DataHammer/scimrc huggingface dataset:
Question: Tell me about Reno, Nevada.
Evidence: Reno is a city in the northwest section of the U.S. state of Nevada, along the Nevada-California border, about 22 miles (35 km) north from Lake Tahoe, known as "The Biggest Little City in the World". Known for its casino and tourism industry, Reno is the county seat and largest city of Washoe County and sits in the High Eastern Sierra foothills, in the Truckee River valley, on the eastern side of the Sierra Nevada. The Reno metro area (along with the neighboring city Sparks) occupies a valley colloquially known as the Truckee Meadows which because of large-scale investments from Greater Seattle and San Francisco Bay Area companies such as Amazon, Tesla, Panasonic, Microsoft, Apple, and Google has become a new major technology center in the United States.

The city is named after Civil War Union Major General Jesse L. Reno, who was killed in action during the American Civil War at the Battle of South Mountain, on Fox's Gap.

Reno is part of the Reno–Sparks metropolitan area, the second-most populous metropolitan area in Nevada after the Las Vegas Valley. Known as Greater Reno, it includes Washoe, Storey, Lyon Counties, the independent city and state capital, Carson City, as well as parts of Placer and Nevada Counties in California. The city proper had a population of 264,165 at the 2020 census.
Answer: Reno is a city in the United States state of Nevada and sits in the northwest section of the state, near the California state line. Reno is known as "The Biggest Little City in the World." Reno is known for it's casino & tourism industry and is the largest city in Washoe County. The city is named after Civil War Union Major General Jesse L. Reno, who was killed in action during the American Civil War. Reno is part of the Reno–Sparks metropolitan area, which is the second-most populous metropolitan area in the state of Nevada after the Las Vegas Valley.
Question: What baseline did they compare Entity-GCN to?
Evidence: In this experiment, we compare our Enitity-GCN against recent prior work on the same task. We present test and development results (when present) for both versions of the dataset in Table 2 . From BIBREF0 , we list an oracle based on human performance as well as two standard reading comprehension models, namely BiDAF BIBREF3 and FastQA BIBREF6 . We also compare against Coref-GRU BIBREF12 , MHPGM BIBREF11 , and Weaver BIBREF10 . Additionally, we include results of MHQA-GRN BIBREF23 , from a recent arXiv preprint describing concurrent work. They jointly train graph neural networks and recurrent encoders. We report single runs of our two best single models and an ensemble one on the unmasked test set (recall that the test set is not publicly available and the task organizers only report unmasked results) as well as both versions of the validation set.
In this experiment, we compare our Enitity-GCN against recent prior work on the same task. We present test and development results (when present) for both versions of the dataset in Table 2 . From BIBREF0 , we list an oracle based on human performance as well as two standard reading comprehension models, namely BiDAF BIBREF3 and FastQA BIBREF6 . We also compare against Coref-GRU BIBREF12 , MHPGM BIBREF11 , and Weaver BIBREF10 . Additionally, we include results of MHQA-GRN BIBREF23 , from a recent arXiv preprint describing concurrent work. They jointly train graph neural networks and recurrent encoders. We report single runs of our two best single models and an ensemble one on the unmasked test set (recall that the test set is not publicly available and the task organizers only report unmasked results) as well as both versions of the validation set.
Answer: Human, FastQA, BiDAF, Coref-GRU, MHPGM, Weaver / Jenga, MHQA-GRN
Question: Tell me some brief highlights as to why adopting a vegan diet is a better choice.
Answer: Vegan diets provide many benefits, including:
- Reducing one's individual contributions to carbon emissions by electing to not eat farmed meat
- Lowering one's risks of cardiovascular disease
- Lowering one's risks of possessing high cholesterol
- Adopting a healthier diet by consuming more fruits, vegetables, and fiber
- Having fewer intolerances to trigger foods, such as dairy
- Appreciation from animals that won't be eaten
Question: Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Agiarut, Piccolo
Answer: Agiarut is string, Piccolo is woodwind.
Question: How deep can the roots of Big Bluestem grass go into the ground?
Answer: In ideal conditions, the roots of Big Bluestem grass can go six to seven feet deep.
Question: When was the Hundred Years War and who fought in it?
Answer: The English and French fought from the mid-14th century well into the 15th century. The English king reigned over not only the British islands but in Normandy, France. (Read up on William the Conqueror for the story of how that came to be.) The result of this continental foothold meant that the English fought mostly in France, from Brittany to the south of France, and east towards Flanders.

Fighting in this time was particularly brutal. "Men at Arms" were knights, wearing full suits of armor. Supporting these Men at Arms were crossbowman (on the French side) and archers, using the English War Bow, on the English side. The War Bow was an extremely powerful weapon.
Question: How do I get from Singapore to San Francisco?
Answer: There are several direct flights from Singapore to San Francisco. Singapore Airlines and United Airlines offer several daily direct flights which take about 17h each way. Alternatively, you could take a connecting flight in Japan which would take about 20h. Driving wouldn't work because there's no continuous land route from Singapore to San Francisco. You could take a ship, but you'd need to find one that sails this route in addition to taking 2 weeks for the journey.
Question: when was the first digital electronic calculating machine developed?
Answer: The first digital electronic calculating machines were developed during World War II. The first semiconductor transistors in the late 1940s were followed by the silicon-based MOSFET (MOS transistor) and monolithic integrated circuit chip technologies in the late 1950s, leading to the microprocessor and the microcomputer revolution in the 1970s.
Question: Is banana a flower or a fruit?
Answer: Banana is a fruit, not a flower.
Question: Where is Silicon Valley geographically based?
Answer: Silicon Valley is in the San Francisco Bay Area of California
Question: How many parts were brand new in the Porsche 993?
Evidence: The 993 was much improved over and quite different from its predecessor. According to Porsche, every part of the car was designed from the ground up, including the engine and only 20% of its parts were carried over from the previous generation. Porsche refers to the 993 as "a significant advance, not just from a technical, but also a visual perspective." Porsche's engineers devised a new light-alloy subframe with coil and wishbone suspension (an all new multi-link system, Weissach axle), putting behind the previous lift-off oversteer and making significant progress with the engine and handling, creating a more civilized car overall and providing an improved driving experience. The 993 was also the first 911 to receive a six speed transmission.
Answer: The 993 model was made from 1994-1998. It is known as the last of the aircooled Porsches. Only 20% of its parts were carried over from the previous generation (the 964). The 993 was a significant advance in terms of design and technical components. It is one of the most highly regarded 911s to this day.
Question: What classifier did the authors use when using lexical features and pre-trained static embeddings?
Evidence: We explored different classifiers. When using lexical features and pre-trained static embeddings, we primarily used an SVM classifier with a radial basis function kernel. Only when using the Mazajak embeddings, we experimented with other classifiers such as AdaBoost and Logistic regression. We did so to show that the SVM classifier was indeed the best of the bunch, and we picked the Mazajak embeddings because they yielded the best results among all static embeddings. We used the Scikit Learn implementations of all the classifiers such as libsvm for the SVM classifier. We also experimented with fastText, which trained embeddings on our data. When using contextualized embeddings, we fine-tuned BERT by adding a fully-connected dense layer followed by a softmax classifier, minimizing the binary cross-entropy loss function for the training data. For all experiments, we used the PyTorch implementation by HuggingFace as it provides pre-trained weights and vocabulary.
When using lexical features and pre-trained static embeddings, we primarily used an SVM classifier with a radial basis function kernel.
Answer: When using lexical features and pre-trained static embeddings, the authors primarily used an SVM classifier with a radial basis function kernel.
Question: Who won the 2016 Nobel Prize?
Evidence: The word "autophagy" was in existence and frequently used from the middle of the 19th century. In its present usage, the term autophagy was coined by Belgian biochemist Christian de Duve in 1963 based on his discovery of the functions of lysosome. The identification of autophagy-related genes in yeast in the 1990s allowed researchers to deduce the mechanisms of autophagy, which eventually led to the award of the 2016 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Japanese researcher Yoshinori Ohsumi.
Answer: The Japanese researcher Yoshinori Ohsumi.
Question: Tell me a joke
Answer: Well, I used to hate facial hair, but it grew on me.
Question: If you are about to be admitted to the hospital overnight, categorize each of the following as either useful or not useful: a phone charger, a camping tent, reading glasses, a cruise ship, 10 bags of lumpy cement, a favorite blanket, and headphones, and a grand piano.
Answer: When you are staying overnight in the hospital, it would be useful to have a phone charger, reading glasses, a favorite blanket and headphones. It would not be useful to have a camping tent, cruise ship, 10 bags of lumpy cement or a grand piano.
Question: Given this reference text about cargo ships, when was the USS West Gate launched?
Evidence: USS West Gate (ID-3216) was a cargo ship for the United States Navy during World War I. The ship was laid down as SS War Agate, but she was launched in January 1918 as SS West Gate instead.
Answer: January 1918
Question: Give me a bullet list of 8 different pastel colors I could paint my wall
Answer: - Baby blue
- Robin blue
- Pale pink
- Rose
- Light green
- Lilac
- Pale yellow
- Tan
Question: Identify which car manufacturer is French or American: Venturi, Lincoln
Answer: Venturi is French, Lincoln is American
Question: Given a reference text about Ainley's storm petrel, tell me when and where they breed.
Evidence: Ainley's storm petrel (Hydrobates cheimomnestes) is a species of seabird in the family Hydrobatidae. It breeds in the winter on Guadalupe Island off the western coast of Mexico. It ranges south to the Galápagos Islands. It is considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of Leach's storm petrel.

Taxonomy
This species was first described as a subspecies of Leach's storm petrel (Hydrobates leucorhoa), by the United States marine ornithologist David Ainley. He distinguished it on grounds of physiology, morphology and voice, separating it from Townsend's storm petrel (Hydrobates socorroensis) which breeds on the same islands in the summer whereas Hydrobates cheimomnestes breeds in the winter. The species name cheimomnestes means "winter suitor", in reference to the fact that this bird breeds in the winter. There is still disagreement among authorities as to whether it should be regarded as a separate species. It is recognised as such by Avibase, but not by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. It was formerly defined in the genus Oceanodroma before that genus was synonymized with Hydrobates.
Answer: Ainley's storm petrel breed on Guadalupe Island in the winter.
Question: Which of the following countries are in Europe and which are in the rest of the world: Nicaragua, Australia, Austria, New Zealand, Morocco, Spain, Greece, China, Chile?
Answer: Austria, Spain, and Greece are all countries in Europe, while the remaining countries in the list are in the rest of the world. Nicaragua is in North America, Australia and New Zealand are in Oceania, Morocco is in Africa, China is in Asia, and Chile is part of South America.
Question: Tell me about Potrerillos
Evidence: Potrerillos is a corregimiento in Dolega District, Chiriquí Province, Panama. It has a land area of 55.4 square kilometres (21.4 sq mi) and had a population of 1,562 as of 2010, giving it a population density of 28.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (73/sq mi). Its population as of 1990 was 1,157; its population as of 2000 was 1,378.
Answer: Potrerillos is a corregimiento in Dolega District, Chiriquí Province, Panama. It has a land area of 55.4 square kilometres (21.4 sq mi) and had a population of 1,562 as of 2010, giving it a population density of 28.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (73/sq mi).
Question: Which is a species of fish? Ayu or Aye
Answer: Ayu
Question: What are the top 5 best ways to prepare a burger?
Answer: 1) Traditional methods would start with using a normal grill for 2-3 minutes per side, ensuring the burger is full cooked.
2) For the real burger enthusiast, the only way to prepare a burger is the smash burger style typically completed on a flat top griddle.  This technique produces a unique sear on the outer part of the burger adding to taste and texture.
3) Some people might also like to prepare a burger on a kitchen stove top or George Foreman grill.  Not advised but works in a pinch.
4) For those camping, burgers can be prepared on a cast iron skillet over wood fire.
5) Lastly, one could use a microwave in a pinch but this type of heating mechanism is not idea for preparing any type of meat.
Question: What does HEMA stand for? ​​
Answer: HEMA stands for Historical European Martial Arts. It is a type of martial art that combines the techniques of historical European martial arts with modern techniques.
Question: What is the best method for setting up to hit a golf shot approach to a green?
Answer: When a golfer is setting up to hit a golf short, there are several things they need to take into account. First, they need to understand what club to hit based on the distance to the green, the elevation, wind speed and possibly the contours of the green. For beginning golfers, focusing on the center of the green is probably easiest. More skilled golfers should target areas closer to the pin or that leave them an easier putt or chip. The second step is lining up the shot. It's usually best to approach from the behind the ball to make sure your legs and body are aligned to the target. The target (pin, tree, etc) should take into account a golfers natural tendency to either draw (right to left) or fade (left to right) the ball as well as the direction and strength of the wind. The golfers stance will also affect the trajectory of a ball. If the golfers feet are above the ball or the ball is on a downhill lie, the ball will tend to go to the right. If the golfers feet are below the ball or the ball is on an uphill lie, the ball  will tend to go to the left. For left handed golfers, simple reverse the descriptions.
Question: How can one find time to do everything effectively in life?
Answer: We feel 100% occupied with varied number of things that we are engaged with in life. And when we look closely, this doesn't really take a lot of tasks usually.
If you notice, you will realize that one can get (or feel like) totally busy with any amount of tasks and when multi-tasking and juggling between different things, the effectiveness of the work depends on how one is able to complete individual pieces with their utmost focus. When one is focussed on their work, distractions are the one of hinderances that comes in the path of effectiveness of a task. Distractions could come in the form of phone calls, emails, requests over online chats, scheduled meetings, someone walking into the workspace for a talk, etc and majority of them result in adding up some kind of work to be performed. While it interrupts one's attention, in the modern ways of operating through life, most of these modes of communication are necessary to function and we need to be prepared for all the distractions that comes our way. Let us look at some of the ways to better handle and succeed in such circumstances:
1. Give our 100% attention to the current task at hand, for however small amount of time it may be, before being distracted.
2. Complete the things that can be done quickly.
3. Retain Context for switching off and back.
4. Maintain, Prioritize and track all pending To-Do's.
5. Set the expectations and commit based on the current To-Do tasks and their priorities.
6. As applicable, not taking up the work that is expected out of someone else.
Question: What is the difference between a shrub and a tree?
Answer: Some biologists maintain that there is no genetic difference between shrubs and trees - some species may have expressions in tree form and shrub form.  Other scientists believe that the physical form is essential and that shrubs are distinct from trees.
Question: Why does the capital of Uzbekistan contain the biggest Greek community?
Evidence: The Greeks in Uzbekistan number approximately 9,000. The community is made up of Greeks from Russia who were deported by force from that country to Uzbekistan in the 1940s, and political refugees from Greece. About 30,000 Greeks lived in the country before World War II and a further 11,000 arrived after the Greek Civil War and the defeat of Democratic Army of Greece. Their numbers have dwindled from a high of some 40,000 in the 1960s. The main reason is emigration to Greece after the end of the Cold War when laws allowed the return of all ethnic Greeks who had been exiled for political reasons after the Greek Civil War. The biggest Greek community in the country is in the capital city of Tashkent where most of the Greek political refugees were relocated by the Soviet authorities. In ancient times the south of the country was part of the Hellenistic Seleucid Kingdom but the few Greek communities there have since assimilated.  The most important organization representing ethnic Greeks is the Greek Cultural Association of Tashkent. The activities of this organization include Greek language instruction (19 classes with a total of 571 students, classes for adults) and the teaching of Greek dances and music.
Answer: Most of the Greek political refugees in Uzbekistan were relocated by the Soviet authorities to the capital city of Tashkent.
Question: Given a reference text about Gennady Petrovich Lyachin, tell me when he joined the navy and when he was decommissioned.
Evidence: Gennady Petrovich Lyachin (Russian: Геннадий Петрович Лячин; 1 January 1955 – 12 August 2000) was a Russian navy officer. He was the commanding officer of the Russian submarine Kursk when the vessel suffered a series of explosions and sank on 12 August 2000.

Lyachin was born in Sarpinsky in Volgograd Oblast. He entered the Navy in 1972 and graduated from the Higher Naval School of Submarine Navigation named for Lenin Komsomol in 1977 and was commissioned as an officer. He served as a weapons officer aboard the diesel-electric Juliett class cruise missile submarine K-58. From 1984 to 1986, as Captain 3rd Rank, he served as the executive officer of the K-77, also a Juliett Class. In 1986 he attended Advanced Special Officers' Classes during which time he was promoted to Captain 2nd Rank.

In October 1988, Lyachin received his first command, the K-304 also a Juliett class. He held this position until the K-304 was decommissioned after the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991.

In April 1991, he was appointed executive officer of a nuclear submarine, the Project 949A Antey class (NATO reporting name Oscar-II) K-119 Voronezh and served aboard through 1996. He and the newly formed crew spent the time between September 1991 and March 1993 undergoing training in Obninsk.

Lyachin was promoted to the rank of Captain 1st Rank in 1996 and given command of the Voronezh's sister ship, the ill-fated K-141 Kursk, the very last Project 949A submarine to be completed, which had been commissioned only two years earlier. When the Kursk sank on August 12, 2000, Lyachin perished along with the rest of the 117 crew members.
Answer: Gennady Petrovich Lyachin joined the Navy in 1972 and was decommissioned in 1991 after the fall of the Soviet Union.
Question: What is the best food?
Answer: We all need food to survive. For many people, food is more than a necessity for survival. Food is a lifestyle. Food is art. For these foodies, let us consider, what is the best food. In this author's humble opinion, pizza is the best food. And here's why. First, it's universality. While hailing from Italy, or so they say, pizza is enjoyed across the globe. Second, it's very accessible, on a couple of fronts. If you want just a snack, you can have just one slice of pizza. If you need to feed a family, you can order a whole pizza pie. If you need to feed a large group - pizza can be ordered and received in large quantities. Then, there are the varieties of pizza. There are many different types of crust to suit your preferences. There are many different types of sauces, cheeses, and toppings that can put on pizza. Nearly an limitless combination of pizzas to suit all palettes. But the best reason is simply the depth of flavor in each and every bite. There is a delicious amount of complexity in every bite: a crunch, warm, maybe a little spice, a little sweet from the tomato sauce and of course added complexities from whichever toppings you choose. Don't let anyone tell you otherwise , pizza is the best food.
Question: What is the capital of Mongolia?
Evidence: Mongolia (/mɒŋˈɡoʊliə/ (listen)) is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south. It covers an area of 1,564,116 square kilometres (603,909 square miles), with a population of just 3.3 million, making it the world's most sparsely populated sovereign nation. Mongolia is the world's largest landlocked country that does not border a closed sea, and much of its area is covered by grassy steppe, with mountains to the north and west and the Gobi Desert to the south. Ulaanbaatar, the capital and largest city, is home to roughly half of the country's population.
Answer: Ulaanbaatar is the capital of Mongolia
Question: When was the attack on Pearl Harbor
Evidence: The attack on Pearl Harbor[nb 3] was a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service upon the United States against the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii, just before 8:00 a.m. (local time) on Sunday, December 7, 1941. The United States was a neutral country at the time; the attack led to its formal entry into World War II the next day. The Japanese military leadership referred to the attack as the Hawaii Operation and Operation AI,[nb 4] and as Operation Z during its planning.

The attack was preceded by months of negotiations between the U.S. and Japan over the future of the Pacific. Japanese demands included that the U.S. end its sanctions against Japan, cease aiding China in the Second Sino-Japanese war, and allow Japan to access the resources of the Dutch East Indies. Anticipating a negative response from the US, Japan sent out its naval attack groups in November 1941 just prior to receiving the Hull note—the U.S. demand that Japan withdraw from China and Indochina.

Japan intended the attack as a preventive action. Its aim was to prevent the United States Pacific Fleet from interfering with its planned military actions in Southeast Asia against overseas territories of the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and those of the United States. Over the course of seven hours there were coordinated Japanese attacks on the U.S.-held Philippines, Guam, and Wake Island and on the British Empire in Malaya, Singapore, and Hong Kong.
Answer: December 7, 1941