DataHammer/scimrc huggingface dataset:
Question: What is a classified board of directors, and why would a company want to implement this type of corporate structure?
Answer: For companies that are incorporated in Delaware, the Delaware General Corporation Law permits corporations to divide their boards of directors into up to 3 classes.  Other states in the United States have similar provisions regarding classified boards.

For boards that have only 1 class, each director serves a fixed term (generally 1 year), and each director is subject to re-election each year.  

Classified boards (also known as staggered boards) are divided into three separate classes (in equal proportion, to the extent possible), with members of each class serving three-year terms and only one class of directors up for election in any year.  

A classified board is one type of protection that companies consider as part of a wider range review of corporate defensive measures.  Generally, corporate defensive measures relate to measures for a company to consider to protect against (1) hostile takeovers that the board believes do not reflect the value of the company and (2) short-termism, where there is pressure from public investors – particularly activist investors – to take board actions (or face the risk of being voted off the board) that the board believes are not in the best interest of the company and its stockholders and maximizing value over the long term.  Corporate defensive measures generally aren’t relevant when a company is private given the corporate structure with significant long-term investor representation on the board and various agreements in place with stockholders.  However, these measures become relevant once a company has public stockholders, so many companies who are considering an initial public offering will assess what types of defensive measures would be appropriate for them.

A classified board is viewed as corporate defensive measure (i.e., it’s an anti-takeover and activist defense) as the entire board can’t be replaced in a single election cycle (with 3 classes, it would take up to the 3rd election cycle for the full board to be replaced, and generally 2 years to capture a majority).
Question: Classify each team as a baseball, hockey, soccer, football, or basketball team: New York Yankees, Florida Panthers, Manchester United, Philadelphia 76ers, Milwaukee Bucks, Seattle Seahawks, Texas Rangers, Dallas Cowboys, Philadelphia Union
Answer: New York Yankees: Baseball
Florida Panthers: Hockey
Manchester United: Soccer
Philadelphia 76ers: Basketball
Milwaukee Bucks: Basketball
Seattle Seahawks: Football
Texas Rangers: Baseball
Dallas Cowboys: Football
Philadelphia Union: Soccer
Question: How is the generative model evaluated?
Evidence: We train an LSTM with and without attention on the training set. After training, we take the best model in terms of BLEU score BIBREF16 on the development set and calculate the BLEU score on the test set. To our surprise, we found that using attention yields only a marginally higher BLEU score (43.1 vs. 42.8). We suspect that this is due to the fact that generating entailed sentences has a larger space of valid target sequences, which makes the use of BLEU problematic and penalizes correct solutions. Hence, we manually annotated 100 random test sentences and decided whether the generated sentence can indeed be inferred from the source sentence. We found that sentences generated by an LSTM with attention are substantially more accurate ( $82\%$ accuracy) than those generated from an LSTM baseline ( $71.7\%$ ). To gain more insights into the model's capabilities, we turn to a thorough qualitative analysis of the attention LSTM model in the remainder of this paper.
We train an LSTM with and without attention on the training set. After training, we take the best model in terms of BLEU score BIBREF16 on the development set and calculate the BLEU score on the test set. 
Answer: Comparing BLEU score of model with and without attention
Question: Give me some facts about Ethiopia?
Answer: Ethiopia is a federal parliamentary republic with a population of 113,656,596 people, as of 2021 (World factbook). The country is led by Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, who came to power in 2018. Voting is allowed for citizens over 18 years of age, but it is not mandatory. Despite its leadership in government, Ethiopia faces significant issues with corruption. According to a corruption scale, the country ranks 129th out of 180 countries, with bribery being a common occurrence in government affairs. Agriculture is a major part of Ethiopia's economy, with 38.5 million hectares of land being cultivated in 2020(World factbook). The major crops grown in the country include coffee, pulses, oilseeds, cereals, potatoes, sugarcane, and vegetables. Approximately 80% of Ethiopia's population resides in rural areas due to the need for farming, while the remaining 20% lives in urban areas.
Question: Extract the areas of science using differential equations in this text in an alphabetically ordered list.
Evidence: A differential equation is a mathematical equation for an unknown function of one or several variables that relates the values of the function itself and its derivatives of various orders. Differential equations play a prominent role in engineering, physics, economics, biology, and other disciplines.

Differential equations arise in many areas of science and technology, specifically whenever a deterministic relation involving some continuously varying quantities (modelled by functions) and their rates of change in space or time (expressed as derivatives) is known or postulated. This is illustrated in classical mechanics, where the motion of a body is described by its position and velocity as the time value varies. Newton's laws allow one (given the position, velocity, acceleration and various forces acting on the body) to express these variables dynamically as a differential equation for the unknown position of the body as a function of time. In some cases, this differential equation (called an equation of motion) may be solved explicitly.
Answer: Here is a list of alphabetically sorted applications of differential equations:
- Biology
- Economics
- Engineering
- Physics
Question: What are the two performance metrics for all scenarios?
Evidence: We consider two performance metrics for all scenarios: (1) accuracy over the 150 intents, and (2) recall on out-of-scope queries. We use recall to evaluate out-of-scope since we are more interested in cases where such queries are predicted as in-scope, as this would mean a system gives the user a response that is completely wrong. Precision errors are less problematic as the fallback response will prompt the user to try again, or inform the user of the system's scope of supported domains.
We consider two performance metrics for all scenarios: (1) accuracy over the 150 intents, and (2) recall on out-of-scope queries.
Answer: (1) accuracy over the 150 intents, and (2) recall on out-of-scope queries.
Question: I want to go to Europe, which of these cities are in that continent? Lisbon, Barcelona, Paris, Rome, London, Tokyo, New York City, Perth?
Answer: Lisbon, Barcelona, Paris, Rome and London are in Europe. Tokyo is in Asia, New York City is in North America, and Perth is in Australia.
Question: What corpus is used as a test set for all the experiments?
Evidence: We used the Mboshi5K corpus BIBREF13 as a test set for all the experiments reported here. Mboshi (Bantu C25) is a typical Bantu language spoken in Congo-Brazzaville. It is one of the languages documented by the BULB (Breaking the Unwritten Language Barrier) project BIBREF14 . This speech dataset was collected following a real language documentation scenario, using Lig_Aikuma, a mobile app specifically dedicated to fieldwork language documentation, which works both on android powered smartphones and tablets BIBREF15 . The corpus is multilingual (5130 Mboshi speech utterances aligned to French text) and contains linguists' transcriptions in Mboshi (in the form of a non-standard graphemic form close to the language phonology). It is also enriched with automatic forced-alignment between speech and transcriptions. The dataset is made available to the research community. More details on this corpus can be found in BIBREF13 .
TIMIT is also used as an extra speech corpus to train the informative prior. We used two different set of features: the mean normalized MFCC + INLINEFORM0 + INLINEFORM1 generated by HTK and the Multilingual BottleNeck (MBN) features BIBREF16 trained on the Czech, German, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Turkish and Vietnamese data of the Global Phone database.
We used the Mboshi5K corpus [14] as a test set for all the experiments reported here.
Answer: The Mboshi5K corpus.
Question: Can whales and dolphins breathe underwater?
Answer: Whales and dolphins breathe through nostrils, called a blowhole, located right on top of their heads
Question: Is the sun hot?
Answer: Yes the sun is hot, however the surface of the sun is approximately 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit, or as the rest of the world would recognise, 5,500 degrees Celsius.

At the core however, temperatures are much hotter, 27 million degrees Fahrenheit (15 million degrees Celsius) which is necessary to maintain the fusion reaction which provides the warmth we feel. Once all the hydrogen is convert to helium with fusion, the sun will no longer exert external pressure and will likely become a neutron star.
Question: What are some of the popular monuments in India?
Answer: Some of the popular monuments in India are:

Taj Mahal : The Taj Mahal is a white marble mausoleum commissioned by Shah Jahan, the fifth Mughal Emperor, in 1631. It was built in memory of, and to house the tomb of his wife, Mumtaz Mahal. It is located on the right bank of the Yamuna River in a vast Mughal garden that encompasses nearly 17 hectares, in the Agra District in Uttar Pradesh.

Qutab Minar : The Qutab Minar is a 72.5m tall red sandstone tower located in the south of Delhi. The Minar is surrounded by a complex of gardens, mosques and other buildings like one of the Ashoka pillars.
Question: Which dataset of texts do they use?
Evidence: We consider three benchmark datasets: ( INLINEFORM0 ) Cora, a paper citation network with text information, built by BIBREF44 . We prune the dataset so that it only has papers on the topic of machine learning. ( INLINEFORM1 ) Hepth, a paper citation network from Arxiv on high energy physics theory, with paper abstracts as text information. ( INLINEFORM2 ) Zhihu, a Q&A network dataset constructed by BIBREF9 , which has 10,000 active users with text descriptions and their collaboration links. Summary statistics of these three datasets are summarized in Table . Pre-processing protocols from prior studies are used for data preparation BIBREF10 , BIBREF34 , BIBREF9 .
We consider three benchmark datasets: ( INLINEFORM0 ) Cora, a paper citation network with text information, built by BIBREF44 . 
Hepth, a paper citation network from Arxiv on high energy physics theory, with paper abstracts as text information. ( INLINEFORM2 ) Zhihu, a Q&A network dataset constructed by BIBREF9 , which has 10,000 active users with text descriptions and their collaboration links. 
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* Cora
* Hepth
* Zhihu
Question: I'm going to give you a passage from Marty Essen's book "Cool Creatures, Hot Planet: Exploring the Seven Continents" and want you to answer the following question: Where are western Hermann's tortoises found?

After spending the night at a large chain hotel, Deb and I traveled southeast with tortoises on our mind. Our plan for the day was to infiltrate the Massif des Maures area and search for one of France's most endangered reptiles-- the western Hermann's tortoise.  The first stop of our quest was Le Village de Tortues (the Tortoise Village), a tortoise rehabilitation center near the town of Gonfaron. Our mission was to befriend a staff member, learn as much as we could, and get detailed information on tracking down the wily Hermann's tortoise in the wild. When we couldn't find an English-speaking staff member, our mission was nearly thwarted. Only through quick thinking and improvisation were we able to acquire the vital background information we needed. Okay - we utilized the signs provided for British visitors. For many people, the word tortoise invokes thoughts of giant four-foot-long Galapagos tortoises. Western Hermann's tortoises, on the other hand, are small, reaching a maximum length of eight inches. While both reptiles make the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, the Galapagos tortoise is listed as "vulnerable" and the western Hermann's is listed as "endangered." In France, habitat destruction, egg pilfering, and fire are the primary factors for the tortoises decline.
Answer: Western Hermann's tortoises are found in Massif des Maures, an area in France. They are also found in a tortoise rehabilitation center, Le Village de Tortues, near Gonfaron.
Question: Given this paragraph about computer engineering, what is RISC?
Evidence: In computer engineering, a reduced instruction set computer (RISC) is a computer architecture designed to simplify the individual instructions given to the computer to accomplish tasks. Compared to the instructions given to a complex instruction set computer (CISC), a RISC computer might require more instructions (more code) in order to accomplish a task because the individual instructions are written in simpler code. The goal is to offset the need to process more instructions by increasing the speed of each instruction, in particular by implementing an instruction pipeline, which may be simpler given simpler instructions.
Answer: RISC stands for reduced instruction set computer. It is a computer architecture designed to simplify the individual instructions given to the computer to accomplish tasks.
Question: How was the dataset annotated?
Evidence: Given a statement and articles, workers are asked to judge whether the statement can be derived from the articles at three grades: True, Likely (i.e. Answerable), or Unsure (i.e. Unanswerable). If a worker selects Unsure, we ask workers to tell us why they are unsure from two choices (“Not stated in the article” or “Other”).
If a worker selects True or Likely in the judgement task, we first ask which sentences in the given articles are justification explanations for a given statement, similarly to HotpotQA BIBREF2. The “summary” text boxes (i.e. NLDs) are then initialized with these selected sentences. We give a ¢6 bonus to those workers who select True or Likely. To encourage an abstraction of selected sentences, we also introduce a gamification scheme to give a bonus to those who provide shorter NLDs. Specifically, we probabilistically give another ¢14 bonus to workers according to a score they gain. The score is always shown on top of the screen, and changes according to the length of NLDs they write in real time. To discourage noisy annotations, we also warn crowdworkers that their work would be rejected for noisy submissions. We periodically run simple filtering to exclude noisy crowdworkers (e.g. workers who give more than 50 submissions with the same answers).
Given a statement and articles, workers are asked to judge whether the statement can be derived from the articles at three grades: True, Likely (i.e. Answerable), or Unsure (i.e. Unanswerable). If a worker selects Unsure, we ask workers to tell us why they are unsure from two choices (“Not stated in the article” or “Other”).
If a worker selects True or Likely in the judgement task, we first ask which sentences in the given articles are justification explanations for a given statement, similarly to HotpotQA BIBREF2. The “summary” text boxes (i.e. NLDs) are then initialized with these selected sentences.
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* True, Likely (i.e. Answerable), or Unsure (i.e. Unanswerable)
* why they are unsure from two choices (“Not stated in the article” or “Other”)
* The “summary” text boxes
Question: Which items should we not eat for a weight loss diet? Banana, Ice-cream, milk tea, chocolate, dates, bakery biscuits, cold drinks.
Answer: You should not eat excess of anything, but out of the following list, ice-cream, milk tea, chocolate, bakery biscuits, cold drinks would be better avoided as they are refined products and contain sugar. Try to have natural sugar with fibre so, banana and dates are good to have on a diet.
Question: What is ClassRanked?
Answer: ClassRanked is an American educational technology company based in Salt Lake City, UT that offers higher education enterprise software (SaaS) solutions for course evaluation, reporting, and survey management.

The company was founded at Duke University as a data-centric platform aiding students with course registration and subsequently shifted focus to building software for colleges and universities in 2022.
Question: What does the authors' test suite focus on?
Evidence: Pronouns can serve a variety of functions with complex cross-lingual variation BIBREF12 , and hand-picked, manually annotated test suites have been presented for the evaluation of pronoun translation BIBREF13 , BIBREF14 , BIBREF9 . While suitable for analysis, the small size of the test suites makes it hard to make statistically confident comparisons between systems, and the hand-picked nature of the test suites introduces biases. To overcome these problems, we opted for a fully automatic approach to constructing a large-scale test suite.
Conceptually, our test set is most similar to the “cross-lingual pronoun prediction” task held at DiscoMT and WMT in recent years BIBREF15 , BIBREF16 , BIBREF17 : participants are asked to fill a gap in a target sentence, where gaps correspond to pronouns.
The first edition of the task focused on English INLINEFORM0 French, and it was found that local context (such as the verb group) was a strong signal for pronoun prediction. Hence, future editions only provided target-side lemmas instead of fully inflected forms, which makes the task less suitable to evaluate end-to-end neural machine translation systems, although such systems have been trained on the task BIBREF18 .
 BIBREF17 do not report on the proportion of intra-sentential and inter-sentential anaphora in their test set, but the two top-performing systems only made use of intra-sentential information. Our test suite focuses on allowing the comparison of end-to-end context-aware NMT systems, and we thus extract a large number of inter-sentential anaphora, with meta-data allowing for a focus on inter-sentential anaphora with a long distance between the pronoun and its antecedent. Our focus on evaluating end-to-end NMT systems also relieves us from having to provide annotated training sets, and reduces pressure to achieve balance and full coverage of phenomena.
An alternative approach to automatically evaluate pronoun translation are reference-based methods that produce a score based on word alignment between source, translation output, and reference translation, and identification of pronouns in them, such as AutoPRF BIBREF19 and APT BIBREF20 . BIBREF21 perform a human meta-evaluation and show substantial disagreement between reference-based metrics and human judges, especially because there often exist valid alternative translations that use different pronouns than the reference. Our test set, and our protocol of generating contrastive examples, is focused on selected pronouns to minimize the risk of producing contrastive examples that are actually valid translations.
Our test suite focuses on allowing the comparison of end-to-end contextaware NMT systems, and we thus extract a large number of inter-sentential anaphora, with meta-data allowing for a focus on inter-sentential anaphora with a long distance between the pronoun and its antecedent.
Answer: The test suite focuses on allowing the comparison of end-to-end contextaware NMT systems.
Question: which is the odd one out? Spoon, Pen, Knife, Fork
Answer: Pen is the odd one out. The rest are silverware we use for eating
Question: Why india is so Poor Country
Answer: Population. so much populated  country
Education. People mostly are uneducated.
Question: What is the medical procedure PRP?
Answer: PRP stands for platelet enriched plasma. the patient's own blood is extracted, centrifuged, and the extracted plasma is reinjected at the target site. It is used to treat a variety of inflammation disorders and to encourage growth. It is not yet FDA approved, but has been shown to lead to statistically significant improvements in mobility and comfort. The mechanism of improvement is not understood, but it is hypothesized that growth factors from platelets are involved. PRP is used to treat joint inflammation, skin conditions, and hair loss.
Question: What is Christianity?
Answer: Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth. It is the world's largest and most widespread religion with roughly 2.4 billion followers representing one-third of the global population. Its adherents, known as Christians, are estimated to make up a majority of the population in 157 countries and territories, and believe that Jesus is the Son of God, whose coming as the Messiah was prophesied in the Hebrew Bible (called the Old Testament in Christianity) and chronicled in the New Testament.
Question: How do their results compare against other competitors in the PAN 2017 shared task on Author Profiling?
Evidence: FLOAT SELECTED: Table 8. Results (accuracy) on the test set for variety, gender and their joint prediction.
For the final evaluation we submitted our system, N-GrAM, as described in Section 2. Overall, N-GrAM came first in the shared task, with a score of 0.8253 for gender 0.9184 for variety, a joint score of 0.8361 and an average score of 0.8599 (final rankings were taken from this average score BIBREF0 ). For the global scores, all languages are combined. We present finer-grained scores showing the breakdown per language in Table TABREF24 . We compare our gender and variety accuracies against the LDR-baseline BIBREF10 , a low dimensionality representation especially tailored to language variety identification, provided by the organisers. The final column, + 2nd shows the difference between N-GrAM and that achieved by the second-highest ranked system (excluding the baseline).
FLOAT SELECTED: Table 8. Results (accuracy) on the test set for variety, gender and their joint prediction.
For the final evaluation we submitted our system, N-GrAM, as described in Section 2. Overall, N-GrAM came first in the shared task, with a score of 0.8253 for gender 0.9184 for variety, a joint score of 0.8361 and an average score of 0.8599 (final rankings were taken from this average score BIBREF0 ). 
We present finer-grained scores showing the breakdown per language in Table TABREF24 .
The final column, + 2nd shows the difference between N-GrAM and that achieved by the second-highest ranked system (excluding the baseline).


Answer: They achieved best result in the PAN 2017 shared task with accuracy for Variety prediction task 0.0013 more than the 2nd best baseline, accuracy for Gender prediction task 0.0029 more than 2nd best baseline and accuracy for Joint prediction task 0.0101 more than the 2nd best baseline
Question: What is the total number of geographical entities (states, territories, regions) in Africa?
Evidence: This is a list of sovereign states and dependent territories in Africa. It includes both fully recognised states, states with limited or zero recognition, and dependent territories of both African and non-African states. It lists 56 sovereign states (54 of which are member states of the United Nations), two non-sovereign (dependent) territories of non-African sovereign states, and ten sub-national regions of non-African sovereign states. Malta and parts of France, Italy, Portugal, and Spain are located on the African continental plate, some considerably closer to the African mainland than the European mainland but, politically, are generally considered to be European by convention. Egypt, although extending into Asia through the Sinai Peninsula, is considered an African state.
Answer: There are 56 sovereign states, 2 non-sovereign states, and 10 regions in Africa. This totals 56 + 2 + 10 = 68 territories.