DataHammer/scimrc huggingface dataset:
Question: How many runs are performed before stopping?
Evidence: The generators were implemented using the TensorFlow library BIBREF31 and trained with training, validation and testing ratio as 3:1:1. The hidden layer size, beam size were set to be 80 and 10, respectively, and the generators were trained with a $70\%$ of dropout rate. We performed 5 runs with different random initialization of the network and the training is terminated by using early stopping. We then chose a model that yields the highest BLEU score on the validation set as shown in Table 2 . Since the trained models can differ depending on the initialization, we also report the results which were averaged over 5 randomly initialized networks. Note that, except the results reported in Table 2 , all the results shown were averaged over 5 randomly initialized networks. We set $\lambda $ to 1000 to severely discourage the reranker from selecting utterances which contain either redundant or missing slots. For each DA, we over-generated 20 candidate sentences and selected the top 5 realizations after reranking. Moreover, in order to better understand the effectiveness of our proposed methods, we: (i) performed an ablation experiments to demonstrate the contribution of each proposed cells (Tables 2 , 3 ), (ii) trained the models on the Laptop domain with varied proportion of training data, starting from $10\%$ to $100\%$ (Figure 3 ), (iii) trained general models by merging all the data from four domains together and tested them in each individual domain (Figure 4 ), and (iv) trained adaptation models on merging data from restaurant and hotel domains, then fine tuned the model on laptop domain with varied amount of adaptation data (Figure 5 ).
We performed 5 runs with different random initialization of the network and the training is terminated by using early stopping.
Answer: They performed 5 runs with different random initialization of the network.
Question: Please give a summary of the type of recordings Spalding made by year.
Evidence: During the 78 era, when the maximum capacity of a single ordinary record side or cylinder was less than five minutes, Spalding recorded extensively for Edison Records, with some issues on cylinders and many more on diamond discs. Most featured short works or encore pieces that could fit on a single record side. These recordings were all by the acoustical process, as well as vertically-cut, through 1925, but he made his first electrical recordings in 1926 for Brunswick Records using that company's problematic "Light-Ray" system. After his unsatisfactory experience with Brunswick, Spalding went back to Edison and made some electrical Edison hill-and-dale Diamond Discs as well as a very few Edison "Needle Cut" lateral recordings in late 1928. These were much better recorded than Spalding's Brunswicks, but the Diamond Discs sold as scantily as the rest of Edison's product in that period, and the "Needle-Cut" discs were issued only for a very short time—from August to November 1929—and are exceedingly rare today. Following the Edison company's demise in November 1929, he recorded a handful of more extended works broken across multiple sides for RCA Victor Records.
Answer: 1925: Vertically-cut acoustic recordings
1926: First electrical recordings for Brunswick Records
1928: Electrical recordings using Edison hill-and-dale Diamond Discs and "Needle Cut" recordings.
Question: Summarize Jacque Fresco's early life based on this passage.
Evidence: Jacque Fresco was born on March 13, 1916, and grew up in a Sephardi Jewish household, at the family's home in Bensonhurst, in the Brooklyn borough of New York City. Fresco's father was an agriculturist born in Constantinople (now Istanbul, Turkey), while his mother Lena was an emigrant from Jerusalem. He later turned his attention to technocracy. A teenager during the Great Depression, he spent time with friends discussing Charles Darwin, Albert Einstein, science, and the future. Fresco attended the Young Communist League before being "physically ejected" for loudly stating that "Karl Marx was wrong!" after a discussion with the league president during a meeting. He left home at the age of 14, hitchhiking and "jumping" trains as one of the so-called "Wild Boys of the Road".
Answer: Jacque Fresco was born into a Jewish home in Brooklyn in 1916. His teenage years coincided with the Great Depression where he spent his time discussing historically notable thinkers with his friends, such as Albert Einstein and Charles Darwin. He was involved in youth communist groups but eventually left over ideological disputes. He eventually became one of the "Wild Boys of the Road" when 14 and left behind his home.
Question: Put yourself in the place of a consumer who is considering the purchase of a new car. What sources of information would you use to evaluate your options during ZMOT (Zero moment of truth)?
Answer: Car brand websites: 

After deciding on a car category (compact SUV), I would visit the different car brand websites to understand the offering. I would start comparing the car's various attributes, like engine/battery power, mileage/range, colors, upgrade options, safety features, etc., from the website. 

YouTube reviews: 

I would watch a few car review video guides on YouTube to speed up the car-buying process and narrow down the list to a few options. 

Price estimates: 

Once I narrowed it down to a few options, I would obtain a price estimate by sourcing information from KBB.com or TrueCar.com.  

Check dealer inventory & quotes: 

With a price estimate, I would start contacting the dealers or configure to price (for Tesla). Alternatively, I would keep checking the dealer’s inventory to see if there is an overstock of a particular car color/model for which I can get a better deal.
Question: Why is biathlon a challenging sport?
Answer: Biathlon requires two very different skills from athletes. First, they need to be fast on skis, hence their heart rate will go high. But second, they also need to be very precise at shooting, hence be able to lower their heart rate very fast. Having both skills and being able to transition from high intensity to very low intensity activities fast is extremely challenging.
Question: In the series, A Song of Ice and Fire, who is the founder of House Yew?
Answer: Alan o' the Oak, also known as "the blind Bowman"
Question: Tell me some key points about Narmada river from the given text.
Evidence: The Narmada River, also called the Reva and previously also known as Narbada or anglicised as Nerbudda, is the 5th longest river and overall longest west-flowing river in India. It is also the largest flowing river in the state of Madhya Pradesh. This river flows through the states of Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat in India. It is also known as the "Life Line of Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat" due to its huge contribution to the two states in many ways. The Narmada River rises from the Amarkantak Plateau in Anuppur district Madhya Pradesh. It forms the traditional boundary between North India and South India and flows westwards over a length of 1,312 km (815.2 mi) before draining through the Gulf of Khambhat into the Arabian Sea, 30 km (18.6 mi) west of Bharuch city of Gujarat.
Answer: 1.The  Narmada is the largest flowing river in madhya pradesh.
2.The Narmada is also known as Rewa or Narbada.
3.It is also known as life line of madhya pradesh and Gujarat.
4.The Narmada rises from the Amarkantak (m.p.)and drain into Arabian sea through the gulf of khambat.
5. It flows westwards over a length of 1312 km & forms boundary between North India & South India.
Question: Can you help me avoid credit card debt?
Answer: Here are some strategies to avoid credit card debt:

1. Set a monthly spending budget and stay within it.
2. Always pay off your entire credit card bill each month.
3. Identify areas where you can reduce your spend (eating out, gifts, etc.)
Question: What are the top semiconductor companies?
Answer: 1. Intel
2. AMD
3. NVIDIA
4. Micron
5. Texas Instruments
6. Samsung
7. TSMC
8. Analog Devices
9. National Semiconductors 
10. Onsemi
Question: What is the best way to get from London to Paris.
Answer: To travel from London to Paris you have several options. You can fly from one of London's airports (Heathrow, Gatwick, Stansted or Luton) to Charles de Gaulle or Orly, you could drive crossing the channel from Dover to Calais by ferry or Eurotunnel. The best option is almost certainly to take the Eurostar train from London St Pancras International to Gare du Nord.
Question: What dataset is used for the task?
Evidence: We use two popular knowledge bases: WordNet BIBREF0 and Freebase BIBREF1 in this paper. Specifically, we use WN18 (a subset of WordNet) BIBREF24 and FB15K (a subset of Freebase) BIBREF2 since their text descriptions are easily publicly available. Table 1 lists statistics of the two datasets.
We use two popular knowledge bases: WordNet [Miller, 1995] and Freebase [Bollacker et al., 2008] in this paper. Specifically, we use WN18 (a subset of WordNet) [Bordes et al., 2014] and FB15K (a subset of Freebase) [Bordes et al., 2013] since their text descriptions are easily publicly avail- able.
Answer: WN18 (a subset of WordNet) [Bordes et al., 2014] and FB15K (a subset of Freebase) [Bordes et al., 2013]
Question: List the types of pasta that can be used to make carbonara
Evidence: Carbonara (Italian: [karboˈnaːra]) is a Roman pasta dish made with eggs, hard cheese, cured pork and black pepper. The dish took its modern form and name in the middle of the 20th century.

The cheese is usually Pecorino Romano, Parmigiano-Reggiano, or a combination of the two. Spaghetti is the most common pasta, but fettuccine, rigatoni, linguine, or bucatini are also used. Normally guanciale or pancetta are used for the meat component, but lardons of smoked bacon are a common substitute outside Italy.
Answer: Spaghetti, fettuccine, rigatoni, linguine, bucatini
Question: What is bicycling and why would someone do it?  Is bicycling healthy and joyful or is it painful and a waste of time?  How many bicycles should you have?  Which part of the world do you find the most people bicycling?
Answer: Bicycling is a form of human powered movement that typically involves sitting or standing on a machine with two wheels that can be propelled forward by using one's arms or legs.  The bicycle was invented in the early 1800 (1817) by a German inventor named Drais.  The early bicycles were built from wood and soon after used heavy steel for the frame and wheels.  These steel bikes were called Boneshakers because when you road on them you would feel every stone and bump through your bones.  Bicycling exists in nearly every corner of the world, on every continent and it is done by all people.  In many countries, bicycling is the primary mode of transportation for people, especially in urban settings.  Bicycling is also a professional sporting competition where men and women race against one another in large groups in front of cheering crowds.  Bicycling is a very efficient form of converting power generated by a human into forward motion.  While most humans can't run faster than 10 miles per hour for more than a few miles, humans can go much faster and often hundreds of miles when using a bicycle.  Because modern bicycles use pneumatic tires and have many gears, it is considered a very healthy form of exercise.  People who love bicycling often have many different bicycles for different conditions, such as dirt or gravel, pavement, snow and even sand.
Question: Can I make chocolate at home?
Answer: Making chocolate at home can be rewarding, but be prepared to spend a little money and a lot of time. The money goes to equipment and cocoa beans. For equipment, you will need a melanger (about $600)  to grind the beans and a tempering machine (about $400) to make the finished product. You will also need a silicone mat (about $20) and a hair dryer (about $30). But let's start at the beginning.

Buy between two and six pounds of fermented raw cocoa beans. There are a variety of retail importers you can find on the web. Choose a single variety or a blend that appeals to your taste in chocolate.

Sort the beans, removing broken beans, badly misshapen beans, and whatever foreign bodies may be present.

Roast the beans, two pounds at a time, at 350F for between 20 and 30 minutes, depending on your experience with the beans or by how they smell. They will smell like fresh brownies. Don't scorch them!

Let the beans cool.

Peel the beans. You can do this by hand - which I find produces a superior product - but be warned that this can take up to 6 hours per pound. Alternatively, you can purchase a winnower and use the hair dryer to blow out the skins. This approach is much faster, but leaves more skin and loses more bean fragments. Either way, weigh your final bean yield.

Get you melanger going. Use the hair dryer to get the grinding surfaces up to at least 120F. Add the beans a handful at a time. Help the melanger along if it gets stuck. Make sure the melanger is going steadily before leaving it unattended. When it gets going, it will flow well.

Run the melanger for 24 to 72 hours, again depending on your experience with the beans and your tastes. If trying a mix of beans, add the more robustly flavored beans early in the process and the more delicately flavored beans later. Give even the most delicate beans at least 8 hours. Add sugar to taste. The percentage of sugar by weight can vary from a few percent up to 30 percent. You may also add dried whole fat milk at this point, and other flavorings, like an inch or so of vanilla bean. Melange the sugar and other additives at least 8 more hours. The goal is to decrease the particle size below what can be detected by the  tongue. When done, decant into a silicone mat line baking pan. This is your untempered chocolate. it melts easily and tends to get crumbly as it ages. Which is why you will want to temper it.

Finally, follow the directions on your tempering machine, adding chunks of untempered chocolate as indicated. The liquid tempered chocolate can be used for fruit dipping or can be poured into molds for bars or shaped candies. Other additives can be included at this stage - nuts, nougat etc. Cool the results at room temperature for several hours before serving. Enjoy the results of your labor.
Question: Name famous French singers (all time).
Answer: Johnny Hallyday, Michel Sardou, Orelsan, Kendji, Lara Fabian, Jennifer, Charles Aznavour, Edith Piaf.
Question: Why are visualisations useful for communicating information?
Answer: There are several reasons that visualisations are useful for communicating information. One reason is that the messages we are trying to convey can often be based on large amounts of data. In this case, visualisations can provide a useful way of summarising the data to present significant patterns in an easily consumable manner. Another reason worth highlighting is that the choice of the right visualisations can direct the viewer to a conclusion, for example a heat-map might concentrate the viewers attention to a particular set of data points.
Question: What are the unofficial forms of written Norwegian ?
Evidence: As established by law and government policy, the two official forms of written Norwegian are Bokmål (literally 'book tongue') and Nynorsk ('new Norwegian'). The official Norwegian Language Council (Språkrådet) is responsible for regulating the two forms, and recommends the terms Norwegian Bokmål and Norwegian Nynorsk in English.[citation needed] Two other written forms without official status also exist. One, called Riksmål ('national language'), is today to a large extent the same language as Bokmål though somewhat closer to the Danish language. It is regulated by the unofficial Norwegian Academy, which translates the name as 'Standard Norwegian'. The other is Høgnorsk ('High Norwegian'), a more purist form of Nynorsk, which maintains the language in an original form as given by Ivar Aasen and rejects most of the reforms from the 20th century; this form has limited use.
Answer: - Riksmål
- Høgnorsk
Question: What are examples of endocrine disruptors?
Answer: BPA (bisphenol-A), phthalates, parabens and xenoestrogens are some examples of EDC's (endocrine disrupting chemicals).
Question: What are recommended things to do or have when adopting a puppy?
Answer: Adopting a puppy is a lot of fun, but can also be a lot of work.  The bare essentials will be necessary: food, water, and a living space for your puppy.  Many dog owners opt to have a crate for their puppy which can be a place where the puppy can sleep and be alone, away from outside stimuli.  Furthermore, many pet owners will also get pet insurance which can help cover any unforeseen medical issues or conditions outside of the normal vaccinations a puppy typically requires.  Recreational items are also highly encouraged.  Things like toys, treats, and collar with leash are highly recommended.  If you are aware of the upfront costs and requirements for raising a puppy, the experience will be a lot better for owners and the dog!
Question: Do they have any plans for future studies?
Evidence: In this work we present an ensemble classifier that is detecting hate-speech in short text, such as tweets. The input to the base-classifiers consists of not only the standard word uni-grams, but also a set of features describing each user's historical tendency to post abusive messages. Our main innovations are: i) a deep learning architecture that uses word frequency vectorisation for implementing the above features, ii) an experimental evaluation of the above model on a public dataset of labeled tweets, iii) an open-sourced implementation built on top of Keras.
The results show that our approach outperforms the current state of the art, and to the best of our knowledge, no other model has achieved better performance in classifying short messages. The approach does not rely on pre-trained vectors, which provides a serious advantage when dealing with short messages of this kind. More specifically, users will often prefer to obfuscate their offensive terms using shorter slang words or create new words by `inventive' spelling and word concatenation. For instance, the word `Islamolunatic' is not available in the popular pre-trained word embeddings (Word2Vec or GloVe), even though it appears with a rather high frequency in racist postings. Hence, word frequency vectorization is preferable to the pre-trained word embeddings used in prior works if one aims to build a language-agnostic solution.
We believe that deep learning models have a high potential wrt. classifying text or analyzing the sentiment in general. In our opinion there is still space for further improving the classification algorithms.
For future work we plan to investigate other sources of information that can be utilized to detect hateful messages. In addition, we intend to generalize the output received in the current experiment, with evaluation over other datasets, including analyzing texts written in different languages.
For future work we plan to investigate other sources of information that can be utilized to detect hateful messages. In addition, we intend to generalize the output received in the current experiment, with evaluation over other datasets, including analyzing texts written in different languages.
Answer: They plan to investigate other sources of information that can be utilized to detect hateful messages. In addition, they intend to generalize the output received in the current experiment, with evaluation over other datasets, including analyzing texts written in different languages.
Question: Based on this paragraph, where was the The Ford Telstar sold?
Evidence: The Ford Telstar is an automobile that was sold by Ford in Asia, Australasia and Africa, comparable in size to the European Ford Sierra and the North American Ford Tempo. It was progressively replaced by the Ford Mondeo. It was named after the Telstar satellite.
Answer: Asia, Australasia and Africa
Question: What is Penguin Books?
Evidence: Penguin Books is a British publishing house. It was co-founded in 1935 by Allen Lane with his brothers Richard and John, as a line of the publishers The Bodley Head, only becoming a separate company the following year. Penguin revolutionised publishing in the 1930s through its inexpensive paperbacks, sold through Woolworths and other stores for sixpence, bringing high-quality fiction and non-fiction to the mass market. Its success showed that large audiences existed for serious books. It also affected modern British popular culture significantly through its books concerning politics, the arts, and science.
Answer: Penguin Books is a publishing house of inexpensive fiction and non-fiction paperbacks. It was founded by the Lane brothers in 1935 as a line of the publishers The Bodley Head. It became a separate publisher in 1936.
Question: Please give me a short bulleted list of the key discoveries from Gallo’s lab.
Evidence: After listening to a talk by biologist David Baltimore and further stimulation from his virologist colleague, Robert Ting, concerning the work of the late Howard Martin Temin, Gallo became interested in the study of retroviruses, and made their study the primary activity of his lab. In 1976, Doris Morgan, a first year post-doctoral fellow in Gallo's lab, was asked by Gallo to examine culture fluid of activated lymphocytes for the possible production of growth factors. Soon she was successful in growing T lymphocytes. Gallo, Morgan and Frank Ruscetti, another researcher in Gallo's lab, coauthored a paper in Science describing their method. The Gallo group identified this as T-cell growth factor (TCGF). The name was changed in 1978 to IL-2 (interleukin-2) by the Second International Lymphokine Conference (which was held in Interlaken, Switzerland). Although earlier reports had described soluble molecules with biologic effects, the effects and biochemistry of the factors were not well characterized. One such example was the report by Julius Gordon in 1965, which described blastogenic transformation of lymphocytes in extracellular media. However, cell growth was not demonstrated and the affected cell type was not identified, making the identity of the factor(s) involved unclear and its natural function unknown.
The discovery of IL-2 allowed T cells, previously thought to be dead end cells, to be grown significantly in culture for the first time, opening research into many aspects of T cell immunology. Gallo's lab later purified and biochemically characterized IL-2. This breakthrough also allowed researchers to grow T-cells and study the viruses that affect them, such as human T-cell leukemia virus, or HTLV, the first retrovirus identified in humans, which Bernard Poiesz, another post-doctoral fellow in Gallo's lab played a key role in its isolation. HTLV's role in leukemia was clarified when Kiyoshi Takatsuki and other Japanese researchers, puzzling over an outbreak of a rare form of leukemia, later independently found the same retrovirus, and both groups showed HTLV to be the cause. At the same time, a similar HTLV-associated leukemia was identified by the Gallo group in the Caribbean. In 1982, Gallo received the Lasker Award: "For his pioneering studies that led to the discovery of the first human RNA tumor virus [the old name for retroviruses] and its association with certain leukemias and lymphomas."
Answer: Successfully growing T lymphocytes in culture for the first time
Interleukin-2 (IL-2)
Human T-cell leukemia virus
The first human retrovirus
Question: Given this paragraph about the movie 'The Bridge on the River Kwai', why did the writers have to work in secret?
Evidence: It was initially scripted by screenwriter Carl Foreman, who was later replaced by Michael Wilson. Both writers had to work in secret, as they were on the Hollywood blacklist and had fled to the UK in order to continue working. As a result, Boulle, who did not speak English, was credited and received the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay; many years later, Foreman and Wilson posthumously received the Academy Award.
Answer: They had to work in secret because they were on the Hollywood Blacklist for presumed involvement in the communist movement.