DataHammer/scimrc huggingface dataset:
Question: Classify the following fish as either inshore/nearshore or offshore fish species: Tarpon, Bonefish, redfish, snook, trout, bass, swordfish, dolphinfish, gag, red snapper, yellowfin tuna, blackfin tuna, grouper
Answer: Tarpon inshore, Bonefish inshore, redfish inshore, snook inshore, trout inshore, bass inshore, swordfish offshore, dolphinfish offshore, gag offshore, red snapper offshore, yellowfin tuna offshore, blackfin tuna offshore, grouper offshore
Question: How are the synthetic examples generated?
Evidence: One way to expose Bleurt to a wide variety of sentence differences is to use existing sentence pairs datasets BIBREF22, BIBREF23, BIBREF24. These sets are a rich source of related sentences, but they may fail to capture the errors and alterations that NLG systems produce (e.g., omissions, repetitions, nonsensical substitutions). We opted for an automatic approach instead, that can be scaled arbitrarily and at little cost: we generate synthetic sentence pairs $(, \tilde{})$ by randomly perturbing 1.8 million segments $$ from Wikipedia. We use three techniques: mask-filling with BERT, backtranslation, and randomly dropping out words. We obtain about 6.5 million perturbations $\tilde{}$. Let us describe those techniques.
 We opted for an automatic approach instead, that can be scaled arbitrarily and at little cost: we generate synthetic sentence pairs $(, \tilde{})$ by randomly perturbing 1.8 million segments $$ from Wikipedia. We use three techniques: mask-filling with BERT, backtranslation, and randomly dropping out words. 
Answer: Random perturbation of Wikipedia sentences using mask-filling with BERT, backtranslation and randomly drop out
Question: how much of improvement the adaptation model can get?
Evidence: Table 2 shows the ablation performances of various Q-code on the development set. Note that since the testset is hidden from us, we can only perform such an analysis on the development set. Our baseline model using no Q-code achieved a 68.00% and 77.36% EM and F1 scores, respectively. When we added the explicit question type T-code into the baseline model, the performance was improved slightly to 68.16%(EM) and 77.58%(F1). We then used TreeLSTM introduce syntactic parses for question representation and understanding (replacing simple question type as question understanding Q-code), which consistently shows further improvement. We further incorporated the soft adaptation. When letting the number of hidden question types ( $K$ ) to be 20, the performance improves to 68.73%/77.74% on EM and F1, respectively, which corresponds to the results of our model reported in Table 1 . Furthermore, after submitted our result, we have experimented with a large value of $K$ and found that when $K=100$ , we can achieve a better performance of 69.10%/78.38% on the development set.
69.10%/78.38%
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
*  69.10%/78.38%
Question: Classify each of the following as food, company or both: apple, unilever, avon, mercedez, nestle, meat, rice, penny, pineapple, beans, dm, banana
Answer: both, company, company, company, company, food, food, company, food, food, company, food
Question: Is the outcome of the LDA analysis evaluated in any way?
Evidence: The Style baseline achieves an Accuracy of 83%, LDA features 89% and a combination of the two gets 90%. However, training on full poems reduces this to 42—52%.
The Style baseline achieves an Accuracy of 83%, LDA features 89% and a combination of the two gets 90%. However, training on full poems reduces this to 42—52%.
Answer: Yes.
Question: Write a bullet point list of at least 7 crops that are grown in California
Answer: - Artichokes
- Almonds
- Plums
- Cherries
- Garlic
- Apples
- Pears
Question: Do they allow for messages with vaccination-related key terms to be of neutral stance?
Evidence: The stance towards vaccination was categorized into `Negative’, `Neutral’, `Positive’ and `Not clear’. The latter category was essential, as some posts do not convey enough information about the stance of the writer. In addition to the four-valued stance classes we included separate classes grouped under relevance, subject and sentiment as annotation categories. With these additional categorizations we aimed to obtain a precise grasp of all possibly relevant tweet characteristics in relation to vaccination, which could help in a machine learning setting.
The stance towards vaccination was categorized into `Negative’, `Neutral’, `Positive’ and `Not clear’.
Answer: Yes.
Question: What type of recurrent layers does the model use?
Evidence: FLOAT SELECTED: Figure 1: The proposed model with GRU-based cnet encoder for a dialog with three turns. dt are one-hot word vectors of the system dialog acts; wti correspond to the word hypotheses in the timesteps of the cnets of the user utterances; sj , uj are the cnet GRU outputs at the end of each system or user utterance.
FLOAT SELECTED: Figure 1: The proposed model with GRU-based cnet encoder for a dialog with three turns. dt are one-hot word vectors of the system dialog acts; wti correspond to the word hypotheses in the timesteps of the cnets of the user utterances; sj , uj are the cnet GRU outputs at the end of each system or user utterance.
Answer: GRU
Question: What is the difference between Long-short Term Hybrid Memory and LSTMs?
Evidence: In this section we outline our pipeline for human communication comprehension: the Multi-attention Recurrent Network (MARN). MARN has two key components: Long-short Term Hybrid Memory and Multi-attention Block. Long-short Term Hybrid Memory (LSTHM) is an extension of the Long-short Term Memory (LSTM) by reformulating the memory component to carry hybrid information. LSTHM is intrinsically designed for multimodal setups and each modality is assigned a unique LSTHM. LSTHM has a hybrid memory that stores view-specific dynamics of its assigned modality and cross-view dynamics related to its assigned modality. The component that discovers cross-view dynamics across different modalities is called the Multi-attention Block (MAB). The MAB first uses information from hidden states of all LSTHMs at a timestep to regress coefficients to outline the multiple existing cross-view dynamics among them. It then weights the output dimensions based on these coefficients and learns a neural cross-view dynamics code for LSTHMs to update their hybrid memories. Figure 1 shows the overview of the MARN. MARN is differentiable end-to-end which allows the model to be learned efficiently using gradient decent approaches. In the next subsection, we first outline the Long-short Term Hybrid Memory. We then proceed to outline the Multi-attention Block and describe how the two components are integrated in the MARN.
Long-short Term Memory (LSTM) networks have been among the most successful models in learning from sequential data BIBREF21 . The most important component of the LSTM is a memory which stores a representation of its input through time. In the LSTHM model, we seek to build a memory mechanism for each modality which in addition to storing view-specific dynamics, is also able to store the cross-view dynamics that are important for that modality. This allows the memory to function in a hybrid manner.
Long-short Term Hybrid Memory and Multi-attention Block. Long-short Term Hybrid Memory (LSTHM) is an extension of the Long-short Term Memory (LSTM) by reformulating the memory component to carry hybrid information. 
In the LSTHM model, we seek to build a memory mechanism for each modality which in addition to storing view-specific dynamics, is also able to store the cross-view dynamics that are important for that modality. This allows the memory to function in a hybrid manner.
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* Long-short Term Hybrid Memory (LSTHM) is an extension of the Long-short Term Memory (LSTM)
Question: Given the reference paragraph, when was the CUBC formed?
Evidence: The Cambridge University Boat Club (CUBC) is the rowing club of the University of Cambridge, England. The club was founded in 1828 and has been located at the Goldie Boathouse on the River Cam, Cambridge since 1882. Nowadays, training primarily takes place on the River Great Ouse at Ely.
Answer: The Cambridge University Boat Club (CUBC)  was founded in 1828
Question: Based on this passage, how many miles did Gorbachev walk each week for his round trip commute to school?
Evidence: The village school was closed during much of the war but re-opened in autumn 1944. Gorbachev did not want to return but when he did he excelled academically. He read voraciously, moving from the Western novels of Thomas Mayne Reid to the works of Vissarion Belinsky, Alexander Pushkin, Nikolai Gogol, and Mikhail Lermontov. In 1946, he joined the Komsomol, the Soviet political youth organization, becoming leader of his local group and then being elected to the Komsomol committee for the district. From primary school he moved to the high school in Molotovskoye; he stayed there during the week while walking the 19 km (12 mi) home during weekends. As well as being a member of the school's drama society, he organized sporting and social activities and led the school's morning exercise class. Over the course of five consecutive summers from 1946 onward he returned home to assist his father in operating a combine harvester, during which they sometimes worked 20-hour days. In 1948, they harvested over 8,000 centners of grain, a feat for which Sergey was awarded the Order of Lenin and his son the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.
Answer: According to this passage, Gorbachev's round trip walking commute to school was 24 miles per week. He walked 12 miles each way and travelled to and from school only once per week.
Question: Which is a bird or fish: Black-necked grebe, Black tetra
Answer: Black tetra is a fish, Black-necked grebe is a bird
Question: What is the sign of the kiwi
Evidence: The Sign of the Kiwi, originally called Toll House, is a small café and shop at Dyers Pass on the road between Christchurch and Governors Bay. It was built in 1916–17 by Harry Ell as a staging post and opened as a tearoom and rest house. It has a Category I heritage classification by Heritage New Zealand and is a popular destination for tourists and locals alike. The building was closed some time after the 22 February 2011 Christchurch earthquake and did not open again until 23 January 2017, six years later. Although located within the burned area, the building was not damaged by the 2017 Port Hills fires a month later.

Historical context

Harry Ell in October 1914
Harry Ell was a Member of Parliament (1899–1919) and a Christchurch City Councillor (1903 and 1917–1919). He devoted much of his life to the conservation of bush remnants on the Port Hills on Banks Peninsula, and a key element in his scheme was to make the area accessible to the public. To that end, he proposed a Summit Road that would go along the hilltops, connecting Godley Head with the tops above Akaroa. Whilst most of the public believed that the scenic reserves to be formed were too remote, Ell had a way with landowners and organised some government funding. His usual style was to pay a deposit for land, with the remainder to be raised later. In 1909, he decided to form a Summit Road Scenic Reserve Board to help with the task of establishing his dream, but there was tension over their scope. The board wanted to have influence on policy, but Ell regarded them as a mere fund-raising body. By 1915, Ell had secured 23 reserves in the Port Hills by buying private land, and none of these projects had the board's prior approval.

By the 1930s, the road had been surveyed as far south as the saddle above Pigeon Bay.

Rest houses were envisaged at regular intervals. The first to be built was the Sign of the Bellbird at Kennedy's Bush in 1914. This was the location of the first scenic reserve that Ell managed to get established in 1906. The Sign of the Packhorse, a smaller house on top of the Kaituna Saddle, was the second one to be established in 1916. The Sign of the Kiwi was the third rest house built by Ell. The Sign of the Takahe was the remaining house to be built.
Answer: Originally called Toll House, The Sign of the Kiwi is a small cafe and shop on Dyers Pass between Christchurch and Governors Bay. The building was closed sometime after February 22, 2011, Christchurch earthquake and was reopened on January 23, 2017, six years later.

Harry Ell was a Member of Parliament and Christchurch City Councilor. He devoted most of his life to preserving the scrub remnants of Port Hills on the Banks Peninsula, and one of the critical elements of his plan was to make the area accessible to the public. While most people believed that the natural reserves to be created were far away, Ell had a way with the landowners and organized some government funds. In 1909, he decided to make a Summit Road Scenic Conservation Board to aid in his mission to fulfill his dream, but there needed to be more tension over their scope.
Question: What is the difference between an electric field and gravitational field?
Evidence: The concept of the electric field was introduced by Michael Faraday. An electric field is created by a charged body in the space that surrounds it, and results in a force exerted on any other charges placed within the field. The electric field acts between two charges in a similar manner to the way that the gravitational field acts between two masses, and like it, extends towards infinity and shows an inverse square relationship with distance. However, there is an important difference. Gravity always acts in attraction, drawing two masses together, while the electric field can result in either attraction or repulsion. Since large bodies such as planets generally carry no net charge, the electric field at a distance is usually zero. Thus gravity is the dominant force at distance in the universe, despite being much weaker.
An electric field generally varies in space and its strength at any one point is defined as the force (per unit charge) that would be felt by a stationary, negligible charge if placed at that point. The conceptual charge, termed a 'test charge', must be vanishingly small to prevent its own electric field disturbing the main field and must also be stationary to prevent the effect of magnetic fields. As the electric field is defined in terms of force, and force is a vector, having both magnitude and direction, so it follows that an electric field is a vector field.
The study of electric fields created by stationary charges is called electrostatics. The field may be visualised by a set of imaginary lines whose direction at any point is the same as that of the field. This concept was introduced by Faraday, whose term 'lines of force' still sometimes sees use. The field lines are the paths that a point positive charge would seek to make as it was forced to move within the field; they are however an imaginary concept with no physical existence, and the field permeates all the intervening space between the lines. Field lines emanating from stationary charges have several key properties: first, that they originate at positive charges and terminate at negative charges; second, that they must enter any good conductor at right angles, and third, that they may never cross nor close in on themselves.
Answer: The electric field acts between two charges in a similar manner to the way that the gravitational field acts between two masses, and like it, extends towards infinity and shows an inverse square relationship with distance. However, there is an important difference. Gravity always acts in attraction, drawing two masses together, while the electric field can result in either attraction or repulsion.
Question: What were some historical reasons for the invention of pad thai?
Answer: The dish was invented in part to help Thailand develop a national identity, and also to promote consumption of noodles to alleviate rice shortages during world war 2.
Question: What is AWS ECS?
Answer: Amazon Elastic Container Service (ECS) is a highly scalable, high performance container management service that supports Docker containers and allows you to easily run applications on a managed cluster of Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instances.
Question: Given this paragraph how much do Beavers weigh?
Evidence: Beavers (genus Castor) are large, semiaquatic rodents of the Northern Hemisphere. There are two existing species: the North American beaver (Castor canadensis) and the Eurasian beaver (C. fiber). Beavers are the second-largest living rodents, after capybaras, weighing up to 30 kilograms (66 lb). Beavers have stout bodies with large heads, long chisel-like incisors, brown or gray fur, hand-like front feet, webbed back feet, and tails that are flat and scaly. The two species differ in skull and tail shape and fur color. Beavers can be found in a number of freshwater habitats, such as rivers, streams, lakes and ponds. They are herbivorous, consuming tree bark, aquatic plants, grasses and sedges.
Answer: Up to 30 kilograms or 66 pounds
Question: What are ten places I should eat in Paris?
Answer: Ten places you should eat at in Paris are:
- Les Enfants du Marche
- Le Bistrot Paul Bert
- Table
- Parcelles
- Sur Mer
- Restaurant A.T.
- La Tour d'Argent
- Chez Nous
- Le Baratin
- L'avant Comptoir de la Terre
Question: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Carimbo, Gusle
Answer: Carimbo is percussion, Gusle is string.
Question: Jot down some important points about optical illusion from the given passage.
Evidence: In visual perception, an optical illusion (also called a visual illusion ) is an illusion caused by the visual
system and characterized by a visual percept that arguably appears to differ from reality. Illusions come
in a wide variety; their categorization is difficult because the underlying cause is often not clear but a
classification proposed by Richard Gregory is useful as an orientation. According to that, there are three
main classes: physical, physiological, and cognitive illusions, and in each class there are four kinds:
Ambiguities, distortions, paradoxes, and fictions. A classical example for a physical distortion would be
the apparent bending of a stick half immerged in water; an example for a physiological paradox is
the motion aftereffect (where, despite movement, position remains unchanged). An example for a
physiological fiction is an afterimage. Three typical cognitive distortions are the  Ponzo , Poggendorff,
and Müller-Lyer illusion. Physical illusions are caused by the physical environment, e.g. by the optical
properties of water. Physiological illusions arise in the eye or the visual pathway, e.g. from the effects of
excessive stimulation of a specific receptor type.   Cognitive visual illusions are the result of unconscious
inferences and are perhaps those most widely known.
Answer: 1. Visual Illusion is caused by the visual system and characterized by a visual percept that appears
to be different from reality.
2. According to Richard Gregory a classification proposed by him is useful as an orientation that,
there are three main classes: physical, physiological, and cognitive illusions, and in each class
there are four kinds: Ambiguities, distortions, paradoxes, and fictions.
3. An example for a physical distortion would be the apparent bending of a stick half immerged in
water; an example for a physiological paradox is the motion aftereffect (where, despite
movement, position remains unchanged). 
4. An example for a physiological fiction is an afterimage
5. Three cognitive distortions are the  Ponzo , Poggendorff, and Müller-Lyer illusion.
6. Physical illusions are caused by the physical environment, e.g. by the optical properties of
water. Physiological illusions arise in the eye or the visual pathway.
7. The most widely know illusion is visual illusions which are the result of unconscious inferences.
Question: Do they argue that all words can be derived from other (elementary) words?
Evidence: In order to understand what INLINEFORM0 is, we need to understand the mathematics of grammar. The study of the mathematical structure of grammar has indicated that the fundamental things making up sentences are not the words, but some atomic grammatical types, such as the noun-type and the sentence-type BIBREF23 , BIBREF24 , BIBREF25 . The transitive verb-type is not an atomic grammatical type, but a composite made up of two noun-types and one sentence-type. Hence, particularly interesting here is that atomic doesn't really mean smallest...
The study of the mathematical structure of grammar has indicated that the fundamental things making up sentences are not the words, but some atomic grammatical types, such as the noun-type and the sentence-type BIBREF23 , BIBREF24 , BIBREF25 . The transitive verb-type is not an atomic grammatical type, but a composite made up of two noun-types and one sentence-type. Hence, particularly interesting here is that atomic doesn't really mean smallest...
Answer: No.
Question: Classify each of the following Hogwarts students in the houses Gryffindor, Hufflepuff, Ravenclaw, and Slytherin: Harry Potter, Hermione Granger, Neville Longbottom, Ronald Weasley, Fred Weasley, George Weasley, Percy Weasley, Charles Weasley, Ginny Weasley, Seamus Finnigan, Oliver Wood, Angelina Johnson, Alicia Spinnet, Katie Bell, Andrew Kirke, Jack Sloper, Demelza Robins, Dean Thomas,  Cedric Diggory, Zacharias Smith, Ernie Macmillan, Hannah Abbott, Justin Finch-Fletchley, Susan Bones, Zacharias Smith, Luna Lovegood, Marcus Belby, Cho Chang, Myrtle Warren, Padma Patil, Terry Boot, Michael Corner, Roger Davies, Anthony Goldstein, Marietta Edgecombe, Robert Hilliard, Penelope Clearwater, Lisa Turpin, Morag MacDougal, Mandy Brocklehurst, Nanette Desford, Maria Glossop, Millicent Bagnold, Sue Li, Ignatia Wildsmith, Chester Davies, Tulip Karasu, Badeea Ali, Talbott Winger, Andre Egwu, Adelaide Murton, Adrian Pucey, Aesop Sharp, Barnaby Lee, Blaise Zabini, Felix Rosier, Gemma Farley, Ismelda Murk, Liz Tuttle, Marcus Flint, Merula Snyde, Millicent Bulstrode, Pansy Parkinson, Terence Higgs, Tracey Davis, Tom Riddle, Viola Richmond, Yatin Bhagat, Yurika Haneda, Zoe Accrington, Zubeida Khan
Answer: The Gryffindor students are: Harry Potter, Hermione Granger, Neville Longbottom, Ronald Weasley, Fred Weasley, George Weasley, Percy Weasley, Charles Weasley, Ginny Weasley, Seamus Finnigan, Oliver Wood, Angelina Johnson, Alicia Spinnet, Katie Bell, Andrew Kirke, Jack Sloper, Demelza Robins, Dean Thomas.

The Hufflepuff students are: Cedric Diggory, Zacharias Smith, Ernie Macmillan, Hannah Abbott, Justin Finch-Fletchley, Susan Bones, Zacharias Smith 

The Ravenclaw students are: Luna Lovegood, Marcus Belby, Cho Chang, Myrtle Warren, Padma Patil, Terry Boot, Michael Corner, Roger Davies, Anthony Goldstein, Marietta Edgecombe, Robert Hilliard, Penelope Clearwater, Lisa Turpin, Morag MacDougal, Mandy Brocklehurst, Nanette Desford, Maria Glossop, Millicent Bagnold, Sue Li, Ignatia Wildsmith, Chester Davies, Tulip Karasu, Badeea Ali, Talbott Winger, Andre Egwu

The Slytherin students are: Adelaide Murton, Adrian Pucey, Aesop Sharp, Barnaby Lee, Blaise Zabini, Felix Rosier, Gemma Farley, Ismelda Murk, Liz Tuttle, Marcus Flint, Merula Snyde, Millicent Bulstrode, Pansy Parkinson, Terence Higgs, Tracey Davis, Tom Riddle, Viola Richmond, Yatin Bhagat, Yurika Haneda, Zoe Accrington, Zubeida Khan
Question: What is an ATV?
Answer: An ATV typically refers to an all-terrain vehicle which can take many forms.  The most popular ATV consists of a 4 wheel motorized vehicle which has large low-pressure tires and can carry one or two riders that straddle a seat like a motor cycle.  They are highly maneuverable and often a joy to ride.  Other types of vehicles can be described as ATVs as well.  These include off-road vehicles such as SUVs, Jeeps, buggies and motorcycles with large wheels that can navigate through a variety of difficult terrain much easier that other forms of transportation.