DataHammer/scimrc huggingface dataset:
Question: what was population of India during Mauryan Era?
Evidence: Prehistory to early 19th century
The following table lists estimates for the population of India (including what are now Pakistan and Bangladesh) from prehistory up until 1820. It includes estimates and growth rates according to five economic historians, along with interpolated estimates and overall aggregate averages derived from their estimates.[citation needed]

Estimates of historical world population

Year	Aggregate average	Period	Average
 % growth
/ century
Population	% of World population
10,000 BC	1,000	0.83%	Stone Age	30.28
4000 BC	1,000,000	30.83%
2000 BC	13,000,000	37.143%	Bronze Age	26.25
500 BC	25,000,000	41.70%	Iron Age	
400 BC	26,000,000	43.96%
200 BC	31,000,000	47.63%	Maurya era	
1 AD	35,000,000	35.56%	Classical
era	
200	41,000,000	36.15%
400	47,000,000	40%
500	50,000,000	43.58%
600	53,000,000	48.83%	Early
medieval
era	
700	60,000,000	56.67%
800	64,000,000	55%
900	70,000,000	53.34%
1000	79,000,000	30%
1100	83,000,000	35%	Late
medieval
era	
1200	86,000,000	36.67%
1300	91,000,000	38.34%
1400	97,000,000	30%
1500	105,000,000	21.67%
1600	140,000,000	23.33%	Early modern era	
1650	170,000,000	26.15%
1700	140,000,000	20%
1750	183,000,000	21.53%
1800	200,000,000	20%
1820	210,000,000	19.09%
The population grew from the South Asian Stone Age in 10,000 BC to the Maurya Empire in 200 BC at a steadily increasing growth rate, before population growth slowed down in the Early Medieval Era up to 700 AD, and then started decreasing the up to 1500 AD.

Under Mughal Empire, India experienced a high economic and demographic upsurge, due to Mughal agrarian reforms that intensified agricultural production. 15% of the population lived in urban centres, higher than the percentage of the population in 19th-century British India and contemporary Europe up until the 19th century. Those estimates were criticised by Tim Dyson, who considers them exaggerations. According to Dyson, urbanisation of the Mughal empire was less than 9%

Under the reign of Akbar (reigned 1556–1605) in 1600, the Mughal Empire's urban population was up to 17 million people, larger than the urban population in Europe. By 1700, Mughal India had an urban population of 23 million people, larger than British India's urban population of 22.3 million in 1871. Nizamuddin Ahmad (1551–1621) reported that, under Akbar's reign, Mughal India had 120 large cities and 3,200 townships. A number of cities in India had a population between a quarter-million and half-million people, with larger cities including Agra (in Agra Subah) with up to 800,000 people and Dhaka (in Bengal Subah) with over 1 million people. Mughal India also had a large number of villages, with 455,698 villages by the time of Aurangzeb (reigned 1658–1707).
Answer: It was around 31,000,000 during Maurya Era (200BC) .
Question: Given this paragraph about National Beer Day in the United States, which president signed National Beer Day into law?
Evidence: National Beer Day is celebrated in the United States every year on April 7, marking the day that the Cullen–Harrison Act came into force after having been signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on March 22, 1933. This led to the Eighteenth Amendment being repealed on December 5, 1933, with the ratification of the Twenty-first Amendment. April 6, the day prior to National Beer Day, is known as New Beer's Eve.
Answer: Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Question: I am looking into buying a new monitor, how do I know which one I should buy?
Answer: It depends a lot on the use case and how much money you want to spend. First decide on a budget. After that you should decide on what size the monitor should have. Then, within that size and budget range take a look at different features such as resolution, color accuracy, refresh rate and connectivity options. A high resolution is good for work and gaming but also requires a good graphics card. Color accuracy is important if you plan to use the monitor for artistic work, such as editing movies and images. Refresh rate is important if you plan to do gaming, especially online. Connectivity options such as power delivery over USB-C is important if you want to simply connect the monitor with a laptop.
Question: Which countries produces the most wine?
Answer: As of 2021, the following countries have produced the most wine (decreasing order):
- Italy
- France
- Spain
- United States of America
- Australia
- Chile
- Argentina
- South Africa
- Germany
- Portugal
Question: How were their results compared to state-of-the-art?
Evidence: Table TABREF48 shows the BLEU score of all three models based on English-Hindi, Hindi-English on CFILT's test dataset respectively. From the results which we get, it is evident that the transformer model achieves higher BLEU score than both Attention encoder-decoder and sequence-sequence model. Attention encoder-decoder achieves better BLEU score and sequence-sequence model performs the worst out of the three which further consolidates the point that if we are dealing with long source and target sentences then attention mechanism is very much required to capture long term dependencies and we can solely rely on the attention mechanism, overthrowing recurrent cells completely for the machine translation task.
From the results which we get, it is evident that the transformer model achieves higher BLEU score than both Attention encoder-decoder and sequence-sequence model.
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* transformer model achieves higher BLEU score than both Attention encoder-decoder and sequence-sequence model
Question: What do people usually do at a birthday party?
Answer: It is traditional for people to celebrate their birthdays with a party by inviting friends and family. You usually see a birthday cake with candles. People like to sing the "happy birthday" song together. Often there can be games come along designed by the host. For example, some people may prepare trivia questions related to their personal hobbies for attendees to answer. Balloons, flowers, banners are common decorations at a birthday party.
Question: how to fight a speeding ticket?
Answer: Three common ways to resolve a speeding tickets are 1. taking a defensive driving course: it takes about 20 hours to complete the course content but you can speed it up by playing the videos at 2x speed with a chrome plug-in. Some people just let the video play like background noise and do whatever is on the side.  2. hire an attorney to take care of it, the cost depends on your ticket details and varies based on attorneys. But it is the most care-free way as the attorney deals with the court on your behalf. There is no guarantee it always succeeds though. 3. go to the court yourself and fight it. This takes a lot of gut because you will need to face the judge and prosecuting attorney or the traffic policy on the court the defend yourself.
Question: What are the different air routes for traveling between Genova (GOA) and San Francisco (SFO) from fastest to longest?
Answer: 1 - GOA-MUC-SFO (United Airlines)
2 - GOA-FRA-SFO (United Airlines)
3 - GOA-AMS-SFO (KLM)
4 - GOA-FCO-SFO (ITA Airways)
5 - GOA-FCO-JFK-SFO (ITA Airways + Delta Airlines)
6 - GOA-FCO-LAX-SFO (ITA Airways + Delta Airlines)
7 - GOA-AMS-JFK-SFO (KLM + Delta Airlines)
8 - GOA-AMS-ATL-SFO (KLM + Delta Airlines)
9 - GOA-AMS-MSP-SFO (KLM + Delta Airlines)
Question: In what century was the airplane commercialized?
Answer: Commercial airplanes became available in the 20th century
Question: Give me a list of popular news podcast to listen to
Answer: The Daily, Up First, Pod Save America, Global News Podcast, Morning Wire
Question: Why do my fingers hurt when playing guitar?
Answer: While learning guitar, it is very common for finger tips to hurt. Usually what occurs with practice is the development of tougher skin called calluses that make the guitar less painful to play.
Question: Given this paragraph about the history of the Calgary Flames hockey team, what year did the Calgary Flames win their only Stanley Cup
Evidence: The team was founded in 1972 in Atlanta as the Atlanta Flames before relocating to Calgary in 1980. The Flames played their first three seasons in Calgary at the Stampede Corral before moving into the Scotiabank Saddledome (originally the Olympic Saddledome) in 1983. In 1985–86, the Flames became the first Calgary team since the 1923–24 Tigers to compete for the Stanley Cup. In 1988–89, the Flames won their first and only Stanley Cup title. The Flames' unexpected run to the 2004 Stanley Cup Finals gave rise to the Red Mile, and in 2011, the team hosted and won the second Heritage Classic outdoor game.
Answer: The Calgary Flames won their only Stanley Cup in 1989
Question: Are humans animals?
Answer: Yes, humans are animals; humans are mammals related to the great apes. Other mammals include bears, dogs, and cats. Other non-mammalian animals include penguins, lobsters, and alligators. Even insects such as bees and flies are animals, though they are not mammals.
Question: What are the options to get from South Shields to North Shields by public transport and which is the quickest option
Answer: There are 3 options to get from South Shields to North Shields.  1) Take the Shields Ferry from South Shields to North Fields, 2) take the Metro Yellow Line from South Shields to Jarrow and at Jarrow transfer to the number 10 bus to North Shields, 3) take the Metro Yellow Line from South Shields towards St James via Whitley Bay, getting off at the North Shields stop.  The quickest option is the Shields Ferry, which takes approximately 35 minutes
Question: Classify each of the following exercises as cardio or weights: bench press, running, cycling, squat, jump roping, curl
Answer: Bench Press: Weights
Running: Cardio
Cycling: Cardio
Squat: Weights
Jump Roping: Cardio
Curl: Weights
Question: What instances does this dataset contain?
Evidence: We build and test our MMT models on the Multi30K dataset BIBREF21 . Each image in Multi30K contains one English (EN) description taken from Flickr30K BIBREF22 and human translations into German (DE), French (FR) and Czech BIBREF23 , BIBREF24 , BIBREF25 . The dataset contains 29,000 instances for training, 1,014 for development, and 1,000 for test. We only experiment with German and French, which are languages for which we have in-house expertise for the type of analysis we present. In addition to the official Multi30K test set (test 2016), we also use the test set from the latest WMT evaluation competition, test 2018 BIBREF25 .
The dataset contains 29,000 instances for training, 1,014 for development, and 1,000 for test.
Answer: The dataset contains 29,000 instances for training, 1,014 for development, and 1,000 for test.
Question: What the 4 last saved models (with models saved every 30000 mini batches) do the authors use for?
Evidence: We participated in the WMT 2016 shared news translation task by building neural translation systems for four language pairs: English INLINEFORM0 Czech, English INLINEFORM1 German, English INLINEFORM2 Romanian and English INLINEFORM3 Russian. Our systems are based on an attentional encoder-decoder BIBREF0 , using BPE subword segmentation for open-vocabulary translation with a fixed vocabulary BIBREF1 . We experimented with using automatic back-translations of the monolingual News corpus as additional training data BIBREF2 , pervasive dropout BIBREF3 , and target-bidirectional models.
We perform early stopping for single models, and use the 4 last saved models (with models saved every 30000 minibatches) for the ensemble results.
Answer: Ensemble results.
Question: How can you identify and suss out misinformation seen in so-called news stories and on social media?
Answer: Be sure to inspect the source of the content - look for known news organizations that are domestic or internationally recognized. Be leery of sources that you've never heard of (even if these sound legitimate) and when in doubt, search for information about the publication's ownership. It may be a government-backed entity or some other group regurgitating propaganda to further a specific cause. It is also important to go to the primary source wherever possible. This means if the article quotes a person/company/government/other entity, check that entity's website or social media feed to see if you can independently verify the information. Sometimes, propaganda can manufacture quotes or attribution and simply corroborating on your own can uncover lies and misinformation.
Question: What are some ways to reuse smoked brisket?
Answer: Smoked brisket is delicious and can be reused in many ways, including:
Brisket rague
Bristet tacos
Brisket nachos
Chopped brisket sandwiches
Brisket stroganoff
Brisket with broccoli and rice
Brisket melt sandwiches
Brisket hash
Brisket omelets
Brisket scramble
Chopped brisket salad
Question: What is the size of the dataset?
Evidence: We obtained 9,892 stories of sexual harassment incidents that was reported on Safecity. Those stories include a text description, along with tags of the forms of harassment, e.g. commenting, ogling and groping. A dataset of these stories was published by Karlekar and Bansal karlekar2018safecity. In addition to the forms of harassment, we manually annotated each story with the key elements (i.e. “harasser", “time", “location", “trigger"), because they are essential to uncover the harassment patterns. An example is shown in Figure FIGREF3. Furthermore, we also assigned each story classification labels in five dimensions (Table TABREF4). The detailed definitions of classifications in all dimensions are explained below.
We obtained 9,892 stories of sexual harassment incidents that was reported on Safecity. Those stories include a text description, along with tags of the forms of harassment, e.g. commenting, ogling and groping. A dataset of these stories was published by Karlekar and Bansal karlekar2018safecity. In addition to the forms of harassment, we manually annotated each story with the key elements (i.e. “harasser", “time", “location", “trigger"), because they are essential to uncover the harassment patterns. An example is shown in Figure FIGREF3. Furthermore, we also assigned each story classification labels in five dimensions (Table TABREF4). The detailed definitions of classifications in all dimensions are explained below.
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
*  9,892 stories of sexual harassment incidents
Question: What are the main types of Thai curries?
Answer: Green curry
Red Curry
Yellow Curry
Massaman Curry
Panang Curry
Question: What are the options for you to use as an egg substitute when you are vegan?
Answer: When you are vegan you don’t eat any animal products or by-products. Depending on what you are making and what you are looking for from a taste perspective there are several options for you to substitute eggs. 

Silken Tofu - If you are making a vegan scramble, quiche, or homemade vegan mayonnaise. The creamy texture can help mimic the egg’s soft texture in your breakfast meals and desserts.
Unsweetened applesauce - You can use a quarter cup of unsweetened applesauce for one egg. It adds moisture and sweetness to what you are making. The natural fruit pectin also helps bind the ingredients. It can be dense than an egg in your baking so you may need to use a teaspoon of baking powder to encourage fluffiness. 
Mashed banana - This has a very distinct flavor, so only use it in recipes when you think the banana flavor will complement what you are making. This works well in pancakes, brownies, and banana bread. You can use a ripe medium mashed banana for every large egg. The starches and sugars in the banana help develop a beautiful golden brown crust. 
Aquafaba - This is an ideal substitute for egg whites, giving your dessert structure. Take three tablespoons of liquid from inside your can of chickpeas and whip them to a fluffy consistency. 
Flaxseeds or Chia Seeds - This is best for recipes that don’t require too many eggs. Combine one tablespoon of seeds with three tablespoons of water for every large egg. Let it sit for 20 minutes to get a slimy mixture that mimics and egg.
Baking Soda and Vinegar - Mix a teaspoon of baking soda and a tablespoon of white vinegar together to help create the air bubbles needed in things like pancakes, cookies, and quick breads. This is ideal where two or less eggs are needed.
Question: How many layers does their system have?
Evidence: FLOAT SELECTED: Figure 1. BERT + Bi-GRU + CRF, Final Architecture Chosen For Topic Detection Task.
FLOAT SELECTED: Figure 1. BERT + Bi-GRU + CRF, Final Architecture Chosen For Topic Detection Task.
Answer: 4 layers
Question: What type of weather is San Francisco famous for?
Answer: San Francisco is a famously foggy city
Question: Who will win F1 championship in the world 2023
Answer: Max Vestrapen
Question: Classify these items as likely to be found in a bedroom vs likely to be found in a park: laptop, water glass, grass, trail, water, rocks, pillow, curtains.
Answer: Laptop, water glass, pillow and curtains are all more likely to be found in a bedroom.

Grass, trail, and rocks are more likely to be found in a park.

Water is likely to be found in a bedroom in a glass for drinking, but could also be found in a park in the form of a lake or stream.
Question: Give me a list of common German car manufacturers
Answer: Here are some common German car manufacturers: 
Audi
BMW 
Mercedes Benz
Opel
Porsche 
Volkswagen
Question: From the passage list down the religious aspects of a funeral. List the results in comma separated format.
Evidence: A funeral is a ceremony connected with the final disposition of a corpse, such as a burial or cremation, with the attendant observances. Funerary customs comprise the complex of beliefs and practices used by a culture to remember and respect the dead, from interment, to various monuments, prayers, and rituals undertaken in their honor. Customs vary between cultures and religious groups. Funerals have both normative and legal components. Common secular motivations for funerals include mourning the deceased, celebrating their life, and offering support and sympathy to the bereaved; additionally, funerals may have religious aspects that are intended to help the soul of the deceased reach the afterlife, resurrection or reincarnation.

The funeral usually includes a ritual through which the corpse receives a final disposition. Depending on culture and religion, these can involve either the destruction of the body (for example, by cremation or sky burial) or its preservation (for example, by mummification or interment). Differing beliefs about cleanliness and the relationship between body and soul are reflected in funerary practices. A memorial service (or celebration of life) is a funerary ceremony that is performed without the remains of the deceased person.

The word funeral comes from the Latin funus, which had a variety of meanings, including the corpse and the funerary rites themselves. Funerary art is art produced in connection with burials, including many kinds of tombs, and objects specially made for burial like flowers with a corpse.
Answer: afterlife, resurrection, reincarnation
Question: What is non dual philosophy?
Answer: The word non dual refers to things or experiences that happen to us which has the  characteristics of uniformity. As an example in daily life we see or experience highs and lows, haves and have nots that result in emotions or feelings of happiness or sadness. The concept of non duality is to go deep within and understand that everything is temporary, and experience things before human thought labels each experience as good or bad.
Question: Give me a list of the five most recent NBA champions.
Answer: 1. Golden State Warriors (2022)
2. Milwaukee Bucks (2021)
3. Los Angeles Lakers (2020)
4. Toronto Raptors (2019)
5. Golden State Warriors (2018)
Question: Which is a species of fish? Grass carp or Grass
Answer: Grass carp
Question: What annotations are available in the dataset?
Evidence: Claims and impact votes. We collected 47,219 claims from kialo.com for 741 controversial topics and their corresponding impact votes. Impact votes are provided by the users of the platform to evaluate how impactful a particular claim is. Users can pick one of 5 possible impact labels for a particular claim: no impact, low impact, medium impact, high impact and very high impact. While evaluating the impact of a claim, users have access to the full argument context and therefore, they can assess how impactful a claim is in the given context of an argument. An interesting observation is that, in this dataset, the same claim can have different impact labels depending on the context in which it is presented.
 Impact votes are provided by the users of the platform to evaluate how impactful a particular claim is. Users can pick one of 5 possible impact labels for a particular claim: no impact, low impact, medium impact, high impact and very high impact. While evaluating the impact of a claim, users have access to the full argument context and therefore, they can assess how impactful a claim is in the given context of an argument.
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* 5 possible impact labels for a particular claim: no impact, low impact, medium impact, high impact and very high impact
Question: What are the various methods to offer support for the improvement of the traditionally underprivileged sections of the society?
Answer: In many societies there are sections of people who are underprivileged. These people could be underprivileged because of several factors: ethnicity, religion, colour, language, nationality, gender, etc. The other people who do not come under the underprivileged section are the normal people.

The underprivileged people suffer major struggles in their life over decades or sometime over centuries. On the social development indices such as literacy, life expectancy, incarceration, health conditions, etc.. the underprivileged people lag behind the normal people significantly. Examples of underprivileged people include the indigenous people in many countries such as Australia, New Zealand, Canada, USA and also the people of African descent in the USA. 

The people from the underprivileged communities have to brought into the mainstream and in order to achieve this objective,  the required job and career opportunities have to be created. Education is a powerful tool to equip the people to gain the skills required to perform the roles. These people have been deprived of education for a long time and so the governments and the social leaders have to take the initiatives to extend education to the underprivileged. There has to be a concerted effort over a long time, some times for even 50 to 100 years, to improve the skill levels of the underprivileged people by focusing on education and training.

The underprivileged people have to be empowered citizens of the society. In order to enable these people to overcome the handicap of the suppression they have suffered for a long time, leaders from these communities have to be involved in the decision making and governance forums in the society.  As an example, in Indian Parliament around 24% of the seats are reserved only for people from the underprivileged sections to contest and get elected to become members of the parliament. Using this model to reserve seats for the. underprivileged in the governance bodies, we can provide opportunity for the underprivileged to participate in the governance and enact laws that will protect their interests. 

A combination of education and empowerment would go a long way in improving the life of the underprivileged people in the society.
Question: Why did George HW Bush lose the presidency?
Evidence: Bush lost the 1992 presidential election to Democrat Bill Clinton following an economic recession, his turnaround on his tax promise, and the decreased emphasis of foreign policy in a post–Cold War political climate.
Answer: George HW Bush lost the presidency due to an economic recession and his turnaround on a tax promise
Question: Tell me whether each company is based inside or outside of the USA: Uber, Grab, Samsung, Meituan, Exxon, Amazon, Roche
Answer: Uber: Inside USA
Grab: Outside USA
Samsung: Outside USA
Meituan: Outside USA
Exxon: Inside USA
Amazon: Inside USA
Roche: Outside USA