DataHammer/scimrc huggingface dataset:
Question: What are their main innovations?
Evidence: In this work we present an ensemble classifier that is detecting hate-speech in short text, such as tweets. The input to the base-classifiers consists of not only the standard word uni-grams, but also a set of features describing each user's historical tendency to post abusive messages. Our main innovations are: i) a deep learning architecture that uses word frequency vectorisation for implementing the above features, ii) an experimental evaluation of the above model on a public dataset of labeled tweets, iii) an open-sourced implementation built on top of Keras.
The results show that our approach outperforms the current state of the art, and to the best of our knowledge, no other model has achieved better performance in classifying short messages. The approach does not rely on pre-trained vectors, which provides a serious advantage when dealing with short messages of this kind. More specifically, users will often prefer to obfuscate their offensive terms using shorter slang words or create new words by `inventive' spelling and word concatenation. For instance, the word `Islamolunatic' is not available in the popular pre-trained word embeddings (Word2Vec or GloVe), even though it appears with a rather high frequency in racist postings. Hence, word frequency vectorization is preferable to the pre-trained word embeddings used in prior works if one aims to build a language-agnostic solution.
We believe that deep learning models have a high potential wrt. classifying text or analyzing the sentiment in general. In our opinion there is still space for further improving the classification algorithms.
For future work we plan to investigate other sources of information that can be utilized to detect hateful messages. In addition, we intend to generalize the output received in the current experiment, with evaluation over other datasets, including analyzing texts written in different languages.
Our main innovations are: i) a deep learning architecture that uses word frequency vectorisation for implementing the above features, ii) an experimental evaluation of the above model on a public dataset of labeled tweets, iii) an open-sourced implementation built on top of Keras.
Answer: i) a deep learning architecture that uses word frequency vectorisation for implementing the above features, ii) an experimental evaluation of the above model on a public dataset of labeled tweets, iii) an open-sourced implementation built on top of Keras.
Question: What are recommendations for some European cities to visit.
Answer: Berlin, Amsterdam and Vienna are all considered great European vacation spots to visit.
Question: What is renal compensation?
Evidence: Renal compensation is a mechanism by which the kidneys can regulate the plasma pH. It is slower than respiratory compensation, but has a greater ability to restore normal values. Kidneys maintain the acid-base balance through two mechanisms,- the secretion of H+ ions and the reabsorption of bicarbonate HCO3 from urine which is then released into the blood. The regulation of H+ ions and bicarbonate HCO3 is determined by the concentration of the two released within the urine. These mechanisms of secretion and reabsorption balance the pH of the bloodstream. A restored acid-base balanced bloodstream thus leads to a restored acid-base balance throughout the entire body.
Answer: Renal compensation is the mechanism that the kidneys use to regulate plasma pH. It is a slower process than respiratory compensation, but increases the body's ability to restore normal values.
Question: How big is data provided by this research?
Evidence: For training, we aggregated (query, image) pairs using the region descriptions from the VG dataset and referring expressions from the ReferIt dataset. Our VG training set consists of 85% of the data: 16k images and 740k corresponding region descriptions. The Referit training data consists of 9k images and 54k referring expressions.
Our VG training set consists of 85% of the data: 16k images and 740k corresponding region descriptions.
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* 16k images and 740k corresponding region descriptions
Question: Tell me which of the following activities are types of workouts: walking, running, weightlifting, HIIT, cardio, yoga, sleeping, sitting at your chair, standing, looking into the distance, watching TV.
Answer: Working out typically involves movement of the body and muscles. it often involves the stretching or contracting of muscles and can have a change in heart rate. Walking, running, weightlifting, HIIT, and cardio, and yoga are different types of workouts.
Question: what is more soothing - greenery or water bodies
Answer: There is no one right answer to this. It depends. No ones finds rough ocean or windy tree soothing. Some people like still water bodies especially when big, it gives a sense that despite being enormous (ocean, lakes), there is calmness behind it. Just because you are calm does not mean you are weak. People find still water relaxing. On the other hand, nature with greenery everywhere , like spring season gives a good feeling. Winters are chilly with shedded tree and no colors, whereas when spring starts, you see fresh green leaves everywhere, the temperature improves, nature looks more colorful. This brings in happy feeling to people. The sounds of birds, small water canals, and gentle wind from the trees, brings distraction in a good way for people used to living in cities surrounded by tall buildings, noise and traffic. This is one of the reason why climate change is increasingly becoming a hot topic
Question: Give me a bulleted list of movie ideas.
Answer: - The President of the United States and a gorilla become best friends. The gorilla lives in the White House and causes all sorts of scandals. Eventually the American people learn to love the gorilla and elect him as the next president.
- An undercover cop gets has a great idea for an invention (a voice box that makes you talk in an accent). He tries to get his idea patented and marketed all while not blowing his cover.
- A war movie where everyone in a platoon deserts together and goes and starts a new community on an isolated island.
Question: What is the fastest or speediest animal?
Answer: The fastest or speediest animal is the peregrine falcon. The peregrine falcon can achieve speeds of 242 mph (389 km/h) in a dive. However the fastest land animal is the cheetah. The cheetah can achieve speeds of 75 mph (120 km/h)
Question: What are the main components of Apache Kafka?
Answer: Apache Kafka is a distributed system that is composed of several components. The main components of Apache Kafka are:
- Topics: A topic is a category or feed name to which producers can send messages and read by consumers. It’s append-only and immutable. Consumers can use an offset to track read messages.
- Brokers: A Kafka cluster is composed of one or more brokers that manage the storage of messages in topics and serve as intermediaries between producers and consumers.
- Producers: Applications that produce data and publish it to one or more topics in a Kafka cluster. They control how events are assigned to partitions within a topic.
- Consumers: Applications that subscribe to one or more topics and consume published messages. The only metadata retained on a per-consumer basis is the offset or position of that consumer in a topic. This offset is controlled by the consumer.
- Partitions: Kafka uses partitions to split a topic's messages across multiple brokers for scalability and performance. Events with the same event key, such as the same customer identifier or vehicle ID, are written to the same partition, and Kafka guarantees that any consumer of a given topic partition will always read that partition’s events in exactly the same order as they were written.
- Replication: Multiple brokers always have a copy of the data to guarantee high availability and fault tolerance. This replication is performed at the topic partition level.
Question: Which one of these do not belong to the group:  Feeling, Joy, Anxiety, Anger, Sorrow
Answer: Feeling is the odd one out, the other terms are specific emotions.
Question: Why do people fly on airplanes?
Answer: People fly on airplanes to go between places faster.  Driving is an alternative to flying but when time is an issue flying is the quickest way to get to your destination.  Flying is also necessary when you need to get to an island or another continent which is not attached to the continent where you live.  Taking a boat may be too costly and long in some cases even if you don't like flying.  Flying is used to take trips, visit family and friends, meeting new people, interacting with co-workers, and sight-seeing.
Question: What is the oldest musical composition in the world?
Answer: The Seikilos Epitaph is the oldest musical composition in the world.
Question: Do they look for inconsistencies between different languages' annotations in UniMorph?
Evidence: Because our conversion rules are interpretable, we identify shortcomings in both resources, using each as validation for the other. We were able to find specific instances of incorrectly applied UniMorph annotation, as well as specific instances of cross-lingual inconsistency in both resources. These findings will harden both resources and better align them with their goal of universal, cross-lingual annotation.
Because our conversion rules are interpretable, we identify shortcomings in both resources, using each as validation for the other. We were able to find specific instances of incorrectly applied UniMorph annotation, as well as specific instances of cross-lingual inconsistency in both resources.
Answer: Yes.
Question: What is the alternative way presented in this paper?
Evidence: Even though machine translation has improved considerably with the advent of neural machine translation (NMT) BIBREF0 , BIBREF1 , the translation of pronouns remains a major issue. They are notoriously hard to translate since they often require context outside the current sentence.
As an example, consider the sentences in Figure FIGREF1 . In both languages, there is a pronoun in the second sentence that refers to the European Central Bank. When the second sentence is translated from English to German, the translation of the pronoun it is ambiguous. This ambiguity can only be resolved with context awareness: if a translation system has access to the previous English sentence, the previous German translation, or both, it can determine the antecedent the pronoun refers to. In this German sentence, the antecedent Europäische Zentralbank dictates the feminine gender of the pronoun sie.
It is unfortunate, then, that current NMT systems generally operate on the sentence level BIBREF2 , BIBREF3 , BIBREF4 . Documents are translated sentence-by-sentence for practical reasons, such as line-based processing in a pipeline and reduced computational complexity. Furthermore, improvements of larger-context models over baselines in terms of document-level metrics such as BLEU or RIBES have been moderate, so that their computational overhead does not seem justified, and so that it is hard to develop more effective context-aware architectures and empirically validate them.
To address this issue, we present an alternative way of evaluating larger-context models on a test set that allows to specifically measure a model's capability to correctly translate pronouns. The test suite consists of pairs of source and target sentences, in combination with contrastive translation variants (for evaluation by model scoring) and additional linguistic and contextual information (for further analysis). The resource is freely available. Additionally, we evaluate several context-aware models that have recently been proposed in the literature on this test set, and extend existing models with parameter tying.
The main contributions of our paper are:
Section SECREF2 explains how our paper relates to existing work on context-aware models and the evaluation of pronoun translation. Section SECREF3 describes our test suite. The context-aware models we use in our experiments are detailed in Section SECREF4 . We discuss our experiments in Section SECREF5 and the results in Section SECREF6 .
To address this issue, we present an alternative way of evaluating larger-context models on a test set that allows to specifically measure a model's capability to correctly translate pronouns.
Answer: The alternative way of evaluating larger-context models on a test set that allows to specifically measuring a model's capability to correctly translate pronouns.
Question: Which sports offer championship belts to their winners?
Evidence: A championship belt is a large, extravagantly designed belt used primarily in combat sports such as boxing, mixed martial arts, and professional wrestling to signify the champions of the promotion or company, much like a cup or trophy in other sports. There are several companies in the business of constructing championship belts.
Answer: Championship belts are usually awarded in combat sports, which include boxing, mixed martial arts, and professional wrestling. The belts are used to designate the champions of the promotion or the company.
Question: In Table 2, what if the hyper-parameter lambda varies exponentially?
Evidence: As mentioned that the hyper-parameter λ can balance the weight of personalization and generalization in several state-of-the-art PFL algorithms, we also conduct experiments to compare the performance of our CGPFL and CGPFL-Heur with a typical PFL algorithm, pFedMe (T Dinh et al., 2020), on different values of λ. Specifically, the range of λ is properly chosen to avoid that divergence occurs in pFedMe. The experimental results in Table show that our methods can constantly achieve better performance than pFedMe despite λ varies, which demonstrates that CGPFL can constantly reach better personalization-generalization trade-off against the state-of-the-art PFL methods.
As mentioned that the hyper-parameter λ can balance the weight of personalization and generalization in several state-of-the-art PFL algorithms (T Dinh et al., 2020; Hanzely et al., 2020; Li et al., 2021), we also conduct experiments to compare the performance of our CGPFL and CGPFL-Heur with a typical PFL algorithm, pFedMe (T Dinh et al., 2020), on different values of λ. Specifically, the range of λ is properly chosen to avoid that divergence occurs in pFedMe. The experimental results in Table 2 show that our methods can constantly achieve better performance than pFedMe despite λ varies, which demonstrates that CGPFL can constantly reach better personalization-generalization trade-off against the state-of-the-art PFL methods.
Answer: As regard to the hyperparameter λ in Table 2, we explain in Section 5.4 that the range λ is properly chosen to avoid that divergence occurs in pFedMe. We find that when the other hyperparameters are fixed, both too small and too large λ can cause the divergence of pFedMe. So the chosen range is almost the largest one.
Question: What does BMW stand for?
Answer: Bayerische Motoren Werke
Question: Is plastic bad for us?
Answer: Have you ever thought about where your plastic water bottles go? It probably ends up in a landfill, where it will decompose for over 1000 years as it deposits toxic chemicals. Plastic is an invention that has done more harm than good. There are about 363,762,732,605 pounds of plastic covering the earth. Most of this plastic can’t be recycled. Although people think it is too expensive or inconvenient to get rid of plastics, we should reduce the amount of plastic used or increase the price of plastics. One reason is that when plastic invades a balanced ecosystem, it corrupts it completely. The marine biome is one that is affected by this product. The animals in the ocean die of suffocation, ingestion of plastics, and entanglement. The animals affected are seagulls, whales, seals, fish, and turtles, and that's just a few. The animals eat so much plastic that they die of constipation from it. Another reason is the presence of microplastics in food and people. About 99% of fish have microplastics in their stomachs, livers, and filets (the meat of fish). Approximately 80% of cows have microplastics in their meat and milk. A good point is that mealworms and waxworms are studied to digest plastics, and they should be added to landfills to break down plastics. There are about 50,000 particles of plastic in an adult person, and this number is rising fast. Third, most plastic is littered. There are about 10 million tons of plastic litter every year. Every week, you ingest about a credit card's worth of plastic. There are about 44 million pounds of plastic that are produced that is very deadly to the environment."The plastic in the environment is in your water, food, and body. These plastics should not be there; they can lead to cancer, according to a recent study. We need to stop using plastic in our lives. Some ways we can reduce the amount of plastic on earth are by using sustainable materials such as wood, plant fibers, and mushroom styrofoam. We can also try to buy recyclable plastics that have a triangle formed by three cycling arrows. Use a tote bag instead of a plastic one, or a metal and glass straw instead of a plastic one. You can also use a metal cutlery kit instead of plastic. These are all ways you can make a difference in your everyday life.
Question: Given this paragraph about the history of the marathon, who won the first official olympic marathon.
Evidence: When the modern Olympics began in 1896, the initiators and organizers were looking for a great popularizing event, recalling the glory of ancient Greece. The idea of a marathon race came from Michel Bréal, who wanted the event to feature in the first modern Olympic Games in 1896 in Athens. This idea was heavily supported by Pierre de Coubertin, the founder of the modern Olympics, as well as by the Greeks. The Greeks staged a selection race for the Olympic marathon on 22 March 1896 (Gregorian) that was won by Charilaos Vasilakos in 3 hours and 18 minutes (with the future winner of the introductory Olympic Games marathon, Spyridon "Spyros" Louis, coming in fifth at a second race two weeks later). The winner of the first Olympic marathon, on 10 April 1896 (a male-only race), was Spyridon Louis, a Greek water-carrier, in 2 hours 58 minutes and 50 seconds. The marathon of the 2004 Summer Olympics was run on the traditional route from Marathon to Athens, ending at Panathinaiko Stadium, the venue for the 1896 Summer Olympics. That men's marathon was won by Italian Stefano Baldini in 2 hours 10 minutes and 55 seconds, a record time for this route until the non-Olympics Athens Classic Marathon of 2014, when Felix Kandie lowered the course record to 2 hours 10 minutes and 37 seconds.
Answer: Spyridon Louis was the first winner of the Olympic Marathon on 10 April 1896.
Question: Tell me something about the Dog Man comic
Answer: Dog Man is a comic book series authored by Dav Pilkey, the creator of Captain Underpants. The main character is a half-man half dog policeman. Together with a few good friends, including a cat kid, a robot, a journalist, and another policeman, they defeat various powerful villains collaboratively.
Question: Why do people travel to Puerto Rico?
Answer: Puerto Rico is an island in the Caribbean. Many travelers enjoy visiting the beach to relax or participate in water sports like surfing or jet skiing. Some enjoy visiting El Yunque, the only tropical rainforest in the U.S. National Park system. Others like to see old colonial architecture, such as forts like El Morro.
Question: Based on the following paragraph, list the weather conditions associated with summer around the world.
Evidence: Summer is traditionally associated with hot or warm weather. In Mediterranean climates, it is also associated with dry weather, while in other places (particularly in Eastern Asia because of the monsoon) it is associated with rainy weather. The wet season is the main period of vegetation growth within the savanna climate regime. Where the wet season is associated with a seasonal shift in the prevailing winds, it is known as a monsoon.
In the northern Atlantic Ocean, a distinct tropical cyclone season occurs from 1 June to 30 November. The statistical peak of the Atlantic hurricane season is 10 September. The Northeast Pacific Ocean has a broader period of activity, but in a similar timeframe to the Atlantic. The Northwest Pacific sees tropical cyclones year-round, with a minimum in February and March and a peak in early September. In the North Indian basin, storms are most common from April to December, with peaks in May and November. In the Southern Hemisphere, the tropical cyclone season runs from the start of November until the end of April with peaks in mid-February to early March.
Thunderstorm season in the United States and Canada runs in the spring through summer but sometimes can run as late as October or even November in the fall. These storms can produce hail, strong winds and tornadoes, usually during the afternoon and evening.
Answer: 1. Summer is traditionally associated with hot or warm weather. 
2. In Mediterranean climates, it is also associated with dry weather. 
3. In Eastern Asia because of the monsoon, it is associated with rainy weather.
Question: What is CAP theorem in computer science?
Evidence: In theoretical computer science, the CAP theorem, also named Brewer's theorem after computer scientist Eric Brewer, states that any distributed data store can provide only two of the following three guarantees:

Consistency
Every read receives the most recent write or an error.
Availability
Every request receives a (non-error) response, without the guarantee that it contains the most recent write.
Partition tolerance
The system continues to operate despite an arbitrary number of messages being dropped (or delayed) by the network between nodes.
When a network partition failure happens, it must be decided whether to do one of the following:

cancel the operation and thus decrease the availability but ensure consistency
proceed with the operation and thus provide availability but risk inconsistency.

Thus, if there is a network partition, one has to choose between consistency or availability. Note that consistency as defined in the CAP theorem is quite different from the consistency guaranteed in ACID database transactions.

Eric Brewer argues that the often-used "two out of three" concept can be somewhat misleading because system designers need only to sacrifice consistency or availability in the presence of partitions, but that in many systems partitions are rare.
Answer: The CAP theorem, also named Brewer's theorem, states that distributed data stores can provide only two of three guarantees: consistency, availability, and partition tolerance. When a network partition fails, it must be decided whether to cancel the operation or proceed with the operation. Eric Brewer argues that the "two out of three" concept can be misleading.
Question: What are some iconic Renaissance period artists?
Answer: The Renaissance period had a lot of iconic artists. The following are some of the most iconic:

- Donatello (1386-1466). Born in Florence, he studied classical sculpture and used this to develop a complete Renaissance style in sculpture.
- Sandro Boticelli (1445-1510). His paintings have been seen to represent the linear grace of late Italian Gothic and some Early Renaissance painting, even though they date from the latter half of the Italian Renaissance period.
- Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519). He was an Italian polymath of the High Renaissance who was active as a painter, draughtsman, engineer, scientist, theorist, sculptor, and architect.
- Michelangelo (1475-1564). He was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect and poet of the High Renaissance. 
- Raphael (1483-1520). Raphael was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance.
- Caravaggio (1571-1610). Caravaggio was an Italian painter active in Rome for most of his artistic life.