DataHammer/scimrc huggingface dataset:
Question: Does the performance increase using their method?
Evidence: In Figure 1 we show the single-task vs. multi-task model performance for each of three different applications. The multi-task model outperforms the single-task model at all data sizes, and the relative performance increases as the size of the training data decreases. When only 200 sentences of training data are used, the performance of the multi-task model is about 60% better than the single-task model for both the Airbnb and Greyhound apps. The relative gain for the OpenTable app is 26%. Because the performance of the multi-task model decays much more slowly as the amount of training data is reduced, the multi-task model can deliver the same performance with a considerable reduction in the amount of labeled data.
Table 4 reports F1 scores on the test set for both the closed and open vocabulary systems. The results differ between the tasks, but none have an overall benefit from the open vocabulary system. Looking at the subset of sentences that contain an OOV token, the open vocabulary system delivers increased performance on the Airbnb and Greyhound tasks. These two are the most difficult apps out of the four and therefore had the most room for improvement. The United app is also all lower case and casing is an important clue for detecting proper nouns that the open vocabulary model takes advantage of.
The multi-task model outperforms the single-task model at all data sizes, and the relative performance increases as the size of the training data decreases. When only 200 sentences of training data are used, the performance of the multi-task model is about 60% better than the single-task model for both the Airbnb and Greyhound apps. The relative gain for the OpenTable app is 26%.
The results differ between the tasks, but none have an overall benefit from the open vocabulary system.
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* The multi-task model outperforms the single-task model at all data sizes
* but none have an overall benefit from the open vocabulary system
Question: What is the new task proposed in this work?
Evidence: With the popularity of shared videos, social networks, online course, etc, the quantity of multimedia or spoken content is growing much faster beyond what human beings can view or listen to. Accessing large collections of multimedia or spoken content is difficult and time-consuming for humans, even if these materials are more attractive for humans than plain text information. Hence, it will be great if the machine can automatically listen to and understand the spoken content, and even visualize the key information for humans. This paper presents an initial attempt towards the above goal: machine comprehension of spoken content. In an initial task, we wish the machine can listen to and understand an audio story, and answer the questions related to that audio content. TOEFL listening comprehension test is for human English learners whose native language is not English. This paper reports how today's machine can perform with such a test.
The listening comprehension task considered here is highly related to Spoken Question Answering (SQA) BIBREF0 , BIBREF1 . In SQA, when the users enter questions in either text or spoken form, the machine needs to find the answer from some audio files. SQA usually worked with ASR transcripts of the spoken content, and used information retrieval (IR) techniques BIBREF2 or relied on knowledge bases BIBREF3 to find the proper answer. Sibyl BIBREF4 , a factoid SQA system, used some IR techniques and utilized several levels of linguistic information to deal with the task. Question Answering in Speech Transcripts (QAST) BIBREF5 , BIBREF6 , BIBREF7 has been a well-known evaluation program of SQA for years. However, most previous works on SQA mainly focused on factoid questions like “What is name of the highest mountain in Taiwan?”. Sometimes this kind of questions may be correctly answered by simply extracting the key terms from a properly chosen utterance without understanding the given spoken content. More difficult questions that cannot be answered without understanding the whole spoken content seemed rarely dealt with previously.
TOEFL listening comprehension test is for human English learners whose native language is not English. This paper reports how today's machine can perform with such a test.

The listening comprehension task considered here is highly related to Spoken Question Answering (SQA) BIBREF0 , BIBREF1 . 
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
*  listening comprehension task
Question: What is the spin of a quark?
Evidence: Fermions are one of the two fundamental classes of particles, the other being bosons. Fermion particles are described by Fermi–Dirac statistics and have quantum numbers described by the Pauli exclusion principle. They include the quarks and leptons, as well as any composite particles consisting of an odd number of these, such as all baryons and many atoms and nuclei.

Fermions have half-integer spin; for all known elementary fermions this is 1⁄2. All known fermions except neutrinos, are also Dirac fermions; that is, each known fermion has its own distinct antiparticle. It is not known whether the neutrino is a Dirac fermion or a Majorana fermion. Fermions are the basic building blocks of all matter. They are classified according to whether they interact via the strong interaction or not. In the Standard Model, there are 12 types of elementary fermions: six quarks and six leptons.
Answer: Quarks have spin 1/2 because they are fermions.
Question: Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Terror Bird, Narwhal
Answer: Terror Bird is extinct, Narwhal is alive.
Question: Make a bullet list of some different ways that a kid can make some money
Answer: - Lemonade Stand
- Mowing lawns
- Garage Sale
- Babysitting
Question: Does the system know getting the correct answer for questions is the most straightforward way?
Evidence: From the point of view of dialog systems providing general information from a knowledge base, the most limiting factor is that a large portion of the questions is understood poorly.
Current approaches BIBREF3 , BIBREF4 can only achieve around 50% accuracy on some question answering datasets. Therefore, we think that there is a room for improvements which can be achieved by interactively asking for additional information in conversational dialogs with users. This extra information can be used for improving policies of dialog systems. We call this approach the interactive learning from dialogs.
We can improve dialog systems in several aspects through interactive learning in a direct interaction with users. First, the most straightforward way obviously is getting the correct answer for questions that the system does not know. We can try to ask users for answers on questions that the system encountered in a conversation with a different user and did not understand it. Second, the system can ask the user for a broader explanation of a question. This explanation could help the system to understand the question and provide the correct answer. In addition, the system can learn correct policy for the question which allows providing answers without asking any extra information for similar questions next time. We hypothesize that users are willing to give such explanations because it could help them to find answers for their own questions. The last source of information that we consider for interactive learning is rephrasing, which could help when the system does know the concept but does not know the correct wording. This area is extensively studied for the purposes of information retrieval BIBREF5 , BIBREF6 .
The main purpose of the collected dataset is to enable interactive learning using the steps proposed above and potentially to evaluate how different systems perform on this task.
First, the most straightforward way obviously is getting the correct answer for questions that the system does not know.
Answer: No.
Question: What is a crypto (cryptocurrency)?
Answer: A cryptocurrency, crypto-currency, or crypto is a digital currency designed to work as a medium of exchange through a computer network that is not reliant on any central authority, such as a government or bank, to uphold or maintain it. It is a decentralized system for verifying that the parties to a transaction have the money they claim to have, eliminating the need for traditional intermediaries, such as banks, when funds are being transferred between two entities.
Question: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Ratchet, Hasapi
Answer: Ratchet is string, Hasapi is percussion.
Question: Which of these words can be both a noun and a verb in English? treat, apple, watch, wood, attach
Answer: The words 'treat' and 'watch' can be both a noun and a verb in English.
Question: Which one is more popular? Soccer vs Basketball?
Answer: It depends on the region you are talking about. Globally, soccer is definitely the No.1 sport. It is so popular among europe, south america, africa and asia. However, in certain countries, for example United States, basketball is more popular.
Question: Please list the Peace Nobel Prize award winners according to the text
Evidence: The interval between the award and the accomplishment it recognises varies from discipline to discipline. The Literature Prize is typically awarded to recognise a cumulative lifetime body of work rather than a single achievement. The Peace Prize can also be awarded for a lifetime body of work. For example, 2008 laureate Martti Ahtisaari was awarded for his work to resolve international conflicts. However, they can also be awarded for specific recent events. For instance, Kofi Annan was awarded the 2001 Peace Prize just four years after becoming the Secretary-General of the United Nations. Similarly Yasser Arafat, Yitzhak Rabin, and Shimon Peres received the 1994 award, about a year after they successfully concluded the Oslo Accords. A recent controversy was caused by awarding the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize to Barack Obama during his first year as US president.
Answer: Martti Ahtisaari, Kofi Annan, Yasser Arafat, Yitzhak Rabin, Shimon Peres, Barack Obama
Question: Give me a list of important things to take on an international trip
Answer: Here's a list of most important things you need on an international trip :

1. Passport and visa : All documents required to get into the destination and get back. Make sure all the documents are valid and are not going to expire within 6 months of your trip.
2. Money : Ensure that you have the appropriate amount of money you need. Check if the debit/credit cards are going to work seamlessly in your destination country. In some places, it is helpful to carry local currency while others might prefer transactions through mobile apps (Wepay, GPay, etc).
3. Medications : Ensure that you have enough supply of any prescribed medications. Even the generic medicines might be hard to find in some places.
4. Clothing : Pack the right kind of clothes, layers, and footwear depending on the destination weather and planned activities.
5. Internet and Phone connection : Plan to have international roaming enabled on your devices or buy local prepaid phone plans. When using your existing phone plan, validate that it supports the network in your destination country. In some countries, the free wifi access requires a local phone number.
5. Chargers and adapters : Different countries use different power outlets. Make sure to carry power adapters and chargers for all your devices. While traveling, it is useful to carry a portable charging bank.
6. Itinerary and reservation details : Carry physical and electronic copies of the travel plans and all reservation details. 
7. Apps and guidebooks : Carry language apps and guidebooks to help you with common phrases and in getting around. Also familiarize yourself with the local customs.
Question: Tell me about the first commercial winery in California.
Answer: The first commercial winery in California was founded in 1857 by Hungarian-American Agoston Haraszthy who is referred to as the "Father of California Wine" (this moniker also is applied to Spanish Jesuit missionary, Father Junípero Serra). 

Haraszthy opened Buena Vista Winery in Sonoma. By 1859, the winery was producing two million gallons of wine a year and one of its most popular products was sparkling wine. 

The winery faced numerous troubles over the years, such as bankruptcy, a devastating infestation of Grape phylloxera, and Prohibition. The winery was acquired at auction and original vines replanted and reopened in the 1940s. In 1984, the winery estate expanded an additional 1,000 acres after it was purchased by a West German company. The winery continued to change hands and is now under the ownership of Jean-Charles Boisset, who operates over two dozen wineries under his wine group, Boisset Collection. 

The winery still sits on its original location and has been added to the US National Register of Historic Places and the list of California Historical Landmarks.
Question: Summarize the effectiveness of anaerobic and aerobic exercises on muscle hypertropy.
Evidence: The best approach to specifically achieve muscle growth remains controversial (as opposed to focusing on gaining strength, power, or endurance); it was generally considered that consistent anaerobic strength training will produce hypertrophy over the long term, in addition to its effects on muscular strength and endurance. Muscular hypertrophy can be increased through strength training and other short-duration, high-intensity anaerobic exercises. Lower-intensity, longer-duration aerobic exercise generally does not result in very effective tissue hypertrophy; instead, endurance athletes enhance storage of fats and carbohydrates within the muscles, as well as neovascularization.
Answer: Short-duration, high-intensity anaerobic exercises are more effective for increasing muscular tissue hypertrophy compared to lower-intensity, longer-duration aerobic exercises.
Question: Give me a list of pets that require low maintenance.
Answer: Owning a pet indeed requires certain energy and commitment. Following is a list of pets that have low maintenance based for experiences from various owners.

- Goldfish or other similar size fishes.
- Hamsters
- Guinea pigs
- Birds
- Cats. Contrary to popular belief, cats are very self-sufficient pets. If proper food is on their plate and a favourite resting place, one doesn't generally feel their presence. However, they are hard to ignore.
Question: Where are the cybersecurity articles used in the model sourced from?
Evidence: For English dataset, we crawl 687 cybersecurity articles from a collection of advanced persistent threats (APT) reports which are published from 2008 to 2018. All of these cybersecurity articles are used to train the English word embedding. Afterwards, we randomly select 370 articles, and manually annotate the IOCs contained in the articles. Among the selected articles, we randomly select 70 articles as the validation set and 70 articles as the test set; the remaining articles are used for training.
For English dataset, we crawl 687 cybersecurity articles from a collection of advanced persistent threats (APT) reports which are published from 2008 to 2018. 
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
*  from a collection of advanced persistent threats (APT) reports which are published from 2008 to 2018
Question: What is the Pareto principle?
Evidence: The Pareto principle states that for many outcomes, roughly 80% of consequences come from 20% of causes (the "vital few"). Other names for this principle are the 80/20 rule, the law of the vital few, or the principle of factor sparsity.
Answer: The Pareto principle also known as the 80/20 rule or the law of the vital few, states that roughly 80% of consequences come from 20% of causes. For example 80% of revenue comes from 20% of customers (the vital few).
Question: Make a list for basic school supplies.
Answer: Pencils, Index cards, Binder, Glue stick, Pencil sharpener, Erasers, Highlighters, Sharpie pens
Question: What are the new 7 Wonders of Nature:
Answer: Here are the new 7 Wonders of Nature:

- Iguazu Falls, on the border of the Argentine province of Misiones and the Brazilian state of Paraná
- Hạ Long Bay, in Quang Ninh Province, Vietnam
- Jeju Island, in the Jeju Province of South Korea
- Puerto Princesa Underground River, in Palawan, Philippines
- Table Mountain, overlooking the city of Cape Town, South Africa
- Komodo Island, one of the 17,508 islands that comprise the Republic of Indonesia
- Amazon rainforest, located in Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana
Question: How to make a dish thicken fast without adding cream or starch?
Answer: Everyone likes when the dish is thick and creamy. As an example chickpeas with potatoes and curry spices if cooked can be watery the same day. To make it thick take out some boiled chickpeas, put it in a grinder and add to the mix.

So the simple asnwer use your thickening agent can come from the same dish you're planning to cook.
Question: What performance did proposed method achieve, how much better is than previous state-of-the-art?
Evidence: Although MCDN doesn't obtain the highest precision, it increases F1-score by 10.2% and 3% compared with the existing best systems $LS \cup KLD \cup CONN$ and $KLD \cup LS \cup LS_{inter}$. Furthermore, $KLD$ feature based SVM yields the highest precision on the Training set, though poor recall and F1-score, because it focuses on the substitutability of connectives while the parallel examples usually have the same connective that would be estimated as false negatives. It is remarkable that MCDN is more robust on the original Training set and Bootstrapped set while the feature-based linear SVM and neural network-based approaches presented a considerable difference and got gain even more than 20 on F1-score.
Although MCDN doesn't obtain the highest precision, it increases F1-score by 10.2% and 3% compared with the existing best systems $LS \cup KLD \cup CONN$ and $KLD \cup LS \cup LS_{inter}$.
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* increases F1-score by 10.2% and 3% compared with the existing best systems $LS \cup KLD \cup CONN$ and $KLD \cup LS \cup LS_{inter}$
Question: Which of these are animals: Oak, goat, dog, train, airplane, cat, tiger, bat, rose, boat.
Answer: Goat, dog, cat, tiger and bat are animals.
Question: What are all the different ways of saying customer lifetime value?
Evidence: In marketing, customer lifetime value (CLV or often CLTV), lifetime customer value (LCV), or life-time value (LTV) is a prognostication of the net profit contributed to the whole future relationship with a customer. The prediction model can have varying levels of sophistication and accuracy, ranging from a crude heuristic to the use of complex predictive analytics techniques.

Customer lifetime value can also be defined as the monetary value of a customer relationship, based on the present value of the projected future cash flows from the customer relationship. Customer lifetime value is an important concept in that it encourages firms to shift their focus from quarterly profits to the long-term health of their customer relationships. Customer lifetime value is an important metric because it represents an upper limit on spending to acquire new customers. For this reason it is an important element in calculating payback of advertising spent in marketing mix modeling.

One of the first accounts of the term customer lifetime value is in the 1988 book Database Marketing, which includes detailed worked examples. Early adopters of customer lifetime value models in the 1990s include Edge Consulting and BrandScience.
Answer: Customer lifetime value is commonly referred to as customer lifetime value (CLV or often CLTV), lifetime customer value (LCV), or life-time value (LTV).
Question: What is a good Manhattan recipe?
Answer: A Manhattan is a cocktail that can be made with either bourbon or rye.  I prefer using rye due to the extra spicy and peppery flavors of the rye enhancing the drink.  For the drink, mix two ounces of rye with one ounce of sweet vermouth in a cocktail shaker.  Add 2 dashes of bitters to the mix.  Add ice, cap the shaker, and shake vigorously for about 15-20 seconds.  Uncap the shaker and pour the Manhattan into a glass.  Garnish with a Maraschino cherry if you desire.
Question: What is the capital of Switzerland
Evidence: Bern (Swiss Standard German: [bɛrn] (listen)) or Berne[note 1] is the de facto capital of Switzerland, referred to as the "federal city".[note 2] With a population of about 133,000 (as of 2022), Bern is the fifth-most populous city in Switzerland, behind Zurich, Geneva, Basel and Lausanne. The Bern agglomeration, which includes 36 municipalities, had a population of 406,900 in 2014. The metropolitan area had a population of 660,000 in 2000.

Bern is also the capital of the canton of Bern, the second-most populous of Switzerland's cantons. The official language is German,[note 3] but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect, Bernese German. In 1983, the historic old town (in German: Altstadt) in the centre of Bern became a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is notably surrounded by the Aare, a major river of the Swiss Plateau.
Answer: Bern is the de facto capital of Switzerland, referred to as the federal city.

With a population of about 133,000 (as of 2022), Bern is the fifth-most populous city in Switzerland, behind Zurich, Geneva, Basel and Lausanne. The Bern agglomeration, which includes 36 municipalities, had a population of 406,900 in 2014. The metropolitan area had a population of 660,000 in 2000.
Question: which are the youngest mountain ranges  in the world ?
Evidence: The Himalayan range is one of the youngest mountain ranges on the planet and consists mostly of uplifted sedimentary and metamorphic rock. According to the modern theory of plate tectonics, its formation is a result of a continental collision or orogeny along the convergent boundary (Main Himalayan Thrust) between the Indo-Australian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. The Arakan Yoma highlands in Myanmar and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal were also formed as a result of this collision.
Himalayan ranges passes though countries like India, Nepal, Bhutan, Pakistan, and China.
Answer: The youngest mountains are the Himalayan range passing though India, Nepal, Bhutan, Pakistan, and China