DataHammer/scimrc huggingface dataset:
Question: What are the baselines?
Evidence: We compare our method with the models trained using Adobe internal NLU tool, Pytext BIBREF18 and Rasa BIBREF19 NLU tools. Table TABREF22 shows the results on Test set. Our model improves the F1 score by almost 2%, which corresponds to a 12.3% error rate reduction. This improvements proves the effectiveness of using contextual information for the task of slot filling.
We compare our method with the models trained using Adobe internal NLU tool, Pytext BIBREF18 and Rasa BIBREF19 NLU tools.
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* Adobe internal NLU tool
* Pytext
* Rasa
Question: Fissures, vents, and plugs are all associated with which geological feature?
Answer: Volcanos.
Question: Where did the data set the authors use come from?
Evidence: Our premise is that we can generate informative maps using geolocated information available on social media; therefore, we guide the blog collection process with the constraint that we only accept blogs that have specific location information. Moreover, we aim to find blogs belonging to writers from all 50 U.S. states, which will allow us to build U.S. maps for various dimensions of interest.
We first started by collecting a set of profiles of bloggers that met our location specifications by searching individual states on the profile finder on http://www.blogger.com. Starting with this list, we can locate the profile page for a user, and subsequently extract additional information, which includes fields such as name, email, occupation, industry, and so forth. It is important to note that the profile finder only identifies users that have an exact match to the location specified in the query; we thus built and ran queries that used both state abbreviations (e.g., TX, AL), as well as the states' full names (e.g., Texas, Alabama).
After completing all the processing steps, we identified 197,527 bloggers with state location information. For each of these bloggers, we found their blogs (note that a blogger can have multiple blogs), for a total of 335,698 blogs. For each of these blogs, we downloaded the 21 most recent blog postings, which were cleaned of HTML tags and tokenized, resulting in a collection of 4,600,465 blog posts.
After completing all the processing steps, we identified 197,527 bloggers with state location information. For each of these bloggers, we found their blogs (note that a blogger can have multiple blogs), for a total of 335,698 blogs. For each of these blogs, we downloaded the 21 most recent blog postings, which were cleaned of HTML tags and tokenized, resulting in a collection of 4,600,465 blog posts.
Answer: They identified 197,527 bloggers with state location information. For each of these bloggers, they found their blogs, for a total of 335,698 blogs. For each of these blogs, they downloaded the 21 most recent blog postings, which were cleaned of HTML tags and tokenized, resulting in a collection of 4,600,465 blog posts.
Question: What are the 8 categories of scientific classification?
Answer: Levels of Classification. The classification system commonly used today is based on the Linnean system and has eight levels of taxa; from the most general to the most specific, these are domain, kingdom, phylum (plural, phyla), class, order, family, genus (plural, genera), and species.
Question: Tell me some facts about hemoglobin with the given text as a reference
Evidence: Hemoglobin (haemoglobin in British English), abbreviated Hb or Hgb, is the iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein present in red blood cells (erythrocytes) of almost all vertebrates (the exception being the fish family  Channichthyidae ) as well as the tissues of some invertebrates.Hemoglobin in blood carries oxygen from the respiratory organs (e.g. lungs or gills) to the rest of the body (i.e. tissues). There it releases the oxygen to permit aerobic respiration to provide energy to power functions of an organism in the process called metabolism. A healthy individual human has 12 to 20 grams of hemoglobin in every 100 mL of blood.
Answer: 1. Hemoglobin/Hb/Hgb is the iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein which is present
in red blood cells (erythrocytes) of almost all vertebrates (the exception being the fish
family  Channichthyidae ) as well as the tissues of some invertebrates
2. Hemoglobin carries oxygen in blood from respiratory organs (e.g. lungs or gills) to rest of the
body(i.e. tissue).
3. Metablolism is the energy to power functions of an organism. Hemoglobin releases the oxygen
to permit aerobic respiration .
4. Healthy human have 12 to 25 grams of hemoglobin in every 100 mL of blood.
Question: Who invented Calculus?
Answer: Calculus was developed independently by Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhem Leibniz at around the same time.  Later work by Cauchy, Weierstrass, and Riemann brought full rigor to Calculus as a distinct branch of mathematics.
Question: What is the fastest way to travel between the United States and Croatia?
Answer: The fastest way to travel would be by airplane, which would be faster than a boat trip
Question: What are a few uses of pot (THC) gummies?
Answer: -Gummies are used medicinally for patients to cope with chronic pain
-Gummies are used to self-medicate as a way to treat mental health issues such as depression and anxiety
-Gummies are used to prevent seizures
-Gummies are also used for fun, similar to how people use alcohol
Question: What is the political philosophy of isolationists?
Answer: Isolationists philosophy is to focus within and not spend time/energy in the affairs of other nations. It was a popular philosophy during the US rebuild after the depression.
Question: What are the three main states of matter and how does it transition between them?
Answer: The three main states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas. Matter consumes energy as it changes state from solid to liquid and liquid to gas. When matter changes from gas to liquid or liquid to solid, it releases energy. Temperature and pressure changes are the key influencers of these state changes.
Question: What are top JavaScript frameworks?
Answer: - React
- Angular
- Vue.js
- Next.js
- Svelte
Question: How are possible sentence transformations represented in dataset, as new sentences?
Evidence: In the second round, we collected 293 annotations from 12 annotators. After Korektor, there are 4262 unique sentences (including 150 seed sentences) that form the COSTRA 1.0 dataset. Statistics of individual annotators are available in tab:statistics.
In the second round, we collected 293 annotations from 12 annotators. After Korektor, there are 4262 unique sentences (including 150 seed sentences) that form the COSTRA 1.0 dataset.
Answer: Yes, as new sentences.
Question: Why do authors need to estimate subword translation probabilities?
Evidence: We build our bilingual LMs, named RAMEN, starting from BERT$_{\textsc {base}}$, BERT$_{\textsc {large}}$, RoBERTa$_{\textsc {base}}$, and RoBERTa$_{\textsc {large}}$ pre-trained models. Using BERT$_{\textsc {base}}$ allows us to compare the results with mBERT model. Using BERT$_{\textsc {large}}$ and RoBERTa allows us to investigate whether the performance of the target LM correlates with the performance of the source LM. We evaluate our models on two cross-lingual zero-shot tasks: (1) Cross-lingual Natural Language Inference (XNLI) and (2) dependency parsing.
Since pretrained models operate on subword level, we need to estimate subword translation probabilities.
Answer: Since pretrained models operate on subword level.
Question: What is the fastest car in the world?
Answer: The fastest production car in the world is currently the Bugatti Chiron Supersport 300+ thanks to its 304mph top speed, although the Koenigsegg Jesko Absolut could topple the Bugatti from the position in the near future.
Question: Give me a list of the Adventure motorbikes that I can buy on my LAMS (Learner Approved Motorcycle Scheme) restriction, living in Australia
Answer: This is not a comprehensive list but you can use this as a starting point:
Kawasaki Versys-X 300
Kawazaki KLR650
Honda CRF300 Rally
BMW G 310 GS
KTM 390 Adventure
Honda CB500XA
Yamaha XT250
Yamaha WR250R
Suzuki V-Strom 650XT
Royal Enfield Himalayan
Suzuki DRZ400/DR650
Question: Is the Snips dataset similar to the in-scope part of the work in this paper?
Evidence: In most other analyses and datasets, the idea of out-of-scope data is not considered, and instead the output classes are intended to cover all possible queries (e.g., TREC BIBREF7). Recent work by BIBREF8 considers a similar problem they call out-of-distribution detection. They use other datasets or classes excluded during training to form the out-of-distribution samples. This means that the out-of-scope samples are from a small set of coherent classes that differ substantially from the in-distribution samples. Similar experiments were conducted for evaluating unknown intent discovery models in BIBREF9. In contrast, our out-of-scope queries cover a broad range of phenomena and are similar in style and often similar in topic to in-scope queries, representing things a user might say given partial knowledge of the capabilities of a system.
Table TABREF20 compares our dataset with other short-query intent classification datasets. The Snips BIBREF0 dataset and the dataset presented in BIBREF10 are the most similar to the in-scope part of our work, with the same type of conversational agent requests. Like our work, both of these datasets were bootstrapped using crowdsourcing. However, the Snips dataset has only a small number of intents and an enormous number of examples of each. Snips does present a low-data variation, with 70 training queries per intent, in which performance drops slightly. The dataset presented in BIBREF10 has a large number of intent classes, yet also contains a wide range of samples per intent class (ranging from 24 to 5,981 queries per intent, and so is not constrained in all cases).
BIBREF11 created datasets with constrained training data, but with very few intents, presenting a very different type of challenge. We also include the TREC query classification datasets BIBREF7, which have a large set of labels, but they describe the desired response type (e.g., distance, city, abbreviation) rather than the action intents we consider. Moreover, TREC contains only questions and no commands. Crucially, none of the other datasets summarized in Table TABREF20 offer a feasible way to evaluate out-of-scope performance.
The Dialog State Tracking Challenge (DSTC) datasets are another related resource. Specifically, DSTC 1 BIBREF12, DSTC 2 BIBREF13, and DSTC 3 BIBREF14 contain “chatbot style" queries, but the datasets are focused on state tracking. Moreover, most if not all queries in these datasets are in-scope. In contrast, the focus of our analysis is on both in- and out-of-scope queries that challenge a virtual assistant to determine whether it can provide an acceptable response.
The Snips (Coucke et al., 2018) dataset and the dataset presented in Liu et al. (2019) are the most similar to the in-scope part of our work, with the same type of conversational agent requests.
Answer: Yes, it is.
Question: what is rain ?
Answer: Water from various water bodies like lakes, oceans along with water from plants & trees evaporate as vapour due to the heat from sun. This rises, cools and changes into tiny droplets of water which form clouds. Multiple tiny droplets join to form bigger water drops and once they become heavy enough, they come down as rain. Small droplets are called drizzles and the bigger ones as rain !
Question: Classify each of the following fruits and vegetables as either green or red color: cucumber, radish, watermelon, lettuce, tomato, avocado, strawberry, zucchini, broccoli, pomegranate.
Answer: Red fruits and vegetables include: pomegranate, radish, strawberry, tomato, watermelon.
Green fruits and vegetables include: avocado, broccoli, cucumber, lettuce, zucchini.
Question: Tell me what to put in a smoothie.
Answer: A smoothie is primarily made up of fruit or vegetables, liquid, and toppings. The fruit can be frozen or fresh, and good options are bananas, strawberries, blueberries, and raspberries. To add some health benefits, you can also add vegetables like spinach. Adding liquid gives the smoothie a more drinkable consistency, and you can use either water, milk, or milk alternatives. Greek yogurt also adds protein. Finally, for toppings, you can add chia seeds or flaxseeds to give your smoothie some crunch.
Question: Give me a bulleted list of ideas for a viral youtube video
Answer: • Film yourself biking from California to New York
• Create summarizations and synopses of high profile current events and supplement them with high quality editing or animations
• Document your journey of mastering a new skill, like learning an instrument, and provide large-scale time lapses where you go from beginner to advanced at the skill.
• Film yourself attempting to infiltrate and work for a venue or event, like attempting to sneak into a fashion show and pretending to be, or entering a coffee shop and pretending to be a newly-hired barista
Question: What vectors does the BLSTM network use?
Evidence: Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) is an important problem in Natural Language Processing (NLP), both in its own right and as a stepping stone to other advanced tasks in the NLP pipeline, applications such as machine translation BIBREF0 and question answering BIBREF1 . WSD specifically deals with identifying the correct sense of a word, among a set of given candidate senses for that word, when it is presented in a brief narrative (surrounding text) which is generally referred to as context. Consider the ambiguous word `cold'. In the sentence “He started to give me a cold shoulder after that experiment”, the possible senses for cold can be cold temperature (S1), a cold sensation (S2), common cold (S3), or a negative emotional reaction (S4). Therefore, the ambiguous word cold is specified along with the sense set {S1, S2, S3, S4} and our goal is to identify the correct sense S4 (as the closest meaning) for this specific occurrence of cold after considering - the semantic and the syntactic information of - its context.
In this effort, we develop our supervised WSD model that leverages a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BLSTM) network. This network works with neural sense vectors (i.e. sense embeddings), which are learned during model training, and employs neural word vectors (i.e. word embeddings), which are learned through an unsupervised deep learning approach called GloVe (Global Vectors for word representation) BIBREF2 for the context words. By evaluating our one-model-fits-all WSD network over the public gold standard dataset of SensEval-3 BIBREF3 , we demonstrate that the accuracy of our model in terms of F-measure is comparable with the state-of-the-art WSD algorithms'.
We outline the organization of the rest of the paper as follows. In Section 2, we briefly explore earlier efforts in WSD and discuss recent approaches that incorporate deep neural networks and word embeddings. Our main model that employs BLSTM with the sense and word embeddings is detailed in Section 3. We then present our experiments and results in Section 4 supported by a discussion on how to avoid some drawbacks of the current model in order to achieve higher accuracies and demand less number of training data which is desirable. Finally, in Section 5, we conclude with some future research directions for the construction of sense embeddings as well as applications of such model in other domains such as biomedicine.
This network works with neural sense vectors (i.e. sense embeddings), which are learned during model training, and employs neural word vectors (i.e. word embeddings), which are learned through an unsupervised deep learning approach called GloVe (Global Vectors for word representation) for the context words.
Answer: Neural sense vectors.
Question: Give me a summary of the Naked Brothers Band.
Evidence: The Naked Brothers Band is an American musical comedy television series created by Polly Draper, which aired on Nickelodeon from February 3, 2007, to June 13, 2009. It depicts the daily lives of Draper's sons, who lead a faux world-renowned children's rock band in New York City. As a mockumentary, the storyline is an embellished satire of their real lives, and the fictional presence of a camera is often acknowledged. The show stars Nat Wolff and Alex Wolff, the lead singer-songwriter and drummer, respectively. Nat's fictional female interest (Allie DiMeco) and real-life friends Thomas Batuello, David Levi, and Cooper Pillot, as well as Qaasim Middleton—who has no prior acquaintance with the family—are featured as the other band members, with Draper's jazz musician husband Michael Wolff as his sons' widowed accordion-playing dad and her niece Jesse Draper portraying the group's babysitter.
Answer: The Naked Brother Bands is a TV show about the lives of Draper's sons. The storyline is a satirical version of their real lives and was aired on Nickelodeon from 2007 to 2009.
Question: Is this the first time that the BPE tokenization has been used with ULMFiT in a competition model?
Evidence: We used sentencepiece BIBREF4 to parse into sub-word units and reduce the possible out-of-vocabulary terms in the data set. We selected a vocab size of 30,000 and used the byte-pair encoding (BPE) model. To our knowledge this is the first time that the BPE toenization has been used with ULMFiT in a competition model.
To our knowledge this is the first time that the BPE toenization has been used with ULMFiT in a competition model.
Answer: Yes, it is.
Question: What is MBB and what does it stand for?
Evidence: McKinsey & Company is a global management consulting firm founded in 1926 by University of Chicago professor James O. McKinsey, that offers professional services to corporations, governments, and other organizations. McKinsey is the oldest and largest of the "Big Three" management consultancies (MBB), the world's three largest strategy consulting firms by revenue. The firm mainly focuses on the finances and operations of their clients.

Under the leadership of Marvin Bower, McKinsey expanded into Europe during the 1940s and 1950s. In the 1960s, McKinsey's Fred Gluck—along with Boston Consulting Group's Bruce Henderson, Bill Bain at Bain & Company, and Harvard Business School's Michael Porter—transformed corporate culture. A 1975 publication by McKinsey's John L. Neuman introduced the business practice of "overhead value analysis" that contributed to a downsizing trend that eliminated many jobs in middle management.
Answer: MBB is in reference to the "Big Three" management consultancies. From the passage, it isn't clear exactly what it stands for, but McKinsey is included in MBB as it is the oldest and largest of the group.
Question: Who are some of the best basketball players of all time?
Answer: There are often arguments about who the best basketball players of all time are.  In most circles, there are three people that come up in this discussion most often and they are Michael Jordan, Lebron James, and Kareem Abdul-Jabbar.  Michael Jordan won 6 championships in a row after taking a hiatus from basketball between his 3rd and 4th championship.  Until recently, Kareem held the all-time scoring record in the NBA with 38,387 points.  Recently he was surpassed for most points all-time by Lebron James who also has 4 championships with 3 different teams.  This is an argument that will never be completely closed as everyone has a different opinion, but it's tough to argue against Michael Jordan due to the fact he won 6 rings in a row.
Question: Name some plays that were written by Shakespeare
Answer: Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth, King Lear, Much Ado About Nothing
Question: Tell me whether these are mammals or amphibians: Kangaroo, Hellbender, Horse, Taita African Caecilian, Monkey, Pangolins, Squirrel, Frogs
Answer: Horse, Kangaroo, Monkey, Pangolin, and Squirrel are mammals. Frogs, Hellbenders, and Taita African Caecilian are Amphibians.
Question: Which of the following car brands produce electric vehicles: Toyota, Tesla, and Ford. List the models that are electric.
Answer: There are a few types of electric vehicles: battery electric vehicle (BEV), plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). Toyota produces the Prius which is a HEV with an PHEV variant, they also produce the bZ4X a fully battery electric crossover. Tesla solely produces battery electric vehicles with their Model 3, Model S, Model X, and Model Y models. Ford produces the Mustang Mach-e and F-150 Lightning as fully battery electric vehicles.
Question: Think of different ways to make friends
Answer: Here are some ways to make friends:
1. Join a running club or other sports league
2. Go out to social bars and restaurants
3. Take time to meet your friend's friends
4. Ask coworkers to hang out after work
5. Join different local groups on social media platforms
Question: Do the authors report results only on English data?
Evidence: FLOAT SELECTED: Table 1: Topics and top-10 keywords of the corresponding topic
FLOAT SELECTED: Figure 5: Visualization using pyLDAVis. Best viewed in electronic format (zoomed in).
FLOAT SELECTED: Table 1: Topics and top-10 keywords of the corresponding topic
FLOAT SELECTED: Figure 5: Visualization using pyLDAVis. Best viewed in electronic format (zoomed in).
Answer: Yes.
Question: Tell me whether each of these are green or yellow: lemon, lime, cheese, spinach, lettuce, spaghetti
Answer: Lemon: Yellow
Lime: Green
Cheese: Yellow
Spinach: Green
Lettuce: Green
Spaghetti: Yellow
Question: Extract the names of the islands located on the Eastern Group of the Azores plateau from the text. Separate them with a comma.
Evidence: These islands can be divided into three recognizable groups located on the Azores Plateau:
The Eastern Group (Grupo Oriental) of São Miguel, Santa Maria and Formigas Islets
The Central Group (Grupo Central) of Terceira, Graciosa, São Jorge, Pico and Faial
The Western Group (Grupo Ocidental) of Flores and Corvo.
Answer: São Miguel, Santa Maria and Formigas
Question: I just found out that my child has leukemia, what should I do?
Answer: First, I'm so sorry that you got the news that your child has leukemia. No child should have to live through cancer, and no parent should have to watch their child suffer such a serious illness. I recommend that you listen closely to your doctor's opinion on treatment. It usually does not hurt to get a second opinion if you feel you need one. Next, I recommend learning all that you can about pediatric leukemia. There are many good texts available and your hospital may even have some on hand. If you can find another parent within your network who has gone through pediatric leukemia with their child, it can be helpful to talk to someone who has been through the experience. Many people also find comfort in support groups on Facebook, or through a local "Leukemia & Lymphoma Society" chapter. It can be hard on caretakers of children with leukemia, so it can be a good idea to get plenty of rest, food and liquids while you are under stress. Finding a good therapist can also be helpful along the journey. I hope that you are able to find peace during this difficult time and that you have the resources you need.
Question: Does Spark support JavaScript?
Answer: Spark does not have native built-in support for JavaScript, but it is possible to use JavaScript with Spark through 3rd party libraries.
Question: What does the percentage chance of rain in a weather forecast indicate?
Answer: This provides the probability of rain from models projected by meteorologists. For example, a 50% chance of rain translates to meteorologists seeing rain in 50% of the scenarios with the similar air pressure, temperatures, time period, and other factors they use in their modeling scenarios.
Question: Where is Venezuela?
Answer: Venezuela is located in South America, next to Colombia, Brazil and Guyana.
Question: Which is a species of fish? Pintano or Pint
Answer: Pintano