DataHammer/scimrc huggingface dataset:
Question: Through their analysis, what fields contain more low quality Lives?
Evidence: The rating scores are within a range of INLINEFORM0 . We calculate min, Q1, median, Q3, max, mean, and mode about review count (see Table TABREF8 ). Because the number of received review may greatly influence the reliability of the review score. From Table TABREF8 we can see that many responses on Zhihu Live receive no review at all, which are useless for quality evaluation.
One of the most challenging problems is no unique standard to evaluate a Zhihu Live as a low-quality or high-quality one. A collection of people may highly praise a Zhihu Live while others may not. In order to remove the sample bias, we delete those records whose review count is less than Q1 (11). So we get 5477 records which belong to 18 different fields.
The statistics of review scores after deletion are shown in Table TABREF9 . The mean score of 5477 records is 4.51, and the variance is 0.16. It indicates that the majority of Zhihu Lives are of high quality, and the users' scores are relatively stable.
Badge in Zhihu represents identity authentication of public figures and high-quality answerers. Only those who hold a Ph.D. degree or experts in a specific domain can be granted a badge. Hence, these speakers tend to host high-quality Zhihu Lives theoretically. Table TABREF10 shows that 3286 speakers hold no badge, 1475 speakers hold 1 badge, and 446 speakers hold 2 badges, respectively. The average score of Zhihu Lives given by two badges holders is slightly higher than others. We can conclude that whether the speaker holds badges does have slightly influence on the Zhihu Live quality ratings, which is consistent with our supposition.
Furthermore, we calculate the average scores of different Zhihu Live types (See Table TABREF11 ). We find that Others, Art and Sports fields contain more high-quality Zhihu Lives, while Delicacy, Business and Psychology fields contain more low-quality Lives. We can conclude that the topics related to self-improvement tend to receive more positive comments.
There are two types of Zhihu accounts: personal and organization. From Table TABREF12 , we can see that the majority of the Zhihu Live speakers are men with personal accounts. Organizations are less likely to give presentation and share ideas upon Zhihu Live platform.
Furthermore, we calculate the average scores of different Zhihu Live types (See Table 4). We find that Others, Art and Sports fields contain more high-quality Zhihu Lives, while Delicacy, Business and Psychology fields contain more lowquality Lives.
Answer: Delicacy, Business and Psychology fields.
Question: How does the federal government of the USA implement separation of powers?
Answer: To maintain separation of powers, the US federal government has three branches that each maintain separate and independent powers: judicial, executive, legislative
Question: Which of these are electronic and which are found in nature: a laptop, a tree, Pixel phone, a calculator, an Apple Watch, a bee, and a volcano.
Answer: The electronic items are a a laptop, Pixel phone, a calculator, and an Apple Watch. The items found in nature are a tree, a bee, and a volcano.
Question: Why are plants green?
Answer: Green coloration comes from the reflection of light off of a plant's cells. The plants cells are full of photosynthesizing chemicals called chlorophyll which reflect a green color. Not all plants look green though, due to the ability to reflect other wavelengths of light. When plants lose chlorophyll they will tend to lose the green color. This is why plants lose their green color in the fall and turn into red, orange, and yellow.
Question: Given a reference text about bull sharks, tell me the gestation period for bull sharks.
Evidence: Bull sharks mate during late summer and early autumn, often in bays and estuaries. After gestating for 12 months, a bull shark may give birth to 1 to 13 live young.

They are viviparous, born live and free-swimming. The young are about 70 cm (27.6 in) at birth. The bull shark does not rear its young; the young bull sharks are born into flat, protected areas. Coastal lagoons, river mouths, and other low-salinity estuaries are common nursery habitats.

The male bull shark is able to begin reproducing around the age of 15 years while the female cannot begin reproducing until the age of 18 years. The size of a fully matured female bull shark to produce viable eggs for fertilization seems to be 175 cm to 235 cm. The courting routine between bull sharks has not been observed in detail as of yet. The male likely bites the female on the tail until she can turn upside down and the male can copulate at that point. Mature females commonly have scratches from the mating process.
Answer: The gestation period for bull sharks is 12 months.
Question: In which Indian state is Banda Deul located in?
Evidence: Banda Deul is an 11th-century temple in Banda village (also called Deulghera) in the Raghunathpur II CD block in the Raghunathpur subdivision of the Purulia district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

There is a temple at Banda, which is described by the Archaeological Society of India as a rekha deul of triratha variety in sandstone. “The temple is richly decorated, the themes being creepers, scroll work and stylised chaitya window.” The temple was built around the 11th century.

The temple had a mandapa which has largely collapsed, However, eight pillars are still there supporting the cross beams. The temple has a water outlet with a makara (crocodile) head.

According to the List of Monuments of National Importance in West Bengal the old temple at Banda is an ASI listed monument.
Answer: West Bengal
Question: Write down four different things that can go in a salad
Answer: Lettuce, Carrots, Celery and Tomatoes can all go in a salad
Question: Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Livyatan, Mountain Gorilla
Answer: Mountain Gorilla is alive, Livyatan is extinct.
Question: In the series, A Song of Ice and Fire, who is the founder of House Baelish?
Answer: The unknown founder of House Baelish was a Braavosi sellsword.
Question: How many national championships has Nick Saban won at Alabama?
Evidence: The Alabama Crimson Tide football program represents the University of Alabama (variously Alabama, UA, or Bama) in the sport of American football. The team competes in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Western Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The team's head coach is Nick Saban, who has led the Tide to six national championships over his tenure. The Crimson Tide is among the most storied and decorated football programs in NCAA history. Since beginning play in 1892, the program claims 18 national championships, including 13 wire-service (AP or Coaches') national titles in the poll-era, and five other titles before the poll-era. From 1958 to 1982, the team was led by Hall of Fame coach Paul "Bear" Bryant, who won six national titles with the program. Despite numerous national and conference championships, it was not until 2009 that an Alabama player received a Heisman Trophy, when running back Mark Ingram II became the university's first winner. In 2015, Derrick Henry became the university's second Heisman winner. The Crimson Tide won back to back Heisman trophies in 2020 and 2021, with DeVonta Smith and Bryce Young.
Answer: As head coach of the Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Nick Saban has won six national championships. Alabama claims 18 football national championships in the program's history.
Question: Extract the names of the teams Bennie John Reiges was a part of from the text. Separate them with a comma.
Evidence: Bennie John Reiges (March 4, 1920 – October 22, 2020) was an American football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at Arizona State Teachers College at Flagstaff—now known as Northern Arizona University—in 1950, compiling a record of 2–7. Reiges played college football as a quarterback at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) during the 1946 and 1947 seasons. He was selected by the Los Angeles Rams in the 1947 NFL Draft. He died in October 2020 at the age of 100.
Answer: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles Rams, Arizona State Teachers College at Flagstaff
Question: Classify these artist as either country or pop: Dua Lipa, Harry Styles, Alan Jackson, Morgan Wallen, Taylor Swift, Thomas Rhett
Answer: Pop: Dua Lipa, Harry Styles, Taylor Swift 
Country: Morgan Wallen, Alan Jackson, Thomas Rhett
Question: Tell me whether each of these sports is in the winter or summer olympics: track, skiing, snowboarding, curling, golf, soccer
Answer: Track: Summer Olympics
Skiing: Winter Olympics
Snowboarding: Winter Olympics
Curling: Winter Olympics
Golf: Summer Olympics
Soccer: Summer Olympics
Question: Write a review of Amor Towles's book, A Gentleman in Moscow
Answer: Fantastic book.

While the Count can be an arrogant aristocrat, he certainly can get up to a lot of trouble in 30 years of staying in the hotel metropol. I loved Towles's style - the vignettes built up a lot of character and compassion for the Count and the friends he made, and really made me vested in the ending sequence.

Lots of cultural, historical, and artistic references. If you are savvy, this will be an excellent read.
Question: What city in the world is regarded as having the largest number of professional and famous surfers and surfboard shapers?
Evidence: San Clemente is known for its many surfing locations, which include Trestles, Lowers, Middles & Uppers, Cotton's Point, Calafia Beach Park, Riviera, Lasuens (most often called Lost Winds), The Hole, T-Street, The Pier, Linda Lane, 204, North Beach and Poche Beach. It is also home to Surfing Magazine, The Surfer's Journal, and Longboard Magazine.

The city has a large concentration of surfboard shapers and manufacturers. Additionally, numerous world-renowned surfers were raised in San Clemente or took up long-term residence in town, including, Colin McPhillips(3 x longboard world champion), Matt Archbold, Herbie Fletcher(founder of AstroDeck), Dibi Fletcher (first female CEO of a surf company), Christian Fletcher, Nathan Fletcher, Greyson Flecther, Griffin Colapinto, Crosby Colapinto, Shane Beschen, Gavin Beschen, Chris Ward, Dino Andino, Kolohe Andino, Patrick Gudauskas, Dane Gudauskas, Tanner Gudauskas, Mike Long, Greg Long (Greg Long has dominated the XXL Global Big Wave Awards, winning 2005's 'Biggest Paddle In', 2007's 'Biggest Tow-in', 2009 and 2014's 'Ride of the Year', and the coveted 'Performer of the Year' in 2004, 2008 and 2013), Sawyer Lindblad, Jett Schilling, Kade Matson, Taj Lindblad, Hagan Johnson, Jim Hogan, Mike Parsons, Bobby Freidman, Anna Shisler, Brian Knoblock , Rich Chew, Jonathan Paskowitz, Joyce Hoffman, Bill Stewart, Matt Biolos (founder of Lost surfboards), Anastasia Ashley, Timmy Patterson, Cole Simler (Cole Surfboards), Terry Senate surfboards. Matt "Mayhem" Biolos and Lost Surfboards, Timmy Patterson Surfboards, Cole Simler and Cole Surfboards, Fletcher Surfboards, Terry Senate Surfboards, Jed Noll and Noll Surfboards, Matt Parker and Album Surfboards, Christian Wach and Ryan Engle of Canvas Surfboards and Nation Surfboards, 

San Clemente High School has won 6 out of 7 most recent NSSA national surfing titles and is regarded as consistently one of the top surfing high schools in the world. Shorecliffs Junior High School is also regarded as the top middle school for surfers.
Answer: San Clemente, California in the United States is regarded by many as the top city in the world for surfing, surfboard shapers and surf culture.
Question: How rich is Gabon and why?
Evidence: The economy of Gabon is characterized by strong links with France, large foreign investments, dependence on skilled foreign labor, and decline of agriculture. Gabon enjoys a per capita income four times that of most nations of sub-Saharan Africa, its reliance on resource extraction industry releasing much of the population from extreme poverty.

The country is rich in natural resources such as timber, manganese and oil. The country is the fifth largest oil producing nation in Africa, which has helped drive its strong growth in the later 20th century.

The oil sector now accounts for 50% of GDP and 80% of exports. Although there have been recent offshore finds, oil production is now declining from its peak of 370,000 barrels per day (59,000 m3/d) in 1997, and periods of low oil prices have had a negative impact on government revenues and the economy. In 2012 there were six active oil rigs in Gabon.

The government has plans to diversify its economy away from its dwindling oil reserves. The government announced in 2012 that it would reassess exactly how much iron ore the Belinga site contains before awarding the concession to a mining company, most likely to be China's CMEC, which temporarily secured the rights to the ore in 2007.

Around 80% of Gabonese live in cities. The capital city, Libreville is home to 59% of the total population. The remainder of the country is still sparsely populated, as those areas remain densely forested.
Answer: Gabon's per capita income is four times that of most nations of sub-Saharan Africa. Owing to an abundance of natural resources such as timber, manganese and oil, its resource extraction industry has thrived. This has helped raise the living standards of the population.
Question: What are the primary colors?
Answer: Primary colors are red, yellow, and blue. Together, these are used in combination to create the rest of the color pallet. Red + yellow = orange. Yellow + blue = green. Red + blue = purple.
Question: What are the handcrafted features used?
Evidence: The following handcrafted features were used for the model:
Bias feature
Token feature
Uppercase feature (y/n)
Titlecase feature (y/n)
Character trigram feature
Quotation feature (y/n)
Word suffix feature (last three characters)
POS tag (provided by spaCy utilities)
Word shape (provided by spaCy utilities)
Word embedding (see Table TABREF26)
The following handcrafted features were used for the model:

Bias feature

Token feature

Uppercase feature (y/n)

Titlecase feature (y/n)

Character trigram feature

Quotation feature (y/n)

Word suffix feature (last three characters)

POS tag (provided by spaCy utilities)

Word shape (provided by spaCy utilities)

Word embedding (see Table TABREF26)
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* Bias feature
* Token feature
* Uppercase feature (y/n)
* Titlecase feature (y/n)
* Character trigram feature
* Quotation feature (y/n)
* Word suffix feature (last three characters)
* POS tag (provided by spaCy utilities)
* Word shape (provided by spaCy utilities)
* Word embedding (see Table TABREF26)
Question: Given a reference text about Sintok, tell me where it is located.
Evidence: Sintok is a small town Kubang Pasu District, Kedah, Malaysia. Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM) is situated here.

Sintok is located about 52 kilometres from Alor Setar City and about twelve kilometres from Changlun Town. Sintok is reachable via Kuala Perlis-Changlun-Sintok expressway and via a road from Padang Terap.

History
The name "Sintok" is taken from the name of a type of tree. The town was originally a remote settlement area for tin miners. However, due to its close proximity to the border of Malaysia-Thailand, Sintok was exposed to threats from the banned communist group. Hence, the government had to migrate all the original residents to a safer area, and declared the town are as a 'black area'. History recorded many killings of members of the security forces in the area.

By mid 1980s, the federal and state government agreed on building a university in Sintok. The university was named Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM), literally translated as "Northern University of Malaysia", and construction started in the late 1980s to replace the temporary campus in Bandar Baru Darul Aman, Jitra.

As a memorial to the sacrifice by the security forces, a memorial structure was built in that UUM campus. A list of names of the members of the security forces that was killed by the communists was placed at this memorial structure.

The establishment of UUM campus has expedited the growth of new settlements like Bandar Baru Sintok and Bukit Kachi which is located opposite of Sungai Badak Forest Reserve.
Answer: Sintok is located 12km from Changlu Town and 52km from Alor Setar City in Malaysia.
Question: what is petrified wood
Evidence: Petrified wood, also known as petrified tree (from Ancient Greek πέτρα meaning 'rock' or 'stone'; literally 'wood turned into stone'), is the name given to a special type of fossilized wood, the fossilized remains of terrestrial vegetation. Petrifaction is the result of a tree or tree-like plants having been replaced by stone via a mineralization process that often includes permineralization and replacement. The organic materials making up cell walls have been replicated with minerals (mostly silica in the form of opal, chalcedony, or quartz). In some instances, the original structure of the stem tissue may be partially retained. Unlike other plant fossils, which are typically impressions or compressions, petrified wood is a three-dimensional representation of the original organic material.

The petrifaction process occurs underground, when wood becomes buried in water or volcanic ash. The presence of water reduces the availability of oxygen which inhibits aerobic decomposition by bacteria and fungi. Mineral-laden water flowing through the sediments may lead to permineralization, which occurs when minerals precipitate out of solution filling the interiors of cells and other empty spaces. During replacement, the plant's cell walls act as a template for mineralization. There needs to be a balance between the decay of cellulose and lignin and mineral templating for cellular detail to be preserved with fidelity. Most of the organic matter often decomposes, however some of the lignin may remain. Silica in the form of opal-A, can encrust and permeate wood relatively quickly in hot spring environments. However, petrified wood is most commonly associated with trees that were buried in fine grained sediments of deltas and floodplains or volcanic lahars and ash beds. A forest where such material has petrified becomes known as a petrified forest.
Answer: Petrified wood is one of fossils, it is a plant which the inner part has been replaced by stone by compressions and impressions through millions of years
Question: Extract the most recent upper bound and low bound of the sofa constant and return them in the format {Bound Type} - {Bound Value}.
Evidence: Work has been done on proving that the sofa constant (A) cannot be below or above certain values (lower bounds and upper bounds).

Lower
An obvious lower bound is A \geq \pi/2 \approx 1.57. This comes from a sofa that is a half-disk of unit radius, which can rotate in the corner.

John Hammersley derived a lower bound of A \geq \pi/2 + 2/\pi \approx 2.2074 based on a shape resembling a telephone handset, consisting of two quarter-disks of radius 1 on either side of a 1 by 4/\pi rectangle from which a half-disk of radius. 

In 1992, Joseph L. Gerver of Rutgers University described a sofa described by 18 curve sections each taking a smooth analytic form. This further increased the lower bound for the sofa constant to approximately 2.2195.

Upper

Hammersley also found an upper bound on the sofa constant, showing that it is at most 2\sqrt{2} \approx 2.8284. 

Yoav Kallus and Dan Romik proved a new upper bound in June 2017, capping the sofa constant at 2.37.
Answer: The soft constant has the following bounds: Upper Bound - 2.37, Lower Bound - 2.2195.
Question: How many F1 points does their method outperform state-of-the-art char/word n-gram methods by?
Evidence: Hate speech detection on Twitter is critical for applications like controversial event extraction, building AI chatterbots, content recommendation, and sentiment analysis. We define this task as being able to classify a tweet as racist, sexist or neither. The complexity of the natural language constructs makes this task very challenging. We perform extensive experiments with multiple deep learning architectures to learn semantic word embeddings to handle this complexity. Our experiments on a benchmark dataset of 16K annotated tweets show that such deep learning methods outperform state-of-the-art char/word n-gram methods by ~18 F1 points.
Our experiments on a benchmark dataset of 16K annotated tweets show that such deep learning methods outperform state-of-the-art char/word n-gram methods by ∼18 F1 points.
Answer: ∼18 F1 points.
Question: What do political scientists mean when they refer to “home-style”?
Answer: Political scientist Richard Fenno coined the term “home-style” as what representatives do back in their home districts and how they represent their constituents.  The purpose of this is to help the constituents, so that they will re-elect the representative. These constituencies can be seen as four circles, each embedded in the other.  The largest is the geographic district, which is all the voters.  Inside that circle is electoral supporters or people who will vote for the representative.  Next is primary supporters who work for the representative. Finally, we have the representative’s intimates who are family, friends and advisors.
Question: In what part of the world could you find wild bonobos?
Evidence: The bonobo, also historically called the pygmy chimpanzee and less often the dwarf chimpanzee or gracile chimpanzee, is an endangered great ape and one of the two species making up the genus Pan, the other being the common chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). While bonobos are now recognized as a distinct species in their own right, they were initially thought to be a subspecies of chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) due to the physical similarities between the two species. Taxonomically, the members of the chimpanzee/bonobo subtribe Panina (composed entirely by the genus Pan) are collectively termed panins.

The bonobo is distinguished by relatively long legs, pink lips, dark face, tail-tuft through adulthood, and parted long hair on its head. It is found in a 500,000 km2 (190,000 sq mi) area of the Congo Basin in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Central Africa. The species is frugivorous and inhabits primary and secondary forests, including seasonally inundated swamp forests. Because of political instability in the region and the timidity of bonobos, there has been relatively little field work done observing the species in its natural habitat.

Along with the common chimpanzee, the bonobo is the closest extant relative to humans. As the two species are not proficient swimmers, the formation of the Congo River 1.5–2 million years ago possibly led to the speciation of the bonobo. Bonobos live south of the river, and thereby were separated from the ancestors of the common chimpanzee, which live north of the river. There are no concrete data on population numbers, but the estimate is between 29,500 and 50,000 individuals. The species is listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List and is threatened by habitat destruction and human population growth and movement, though commercial poaching is the most prominent threat. Bonobos typically live 40 years in captivity; their lifespan in the wild is unknown, but it is almost certainly much shorter.
Answer: Wild bonobos inhabit forests and swamps within a 500,000 km2 region of the Congo Basin in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Question: What event triggered the start of WWI?
Answer: WWI began with the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand