DataHammer/scimrc huggingface dataset:
Question: What model do they use to classify phonetic segments? 
Evidence: The first type of classifier we evaluate in this work are feedforward neural networks (DNNs) consisting of 3 hidden layers, each with 512 rectified linear units (ReLUs) with a softmax activation function. The networks are optimized for 40 epochs with a mini-batch of 32 samples using stochastic gradient descent. Based on preliminary experiments on the validation set, hyperparameters such learning rate, decay rate, and L2 weight vary depending on the input format (Raw, PCA, or DCT). Generally, Raw inputs work better with smaller learning rates and heavier regularization to prevent overfitting to the high-dimensional data. As a second classifier to evaluate, we use convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with 2 convolutional and max pooling layers, followed by 2 fully-connected ReLU layers with 512 nodes. The convolutional layers use 16 filters, 8x8 and 4x4 kernels respectively, and rectified units. The fully-connected layers use dropout with a drop probability of 0.2. Because CNN systems take longer to converge, they are optimized over 200 epochs. For all systems, at the end of every epoch, the model is evaluated on the development set, and the best model across all epochs is kept.
The first type of classifier we evaluate in this work are feedforward neural networks (DNNs) consisting of 3 hidden layers, each with 512 rectified linear units (ReLUs) with a softmax activation function. 
As a second classifier to evaluate, we use convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with 2 convolutional and max pooling layers, followed by 2 fully-connected ReLU layers with 512 nodes. 
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* feedforward neural networks
* convolutional neural networks
Question: Given this paragraph about Nicaraguan nationality law, with which countries can Nicaraguan citizens obtain dual citizenship?
Evidence: Nicaragua has a large diaspora that make significant contributions to the economy. Recognizing that forcing them to give up Nicaraguan nationality to acquire a different nationality would impact the country, changes were made to eliminate the possibility that birthright Nicaraguans could lose their nationality. Nicaragua has dual nationality treaties with Argentina, the nations of Central America, Italy and Spain. Children born abroad who obtain nationality by birth in another place are also accepted as dual nationals. In the case that their parents are naturalized Nicaraguans, they must ratify their choice of Nicaraguan citizenship upon attaining the age of 16.
Answer: Nicaraguan nationals can obtain dual citizenship through joint-treaty with Argentina, Central American nations, Italy, and Spain. Children with parents who are Nicaraguan citizens that are born abroad will receive dual citizenship.
Question: Can you castle if the rook previously moved
Evidence: Once per game, each king can make a move known as castling. Castling consists of moving the king two squares toward a rook of the same color on the same rank, and then placing the rook on the square that the king crossed.

Castling is permissible if the following conditions are met:

Neither the king nor the rook has previously moved during the game.
There are no pieces between the king and the rook.
The king is not in check and does not pass through or land on any square attacked by an enemy piece.
Castling is still permitted if the rook is under attack, or if the rook crosses an attacked square.
Answer: No. 
In order to castle, the king and the rook involved in the move, must have never moved previously in the game.
Question: What are Newton’s laws of motion?
Answer: Newton’s laws of motion are three fundamental laws residing in mechanical physics. These laws describe the relationship of objects, the paths of motion, and the forces that are in action between them. 
Newton’s laws are as follows:
- An object at rest remains at rest, and an object in motion remains in motion unless acted upon by an external force.
- The force of an object is equivalent to that object’s mass multiplied by that object’s acceleration. (F=ma)
- For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Question: What is solar minimum and how it is related to sun cycle?
Answer: Sun has a cycle that lasts on an average of 11 years
Question: What is Pullman National Historical Park?
Evidence: Pullman National Historical Park is a historic district located in Chicago and was the first model, planned industrial community in the United States. The district had its origins in the manufacturing plans and organization of the Pullman Company and became one of the most well-known company towns in the United States, as well as the scene of the violent 1894 Pullman strike. It was built for George Pullman as a place to produce the famous Pullman sleeping cars.
Answer: Pullman National Historical Park is a historic district located in Chicago and was the first model, planned industrial community in the United States. It was built for George Pullman as a place to produce the famous Pullman sleeping cars.The park was made a national monument by president Barack Obama on February 19, 2015. The district had its origins in the manufacturing plans and organization of the Pullman Company and became one of the most well-known company towns in the United States, as well as the scene of the violent 1894 Pullman strike. During the strike the American Railway Union led by Eugene V. Debs boycotted the company following the panic of 1893 crippling railroad traffic in the United States. Thousands of U.S marshals and army troops were deployed to break up the strike. The strike ultimately changed the American labor landscape showing the power a union could have against an industry.
Question: Can formula feeding cause NEC in a pre-mature infant?
Evidence: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating intestinal disease that affects premature or very low birth weight infants. Symptoms may include poor feeding, bloating, decreased activity, blood in the stool, vomiting of bile, bowel death, multiorgan failure, and even death.

The exact cause is unclear. However, several risk factors have been identified. Consistently described risk factors include formula feeding, intestinal dysbiosis, low birth weight, and prematurity. Maternal factors such as chorioamnionitis, cocaine abuse, in utero growth restriction, intrahepatic cholestasis during pregnancy, increased body mass index, lack of prenatal steroids, mode of delivery, placental abruption, preeclampsia, and smoking have not been consistently implicated with the development of NEC. Other risk factors potentially implicated include congenital heart disease, birth asphyxia, exchange transfusion, and prelabor rupture of membranes. The underlying mechanism is believed to involve a combination of poor blood flow and infection of the intestines. Diagnosis is based on symptoms and confirmed with medical imaging.
Answer: Yes, formula feeding can increase the risk of an pre-mature infant getting Necrotizing enterocolitis.
Question: What was written in Ski-U-Mah?
Evidence: Shulman was born in St. Paul, Minnesota, and raised in the city's Selby-Dale neighborhood. His father Abraham, a house painter, and his mother Bessie Karchmar were Jewish immigrants from Belarus.

As a student at the University of Minnesota, where he was classmate of Thomas Heggen, Thomas R. St. George and Norman Katkov, Shulman wrote a column for the Minnesota Daily as well as pieces for Ski-U-Mah, the college humor magazine. His writing humorously exaggerated campus culture. Shortly after Shulman graduated in 1942, an agent from Doubleday persuaded Shulman to send him some clips, which resulted in the campus satire Barefoot Boy With Cheek, a surprise 1943 bestseller. In 1947 Shulman adapted Barefoot Boy into a musical of the same name.
Answer: Ski-U-Mah was the college humor magazine for University of Minnesota. Shulman wrote pieces for Ski-U-Mah humorously exaggerating campus culture.

It is not clear from the text what else was written in Ski-U-Mah, but presumably there were other humorous pieces written about topics relating to University of Minnesota.
Question: Where are good places for a family to visit in Portland Oregon?
Answer: 1. The Oregon Museum of Science and Industry (OMSI) is a science and technology museum in Portland Oregon. The museum has many interactive exhibits, a theatre and a decommissioned naval submarine. 

2. The Springwater Corridor is a pedestrian and bicycle pathway between Portland and Gresham Oregon. There are nature walks, bridges and scenic areas throughout the Portland Metro area. 

3. The Oregon Zoo is home to Elephants, Lions, Polar Bears as well as Pacific Northwest Native species of mammals and birds. The Oregon Zoo is located in Washington Park. The zoo is the oldest zoo west of the Mississippi river.
Question: What do the authors plan to do?
Evidence: We have described the NLP4IF@EMNLP-IJCNLP 2019 shared task on fine-grained propaganda identification. We received 25 and 12 submissions on the test set for the sentence-level classification and the fragment-level classification tasks, respectively. Overall, the sentence-level task was easier and most submitted systems managed to outperform the baseline. The fragment-level task proved to be much more challenging, with lower absolute scores, but most teams still managed to outperform the baseline.
We plan to make the schema and the dataset publicly available to be used beyond NLP4IF. We hope that the corpus would raise interest outside of the community of researchers studying propaganda: the techniques related to fallacies and the ones relying on emotions might provide a novel setting for researchers interested in Argumentation and Sentiment Analysis.
As a kind of advertisement, Task 11 at SemEval 2020 is a follow up of this shared task. It features two complimentary tasks:
Given a free-text article, identify the propagandist text spans.
Given a text span already flagged as propagandist and its context, identify the specific propaganda technique it contains.
This setting would allow participants to focus their efforts on binary sequence labeling for Task 1 and on multi-class classification for Task 2.
We plan to make the schema and the dataset publicly available to be used beyond NLP4IF.
Answer: They plan to make the schema and the dataset publicly available to be used beyond NLP4IF.
Question: Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Albertonectes, African forest elephant
Answer: Albertonectes is extinct, African forest elephant is alive.
Question: Why would an oil and gas exploration company utilize directional drilling in their drilling program?
Answer: There are several reasons and oil and gas exploration company would need to utilize directional drilling techniques when drilling wells. If, for any reason, a drill site is not accessible from the surface (ground level) then the drilling rig will be offset from the target. Because the drilling rig is not physically able to locate on top of the geological target the oil and gas company must use directional drilling techniques to steer the well to the target from an offset position. Examples of this could include drilling for resources under Federal land or when drilling in highly populated areas. Another reason for utilizing directional drilling techniques is to maximize hydrocarbon production. Directional drillers can turn the well-bore to intersect with the target zone at the X-Y axis, instead of only through the Z-axis. This maximizes the amount of "zone" the well-bore has access to.
Question: Should I use a dynamic microphone or a condenser microphone for recording a podcast? What about streaming on twitch or making youtube videos? Should I ever use a ribbon microphone?
Answer: If you use a modern Apple laptop made after the year 2021, the built-in microphone has sufficient clarity and frequency response to make good recordings of your voice. It's not suitable for recording instruments, however.
Question: Should I buy a horse?
Answer: Buying a horse has lots of pro's and cons. A horse is great to own as you are able to build a strong relationship. You will have freedom and can be at your horse anytime it suits you.  And you can ride or walk your horse in ways you want to do this. You will also become best buddies as you will spend a lot of time together. Maintaining a horse however can be a lot of work, and its pretty costly, make sure you have some help and do not underestimate the responsibility and time you have to put in. Enjoy the ride.
Question: Should we all use Qubes OS for most daily task that involve the internet?
Evidence: Qubes implements a Security by Isolation approach. The assumption is that there can be no perfect, bug-free desktop environment: such an environment counts millions of lines of code and billions of software/hardware interactions. One critical bug in any of these interactions may be enough for malicious software to take control of a machine.
Answer: I have been using Qubes OS for all my online activities for the last few years.  Qubes' disposable VM concept fit nicely in this use case.
Question: Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Tenor violin, Bass flute
Answer: Bass flute is woodwind, Tenor violin is string.
Question: What are the different types of cancers?
Answer: Cancers are classified in two ways: Histological type, or the type of tissue in which the cancer originated, and by primary site, or the location in the body where the cancer first developed.

From a histological standpoint, there are hundreds of different cancers, which are grouped into six major categories: 
1. Carcinoma
2. Sarcoma
3. Myeloma
4. Leukemia
5. Lymphoma
6. Mixed Types
Question: From the paragraph provided, extract the year of the release of the album Origin of Symmetry.
Evidence: Muse released their debut album, Showbiz, in 1999, showcasing Bellamy's falsetto and a melancholic alternative rock style. Their second album, Origin of Symmetry (2001), incorporated wider instrumentation and romantic classical influences and earned them a reputation for energetic live performances. Absolution (2003) saw further classical influence, with strings on tracks such as "Butterflies and Hurricanes", and was the first of seven consecutive UK number-one albums.

Black Holes and Revelations (2006) incorporated electronic and pop elements, displayed in singles such as "Supermassive Black Hole", and brought Muse wider international success. The Resistance (2009) and The 2nd Law (2012) explored themes of government oppression and civil uprising and cemented Muse as one of the world's major stadium acts. Topping the US Billboard 200, their seventh album, Drones (2015), was a concept album about drone warfare and returned to a harder rock sound. Their eighth album, Simulation Theory (2018), prominently featured synthesisers and was influenced by science fiction and the simulation hypothesis. Their ninth album, Will of the People (2022), which combined many genres and themes from their previous albums, was released in August 2022.
Answer: The album Origin of Symmetry was released in 2001.
Question: Name some of John Grisham's bestselling novels.
Answer: John Grisham is a famous American novelist and former lawyer. He is best known for writing crime procedural and legal thrillers. His first best-selling novel was A Time to Kill in 1989. The Firm novel was released in 1991 and became a movie starring Tom Cruise in 1993. Other famous bestselling books by John Grisham include: The Pelican Brief in 1992; The Runaway Jury in 1996; The Rainmaker in 1995; The Broker in 2004;
Question: How long did it take for ironworking to be commonplace in West Africa following its introduction in Northern Africa?
Evidence: By the first millennium BCE, ironworking had been introduced in Northern Africa. Around that time it also became established in parts of sub-Saharan Africa, either through independent invention there or diffusion from the north and vanished under unknown circumstances around 500 CE, having lasted approximately 2,000 years, and by 500 BCE, metalworking began to become commonplace in West Africa. Ironworking was fully established by roughly 500 BCE in many areas of East and West Africa, although other regions didn't begin ironworking until the early centuries CE. Copper objects from Egypt, North Africa, Nubia, and Ethiopia dating from around 500 BCE have been excavated in West Africa, suggesting that Trans-Saharan trade networks had been established by this date.
Answer: Ironworking was introduced in Northern Africa around the first millennium BCE and became commonplace in West Africa by 500 BCE. This means it took 500 years (1000-500) for ironworking to become common in West Africa following its introduction in Northern Africa.
Question: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Khol, Mondol
Answer: Mondol is string, Khol is percussion.
Question: Give me an overview of the rivalry between the Celtics and Lakers.
Evidence: The Celtics–Lakers rivalry is a National Basketball Association (NBA) rivalry between the Boston Celtics and the Los Angeles Lakers. The Celtics and the Lakers are the two most storied franchises in the NBA, and the rivalry has been called the greatest in the NBA. The Boston Celtics and the Los Angeles Lakers have met a record 12 times in the NBA Finals, with their first such meeting being in 1959. They would both go on to dominate the league in the 1960s and 1980s, facing each other in the Finals six times in the 1960s, three times in the 1980s, and twice since the year 2000.

The Lakers and Celtics are tied for the highest number of championships in the NBA at 17 apiece, (12 as the L.A. Lakers and 5 as the Minneapolis Lakers). Together, they account for 34 of the 74 championships (or 45%) in NBA history. As of 2018, the Celtics and Lakers have a .590 and .596 all-time winning records respectively. As of the end of the 2020–21 season, Boston is the only team with a winning overall record against the Lakers.

The rivalry has been less intense since the retirements of Larry Bird and Magic Johnson in the early 1990s. In 2008 the two teams met in the NBA Finals for the first time since 1987, with the Celtics winning the series 4–2. They met again in the 2010 NBA Finals, which the Lakers won in 7 games.
Answer: The Celtics-Lakers rivalry is an NBA(National Basketball Association) rivalry between the Boston Celtics and the Los Angeles Lakers. They are two of the most storied NBA franchises, and have met a record 12 times in the NBA finals. The first meeting in the finals between them was in 1959, and the latest was in 2010. Both teams are tied for the highest number of NBA championships at 17, and account for 34 of the 72 total NBA championships. The rivalry peaked in the 60s and 90, when the teams faced each other in the finals 6 times in the 60s and 3 times in the 90s.
Question: here is some text about Grand-Lahou Department, What year did Grand-Lahou become part of Lagunes District?
Evidence: Grand-Lahou Department was created in 1988 as a first-level subdivision via a split-off from Abidjan Department.

In 1997, regions were introduced as new first-level subdivisions of Ivory Coast; as a result, all departments were converted into second-level subdivisions. Grand-Lahou Department was included in Lagunes Region.

In 2011, districts were introduced as new first-level subdivisions of Ivory Coast. At the same time, regions were reorganised and became second-level subdivisions and all departments were converted into third-level subdivisions. At this time, Grand-Lahou Department became part of Grands-Ponts Region in Lagunes District.
Answer: In 2011.
Question: What are good activities for two year old boys?
Answer: Two year old boys tend to be active, curious and social. Enjoyable activities for this age include going to the park, dancing to music, reading a book, and taking a walk around the neighborhood. Local community organizations also commonly plan activities for toddlers at places like libraries, schools and parks.
Question: By how much do they outperform BiLSTMs in Sentiment Analysis?
Evidence: On the 16 review datasets (Table TABREF22 ) from BIBREF32 , BIBREF31 , our proposed RCRN architecture achieves the highest score on all 16 datasets, outperforming the existing state-of-the-art model - sentence state LSTMs (SLSTM) BIBREF31 . The macro average performance gain over BiLSTMs ( INLINEFORM0 ) and Stacked (2 X BiLSTM) ( INLINEFORM1 ) is also notable. On the same architecture, our RCRN outperforms ablative baselines BiLSTM by INLINEFORM2 and 3L-BiLSTM by INLINEFORM3 on average across 16 datasets.
On the same architecture, our RCRN outperforms ablative baselines BiLSTM by INLINEFORM2 and 3L-BiLSTM by INLINEFORM3 on average across 16 datasets.
Answer: Proposed RCRN outperforms ablative baselines BiLSTM by +2.9% and 3L-BiLSTM by +1.1% on average across 16 datasets.
Question: Are other pretrained language models also evaluated for contextual augmentation? 
Evidence: FLOAT SELECTED: Table 2: Accuracies of different methods for various benchmarks on two classifier architectures. CBERT, which represents conditional BERT, performs best on two classifier structures over six datasets. “w/” represents “with”, lines marked with “*” are experiments results from Kobayashi(Kobayashi, 2018).
FLOAT SELECTED: Table 2: Accuracies of different methods for various benchmarks on two classifier architectures. CBERT, which represents conditional BERT, performs best on two classifier structures over six datasets. “w/” represents “with”, lines marked with “*” are experiments results from Kobayashi(Kobayashi, 2018).
Answer: No.