DataHammer/scimrc huggingface dataset:
Question: what is the size of BoolQ dataset?
Evidence: We combine 13k questions gathered from this pipeline with an additional 3k questions with yes/no answers from the NQ training set to reach a total of 16k questions. We split these questions into a 3.2k dev set, 3.2k test set, and 9.4k train set, ensuring questions from NQ are always in the train set. “Yes” answers are slightly more common (62.31% in the train set). The queries are typically short (average length 8.9 tokens) with longer passages (average length 108 tokens).
We combine 13k questions gathered from this pipeline with an additional 3k questions with yes/no answers from the NQ training set to reach a total of 16k questions. 
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
*  16k questions
Question: What outfit should I wear when traveling to San Francisco in May?
Answer: The weather in San Francisco tends to vacillate between cool and warm temperatures. In order to dress appropriately and be comfortable all day, you should dress in layers. Start with a good pair of jeans, a t-shirt and a lightweight sweater. For your outerwear, choose a puffer jacket to add some insulation in case the wind picks up. Finally, San Francisco is best explored on foot, so wear a comfortable pair of sneakers.
Question: What did batteries get invented?
Answer: Volta invented the first battery around 1800.  It worked by storing and releasing a charge of energy caused by a chemical reaction.  Since this time batteries have only improved with time.  Around the end of the 19th century batteries were a primary source of electricity for electric grids.  With continuous future improvements to batteries they were being used in most consumer electronics like phones, computers and televisions.
Question: What should I do if I visit Sweden?
Answer: Sweden is a very interesting country to visit and things to do depend on the season. During winter, Sweden offers some of the best skiing in the World. In the North, you shouldn't miss the Ice Hotel in Jukkasjärvi. 
The spring in Sweden is magical as nature comes back to life. You'll find many locals walking around Kungsträdgården enjoying the cherry blossom on the trees. 
During Summer there are many interesting things to do. Go to Dalarna and enjoy a traditional Mid Summer celebration. In the South, Österlen is a great place to visit with incredible sandy beaches. The island of Gotland is frequently visited by Swedes wanting to enjoy some sun. Both Stockholm and Gothenburg have great archipelagos offering endless possibilities to fish and enjoy nature. 
The fall offers dramatic changes in nature and great scenery. For many Swedes, the fall is hunting season with elk hunt being a popular hobby.
Question: Based on the reference text, please provide a short bulleted list of 4 popular Halloween activities.
Evidence: Halloween or Hallowe'en (less commonly known as Allhalloween, All Hallows' Eve, or All Saints' Eve) is a celebration observed in many countries on 31 October, the eve of the Western Christian feast of All Saints' Day. It begins the observance of Allhallowtide, the time in the liturgical year dedicated to remembering the dead, including saints (hallows), martyrs, and all the faithful departed.

One theory holds that many Halloween traditions were influenced by Celtic harvest festivals, particularly the Gaelic festival Samhain, which are believed to have pagan roots. Some go further and suggest that Samhain may have been Christianized as All Hallow's Day, along with its eve, by the early Church. Other academics believe Halloween began solely as a Christian holiday, being the vigil of All Hallow's Day. Celebrated in Ireland and Scotland for centuries, Irish and Scottish immigrants took many Halloween customs to North America in the 19th century, and then through American influence Halloween had spread to other countries by the late 20th and early 21st century.

Popular Halloween activities include trick-or-treating (or the related guising and souling), attending Halloween costume parties, carving pumpkins or turnips into jack-o'-lanterns, lighting bonfires, apple bobbing, divination games, playing pranks, visiting haunted attractions, telling scary stories, and watching horror or Halloween-themed films. Some people practice the Christian religious observances of All Hallows' Eve, including attending church services and lighting candles on the graves of the dead, although it is a secular celebration for others. Some Christians historically abstained from meat on All Hallows' Eve, a tradition reflected in the eating of certain vegetarian foods on this vigil day, including apples, potato pancakes, and soul cakes.
Answer: Popular Halloween activities include:
1. Trick-or-Treating
2. Going to costume parties
3. Carving pumpkins
4. Watching horror movies
Question: How many inhabitants of Lone Pine survived as a result of the earthquake? Tell me how you came to that conclusion.
Evidence: The earthquake occurred on a Tuesday morning and leveled almost all the buildings in Lone Pine and nearby settlements. Of the estimated 250–300 inhabitants of Lone Pine, 27 are known to have perished and 52 of the 59 houses were destroyed. One report states that the main buildings were thrown down in almost every town in Inyo County. About 130 kilometers (81 mi) south of Lone Pine, at Indian Wells, adobe houses sustained cracks. Property loss has been estimated at $250,000 (equivalent to $5,654,861 in 2021). As in many earthquakes, adobe, stone and masonry structures fared worse than wooden ones which prompted the closing of nearby Camp Independence which was an adobe structure destroyed in the quake.
Answer: It is estimated that between 223 and 273 inhabitants of Lone Pine survived the earthquake.

The passage shows that there was "an estimated 250–300 inhabitants of Lone Pine" and that "27 are known to have perished". If we subtract 27 from 250, you get 223, and if we subtract 27 from 300, we get 273. Therefore, it can be estimated that the number of inhabitants that survived the earthquake is between 223 and 273.
Question: what is a competition?
Answer: A competition is when teams or individuals are in the act of competing against each other.  They can be trying to do the same activity the highest number times.  Examples of competitions are chess competitions, basketball / volleyball / hockey competitions, or ice skating competitions.  Competitions often tell who is the best at what the competition is measuring (e.g. sports).  Independent competitions usually are not Team sports and usually include an individual trying to achieve a high score.  Their scores are compared against other independent scores to determine  who is the best with independent competitions.
Question: Given this paragraph about a specific breed of scorpion, where can the coastal burrowing scorpion be found?
Evidence: Urodacus novaehollandiae, also known as the coastal burrowing scorpion or black sand scorpion, is a species of scorpion in the Urodacidae family. It is endemic to Australia, and was first described in 1861 by German naturaliat Wilhelm Peters.
Answer: The coastal burrowing scorpion, whose scientific name is Urodacus novaehollandiae, can only be found in Australia.
Question: Summarize this paragraph about Candie Carawan's Highlander Center activism.
Evidence: At one point during her career in activism, after two weeks of sit-ins she was arrested and put into jail. While in jail, the guards separated the white women from the black women. "The only connection we had with the others was the music". However, with these sit-ins, she helped contribute to the abolishing of lunch-counter segregation in Nashville. Candie notes how she was "naive" saying "I was sure we would have just a few sit-ins, point out to the nation that there was something wrong, and the world would change." In 1966, the SNCC voted to remove whites from their membership. Candie says SNCC should get more credit for reducing the fear in Mississippi and prompting many people to join the movement.
Answer: Candie was an activist who helped contribute to the abolishment of lunch counter segregation in Nashville by participating in sit-ins.  She notes that she was naive and thought a few sit-ins would bring awareness and cause the world to change.  She was arrested after two weeks of participation in these sit-ins.  The SNCC voted to remove whites from their membership in 1966, and Candie believes they should receive more credit for reducing fear in Mississippi and prompting many people to join the movement.
Question: What is Palmitoyl-CoA?
Answer: Palmitoyl-CoA is an acyl-CoA thioester. It is an "activated" form of palmitic acid and can be transported into the mitochondrial matrix by the carnitine shuttle system (which transports fatty acyl-CoA molecules into the mitochondria), and once inside can participate in beta-oxidation. Alternatively, palmitoyl-CoA is used as a substrate in the biosynthesis of sphingosine (this biosynthetic pathway does not require transfer into the mitochondria).
Question: Who is Cristiano Ronaldo?
Answer: Cristiano Ronaldo is a Portuguese professional footballer. Who played for major European clubs such as Sporing Cp, Manchester United, Real Madrid and Juventus. He has won 32 trophies in his career and five Ballon d'Or. He is regarded as one of the greatest of all time aka GOAT. Currently he plays as a forward for Saudi Professional League club Al Nassr.
Question: Plan a 10-15 day trip from bay area to Arizona, Las Vegas, San Diego, Los Angeles
Answer: If you are starting from the Bay area you can follow the following circuit for a fun road trip:
- Day 1: Drive to LA. Rest for the night
- Day 2: Spend in LA - Visit Hollywood bowl overlook, LA county museum, Universal Studios, Beverly Hill
- Day 3:  Drive to San Diego. Spend time at Laguna Beach.
- Day 4: Across days 3 and 4 plan to explore Pt Lomas, La Jolla, downtown San Diego, hotel Coronado, Japanese Garden, and old town (only after 7 pm)
- Day 5: Drive to Joshua Tree.
- Day 6: Spend at Joshua Tree. Do short hikes across the park, and visit the cholla cactus garden, hidden valley loop, skull rock, and arch rock. End day at Keys views for sunset. If it is a new moon night, spend the night time stargazing.
- Day 7: Drive to Arizona. Visit Grand Canyon
- Day 8: Spend the day at Sedona
- Day 9: Drive from Grand Canyon to Page. Stay at Page for a night. Visit Lower Antelope Canyon, lake Powell. Visit Horse Shoe Bend
- Day 10: Drive from Page to Las Vegas. Check out the Vegas Strip and visit all the fancy hotels. End the day with a show such as Cirque De Soleil or any other show going on in Vegas.
- Day 11: Drive to Death Valley. Stop at all the points of interest such as  Mesquite Sand dunes, etc. Return back to Las Vegas for the night
- Day 12: Drive back home (bay area, CA)

You can always add Utah after Arizona (Zion national park, Canyonlands, arches national park etc.) to extend the trip further to 15 full days.
Question: why is twitter messages limited to 140 characters
Answer: Twitter was originally designed for phone text messages and most phones had a limited amount of characters to send messages.
Question: What is the best way to travel to space?
Answer: For the first half dozen decades of manned missions to space, the only way to participate was to earn a highly-competitive place in the national space programs of one of just a few countries that funded missions beyond the earth's atmosphere. Today, these national space programs are supplemented by a few private ventures that offer space tourism, typically for exorbitant fees.
Question: Give me the list of philosophers of science from the 19th century
Answer: Here is the list of philosophers of science from the 19th century:

- Auguste Comte
- William Whewell
- George Henry Lewes
- William Stanley Jevons
- Ernst Mach
- Charles Sanders Peirce
- Edmund Husserl
- Frederich Engels
Question: Tell me whether these are cats or dogs: French Bulldogs, Ragdoll, British Shorthair, Labrador, Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, German Shepherds, Maine Coon, Poodles, Bulldogs, Persian, Rottweilers, Devon Rex, Beagles.
Answer: French Bulldogs are a type of dog.
Ragdoll is a type of cat.
British Shorthair is a type of cat.
Labrador Retrievers are a type of dog.
Golden Retrievers are a type of dog.
German Shepherds are a type of dog.
Maine Coon is a type of cat.
Poodles are a type of dog.
Bulldogs are a type of dog.
Persian is a type of cat.
Rottweilers are a type of dog.
Devon Rex is a type of cat.
Beagles are a type of dog.
Question: What is an aurora?
Answer: An aurora, also commonly known as the polar lights, is a natural light display in Earth's sky, predominantly seen in high-latitude regions (around the Arctic and Antarctic). Auroras display dynamic patterns of brilliant lights that appear as curtains, rays, spirals, or dynamic flickers covering the entire sky.

Auroras are the result of disturbances in the magnetosphere caused by the solar wind. Major disturbances result from enhancements in the speed of the solar wind from coronal holes and coronal mass ejections. These disturbances alter the trajectories of charged particles in the magnetospheric plasma. These particles, mainly electrons and protons, precipitate into the upper atmosphere (thermosphere/exosphere). The resulting ionisation and excitation of atmospheric constituents emit light of varying colour and complexity. The form of the aurora, occurring within bands around both polar regions, is also dependent on the amount of acceleration imparted to the precipitating particles.
Question: Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Puertasaurus, Southern rockhopper penguin
Answer: Southern rockhopper penguin is alive, Puertasaurus is extinct.
Question: Classify these emotions as positive or negative: Love, Joy, Awe, Happiness, Interest, Excitement, Sad, Fear, Distrust, Anxiety, Anger, Disgust, Trust, Apathy, Annoyance, Exuberance, Rage
Answer: Positive: Love, Joy, Awe, Happiness, Interest, Excitement, Trust, Exuberance
Negative: Sad, Fear, Distrust, Anxiety, Anger, Disgust, Apathy, Annoyance, Rage
Question: Why does moon change its shape?
Answer: Moon does not change its shape, but we see only part of the moon which makes us think that moon changes its shape. Moon does not have light of its own. It reflects light from the sun. We only see the part that reflects light. Moon goes through phases for about 30 days where its shape changes and the cycle repeats. The different phases of the moon are New Moon, Waxing Crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, third quarter, waning crescent and then new moon again . New  moon is when no moon is seen in the sky. Slowing we start seeing part of the moon. When we see crescent shape after new moon it is called waxing crescent. First quarter is when we see moon as a semi circle. We continue to see more part of the moon towards waxing gibbous and then eventually we see complete circle on Full Moon. After this, some part of the moon starts being hidden and unable to see. This result in waning gibbous. Soon we again see semi circle of the moon known as Third quarter. Parts of moon continue to get hidden and we see only a crescent shape known as waning crescent and back to New moon.
Question: Why should I use EKS over ECS?
Answer: EKS enables a greater degree of portability and reduces lock-in risks, as compared to ECS. Because it is proprietary, ECS has no equivalent in other public clouds. EKS is based on Kubernetes, which is open source and can run in any public cloud or on-premises location. EKS also provides much richer functionality in comparison with ECS.
Question: Did they experiment with the tool?
Evidence: We present two use cases on which Seshat was developped: clinical interviews, and daylong child-centered recordings.
We present two use cases on which Seshat was developped: clinical interviews, and daylong child-centered recordings.
Answer: Yes.
Question: Do the higher layers receive only the cell output or do they also have access to the slot bus?
Evidence: Finally, we generate the output state of ModeCell as Ht=ot⊙tanh(Bt). Ht is taken as inputs by the next ModeCell at the upper level when multiple ModeCells are being stacked in ModeRNN. In other words, ModeCell is to ModeRNN what LSTM is to the stacked LSTM network
Answer: As described in Section 3.2.3 in the revision, Ht is taken as inputs by the next ModeCell at the upper level when multiple ModeCells are being stacked in ModeRNN. In other words, ModeCell is to ModeRNN what LSTM is to the stacked LSTM network*.
Question: What is Transformer-XL's perplexity score?
Evidence: Transformers have recently taken the center stage in language modeling after LSTM's were considered the dominant model architecture for a long time. In this project, we investigate the performance of the Transformer architectures-BERT and Transformer-XL for the language modeling task. We use a sub-word model setting with the Finnish language and compare it to the previous State of the art (SOTA) LSTM model. BERT achieves a pseudo-perplexity score of 14.5, which is the first such measure achieved as far as we know. Transformer-XL improves upon the perplexity score to 73.58 which is 27\% better than the LSTM model.
Transformer-XL improves upon the perplexity score to 73.58 which is 27% better than the LSTM model.
Answer: 73.58.
Question: Do they visualize the difference between AM-Softmax and regular softmax?
Evidence: In the epoch 96, the proposed method has already an FER more than INLINEFORM0 better than the original SincNet for almost every value of INLINEFORM1 excluding INLINEFORM2 . The difference keeps increasing over the epochs, and at epoch 352 the proposed method has an FER of INLINEFORM3 ( INLINEFORM4 ) against INLINEFORM5 from SincNet, which means that at this epoch AM-SincNet has a Frame Error Rate approximately INLINEFORM6 better than traditional SincNet. The Figure FIGREF7 plots the Frame Error Rate on the test data for both methods along the training epochs. For the AM-SincNet, we used the margin parameter INLINEFORM7 .
FLOAT SELECTED: Fig. 3. Comparison of Frame Error Rate (%) from SincNet and AM-SincNet (m=0.50) over the training epochs for TIMIT dataset.
The Figure FIGREF7 plots the Frame Error Rate on the test data for both methods along the training epochs. 
FLOAT SELECTED: Fig. 3. Comparison of Frame Error Rate (%) from SincNet and AM-SincNet (m=0.50) over the training epochs for TIMIT dataset.
Answer: Yes.
Question: When cooking pizza, classify each item as being "Useful" or "Not Useful": Tomato Sauce, Dough, Sun, Rain, Cheese, Oven, Shower
Answer: Tomato Sauce: Useful
Dough: Useful
Sun: Not Useful
Rain: Not Useful
Cheese: Useful
Oven: Useful
Shower: Not Useful
Question: Give a list of reasons I should get a dog.
Answer: 1) Dogs are great companions. 2) It will teach my kids responsibility. 3) Dogs can serve as an alarm clock to wake my kids for school. 4) Dogs can replace a mop and broom in the kitchen for dropped food. 5) Dogs are cuddly. 6) Dogs provide constant love and affection. 7) Dogs are protective and can guard our house. 8) Dogs are built in playmates for my kids.
Question: Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Scutosaurus, Yellowfin Tuna
Answer: Yellowfin Tuna is alive, Scutosaurus is extinct.
Question: Extract the key dates and events in the life of Albert Einstein in a bulleted list in the format {date} - {event}
Evidence: Einstein was born in the German Empire, but moved to Switzerland in 1895, forsaking his German citizenship (as a subject of the Kingdom of Württemberg)[note 1] the following year. In 1897, at the age of 17, he enrolled in the mathematics and physics teaching diploma program at the Swiss Federal polytechnic school in Zürich, graduating in 1900. In 1901, he acquired Swiss citizenship, which he kept for the rest of his life, and in 1903 he secured a permanent position at the Swiss Patent Office in Bern. In 1905, he was awarded a PhD by the University of Zurich. In 1914, Einstein moved to Berlin in order to join the Prussian Academy of Sciences and the Humboldt University of Berlin. In 1917, Einstein became director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics; he also became a German citizen again, this time Prussian.

In 1933, while Einstein was visiting the United States, Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany. Einstein, as a Jew, objected to the policies of the newly elected Nazi government; he settled in the United States and became an American citizen in 1940. On the eve of World War II, he endorsed a letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt alerting him to the potential German nuclear weapons program and recommending that the US begin similar research. Einstein supported the Allies but generally denounced the idea of nuclear weapons.
Answer: 1895 - Moved to Switzerland
1897 - Enrolled in the mathematics and physics teaching diploma program at the Swiss Federal polytechnic school in Zürich
1900 - Graduated from the mathematics and physics teaching diploma program at the Swiss Federal polytechnic school
1901 - Became a Swiss citizen
1903 - Started a permanent position at the Swiss Patent Office in Bern
1905 - Awarded a PhD by the University of Zurich
1914 - Moved to Berlin to join the Prussian Academy of Sciences and the Humboldt University of Berlin
1917 - Became the director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics
1917 - Became a German citizen again
1933 - Settled in the United States
1940 - Became an American citizen
Question: Can you tell me the root of these language? Hebrew. English, Spanish, Portuguese, Romanian, Arabic, Farsi,  Italian
Answer: Yes sure!
Hebrew root is Northwest Semitic language
English is of Germanic origins
Spanish is of Latin origins
Portuguese is of Latin origins 
Romanian is of Latin origins 
Arabic is a Semitic language
Farsi  is of west Iranian origins
Italian is of Latin origins
Question: Give me a list of the great synth-pop artists and a song for each that I might not have heard.
Answer: Sure, here is a short list of Synth-pop artists with songs that you may not have heard yet:
- Blondie – Heart Of Glass (1978)
- Kraftwerk – The Model (1978)
- Gary Numan – Cars (1979)
- OMD – Electricity (1979)
- John Foxx – Underpass (1980).
Question: Can you list down some points about Jo-Anne Polak from the given text?
Evidence: Jo-Anne Polak (born 1959) was the general manager of the Ottawa Rough Riders from 1989 to 1991. Upon her appointment, Polak became the first woman executive in the Canadian Football League and the first woman general manager to lead a North American sports team. After leaving the Rough Riders, Polak primarily worked at Hill & Knowlton Canada as their vice president between the 1990s to 2000s. After becoming a general manager for Canada Post in 2008, she was named Vice President of Communications in 2011.
Answer: 1. From 1989 to 1991, Jo-Anne Polak served as the general manager of the Ottawa Rough Riders.
2. Her birth year was 1959.
3. In the Canadian Football League, Polak was the league's first female executive.
4. Polak was the first female general manager of a professional sports organisation in North America.
5. From the 1990s until the 2000s, after her time with Rough Riders, Polak worked as vice president of Hill & Knowlton Canada.
6. After joining Canada Post as a manager in 2008, she was named vice president of communications in 2011.
Question: What types of political organizations did pre-colonial Africa have?
Evidence: Pre-colonial Africa possessed perhaps as many as 10,000 different states and polities characterized by many different sorts of political organization and rule. These included small family groups of hunter-gatherers such as the San people of southern Africa; larger, more structured groups such as the family clan groupings of the Bantu-speaking peoples of central, southern, and eastern Africa; heavily structured clan groups in the Horn of Africa; the large Sahelian kingdoms; and autonomous city-states and kingdoms such as those of the Akan; Edo, Yoruba, and Igbo people in West Africa; and the Swahili coastal trading towns of Southeast Africa.
Answer: Pre-colonial Africa had many political organizations including: small family groups, larger family clan groupings, heavily structured clan groups, and autonomous city-states and kingdoms.