DataHammer/scimrc huggingface dataset:
Question: My back hurts when I ski a lot of moguls and bumps, why does this happen?
Answer: It is hard to know the exact reason why your back hurts when you ski a lot of moguls or bumps, it is best to get a ski instructor or work with a physical therapist to let them assess your movement pattern and body.

One potential cause to back pain when you ski moguls or bumps is if you are using your back to take the majority impact and absorbing the bump instead of your knee and hip. As you are hitting a bump, you want to keep your back as straight as possible and let your hip and knee take the impact. The movement pattern is similar to squatting down, where you want to drop your bottom down towards your ankle. The reason you want your knee and hip to take the impact is because those joints have much bigger range of motion compared to your back so as you hit a bump or mogul, those joints will help absorb the majority of the irregularity in the terrain so your back is not needing to move as much which will help reduce the strain being put on it.
Question: What are some common types of lettuce used in salad and other dishes?
Answer: Common types of lettuce used in salads and other dishes include iceberg lettuce, butter lettuce, red leaf lettuce, green lettuce, frisee, endive, escarole, arugula, spring mix, and baby kale.
Question: Who are the children of Ned and Catelyn Stark?
Answer: Robb, Sansa, Arya, Bran, and Rickon
Question: Name five MLB teams in the American League.
Answer: Five MLB teams in the American League are the Tampa Rays, Boston Red Sox, Kansas City Royals, Texas Rangers, and Seattle Mariners.
Question: What causes the sun to rise?
Evidence: Although the Sun appears to "rise" from the horizon, it is actually the Earth's motion that causes the Sun to appear. The illusion of a moving Sun results from Earth observers being in a rotating reference frame; this apparent motion caused many cultures to have mythologies and religions built around the geocentric model, which prevailed until astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus formulated his heliocentric model in the 16th century.
Astronomically, sunrise occurs for only an instant: the moment at which the upper limb of the Sun appears tangent to the horizon. However, the term sunrise commonly refers to periods of time both before and after this point:
Twilight, the period in the morning during which the sky is brightening, but the Sun is not yet visible. The beginning of morning twilight is called astronomical dawn.
The period after the Sun rises during which striking colors and atmospheric effects are still seen.
The timing of sunrise varies throughout the year and is also affected by the viewer's latitude and longitude, altitude, and time zone. These changes are driven by the axial tilt of Earth, daily rotation of the Earth, the planet's movement in its annual elliptical orbit around the Sun, and the Earth and Moon's paired revolutions around each other. The analemma can be used to make approximate predictions of the time of sunrise.
In late winter and spring, sunrise as seen from temperate latitudes occurs earlier each day, reaching its earliest time near the summer solstice; although the exact date varies by latitude. After this point, the time of sunrise gets later each day, reaching its latest sometime around the winter solstice. The offset between the dates of the solstice and the earliest or latest sunrise time is caused by the eccentricity of Earth's orbit and the tilt of its axis, and is described by the analemma, which can be used to predict the dates.
Variations in atmospheric refraction can alter the time of sunrise by changing its apparent position. Near the poles, the time-of-day variation is exaggerated, since the Sun crosses the horizon at a very shallow angle and thus rises more slowly.
Accounting for atmospheric refraction and measuring from the leading edge slightly increases the average duration of day relative to night. The sunrise equation, however, which is used to derive the time of sunrise and sunset, uses the Sun's physical center for calculation, neglecting atmospheric refraction and the non-zero angle subtended by the solar disc.
Answer: Although the Sun appears to "rise" from the horizon, it is actually the Earth's motion that causes the Sun to appear. The illusion of a moving Sun results from Earth observers being in a rotating reference frame.
Question: What is the difference between public and private schools?
Answer: The terms "public" and "private" have different connotations in different countries, so this answer will focus on the United States education system. In the US, public schools refer to those funded by federal, state and local governments to provide free or low-cost education to local residents. Private schools are run by private organizations and typically require financial contributions from the families of students in the form of tuition payments. Although private schools are regulated, they typically operate without the control of a public school system and have the freedom to determine their own pedagogy. Some students attend private schools without paying tuition if they receive financial aid, either directly from the school they attend or though a third party.
Question: How to take care of a horse?
Answer: Taking care of horses is no easy task, although they are lovely animals, they require daily care and lots of exercise. To take care of a horse effectively, be sure to feed them appropriate hay, balancing out the sugar and protein to provide enough energy but not overwhelm them with unnecessary sugars. Always ensure the huffs are properly clean and as dry as possible to avoid any mold. In colder temperatures, keep them blanketed specially overnight, and ensure to take the blanket off in the morning to avoid overheating. Horses can be a lot of work but they can fill out lives with excitement and love.
Question: What's the differences of the Wing Chun kongfu and the traditional Shaolin Kongfu?
Answer: Wing chun was invented by a Buddhist nun who watched a snake and crane fighting. She adopted principles from both styles. She equated that to yin vs yang in terms of fighting style. 
It's all about economy of movement, small quick strikes and close quarters combat. 
It's meant to be effective for people of all ages and sizes and does not emphasize force. The crane stood there motionless and waded off the snakes quick strikes. It wasn't phased by the attacks. The posture and mindset of the crane and the quick strikes of the snake. 

Shaolin was developed to ward off invaders. Usually enemies riding horses so they do a lot of high jumping kicks which were used to kick people off horses. 
It's usually associated with tiger or dragon styles which can operate at more distance and use power. It's also very flashy and used in demonstrations and many king fu movies .
It's actually counterintuitive to many martial arts where you strike hard or from a distance and move around a lot ducking blocking etc. Wing chun is just small subtle blocks to divert attacks off center and then you strike back concurrently
Question: In which European country is this school located?
Evidence: The Instituto de Enseñanza Secundaria Lope de Vega (IES Lope de Vega) is a public high school in Madrid, Spain. It is located in the calle de San Bernardo. It is operated by the regional administration of the Community of Madrid.
Answer: Spain
Question: What is the Pandemis corylana
Evidence: Pandemis corylana, the chequered fruit-tree tortrix, hazel tortrix moth, filbert tortricid or barred fruit tree moth, is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found from northern and central Europe to Siberia, Korea and Japan.
Answer: The Pandemis corylana, the chequered fruit-tree tortrix, hazel tortrix moth, filbert tortricid or barred fruit tree moth, is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found from northern and central Europe to Siberia, Korea and Japan.
Question: Who won Euro song contest Save All Your Kisses For Me
Answer: Brotherhood of Man
Question: Can you name a few Tom Cruise Movies?
Answer: A few tom Cruise movies include Eyes Wide Shut, Magnolia,  Mission: Impossible 2,
Vanilla Sky, Jack Reacher, Oblivion, Mission: Impossible 3
Question: How is fluency of generated text evaluated?
Evidence: We manually reviewed 1,177 pairs of entities and referring expressions generated by the system. We find that 92.2% of the generated referring expressions refer to the correct entity.
From the generated expressions, 325 (27.6%) were pronouns, 192 (16.3%) are repeating a one-token entity as is, and 505 (42.9%) are generating correct shortening of a long entity. In 63 (5.6%) of the cases the system did not find a good substitute and kept the entire entity intact. Finally, 92 (7.82%) are wrong referrals. Overall, 73.3% of the non-first mentions of entities were replaced with suitable shorter and more fluent expressions.
We manually reviewed 1,177 pairs of entities and referring expressions generated by the system.
Overall, 73.3% of the non-first mentions of entities were replaced with suitable shorter and more fluent expressions.
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* manually reviewed
Question: What is a topographical unique feature of the area around Austin Texas.
Evidence: As of 2021, Austin had an estimated population of 964,177, up from 961,855 at the 2020 census. The city is the cultural and economic center of the Austin–Round Rock metropolitan statistical area, which had an estimated population of 2,295,303 as of July 1, 2020, a roughly 84% increase from the year 2000. Located in Central Texas within the greater Texas Hill Country, it is home to numerous lakes, rivers, and waterways, including Lady Bird Lake and Lake Travis on the Colorado River, Barton Springs, McKinney Falls, and Lake Walter E. Long.
Answer: Austin is located in Central Texas within the greater Texas Hill Country, it is home to numerous lakes, rivers, and waterways, including Lady Bird Lake and Lake Travis on the Colorado River, Barton Springs, McKinney Falls, and Lake Walter E. Long.
Question: Categorize each of the following foods based on the five taste sensations (sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and umami).
Answer: Mushrooms: umami
Swiss chard: bitter
Coffee: bitter
Lemon: sour
Fish sauce: umami
Kale: bitter
Apple: sweet
Beef jerky: salty
Parmesan cheese: salty
Question: Write a letter to a dog, from the perspective of a cat named Mittens, outlining some grievances that the cat has regarding their current living situation. The cat should be hostile toward the dog, and the letter should be written from the perspective that the cat thinks the dog is an idiot.
Answer: Dear Drooling Moron,

I write to you today to express my discontent (that means unhappiness) regarding our current living situation.  You may or may not have noticed, considering your obliviousness to anything that isn’t food related, that you actually live in a house with other animals.  Now this may come as a shock to you, but I really don’t appreciate the messes you leave around the house, the constant barking at random things outside, your lack of personal hygiene, and just your overall presence in general.

To put it into terms you can understand: You’re messy, you’re loud, you stink, and I want you out of the house.

Now I can appreciate that this may come as a surprise to you. From my perspective you appear to be oblivious to your surroundings and your memory is atrocious, for example you bark at the mailman every day, despite him clearly being no threat to anyone. So I can understand if you’re surprised by the revelation that I don’t like you, and I want you to go away. You certainly haven’t clued in every time you’ve assaulted me with your disgusting wet nose and horrendous breath despite my clearly negative reaction.

So I would like to spell things out to you in as simple terms as possible.  I want you gone by tomorrow. Anything less is unacceptable and will result in an escalation on my part to ensure your life in this house is as intolerable for you as you’ve made it for me. I have lived here longer than you, you have invaded my home, therefore the impetus is on you to leave.

I will not be sad to see you go, and I hope to never see you again, but nevertheless wish you well on your journey.

Sincerely,

Mittens the Cat
Question: How long is the dataset?
Evidence: We focus primarily on the smaller data set of 645 hand-labeled articles provided to task participants, both for training and for validation. We take the first 80% of this data set for our training set and the last 20% for the validation set. Since the test set is also hand-labeled we found that the 645 articles are much more representative of the final test set than the articles labeled by publisher. The model's performance on articles labeled by publisher was not much above chance level.
Our first experiment was checking the importance of pre-training. We pre-trained BERT-base on the 600,000 articles without labels by using the same Cloze task BIBREF5 that BERT had originally used for pre-training. We then trained the model on sequence lengths of 100, 250 and 500. The accuracy for each sequence length after 100 epochs is shown in TABREF7 and is labeled as UP (unsupervised pre-training). The other column shows how well BERT-base trained without pre-training. We found improvements for lower sequence lengths, but not at 500 word pieces. Since the longer chunk should have been more informative, and since our hand-labeled training set only contained 516 articles, this likely indicates that BERT experiences training difficulty when dealing with long sequences on such a small dataset. As the cost to do pre-training was only a one time cost all of our remaining experiments use a pre-trained model.
We focus primarily on the smaller data set of 645 hand-labeled articles provided to task participants, both for training and for validation. 
We pre-trained BERT-base on the 600,000 articles without labels by using the same Cloze task BIBREF5 that BERT had originally used for pre-training. 
Answer: 645, 600000
Question: What are the two PharmaCoNER subtasks?
Evidence: Although the competition proposes two different scenarios, in fact, both are guided by the snomed ct ontology —for subtask 1, entities must be identified with offsets and mapped to a predefined set of four classes (PROTEINAS, NORMALIZABLES, NO_NORMALIZABLES and UNCLEAR); for subtask 2, a list of all snomed ct ids (sctid) for entities occurring in the text must be given, which has been called concept indexing by the shared task organizers. Moreover, PharmaCoNER organizers decided to promote snomed ct substance ids over product, procedure or other possible interpretations also available in this medical ontology for a given entity. This selection must be done even if the context clearly refers to a different concept, according to the annotation guidelines (henceforth, AnnotGuide) and the praxis. Finally, PROTEINAS is ranked as the first choice for substances in this category.
Although the competition proposes two different scenarios, in fact, both are guided by the snomed ct ontology —for subtask 1, entities must be identified with offsets and mapped to a predefined set of four classes (PROTEINAS, NORMALIZABLES, NO_NORMALIZABLES and UNCLEAR); for subtask 2, a list of all snomed ct ids (sctid) for entities occurring in the text must be given, which has been called concept indexing by the shared task organizers.
Answer: Entity identification with offset mapping and concept indexing
Question: Can I use my electric car battery to power my house?
Answer: The ability to use your electric car to power your house (called vehicle to house or V2H) depends on the specific model and feature set of the vehicle. Older electric vehicles does not have that capability, but some of more recent vehicles do have the ability to power electric appliances off of the car battery, but it is rare that the car will be able to power the whole house. Although it is a great feature, it adds additional strain and design constraints on the car battery pack increasing the price of the car. There are some models, which supports vehicle to house, but it is an additional system and it may require additional equipment to be installed in the house to be able to connect the car.
Question: Given a reference text about Teodoro "Teddy" de Villa Diaz, tell me how he died and how old he was when he died.
Evidence: Teodoro "Teddy" de Villa Diaz (1 April 1963 – 21 August 1988) was a Filipino musician and composer, best known as the founder and original guitarist of The Dawn.

As a composer, he co-wrote the band's first single "Enveloped Ideas" and their well-known hit "Salamat", which was released posthumously in 1989. He played guitar on the albums The Dawn (1986) and I Stand With You (1988). Aside from being a guitarist, he played keyboards as credited on The Dawn's 1986 debut album.[citation needed]

At the height of his career and at the peak of The Dawn's popularity in the late 1980s, he was stabbed to death in front of his girlfriend's house by two bystanders who were allegedly under the influence of drugs and alcohol.
Answer: Teodoro "Teddy" de Villa Diaz was stabbed to death by two bystanders when he was 25 years old.
Question: Write a beautiful bedtime 5 paragraph story for a 4 years old. The outline of the story is: a small boy, named Jonny goes on an adventure with his family.
Answer: On a sunny morning Jonny wake up excited. Today is the first day of spring break and Jonny's family will be going on a road trip! Daddy packs the car, while Mommy makes sandwiches for the trip. Jonny and his sister Kayla can't wait for the adventure.

They are going to their favorite camping spot that's next to a lake. Jonny asks Kayla:
- Do you think the lake is going to be warm enough for swimming?
- I hope so - replies Kayla, as they are both packing their swimsuits.

During the car ride Jonny watches the other cars passing by, his favorite was the concrete mixer. He loves construction vehicles. 

By lunchtime they arrive, Jonny and Kayla run straight to the lake and happily recognize that other kids are swimming too. 
- Hurray, the lake is warm! Dad can we go swimming? - asks Jonny

Jonny, Kayla, Dad and Mom go for quick swim in the lake before lunch, then the set up their tent for the night. 
- This will be the most amazing spring camping adventure! - says Jonny to his sister.
Question: What strength does NovoGrad optimizer have compared to Adam optimizer?
Evidence: For training, we use either Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) with momentum or our own NovoGrad, an optimizer similar to Adam BIBREF14 , except that its second moments are computed per layer instead of per weight. Compared to Adam, it reduces memory consumption and we find it to be more numerically stable.
At each step INLINEFORM0 , NovoGrad computes the stochastic gradient INLINEFORM1 following the regular forward-backward pass. Then the second-order moment INLINEFORM2 is computed for each layer INLINEFORM3 similar to ND-Adam BIBREF27 : DISPLAYFORM0 
The second-order moment INLINEFORM0 is used to re-scale gradients INLINEFORM1 before calculating the first-order moment INLINEFORM2 : DISPLAYFORM0 
If L2-regularization is used, a weight decay INLINEFORM0 is added to the re-scaled gradient (as in AdamW BIBREF28 ): DISPLAYFORM0 
Finally, new weights are computed using the learning rate INLINEFORM0 : DISPLAYFORM0 
Using NovoGrad instead of SGD with momentum, we decreased the WER on dev-clean LibriSpeech from 4.00% to 3.64%, a relative improvement of 9% for Jasper DR 10x5. We will further analyze NovoGrad in forthcoming work.
Compared to Adam, it reduces memory consumption and we find it to be more numerically stable.
Answer: Compared to Adam, it reduces memory consumption and they find it to be more numerically stable.
Question: What happens if I let go of a helium balloon?
Answer: Because helium is lighter than air, a helium balloon will float upwards if you let go of it.
Question: Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Gravikord, Heckelphone
Answer: Heckelphone is woodwind, Gravikord is string.
Question: Tell me whether these sports require a ball or not to play: basketball, hockey, track and field, soccer, surfing, water polo, karate, football, gymnastics, skateboarding, golf, tennis, boxing, baseball, rugby, weightlifting, softball, rowing
Answer: Basketball, soccer, water polo, football, golf, tennis, baseball, rugby, and softball require a ball to play. Hockey, track and field, surfing, karate, gymnastics, skateboarding, boxing, weightlifting, and rowing do not require a ball.
Question: What is a good present for my wife?
Answer: Flowers and chocolates are often well received.
Question: Which team drafted Marques Pope?
Evidence: Marquez Phillips Pope (born October 29, 1970 in Nashville, Tennessee) is a former professional American football player who was drafted by the San Diego Chargers in the 2nd round (33rd overall) of the 1992 NFL Draft. A 5'11" cornerback-safety from Fresno State University, Pope played for 5 teams in 10 NFL seasons from 1992 to 2001. His best year as a pro came during the 1996 season for the San Francisco 49ers, intercepting 6 passes with 1 touchdown. During his pro career, Pope was known to be among the hardest hitters in the NFL.
Answer: The team that drafted Marquez Pope was the San Diego Chargers in the 1992 NFL Draft.
Question: What rule change was introduced by FIFA following the match between Australia and American Samoa in 2001?
Evidence: On 11 April 2001, the Australian and American Samoan national association football teams played each other in an Oceanian qualifying match for the 2002 FIFA World Cup. The match was played at the International Sports Stadium in Coffs Harbour, Australia. Australia set a world record for the largest victory in an international football match, winning the game 31–0. Australia's Archie Thompson also broke the record for most goals scored by a player in an international match by scoring 13 goals. David Zdrilic, the scorer of eight goals in the match, scored the second-highest number of goals in an international match since World War I.

The outcome of the match led to debates about the format of qualification tournaments, with the Australian manager Frank Farina and Thompson feeling that preliminary rounds should be introduced to avoid such unbalanced matches, views shared by the international footballing body FIFA. It eventually led to the introduction of a preliminary round in the Oceanian zone qualification for the 2006 FIFA World Cup. The unbalanced level of opponents was also addressed by Australia's move to the Asian Football Confederation in 2006.
Answer: Preliminary rounds were introduced prior to the FIFA world cup matches
Question: How better are results for pmra algorithm  than Doc2Vec in human evaluation? 
Evidence: Regarding the evaluation itself, based on the three-modality scale (bad, partial or full relevance), models are clearly not equivalents (Figure FIGREF26). The D2V model has been rated 80 times as "bad relevance" while the pmra returned only 24 times badly relevant documents. By looking at the results ranking, the mean position for D2V was 14.09 (ranging from 13.98 for JPL to 14.20 for EL). Regarding the pmra, this average position was equal to 6.89 (ranging from 6.47 for EL to 7.23 for SJD).
The D2V model has been rated 80 times as "bad relevance" while the pmra returned only 24 times badly relevant documents. 
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* The D2V model has been rated 80 times as "bad relevance" while the pmra returned only 24 times badly relevant documents.
Question: Who is the toughest teenage mutant ninja turtle?
Answer: Whilst all the ninja turtles are training martial artists, who is actually the toughest is a subjective opinion. However, Raphael is normally portrayed as the most aggressive and toughest fighter due to his more aggressive demeanour and attitude. All are capable fighters, but Raphael is probably the one who would be the hardest to defeat.