DataHammer/scimrc huggingface dataset:
Question: What discrete temporal features did they extract from the corpus?
Evidence: Another valuable source of information in matching user accounts, is the activity patterns of users. A measure of activity is the time and the intensity at which users utilize a social network or media site. All public social networks, including publicly available Twitter and Facebook data, make this information available. Previous research has shown temporal information (and other contextual information, such as spatial information) to be correlated with the linguistic activities of people BIBREF25 , BIBREF26 .
We extracted the following discrete temporal features from our corpus: month (12 bins), day of month (31 bins), day of week (7 bins) and hour (24 bins). We chose these features to capture fine to coarse-level temporal patterns of user activity. For example, commuting to work is a recurring pattern linked to a time of day, while paying bills is more closely tied to the day of the month, and vacations are more closely tied to the month.
We treated each of these bins as a word, so that we could use the same methods used in the last section to measure the similarity between the temporal activity patterns of pairs of accounts (this will also help greatly for creating the combined model, explained in the next section). In other word, the 12 bins in month were set to $w_1$ . . . $w_{12}$ , the 31 bins in day of month to $w_{13}$ . . . $w_{43}$ , the 7 bins in day of week to $w_{44}$ . . . $w_{50}$ , and the 24 bins in time were set to $w_{51}$ . . . $w_{74}$ . Thus, we had a corpus of 74 words.
For example, a post on Friday, August 5th at 2 AM would be translated to $\lbrace w_8,w_{17},w_{48},w_{53}\rbrace $ , corresponding to August, 5th, Friday, 2 AM respectively. Since we are only using unigram models, the order of words does not matter. As with the language models described in the last section, all of the probability distributions were calculated using Witten-Bell smoothing. We used the same four methods as in the last section to create our temporal models.
Table 3 shows the performance of each of these models. Although the performance of the temporal models were not as strong as the linguistic ones, they all vastly outperformed the baseline. Also, note that here as with the linguistic models, the confusion model greatly outperformed the other models.
We extracted the following discrete temporal features from our corpus: month (12 bins), day of month (31 bins), day of week (7 bins) and hour (24 bins). We chose these features to capture fine to coarse-level temporal patterns of user activity
Answer: Month (12 bins), day of month (31 bins), day of week (7 bins) and hour (24 bins).
Question: Which ASR system(s) is used in this work?
Evidence: The preliminary architecture is shown in Fig. FIGREF4. For a given transcribed utterance, it is firstly encoded with Byte Pair Encoding (BPE) BIBREF14, a compression algorithm splitting words to fundamental subword units (pairs of bytes or BPs) and reducing the embedded vocabulary size. Then we use a BiLSTM BIBREF15 encoder and the output state of the BiLSTM is regarded as a vector representation for this utterance. Finally, a fully connected Feed-forward Neural Network (FNN) followed by a softmax layer, labeled as a multilayer perceptron (MLP) module, is used to perform the domain/intent classification task based on the vector.
For convenience, we simplify the whole process in Fig.FIGREF4 as a mapping $BM$ (Baseline Mapping) from the input utterance $S$ to an estimated tag's probability $p(\tilde{t})$, where $p(\tilde{t}) \leftarrow BM(S)$. The $Baseline$ is trained on transcription and evaluated on ASR 1st best hypothesis ($S=\text{ASR}\ 1^{st}\ \text{best})$. The $Oracle$ is trained on transcription and evaluated on transcription ($S = \text{Transcription}$). We name it Oracle simply because we assume that hypotheses are noisy versions of transcription.
For a given transcribed utterance, it is firstly encoded with Byte Pair Encoding (BPE) BIBREF14, a compression algorithm splitting words to fundamental subword units (pairs of bytes or BPs) and reducing the embedded vocabulary size. Then we use a BiLSTM BIBREF15 encoder and the output state of the BiLSTM is regarded as a vector representation for this utterance. Finally, a fully connected Feed-forward Neural Network (FNN) followed by a softmax layer, labeled as a multilayer perceptron (MLP) module, is used to perform the domain/intent classification task based on the vector.
We name it Oracle simply because we assume that hypotheses are noisy versions of transcription.
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* Oracle
Question: Extract all the place names from the paragraph. Different places should be separated by comma.
Evidence: London was the first city to host the Summer Olympic Games three times. As of 2022, Paris, Los Angeles, Athens and Tokyo have each hosted twice; Paris will host for the third time in 2024, followed by Los Angeles which will host the Games in 2028. Only five countries have participated in every Summer Olympic Games: Australia, France, Great Britain, Greece, and Switzerland. Australia, France and Great Britain have won at least a medal at every edition of the Games, with Great Britain as the only one to win gold each time. The United States leads the all-time medal count at the Summer Olympics, and has topped the medal table on 18 separate occasions—followed by the USSR (six times), and France, Great Britain, Germany, China, and the ex-Soviet 'Unified Team' (once each).
Answer: Paris, Los Angeles, Athens, Tokyo, Australia, France, Great Britain, Greece, Switzerland, Australia, France, Great Britain, USSR,Germany, China
Question: What is the best football club in the world in 23 between Arsenal, Real Madrid, Napoli, Manchester City, and Bayern Munich?
Answer: The answer is : 
1. Manchester City 
2. Bayern Munich 
3. Napoli
4. Real Madrid
5. Arsenal
Question: Give me a title of one of the "Harry Potter" novels.
Answer: Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone
Question: What NLG domains are assessed?
Evidence: We assessed the proposed models on four different NLG domains: finding a restaurant, finding a hotel, buying a laptop, and buying a television. The Restaurant and Hotel were collected in BIBREF4 , while the Laptop and TV datasets have been released by BIBREF22 with a much larger input space but only one training example for each DA so that the system must learn partial realization of concepts and be able to recombine and apply them to unseen DAs. This makes the NLG tasks for the Laptop and TV domains become much harder. The dataset statistics are shown in Table 1 .
We assessed the proposed models on four different NLG domains: finding a restaurant, finding a hotel, buying a laptop, and buying a television.
Answer: They assessed the proposed models on four different NLG domains: finding a restaurant, finding a hotel, buying a laptop, and buying a television.
Question: What kind of humor they have evaluated?
Evidence: The next question then is, what makes a joke humorous? Although humor is a universal construct, there is a wide variety between what each individual may find humorous. We attempt to focus on a subset of the population where we can quantitatively measure reactions: the popular Reddit r/Jokes thread. This forum is highly popular - with tens of thousands of jokes being posted monthly and over 16 million members. Although larger joke datasets exist, the r/Jokes thread is unparalleled in the amount of rated jokes it contains. To the best of our knowledge there is no comparable source of rated jokes in any other language. These Reddit posts consist of the body of the joke, the punchline, and the number of reactions or upvotes. Although this type of humor may only be most enjoyable to a subset of the population, it is an effective way to measure responses to jokes in a large group setting.
Although humor is a universal construct, there is a wide variety between what each individual may find humorous. We attempt to focus on a subset of the population where we can quantitatively measure reactions: the popular Reddit r/Jokes thread. This forum is highly popular - with tens of thousands of jokes being posted monthly and over 16 million members. Although larger joke datasets exist, the r/Jokes thread is unparalleled in the amount of rated jokes it contains. To the best of our knowledge there is no comparable source of rated jokes in any other language. These Reddit posts consist of the body of the joke, the punchline, and the number of reactions or upvotes. Although this type of humor may only be most enjoyable to a subset of the population, it is an effective way to measure responses to jokes in a large group setting.
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* a subset of the population where we can quantitatively measure reactions: the popular Reddit r/Jokes thread
* These Reddit posts consist of the body of the joke, the punchline, and the number of reactions or upvotes.
Question: What sports can I play in Summer?
Answer: There are many different sports you can play in Summer. Here is the list:

1- Soccer
2- Swimming
3- Hiking
4- Football
5- Running
6- Tennis
Question: Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Quicksilver, Flash
Answer: Flash is DC, Quicksilver is Marvel
Question: List the territories ceded by Turkey as part of the treaty of Lausanne.
Evidence: The treaty delimited the boundaries of Greece, Bulgaria, and Turkey. Specifically, the treaty provisioned that all the islands, islets and other territories in the Aegean Sea (Eastern Mediterranean in the original text) beyond three miles from the Turkish shores were ceded to Greece, with the exception of Imbros, Tenedos and Rabbit islands (Articles 6 and 12). There is a special notation in both articles, that, unless it is explicitly stated otherwise, the Turkish sovereignty extends three miles from Asia Minor shores. The Greek population of Imbros and Tenedos was not included in the population exchange and would be protected under the stipulations of the protection of the minorities in Turkey (Article 38).

The major issue of the war reparations, demanded from Greece by Turkey, was abandoned after Greece agreed to cede Karaağaç to Turkey.

Turkey also formally ceded all claims on the Dodecanese Islands (Article 15); Cyprus (Article 20); Egypt and Sudan (Article 17); Syria and Iraq (Article 3); and (along with the Treaty of Ankara) settled the boundaries of the latter two nations.

The territories to the south of Syria and Iraq on the Arabian Peninsula, which still remained under Turkish control when the Armistice of Mudros was signed on 30 October 1918, were not explicitly identified in the text of the treaty. However, the definition of Turkey's southern border in Article 3 also meant that Turkey officially ceded them. These territories included the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen, Asir and parts of Hejaz like the city of Medina. They were held by Turkish forces until 23 January 1919.

By Articles 25 and 26 of the Treaty of Lausanne, Turkey officially ceded Adakale Island in the Danube River to Romania by formally recognizing the related provisions in the Treaty of Trianon of 1920. Due to a diplomatic irregularity at the 1878 Congress of Berlin, the island had technically remained part of the Ottoman Empire.

Turkey also renounced its privileges in Libya which were defined by Article 10 of the Treaty of Ouchy in 1912 (per Article 22 of the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923.)
Answer: - All territories in the Aegean Sea except for Imbros, Tenedos, and Rabbit islands
- Dodecanese islands
- Cyprus
- Egypt
- Territories to the south of Syria and Iraq in the Arabian Peninsula
- Adakale island in the Danube river
Question: What conversation-based features are used?
Evidence: Conversation Based Features
These features are devoted to exploit the peculiar characteristics of the dataset, which have a tree structure reflecting the conversation thread.
Text Similarity to Source Tweet: Jaccard Similarity of each tweet with its source tweet.
Text Similarity to Replied Tweet: the degree of similarity between the tweet with the previous tweet in the thread (the tweet is a reply to that tweet).
Tweet Depth: the depth value is obtained by counting the node from sources (roots) to each tweet in their hierarchy.
Conversation Based Features
These features are devoted to exploit the peculiar characteristics of the dataset, which have a tree structure reflecting the conversation thread.

Text Similarity to Source Tweet: Jaccard Similarity of each tweet with its source tweet.

Text Similarity to Replied Tweet: the degree of similarity between the tweet with the previous tweet in the thread (the tweet is a reply to that tweet).

Tweet Depth: the depth value is obtained by counting the node from sources (roots) to each tweet in their hierarchy.
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* Text Similarity to Source Tweet
* Text Similarity to Replied Tweet
* Tweet Depth
Question: What properties are available to buy on a UK Monopoly board, not including stations and utilities?
Answer: The properties, not including stations or utilites, on a UK monopoly board are:
- Old Kent Road (Brown)
- Whitechapel Road (Brown)
- The Angel, Islington (Light Blue)
- Euston Road (Light Blue)
- Pentonville Road (Light Blue)
- Pall Mall (Pink)
- Whitehall (Pink)
- Northumberland Avenue (Pink)
- Bow Street (Orange)
- Marlborough Street (Orange)
- Vine Street (Orange)
- Strand (Red)
- Fleet Street (Red)
- Trafalgar Square (Red)
- Leicester Square (Yellow)
- Coventry Street (Yellow)
- Piccadilly (Yellow)
- Regent Street (Green)
- Oxford Street (Green)
- Bond Street (Green)
- Park Lane (Dark Blue)
- Mayfair (Dark Blue)
Question: Which languages are spoken in Morocco
Evidence: Morocco's official languages are Arabic and Berber. The country's distinctive group of Moroccan Arabic dialects is referred to as Darija. Approximately 89.8% of the whole population can communicate to some degree in Moroccan Arabic. The Berber language is spoken in three dialects (Tarifit, Tashelhit and Central Atlas Tamazight). In 2008, Frédéric Deroche estimated that there were 12 million Berber speakers, making up about 40% of the population. The 2004 population census reported that 28.1% of the population spoke Berber.

French is widely used in governmental institutions, media, mid-size and large companies, international commerce with French-speaking countries, and often in international diplomacy. French is taught as an obligatory language in all schools. In 2010, there were 10,366,000 French-speakers in Morocco, or about 32% of the population.
Answer: Morocco's official languages are Arabic and Berber. French is widely used in governmental institutions and media. English and Spanish are also used a lot in Morocco.
Question: What methods do competitors use?
Evidence: RecNN BIBREF11 : Recursive neural network with standard compositional function.
RNTN BIBREF23 : The RNTN is a recursive neural network with neural tensor layer, which can model strong interactions between two constituents.
MV-RecNN BIBREF11 : The MV-RecNN is to represent every word and longer phrase in a parse tree as both a vector and a matrix in order to model rich compositionality.
TreeLSTM BIBREF9 : Recursive neural network with Long Short-Term Memory unit.
RecNN [Socher et al., 2012]: Recursive neural network with standard compositional function. RNTN [Socher et al., 2013b]: The RNTN is a recursive neural network with neural tensor layer, which can model strong interactions between two constituents. MV-RecNN [Socher et al., 2012]: The MV-RecNN is to represent every word and longer phrase in a parse tree as both a vector and a matrix in order to model rich compositionality. TreeLSTM [Tai et al., 2015]: Recursive neural network with Long Short-Term Memory unit.
Answer: RecNN, RNTN, MV-RecNN and TreeLSTM.
Question: Given the paragraph, what is the term budgie smuggler colloquially use to describe?
Evidence: A swim brief or racing brief is any briefs-style male swimsuit such as those worn in competitive swimming, diving and water polo. The popularity of the Australian Speedo brand racing brief has led to the use of its name in many countries around the world to refer to any racing brief, regardless of the maker. Occasionally, the speedo genericized trademark is applied to square cut swimsuits,[citation needed] but in general the generic term is used in reference to swimming briefs. Swim briefs are also referred to as competition briefs, swimming trunks, bathers, togs, racer bathers, posing briefs, racing briefs, and colloquially in Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom as "budgie smugglers".

Like underwear briefs, swim briefs feature a triangular shaped front and a solid back providing form-fitting coverage. They typically are worn below the lower waist. They are generally secured by thin banding at the upper thighs, and a drawstring around the waist and/or an elastic waistband. Swim briefs are often made of a nylon and spandex (Lycra) composite, while some longer-lasting suits are made from polyester and still others from other materials. Most swim briefs have a beige or white front lining made of a similar fabric.
Answer: In Australia, New Zealand and United Kingdom a "budgie smuggler" is used to describe a swimming brief
Question: By how much do they outperform state-of-the-art solutions on SWDA and MRDA?
Evidence: The results show that our proposed model CRF-ASN obviously outperforms the state-of-the-art baselines on both SwDA and MRDA datasets. Numerically, Our model improves the DAR accuracy over Bi-LSTM-CRF by 2.1% and 0.8% on SwDA and MRDA respectively. It is remarkable that our CRF-ASN method is nearly close to the human annotators' performance on SwDA, which is very convincing to prove the superiority of our model.
Numerically, Our model improves the DAR accuracy over Bi-LSTM-CRF by 2.1% and 0.8% on SwDA and MRDA respectively.
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* improves the DAR accuracy over Bi-LSTM-CRF by 2.1% and 0.8% on SwDA and MRDA respectively
Question: From the passage identify the shape of bottom of chemistry test tube. Display the results in comma separated format.
Evidence: Test tubes intended for general chemical work are usually made of glass, for its relative resistance to heat. Tubes made from expansion-resistant glasses, mostly borosilicate glass or fused quartz, can withstand high temperatures up to several hundred degrees Celsius.Chemistry tubes are available in a multitude of lengths and widths, typically from 10 to 20 mm wide and 50 to 200 mm long. The top often features a flared lip to aid pouring out the contents.A chemistry test tube typically has a flat bottom, a round bottom, or a conical bottom. Some test tubes are made to accept a ground glass stopper or a screw cap. They are often provided with a small ground glass or white glaze area near the top for labelling with a pencil.Test tubes are widely used by chemists to handle chemicals, especially for qualitative experiments and assays. Their spherical bottom and vertical sides reduce mass loss when pouring, make them easier to wash out, and allow convenient monitoring of the contents. The long, narrow neck of test tube slows down the spreading of gases to the environment.Test tubes are convenient containers for heating small amounts of liquids or solids with a Bunsen burner or alcohol burner. The tube is usually held by its neck with a clamp or tongs. By tilting the tube, the bottom can be heated to hundreds of degrees in the flame, while the neck remains relatively cool, possibly allowing vapours to condense on its walls. A boiling tube is a large test tube intended specifically for boiling liquids.A test tube filled with water and upturned into a water-filled beaker is often used to capture gases, e.g. in electrolysis demonstrations.A test tube with a stopper is often used for temporary storage of chemical or biological samples.
Answer: flat, round bottom, conical bottom
Question: What are the main considerations for chick care when raising backyard chickens?
Evidence: Purchasing chickens - Chicken owners need to find a place to purchase chickens. Oftentimes, people purchase chickens at local feed stores, or through a hatchery.

Creating a brooder - Chickens not being raised by a mother hen need assistance from their owner to survive. Chickens are raised in a brooder, which can look like a variety of things. Many individuals create their own brooder out of cardboard, plastic or wood. Different sources identify a variety of different square feet per bird needed, but a rule of thumb can be two square feet per chicken. This number can be lowered when the chick is young, but as they grow they will need at least two square feet per bird. It is important that chicken owners place their brooder in a draft-free place, yet still allow holes in the brooder for ventilation.[citation needed]

Heating and bedding - Chicks require a warm environment. In a brooder, this warm environment is created artificially with a heat lamp. My Pet Chicken recommends a red heat lamp, because a white heat lamp can create a harsh and uncomfortable environment for the baby chicks. During the first week of the chicks' life, a temperature of 95 degrees Fahrenheit is required. The temperature can be decreased by 5 degrees F. each week of the chicks life, until they reach week 6. At week 6, the birds should have enough feathers grown to be moved into their chicken coop. Checking on chicks often is important, as chicks that are too cold will huddle together to attempt to retain warmth, and chicks that are too hot will spread out in the brooder in attempts to cool down. Temperature can be adjusted accordingly by lowering and raising the heat lamp in the chick's brooder. Temperature can also be monitored by the use of a thermometer.[citation needed] Wooden chips are often used in the bottom of the brooder as a bedding.

Food and water - Chicks require different food than adult chickens. Chicks need a mash or dust food so that they are able to digest it without grit. Adult chickens are able to digest grit, which allows them to eat bigger food pellets. Purchasing chick food from a local feed store that is specifically for baby chicks will ensure that all nutritional requirements are being met. There are different types of food for different types of chicks. Chicks that are grown for egg-laying purposes require a lower protein level than chicks that are grown as a source of meat. Chicks should be fed and given water out of containers that ensure the chicks' safety, as some containers can injure the chicks or cause easy drowning.
Answer: When raising backyard chickens, there are several considerations for chick care.  First of all, you have to purchase the chicks.  Then, you have to create a brooder to keep the chicks in.  Next, you have to address heating and bedding.  Finally, you have to provide them with the appropriate food and water.
Question: What is the best way to feel peaceful in your mind?
Answer: Do not expect anything from others. Don’t expect others to be the same like you. Everyone is different. Accept that to gain peace of mind. Don’t ruminate. The way to avoid that is to keep busy.