DataHammer/scimrc huggingface dataset:
Question: What is geomorphometry?
Answer: Geomorphometry, or geomorphometrics, is the science and practice of measuring the characteristics of terrain, the shape of the surface of the Earth, and the effects of this surface form on human and natural geography. It gathers various mathematical, statistical and image processing techniques that can be used to quantify morphological, hydrological, ecological and other aspects of a land surface. Common synonyms for geomorphometry are geomorphological analysis (after geomorphology), terrain morphometry, terrain analysis, and land surface analysis. Geomorphometrics is the discipline based on the computational measures of the geometry, topography and shape of the Earth's horizons, and their temporal change. This is a major component of geographic information systems (GIS) and other software tools for spatial analysis.

In simple terms, geomorphometry aims at extracting (land) surface parameters (morphometric, hydrological, climatic etc.) and objects (watersheds, stream networks, landforms etc.) using input digital land surface model (also known as digital elevation model, DEM) and parameterization software.[Extracted surface parameters and objects can then be used, for example, to improve mapping and modelling of soils, vegetation, land use, geomorphological and geological features and similar.

With the rapid increase of sources of DEMs today (and especially due to the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission and LIDAR-based projects), extraction of land surface parameters is becoming more and more attractive to numerous fields ranging from precision agriculture, soil-landscape modelling, climatic and hydrological applications to urban planning, education and space research. The topography of almost all Earth has been today sampled or scanned, so that DEMs are available at resolutions of 100 m or better at global scale. Land surface parameters are today successfully used for both stochastic and process-based modelling, the only remaining issue being the level of detail and vertical accuracy of the DEM.
Question: What is a head rowing race?
Evidence: Head races are time trial / processional races that take place from autumn (fall) to early spring (depending on local conditions). Boats begin with a rolling start at intervals of 10 – 20 seconds, and are timed over a set distance. Head courses usually vary in length from 2,000 metres (1.24 mi) to 12,000 metres (7.46 mi), though there are longer races such as the Boston Rowing Marathon and shorter such as Pairs Head.
Answer: A head rowing race is a time trial race where rowing boats race on a rolling start with short time gaps between start times. Courses vary in length from 2,000 meters to 12,000 meters.
Question: What are some songs from the Beatles' White Album that you'd recommend listening to?
Answer: The White Album is one of the Beatles most iconic and experimental albums. Recommended songs to listen to from this album include; 'Happiness is a Warm Gun', 'Dear Prudence', 'Rocky Raccoon', 'Back in the U.S.S.R', 'Blackbird', 'While My Guitar Gently Weeps', 'Glass Onion ' and 'Helter Skelter'.
Question: What task did they apply the proposed model to?
Evidence: Word embeddings have been widely used for natural language processing (NLP) tasks BIBREF0 . However, the large word vocabulary makes word embeddings expensive to train. Some people argue that we can model languages at the character-level BIBREF1 . For alphabetic languages such as English, where the characters are much fewer than the words, the character embeddings achieved the state-of-the-art results with much fewer parameters.
Unfortunately, for the other languages that use non-alphabetic systems, the character vocabulary can be also large. Moreover, Chinese and Japanese, two of the most widely used non-alphabetic languages, especially contain large numbers of ideographs: hanzi of Chinese and kanji of Japanese. The character vocabulary can be as scalable as the word vocabulary (e.g., see the datasets introduced in Section SECREF11 ). Hence the conventional character embedding-based method is not able to give us a slim vocabulary on Chinese and Japanese.
For convenience, let us collectively call hanzi and kanji as Chinese characters. Chinese characters are ideographs composed with semantic and phonetic radicals, both of which are available for character recognition, and the semantic information may be embedded in Chinese characters by the semantic radicals BIBREF2 . Besides, though the character vocabulary is huge, the number of the radicals is much fewer. Accordingly, we explored a model that represents the Chinese characters by the sequence of the radicals. We applied our proposed model to sentiment classification tasks on Chinese and Japanese and achieved the follows:
We applied our proposed model to sentiment classification tasks on Chinese and Japanese and achieved the follows
Answer: Sentiment classification tasks on Chinese and Japanese.
Question: How tall can a human being theoretically be?
Answer: Theoretically, a human being can reach a maximum height of around 7 feet, 9 inches (2.3 meters) if they are fully grown. This is based on the average height of a male adult in the United States. According to the Guinness Book of World Records, the tallest man was Sultan Kösen. Sultan Kösen (born 10 December 1982) is a Turkish farmer of Kurdish ethnicity who holds the Guinness World Record for tallest living male at 251 cm (8 ft 2.82 in). Kösen's growth resulted from the conditions gigantism and acromegaly, caused by a tumor affecting his pituitary gland.
Question: Do they compare against Noraset et al. 2017?
Evidence: The baseline model BIBREF3 is implemented with a recurrent neural network based encoder-decoder framework. Without utilizing the information of sememes, it learns a probabilistic mapping $P(y | x)$ from the word $x$ to be defined to a definition $y = [y_1, \dots , y_T ]$ , in which $y_t$ is the $t$ -th word of definition $y$ .
The baseline model BIBREF3 is implemented with a recurrent neural network based encoder-decoder framework.
Answer: Yes.
Question: How long does a tennis match take?
Answer: A tennis match is usually played as the best of three or five sets, where each set is played as the first to six games with at least a two game margin. A tiebreaker is played if both sides win 6 games. The relative skill of the players, the frequency of breaks, and other factors can all affect the length of a tennis match, but usually a best-of-three set will take around 90 minutes and a best-of-five set will take around 2 and a half hours to 3 hours.
Question: List some beverages that you can buy at Starbucks.
Answer: Frappuccino, shaken espresso, caramel macchiato, refresher, hot chocolate, latte, drip coffee
Question: I'm getting into music history and want to listen to authentic analogue music from the 1980's. Which of the following should I try:  ipod, vinyl, apple music, cassette, compact disc, spotify, youtube
Answer: Vinyl, cassette and compact disc are all analogue music devices available in the 1980's - you should try them.
Question: Name some of the bravolebrities from The Real Housewives of Orange County
Answer: Shannon Beador, Heather Dubrow, Gina Kirschenheiter and Emily Simpson
Question: Given a reference text, who is the Ryder Cup named after?
Evidence: The Ryder Cup is a biennial men's golf competition between teams from Europe and the United States. The competition is contested every two years with the venue alternating between courses in the United States and Europe. The Ryder Cup is named after the English businessman Samuel Ryder who donated the trophy. The event is jointly administered by the PGA of America and Ryder Cup Europe, the latter a joint venture of the PGA European Tour (60%), the PGA of Great Britain and Ireland (20%), and the PGAs of Europe (20%).

Originally contested between Great Britain and the United States, the first official Ryder Cup took place in the United States in 1927 at Worcester Country Club in Worcester, Massachusetts. The home team won the first five contests, but with the competition's resumption after the Second World War, repeated American dominance eventually led to a decision to extend the representation of "Great Britain and Ireland" to include continental Europe from 1979. The inclusion of continental European golfers was partly prompted by the success of a new generation of Spanish golfers, led by Seve Ballesteros and Antonio Garrido. In 1973 the official title of the British Team had been changed from "Great Britain" to "Great Britain and Ireland", but this was simply a change of name to reflect the fact that golfers from the Republic of Ireland had been playing in the Great Britain Ryder Cup team since 1953, while Northern Irish players had competed since 1947. In addition to players from Great Britain and Ireland, the European team has since included players from Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Norway, Spain and Sweden.
Answer: The Ryder Cup is named after English businessman Samuel Ryder.
Question: Why do people like to live in Minnesota?
Answer: Minnesota is a great place to live for a multitude of reasons.  While the winter weather can be difficult, the overall high quality of life people from Minnesota have heavily outweighs this perceived negative.  Minnesota’s education system is consistently rated of one of the best in the United States.  Standardize test scores reflect this as well as a strong college/university ecosystem.  Minnesota is home to a diverse set of companies and has a higher-than-normal number of F500 companies headquartered in Minnesota.  The presence of a large, diverse set of companies has provided Minnesotans with one of the lowest employment rates in the USA.  Minnesota is also highly rated when it comes to restaurants based on the number (on a per capita basis) of James Beard Award winners.  The overall healthcare systems (including the famous Mayo Clinic) rank very high nationally.
Question: What are some ideas for businesses that cater to millennials?
Answer: Millennials like coffee shops, boba tea shops and cafes that have healthy foods like salads and smoothies. Restaurants that sell organic, vegetarian and gluten-free foods are good ideas. A pet store would also be a good idea because millennials spend a lot of money on their pets. Millennials also value travel and experiences, so a tour company that takes customers to unusual or exciting places could work well.
Question: what are the state of the art methods?
Evidence: We also evaluate our Joint-BiLSTM structure by comparing with several other state-of-the-art baseline approaches, which exploit either local or global temporal structure. As shown in Table TABREF20 , our Joint-BiLSTM reinforced model outperforms all of the baseline methods. The result of “LSTM” in first row refer from BIBREF15 and the last row but one denotes the best model combining local temporal structure using C3D with global temporal structure utilizing temporal attention in BIBREF17 . From the first two rows, our unidirectional joint LSTM shows rapid improvement, and comparing with S2VT-VGG model in line 3, it also demonstrates some superiority. Even LSTM-E jointly models video and descriptions representation by minimizing the distance between video and corresponding sentence, our Joint-BiLSTM reinforced obtains better performance from bidirectional encoding and separated visual and language models.
FLOAT SELECTED: Table 2: Comparing with several state-of-the-art models (reported in percentage, higher is better).
We also evaluate our Joint-BiLSTM structure by comparing with several other state-of-the-art baseline approaches, which exploit either local or global temporal structure. As shown in Table TABREF20 , our Joint-BiLSTM reinforced model outperforms all of the baseline methods.
FLOAT SELECTED: Table 2: Comparing with several state-of-the-art models (reported in percentage, higher is better).
Answer: S2VT, RGB (VGG), RGB (VGG)+Flow (AlexNet), LSTM-E (VGG), LSTM-E (C3D) and Yao et al.
Question: What contextual features are used?
Evidence: IOCs in cybersecurity articles are often described in a predictable way: being connected to a set of contextual keywords BIBREF16 , BIBREF1 . For example, a human user can infer that the word “ntdll.exe” is the name of a malicious file on the basis of the words “download” and “compromised” from the text shown in Fig. FIGREF1 . By analyzing the whole corpus, it is interesting that malicious file names tends to co-occur with words such as "download", "malware", "malicious", etc. In this work, we consider words that can indicate the characteristics of the neighbor words as contextual keywords and develop an approach to generate features from the automatically extracted contextual keywords.
 In this work, we consider words that can indicate the characteristics of the neighbor words as contextual keywords and develop an approach to generate features from the automatically extracted contextual keywords.
Answer: The words that can indicate the characteristics of the neighbor words as contextual keywords and generate it from the automatically extracted contextual keywords.
Question: Who are Coldplay
Evidence: Coldplay are a British rock band formed in London in 1997. They consist of vocalist and pianist Chris Martin, guitarist Jonny Buckland, bassist Guy Berryman, drummer Will Champion and creative director Phil Harvey. They met at University College London and began playing music together from 1997 to 1998, initially calling themselves Starfish.
Answer: Coldplay are a British rock band formed in London in 1997. They consist of vocalist and pianist Chris Martin, guitarist Jonny Buckland, bassist Guy Berryman, drummer Will Champion and creative director Phil Harvey.

They met at University College London and began playing music together from 1997 to 1998, initially calling themselves Starfish.
Question: What recording artist has won the most Grammys?
Answer: Beyonce, a singer-songwriter who has been active since the 1990s, holds the record for most Grammys won as of 2023 with 32 awards.
Question: Why donuts have holes?
Answer: Donuts have holes to help cook/bake the entire food item evenly
Question: What data did they use?
Evidence: Talk The Walk is the first task to bring all three aspects together: perception for the tourist observing the world, action for the tourist to navigate through the environment, and interactive dialogue for the tourist and guide to work towards their common goal. To collect grounded dialogues, we constructed a virtual 2D grid environment by manually capturing 360-views of several neighborhoods in New York City (NYC). As the main focus of our task is on interactive dialogue, we limit the difficulty of the control problem by having the tourist navigating a 2D grid via discrete actions (turning left, turning right and moving forward). Our street view environment was integrated into ParlAI BIBREF6 and used to collect a large-scale dataset on Mechanical Turk involving human perception, action and communication.
 Our street view environment was integrated into ParlAI BIBREF6 and used to collect a large-scale dataset on Mechanical Turk involving human perception, action and communication.
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
*  dataset on Mechanical Turk involving human perception, action and communication
Question: write some critical points on University of Sfax using below text as a reference
Evidence: The University of Sfax (Arabic: جامعة صفاقس French: Université de Sfax) is a university located in Sfax, Tunisia. It was founded in 1986 under the name University of the South with the purpose of covering all academic institutions in Southern Tunisia. It is divided into three universities, including the current University of Sfax, with the creation of the University of Gabes in 2003 and the University of Gafsa in 2004.
Answer: 1. Sfax is home to the University of Sfax.
2. To include all academic institutions in Southern Tunisia, the University of the South was founded in 1986.
3. It is divided into three institutions, including the existing University of Sfax, with the formation of the University of Gabes in 2003 and the University of Gafsa in 2004.
Question: Make a packing list for a picnic at the beach.
Answer: You should bring the following items for a picnic at the beach: Sunscreen, sunglasses, beach towels, umbrella, folding beach chairs, ice chest, drinks, ice, sandwiches, chips and salsa.
Question: What is the size of the PTC corpus?
Evidence: The Propaganda Techniques Corpus (PTC) dataset for the 2019 Shared Task on Fine-Grained Propaganda consists of a training set of 350 news articles, consisting of just over 16,965 total sentences, in which specifically propagandistic fragments have been manually spotted and labelled by experts. This is accompanied by a development set (or dev set) of 61 articles with 2,235 total sentences, whose labels are maintained by the shared task organisers; and two months after the release of this data, the organisers released a test set of 86 articles and 3,526 total sentences. In the training set, 4,720 ($\sim 28\%$) of the sentences have been assessed as containing propaganda, with 12,245 sentences ($\sim 72 \%$) as non-propaganda, demonstrating a clear class imbalance.
In the binary sentence-level classification (SLC) task, a model is trained to detect whether each and every sentence is either 'propaganda' or 'non-propaganda'; in the more challenging field-level classification (FLC) task, a model is trained to detect one of 18 possible propaganda technique types in spans of characters within sentences. These propaganda types are listed in BIBREF4 and range from those which might be recognisable at the lexical level (e.g. Name_Calling, Repetition), and those which would likely need to incorporate semantic understanding (Red_Herring, Straw_Man).
For several example sentences from a sample document annotated with fragment-level classifications (FLC) (Figure FIGREF13). The corresponding sentence-level classification (SLC) labels would indicate that sentences 3, 4, and 7 are 'propaganda' while the the other sentences are `non-propaganda'.
The Propaganda Techniques Corpus (PTC) dataset for the 2019 Shared Task on Fine-Grained Propaganda consists of a training set of 350 news articles, consisting of just over 16,965 total sentences, in which specifically propagandistic fragments have been manually spotted and labelled by experts. This is accompanied by a development set (or dev set) of 61 articles with 2,235 total sen_x001f_tences, whose labels are maintained by the shared task organisers; and two months after the release of this data, the organisers released a test set of 86 articles and 3,526 total sentences.
Answer: The Propaganda Techniques Corpus (PTC) dataset for the 2019 Shared Task consists a training set, a development set and a test set. In total, there are 497 articles with 22726 sentences.
Question: What toolkit is used in their experiments?
Evidence: There are two different testing sets from VLSP 2018 and VLSP 2019. In general, the data of this year is more complex than the last year one, so there is a big gap in results between two of them. The experiments are conducted using the Kaldi speech recognition toolkitBIBREF2.
The experiments are conducted using the Kaldi speech recognition toolkit [3].
Answer: Kaldi speech recognition toolkit.
Question: Classify each of the following as either a real or a fictional characters: professor Dumbledore, Mahatma Gandhi, King Arthur, captain Kirk, Luke skywalker, Julius Caesar
Answer: Dumbledore - fictional ,Mahatma Gandhi - real, King Arthur - fictional, captain Kirk - fictional, Luke skywalker - fictional, Julius Caesar - real
Question: Classify the below as food or drinks.
Biriyani, Pasta, Steak, cocktail, mocktail, wine
Answer: Food - Biriyani, Pasta, Steak
Drinks - cocktail, mocktail, wine
Question: What examples of applications are mentioned?
Evidence: This dataset is aimed to contribute to developing a partisan news detector. There are several ways that the dataset can be used to devise the system. For example, it is possible to train the detector using publisher-level labels and test with article-level labels. It is also possible to use semi-supervised learning and treat the publisher-level part as unsupervised, or use only the article-level part. We also released the raw survey data so that new mechanisms to decide the article-level labels can be devised.
This dataset is aimed to contribute to developing a partisan news detector. There are several ways that the dataset can be used to devise the system. For example, it is possible to train the detector using publisher-level labels and test with article-level labels. It is also possible to use semi-supervised learning and treat the publisher-level part as unsupervised, or use only the article-level part. We also released the raw survey data so that new mechanisms to decide the article-level labels can be devised.
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* partisan news detector
Question: Which of the following animals live in the snow: Dog, Bonobos, Cat, Polar bear, Whale shark, Arctic fox, Orangutans, Snow leopard, Lion, Ocean sunfish, Koala, Cheetah, Beluga sturgeon, Orca, Gorillas, Camel, Hamsters, Penguins, Blue whale, Chimpanzee
Answer: There are some animals in that list that typically live in the snow! Polar bear, Arctic fox, Snow leopard and Penguins.
Question: Which country is the best at hockey?
Answer: Canada is widely considered to be the strongest country in ice hockey. The National Hockey League (NHL) is the highest level of competition in the world. About half of NHL players are Canadian.
Question: Write a thoughtful letter to my mother-in-law asking her to move out of our house and in to a retirement community.  Make sure to thank her for her help and be kind.  She has lived with us for 5 years and helped us when our kids were little.  We want her to move out in the next 6 months, and we will pay for her retirement home and care.
Answer: Dear [insert name],
It has been great living with you for the last 5 years.  When our kids were small, you helped care for them and made a big impact on their development.  We could not have raised them without your help.  Now that the kids are older, we want to make sure we are not slowing you down or keeping you from your retirement goals.  In fact, we would love to return the favor you did for us, by helping you find a retirement community that you can enjoy and prosper in.  We are happy to pay for all of the accommodations and ensure moving is as easy as possible.  We think it is best to make this change in the next 6 months, and we will do everything we can to help you navigate this important transition, for you and for us.
Love Always,
[insert name]
Question: Classify the following list into mammals and non-mammals: dog, human, ant, bird, cat, dolphin, pig, cow, shrimp, coral, shark, honeybee, capybara
Answer: mammals: dog, human, cat, dolphin, pig, cow, capybara
non-mammals: ant, bird, shrimp, coral, shark, honeybee
Question: What was the duration of the Lewis and Clark Expedition?
Answer: 1228 Days. The Corps of Discovery departed from Camp Dubois at 4pm on May 14, 1804. The expedition returned to St. Louis on September 23, 1806.
Question: How does water feel?
Answer: Water is typically a fluid at room temperature, as a fluid it feels wet.  As a solid, its ice, which feels hard.  As a gas, its vapor, which feels like a cool mist.
Question: What are some great progressive rock bands?
Answer: RUSH, Yes, Genesis, the Alan Parsons Project, Pink Floyd, King Crimson, Emerson Lake and Palmer, Jethro Tull