DataHammer/scimrc huggingface dataset:
Question: What are some uses for a garden bucket with a hole in it?
Answer: A bucket with a hole in it may be compromised from holding liquid within it. However, the bucket can still be useful for many other scenarios. For example, the bucket can be used to hold solids (eg rocks, dirt, toys) that are generally larger than the size of the hole. The bucket could also be repurposed as a watering can, or as a small seat to sit on while working in the garden.
Question: Are lilies safe for cats?
Answer: No, lilies are toxic to cats if consumed and should not be kept in a household with cats
Question: What advise would you give  on touring India?
Answer: India is a very large and diverse country. Despite many commonalities such as religion and weather, the east west north and south India have distinct variations in culture, food, music and attire. There are even variations in language at state level. 

There are 28 states and 8 Union territories in India. Union Territories are administered by the President through an Administrator appointed by him/her. 

Besides the mega cities  Mumbai, Delhi, Calcutta, Bangluru and Chennai, smaller towns such as Udaypur, Jaipur, Ahmedabad, Agra, Amritsar, Pune also attract a good number of visitors. Indian government promotes tourism under “Incredible India” slogan. 

Recent devaluation of Indian currency provides an opportunity to get more bang for your bucks. Although, prices have reason sharply in India due to constant inflation. 

Law and order tend to be generally good. However as a foreigner, be extra careful as they are targets of mugging in less populated areas at night.
Question: What is sweep rowing?
Evidence: Rowing, sometimes called crew in the United States, is the sport of racing boats using oars. It differs from paddling sports in that rowing oars are attached to the boat using oarlocks, while paddles are not connected to the boat. Rowing is divided into two disciplines: sculling and sweep rowing. In sculling, each rower holds two oars—one in each hand, while in sweep rowing each rower holds one oar with both hands. There are several boat classes in which athletes may compete, ranging from single sculls, occupied by one person, to shells with eight rowers and a coxswain, called eights. There are a wide variety of course types and formats of racing, but most elite and championship level racing is conducted on calm water courses 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) long with several lanes marked using buoys.
Answer: Sweep rowing is a rowing discipline in which rowers hold one oar with both hands.
Question: Do they propose any solution to debias the embeddings?
Evidence: We have presented the first study on social bias in KG embeddings, and proposed a new metric for measuring such bias. We demonstrated that differences in the distributions of entities in real-world knowledge graphs (there are many more male bankers in Wikidata than female) translate into harmful biases related to professions being encoded in embeddings. Given that KGs are formed of real-world entities, we cannot simply equalize the counts; it is not possible to correct history by creating female US Presidents, etc. In light of this, we suggest that care is needed when applying graph embeddings in NLP pipelines, and work needed to develop robust methods to debias such embeddings.
In light of this, we suggest that care is needed when applying graph embeddings in NLP pipelines, and work needed to develop robust methods to debias such embeddings.
Answer: No.
Question: What quality is common among all of Ingersoll's positions held within the Navy?
Evidence: Stuart Howe Ingersoll (June 3, 1898 – January 29, 1983) was a vice admiral of the United States Navy. He was a naval aviator whose career included service as an aircraft carrier commander during World War II and tours as commander-in-chief of the United States Seventh Fleet, President of the Naval War College, and Commandant of Midshipmen at the United States Naval Academy.
Answer: Although Ingersoll held many positions within the U.S. Navy, he was first and foremost a naval aviator.
Question: Symptoms of Sick Liver
Answer: Skin and eyes that appear jaundice
Abdominal pain and swelling
Swelling in the legs and ankles
Dark urine colour
Pale stool colour
Chronic fatigue
Nausea or vomiting
Loss of appetite
Question: Name the top 10 greatest rapper of all time
Answer: From Billboard's perspective in 2023, the top 10 greatest rappers of all time, as of today, are the following : 
- JAY-Z
- Kendrick Lamar
- Nas
- Tupac Shakur
- Eminem 
- The Notorious BIG
- Lil Wayne
- Drake
- Snoop Dog
- Nicki Minaj
Question: What are your thoughts of Michael Jackson as a singer and person
Answer: Michael Jackson is acclaimed as the greatest pop star of all times. He invented the Moon Walk and created many chartbuster hits. He still continues to have a loyal fanbase across the world, shows on him are still running packed houses in Las Vegas.
Question: Classify these as positive or negative reviews: "Interesting concept but execution left a lot to be desired", "Would have loved it but the main character was completely 1D", "One of the best horror books I've read in years", "Would see it again"
Answer: "Interesting concept but execution left a lot to be desired": negative, "Would have loved it but the main character was completely 1D": negative, "One of the best horror books I've read in years": positive, "Would see it again": positive
Question: What datasets are used for testing?
Evidence: For English all-words WSD, we train our WSD model on SemCor BIBREF24, and test it on Senseval-2 (SE2), Senseval-3 (SE3), SemEval 2013 task 12 (SE13), and SemEval 2015 task 13 (SE15). This common benchmark, which has been annotated with WordNet-3.0 senses BIBREF25, has recently been adopted in English all-words WSD. Following BIBREF9, we choose SemEval 2007 Task 17 (SE07) as our development data to pick the best model parameters after a number of neural network updates, for models that require back-propagation training.
While WSD is predominantly evaluated on English, we are also interested in evaluating our approach on Chinese, to evaluate the effectiveness of our approach in a different language. We use OntoNotes Release 5.0, which contains a number of annotations including word senses for Chinese. We follow the data setup of BIBREF26 and conduct an evaluation on four genres, i.e., broadcast conversation (BC), broadcast news (BN), magazine (MZ), and newswire (NW), as well as the concatenation of all genres. While the training and development datasets are divided into genres, we train on the concatenation of all genres and test on each individual genre.
For English all-words WSD, we train our WSD model on SemCor BIBREF24, and test it on Senseval-2 (SE2), Senseval-3 (SE3), SemEval 2013 task 12 (SE13), and SemEval 2015 task 13 (SE15).
We use OntoNotes Release 5.0, which contains a number of annotations including word senses for Chinese.
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* Senseval-2 (SE2), Senseval-3 (SE3), SemEval 2013 task 12 (SE13), and SemEval 2015 task 13 (SE15)
* OntoNotes Release 5.0
Question: What data does OpenTapioca use?
Evidence: Named Entity Linking is the task of detecting mentions of entities from a knowledge base in free text, as illustrated in Figure 1 .
Most of the entity linking literature focuses on target knowledge bases which are derived from Wikipedia, such as DBpedia BIBREF0 or YAGO BIBREF1 . These bases are curated automatically by harvesting information from the info-boxes and categories on each Wikipedia page and are therefore not editable directly.
Wikidata BIBREF2 is an editable, multilingual knowledge base which has recently gained popularity as a target database for entity linking BIBREF3 , BIBREF4 , BIBREF5 , BIBREF6 . As these new approaches to entity linking also introduce novel learning methods, it is hard to tell apart the benefits that come from the new models and those which come from the choice of knowledge graph and the quality of its data.
We review the main differences between Wikidata and static knowledge bases extracted from Wikipedia, and analyze their implactions for entity linking. We illustrate these differences by building a simple entity linker, OpenTapioca, which only uses data from Wikidata, and show that it is competitive with other systems with access to larger data sources for some tasks. OpenTapioca can be trained easily from a Wikidata dump only, and can be efficiently kept up to date in real time as Wikidata evolves. We also propose tools to adapt existing entity linking datasets to Wikidata, and offer a new entity linking dataset, consisting of affiliation strings extracted from research articles.
We illustrate these differences by building a simple entity linker, OpenTapioca, which only uses data from Wikidata, and show that it is competitive with other systems with access to larger data sources for some tasks.
Answer: Data from Wikidata.
Question: Given this reference text that describes the importance of tigers in chinese culture, what do they symbolize in modern China and what types were common in the northeast?
Evidence: Tigers have been of great importance in Chinese culture since the earliest surviving records of Chinese history, with the character 虎 appearing on the Shang-era oracle bones. In prehistoric China, the Siberian, South China, and Bengal tigers were common in the northeast, southeast, and southwest respectively and tigers figures prominently in myth, astrology, Chinese poetry, painting, and other fields. Most prominently, the tiger has long been regarded as a major symbol of masculine yang energy and the king of the animals. In modern China, it generally represents power, fearlessness, and wrath
Answer: Tigers symbolize power, fearlessness and wrath in modern China.  Bengal tigers were common in the northeast.
Question: What are some languages spoken in Mexico?
Answer: Some languages spoken in Mexico are Spanish, Nahuatl and Mayan languages
Question: Given this paragraph about Jack Kerouac, tell me where he was raised, what was his most famous book, when was that book published, and which movement was he a part of?
Evidence: Of French-Canadian ancestry, Kerouac was raised in a French-speaking home in Lowell, Massachusetts. He "learned English at age six and spoke with a marked accent into his late teens." During World War II, he served in the United States Merchant Marine; he completed his first novel at the time, which was published more than 40 years after his death. His first published book was The Town and the City (1950), and he achieved widespread fame and notoriety with his second, On the Road, in 1957. It made him a beat icon, and he went on to publish 12 more novels and numerous poetry volumes.

Kerouac is recognized for his style of spontaneous prose. Thematically, his work covers topics such as his Catholic spirituality, jazz, travel, promiscuity, life in New York City, Buddhism, drugs, and poverty. He became an underground celebrity and, with other Beats, a progenitor of the hippie movement, although he remained antagonistic toward some of its politically radical elements. He has a lasting legacy, greatly influencing many of the cultural icons of the 1960s, including Bob Dylan, the Beatles, Jerry Garcia and the Doors.

In 1969, at the age of 47, Kerouac died from an abdominal hemorrhage caused by a lifetime of heavy drinking. Since then, his literary prestige has grown, and several previously unseen works have been published.
Answer: Jack Kerouac raised in Lowell, Massachusetts. He most famous book, On the Road, was published in 1957. He was a member of the Beats.
Question: Tell me whether these cities are in Spain or France: Pamplona, Valencia, Nice, Marseille, Paris, Sevilla
Answer: Pamplona: Spain
Valencia: Spain
Nice: France
Marseille: France
Paris: France
Sevilla: Spain
Question: Does the QA approach outperform the best results on TREC-2017 LiveQA medical test questions?
Evidence: In this paper, we carried out an empirical study of machine learning and deep learning methods for Recognizing Question Entailment in the medical domain using several datasets. We developed a RQE-based QA system to answer new medical questions using existing question-answer pairs. We built and shared a collection of 47K medical question-answer pairs. Our QA approach outperformed the best results on TREC-2017 LiveQA medical test questions. The proposed approach can be applied and adapted to open-domain as well as specific-domain QA. Deep learning models achieved interesting results on open-domain and clinical datasets, but obtained a lower performance on consumer health questions. We will continue investigating other network architectures including transfer learning, as well as creation of a large collection of consumer health questions for training to improve the performance of DL models. Future work also includes exploring integration of a Question Focus Recognition module to enhance candidate question retrieval, and expanding our question-answer collection.
Our QA approach outperformed the best results on TREC-2017 LiveQA medical test questions.
Answer: Yes, it does.
Question: Name some of the most well-known Valyrian steel swords.
Answer: Widow's Wail, Heartsbane, Longclaw, Oathkeeper, Red Rain
Question: Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Avengers, Justice League of America
Answer: Avengers is Marvel, Justice League of America is DC
Question: Which interpretative biases are analyzed in this paper?
Evidence: An epistemic ME game is an ME game with a Harsanyi type space and a type/history correspondence as we've defined it. By adding types to an ME game, we provide the beginnings of a game theoretic model of interpretive bias that we believe is completely new. Our definition of bias is now: [Interpretive Bias] An interpretive bias in an epistemic ME game is the probability distribution over types given by the belief function of the conversationalists or players, or the Jury. Note that in an ME game there are typically several interpretive biases at work: each player has her own bias, as does the Jury.
Our definition of bias is now: [Interpretive Bias] An interpretive bias in an epistemic ME game is the probability distribution over types given by the belief function of the conversationalists or players, or the Jury.
Note that in an ME game there are typically several interpretive biases at work: each player has her own bias, as does the Jury.
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* in an ME game there are typically several interpretive biases at work: each player has her own bias, as does the Jury
Question: Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Jason Todd, Winter Soldier
Answer: Jason Todd is DC, Winter Soldier is Marvel
Question: What modules are used in neural architecture?
Evidence: Quality estimation (QE) refers to the task of measuring the quality of machine translation (MT) system outputs without reference to the gold translations BIBREF0 , BIBREF1 . QE research has grown increasingly popular due to the improved quality of MT systems, and potential for reductions in post-editing time and the corresponding savings in labor costs BIBREF2 , BIBREF3 . QE can be performed on multiple granularities, including at word level, sentence level, or document level. In this paper, we focus on quality estimation at word level, which is framed as the task of performing binary classification of translated tokens, assigning “OK” or “BAD” labels.
Early work on this problem mainly focused on hand-crafted features with simple regression/classification models BIBREF4 , BIBREF5 . Recent papers have demonstrated that utilizing recurrent neural networks (RNN) can result in large gains in QE performance BIBREF6 . However, these approaches encode the context of the target word by merely concatenating its left and right context words, giving them limited ability to control the interaction between the local context and the target word.
In this paper, we propose a neural architecture, Context Encoding Quality Estimation (CEQE), for better encoding of context in word-level QE. Specifically, we leverage the power of both (1) convolution modules that automatically learn local patterns of surrounding words, and (2) hand-crafted features that allow the model to make more robust predictions in the face of a paucity of labeled data. Moreover, we further utilize stacked recurrent neural networks to capture the long-term dependencies and global context information from the whole sentence.
We tested our model on the official benchmark of the WMT18 word-level QE task. On this task, it achieved highly competitive results, with the best performance over other competitors on English-Czech, English-Latvian (NMT) and English-Latvian (SMT) word-level QE task, and ranking second place on English-German (NMT) and German-English word-level QE task.
Specifically, we leverage the power of both (1) convolution modules that automatically learn local patterns of surrounding words, and (2) hand-crafted features that allow the model to make more robust predictions in the face of a paucity of labeled data.
Answer: Convolution modules that automatically learn local patterns of surrounding words.
Question: What does the KG2Vec approach include?
Evidence: Recently, the number of public datasets in the Linked Data cloud has significantly grown to almost 10 thousands. At the time of writing, at least four of these datasets contain more than one billion triples each. This huge amount of available data has become a fertile ground for Machine Learning and Data Mining algorithms. Today, applications of machine-learning techniques comprise a broad variety of research areas related to Linked Data, such as Link Discovery, Named Entity Recognition, and Structured Question Answering. The field of Knowledge Graph Embedding (KGE) has emerged in the Machine Learning community during the last five years. The underlying concept of KGE is that in a knowledge base, each entity and relation can be regarded as a vector in a continuous space. The generated vector representations can be used by algorithms employing machine learning, deep learning, or statistical relational learning to accomplish a given task. Several KGE approaches have already shown promising results on tasks such as link prediction, entity recommendation, question answering, and triplet classification BIBREF0 , BIBREF1 , BIBREF2 , BIBREF3 . Moreover, Distributional Semantics techniques (e.g., Word2Vec or Doc2Vec) are relatively new in the Semantic Web community. The RDF2Vec approaches BIBREF4 , BIBREF5 are examples of pioneering research and to date, they represent the only option for learning embeddings on a large knowledge graph without the need for state-of-the-art hardware. To this end, we devise the KG2Vec approach, which comprises skip-gram techniques for creating embeddings on large knowledge graphs in a feasible time but still maintaining the quality of state-of-the-art embeddings. Our evaluation shows that KG2Vec achieves a vector quality comparable to the most scalable approaches and can process more than 250 million triples in less than 7 hours on a machine with suboptimal performances.
To this end, we devise the KG2Vec approach, which comprises skip-gram techniques for creating embeddings on large knowledge graphs in a feasible time but still maintaining the quality of state-of-the-art embeddings.
Answer: Skip-gram techniques for creating embeddings on large knowledge graphs in a feasible time but still maintaining the quality of state-of-the-art embeddings.
Question: Which of these foods are kosher? Lobster, cheeseburger, hamburger and fries, shrimp and grits, thai red curry with tofu, thai red curry with chicken, birthday cake, lentil soup with ham hock.
Answer: By Islamic law, all foods are considered halal, or lawful, except for pork and its by-products, animals improperly slaughtered or dead before slaughtering, animals slaughtered in the name of anyone but Allah (God), carnivorous animals, birds of prey, animals without external ears (some birds and reptiles), blood, alcohol, and foods contaminated with any of these. All seafood is halal. Based on this, the following foods are halal: Lobster, cheeseburger, hamburger and fries, shrimp and grits, thai red curry with tofu, thai red curry with chicken, and birthday cake.
Question: What were the original four federal holidays in the United States?
Evidence: The history of federal holidays in the United States dates back to June 28, 1870, when Congress created federal holidays "to correspond with similar laws of States around the District...and...in every State of the Union." Although at first applicable only to federal employees in the District of Columbia, Congress extended coverage in 1885 to all federal employees.

The original four holidays in 1870 were:

New Year's Day
Independence Day
Thanksgiving Day
Christmas Day
Answer: The original four federal holidays in the United States were New Year's Day, Independence Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day.
Question: What was the Hundred Years War?
Evidence: The Hundred Years' War (French: La guerre de Cent Ans; 1337–1453) was a series of armed conflicts between the kingdoms of England and France during the Late Middle Ages. It originated from disputed claims to the French throne between the English House of Plantagenet and the French royal House of Valois. Over time, the war grew into a broader power struggle involving factions from across Western Europe, fuelled by emerging nationalism on both sides.
Answer: The English and French fought numerous battles from the mid-14th century to the mid-15th century, hence the name, "Hundred Years War." The two sides made conflicting claims of sovereignty over land and people in an effort to be the dominant power in Western Europe, if not all of Europe. Engaging in warfare over this extended period of time resulted in a fairly rapid evolution of warfare and how countries conducted war. For example, standing armies for each country became a standard, a new development in the nationalism.
Question: What are two species of beavers?
Evidence: Beavers (genus Castor) are large, semiaquatic rodents of the Northern Hemisphere. There are two extant species: the North American beaver (Castor canadensis) and the Eurasian beaver (C. fiber). Beavers are the second-largest living rodents, after capybaras. Beavers have stout bodies with large heads, long chisel-like incisors, brown or gray fur, hand-like front feet, webbed back feet, and tails that are flat and scaly. The two species differ in skull and tail shape and fur color. Beavers can be found in a number of freshwater habitats, such as rivers, streams, lakes and ponds. They are herbivorous, consuming tree bark, aquatic plants, grasses and sedges.
Answer: The two species of beavers are the North American beaver and the Eurasian beaver.