DataHammer/scimrc huggingface dataset:
Question: What is the architecture of the underlying model？
Evidence: Our underlying model architecture is a standard attentional encoder-decoder BIBREF1 . Let INLINEFORM0 and INLINEFORM1 denote the source and target sentences, respectively. We use a Bi-LSTM encoder to represent the source words as a matrix INLINEFORM2 . The conditional probability of the target sentence is given as DISPLAYFORM0 
where INLINEFORM0 is computed by a softmax output layer that receives a decoder state INLINEFORM1 as input. This state is updated by an auto-regressive LSTM, INLINEFORM2 , where INLINEFORM3 is an input context vector. This vector is computed as INLINEFORM4 , where INLINEFORM5 is a probability distribution that represents the attention over the source words, commonly obtained as DISPLAYFORM0 
where INLINEFORM0 is a vector of scores. We follow BIBREF14 and define INLINEFORM1 as a bilinear transformation of encoder and decoder states, where INLINEFORM2 is a model parameter.
Our  underlying  model  architecture  is  a  stan- dard attentional encoder-decoder (Bahdanau et al., 2014).
Answer: Their underlying  model  architecture  is a stan- dard attentional encoder-decoder (Bahdanau et al., 2014).
Question: Does the training dataset provide logical form supervision?
Evidence: The dataset MSParS is published by NLPCC 2019 evaluation task. The whole dataset consists of 81,826 samples annotated by native English speakers. 80% of them are used as training set. 10% of them are used as validation set while the rest is used as test set. 3000 hard samples are selected from the test set. Metric for this dataset is the exactly matching accuracy on both full test set and hard test subset. Each sample is composed of the question, the logical form, the parameters(entity/value/type) and question type as the Table TABREF3 demonstrates.
The dataset MSParS is published by NLPCC 2019 evaluation task. The whole dataset consists of 81,826 samples annotated by native English speakers. 80% of them are used as training set. 10% of them are used as validation set while the rest is used as test set. 3000 hard samples are selected from the test set. Metric for this dataset is the exactly matching accuracy on both full test set and hard test subset. Each sample is composed of the question, the logical form, the parameters(entity/value/type) and question type as the Table TABREF3 demonstrates.
Answer: Yes.
Question: What kind of plant is the Besleria modica
Answer: Besleria modica is a species of plant in the family Gesneriaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.
Question: Why is my buttercream frosting not white?
Answer: Clear vanilla is one of the best ways to keep your buttercream frosting as close to white as possible. If you use traditional or even artificial vanilla, it will turn your buttercream frosting into more of a cream color rather than pure white. Pure white buttercream does not exist, as the color of butter is slightly yellow, which will give your buttercream frosting a small amount of color. However, the most likely culprit of your tan buttercream is your traditional vanilla extract.
Question: How many players are there on each side of a water polo game, including the goalie
Answer: There are seven players on each side of a water polo game
Question: How much is performance improved by disabling attention in certain heads?
Evidence: Our experiments suggest that certain heads have a detrimental effect on the overall performance of BERT, and this trend holds for all the chosen tasks. Unexpectedly, disabling some heads leads not to a drop in accuracy, as one would expect, but to an increase in performance. This is effect is different across tasks and datasets. While disabling some heads improves the results, disabling the others hurts the results. However, it is important to note that across all tasks and datasets, disabling some heads leads to an increase in performance. The gain from disabling a single head is different for different tasks, ranging from the minimum absolute gain of 0.1% for STS-B, to the maximum of 1.2% for MRPC (see fig:disableheadsall). In fact, for some tasks, such as MRPC and RTE, disabling a random head gives, on average, an increase in performance. Furthermore, disabling a whole layer, that is, all 12 heads in a given layer, also improves the results. fig:disablelayers shows the resulting model performance on the target GLUE tasks when different layers are disabled. Notably, disabling the first layer in the RTE task gives a significant boost, resulting in an absolute performance gain of 3.2%. However, effects of this operation vary across tasks, and for QNLI and MNLI, it produces a performance drop of up to -0.2%.
Notably, disabling the first layer in the RTE task gives a significant boost, resulting in an absolute performance gain of 3.2%. However, effects of this operation vary across tasks, and for QNLI and MNLI, it produces a performance drop of up to -0.2%.
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* disabling the first layer in the RTE task gives a significant boost, resulting in an absolute performance gain of 3.2%
*  this operation vary across tasks
Question: Although the paper argues the model is inspired by Siamese networks, it is indeed just using a shared GNN to encode both target and query graphs. In the field of combinatorial optimization, encoding graphs using GNN is straightforward. Perhaps the paper is not novel enough?
Evidence: Fig. presents the architecture of NEUROSED. The input to our learning framework is a pair of graphs G Q (query), G T (target) along with the supervision data SED(G Q , G T ). Our objective is to train a model that can predict SED on unseen query and target graphs. The design of our model must be cognizant of the fact that computing SED is NP-hard and high quality training data is scarce. Thus, we use a Siamese architecture in which the weight sharing between the embedding models boosts learnability and generalization from low-volume data by imposing a strong prior that the same topological features must be extracted for both graphs.
Siamese Networks: In these models, there are two networks with shared parameters applied to two inputs independently to compute representations. These representations are then passed through another module to compute a similarity score.
Siamese Networks: In these models, there are two networks with shared parameters applied to two inputs independently to compute representations.****We note here that if different embedding models are used for G1 and G2, or if the distance computations are pair-dependent (Li et al., 2019), then Theorem 2 would not hold. It is easy to verify that the proof fails if EQ and ET are different embedding functions corresponding to the query and the target, or if E is a function of both G1 and G2. Hence, the siamese architecture is crucial.
Answer: A siamese network, by definition, means a neural network that contains one or more identical sub-networks. This is indeed the case in our architecture, where the sub-networks are GNNs. In our work, we do not claim to be the first to use siamese GNNs. However, shared weights due to siamese architecture lies at the core of our ability to preserve theoretical distance properties of the original graph space in the embedded space. We have emphasized this aspect in the updated version (see the discussion following Theorem 2 in Sec 3.2).
Question: Which parts of New York City are best to live in?
Answer: Neighborhoods like Battery Park City, West Village, Chelsea and the Upper East side are considered to be some of the best neighborhoods to live in New York City. These are also extremely expensive, with average per square meter cost being amongst the highest in the world.
Question: Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Norman Osborne, Joker
Answer: Joker is DC, Norman Osborne is Marvel
Question: What are some different types of natural disasters?
Answer: Types of natural disasters include: Forest Fires, Tsunamis, Earthquakes, Volcanic Eruptions, Hurricanes, Tornados, and Avalanches.
Question: What is the difference between earphones and headphones?
Answer: Both earphones and headphones allow users to listen to audio from an input device. Their primary difference is in their form factor. Earphones tend to go inside your ears, while headphones sit on your ears (on your head). 

Earphones are usually smaller and more portable, while headphones tend to have better sound quality and battery life, as they are larger and can fit more parts and larger batteries inside. Depending on your needs, either would be a good choice for listening to audio.
Question: Tell me whether each of these players is a quarterback or running back: Ezekiel Elliot, Peyton Manning, Lamar Jackson, Leonard Fournette, Sam Darnold, Derrick Henry
Answer: Ezekiel Elliot: Running Back
Peyton Manning: Quarterback
Lamar Jackson: Quarterback
Leonard Fournette: Running Back
Sam Darnold: Quarterback
Derrick Henry: Running Back
Question: Which of these US states either border the ocean or are land-locked: Colorado, Alaska, Wisconsin, Hawaii, Washington, Oregon, Indiana, Maine, Nebraska, Florida and California.
Answer: These US States have an ocean border: Alaska, Florida, Washington, Oregon, Maine, California, and Hawaii. These US States are landlocked: Nebraska, Colorado, Indiana, and Wisconsin.
Question: What's the base model for the used architecture of the QA model?
Evidence: The used architecture of the QA model is briefly summarized below. Here we choose QANet BIBREF2 as the base model due to the following reasons: 1) it achieves the second best performance on SQuAD, and 2) since there are completely no recurrent networks in QANet, its training speed is 5x faster than BiDAF BIBREF17 when reaching the same performance on SQuAD.
The network architecture is illustrated in Figure FIGREF2 . The left blocks and the right blocks form two QANets, each of which takes a document and a question as the input and outputs an answer. In QANet, firstly, an embedding encoder obtains word and character embeddings for each word in INLINEFORM0 or INLINEFORM1 and then models the temporal interactions between words and refines word vectors to contextualized word representations. All encoder blocks used in QANet are composed exclusively of depth-wise separable convolutions and self-attention. The intuition here is that convolution components can model local interactions and self-attention components focus on modeling global interactions. The context-query attention layer generates the question-document similarity matrix and computes the question-aware vector representations of the context words. After that, a model encoder layer containing seven encoder blocks captures the interactions among the context words conditioned on the question. Finally, the output layer predicts a start position and an end position in the document to extract the answer span from the document.
The used architecture of the QA model is briefly summarized below. Here we choose QANet [3] as the base model due to the following reasons:
Answer: QANet.
Question: Why is it important to fill out post interview score card within three hours?
Answer: Because your impression of the candidate will be fresh in your mind, it's easy to get busy and the mix up impressions from multiple candidates get mixed up in your mind.
Question: Classify each of the following as either a city, or a state/province, or neither: San Jose, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Texas, Japan, Shandong
Answer: The following are cities: San Jose, Shanghai. The following are States/Provinces: Jiangsu, Texas, Shandong. Japan is a country, so not a city or state/province.
Question: Where should I keep my car keys when I'm home?
Answer: It's best to have a single designated spot for your car keys so you never lose them. Some good places in your home might be:

- On a key rack near the door
- On a console table near the door
- In a decorative tray on your dresser
- A knickknack bowl in the kitchen
Question: When did California become a state?
Answer: California became a state on September 9, 1850.
Question: Give me a list of top unicorns from India.
Answer: Flipkart, Swiggy, Ola, Meesho, Cred, Dream11, Paytm, Zomato
Question: From the paragraph, tell me what is the fourth longest natural arch in the world
Evidence: Landscape Arch is a natural arch in Arches National Park, Utah, United States. It is among the longest natural rock arches in the world. The arch is among many in the Devils Garden area in the north of the park. Landscape Arch was named by Frank Beckwith who explored the area in the winter of 1933–1934 as the leader of an Arches National Monument scientific expedition. The arch can be reached by a 0.8 mi (1.3 km) graded gravel trail.

The Natural Arch and Bridge Society (NABS) considers Landscape Arch the fifth longest natural arch in the world, after four arches in China. In 2004, the span of Landscape Arch was measured at 290.1 ft (88.4 m), ±0.8 ft (0.24 m), with a height of 77.5 ft (23.6 m). NABS measured the span of the slightly shorter Kolob Arch in Zion National Park at 287 ft (87 m) in 2006.

The most recent recorded rockfall events occurred in the 1990s when one large slab fell in 1991 and then two additional large rockfalls occurred in 1995. Since the rockfalls, the trail beneath the arch has been closed.
Answer: The article does not mention where the fourth longest natural arch in the world is. However, it does say that the top four are in China. The fifth longest one is the Landscape Arch in Utah, United States.
Question: What are the words of House Caron?
Answer: "No Song So Sweet"
Question: where does the word dynamite come from?
Answer: The greek word for Power is where dynamite originates from
Question: What approach do the authors propose in the paper?
Evidence: Previous work on multimodal machine translation has shown that visual information is only needed in very specific cases, for example in the presence of ambiguous words where the textual context is not sufficient. As a consequence, models tend to learn to ignore this information. We propose a translate-and-refine approach to this problem where images are only used by a second stage decoder. This approach is trained jointly to generate a good first draft translation and to improve over this draft by (i) making better use of the target language textual context (both left and right-side contexts) and (ii) making use of visual context. This approach leads to the state of the art results. Additionally, we show that it has the ability to recover from erroneous or missing words in the source language.
We propose a translate-and-refine approach to this problem where images are only used by a second stage decoder.
Answer: A translate-and-refine approach.
Question: Classify each of the following as either a virtue or a vice: humility, kindness, patience, greed, anger, lust, envy, pride.
Answer: Humility, kindness, patience are the virtues. And greed, anger, lust, envy, pride are the vices.
Question: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Cuica, Kokles
Answer: Kokles is string, Cuica is percussion.
Question: When did the golden age for Jewish culture start and where was it?
Evidence: A few scholars give the start of the Golden Age as 711–718, the Muslim conquest of Iberia.
Answer: The golden age for jewish culture started somewhere around 711-718 and it was in Spain.
Question: Tell me which of these are fire-type Pokemon: Arcanine, Lapras, Glalie, Spheal, Magmar, Houndour, Entei, Ho-oh, Torchic, Kyurem, Cubchoo, Beartic, Numel, Ninetales, Rotom, Mamoswine
Answer: Arcanine, Magmar, Houndour, Entei, Ho-oh, Torchic, Numel, Ninetales, Rotom
Question: Extract all of the names of people mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Name}
Evidence: After Manny Pacquiao signed with Al Haymon in October 2018, reports circulated that Adrien Broner was the front-runner to face him in January 2019. Pacquiao confirmed on October 18 that the deal was almost complete. One month later on November 19, a press conference was held in New York City to confirm the fight between Pacquiao and Broner on January 19, 2019 for the WBA (Regular) welterweight title. Pacquiao reunited with long-time trainer Freddie Roach who supervised the whole training camp while Buboy Fernandez did the mitts and physical parts of the training due to Pacquiao's concern of Roach's health. The fight took place at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas, Nevada and was distributed by Showtime PPV.
Answer: • Manny Pacquiao
• Al Haymon
• Adrien Broner
• Freddie Roach
• Buboy Fernandez
Question: What are the top 5 television sitcoms of all time?
Answer: 1. Seinfeld
2. The Office
3. Mash
4. Cheers
5. Friends
Question: What is Bayes theorem mathematical formula
Answer: P(A/B) = P(B/A) * P(A) / P(B)
Question: Why are the Georgia Bulldogs back to back National Champions in Football?
Answer: Coach Kirby Smart brought to Georgia what he learned as a longtime assistant with Nick Saban at Alabama and made his own process for Championship success. Smart has recruited the top high school players in the country to play for the Bulldogs and he has created a culture of brotherhood and accountability. The Georgia Bulldogs are now the standard of excellence when it comes to College Football.
Question: What does BATNA stand for?
Answer: Best - Alternative - To - A - Negotiated - Agreement
Question: What is a Fixed asset in finance?
Answer: A fixed asset is one which is intended to be used for several years. Examples are buildings,
machinery and vehicles.
Question: Based on this reference text about bull sharks, why can bull sharks live in both salt and fresh water?
Evidence: The bull shark (Carcharhinus leucas), also known as the Zambezi shark (informally zambi) in Africa and Lake Nicaragua shark in Nicaragua, is a species of requiem shark commonly found worldwide in warm, shallow waters along coasts and in rivers. It is known for its aggressive nature, and presence mainly in warm, shallow brackish and freshwater systems including estuaries and (usually) lower reaches of rivers.

Bull sharks are euryhaline and can thrive in both salt and fresh water. They are known to travel far up rivers, and have been known to travel up the Mississippi River as far as Alton, Illinois, about 1,100 kilometres (700 mi) from the ocean, but few freshwater interactions with humans have been recorded. Larger-sized bull sharks are probably responsible for the majority of nearshore shark attacks, including many incidents of shark bites attributed to other species.

Unlike the river sharks of the genus Glyphis, bull sharks are not true freshwater sharks, despite their ability to survive in freshwater habitats.
Answer: Bull sharks can live in both salt and fresh water because they are euryhaline.
Question: Why practicing sport is important ?
Answer: Practicing sport is very important for the well-being and health. It helps clear your mind. If you practice sport you will improve your health. When you practice sport you creates endorphin and dopamina in your body. It will helps to sleep better, feel less stressed and happier.
Question: Who is your favorite player on the Golden State Warriors?
Answer: As an AI, I don't have favorite basketball players. However, if I did have to choose, I would pick Gary Payton II. He plays with heart, defends relentlessly, and dunks on everyone.
Question: Which of these are woodworking handtools: plane, spokeshave, drill, table saw, chisel, bandsaw
Answer: Woodoworking handtools are classified by the lack of motorized capabilities. Thus is you can use it without an external source of power, it's a handtool! Planes, spokeshaves, chisels are examples of that, whilst the others (table saw, drill, band saw) all require a source of energy to be used.
Question: Classify each of the following as a bone or muscle: pectoral, bicep, femur, tibia, tricep, calf, skull
Answer: Pectoral: Muscle
Bicep: Muscle
Femur: Bone
Tibia: Bone
Tricep: Muscle
Calf: Muscle
Skull: Bone
Question: What is a commonly used evaluation metric for language models?
Evidence: Deep learning has unquestionably advanced the state of the art in many natural language processing tasks, from syntactic dependency parsing BIBREF0 to named-entity recognition BIBREF1 to machine translation BIBREF2 . The same certainly applies to language modeling, where recent advances in neural language models (NLMs) have led to dramatically better approaches as measured using standard metrics such as perplexity BIBREF3 , BIBREF4 .
Deep learning has unquestionably advanced the state of the art in many natural language processing tasks, from syntactic dependency parsing BIBREF0 to named-entity recognition BIBREF1 to machine translation BIBREF2 . The same certainly applies to language modeling, where recent advances in neural language models (NLMs) have led to dramatically better approaches as measured using standard metrics such as perplexity BIBREF3 , BIBREF4 .
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* perplexity
Question: In accordance with existentialism, does life have universal meaning?
Answer: The philosophical theory of Existentialism developed by Jean-Paul Sartre in the 20th century revolves around the idea of no objective purpose to life. 
Life itself has no universal meaning true for all beings. However, according to Sartre, that does not render our existence and actions as purposeless, but it is an encouragement to seek out our own understanding of purpose.
So the meaning of life in accordance with this philosophy is individual and personal, varying from one human to another.
Question: Where did the first limited-overs cricket match take place?
Evidence: In the 1960s, English county teams began playing a version of cricket with games of only one innings each and a maximum number of overs per innings. Starting in 1963 as a knockout competition only, limited-overs cricket grew in popularity and, in 1969, a national league was created which consequently caused a reduction in the number of matches in the County Championship. The status of limited overs matches is governed by the official List A categorisation. Although many "traditional" cricket fans objected to the shorter form of the game, limited-overs cricket did have the advantage of delivering a result to spectators within a single day; it did improve cricket's appeal to younger or busier people; and it did prove commercially successful.

The first limited-overs international match took place at Melbourne Cricket Ground in 1971 as a time-filler after a Test match had been abandoned because of heavy rain on the opening days. It was tried simply as an experiment and to give the players some exercise, but turned out to be immensely popular. limited-overs internationals (LOIs or ODIs—one-day internationals) have since grown to become a massively popular form of the game, especially for busy people who want to be able to see a whole match. The International Cricket Council reacted to this development by organising the first Cricket World Cup in England in 1975, with all the Test-playing nations taking part.
Answer: Melbourne Cricket Ground