Question: What is the PARRY in this paper?
Evidence: In this section we discuss the state of the art on conversational systems in three perspectives: types of interactions, types of architecture, and types of context reasoning. Then we present a table that consolidates and compares all of them.
ELIZA BIBREF11 was one of the first softwares created to understand natural language processing. Joseph Weizenbaum created it at the MIT in 1966 and it is well known for acting like a psychotherapist and it had only to reflect back onto patient's statements. ELIZA was created to tackle five "fundamental technical problems": the identification of critical words, the discovery of a minimal context, the choice of appropriate transformations, the generation of appropriate responses to the transformation or in the absence of critical words, and the provision of an ending capacity for ELIZA scripts.
Right after ELIZA came PARRY, developed by Kenneth Colby, who is psychiatrist at Stanford University in the early 1970s. The program was written using the MLISP language (meta-lisp) on the WAITS operating system running on a DEC PDP-10 and the code is non-portable. Parts of it were written in PDP-10 assembly code and others in MLISP. There may be other parts that require other language translators. PARRY was the first system to pass the Turing test - the psychiatrists were able to make the correct identification only 48 percent of the time, which is the same as a random guessing.
A.L.I.C.E. (Artificial Linguistic Internet Computer Entity) BIBREF12 appeared in 1995 but current version utilizes AIML, an XML language designed for creating stimulus-response chat robots BIBREF13 . A.L.I.C.E. bot has, at present, more than 40,000 categories of knowledge, whereas the original ELIZA had only about 200. The program is unable to pass the Turing test, as even the casual user will often expose its mechanistic aspects in short conversations.
Cleverbot (1997-2014) is a chatbot developed by the British AI scientist Rollo Carpenter. It passed the 2011 Turing Test at the Technique Techno-Management Festival held by the Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati. Volunteers participate in four-minute typed conversations with either Cleverbot or humans, with Cleverbot voted 59.3 per cent human, while the humans themselves were rated just 63.3 per cent human BIBREF14 .
Right after ELIZA came PARRY, developed by Kenneth Colby, who is psychiatrist at Stanford University in the early 1970s. The program was written using the MLISP language (meta-lisp) on the WAITS operating system running on a DEC PDP-10 and the code is nonportable. Parts of it were written in PDP-10 assembly code and others in MLISP. There may be other parts that require other language translators. PARRY was the first system to pass the Turing test - the psychiatrists were able to make the correct identification only 48 percent of the time, which is the same as a random guessing.
Answer: PARRY is a conversational system developed by Kenneth Colby that its program was written using the MLISP language (meta-lisp) on the WAITS operating system running on a DEC PDP-10 and the code is nonportable. It was the first system to pass the Turing test.