DataHammer/scimrc huggingface dataset:
Question: What role did Danbury, Connecticut play in the American Revolution?
Evidence: During the Revolutionary War, Danbury was an important military supply depot for the Continental Army. Sybil Ludington, 16-year-old daughter of American Colonel Henry Ludington, is said to have made a 40-mile ride in the early hours of the night on April 26, 1777, to warn the people of Danbury and her father's forces in Putnam County, New York, of the approach of British regulars, helping them muster in defense; these accounts, originating from the Ludington family, are questioned by modern scholars.

During the following day on April 26, 1777, the British, under Major General William Tryon, burned and sacked Danbury, but fatalities were limited due to Ludington's warning. The central motto on the seal of the City of Danbury is Restituimus, (Latin for "We have restored"), a reference to the destruction caused by the Loyalist army troops. The American General David Wooster was mortally wounded at the Battle of Ridgefield by the British forces which had raided Danbury, but at the beginning of the battle, the Americans succeeded in driving the British forces down to Long Island Sound. Wooster is buried in Danbury's Wooster Cemetery; the private Wooster School in Danbury also was named in his honor.
Answer: Danbury, Connecticut served as an important military depot for the Continental Army during the revolutionary war.  In April 26, 1777 the British Army attacked, burned and sacked the city, but the American troop were able to drive the British forces back to the Long Island sound.
Question: What are some lazy meals I can cook at home?
Answer: If you don't want to spend much energy cooking, consider one of options in this list:

- Tacos
- Mac & Cheese
- Fried Rice
- Meatball Sandwiche
- Pasta Carbonara
- Instant Ramen Bowl
- Shakshuka
- Chicken Wraps
- Hamburger
- Baked Potatoes
- Salad
- Bacon and Eggs
Question: What are a couple of good ideas to celebrate a spring birthday for an adult?
Answer: There are many ways to celebrate a birthday for an adult in the spring. One could host a BBQ, either at home or at a park with BBQ pits. Another idea would be to have a picnic in a local park. If weather doesn't permit an outside activity, meeting with friends for brunch or dinner is another nice way to celebrate a birthday. For an activity that doesn't involve other people, treating oneself to a massage or spa treatment is another way to celebrate a birthday.
Question: In football, if touchdowns is the main way to get points, why can't the quarterback always throw the ball to the end zone every time?
Answer: To win at the game of American football, points are scored by touchdowns and kicking field goals, primarily. 
At a simplistic level, it might appear that throwing the ball to the end zone at every opportunity is the straight forward strategy. 

However, if one did that, then the defense would adjust and accordingly defend. Also, typically the team has to move the ball 75 to 80 yards to the end zone. Only a few strong armed quarterbacks can throw that far. Even fewer can do it under pressure. The other main issue is that there is a very low chance of completing the pass. 

So, smart teams and coaches, use a variety of strategies of both throwing the ball different distances, running the ball, and based on distance, kicking field goals. One of the key strategies is to mix it up, so that there is an element of surprise and the defense is caught off-guard.
Question: Why some believe that continuous optimisation problems might be easier to solve than discrete optimisation problems?
Answer: Some believe that continuous optimisation problems might be easier to solve than their discrete counterparts, owing to the smoothness of the objective functions, which allows the use of calculus techniques. In general, calculus techniques mean to use objective and constraint information at a particular point x, to deduce information about the behaviour of the objective function at all surrounding points close to x. The deduced information is then used to guide the search direction. In contrast, combinatorial optimisation problems are to some extent harder to solve than continuous ones. This is because the behaviour of the objective and constraints may change significantly as we move from one feasible point to another, even if the two points are close according to some measure. Thus it is usually not possible to deduce information about the neighbouring points from the current one.
Question: Who were the Grateful Dead?
Answer: The Grateful Dead were a band founded in 1965 in the Bay Area.  Their original members include Jerry Garcia, Bob Weir, Phil Lesh, Ron (Pigpen) McKernan and Bill Kreutzman.
Question: What are some adventurous activities we could do during a bachelors party?
Answer: Adventurous activities to do on a bachelors party include mountain biking, sky diving, canyoning, rafting, bungee jumping, laser tag, archery, and paintball.
Question: What is a question mark?
Answer: A question mark is a form of punctuation used at the end of a sentence to denote uncertainty. A question mark looks like this: ?
Question: Is this auto translation tool based on neural networks?
Evidence: CodeInternational: A tool which can translate code between human languages, powered by Google Translate.
CodeInternational: A tool which can translate code between human languages, powered by Google Translate.


Answer: Yes.
Question: Is the hyperparams category a more difficult setting?
Evidence: We use bootstrap sampling (500 iterations) over the 1100 tables for which we collected human annotations to get an idea of how the correlation of each metric varies with the underlying data. In each iteration, we sample with replacement, tables along with their references and all the generated texts for that table. Then we compute aggregated human evaluation and metric scores for each of the models and compute the correlation between the two. We report the average correlation across all bootstrap samples for each metric in Table TABREF37 . The distribution of correlations for the best performing metrics are shown in Figure FIGREF38 .
Table TABREF37 also indicates whether PARENT is significantly better than a baseline metric. BIBREF21 suggest using the William's test for this purpose, but since we are computing correlations between only 4/13 systems at a time, this test has very weak power in our case. Hence, we use the bootstrap samples to obtain a INLINEFORM0 confidence interval of the difference in correlation between PARENT and any other metric and check whether this is above 0 BIBREF27 .
Correlations are higher for the systems category than the hyperparams category. The latter is a more difficult setting since very similar models are compared, and hence the variance of the correlations is also high. Commonly used metrics which only rely on the reference (BLEU, ROUGE, METEOR, CIDEr) have only weak correlations with human judgments. In the hyperparams category, these are often negative, implying that tuning models based on these may lead to selecting worse models. BLEU performs the best among these, and adding n-grams from the table as references improves this further (BLEU-T).
Among the extractive evaluation metrics, CS, which also only relies on the reference, has poor correlation in the hyperparams category. RG-F, and both variants of the PARENT metric achieve the highest correlation for both settings. There is no significant difference among these for the hyperparams category, but for systems, PARENT-W is significantly better than the other two. While RG-F needs a full information extraction pipeline in its implementation, PARENT-C only relies on co-occurrence counts, and PARENT-W can be used out-of-the-box for any dataset. To our knowledge, this is the first rigorous evaluation of using information extraction for generation evaluation.
On this dataset, the word-overlap model showed higher correlation than the co-occurrence model for entailment. In § SECREF47 we will show that for the WebNLG dataset, where more paraphrasing is involved between the table and text, the opposite is true. Lastly, we note that the heuristic for selecting INLINEFORM0 is sufficient to produce high correlations for PARENT, however, if human annotations are available, this can be tuned to produce significantly higher correlations (PARENT*-W/C).
Correlations are higher for the systems cate_x0002_gory than the hyperparams category. The latter is a more difficult setting since very similar models are compared, and hence the variance of the correlations is also high.
Answer: Yes.
Question: What do the authors measure to evaluate the work?
Evidence: To evaluate our work we measured how the discovered units compared to the forced aligned phones in term of segmentation and information. The accuracy of the segmentation was measured in term of Precision, Recall and F-score. If a unit boundary occurs at the same time (+/- 10ms) of an actual phone boundary it is considered as a true positive, otherwise it is considered to be a false positive. If no match is found with a true phone boundary, this is considered to be a false negative. The consistency of the units was evaluated in term of normalized mutual information (NMI - see BIBREF1 , BIBREF3 , BIBREF5 for details) which measures the statistical dependency between the units and the forced aligned phones. A NMI of 0 % means that the units are completely independent of the phones whereas a NMI of 100 % indicates that the actual phones could be retrieved without error given the sequence of discovered units.
To evaluate our work we measured how the discovered units compared to the forced aligned phones in term of segmentation and information.
Answer: The authors measured how the discovered units compared to the forced aligned phones in term of segmentation and information.
Question: How many times did Barton switch parties?
Evidence: Barton switched parties three times in his political life. He was first elected as a Democratic-Republican; he then switched to an Adams Democrat for his re-election in 1825. When he ran for the Senate again in 1830 he switched to being an Anti-Jacksonian candidate. In the Senate, he served as chairman of the committee on public lands. He was a member of the Missouri State Senate in 1834–1835.
Answer: Three times
Question: Which evaluation metric has been measured?
Evidence: In order to evaluate the precision of the retrieved documents in each experiment, we used "TREC_Eval" tool [3]. TREC_Eval is a standard tool for evaluation of IR tasks and its name is a short form of Text REtrieval Conference (TREC) Evaluation tool. The Mean Average Precision (MAP) reported by TREC_Eval was 27.99% without query expansion and 37.10% with query expansion which shows more than 9 percent improvement.
In order to evaluate the precision of the retrieved documents in each experiment, we used "TREC_Eval" tool [3]. TREC_Eval is a standard tool for evaluation of IR tasks and its name is a short form of Text REtrieval Conference (TREC) Evaluation tool. The Mean Average Precision (MAP) reported by TREC_Eval was 27.99% without query expansion and 37.10% with query expansion which shows more than 9 percent improvement.
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* Mean Average Precision
Question: What eight language are reported on?
Evidence: In this context, we propose a robust multilingual sentiment analysis method, tested in eight different languages: Spanish, English, Italian, Arabic, German, Portuguese, Russian and Swedish. We compare our approach ranking in three international contests: TASS'15, SemEval'15-16 and SENTIPOLC'14, for Spanish, English and Italian respectively; the remaining languages are compared directly with the results reported in the literature. The experimental results locate our approach in good positions for all considered competitions; and excellent results in the other five languages tested. Finally, even when our method is almost cross-language, it can be extended to take advantage of language dependencies; we also provide experimental evidence of the advantages of using these language-dependent techniques.
In this context, we propose a robust multilingual sentiment analysis method, tested in eight different languages: Spanish, English, Italian, Arabic, German, Portuguese, Russian and Swedish.
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* Spanish, English, Italian, Arabic, German, Portuguese, Russian and Swedish
Question: What seven houses ruled the Seven Kingdoms before Aegon's Conquest?
Answer: Stark, Tully, Arryn, Lannister, Tyrell, Baratheon, and Martell
Question: List all the names of people mentioned in this passage.  Use a numbered list.
Evidence: When Guettel took up music composition in his mid-teens, he was encouraged by his family. His mother said that she offered him advice for around a year, "After that, he was so far beyond anything I could ever have dreamed of, I just backed off." Richard Rodgers, who died when Guettel was 15, overheard an early composition, said he liked it and asked him to play it louder. Guettel has qualified the compliment, noting that "He was literally on his deathbed on the other side of the living-room wall." In his high school and collegiate years and into his early twenties, Guettel worked as a rock and jazz musician, singing and playing bass, before realizing "that writing for character and telling stories through music was something that I really loved to do, and that allowed me to express love."
Answer: 1. Guettel
2. Richard Rodgers
Question: What do the suits on a deck of cards represent?
Answer: Each of the suits on a deck of cards represents the four major pillars of the economy in the middle ages: heart represented the Church, spades represented the military, clubs represented agriculture, and diamonds represented the merchant class.
Question: Extract all of the dates mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Date} - {Description}
Evidence: He was ordained to the priesthood on 14 June 1862, and then taught at the Salesian House of Studies in Turin until 1875. Cagliero led the first ten Salesians to America and established five houses in Uruguay and Argentina between 1875 and 1877, after which he became spiritual director of his society and the first General Director of Daughters of Mary Help of Christians in Turin. He was made Pro-Apostolic Vicar of new vicariate in Northern Patagonia, in Argentina, on 20 November 1883.
Answer: • 14 June 1862 - When Giovanni Cagliero was ordained to the priesthood
• 1875 - When Giovanni Cagliero finished teaching at the Salesian House of Studies in Turin
• 1875 - When Giovanni Cagliero led the first ten Salesians to America and established five houses in Uruguay and Argentina
• 1877 - When Giovanni Cagliero finished the establishment of five houses in Uruguay and Argentina
• 20 November 1883 - When Giovanni Cagliero was made Pro-Apostolic Vicar of new vicariate in Northern Patagonia, in Argentina
Question: How big are negative effects of proposed techniques on high-resource tasks?
Evidence: We have presented adaptive schedules for multilingual machine translation, where task weights are controlled by validation BLEU scores. The schedules may either be explicit, directly changing how task are sampled, or implicit by adjusting the optimization process. Compared to single-task baselines, performance improved on the low-resource En-De task and was comparable on high-resource En-Fr task.
Compared to single-task baselines, performance improved on the low-resource En-De task and was comparable on high-resource En-Fr task.
Answer: The negative effects were insignificant.
Question: What are crawfish and how do you eat them?
Answer: Crawfish are considered a staple of cajun cuisine.  Many Louisiana natives and surrounding southern states eat these crustaceans.  To eat crawfish, sometimes called crawdads or mudbugs, you first need to purchase them.  Crawfish are usually sold by the sack with typical weights around 30-40 pounds.  You must then clean the crawfish as their natural habitats are within mud, swamps, and muck.   Rinsing them thoroughly in water is required.  Many will do this a sack at a time and continue to rinse until the water is crystal clear noting that they're clean.  Others go a step further through a process of purging.  This is using salt to have the crawfish clean out its insides.  Many think purging is a myth and simply skip this step.  Once clean, you'll want to bring a large pot (typically 80+ quarts in size) of water to a rolling boil.  Add in spices to flavor the water.  There are also pre-made bags of spice known as 'boil.'  Boil the crawfish until they float to the top and turn bright red.  Then allow the crawfish to soak to absorb the added spice.  This process can last as long as an hour or more, though 30 minutes is fairly typical.  Many people will add potatoes, corn, onions, and other sides to their boil.  Learning to peel a crawfish is an art, but can be quickly done by twisting off the tail.  Peel the rest of the shell off and eat the tail.  Many will also suck the head to get a burst of flavor.
Question: Why do they think this task is hard?  What is the baseline performance?
Evidence: Although not done in this work, an alternative (but also natural) way to address the task is as a special case of language modelling, where the output vocabulary is restricted to the size of the `action' vocabulary. Also, note that the performance for this task is not expected to achieve a perfect accuracy, as there may be situations where more than one action is reasonable, and also because writers tell a story playing with elements such as surprise or uncertainty.
Also, note that the performance for this task is not expected to achieve a perfect accuracy, as there may be situations where more than one action is reasonable, and also because writers tell a story playing with elements such as surprise or uncertainty.
Answer: 1. there may be situations where more than one action is reasonable, and also because writers tell a story playing with elements such as surprise or uncertainty.
2. Macro F1 = 14.6 (MLR, length 96 snippet)
Weighted F1 = 31.1 (LSTM, length 128 snippet)
Question: Can you summarize the main points about the first edition of the Dota 2 tournament, The International?
Evidence: Valve announced the first edition of The International on August 1, 2011. 16 teams were invited to compete in the tournament, which would also serve as the first public viewing of Dota 2. The tournament was funded by Valve, including the US$1 million grand prize, with Nvidia supplying the hardware. It took place at Gamescom in Cologne from August 17–21 the same year. The tournament started with a group stage in which the winners of each of the four groups were entered into a winner's bracket, and the other teams entered the loser's bracket. The rest of the tournament was then played as a double-elimination tournament. The final of this inaugural tournament was between Ukrainian-based Natus Vincere and Chinese-based EHOME, with Natus Vincere winning the series 3–1. EHOME won US$250,000, with the rest of the 14 teams splitting the remaining $350,000.
Answer: The first edition of The International was held at Gamescom in Cologne, Germany August 17-21 2011. Sixteen teams were directly invited by Valve to complete for $1 Million grand prize. The tournament was played in a round robin group stage, followed by a double elimination playoff. The Ukrainian based team, Natus Vincere defeated the Chinese based EHOME 3-1 in the grand finals.
Question: Tell me which of these teams are in the National Football League (NFL): Seattle Seahawks, San Francisco 49ers, Seattle Mariners, Seattle Super Sonics, New England Patriots.
Answer: The Seattle Seahawks, San Francisco 49ers, and New England Patriots are part of the National Football League.
Question: Write a short message to send to your doctor to ask if you need to make a separate appointment for each of your vaccines for an upcoming vacation to South Africa. The doctor is named Dr. Gupta
Answer: Hi Dr. Gupta, I'm reaching out because I will be traveling to South Africa soon, and I want to make sure I am up to date on all my vaccines before I go abroad. I know I need to make a travel appointment, but I wanted to check if I should make separate appointments for each vaccine or if I will be able to have all the vaccines given at one travel clinic appointment. Please let me know what scheduling makes sense, thanks so much!
Question: When was the first episode of the TV show, The X-Files?
Answer: The first episode of The X-Files, titled "Pilot," September 10, 1993
Question: What is a PFD?
Evidence: Process engineering involves the utilization of multiple tools and methods. Depending on the exact nature of the system, processes need to be simulated and modeled using mathematics and computer science. Processes where phase change and phase equilibria are relevant require analysis using the principles and laws of thermodynamics to quantify changes in energy and efficiency. In contrast, processes that focus on the flow of material and energy as they approach equilibria are best analyzed using the disciplines of fluid mechanics and transport phenomena. Disciplines within the field of mechanics need to be applied in the presence of fluids or porous and dispersed media. Materials engineering principles also need to be applied, when relevant.

Manufacturing in the field of process engineering involves an implementation of process synthesis steps. Regardless of the exact tools required, process engineering is then formatted through the use of a process flow diagram (PFD) where material flow paths, storage equipment (such as tanks and silos), transformations (such as distillation columns, receiver/head tanks, mixing, separations, pumping, etc.) and flowrates are specified, as well as a list of all pipes and conveyors and their contents, material properties such as density, viscosity, particle-size distribution, flowrates, pressures, temperatures, and materials of construction for the piping and unit operations.
Answer: PFD is an abbreviation for process flow diagram.

Process flow diagrams specify material flow paths, storage equipment (such as tanks and silos), transformations (such as distillation columns, receiver/head tanks, mixing, separations, pumping, etc.), and flowrates. They also list all pipes and conveyors and their contents, material properties such as density, viscosity, particle-size distribution, flowrates, pressures, temperatures, and materials of construction for the piping and unit operations.
Question: What are the functions of the 3 branches of the United States government.
Answer: The legislative branch creates laws, the executive branch enforces and administrates laws, and the judicial branch interprets laws.