DataHammer/scimrc huggingface dataset:
Question: What's the size of the previous largest OpenIE dataset?
Evidence: Prior to the SAOKE data set, an annotated data set for OIE tasks with 3,200 sentences in 2 domains was released in BIBREF20 to evaluate OIE algorithms, in which the data set was said BIBREF20 “13 times larger than the previous largest annotated Open IE corpus”. The SAOKE data set is 16 times larger than the data set in BIBREF20 . To the best of our knowledge, SAOKE data set is the largest publicly available human labeled data set for OIE tasks. Furthermore, the data set released in BIBREF20 was generated from a QA-SRL data set BIBREF21 , which indicates that the data set only contains facts that can be discovered by SRL (Semantic Role Labeling) algorithms, and thus is biased, whereas the SAOKE data set is not biased to an algorithm. Finally, the SAOKE data set contains sentences and facts from a large number of domains.
Prior to the SAOKE data set, an annotated data set for OIE tasks with 3,200 sentences in 2 domains was released in BIBREF20 to evaluate OIE algorithms, in which the data set was said BIBREF20 “13 times larger than the previous largest annotated Open IE corpus”.
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* 3,200 sentences
Question: Why do people love the FIFA world cup?
Answer: The FIFA world cup is loved by all because it is the one sporting event that brings national communities to rally around a common sport.  Futbol (football) or soccer as it is known in the United States has a way to unite and nations and cheer for their favorite national team.  It is arguably the one sport that has an equal playing field.  All one needs is a ball and players for any to play.
Question: What stroller should I buy for my newborn baby?
Answer: The stroller that's the best fit for you depends on what characteristics you value. Example characteristics can be: affordability, ease of pushing and steering, ease of folding, ability to grow with your family, aesthetics, weight, and availability of high-end features like a bassinet attachment or large storage basket.

If you care about affordability, ease of folding, and ease of pushing and steering, the Baby Jogger City Mini GT2 stroller is a great option. If you care about the ability of the stroller to growth with your family, ease of pushing and steering, and high-end features, the Uppababy Vista V2 stroller is another popular option. If you have twins, the Bugaboo Donkey 5 stroller could be a great fit with its side-by-side double configuration.
Question: What are Singapore main geographical points according to this text? Bullet point please.
Evidence: Singapore consists of 63 islands, including the main island, Pulau Ujong. There are two man-made connections to Johor, Malaysia: the Johor–Singapore Causeway in the north and the Tuas Second Link in the west. Jurong Island, Pulau Tekong, Pulau Ubin and Sentosa are the largest of Singapore's smaller islands. The highest natural point is Bukit Timah Hill at 163.63 m (537 ft). Under British rule, Christmas Island and the Cocos Islands were part of Singapore, and both were transferred to Australia in 1957. Pedra Branca is the nation's easternmost point.

Land reclamation projects have increased Singapore's land area from 580 km2 (220 sq mi) in the 1960s to 710 km2 (270 sq mi) by 2015, an increase of some 22% (130 km2). The country is projected to reclaim another 56 km2 (20 sq mi). Some projects involve merging smaller islands through land reclamation to form larger, more functional and habitable islands, as has been done with Jurong Island. The type of sand used in reclamation is found in rivers and beaches, rather than deserts, and is in great demand worldwide. In 2010 Singapore imported almost 15 million tons of sand for its projects, the demand being such that Indonesia, Malaysia, and Vietnam have all restricted or barred the export of sand to Singapore in recent years. As a result, in 2016 Singapore switched to using polders for reclamation, in which an area is enclosed and then pumped dry.
Answer: Signapore has today:
- Land area of 710 km2 (270 sq miles) and is working towards reclaiming more using sand imports.
- 63 islands, with the main island and Jurong Island, Pulau Tekong, Pulau Ubin and Sentosa, and many smaller ones.
- The highest spot of Singapore is the Bukit Timah Hill at 163.63 meter (537 feet).
Question: Whos is Charles Awotwi Pratt?
Evidence: Charles Awotwi Pratt was a Ghanaian theologian and priest. He served as the fourth chairman of the Methodist Church Ghana from 1977 to 1981. He was the father of the Titus Awotwi Pratt, the Presiding Bishop of the Methodist Church Ghana from 2014 to 2018.
Answer: Charles Awotwi Pratt was a Ghaniaian Theologian and priest. He served as the forth chairman of the Methodist Church Ghana from 1977 to 1981.
Question: What approaches without reinforcement learning have been tried?
Evidence: We conducted cross-validation experiments using various values of $t$ and $m$. Table TABREF26 shows the results for the best values of $t$ and $m$ obtained. The regressor and classifier used Support Vector Regression (SVR) and Support Vector Classification (SVC) respectively. To enable a fair comparison we used the same input features in all systems. These input features combine information from the question and the input sentence and are shown in Fig. FIGREF16. The features are based on BIBREF12, and are the same as in BIBREF1, plus the addition of the position of the input snippet. The best SVC and SVR parameters were determined by grid search.
Based on the findings of Section SECREF3, we apply minimal changes to the deep learning regression models of BIBREF2 to convert them to classification models. In particular, we add a sigmoid activation to the final layer, and use cross-entropy as the loss function. The complete architecture is shown in Fig. FIGREF28.
The regressor and classifier used Support Vector Regression (SVR) and Support Vector Classification (SVC) respectively.
Based on the findings of Section SECREF3, we apply minimal changes to the deep learning regression models of BIBREF2 to convert them to classification models.
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
*  Support Vector Regression (SVR) and Support Vector Classification (SVC)
* deep learning regression models of BIBREF2 to convert them to classification models
Question: What are the baseline models?
Evidence: We compared our proposed approaches to a standard CNN that exploits a single set of word embeddings BIBREF3 . We also compared to a baseline of simply concatenating embeddings for each word to form long vector inputs. We refer to this as Concatenation-CNN C-CNN. For all multiple embedding approaches (C-CNN, MG-CNN and MGNC-CNN), we explored two combined sets of embedding: word2vec+Glove, and word2vec+syntactic, and one three sets of embedding: word2vec+Glove+syntactic. For all models, we tuned the l2 norm constraint INLINEFORM0 over the range INLINEFORM1 on a validation set. For instantiations of MGNC-CNN in which we exploited two embeddings, we tuned both INLINEFORM2 , and INLINEFORM3 ; where we used three embedding sets, we tuned INLINEFORM4 and INLINEFORM5 .
FLOAT SELECTED: Table 1: Results mean (min, max) achieved with each method. w2v:word2vec. Glv:GloVe. Syn: Syntactic embedding. Note that we experiment with using two and three sets of embeddings jointly, e.g., w2v+Syn+Glv indicates that we use all three of these.
We compared our proposed approaches to a standard CNN that exploits a single set of word embeddings BIBREF3 . We also compared to a baseline of simply concatenating embeddings for each word to form long vector inputs. We refer to this as Concatenation-CNN C-CNN. For all multiple embedding approaches (C-CNN, MG-CNN and MGNC-CNN), we explored two combined sets of embedding: word2vec+Glove, and word2vec+syntactic, and one three sets of embedding: word2vec+Glove+syntactic. For all models, we tuned the l2 norm constraint INLINEFORM0 over the range INLINEFORM1 on a validation set. For instantiations of MGNC-CNN in which we exploited two embeddings, we tuned both INLINEFORM2 , and INLINEFORM3 ; where we used three embedding sets, we tuned INLINEFORM4 and INLINEFORM5 .
FLOAT SELECTED: Table 1: Results mean (min, max) achieved with each method. w2v:word2vec. Glv:GloVe. Syn: Syntactic embedding. Note that we experiment with using two and three sets of embeddings jointly, e.g., w2v+Syn+Glv indicates that we use all three of these.
Answer: MC-CNN
MVCNN
CNN
Question: Who is the main cast in Seinfeld TV show?
Evidence: Seinfeld (/ˈsaɪnfɛld/ SYNE-feld) is an American television sitcom created by Larry David and Jerry Seinfeld. It aired on NBC from July 5, 1989, to May 14, 1998, over nine seasons and 180 episodes. It stars Seinfeld as a fictionalized version of himself and focuses on his personal life with three of his friends: best friend George Costanza (Jason Alexander), former girlfriend Elaine Benes (Julia Louis-Dreyfus) and his neighbor from across the hall, Cosmo Kramer (Michael Richards). It is set mostly in an apartment building in Manhattan's Upper West Side in New York City. It has been described as "a show about nothing", often focusing on the minutiae of daily life. Interspersed in earlier episodes are moments of stand-up comedy from the fictional Jerry Seinfeld, frequently using the episode's events for material.
Answer: Jerry Seinfeld
Jason Alexander
Julia Louis-Dreyfus
Michael Richards
Question: What do the authors build in order to incorporate the annotated NE labels to predict the exact worker?
Evidence: In order to incorporate the annotated NE labels to predict the exact worker, we build another bi-directional LSTM (named by label Bi-LSTM) based on the crowd-annotated NE label sequence. This Bi-LSTM is used for worker discriminator only. During the decoding of the testing phase, we will never have this Bi-LSTM, because the worker discriminator is no longer required.
Assuming the crowd-annotated NE label sequence annotated by one worker is $\mathbf {\bar{y}} = \bar{y}_1\bar{y}_2 \cdots \bar{y}_n$ , we exploit a looking-up table $\mathbf {E}^{L}$ to obtain the corresponding sequence of their vector representations $\mathbf {x^{\prime }}_1\mathbf {x^{\prime }}_2\cdots \mathbf {x^{\prime }}_n$ , similar to the method that maps characters into their neural representations. Concretely, for one NE label $\bar{y}_t$ ( $t \in [1, n]$ ), we obtain its neural vector by: $\mathbf {x^{\prime }}_t = \text{look-up}(\bar{y}_t, \mathbf {E}^L)$ .
Next step we apply bi-directional LSTM over the sequence $\mathbf {x^{\prime }}_1\mathbf {x^{\prime }}_2\cdots \mathbf {x^{\prime }}_n$ , which can be formalized as: 
$$\mathbf {h}_1^{\text{label}} \mathbf {h}_2^{\text{label}} \cdots \mathbf {h}_n^{\text{label}} = \text{Bi-LSTM}(\mathbf {x^{\prime }}_1\mathbf {x^{\prime }}_2\cdots \mathbf {x^{\prime }}_n).$$   (Eq. 16) 
The resulting feature sequence is concatenated with the outputs of the common Bi-LSTM, and further be used for worker classification.
In order to incorporate the annotated NE labels to predict the exact worker, we build another bi-directional LSTM (named by label Bi-LSTM) based on the crowd-annotated NE label sequence.
Answer: The authors build another bi-directional LSTM (named by label Bi-LSTM) based on the crowd-annotated NE label sequence.
Question: What elements of natural language processing are proposed to analyze qualitative data?
Evidence: The UCL team had access to micro-narratives, as well as context specific meta-data such as demographic information and project details. For a cross-national comparison for policy-makers, the team translated the responses in multiple languages into English using machine translation, in this case Translate API (Yandex Technologies). As a pre-processing step, words without functional meaning (e.g. `I'), rare words that occurred in only one narrative, numbers, and punctuation were all removed. The remaining words were stemmed to remove plural forms of nouns or conjugations of verbs.
The UCL team had access to micro-narratives, as well as context specific meta-data such as demographic information and project details. For a cross-national comparison for policy-makers, the team translated the responses in multiple languages into English using machine translation, in this case Translate API (Yandex Technologies). As a pre-processing step, words without functional meaning (e.g. `I'), rare words that occurred in only one narrative, numbers, and punctuation were all removed. The remaining words were stemmed to remove plural forms of nouns or conjugations of verbs.
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* translated the responses in multiple languages into English using machine translation
* words without functional meaning (e.g. `I'), rare words that occurred in only one narrative, numbers, and punctuation were all removed
* remaining words were stemmed to remove plural forms of nouns or conjugations of verbs
Question: Which of these words are homonyms (words that have two meanings): cleave, cotton, red, hungry
Answer: yes, yes, no, no
Question: What would make my tzatziki sauce truly exceptional?
Answer: Tzatziki is a traditional Greek sauce whose base ingredients comprise salted strained yoghurt, garlic, grated cucumber, dill leaves, and olive oil.
To make your tzatziki truly exceptional follow the steps below:
1) Start by squeezing as much as possible the water out of half a cucumber that has been grated. This is the single most important factor that will make your tzatziki source exceptional.
2) Fine-chop the dill leaves using a knife. The dill must be fresh. The volume of the chopped dill leaves should be about the same as the volume of the squeezed grated cucumber.
3) Mix the cucumber and the dill with Greek strained yoghurt . The latter should have a volume that is three to four times that of the cucumber and dill.
4) Add some salt and smashed cloves of fresh garlic.
5) Add a couple of teaspoons of balsamic vinegar.
6) While stirring the mix, gradually keep adding extra virgin olive oil until the sauce obtains a silky texture.
7) Do not add any other ingredients in the mix.
8) Place the mix in the fridge and keep it for a couple of hours and let chemistry do its magic.
9) Remove the residual water, if any, which may have surfaced.
10) Stir the mix once more final time and serve in smaller containers.
Question: What is software craftsmanship
Answer: Software craftsmanship is an art of writing good code which is easier to understand, maintain and is of good quality. This practice includes many things like writing modular code, unit and integration testing of code, commenting and proper formatting of code and continuous integration & continuous deployment of code etc. All these best practices make the software less bug prone, of high quality, easier to deploy, learn and maintain over time.
Question: Classify these various instruments as either percussion or woodwind instruments: flute, clarinet, drum, bassoon, marimba, cymbal
Answer: The drum, marimba and cymbal are percussion instruments. The flute, clarinet, and bassoon are woodwind instruments.
Question: What are the only two countries in South America that do not touch Brazil?
Answer: Chile and Ecuador.
Question: What do you love most about spring?
Answer: I love the weather in spring and how the sun shines brighter. The warmth feels so good after you’ve had a cold winter. I love to see the flowers blooming and to feel the crisp morning air. Spring is a special time and makes you know that summer is near.
Question: What is the difference between their, there, and they're?
Answer: Their, there, and they're are homophones.  Homophones are words that sound similar but have different meanings and spellings.  Their is a possessive pronoun, as in "their bicycle is green".  They're is a contraction of "they are", as in "they're going to the game tomorrow".  There is an adjective, as in "she is always there for her friends".  There can also be used as a noun, as in "stay out of there", or as an adverb, as in "stop over there".
Question: What are some items I should stock up on from the grocery store to have in my pantry
Answer: canned beans, rice, shelf-stable plant-based milk, crackers, salsa, pasta, pasta sauce, oatmeal, pretzels, maple syrup, noodles, canned tomatoes, tortilla chips, tea, almond butter, walnuts, balsamic vinegar, tahini, dark chocolate, grits, dried cranberries, pistachios
Question: How can technology be used to address challenges in the healthcare industry?
Answer: Current challenges in the healthcare industry can be summarized as a supply and demand mismatch. The current demand for healthcare services outpaces the available supply of care delivery capacity. Demand continues to grow due to aging populations and increasing prevalence of expensive chronic diseases. Supply is constrained due to labor shortages and limited care infrastructure. Many see technology as a force multiplier that will allow health systems to achieve more with the same or even fewer resources. Technology can allow for more efficient allocation of resources, more scalable models of care, and better data and analytics.
Question: Name three poems by William Wordsworth.
Answer: Tintern Abbey, I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud, and the Solitary Reaper
Question: List the agricultural reasons why sheep were domesticated
Evidence: Sheep are most likely descended from the wild mouflon of Europe and Asia, with Iran being a geographic envelope of the domestication center. One of the earliest animals to be domesticated for agricultural purposes, sheep are raised for fleeces, meat (lamb, hogget or mutton) and milk. A sheep's wool is the most widely used animal fiber, and is usually harvested by shearing. In Commonwealth countries, ovine meat is called lamb when from younger animals and mutton when from older ones; in the United States, meat from both older and younger animals is usually called lamb. Sheep continue to be important for wool and meat today, and are also occasionally raised for pelts, as dairy animals, or as model organisms for science.
Answer: Here is a list of the agricultural reasons why sheep were domesticated:

* Fleeces - A sheep's wool is the most widely used animal fiber and is usually harvested by shearing
* Meat - Sheep are domesticated for their meet in Commonwealth countries (called lamb when from younger animals and mutton when from older ones) and in the United States (meat from both older and younger animals is usually called lamb)
* Milk - Sheep are occasionally raised as dairy animals
Question: What are the lightweight weight requirements at the collegiate level in the United States?
Evidence: At the collegiate level in the United States, the lightweight weight requirements can be different depending on competitive season. For fall regattas (typically head races), the lightweight cutoff for men is 165.0 lb. and 135.0 lb. for women. In the spring season (typically sprint races), the lightweight cutoff for men is 160.0 lb., with a boat average of 155.0 lb. for the crew; for women, the lightweight cutoff is 130.0 lb.
Answer: In the United States, the lightweight weight requirements differ based on the season. In the spring season, the lightweight cutoff for men is 160 pounds with a boat average of 155 pounds. The lightweight cutoff for women is 130 pounds.
Question: Do they test performance of their approaches using human judgements?
Evidence: For DQA four participants answered each question, therefore we took the average INLINEFORM0 , INLINEFORM1 , and INLINEFORM2 values over the four evaluators as the result per question. The detailed answers by the participants and available online.
To assess the correctness of the answers given both by participants in the DQA experiments, and by the QALD system, we use the classic information retrieval metrics of precision (P), recall (R), and F1. INLINEFORM0 measures the fraction of relevant (correct) answer (items) given versus all answers (answer items) given. INLINEFORM1 is the faction of correct answer (parts) given divided by all correct ones in the gold answer, and INLINEFORM2 is the harmonic mean of INLINEFORM3 and INLINEFORM4 . As an example, if the question is “Where was Albert Einstein born?” (gold answer: “Ulm”), and the system gives two answers “Ulm” and “Bern”, then INLINEFORM5 , INLINEFORM6 and INLINEFORM7 .
For DQA four participants answered each question, therefore we took the average INLINEFORM0 , INLINEFORM1 , and INLINEFORM2 values over the four evaluators as the result per question. The detailed answers by the participants and available online.
To assess the correctness of the answers given both by participants in the DQA experiments, and by the QALD system, we use the classic information retrieval metrics of precision (P), recall (R), and F1. INLINEFORM0 measures the fraction of relevant (correct) answer (items) given versus all answers (answer items) given.
Answer: Yes.
Question: Who is Asa Wood?
Evidence: Asa Butler Wood (August 26, 1865 - May 7, 1945) was an American politician and newspaper publisher, serving as a state senator in the U.S. state of Nebraska from 1924 to 1930. Born in Wapello County, Iowa. Wood entered the newspaper business as a printer in his teens In 1887, at the age of 21, he founded the Gering Courier, a newspaper he ran until his death in 1945. He was known as "the dean of the newspapermen of the Nebraska Panhandle,” and was at one time president of the Nebraska Press Association. He was also a breeder of cattle, and, like many publishers of that time, the local postmaster.

In 1925, he was elected state senator of Nebraska's Thirty-third District. He served as a Republican senator through 1930, and was known as an advocate of clean government and irrigation policy.

Described as a "walking encyclopedia" of western Nebraska history,he served as president of the Nebraska Historical Society from 1936 to 1938.

He left the Courier to his son, Warren Wood, on his death in 1945.
Answer: Born in Iowa, Asa Wood was a politician and newspaper publisher who later served as a state senator of Nebraska.
Question: Why are shiba inus the best dogs?
Answer: Shiba inus are the best dogs because they are intuitive, smart, independent, affectionate (at times) and easy to train.  They are also the perfect size (moderately compact) and weighs on average 20-25 lbs, making them small enough to carry but sturdy enough to hug.  This makes them great for smaller-sized homes or apartments.  They tend to also be quite friendly to other humans and pets, so it's easy to take them to dog parks, on hikes and to beaches without having to worry about aggression towards humans or other dogs.  

The most important reason -- shiba inus are just unbelievably cute -- they look like foxes, with their prick ears, lush curly tail and thick double coats.