule of its, Vietnamese can have about 20,000 different syllables (tokens).
Answer: According to the structured rule of its, Vietnamese can have about 20,000 different syllables (tokens).
Question: What kind of data do they research in the paper?
Evidence: Change is a universal property of language. For example, English has changed so much that Renaissance-era texts like The Canterbury Tales must now be read in translation. Even contemporary American English continues to change and diversify at a rapid pace—to such an extent that some geographical dialect differences pose serious challenges for comprehensibility BIBREF0 . Understanding language change is therefore crucial to understanding language itself, and has implications for the design of more robust natural language processing systems BIBREF1 .
Language change is a fundamentally social phenomenon BIBREF2 . For a new linguistic form to succeed, at least two things must happen: first, speakers (and writers) must come into contact with the new form; second, they must decide to use it. The first condition implies that language change is related to the structure of social networks. If a significant number of speakers are isolated from a potential change, then they are unlikely to adopt it BIBREF3 . But mere exposure is not sufficient—we are all exposed to language varieties that are different from our own, yet we nonetheless do not adopt them in our own speech and writing. For example, in the United States, many African American speakers maintain a distinct dialect, despite being immersed in a linguistic environment that differs in many important respects BIBREF4 , BIBREF5 . Researchers have made a similar argument for socioeconomic language differences in Britain BIBREF6 . In at least some cases, these differences reflect questions of identity: because language is a key constituent in the social construction of group identity, individuals must make strategic choices when deciding whether to adopt new linguistic forms BIBREF7 , BIBREF8 , BIBREF9 . By analyzing patterns of language change, we can learn more about the latent structure of social organization: to whom people talk, and how they see themselves.
But, while the basic outline of the interaction between language change and social structure is understood, the fine details are still missing: What types of social network connections are most important for language change? To what extent do considerations of identity affect linguistic differences, particularly in an online context? Traditional sociolinguistic approaches lack the data and the methods for asking such detailed questions about language variation and change.
In this paper, we show that large-scale social media data can shed new light on how language changes propagate through social networks. We use a data set of Twitter users that contains all public messages for several million accounts, augmented with social network and geolocation metadata. This data set makes it possible to track, and potentially explain, every usage of a linguistic variable as it spreads through social media. Overall, we make the following contributions:
In this paper, we show that large-scale social media data can shed new light on how language changes propagate through social networks.
Answer: Social media data.
Question: What does the SimpleQuestions dataset consist of?
Evidence: We evaluate the proposed model on the SimpleQuestions dataset BIBREF0 . The dataset consists of 108,442 single-relation questions and their corresponding (topic entity, predicate, answer entity) triples from Freebase. It is split into 75,910 train, 10,845 validation, and 21,687 test questions. Only 10,843 of the 45,335 unique words in entity aliases and 886 out of 1,034 unique predicates in the test set were present in the train set. For the proposed dataset, there are two evaluation settings, called FB2M and FB5M, respectively. The former uses a KB for candidate generation which is a subset of Freebase and contains 2M entities, while the latter uses subset of Freebase with 5M entities.
In our experiments, the Memory Neural Networks (MemNNs) proposed in babidataset serve as the baselines. For training, in addition to the 76K questions in the training set, the MemNNs use 3K training questions from WebQuestions BIBREF27 , 15M paraphrases from WikiAnswers BIBREF2 , and 11M and 12M automatically generated questions from the KB for the FB2M and FB5M settings, respectively. In contrast, our models are trained only on the 76K questions in the training set.
For our model, both layers of the LSTM-based question encoder have size 200. The hidden layers of the LSTM-based decoder have size 100, and the CNNs for entity and predicate embeddings have a hidden layer of size 200 and an output layer of size 100. The CNNs for entity and predicate embeddings use a receptive field of size 4, $\lambda =5$ , and $m=100$ . We train the models using RMSProp with a learning rate of $1e^{-4}$ .
In order to make the input character sequence long enough to fill up the receptive fields of multiple CNN layers, we pad each predicate or entity using three padding symbols $P$ , a special start symbol, and a special end symbol. For instance, $Obama$ would become $S_{start}PPP ObamaPPPS_{end}$ . For consistency, we apply the same padding to the questions.
We evaluate the proposed model on the SimpleQuestions dataset. The dataset consists of 108,442 single-relation questions and their corresponding (topic entity, predicate, answer en tity) triples from Freebase.
Answer: 108,442 single-relation questions and their corresponding (topic entity, predicate, answer en tity) triples from Freebase.