DataHammer/scimrc huggingface dataset:
Question: Which machine baselines are used?
Evidence: (Information Retrieval). This baseline has been successfully used for related tasks like Question Answering BIBREF39 . We create two versions of this baseline: one with the pool of perspectives INLINEFORM0 and one with the pool of evidences INLINEFORM1 . We use this system to retrieve a ranked list of best matching perspective/evidence from the corresponding index.
(Information Retrieval). This baseline has been successfully used for related tasks like Question Answering BIBREF39 . We create two versions of this baseline: one with the pool of perspectives INLINEFORM0 and one with the pool of evidences INLINEFORM1 .
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* Information Retrieval
Question: From the passage provided, extract where Thomas finished high school.
Evidence: Thomas attended the local Medicine Lodge school through the 11th grade, the last grade the school offered. He moved to Pasadena, California and finished high school at John Muir High School. He attended Pasadena Junior College for two years and then obtained a Bachelor of Science degree in Forestry in February, 1941, from the University of Idaho, at Moscow, Idaho.

In 1950, he enrolled in Texas A&M University, at College Station, Texas, where he obtained a MS degree in Wildlife Management in 1951 and a Ph.D in Wildlife Management in 1954 (called Range Management then).
Answer: Thomas finished high school at John Muir High School in Pasadena, California.
Question: What is private dashboard?
Evidence: For each model having the best fit on the dev set, we export the probability distribution of classes for each sample in the dev set. In this case, we only use the result of model that has f1_macro score that larger than 0.67. The probability distribution of classes is then used as feature to input into a dense model with only one hidden layer (size 128). The training process of the ensemble model is done on samples of the dev set. The best fit result is 0.7356. The final result submitted in public leaderboard is 0.73019 and in private leaderboard is 0.58455. It is quite different in bad way. That maybe is the result of the model too overfit on train set tuning on public test set.
The final result submitted in public leaderboard is 0.73019 and in private leaderboard is 0.58455. It is quite different in bad way. That maybe is the result of the model too overfit on train set tuning on public test set.
Answer: Private dashboard is leaderboard where competitors can see results after competition is finished - on hidden part of test set (private test set).
Question: How does the differential privacy mechanism work?
Evidence: However, news reports are not all objective. We may increase bias because of some non-objective reports, if we rely on the information that is extracted from the news for prediction fully. Therefore, in order to enhance the prediction model's robustness, we will adopt differential privacy (DP) method. DP is a system for sharing information about a dataset publicly by describing groups' patterns within the dataset while withholding information about individuals in the dataset. DP can be achieved if the we are willing to add random noise to the result. For example, rather than simply reporting the sum, we can inject noise from a Laplace or gaussian distribution, producing a result that’s not quite exact, that masks the contents of any given row.
Differential privacy is one of privacy's most popular definitions today, which is a system for publicly sharing information about a dataset by describing the patterns of groups within the dataset while withholding information about individuals in the dataset. It intuitively requires that the mechanism that outputs information about an underlying dataset is robust to one sample's any change, thus protecting privacy. A mechanism ${f}$ is a random function that takes a dataset $\mathcal {N}$ as input, and outputs a random variable ${f}(\mathcal {N})$. For example, suppose $\mathcal {N}$ is a news articles dataset, then the function that outputs compound score of articles in $\mathcal {N}$ plus noise from the standard normal distribution is a mechanism [7].
Therefore, in order to enhance the prediction model's robustness, we will adopt differential privacy (DP) method. DP is a system for sharing information about a dataset publicly by describing groups' patterns within the dataset while withholding information about individuals in the dataset. DP can be achieved if the we are willing to add random noise to the result. For example, rather than simply reporting the sum, we can inject noise from a Laplace or gaussian distribution, producing a result that’s not quite exact, that masks the contents of any given row.
 It intuitively requires that the mechanism that outputs information about an underlying dataset is robust to one sample's any change, thus protecting privacy. A mechanism ${f}$ is a random function that takes a dataset $\mathcal {N}$ as input, and outputs a random variable ${f}(\mathcal {N})$. For example, suppose $\mathcal {N}$ is a news articles dataset, then the function that outputs compound score of articles in $\mathcal {N}$ plus noise from the standard normal distribution is a mechanism [7].
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* A mechanism ${f}$ is a random function that takes a dataset $\mathcal {N}$ as input, and outputs a random variable ${f}(\mathcal {N})$.
Question: How tall is Mt. Shakspere?
Evidence: Mount Shakspere is a 12,174-foot-elevation (3,711 meter) summit located in Fresno County, California, United States.  
  
Description  
The mountain is set four miles west of the crest of the Sierra Nevada mountain range, in the Palisades area of Kings Canyon National Park. It is situated 4.5 miles (7.2 km) southwest of Middle Palisade, 3.5 miles (5.6 km) southeast of Giraud Peak, and one mile north-northwest of line parent Observation Peak. Mt. Shakspere ranks as the 384th-highest summit in California, and topographic relief is significant as the summit rises over 3,500 feet (1,100 meters) above Palisade Creek in approximately one mile (1.6 km). The first ascent of the summit was made July 20, 1930, by Francis P. Farquhar, Mary Lou Michaels, Doris Drust, Lorna Kilgariff, and Robert L. Lipman. This mountain's name has been officially adopted by the United States Board on Geographic Names.
Answer: Mt. Shakespere is 12,174 feet (3,711 meters) tall.
Question: Why is the sky blue?
Answer: All the light in our daytime sky comes from the sun, and our sun produces light in many different colors. To understand this, just think of a prism.  White light enters, and a rainbow of colors exits. Our sun is like that. Its light may seem uniform but it is actually emitting many different colors.

Our sky though is not a mix of blue and red and green because the earth's atmosphere is sandwiched between the sun and us, getting in the way. Atmospheric gases and particles scatter the incoming colors, bouncing them in all different directions.  The amount of scattering increases as the wavelength of light decreases.  Red light which has a long wavelength is scattered much less than blue light which has a short wavelength. As blue is scattered more, it fills our daytime sky.

As the sun traverses the sky and moves low on the horizon, the light that reaches our eyes must actually travel further through the atmosphere.  This has the effect of completely bouncing away all the blue light.  We are left with the reds and yellows and oranges in wonderful mixture, making sunrises and sunsets so beautiful.
Question: Where is Jon Rahm from?
Evidence: Jon Rahm Rodríguez (born 10 November 1994) is a Spanish professional golfer. He was the number one golfer in the World Amateur Golf Ranking for a record 60 weeks and later became world number one in the Official World Golf Ranking, first achieving that rank after winning the Memorial Tournament in July 2020. In June 2021, Rahm became the first Spanish golfer to win the U.S. Open. In 2023, he won the Masters Tournament, for his second major championship.
Answer: Spain
Question: What does the dataset contain?
Evidence: To evaluate the effectiveness of our model, and demonstrate its flexibility at handling heavy data-structure made of several types of entities, we used the RotoWire dataset BIBREF10. It includes basketball games statistical tables paired with journalistic descriptions of the games, as can be seen in the example of Figure FIGREF1. The descriptions are professionally written and average 337 words with a vocabulary size of $11.3$K. There are 39 different record keys, and the average number of records (resp. entities) in a single data-structure is 628 (resp. 28). Entities are of two types, either team or player, and player descriptions depend on their involvement in the game. We followed the data partitions introduced with the dataset and used a train/validation/test sets of respectively $3,398$/727/728 (data-structure, description) pairs.
It includes basketball games statistical tables paired with journalistic descriptions of the games, as can be seen in the example of Figure 1.
Answer: Basketball games statistical tables paired with journalistic descriptions of the games.
Question: Given this paragraph about hickory wood, tell me what sporting equipment it might be used for.
Evidence: Hickory wood is hard, stiff, dense and shock resistant. There are woods stronger than hickory and woods that are harder, but the combination of strength, toughness, hardness, and stiffness found in hickory wood is not found in any other commercial wood. It is used for tool handles, pickaxe handles, bows, wheel spokes, carts, drumsticks, lacrosse stick handles, golf club shafts (sometimes still called hickory stick, even though made of steel or graphite), the bottoms of skis, walking sticks, and for punitive use as a switch (like hazel), and especially as a cane-like hickory stick in schools and use by parents. Paddles are often made from hickory. This property of hickory wood has left a trace in some Native American languages: in Ojibwe, hickory is called mitigwaabaak, a compound of mitigwaab "bow" and the final -aakw "hardwood tree". Due to its grain structure, hickory is more susceptible to moisture absorption than other species of wood, and is therefore more prone to shrinkage, warping or swelling with changes in humidity.
Answer: Hickory wood may be used to make lacrosse stick handles, golf club shafts, and the bottom of skis.
Question: What's so great about St Martin?
Answer: St Martin is a Caribbean island that has so much to offer! A fun fact about the island is that it has a "Dutch side" and a "French side." On the Dutch side of the island, most people speak English. However, on the French side many speak French and also the labels on things in the grocery stores are in French. The fun part about it is, should you want to go from one side to the other, no passport required, you drive between the two like you would drive from one state to the other in the U.S. there is only a sign telling you you've entered the other side! Outside of this fun feature, there are beautitful beaches, great food, and an airport that allows you to get so close to the planes when they land you feel as though you could touch the bottom.
Question: What preprocessing techniques are used in the experiments?
Evidence: To explore how helpful these transformations are, we incorporated 20 simple transformations and 15 additional sequences of transformations in our experiment to see their effect on different type of metrics on four different ML models (See Figure FIGREF3 ).
FLOAT SELECTED: Fig. 1: List of transformations.
To explore how helpful these transformations are, we incorporated 20 simple transformations and 15 additional sequences of transformations in our experiment to see their effect on different type of metrics on four different ML models (See Figure FIGREF3 ).
FLOAT SELECTED: Fig. 1: List of transformations.
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* See Figure FIGREF3
Question: What is the company zoom?
Answer: Zoom is a video communication protocol used by many companies today.  Zoom has been used by school to conduct at home schooling during the COVID-19 pandemic.  Zoom is also used by big Fortune 500 corporations to conduct business meetings internally with employees and externally with customers and other accounts.  The virtual interaction offered by zoom is a great alternative to save costs on in-person meetings where physical travel is required.  The company was founded in 2011 and has about 8500 employees as of 2023.
Question: The story opens in Los Angeles in the 21st century, an unspecified number of years after a worldwide economic collapse. Los Angeles is no longer part of the United States since the federal government has ceded most of its power and territory to private organizations and entrepreneurs. Franchising, individual sovereignty, and private vehicles reign supreme. Mercenary armies compete for national defense contracts, while private security guards preserve the peace in sovereign gated housing developments.: 45  Highway companies compete to attract drivers to their roads,: 7  and all mail delivery is by hired courier.: 306  The remnants of government maintain authority only in isolated compounds, where they do tedious make-work that is, by and large, irrelevant to the society around them.: 176  Much of the world's territory has been carved up into sovereign enclaves known as Franchise-Organized Quasi-National Entities (FOQNEs),: 14  each run by its own big business franchise (such as "Mr. Lee's Greater Hong Kong", or the corporatized American Mafia), or various residential burbclaves (quasi-sovereign gated communities). In this future, American institutions are far different from those in the actual United States at the time the book was published; for example, a for-profit organization, the CIC, has evolved from the CIA's merger with the Library of Congress.: 22
Evidence: What is the setting of Snow Crash?
Answer: Snow Crash is set in the Los Angeles of the future in which the government has collapsed and been replaced by corporations, mercenary armies, and a new type of organization, the Franchise-Organized Quasi-National Entity. Examples of the latter include Mr. Lee's Greater Hong Kong and the corporatized American Mafia. Government functions like road building, policing, and mail delivery have been taken over by corporations.
Question: When did Peloton IPO?
Evidence: On September 26, 2019, Peloton became a public company via an initial public offering, raising $1.16 billion and valuing the company at $8.1 billion. After reaching a market valuation of $50 billion in January 2021, the company's valuation was back to around $8 billion by April 2022.
Answer: Peloton became a public company via an initial public offering on September 26, 2019.
Question: Did Neo take the blue pill or the red pill?
Answer: Neo took the red pill in the first The Matrix movie.
Question: What are the datasets used
Evidence: We evaluate the quality of the document embeddings learned by the different variants of CAHAN and the HAN baseline on three of the large-scale document classification datasets introduced by BIBREF14 and used in the original HAN paper BIBREF5. They fall into two categories: topic classification (Yahoo) and fine-grained sentiment analysis (Amazon, Yelp). Dataset statistics are shown in Table TABREF29. Classes are perfectly balanced, for all datasets.
We evaluate the quality of the document embeddings learned by the different variants of CAHAN and the HAN baseline on three of the large-scale document classification datasets introduced by BIBREF14 and used in the original HAN paper BIBREF5. They fall into two categories: topic classification (Yahoo) and fine-grained sentiment analysis (Amazon, Yelp).
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* large-scale document classification datasets introduced by BIBREF14
Question: What does CMWCs stand for?
Evidence: The Cycle Messenger World Championships, or CMWCs, are an annual urban cycling competition whereby cycle messengers and cycling enthusiasts showcase their skills in an array of events, many of which simulate everyday tasks for a cycle messenger. Each year, the CMWCs are held in a different city around the world, with each host city designing its own unique course. The highlight of the CMWCs is the main race in which cyclists are given manifests and must pickup and deliver items to various locations around the host city as quickly and efficiently as possible. The total number of pickups and deliveries, or "drop offs" is unknown to the messengers before the race, but has been known to reach up to 100 stops and usually takes between 3–4 hours to complete. The cyclist who completes all of the assigned deliveries in the least amount of time wins the race. In addition to the main race there are also several side events which have become increasingly popular over the past few years. These events change yearly depending on the discretion of the host city but usually include backward circles, bike polo, bunnyhop, cargo race, longest skid, sprints, and trackstand.
Answer: The Cycle Messenger World Championships
Question: What are some fun activities to do with my coworkers if we all work remotely?
Answer: Organizing virtual events would be a great way to spend time with your coworkers. You could participate in a virtual escape room, attend a virtual wine tasting, play online games together, host a weekly coffee-and-chat meeting, or create a virtual book club.
Question: Write a description detailing why Soccer is better than Basketball.
Answer: Soccer is a better sport than Basketball because it is a sport with a minimal ruleset making it easier to teach and reach a greater audience.  Soccer also does not require a well built out infrastructure in order to play it, all you need is a ball, field, and something to act as goals.
Question: Is an avocado a fruit or a vegetable?
Answer: An avocado is a single-seeded berry fruit
Question: Write a sarcastic apology letter to a neighbor after they complained about you being too loud in the middle of the day. Make it no longer than three sentences.
Answer: Dear neighbor. I apologize for being loud during the daytime when everyone is awake. It surely was a huge burden for you to know that I exist. I'll try to be less perceivable in the future. Sincerely, You Noisy Neighbor.
Question: What were the baseline systems?
Evidence: We compare our model with several baselines including:
Attn seq2seq BIBREF22: A model with simple attention over the input context at each time step during decoding.
Ptr-UNK BIBREF23: Ptr-UNK is the model which augments a sequence-to-sequence architecture with attention-based copy mechanism over the encoder context.
KV Net BIBREF6: The model adopted and argumented decoder which decodes over the concatenation of vocabulary and KB entities, which allows the model to generate entities.
Mem2Seq BIBREF7: Mem2Seq is the model that takes dialogue history and KB entities as input and uses a pointer gate to control either generating a vocabulary word or selecting an input as the output.
DSR BIBREF9: DSR leveraged dialogue state representation to retrieve the KB implicitly and applied copying mechanism to retrieve entities from knowledge base while decoding.
We compare our model with several baselines including:

Attn seq2seq BIBREF22: A model with simple attention over the input context at each time step during decoding.

Ptr-UNK BIBREF23: Ptr-UNK is the model which augments a sequence-to-sequence architecture with attention-based copy mechanism over the encoder context.

KV Net BIBREF6: The model adopted and argumented decoder which decodes over the concatenation of vocabulary and KB entities, which allows the model to generate entities.

Mem2Seq BIBREF7: Mem2Seq is the model that takes dialogue history and KB entities as input and uses a pointer gate to control either generating a vocabulary word or selecting an input as the output.

DSR BIBREF9: DSR leveraged dialogue state representation to retrieve the KB implicitly and applied copying mechanism to retrieve entities from knowledge base while decoding.
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* Attn seq2seq
* Ptr-UNK
* KV Net
* Mem2Seq
* DSR
Question: What is the Culture Against Man
Answer: Culture Against Man is a 1963 book-length ethnography by anthropologist Jules Henry of his native United States culture. The book is presented in three parts: American life and its institutions, discussion on child-rearing, and discussion on nursing homes.
Question: What are regarded as some of the best hip-hop albums of all time?
Answer: Some hip hop albums that are widely regarded as some of the best of all time are: 

Illmatic - Nas
My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy - Kanye West
Aquemini - Outkast
The Blueprint - Jay-Z
ATLiens - Outkast
To Pimp a Butterfly - Kendrick Lamar
The Chronic - Dr. Dre
Graduation - Kanye West
good kid, m.A.A.d city - Kendrick Lamar
Question: What is sphingosine?
Answer: Sphingosine (2-amino-4-trans-octadecene-1,3-diol) is an 18-carbon amino alcohol with an unsaturated hydrocarbon chain, which forms a primary part of sphingolipids, a class of cell membrane lipids that include sphingomyelin, an important phospholipid.
Question: Which of the following US States border Canada and which do not: Montana, Wyoming, Michigan, New York, Maine, Idaho, and Minnesota?
Answer: They all border Canada with the exception of Wyoming.
Question: What is the best way to store passwords?
Answer: Password managers are generally regarded as the gold standard for safely warehousing your passwords. A password manager can index many unique and complicated passwords so that a user can have confidence that they can set a strong and secure password without compromising accessibility due to the password being difficult to read or overly complex.
Question: Categorize the days of the week based on their starting alphabet.
Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday
Answer: S - Sunday, Saturday
M - Monday
W - Wednesday
T - Tuesday, Thursday
F - Friday
Question: Think of 3 shades of dark red that I could use to describe a rug
Answer: Rugs could be described as maroon, mahogany or scarlet
Question: What is GitHub Actions?
Answer: GitHub Actions is a continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD) platform that allows you to automate your build, test, and deployment pipeline. You can create workflows that build and test every pull request to your repository, or deploy merged pull requests to production.