DataHammer/scimrc huggingface dataset:
Question: What foods does a tortoise eat?
Answer: Tortoises eat a range of fruit and vegetables although the mainstay of a tortoise’s diet should be green leafy vegetables such as dandelions, clover, lettuce, vetch and kale. Your tortoise will enjoy sweet fruits such as bananas, strawberries, peaches and apples but these should be given no more than twice a week as the sugar can interfere with their digestive system. They can also become addicted to sweet fruits and you will find they might refuse to eat their healthy greens in favour of something sweet. 

Tortoises should eat a daily portion of food that is equivalent to their shell size. Ideally, they should also have 1 - 2 days a week when they don’t eat. This is because they have slow digestive systems and need a clear day or two for their systems to catch up. 

You should give your tortoise a weekly supplement of calcium and D3. Use one specifically formulated for reptiles and simply sprinkle it onto a favourite food. Finally, always ensure your tortoise has access to fresh water by providing them with a bowl that they can climb into. They will drink by dipping their head under the water.
Question: List all the planets in our solar system with more than one moon.
Answer: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune all have more than one moon.
Question: What is 24 Hours of Lemons
Answer: 24 Hours of Lemons is a series of endurance races for amateur car racing enthusiasts.  The name is derived from a light hearted play on the famous professional race "24 hours of Le Mans" twisting the last word into 'Lemons'; indicating that the car used in the race should be of very low value.  The Lemons races are legitimate paved-road racing experiences with a grass-roots feel and a lot of humor mixed in as racing teams often adopt amusing themes.
Question: Tell me whether these are countries or cities: Sweden, Bangalore, Panama, Pakistan, Lebanon, Los Angeles
Answer: The following are countries:
Sweden is a country in Europe, 
Pakistan is a country in South Asia and 
Panama is a country in Central America.

The following are cities:
Bangalore is a city in the southern region of India
Los Angeles is a city in the south wested part of the United States of America.

Lebanon can refer to both a country and a city. 
The country of Lebanon is situated in the Middle East, while the city of Lebanon is located in the state of New Hampshire in the United States of America.
Question: How do you install tubeless tires on a bicycle?
Answer: Tubeless tire installs require some setup. It's best to have experience with bicycle tires, and in particular, the use of tire levers to remove and install tires. Make sure your tires and rims are tubeless ready. If the manufacturer also provides a tubeless tape, use that, or use a generic brand. You'll also need sealant and a tubeless stem. The stem might require a tool to unscrew the nozzle for adding sealant. You'll also need a large syringe if you plan on using the stem to add sealant. You'll want a electronic pump, or a manual pump with a reservoir.

I have found that larger tires are easier to install as tubeless but road tires can also be tubeless. The first step is to clean the rim and install tubeless tape around the rim. This should seal the rim component. You'll need to punch a hole for the stem and insert the stem. Next you'll need to lever the tire onto the rim, first one side, then both. If you don't have a syringe, you can add some sealant at this step before fully installing the tire. For road tires, I've found this method prone to spilling.

Next, remove the core / nozzle from the tire stem and hook the stem up to your pump. You want to inject air into the tire quickly and at high pressure to "set" the beads of the tire against the rim. This should result in a popping sound. When you remove the pump, the tire will deflate since you removed the core. If you haven't already, add sealant at this step using a syringe, then reinstall the core and pump up the tire. I usually rotate the tire a bit, then flip it periodically while testing if it holds air. If it does you are done. Happy riding!
Question: Which of the following words starts with the letter S: Snake, Towel, Table, Shower, Yam, Butterfly, Apple
Answer: Snake, Shower
Question: 3 Best TV series in the World
Answer: 1. Dexter
2. Breaking Bad
3. Prison Break
Question: How does the author address the problem that different policies can lead to different variations of dialog boxes?
Evidence: Offline evaluation of interactive dialogs on real data is difficult because different policies can lead to different variants of the dialog. Our solution to this issue is to collect data in a way that allows us to simulate all dialog variants possible according to any policy.
The dialog variants we are considering for interactive learning differ only in presence of several parts of the dialog. Therefore, we can collect dialogs containing all information used for interactive learning and omit those parts that were not requested by the policy.
We collected the dataset (see Section "Dataset Collection Process" ) that enables simulation where the policy can decide how much extra information to the question it requests. If the question is clear to the system it can attempt to answer the question without any other information. It can also ask for a broader explanation with a possibility to answer the question afterwards. If the system decides not to answer the question, we can simulate rerouting the question to another user, to try to obtain the answer from them. The principle of simulated user's answer is shown in the Figure 1 .
Note that the simulated user’s answer can be incorrect because human users naturally made mistakes. We intentionally keep these mistakes in the dataset because real systems must address them as well.
Our solution to this issue is to collect data in a way that allows us to simulate all dialog variants possible according to any policy.
Answer: Their solution to this issue is to collect data in a way that allows them to simulate all dialog variants possible according to any policy.
Question: Who was the best player in Denver Broncos franchise history?
Answer: John Elway is considered the best player in Denver Broncos history.  He led the team to five Super Bowls, winning two of them.  Elway had great talent as a passer, but would also use his legs to help the team win.  In fact, Elway is the only player to compile 50,000 yards passing and 3,000 rushing.  His most memorable play was the "helicopter' first down in Super Bowl XXXII.
Question: I would like to build an investment portfolio with a balance of short term and longer term investments. For short term I would like a return on investment within two years. Please tell me which of these investments fall into the short-term bucket and which are longer-term:  10 year Treasury Bonds, Growth Stocks, Bitcoin, Index Funds, Precious Metals, High-yield Savings Accounts, 1-2 year Treasury Bonds, Real Estate.
Answer: Short term investment bucket: High-yield savings accounts, 1-2 year Treasury Bonds.
Longer term investment bucket: Longer-term investment: Growth stocks, Index Funds, Real Estate, Precious Metals, Bitcoin, 10 year Treasury bonds.

Note: This classification is for informational purposes only and is not financial advice. Please consult a financial advisor.
Question: What ability does the iterative, semi-supervised approach proposed by the authors have?
Evidence: With the advent of social media platforms, increasing user base address their grievances over these platforms, in the form of complaints. According to BIBREF0, complaint is considered to be a basic speech act used to express negative mismatch between the expectation and reality. Transportation and its related logistics industries are the backbones of every economy. Many transport organizations rely on complaints gathered via these platforms to improve their services, hence understanding these are important for: (1) linguists to identify human expressions of criticism and (2) organizations to improve their query response time and address concerns effectively.
Presence of inevitable noise, sparse content along with rephrased and structurally morphed instances of posts, make the task at hand difficult BIBREF1. Previous works BIBREF2 in the domain of complaint extraction have focused on static datasets only. These are not robust to changes in the trends reflected, information flow and linguistic variations. We propose an iterative, semi-supervised approach for identification of complaint based tweets, having the ability to be replicated for stream of information flow. The preference of a semi-supervised approach over supervised ones is due to the stated reasons: (a) the task of isolating the training set, make supervised tasks less attractive and impractical and (b) imbalance between the subjective and objective classes lead to poor performance.
We propose an iterative, semi-supervised approach for identification of complaint based tweets, having the ability to be replicated for “stream of information flow”.
Answer: The approach has the ability to be replicated for “stream of information flow”.
Question: Jing is a 46-year-old male. He is an insurance executive who is married with two children. Jing is active in his church and plays golf on the weekends. He went to see his cardiologist because he experienced recent fatigue with chest pain on exertion. He has never smoked but he consumes 1 to 2 alcoholic drinks per day. His medical history reveals a blood cholesterol level of 260 mg%, a triglyceride level of 198 mg% and an HDL-C value of 43 mg%.    After studying a 12-lead ECG tracing of Jing's heart, it is clear that his heart is ischemic. Suggest some follow-up screening tests and recommended interventions.
Answer: There are lots of options for follow-up screening tests. For example, we can perform an echocardiogram with a color Doppler, where we can evaluate blood flow through the heart and create a picture of the heart and its moving valves. We can do a myocardial perfusion scan, which also evaluates blood flow in the heart. There’s also a procedure called electron-beam computed tomography (EBCT) which can detect calcium deposits in arteries. There’s also computed tomography angiography which reveals plaque or calcium deposits. We can perform a coronary MRI or MRA, which uses magnetic fields to detect valve problems, heart enlargement, vessel disease, damaged heart tissue, etc. Finally, we can also perform a coronary angiogram, which is invasive, but is the “gold standard” for diagnosing CAD. There are interventions available to Jing, which range from less invasive/intense to most intense. He can do daily things like reduce his high alcohol consumption, eat a heart-healthier and less inflammatory diet to help his cholesterol and triglyceride levels. There are also some medications to treat myocardial ischemia such as a daily aspirin, nitrates, beta blockers, cholesterol-lowering medications, etc. If his situation is very serious/deteriorates, he can consider angioplasty/stenting, or even coronary artery bypass surgery. These interventions are listed in order of least to most aggressive.
Question: Which tasks do they apply their method to?
Evidence: In this section, we will show that our defined similarity quantification could help Open IE by identifying redundant relations. To be specific, we set a toy experiment to remove redundant relations in KBs for a preliminary comparison (sec:toy-experiment). Then, we evaluate our model and baselines on the real-world dataset extracted by Open IE methods (sec:real-experiment). Considering the existing evaluation metric for Open IE and Open RE rely on either labor-intensive annotations or distantly supervised annotations, we propose a metric approximating recall and precision evaluation based on operable human annotations for balancing both efficiency and accuracy.
FLOAT SELECTED: Figure 3: Precision-recall curve on Open IE task comparing our similarity function with vector-based and angle-based similarity. Error bar represents 95% confidential interval. Bootstraping is used to calculate the confidential interval.
In this section, we consider two kinds of relational classification tasks: (1) relation prediction and (2) relation extraction. Relation prediction aims at predicting the relationship between entities with a given set of triples as training data; while relation extraction aims at extracting the relationship between two entities in a sentence.
In this section, we will show that our defined similarity quantification could help Open IE by identifying redundant relations.
FLOAT SELECTED: Figure 3: Precision-recall curve on Open IE task comparing our similarity function with vector-based and angle-based similarity. Error bar represents 95% confidential interval. Bootstraping is used to calculate the confidential interval.
In this section, we consider two kinds of relational classification tasks: (1) relation prediction and (2) relation extraction. 
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* relation prediction
* relation extraction
* Open IE
Question: What is a kidney transplant?
Answer: A kidney transplant is a medical procedure during which a healthy kidney is removed from either a living or deceased donor and given to a patient without a any healthy kidneys.
Question: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Teponaztli, Tricordia
Answer: Tricordia is string, Teponaztli is percussion.
Question: What are the 5 best ways to control cortisol
Answer: Listening to binaural sound with headphones, meditating for at least 5 minutes a day, reading a book that has relaxing content for at least 30 minutes a day, taking in sunlight at dawn or dusk for at least 10 minutes a day, walking daily for at least 30 minutes a day
Question: What Is a Request for Quote (RFQ)?
Answer: A request for quote (RFQ) is a structured acquisition process in which a company or Govt. Agency solicits select suppliers and contractors to submit price quotes and bids for the chance to fulfill specific tasks or projects. The RFQ process is especially important to businesses or government agencies that need a consistent supply of a specific number of standard products. Companies may send RFQs alone or before a request for proposal (RFP).
Question: What are the official official forms of written Norwegian?
Evidence: As established by law and government policy, the two official forms of written Norwegian are Bokmål (literally 'book tongue') and Nynorsk ('new Norwegian'). The official Norwegian Language Council (Språkrådet) is responsible for regulating the two forms, and recommends the terms Norwegian Bokmål and Norwegian Nynorsk in English.[citation needed] Two other written forms without official status also exist. One, called Riksmål ('national language'), is today to a large extent the same language as Bokmål though somewhat closer to the Danish language. It is regulated by the unofficial Norwegian Academy, which translates the name as 'Standard Norwegian'. The other is Høgnorsk ('High Norwegian'), a more purist form of Nynorsk, which maintains the language in an original form as given by Ivar Aasen and rejects most of the reforms from the 20th century; this form has limited use.
Answer: - Bokmål
- Nynorsk
Question: What is a beard?
Answer: A beard is a facial hair style that grows under the nose and on the cheeks as well as on and under the chin.
Question: Whether all training data match the target domain?
Evidence: The automatic correction of errors in text [In a such situaction INLINEFORM0 In such a situation] is receiving more and more attention from the natural language processing community. A series of competitions has been devoted to grammatical error correction (GEC): the CoNLL-2013 shared task BIBREF0 , the CoNLL-2014 shared task BIBREF1 , and finally the BEA 2019 shared task BIBREF2 . This paper presents the contributions from the Cambridge University Engineering Department to the latest GEC competition at the BEA 2019 workshop.
We submitted systems to two different tracks. The low-resource track did not permit the use of parallel training data except a small development set with around 4K sentence pairs. For our low-resource system we extended our prior work on finite state transducer based GEC BIBREF3 to handle new error types such as punctuation errors as well as insertions and deletions of a small number of frequent words. For the restricted track, the organizers provided 1.2M pairs (560K without identity mappings) of corrected and uncorrected sentences. Our goal on the restricted track was to explore the potential of purely neural models for grammatical error correction. We confirm the results of BIBREF4 and report substantial gains by applying back-translation BIBREF5 to GEC – a data augmentation technique common in machine translation. Furthermore, we noticed that large parts of the training data do not match the target domain. We mitigated the domain gap by over-sampling the in-domain training corpus, and by fine-tuning through continued training. Our final model is an ensemble of four neural machine translation (NMT) models and two neural language models (LMs) with Transformer architecture BIBREF6 . Our purely neural system was also part of the joint submission with the Cambridge University Computer Lab described by BIBREF7 .
Furthermore, we noticed that large parts of the training data do not match the target domain.
Answer: No.
Question: What metric do they use in experiments?
Evidence: We experimented with a dataset of 16K annotated tweets made available by the authors of BIBREF0 . Of the 16K tweets, 3383 are labeled as sexist, 1972 as racist, and the remaining are marked as neither sexist nor racist. For the embedding based methods, we used the GloVe BIBREF5 pre-trained word embeddings. GloVe embeddings have been trained on a large tweet corpus (2B tweets, 27B tokens, 1.2M vocab, uncased). We experimented with multiple word embedding sizes for our task. We observed similar results with different sizes, and hence due to lack of space we report results using embedding size=200. We performed 10-Fold Cross Validation and calculated weighted macro precision, recall and F1-scores.
We use `adam' for CNN and LSTM, and `RMS-Prop' for FastText as our optimizer. We perform training in batches of size 128 for CNN & LSTM and 64 for FastText. More details on the experimental setup can be found from our publicly available source code.
We performed 10-Fold Cross Validation and calculated weighted macro precision, recall and F1-scores.
Answer: weighted macro precision, recall and F1.
Question: What is Sunset?
Evidence: Sunset, also known as sundown, is the daily disappearance of the Sun below the horizon due to Earth's rotation. As viewed from everywhere on Earth (except the North and South poles), the equinox Sun sets due west at the moment of both the spring and autumn equinoxes. As viewed from the Northern Hemisphere, the Sun sets to the northwest (or not at all) in the spring and summer, and to the southwest in the autumn and winter; these seasons are reversed for the Southern Hemisphere.
The time of sunset is defined in astronomy as the moment when the upper limb of the Sun disappears below the horizon. Near the horizon, atmospheric refraction causes sunlight rays to be distorted to such an extent that geometrically the solar disk is already about one diameter below the horizon when a sunset is observed.
Sunset is distinct from twilight, which is divided into three stages. The first one is civil twilight, which begins once the Sun has disappeared below the horizon, and continues until it descends to 6 degrees below the horizon. The second phase is nautical twilight, between 6 and 12 degrees below the horizon. The third phase is astronomical twilight, which is the period when the Sun is between 12 and 18 degrees below the horizon. Dusk is at the very end of astronomical twilight, and is the darkest moment of twilight just before night. Finally, night occurs when the Sun reaches 18 degrees below the horizon and no longer illuminates the sky.
Locations further north than the Arctic Circle and further south than the Antarctic Circle experience no full sunset or sunrise on at least one day of the year, when the polar day or the polar night persists continuously for 24 hours.
Answer: Sunset is the daily disappearance of the Sun below the horizon due to Earth's rotation.
Question: What is alkaline ionized water is it good for me?
Answer: Alkaline ionized water can be created in a number of ways.  Alkaline water ionizers make water alkaline through a process called electrolysis.  Electrolysis separates water into two streams of water - alkaline and acidic water using electricity flowing through an electrode plate in the machine.  Some of the properties of alkaline ionized water is that it had molecular hydrogen, and it is also alkaline.  Molecular hydrogen is a good anti-inflammatory for the body, and it should be consumed daily if possible.  Alkaline water ionizers also make the water alkaline without the use of chemicals in the water like baking soda.
Question: Do they annotate their own dataset or use an existing one?
Evidence: For our experiments, we select a dataset whose utterances have been correctly synchronised at recording time. This allows us to control how the model is trained and verify its performance using ground truth synchronisation offsets. We use UltraSuite: a repository of ultrasound and acoustic data gathered from child speech therapy sessions BIBREF15 . We used all three datasets from the repository: UXTD (recorded with typically developing children), and UXSSD and UPX (recorded with children with speech sound disorders). In total, the dataset contains 13,815 spoken utterances from 86 speakers, corresponding to 35.9 hours of recordings. The utterances have been categorised by the type of task the child was given, and are labelled as: Words (A), Non-words (B), Sentence (C), Articulatory (D), Non-speech (E), or Conversations (F). See BIBREF15 for details.
We use UltraSuite: a repository of ultrasound and acoustic data gathered from child speech therapy sessions BIBREF15 . We used all three datasets from the repository: UXTD (recorded with typically developing children), and UXSSD and UPX (recorded with children with speech sound disorders). In total, the dataset contains 13,815 spoken utterances from 86 speakers, corresponding to 35.9 hours of recordings. The utterances have been categorised by the type of task the child was given, and are labelled as: Words (A), Non-words (B), Sentence (C), Articulatory (D), Non-speech (E), or Conversations (F). 
Answer: Use an existing one
Question: What is COBOL used for?
Answer: COBOL was designed for business computer programs in industries such as finance and human resources. Unlike some high-level computer programming languages, COBOL uses English words and phrases to make it easier for ordinary business users to understand.
Question: By how much do they outperform basic greedy and cross-entropy beam decoding?
Evidence: For supertagging, we observe that the baseline cross entropy trained model improves its predictions with beam search decoding compared to greedy decoding by 2 accuracy points, which suggests that beam search is already helpful for this task, even without search-aware training. Both the optimization schemes proposed in this paper improve upon the baseline with soft direct loss optimization ( INLINEFORM0 ), performing better than the approximate max-margin approach.
For supertagging, we observe that the baseline cross entropy trained model improves its predictions with beam search decoding compared to greedy decoding by 2 accuracy points, which suggests that beam search is already helpful for this task, even without search-aware training.
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* 2 accuracy points
Question: Would you rather be stuck on a broken ski lift or a broken elevator?
Answer: While both are not ideal situations, at least with the ski lift, you get to have a view and fresh air. It’s also important in terms of communication, if you are stuck in an elevator during a black-out , it might be challenging to communicate before help can arrive. This is important if you are claustrophobic.