DataHammer/scimrc huggingface dataset:
Question: What is american football?
Answer: American football is a an American sports.  Other countries use the term "football" to refer to soccer.  American football is a team sport and two opposing teams play against each other.  The objective of the game is to get a football to the end zone of the opponent.  If you can accomplish this you score a touchdown.  The ball moves down the field when players catch the ball, and run it opposite of their own end zone.  After they score they will get the opportunity to kick a field goal as well.
Question: Why indian Marriage is so long process
Answer: 1. Its an ancient process to get married and go through all rituals for Indians. So it takes time. Because they pray for so long in a Marriage
Question: Name a very famous family of composers & musicians of late baroque
Answer: Bach family gave to the world few famous composers - Johann Sebastian Bach, Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, Wilhelm Friedemann Bach, Johann Christian Bach and others
Question: Is the confidence score missing in the paper?
Evidence: Table and Table show the performance comparison on two different imbalanced CIFAR10 datasets. In these two tables, we use bold values to denote the highest accuracy among all methods and use the underline values to indicate our SRAT variants which achieve the highest accuracy among their corresponding baseline methods utilizing the same loss function for making predictions. Due to the limited space, we report the performance comparison on other imbalanced datasets created from CIFAR10, CIFAR100 and SVHN datasets in Appendix A.6.
From Table, we can make the following observations. First, compared to baseline methods, our SRAT method obtains improved performance in terms of both overall standard & robust accuracy under almost all imbalanced settings. More importantly, SRAT makes significant improvements on those under-represented classes, especially under the extremely imbalanced settings. For the CIFAR10 Step-100 dataset, our SRAT-Focal method improves the standard accuracy on under-represented classes from 21.81% achieved by the best baseline method utilizing Focal loss to 51.83% and robust accuracy from 3.24% to 15.89%. These results demonstrate that our SRAT method is able to obtain more robustness under imbalanced settings. Second, the performance gap among three SRAT variants are mainly caused by the gap between the loss functions in these methods. As shown in these two tables, DRCB-LDAM typically performs better than DRCE-CE and DRCB-Focal, and similarly, SRAT-LDAM outperforms SRAT-CE and SRAT-Focal under the same settings.
In these two tables, we use bold values to denote the highest accuracy among all methods and use the underline values to indicate our SRAT variants which achieve the highest accuracy among their
corresponding baseline methods utilizing the same loss function for making predictions.
Answer: In our revised version, We updated all result tables to include mean and variance of models' performance obtained from three times trials with different model initialization. Based on our experimental results, we observed that our SRAT method outperforms all baseline methods under most imbalanced scenarios.
Question: Why is pickleball the greatest sport on the planet?
Answer: Pickleball is a wonderful sport, though it is arguable if it is the greatest sport on the planet. Pickeball requires little skill to get started, you simply need to be able to hit a ball with a raquet and move around a small court. Pickeball is a cross between ping pong and tennis but is simpler. It gets you moving and is fast-paced without requiring significant kill or practice. Pickleball is a social sport, it is usually played in groups of two or four and people generally play multiple games in a setting.
Question: What is data warehousing?
Evidence: In computing, a data warehouse (DW or DWH), also known as an enterprise data warehouse (EDW), is a system used for reporting and data analysis and is considered a core component of business intelligence. DWs are central repositories of integrated data from one or more disparate sources. They store current and historical data in one single place that are used for creating analytical reports for workers throughout the enterprise. This is beneficial for companies as it enables them to interrogate and draw insights from their data and make decisions.

The data stored in the warehouse is uploaded from the operational systems (such as marketing or sales). The data may pass through an operational data store and may require data cleansing for additional operations to ensure data quality before it is used in the DW for reporting.

Extract, transform, load (ETL) and extract, load, transform (ELT) are the two main approaches used to build a data warehouse system.
Answer: A centralized repository of data from multiple source systems organized in subject areas typically in 3NF or dimensional data modeling techniques.
Question: What is the previous model that attempted to tackle multi-span questions as a part of its design?
Evidence: MTMSN BIBREF4 is the first, and only model so far, that specifically tried to tackle the multi-span questions of DROP. Their approach consisted of two parts. The first was to train a dedicated categorical variable to predict the number of spans to extract. The second was to generalize the single-span head method of extracting a span, by utilizing the non-maximum suppression (NMS) algorithm BIBREF7 to find the most probable set of non-overlapping spans. The number of spans to extract was determined by the aforementioned categorical variable.
MTMSN BIBREF4 is the first, and only model so far, that specifically tried to tackle the multi-span questions of DROP. 
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* MTMSN BIBREF4
Question: Tell me who were the last three monarchs of the United Kingdom. Give it to me in a bulleted list with the format <name> (<start date> - <end date>)
Answer: The last three monarchs of the United Kingdom are:
- Charles III (8 September 2022 - Present)
- Elizabeth II (6 February 1952 - 8 September 2022)
- George VI (11 December 1936 - 6 February 1952)
Question: How can I change a bad habit?
Answer: Each habit has a trigger event, an action you subconsciously take after the trigger event happens, and the reward that make you keep following the same habit. When you say a habit is bad, it actually means the action you take after the trigger event is something you do not want to keep doing.

An effective way to make changes is to replace the action to something different. To make this alternative action effective, this action will need to also produce the reward that your brain is seeking for. 

In order to find an effective alternative action, you will need to understand what is your trigger and what is the reward. 

Figuring out the trigger is the first step. You can try to think about what happened when you started to take actions. One way to find the pattern is to write down what happened. Then, you can look at them to find the pattern. 

Once you find out the trigger, you can try to remind you to change your action after experiencing the trigger event. With your changed action, you will be able to gradually figure out the reward hidden in your old habit. Some actions will not give you the satisfying feeling like old time. After some try-and-error, you can likely tell the new action that actually gives you the same satisfying feeling. Then, you can keep following the new action. Essentially, this new action helps you form the new habit, which suppress the old habit. 

Finally, please note that when you are having extra stress, you may find it is harder to follow the new habit and start to worry about picking up the old habit again. Please trust yourself to keep the new habit. You faith will help you push through difficult situations.
Question: Extract from the text the year in which Esko Olavi Ahonen was born
Evidence: Esko Olavi Ahonen (born June 13, 1955 in Evijärvi) is a Finnish politician and member of the parliament from the Centre Party. He was elected to Parliament of Finland in 2003 for the constituency of Vaasa. In the 2011 election he was dropped out of the parliament.
Answer: 1955
Question: When was Suntory established?
Evidence: Suntory Holdings Limited (サントリーホールディングス株式会社, Santorī Hōrudingusu Kabushiki-gaisha) (commonly referred to as simply Suntory) is a Japanese multinational brewing and distilling company group. Established in 1899, it is one of the oldest companies in the distribution of alcoholic beverages in Japan, and makes Japanese whisky. Its business has expanded to other fields, and the company now also makes soft drinks and operates sandwich chains. With its 2014 acquisition of Beam, Inc., it has diversified internationally and become the third largest maker of distilled beverages in the world. Suntory is headquartered in Dojimahama 2-chome, Kita-ku, Osaka, Osaka Prefecture. Suntory Beverage & Food Limited (サントリー食品インターナショナル株式会社, Santorī shokuhin
Answer: Suntory was established in 1899
Question: List some of the television gameshows that Bob Stewart created, co-created, and/or produced.
Answer: The Price is Right, Password, To Tell the Truth, Pyramid shows (such as the $10,000 Pyramid, the $25,000 Pyramid, and so on), Jackpot!, Winning Streak
Question: How should I clean a stainless steel pan?
Answer: The simplest way is to add soapy water to the pan and bring it to a boil. Scraping off the food bits with a wooden spatula becomes easy then. For tougher stains you should use a combination of baking soda and vinegar. Let the mixture sit in the pan for a while, rinse it out, and then follow the soapy water procedure.
Question: What are three mammals found within San Mateo County?
Evidence: The county is home to several endangered species including the San Francisco garter snake and the San Bruno elfin butterfly, both of which are endemic to San Mateo County. The endangered Ridgway's Rail is also found on the shores of San Francisco Bay, in the cities of Belmont and San Mateo. The endangered wildflower Hickman's potentilla is found near the Pacific Ocean on the lower slopes of Montara Mountain. The endangered wildflowers White-rayed pentachaeta, Pentachaeta bellidiflora, San Mateo Woolly Sunflower, Eriophyllum latilobum, Marin Dwarf Flax, Hesperolinon congestum and the San Mateo Thornmint, Acanthomintha duttonii, are found in the vicinity of the Crystal Springs Reservoir.

In May 2014, a California condor was spotted near Pescadero, a coastal community south of San Francisco—it was the first California condor spotted in San Mateo County since 1904. The condor, tagged with the number "597", and also known as "Lupine", is one of 439 condors living in the wild or captivity in California, Baja California and Arizona. The three-year-old female flew more than 100 miles (160 km) north from Pinnacles National Park, in San Benito County, on May 30, and landed on a private, forested property near Pescadero, on the San Mateo County Coast, where it was photographed by a motion-activated wildlife camera. Harold Heath, Professor Emeritus, of Stanford University was responsible for the 1904 sighting, 1 mile (1.6 km) west of the University campus.

Pumas (Puma concolor), also known as cougars or mountain lions, roam the county.

Tule elk (Cervus canadensis nannodes) were native to San Mateo County and among the "favored foods" of the Ohlone people based on ethnohistoric and archeological evidence there. The discovery of two elk specimens made news in 1962, one a royal elk (royal elk bulls have six tines per antler) from a peat bog excavated in Pacifica's historic Laguna Alta, and now in the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology collection. These may date from the time of Spanish settlement. Laguna Alta lay just south of the Interstate 280 and Skyline Boulevard intersection, east of Mussel Rock. The California Academy of Sciences also has an elk skull fragment collected one mile inland from the mouth of Purisima Creek in 1951. Additional coastal elk remains dating from the Middle and Late Periods in Northern California were found in at least five more late Holocene archeological sites in San Mateo County: SMA-115 (Montara State Beach site), SMA-118 (Bean Hollow State Beach site), SMA-244 (Butano Ridge site), SMA-97 (Año Nuevo Creek site) and SMA-218 (Año Nuevo State Reserve site). On the eastern side of the San Francisco Peninsula, elk remains were also unearthed at multiple archaeological sites along San Francisquito Creek.
Answer: Pumas and tule elk are two mammal species found in San Mateo County.
Question: What talk is filtered by authors?
Evidence: The data for this study was gathered from the ted.com website on November 15, 2017. We removed the talks published six months before the crawling date to make sure each talk has enough ratings for a robust analysis. More specifically, we filtered any talk that—
More specifically, we filtered any talk that— 1. was published less than 6 months prior to the crawling date, 2. contained any of the following keywords: live music, dance, music, performance, entertainment, or, 3. contained less than 450 words in the transcript.
Answer: 1. was published less than 6 months prior to the crawling date, 2. contained any of the following keywords: live music, dance, music, performance, entertainment, or, 3. contained less than 450 words in the transcript.
Question: What language is the Twitter content in?
Evidence: In this work, we analyze a set of tweets related to a specific classical music radio channel, BBC Radio 3, interested in detecting two types of musical named entities, Contributor and Musical Work.
In this work, we analyze a set of tweets related to a specific classical music radio channel, BBC Radio 3, interested in detecting two types of musical named entities, Contributor and Musical Work.
Answer: English
Question: How many tasks were employed to test the impact of shallow syntax?
Evidence: Our experiments evaluate the effect of shallow syntax, via contextualization (mSynC, §SECREF2) and features (§SECREF3). We provide comparisons with four baselines—ELMo-transformer BIBREF0, our reimplementation of the same, as well as two cwr-free baselines, with and without shallow syntactic features. Both ELMo-transformer and mSynC are trained on the 1B word benchmark corpus BIBREF19; the latter also employs chunk annotations (§SECREF2). Experimental settings are detailed in Appendix §SECREF22.
We employ four tasks to test the impact of shallow syntax. The first three, namely, coarse and fine-grained named entity recognition (NER), and constituency parsing, are span-based; the fourth is a sentence-level sentiment classification task.
Answer: Four tasks.
Question: How would you go about a planning a backpacking trip into the Grand Canyon National Park.
Answer: Suppose you wish to camp anywhere in the park other than in developed campgrounds on the North or South Rim. In that case, you must obtain a permit from the Backcountry Information Center. Camping sites are limited in the Grand Canyon, and spots are issued four months before a given month. E.g., For January, permit applications should be submitted between Aug 20 and Sep 1 to be considered "earliest requested."
For requests received during the Earliest Consideration period, the day received does not matter; all Earliest Consideration requests received during this span of dates are treated the same. It may take Rangers up to three weeks to process all Earliest Consideration requests.
Subsequent Requests: Once all Earliest Consideration requests are processed, Rangers will begin processing written requests received on subsequent dates. These Subsequent Requests are kept and considered in the order received. Submissions will be accepted as late as two weeks before a hike start date.
 
If your permit request is selected, you must diligently plan your trip. You will need to carry everything you need for the duration of your journey with you except for water which is few and far between. Know where the water sources are on your route and carry filtration devices, water purification equipment, and backup equipment. The hotter the trip, the more water you will require. Have a plan for where the necessary water will be on your route, and double-check with the park service ahead of time that water is still there. Dehydration is the number one reason for rescue and death in the canyon. Some springs dry up in the summer months.
 
Travel as light as possible; you must pack everything you bring into the canyon, including used toilet paper.    Plan each meal, knowing how much calories and water you consume based on your planned exertion level. Calorie and water requirements also change based on temperature (the hotter the day, the more water and food you will need). Also, make sure you have the appropriate gear based on temperatures. It is approximately 20 degrees cooler at the top of the canyon than at the bottom because there is a 5000 feet vertical difference at the South Rim and 6000 at the North Rim. Ensure your footwear is "broken in", and carry first-aid kits with particular attention to foot care, such as blister pads and moleskin.   
 
Start with shorter, more leisurely trips; if you like them, move up to more adventurous multi-day trips. Plan on rest days when you can enjoy the majestic scenery of one of the world's natural wonders. Above all, enjoy the canyon; it's a magical place 6 million years in the making that exposes geology over 4 billion years old.
Question: Classify each of the following as either a flying or aquatic animal: salmon, eagle, dolphin, whale, octopus, bat, goose
Answer: Among the given list, salmon, dolphin, whale, octopus are aquatic animals whereas eagle, bat and goose are flying animals.
Question: Extract the best known types of wood-decay fungi described in this paragraph and list them in a bulleted list.
Evidence: Wood-decay fungi can be classified according to the type of decay that they cause. The best-known types are brown rot, soft rot, and white rot. Each produce different enzymes, can degrade different plant materials, and can colonise different environmental niches. Brown rot and soft rot both digest a tree's cellulose and hemicellulose but not its lignin; white rot digests lignin as well. The residual products of decomposition from fungal action have variable pH, solubility and redox potentials. Over time this residue becomes incorporated in the soil and sediment so can have a noticeable effect on the environment of that area.
Answer: The best known types of wood-decay fungi are:
- Brown rot
- Soft rot
- White rot
Question: What data was used in the paper?
Evidence: In this paper, we used the supervisor assessment and peer feedback text produced during the performance appraisal of 4528 employees in a large multi-national IT company. The corpus of supervisor assessment has 26972 sentences. The summary statistics about the number of words in a sentence is: min:4 max:217 average:15.5 STDEV:9.2 Q1:9 Q2:14 Q3:19.
In this paper, we used the supervisor assessment and peer feedback text produced during the performance appraisal of 4528 employees in a large multi-national IT company. The corpus of supervisor assessment has 26972 sentences. The summary statistics about the number of words in a sentence is: min:4 max:217 average:15.5 STDEV:9.2 Q1:9 Q2:14 Q3:19.
Answer: They used the supervisor assessment and peer feedback text produced during the performance appraisal of 4528 employees in a large multi-national IT company.
Question: How do they compress the model?
Evidence: For model distillation BIBREF6 , we extract sentences from Wikipedia in languages for which public multilingual is pretrained. For each sentence, we use the open-source BERT wordpiece tokenizer BIBREF4 , BIBREF1 and compute cross-entropy loss for each wordpiece: INLINEFORM0
where INLINEFORM0 is the cross-entropy function, INLINEFORM1 is the softmax function, INLINEFORM2 is the BERT model's logit of the current wordpiece, INLINEFORM3 is the small BERT model's logits and INLINEFORM4 is a temperature hyperparameter, explained in Section SECREF11 .
To train the distilled multilingual model mMiniBERT, we first use the distillation loss above to train the student from scratch using the teacher's logits on unlabeled data. Afterwards, we finetune the student model on the labeled data the teacher is trained on.
For model distillation BIBREF6 , we extract sentences from Wikipedia in languages for which public multilingual is pretrained. For each sentence, we use the open-source BERT wordpiece tokenizer BIBREF4 , BIBREF1 and compute cross-entropy loss for each wordpiece: INLINEFORM0

where INLINEFORM0 is the cross-entropy function, INLINEFORM1 is the softmax function, INLINEFORM2 is the BERT model's logit of the current wordpiece, INLINEFORM3 is the small BERT model's logits and INLINEFORM4 is a temperature hyperparameter, explained in Section SECREF11 .

To train the distilled multilingual model mMiniBERT, we first use the distillation loss above to train the student from scratch using the teacher's logits on unlabeled data. Afterwards, we finetune the student model on the labeled data the teacher is trained on.
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* we extract sentences from Wikipedia in languages for which public multilingual is pretrained. For each sentence, we use the open-source BERT wordpiece tokenizer BIBREF4 , BIBREF1 and compute cross-entropy loss for each wordpiece: INLINEFORM0
Question: Why is baseball considered such a quintessential US sport?
Answer: There are many factors that make many Americans think of baseball as "America's pastime."  Possibly the biggest factor is that baseball has been played for so long that it's history ties together generations of Americans through their common rooting interest in their favorite teams.  Another reason: baseball players became celebrities and figures in pop culture long before such a thing was common in other sports.  While baseball has lagged in growth in recent times when compared to leagues such as the NFL and the NBA, it is still a vibrant sport with large revenues and extremely passionate fan bases around the country.
Question: Should I buy a Shinkansen Rail Pass if I visit Japan?
Answer: Shinkansen Rail Pass is quite expensive. The cost is slightly cheaper comparing with Shinkansen round trip between Tokyo and Osaka. If you are planning to have a round trip between these 2 cities, then you should definitely consider to get a Shinkansen Rail Pass. If your Shinkansen trip is shorter than that, you probably better estimate the railway cost before get the Shinkansen Rail Pass.
Question: Identify which car manufacturer is French or American: Renault, RAM
Answer: RAM is American, Renault is French