DataHammer/scimrc huggingface dataset:
Question: What more research is needed in the future?
Evidence: In this paper, we propose a novel deep learning model for Thai sentence segmentation. This study makes three main contributions. The first contribution is to integrate a local representation based on n-gram embedding into our deep model. This approach helps to capture word groups near sentence boundaries, allowing the model to identify boundaries more accurately. Second, we integrate a distant representation obtained from self-attention modules to capture sentence contextual information. This approach allows the model to focus on the initial words of dependent clauses (i.e., ”Before”, ”If”, and ”Although”). The last contribution is an adaptation of CVT, which allows the model to utilize unlabeled data to produce effective local and distant representations.
The experiment was conducted on two Thai datasets, Orchid and UGWC, and one English punctuation restoration dataset, IWSLT. English punctuation restoration is similar to our Thai sentence segmentation. On the Thai sentence segmentation task, our model achieves F1 scores of 92.5% and 88.9% on the Orchid and UGWC datasets, constituting a relative error reduction of 7.4% and 10.5%, respectively. On the English punctuation task, the 2-class F1 score reached 82.7% when considering only two punctuation classes (making the task similar to sentence segmentation in Thai). Moreover, our model outperforms the model integrated with pretrained word vectors in terms of the overall F1 score on the IWSLT dataset. Based on our contributions, the local representation scheme has the highest impact on the Thai corpus, while the distant representation and CVT result in strong improvements on the English dataset.
Moreover, our model can also be applied to elementary discourse unit (EDU) segmentation, which is used as the minimal syntactic unit for downstream tasks such as text summarization and machine translation. However, no experiments have been conducted to determine how different sentences and EDUs affect downstream tasks. Therefore, the evaluation of downstream tasks from different sources needs to be studied.
However, no experiments have been conducted to determine how different sentences and EDUs affect downstream tasks. Therefore, the evaluation of downstream tasks from different sources needs to be studied.
Answer: The evaluation of downstream tasks from different sources needs to be studied.
Question: What is a whiteboard?
Evidence: A whiteboard (also known by the terms marker board, dry-erase board, dry-wipe board, and pen-board) is a glossy, usually white surface for making non-permanent markings. Whiteboards are analogous to blackboards, but with a smoother surface allowing for rapid marking and erasing of markings on their surface. The popularity of whiteboards increased rapidly in the mid-1990s and they have become a fixture in many offices, meeting rooms, school classrooms, public events and other work environments.

The term whiteboard is also used metaphorically in reference to features of computer software applications that simulate whiteboards. Such "virtual tech whiteboards" allow one or more people to write or draw images on a simulated canvas. This is a common feature of many virtual meeting, collaboration, and instant messaging applications. The term whiteboard is also used to refer to interactive whiteboards.
Answer: A whiteboard (also known by the terms marker board, dry-erase board, dry-wipe board, and pen-board) is a glossy, usually white surface for making non-permanent markings. Whiteboards are analogous to blackboards, but with a smoother surface allowing for rapid marking and erasing of markings on their surface.
Question: What is the biggest strength of Hong Kong journalists
Evidence: In the first video, Jiang lashed out at Hong Kong journalist Sharon Cheung in Zhongnanhai when he met with Chee-hwa Tung, Chief Executive of Hong Kong at that time. Ms. Cheung asked if Jiang supported Tung's campaign for Chief Executive, which Jiang affirmed. Cheung then asked if it meant the Chinese government had already decided internally to re-appoint Tung. This made Jiang very upset, and criticized her for twisting his words to "make big news." Jiang then continued to criticize the Hong Kong media on the whole, claiming that they need to learn to ask more meaningful questions, even stating that "Mike Wallace of the US is at a much higher level than you are", referring to a 2000 interview Jiang gave with 60 Minutes.
The second is the famous interview by American journalist Mike Wallace that Jiang referred to in the previous video. In this interview, Wallace and Jiang talked about many touchy subjects, such as democracy and dictatorship in China, freedom of the press, Falun Gong, and the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests.
The third video is recorded when Jiang came back to China United Engineering Corporation (Jiang worked there for some years), and Jiang recalled his experience in the video. He also talks about Deng Xiaoping's decision to appoint him as leader of China, and what he considered his achievements during his years of leadership.
Answer: Making big news
Question: What happens when the sun goes down?
Answer: When the sun sets, the evening starts.
Question: are the following musical instruments or not?
typewriter
computer
guitar
violin
flute
bedsheets
bat
ball
piano
harmonium
tabla
blinds
Answer: musical instruments: guitar, violin, flute, piano, harmonium, tabla
not musical instruments: typewriter, computer, bedsheets, bat, ball, blinds
Question: How many types of cat does the world cat federation recognise?
Evidence: As of 2023, The International Cat Association (TICA) recognizes 73 standardized breeds, the Cat Fanciers' Association (CFA) recognizes 45, the Fédération Internationale Féline (FIFe) recognizes 50, the Governing Council of the Cat Fancy (GCCF) recognizes 45, and the World Cat Federation (WCF) recognizes 69.
Answer: 69
Question: What is Violet Constance Jessop's nickname?
Evidence: Violet Constance Jessop (2 October 1887 – 5 May 1971), often referred to as the "Queen of sinking ships" or "Miss Unsinkable," was an Argentine woman of Irish heritage who worked as an ocean liner stewardess, memoirist, and nurse in the early 20th century. Jessop is most well known for having survived the sinking of both the RMS Titanic in 1912 and her sister ship the HMHS Britannic in 1916, as well as having been onboard the eldest of the three sister ships, the RMS Olympic, when it collided with the British warship HMS Hawke in 1911.
Answer: She is commonly referred to as "Miss Unsinkable" or Queen of sinking ships".
Question: Is their approach similar to making an averaged weighted sum of word vectors, where weights reflect word frequencies?
Evidence: Similar to Word2Vec or Paragraph Vectors, Doc2VecC consists of an input layer, a projection layer as well as an output layer to predict the target word, “ceremony” in this example. The embeddings of neighboring words (“opening”, “for”, “the”) provide local context while the vector representation of the entire document (shown in grey) serves as the global context. In contrast to Paragraph Vectors, which directly learns a unique vector for each document, Doc2VecC represents each document as an average of the embeddings of words randomly sampled from the document (“performance” at position INLINEFORM0 , “praised” at position INLINEFORM1 , and “brazil” at position INLINEFORM2 ). BIBREF25 also proposed the idea of using average of word embeddings to represent the global context of a document. Different from their work, we choose to corrupt the original document by randomly removing significant portion of words, and represent the document using only the embeddings of the words remained. This corruption mechanism offers us great speedup during training as it significantly reduces the number of parameters to update in back propagation. At the same time, as we are going to detail in the next section, it introduces a special form of regularization, which brings great performance improvement.
BIBREF25 also proposed the idea of using average of word embeddings to represent the global context of a document. Different from their work, we choose to corrupt the original document by randomly removing significant portion of words, and represent the document using only the embeddings of the words remained.
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* Different from their work, we choose to corrupt the original document by randomly removing significant portion of words, and represent the document using only the embeddings of the words remained.
Question: Which season three episode did Alik Sakharov direct in Game of Thrones?
Answer: Alik Sakharov directed the season three episode "The Climb"
Question: Name China's greatest events happened when Jiang was in charge
Evidence: Jiang Zemin (17 August 1926 – 30 November 2022) was a Chinese politician who served as general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1989 to 2002, as chairman of the Central Military Commission from 1989 to 2004, and as president of China from 1993 to 2003. Jiang was paramount leader of China from 1989 to 2002. He was the core leader of the third generation of Chinese leadership, one of four core leaders alongside Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping and Xi Jinping.

Born in Yangzhou, Jiangsu, Jiang joined the CCP while he was in college. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, he received training at the Stalin Automobile Works in Moscow in the 1950s, later returning to Shanghai in 1962 to serve in various institutes, later being sent between 1970-1972 to Romania as part of an expert team to establish machinery manufacturing plants in the country. After 1979, he was appointed as the vice chair of two commissions by vice premier Gu Mu to oversee the newly-established special economic zones (SEZs). He became the vice minister of the newly-established Ministry of Electronics Industry and a member of the CCP Central Committee in 1982.

Jiang was appointed as the mayor of Shanghai in 1985, later being promoted to its Communist Party secretary, as well as a member of the CCP Politburo, in 1987. Jiang came to power unexpectedly as a compromise candidate following the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre, when he replaced Zhao Ziyang as CCP general secretary after Zhao was ousted for his support for the student movement. As the involvement of the "Eight Elders" in Chinese politics steadily declined, Jiang consolidated his hold on power to become the "paramount leader" in the country during the 1990s. Urged by Deng Xiaoping's southern tour in 1992, Jiang officially introduced the term "socialist market economy" in his speech during the 14th CCP National Congress held later that year, which accelerated "opening up and reform".

Under Jiang's leadership, China experienced substantial economic growth with the continuation of market reforms. The returning of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom in 1997 and of Macau from Portugal in 1999, and entry into the World Trade Organisation in 2001, were landmark moments of his era. China also witnessed improved relations with the outside world, while the Communist Party maintained its tight control over the state. Jiang faced criticism over human rights abuses, including the crackdown on the Falun Gong movement. His contributions to party doctrine, known as the "Three Represents", were written into the CCP constitution in 2002. Jiang gradually vacated his official leadership titles from 2002 to 2005, being succeeded in these roles by Hu Jintao, although he and his political faction continued to influence affairs until much later. On 30 November 2022, Jiang died from leukemia and multiple organ failure in Shanghai.
Answer: The returning of Hong Kong and Macau, and joining WTO
Question: What is knitting?
Answer: Knitting is a craft process of working yarn in interlocking loops (called knit stitches and purl stitches) to create fabric items such as socks, scarves, blankets, hats, etc. Knitted items can be hand crafted or created on a knitting machine.
Question: On which dataset is the experiment conducted?
Evidence: We use the morphological tagging datasets provided by the Universal Dependencies (UD) treebanks (the concatenation of the $4^\text{th}$ and $6^\text{th}$ columns of the file format) BIBREF13 . We list the size of the training, development and test splits of the UD treebanks we used in tab:lang-size. Also, we list the number of unique morphological tags in each language in tab:num-tags, which serves as an approximate measure of the morphological complexity each language exhibits. Crucially, the data are annotated in a cross-linguistically consistent manner, such that words in the different languages that have the same syntacto-semantic function have the same bundle of tags (see sec:morpho-tagging for a discussion). Potentially, further gains would be possible by using a more universal scheme, e.g., the UniMorph scheme.
We use the morphological tagging datasets provided by the Universal Dependencies (UD) treebanks (the concatenation of the $4^\text{th}$ and $6^\text{th}$ columns of the file format) BIBREF13 .
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* We use the morphological tagging datasets provided by the Universal Dependencies (UD) treebanks (the concatenation of the $4^\text{th}$ and $6^\text{th}$ columns of the file format) BIBREF13 .
Question: What do they use to get all pairwise matching representations among the triplet?
Evidence: To fully mine the information in a {P, Q, A} triplet , We make use of the attention mechanism to get the bi-directional aggregation representation between the passage and the answer and do the same process between the passage and the question. The attention vectors between the passage and the answer are calculated as follows: 
$$\begin{split}
\textbf {W}&=SoftMax(\textbf {H}^p({H^{a}G + b})^T), \\
\textbf {M}^{p}&=\textbf {W}\textbf {H}^{a},
\textbf {M}^{a}=\textbf {W}^T\textbf {H}^{p},
\end{split}$$   (Eq. 5) 
where $G \in R^{l \times l}$ and $b \in R^{A \times l}$ are the parameters to learn. $\textbf {W} \in R^{P \times A}$ is the attention weight matrix between the passage and the answer. $\textbf {M}^{p} \in R^{P \times l}$ represent how each hidden state in passage can be aligned to the answe rand $\textbf {M}^{a} \in R^{A \times l}$ represent how the candidate answer can be aligned to each hidden state in passage. In the same method, we can get $\textbf {W}^{\prime } \in R^{P \times Q}$ and $\textbf {M}^{q} \in R^{Q \times l}$ for the representation between the passage and the question.
To integrate the original contextual representation, we follow the idea from BIBREF8 to fuse $\textbf {M}^{a}$ with original $\textbf {H}^p$ and so is $\textbf {M}^{p}$ . The final representation of passage and the candidate answer is calculated as follows: 
$$\begin{split}
\textbf {S}^{p}&=F([\textbf {M}^{a} - \textbf {H}^{a}; \textbf {M}^{a} \cdot \textbf {H}^{a}]W_1 + b_1),\\
\textbf {S}^{a}&=F([\textbf {M}^{p} - \textbf {H}^{p}; \textbf {M}^{p} \cdot \textbf {H}^{p}]W_2 + b_2),\\
\end{split}$$   (Eq. 6) 
where $W_1, W_2 \in R^{2l \times l}$ and $b_1 \in R^{P \times l}, b_2 \in R^{(A) \times l}$ are the parameters to learn. $[ ; ]$ is the column-wise concatenation and $-, \cdot $ are the element-wise subtraction and multiplication between two matrices. Previous work in BIBREF9 , BIBREF10 shows this method can build better matching representation. $F$ is the activation function and we choose $ReLU$ activation function there. $\textbf {S}^{p} \in R^{P \times l}$ and $\textbf {S}^{a} \in R^{A \times l}$ are the final representations of the passage and candidate answer. In the question side, we can get $\textbf {S}^{p^{\prime }} \in R^{P \times l}$ and $\textbf {S}^{q} \in R^{Q \times l}$ in the same calculation method.
To fully model the relationship in a {P, Q, A} triplet, We make use of the bidirectional matching strategy and gated mechanism to get all pairwise matching representation among the triplet, including passage-answer, passage-question and question-answer representation.
Answer: The bidirectional matching strategy and gated mechanism.
Question: Where is the "Prairie Chicken Capital of the World"?
Evidence: Cassoday is a city in Butler County, Kansas, United States. It is known as the "Prairie Chicken Capital of the World". As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 113.
Answer: Cassoday, KS in Butler County, Kansas is known as the "Prairie Chicken Capital of the World".  Its population in the 2020 census was 113 people.
Question: 7 Reasons San francisco has homelessness
Answer: Housing is sky rocketing compared to its neighboring areas -- Noe Valley, the Mission etc.
It is a transportation hub thus It is safe
Some of the best restaurants including Gialina, Chenery Park thus good scraps left
There is an 80 acre park with hiking trails, rock climbing, baseball diamond, tennis courts, basketball courts etc making good area for tenting
The community has lots of soup kitchen and free welfare
Question: Tell me whether this is a mammal or a bird: parrot, dolphin, dog, guinea pig, parakeet.
Answer: A dophin, dog, and guinea pig are mammals. A parrot and parakeet are birds.
Question: What are the various passing routes in football?
Answer: Streak
Post
Crossing route
Hitch
Comeback
Digg
Out
Flat 
Wheel
Question: From this paragraph, tell me how many people lived in Harappa.
Evidence: The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC), also known as the Indus Civilisation was a Bronze Age civilisation in the northwestern regions of South Asia, lasting from 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE, and in its mature form 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE. Together with ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, it was one of three early civilisations of the Near East and South Asia, and of the three, the most widespread. Its sites spanned an area from much of Pakistan, to northeast Afghanistan, and northwestern India. The civilisation flourished both in the alluvial plain of the Indus River, which flows through the length of Pakistan, and along a system of perennial monsoon-fed rivers that once coursed in the vicinity of the Ghaggar-Hakra, a seasonal river in northwest India and eastern Pakistan.

The term Harappan is sometimes applied to the Indus civilisation after its type site Harappa, the first to be excavated early in the 20th century in what was then the Punjab province of British India and is now Punjab, Pakistan. The discovery of Harappa and soon afterwards Mohenjo-daro was the culmination of work that had begun after the founding of the Archaeological Survey of India in the British Raj in 1861. There were earlier and later cultures called Early Harappan and Late Harappan in the same area. The early Harappan cultures were populated from Neolithic cultures, the earliest and best-known of which is Mehrgarh, in Balochistan, Pakistan. Harappan civilisation is sometimes called Mature Harappan to distinguish it from the earlier cultures.

The cities of the ancient Indus were noted for their urban planning, baked brick houses, elaborate drainage systems, water supply systems, clusters of large non-residential buildings, and techniques of handicraft and metallurgy. Mohenjo-daro and Harappa very likely grew to contain between 30,000 and 60,000 individuals, and the civilisation may have contained between one and five million individuals during its florescence. A gradual drying of the region during the 3rd millennium BCE may have been the initial stimulus for its urbanisation. Eventually it also reduced the water supply enough to cause the civilisation's demise and to disperse its population to the east.

Although over a thousand Mature Harappan sites have been reported and nearly a hundred excavated, there are five major urban centres: Mohenjo-daro in the lower Indus Valley (declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1980 as "Archaeological Ruins at Moenjodaro"), Harappa in the western Punjab region, Ganeriwala in the Cholistan Desert, Dholavira in western Gujarat (declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2021 as "Dholavira: A Harappan City"), and Rakhigarhi in Haryana. The Harappan language is not directly attested, and its affiliation uncertain as the Indus script has remained undeciphered. A relationship with the Dravidian or Elamo-Dravidian language family is favoured by a section of scholars.
Answer: Mohenjo-daro and Harappa together had a peak population of between 30,000 and 60,000 people
Question: Name ten Shakespeare plays
Answer: Romeo and Juliet, The Tempest, Midsummer Night's Dream, Hamlet, Julius Caesar, As You Like It, Macbeth, Twelfth Night, Othello, King Lear
Question: Why is American Football popular?
Answer: American football is the most popular sport in the United States by viewership. It has a unique blend of peak athleticism and top level strategy. Those who don’t enjoy American football reference the physicality and potential for brain injuries.
Question: What is a 2FA?
Answer: 2-factor Authentication aka 2FA is an approach to add another layer of security on the top of baseline layer of username and password. Generally, it is achieved by asking user to add another code when logging into a service which can be generated via a registered application (e.g. Google Authenticator, password managers, etc), sending a code to  registered mobile number or email address or other mechanisms like biosensor, touchpad, or other similar devices.
Question: How did they build the Fireworks of Glass in the Indy children's museum built?
Evidence: Fireworks of Glass Tower and Ceiling, also known as Fireworks of Glass, is a blown glass sculpture installation in the permanent collection of The Children's Museum of Indianapolis located in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America. The tower sits on a glass base, a pergola ceiling, and rises through the center of the museum's spiraling ramp system. Created by Dale Chihuly in 2006, it is his largest permanently installed glass sculpture. Beneath the tower is an accompanying exhibit that describes the sculpture and the process by which it was made. The tower and pergola ceiling are two distinct accessioned objects in the Children's Museum's collection. 
Fireworks of Glass and Pergola Ceiling is a 43-foot tower composed of 3,200 pieces of red, yellow, and cobalt blue blown glass and a pergola ceiling made up of 1,600 pieces of multicolored glass. On the tower, two to four feet pieces of twisted glass are situated on a metal armature suspended by steel cables. The tower rests on a glass plate over a pergola ceiling filled with other pieces of glass. Each piece of glass was individually blown by a team of glassblowers based out of Chihuly's studio in Tacoma, Washington. .
Answer: The sculpture Fireworks of Glass Tower and Ceiling in the Children's Museum of Indianapolis was built using a total of 4,800 pieces of red, yellow, and blue glass individually blown by a team of glassblowers in creator Dale Chihuly's Tacoma studio. The structure includes a 43-foot tower composed of 3,200 pieces of glass resting on a glass plate under a pergola ceiling made from 1,600 pieces of glass. The tower contains pieces of twisted glass suspended by steel cables.
Question: What is the best place in Thailand
Answer: Pattaya - its known for beach and Restaurants . Also, it's very well known for night clubs.
Phuket - Island beaches and Mountains in the ocean . It's so outstanding
Question: What would cause stride scheduling to cause inefficiency in CPU operations?
Evidence: The stride scheduling is a type of scheduling mechanism that has been introduced as a simple concept to achieve proportional CPU capacity reservation among concurrent processes. Stride scheduling aims to sequentially allocate a resource for the duration of standard time-slices (quantum) in a fashion, that performs periodic recurrences of allocations. Thus, a process p1 which has reserved twice the share of a process p2 will be allocated twice as often as p2. In particular, process p1 will even be allocated two times every time p2 is waiting for allocation, assuming that neither of the two processes performs a blocking operation.
Answer: Blocking operations would cause dependency issues between p1 and p2 if either is blocking the other.