DataHammer/scimrc huggingface dataset:
Question: What is Foreverly?
Evidence: Foreverly (stylized as foreverly) is a collaborative album by Green Day singer/guitarist Billie Joe Armstrong and jazz/pop singer-songwriter Norah Jones. It was released on November 25, 2013, through Reprise Records.

Foreverly is a collection of traditional songs, and is a reinterpretation of the 1958 album Songs Our Daddy Taught Us by The Everly Brothers. It is promoted by the lead single "Long Time Gone". A lyric video for the song was released on November 13, 2013, and was followed by the release of a music video for "Silver Haired Daddy of Mine" five days later.

Background
Answer: Foreverly is a remake of the album Songs Our Daddy Taught Us by The Everly Brothers. It was released in November 2013 and is a collaboration between Billie Joe Armstrong, of the band Green Day, and Norah Jones.
Question: Who is the best soccer player of all time?
Answer: Pele is the biggest player of all time, he won three World Cup and he's the only player that has this achievement. In his career, he scored more than 1.280 goals in his career and won more than 60 championships playing with Santos Futebol Clube (Brazil), Cosmos (USA) and the Brazilian team.
Question: What is a tardigrade?
Answer: A tardigrade, also called a water bear, is a microscopic animal with 8 legs. They can survive in a diverse range of conditions including outer space!
Question: From the passage provided, extract the two forms of energy transfer and list them in bullets.
Evidence: The First Law of thermodynamics is a formulation of the law of conservation of energy, adapted for thermodynamic processes. A simple formulation is: "The total energy in a system remains constant, although it may be converted from one form to another." Another common phrasing is that "energy can neither be created nor destroyed" (in a "closed system"). While there are many subtleties and implications that may be more precisely captured in more complex formulations, this is the essential principle of the First Law.

It distinguishes in principle two forms of energy transfer: heat, and thermodynamic work, for a system of a constant amount of matter. The law also defines the internal energy of a system, an extensive property for taking account of the balance of energies in the system.
Answer: The two forms of energy transfer are:
- Heat
- Thermodynamic work
Question: Given the reference text about the Cy Young Award, please describe what the award is and why it is awarded.
Evidence: The Cy Young Award is given annually to the best pitchers in Major League Baseball (MLB), one each for the American League (AL) and National League (NL). The award was first introduced in 1956 by Baseball Commissioner Ford Frick in honor of Hall of Fame pitcher Cy Young, who died in 1955. The award was originally given to the single best pitcher in the major leagues, but in 1967, after the retirement of Frick, the award was given to one pitcher in each league.
Answer: The Cy Young Award is given to the best pitches in the American and National leagues of Major League Baseball, for their achievements that exceed those of their peers.
Question: How to build from the raw text to a final model that achieves the tasks?
Evidence: - !`Socorro, me ha picado una víbora!
- ?`Cobra?
- No, gratis.[5]
Google Translation:
- Help, I was bitten by a snake!
- Does it charge?
- Not free.
[4]https://github.com/bfarzin/haha_2019_final, Accessed on 19 June 2019 [5]https://www.fluentin3months.com/spanish-jokes/, Accessed on 19 June 2019
Humor does not translate well because it often relies on double-meaning or a subtle play on word choice, pronunciation, or context. These issues are further exacerbated in areas where space is a premium (as frequent on social media platforms), often leading to usage and development of shorthand, in-jokes, and self-reference. Thus, building a system to classify the humor of tweets is a difficult task. However, with transfer-learning and the Fast.ai library, we can build a high quality classifier in a foreign language. Our system outperforms a Naive Bayes Support Vector Machine (NBSVM) baseline, which is frequently considered a "strong baseline" for many Natural Language Processing (NLP) related tasks (see Wang et al BIBREF0 ).
Rather than hand-crafted language features, we have taken an "end to end" approach building from the raw text to a final model that achieves the tasks as presented. Our paper lays out the details of the system and our code can be found in a GitHub repository for use by other researchers to extend the state of the art in sentiment analysis.
Rather than hand-crafted language features, we have taken an ”end to end” approach building from the raw text to a final model that achieves the tasks as presented.
Answer: The authors have taken an "end to end" approach building from the raw text to a final model that achieves the tasks as presented.
Question: How do McEwan and Sharp share the same parents if their mother was married to a different man when Sharp was born?
Evidence: In 2002, McEwan discovered that he had a brother who had been given up for adoption during the Second World War; the story became public in 2007. The brother, a bricklayer named David Sharp, was born six years earlier than McEwan, when their mother was married to a different man. Sharp has the same mother and father as McEwan but was born from an affair that occurred before they married. After her first husband was killed in combat, McEwan's mother married her lover, and Ian was born a few years later. The brothers are in regular contact and McEwan has written a foreword to Sharp's memoir.
Answer: While married to a man who would die in combat, their mother had an affair with a man (their father) she would later marry. That affair produced Sharp, and they proceeded to have another child, McEwan, following their marriage.
Question: What are the main components of Apache Spark based on the paragraph?
Evidence: Apache Spark requires a cluster manager and a distributed storage system. For cluster management, Spark supports standalone (native Spark cluster, where you can launch a cluster either manually or use the launch scripts provided by the install package. It is also possible to run these daemons on a single machine for testing), Hadoop YARN, Apache Mesos or Kubernetes.  For distributed storage, Spark can interface with a wide variety, including Alluxio, Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS), MapR File System (MapR-FS), Cassandra, OpenStack Swift, Amazon S3, Kudu, Lustre file system, or a custom solution can be implemented. Spark also supports a pseudo-distributed local mode, usually used only for development or testing purposes, where distributed storage is not required and the local file system can be used instead; in such a scenario, Spark is run on a single machine with one executor per CPU core.
Answer: Based on the paragraph, a cluster manager and a distributed storage are two main components of Apache Spark. For cluster manager, Spark supports a standalone cluster,  or  Hadoop YARN, Apache Mesos, or Kubernetes. For storage, Spark supports local file systems for development and testing, as well as Hadoop File System, Cassandra, and cloud storages
Question: How is the sequence of slot value pairs embedding encoded?
Evidence: The slots and values are separated parameters used in the encoder side. This embeds the source information into a vector representation $\textbf {z}_{i}$ which is a concatenation of embedding vector representation of each slot-value pair, and is computed by: 
$$\textbf {z}_{i} = \textbf {u}_{i} \oplus \textbf {v}_{i}$$   (Eq. 10) 
where $\textbf {u}_{i}$ , $\textbf {v}_{i}$ are the $i$ -th slot and value embedding vectors, respectively, and $\oplus $ is vector concatenation. The i index runs over the $L$ given slot-value pairs. In this work, we use a 1-layer, Bidirectional LSTM (Bi-LSTM) to encode the sequence of slot-value pairs embedding. The Bi-LSTM consists of forward and backward LSTMs which read the sequence of slot-value pairs from left-to-right and right-to-left to produce forward and backward sequence of hidden states ( $\overrightarrow{\textbf {e}_{1}}, .., \overrightarrow{\textbf {e}_{L}}$ ), and ( $\overleftarrow{\textbf {e}_{1}}, .., \overleftarrow{\textbf {e}_{L}}$ ), respectively. We then obtain the sequence of encoded hidden states $\textbf {E}=(\textbf {e}_{1}, \textbf {e}_{2}, .., \textbf {e}_{L})$ where $\textbf {\textbf {e}}_{i}$ is a sum of the forward hidden state $\overrightarrow{\textbf {e}_{i}}$ and the backward one $\textbf {v}_{i}$0 as follows: 
$$\textbf {e}_{i}=\overrightarrow{\textbf {e}_{i}} + \overleftarrow{\textbf {e}_{i}}$$   (Eq. 12) 
In this work, we use a 1-layer, Bidirectional LSTM (Bi-LSTM) to encode the sequence of slotvalue pairs embedding.
Answer: They use a 1-layer, Bidirectional LSTM (Bi-LSTM) to encode the sequence of slotvalue pairs embedding.
Question: How does explicit constraint on the KL divergence term that authors propose looks like?
Evidence: Given the above interpretation, we now turn to a slightly different formulation of ELBO based on $\beta $-VAE BIBREF15. This allows control of the trade-off between the reconstruction and KL terms, as well as to set explicit KL value. While $\beta $-VAE offers regularizing the ELBO via an additional coefficient $\beta \in {\rm I\!R}^+$, a simple extension BIBREF16 of its objective function incorporates an additional hyperparameter $C$ to explicitly control the magnitude of the KL term,
where $C\!\! \in \!\! {\rm I\!R}^+$ and $| . |$ denotes the absolute value. While we could apply constraint optimization to impose the explicit constraint of $\text{KL}\!\!=\!\!C$, we found that the above objective function satisfies the constraint (experiment). Alternatively, it has been shown BIBREF21 the similar effect could be reached by replacing the second term in eqn. DISPLAY_FORM6 with $\max \big (C,D_{KL}\big (q_\phi ({z}|{x}) || p({z})\big )\big )$ at the risk of breaking the ELBO when $\text{KL}\!\!<\!\!C$ BIBREF22.
While $\beta $-VAE offers regularizing the ELBO via an additional coefficient $\beta \in {\rm I\!R}^+$, a simple extension BIBREF16 of its objective function incorporates an additional hyperparameter $C$ to explicitly control the magnitude of the KL term,

where $C\!\! \in \!\! {\rm I\!R}^+$ and $| . |$ denotes the absolute value.
Answer: Answer with content missing: (Formula 2) Formula 2 is an answer: 
\big \langle\! \log p_\theta({x}|{z}) \big \rangle_{q_\phi({z}|{x})}  -  \beta |D_{KL}\big(q_\phi({z}|{x}) || p({z})\big)-C|
Question: What should I do if water is dripping from the ceiling inside my house?
Answer: The first task is to figure out if the leak is coming from inside of your pipes or from external moisture like rain.  If the leak only happens when it is raining, then shut off the main water supply and see if the leak still happens.  If yes, then it is likely from rain.  If it has been sunny and dry for a week and you are still getting the leak, shut the water off and see if the leak stops.  If it does, then that is likely from an internal leak.  If it is in fact an internal leak, then call a reputable local plumber to have them test your pipes for pressure loss.  If it is an external leak, then wait for sunny weather.  After about a week of dry sunny weather, get a garden hose and pick a feature of your roof or external walls and spray that feature (vent pipe, window, roof juncture, etc) with a direct stream of high volume and low velocity water from the garden hose.  Wait for a few hours, and see if the leak appears.  After four hours, if no leak has appeared, then move on to the next feature.  If hosing down a specific feature does in fact cause dripping within that four hour window, then either call a roof repair company or go to your local hardware store and talk to an expert about ways to seal cracks or gaps in siding or roofing material.
Question: Tell me when Silvio Berlusconi was born, how long has he been Prime Minister in Italy and what his nickname is
Evidence: Silvio Berlusconi (/ˌbɛərlʊˈskoʊni/ BAIR-luu-SKOH-nee; Italian: [ˈsilvjo berluˈskoːni] (listen); born 29 September 1936) is an Italian media tycoon and politician who served as Prime Minister of Italy in four governments from 1994 to 1995, 2001 to 2006 and 2008 to 2011. He was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1994 to 2013, and has served as a member of the Senate of the Republic since 2022, and previously from March to November 2013, and as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) since 2019, and previously from 1999 to 2001.

Berlusconi is the controlling shareholder of Mediaset and owned the Italian football club A.C. Milan from 1986 to 2017. He is nicknamed Il Cavaliere (The Knight) for his Order of Merit for Labour. 
The Order of Merit for Labour (Italian: Ordine al Merito del Lavoro) is an Italian order of chivalry that was founded in 1923 by King Vittorio Emanuele III. It is awarded to those "who have been singularly meritorious" in agriculture, industry and commerce, crafts, lending and insurance. It is a continuation of the earlier Ordine al Merito Agrario, Industriale e Commerciale founded in 1901. Members of the order may use the title Cavaliere del lavoro.

He voluntarily resigned from this order in March 2014. In 2018, Forbes ranked him as the 190th richest man in the world with a net worth of US$8 billion. In 2009, Forbes ranked him 12th in the list of the World's Most Powerful People due to his domination of Italian politics throughout more than twenty years at the head of the centre-right coalition.

Berlusconi was Prime Minister for nine years in total, making him the longest serving post-war Prime Minister of Italy, and the third longest-serving since Italian unification, after Benito Mussolini and Giovanni Giolitti. He was the leader of the centre-right party Forza Italia from 1994 to 2009, and its successor party The People of Freedom from 2009 to 2013. Since November 2013, he has led a revived Forza Italia. Berlusconi was the senior G8 leader from 2009 until 2011, and he currently holds the record for hosting G8 summits (having hosted three summits in Italy). After serving nearly 19 years as a member of the Chamber of Deputies, the country's lower house, he became a member of the Senate following the 2013 Italian general election.
Answer: Silvio Berlusconi was born on September 29, 1936 and has been in charge as Prime Minister in Italy for a total of 9 years (from 1994 to 1995, 2001 to 2006 and 2008 to 2011). His nickname is Il Cavaliere (The Knight) because he was awarded the Order of Merit for Labour, which is an Italian order of chivalry awarded to those "who have been singularly meritorious" in agriculture, industry and commerce, crafts, lending and insurance.
Question: Why is customer obsession important
Answer: Customer obsession is important to acquire new and maintain customer account and customer account growth over time.  It helps to create trust with customers and build lasting relationships with them.  When the customer says we only want to work with a single person who they have a relationship with this enables that person to grow accounts, find new use cases, and opportunities to drive platform consumption increasing company revenue.  Its important as you work with customer for them to trust you in your ability to deliver world-class results and work that is reproducible and scalable in their account and across new and other existing accounts.
Question: From the passage provided, extract which companies are local to Seattle which led to its development. Separate them with a comma.
Evidence: Logging was Seattle's first major industry, but by the late 19th century, the city had become a commercial and shipbuilding center as a gateway to Alaska during the Klondike Gold Rush. Growth after World War II was partially due to the local Boeing company, which established Seattle as a center for aircraft manufacturing. The Seattle area developed into a technology center from the 1980s onwards with companies like Microsoft becoming established in the region; Microsoft founder Bill Gates is a Seattleite by birth. Internet retailer Amazon was founded in Seattle in 1994, and major airline Alaska Airlines is based in SeaTac, Washington, serving Seattle's international airport, Seattle–Tacoma International Airport. The stream of new software, biotechnology, and Internet companies led to an economic revival, which increased the city's population by almost 50,000 between 1990 and 2000
Answer: Boeing, Microsoft, Amazon, Alaska Airlines
Question: How many category tags are considered?
Evidence: FLOAT SELECTED: Figure 5. The results are split for category and version of MDVC. The number of samples per category is given in parenthesis. The METEOR axis is cut up to the random performance level (7.16).
FLOAT SELECTED: Figure 5. The results are split for category and version of MDVC. The number of samples per category is given in parenthesis. The METEOR axis is cut up to the random performance level (7.16).
Answer: 14 categories
Question: I strongly believe in having a growth mindset and being a lifelong learner. However, I am a very busy person and I always find it hard to find time in the day to dedicate to educating myself on a variety of topics. I would love to read more, but I simply don't have the time to be able to do this today regularly. What are some ways that I can consume content to learn and exercise my mind, using the least amount of time as possible?
Answer: Time management is very hard for many people. Having a growth mindset is a fantastic way to continue to better yourself through all of life's troubles and tribulations. Here are a few ways that you can educate yourself either on the go, or with minimal time commitment:

1. TED (and TEDx) Talks - TED Talks are popular videos that present a great idea in 18 minutes or less. While TED talks are intended for a global audience, TEDx talks are intended for smaller audiences and are usually presented at a local level. TED and TEDx talk videos are readily available for consumption, for free from the website www.ted.com, via a mobiule app, as well as on Spotify, YouTube and many other content platforms.

2. Podcasts - Podcasts are a series of on-demand episodes, delivered orally, focused on a specific theme. Podcasts can be accessed from many types of devices and are readily available from many popular platforms, including Spotify, Apple Podcasts and iHeartRadio. Podcasts are focused on any number of topics, and can easily be listened to while on the go. 

3. Newsletters - Newsletters are printed or electronic reports that are made available by many organizations to a subscribed audience. They are often written in short, digestible formats to provide the highlights of a variety of topics, and typically contain links to learn more, if desired. They usually take only a few minutes to read and are readily available from news sources like the Wall Street Journal, CNN, Fox News, as well as many websites and LinkedIn groups. 

In addition to these ideas, simply dedicating a small amount of time each day to learning and improving yourself can go a long way. Try to dedicate 15 minutes every day, ideally at the same time each day, toward this and before long, it will become a habit.
Question: “Social Distancing”  refers to keeping a safe distance of
Answer: About 3 to 6 feet from others
Question: Why do oceans have salt water but rivers have fresh water?
Answer: The water in rivers comes from rain. Rainwater does not have any salt in it. The river picks up a small amount of salt from the ground as it travels downhill. The salt enters the ocean at the river's mouth. The saltwater mixture becomes saltier as water evaporates.
Question: Given this paragraph about the prehistory of Sri Lanka, what are the evidence for prehistoric human colonization in Sri Lanka?
Evidence: Evidence of human colonization in Sri Lanka appears at the site of Balangoda. Balangoda Man arrived on the island about 125,000 years ago and has been identified as Mesolithic hunter-gatherers who lived in caves. Several of these caves, including the well-known Batadombalena and the Fa Hien Cave, have yielded many artifacts from these people, who are currently the first known inhabitants of the island.

Balangoda Man probably created Horton Plains, in the central hills, by burning the trees in order to catch game. However, the discovery of oats and barley on the plains at about 15,000 BCE suggests that agriculture had already developed at this early date.

Several minute granite tools (about 4 centimetres in length), earthenware, remnants of charred timber, and clay burial pots date to the Mesolithic. Human remains dating to 6000 BCE have been discovered during recent excavations around a cave at Warana Raja Maha Vihara and in the Kalatuwawa area.
Answer: The oldest prehistoric evidence of human colonization in Sri Lanka goes back to about 125,000 years to a man named Balangoda Man. He was a Mesolithic hunter-gatherer who lived in caves. Furthermore, human remains dating back to 6000 BCE have also been found in several cites in the country.
Question: What is the size of the corpus?
Evidence: For source and cited documents, we use English-language computer science articles and annotation from the S2-GORC dataset BIBREF7. S2-GORC is a large citation graph dataset which includes full texts of 8.1 million scientific documents. We select a subset of 154K computer science articles as our corpus. From these, we extract 622K citing sentences that link back to other documents in our corpus. We hold 2500 examples for each of the validation and test sets. Detailed statistics can be found in Table TABREF4.
S2-GORC is a large citation graph dataset which includes full texts of 8.1 million scientific documents. We select a subset of 154K computer science articles as our corpus. From these, we extract 622K citing sentences that link back to other documents in our corpus. We hold 2500 examples for each of the validation and test sets.
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* 8.1 million scientific documents
* 154K computer science articles
* 622K citing sentences
Question: What is the national day of Germany?
Answer: The National Day of Germany is called German Unity Day. It is celebrated on 3 October as a public holiday. This day commemorates the reunification of West and East Germany after which since the end of second world war in 1945, Federal Republic of Germany existed as a single German state.
Question: Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Clavinet, Ocarina
Answer: Ocarina is woodwind, Clavinet is string.
Question: how much was the parameter difference between their model and previous methods?
Evidence: On the SR dataset, we outperform BIBREF8 's text based model by 3 F1 points, while just falling short of the Text + Metadata Interleaved Training model. While we appreciate the potential added value of metadata, we believe a tweet-only classifier has merits because retrieving features from the social graph is not always tractable in production settings. Excluding the embedding weights, our model requires 100k parameters , while BIBREF8 requires 250k parameters.
Excluding the embedding weights, our model requires 100k parameters , while BIBREF8 requires 250k parameters.
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* our model requires 100k parameters , while BIBREF8 requires 250k parameters
Question: Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Doctor Strange, Dr. Fate
Answer: Dr. Fate is DC, Doctor Strange is Marvel