DataHammer/scimrc huggingface dataset:
Question: Given the following paragraph on cell structure, what is an example of membrane proteins?
Evidence: Every cell is enclosed within a cell membrane that separates its cytoplasm from the extracellular space. A cell membrane consists of a lipid bilayer, including cholesterols that sit between phospholipids to maintain their fluidity at various temperatures. Cell membranes are semipermeable, allowing small molecules such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water to pass through while restricting the movement of larger molecules and charged particles such as ions. Cell membranes also contains membrane proteins, including integral membrane proteins that go across the membrane serving as membrane transporters, and peripheral proteins that loosely attach to the outer side of the cell membrane, acting as enzymes shaping the cell. Cell membranes are involved in various cellular processes such as cell adhesion, storing electrical energy, and cell signalling and serve as the attachment surface for several extracellular structures such as a cell wall, glycocalyx, and cytoskeleton.
Answer: One example of membrane proteins are integral membrane proteins which go across the membrane and serve as membrane transporters.
Question: How has the video gaming industry evolved over the years ?
Answer: Video games have been around for a while now. The industry have evolved massively in the recent 10 years. The industry begun with games that were programmed for the early computers. Then, specific devices like the Playstation from Sony, X-Box from Microsoft started to enter the scene. These helped with growing the number of people who play games since not everybody likes to own a PC to play games.

As the smartphone era begin, video games started to make an impact on those devices as well and the mobile gamer base started growing rapidly. 

Recently, the industry also evolved furthermore and professional e-sport teams started to emerge which boosted the spectator sport angle of the industry. This also grew with the adoption of streaming platforms like Twitch, where watching professional gamers play video games became a trend. 

Now, it is not uncommon to see most multiplayer competitive games to have a professional scene where teams like TSM, Liquid, Cloud 9 have signed players that compete on a professional level.
Question: What is one-child policy?
Evidence: The term one-child policy refers to a population planning initiative in China implemented between 1980 and 2015 to curb the country's population growth by restricting many families to a single child. That initiative was part of a much broader effort to control population growth that began in 1970 and ended in 2021, a half century program that included minimum ages at marriage and childbearing, two-child limits for many couples, minimum time intervals between births, heavy surveillance, and stiff fines for non-compliance. The program had wide-ranging social, cultural, economic, and demographic effects, although the contribution of one-child restrictions to the broader program has been the subject of controversy.
Answer: The "one-child policy" was a Chinese population planning initiative that was implemented from 1980 to 2015 to curb population growth by limiting many families to only one child. It was part of a larger effort to control population growth that began in 1970 and ended in 2021, which included setting minimum ages for marriage and childbearing, imposing two-child limits on many couples, requiring minimum intervals between births, close monitoring, and imposing stiff fines for non-compliance. The policy had far-reaching social, cultural, economic, and demographic effects, although the extent to which the one-child restrictions contributed to the broader program has been a matter of debate.
Question: What are modifiers in English?
Answer: A word, especially an adjective or noun used attributively, that restricts or adds to sense of a head noun
Question: Why is BioC format chosen for annotation？
Evidence: The annotation was performed using WebAnno BIBREF7, a web-based tool for linguistic annotation. The annotators could choose between a pre-annotated version or a blank version of each text. The pre-annotated versions contained suggested entity spans based on string matches from lists of conditions and findings synonym lists. Their quality varied widely throughout the corpus. The blank version was preferred by the annotators. We distribute the corpus in BioC JSON format. BioC was chosen as it allows us to capture the complexities of the annotations in the biomedical domain. It represented each documents properties ranging from full text, individual passages/sentences along with captured annotations and relationships in an organized manner. BioC is based on character offsets of annotations and allows the stacking of different layers.
BioC was chosen as it allows us to capture the complexities of the annotations in the biomedical domain. It represented each documents properties ranging from full text, individual passages/sentences along with captured annotations and relationships in an organized manner. BioC is based on character offsets of annotations and allows the stacking of different layers.
Answer: BioC was chosen as it allows them to capture the complexities of the annotations in the biomedical domain. It represented each documents properties ranging from full text, individual passages/sentences along with captured annotations and relationships in an organized manner. BioC is based on character offsets of annotations and allows the stacking of different layers.
Question: Do they conduct any human evaluation?
Evidence: We investigate both methods, either in isolation or combined, on two translation directions (En-It and En-De) for which the length of the target is on average longer than the length of the source. Our ultimate goal is to generate translations whose length is not longer than that of the source string (see example in Table FIGREF1). While generating translations that are just a few words shorter might appear as a simple task, it actually implies good control of the target language. As the reported examples show, the network has to implicitly apply strategies such as choosing shorter rephrasing, avoiding redundant adverbs and adjectives, using different verb tenses, etc. We report MT performance results under two training data conditions, small and large, which show limited degradation in BLEU score and n-gram precision as we vary the target length ratio of our models. We also run a manual evaluation which shows for the En-It task a slight quality degradation in exchange of a statistically significant reduction in the average length ratio, from 1.05 to 1.01.
We also run a manual evaluation which shows for the En-It task a slight quality degradation in exchange of a statistically significant reduction in the average length ratio, from 1.05 to 1.01.
Answer: Yes.
Question: How does the model recognize entities and their relation to answers at inference time when answers are not accessible?
Evidence: In this paper we presented the Question Dependent Recurrent Entity Network, used for reasoning and reading comprehension tasks. This model uses a particular RNN cell in order to store just relevant information about the given question. In this way, in combination with the original Recurrent Entity Network (keys and memory), we improved the State-of-The-Art in the bAbI 1k task and achieved promising results in the Reading comprehension task on the CNN & Daily news dataset. However, we believe that there are still margins for improving the behavior for the proposed cell. Indeed, the cell has not enough expressive power to make a selective activation among different memory blocks (notice in Figure 2 (a) the gates open for all the memories). This does not seem to be a serious problem since we actually outperform other models, but it could be the key to finally pass all the bAbI tasks.
Dynamic Memory stores information of entities present in $T$ . This module is very similar to a Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) BIBREF20 with a hidden state divided into blocks. Moreover, each block ideally represents an entity (i.e. person, location etc.), and it stores relevant facts about it. Each block $i$ is made of a hidden state $h_i\in \mathbb {R}^d$ and a key $k_i\in \mathbb {R}^d$ , where $d$ is the embedding size. The Dynamic Memory module is made of a set of blocks, which can be represent with a set of hidden states $\lbrace h_1,\dots ,h_z \rbrace $ and their correspondent set of keys $\lbrace k_1,\dots ,k_z \rbrace $ . The equation used to update a generic block $i$ are the following: $ g_i^{(t)} =& \sigma (s_t^T h_i^{(t-1)} + s_t^T k_i^{(t-1)} + s_t^T q ) &\text{(Gating Function)}&\\ \hat{h}_i^{(t)} =& \phi (U h_i^{(t-1)} + V k_i^{(t-1)} + W s_t ) &\text{(Candidate Memory)}&\\ h_i^{(t)} =& h_i^{(t-1)} + g_i^{(t)} \odot \hat{h}_i^{(t)} &\text{(New Memory)}&\\ h_i^{(t)} =& h_i^{(t)}/\Vert h_i^{(t)} \Vert &\text{(Reset Memory)}&\\ $
The addition of the $s_t^T q$ term in the gating function is our main contribution. We add such term with the assumption that the question can be useful to focus the attention of the model while analyzing the input sentences.
This model uses a particular RNN cell in order to store just relevant information about the given question. 
Dynamic Memory stores information of entities present in $T$ .
The addition of the $s_t^T q$ term in the gating function is our main contribution. 
Answer: The answers are shown as follows:
* gating function
* Dynamic Memory
Question: When did the Great Chicago Fire occur?
Evidence: He assumed the presidency of the Commercial Insurance Company, then was named president of the Chicago Board of Underwriters in 1869. Following the Great Chicago Fire of 1871, he was named the president of the State Savings Institution, resigning in 1873. Dore also presided over the Newsboys' and Bootblacks' Home and donated a building to them in 1884.
Answer: 1871
Question: What album by Trans-X was released in 1983 and how many songs were on it?
Evidence: Living on Video (also known as Message on the Radio) is the first studio album by the Canadian synth-pop group Trans-X. Recorded and released in 1983 by Mantra Records, Message on the Radio was a seven-track album. Produced by Daniel Bernier, the record featured all instruments played by Pascal Languirand with Anne Brosseau on supporting vocals. The album was reissued in 1993 and contains a total of 14 tracks.
Answer: Trans-X released the album Living on Video in 1983. It included 7 tracks.
Question: Pitch me some bad ideas for cologne scents.
Answer: - Goat cheese
- Dead bird
- Nursing home
- Gasoline
- Carcase
- Sweat
- Basement must
- Mold
Question: Why do people prefer Windows over Linux?
Answer: While Linux is more commonly used in servers and supercomputers, and Windows is more popular among personal computers, both have their own advantages and disadvantages. Windows is generally considered to be easier to use, while Linux is known for its stability and security.
Question: Who is John Schneider
Answer: John Schneider is an actor, theatre director, playwright, and musician based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He is currently the Arts and Entertainment Editor for the Shepherd Express and a theatre arts professor at Marquette University.
Question: Think up of different foods that are good for when you are sick
Answer: Warm tea, chicken noodle soup, oranges, ginger chews
Question: In which popular 1970s educational computer game could a character die of dysentery or drowning due to a poorly-caulked wagon?
Answer: The Oregon Trail
Question: Which of these would you not wear on a hot summer day? Sweatshirt, t-shirt, shorts, tank top, hat, wool coat, leather trousers, crop top.
Answer: The average person would likely not wear a sweatshirt, wool coat, or leather trousers on a hot summer day. A sweatshirt is generally a second layer worn on top of another article of clothing for additional warmth, which one wouldn't need on a hot day. A coat is another garment meant to layer over other clothing, and wool is a particularly warm material. Leather is not a breathable fabric, so leather trousers would also be undesirable on a hot day.
Question: What makes a song popular?
Answer: There are several aspects that determine if a song is popular. The best songs may not be the most popular. Songs need to be promoted and played on the radio. The song needs to be recommended on most music services. It also helps if the song is made by a popular artist that most people are familiar with. All of this helps determine if a song is popular or not.
Question: Do they use the same distance metric for both the SimCluster and K-means algorithm?
Evidence: We used the gaussian index from which an utterance pair was generated as the ground truth label, which served to provide ground truth clusters for computation of the above evaluation metrics. Table TABREF15 shows a comparison of the results on SimCluster versus K-means algorithm. Here our SimCluster algorithm improves the F1-scores from 0.412 and 0.417 in the two domains to 0.442 and 0.441. The ARI scores also improve from 0.176 and 0.180 to 0.203 and 0.204.
Table TABREF15 shows a comparison of the results on SimCluster versus K-means algorithm. Here our SimCluster algorithm improves the F1-scores from 0.412 and 0.417 in the two domains to 0.442 and 0.441. The ARI scores also improve from 0.176 and 0.180 to 0.203 and 0.204.
Answer: Yes.
Question: With which countries does Indonesia share borders?
Evidence: Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guinea. Indonesia is the world's largest archipelagic state and the 14th-largest country by area, at 1,904,569 square kilometres (735,358 square miles). With over 275 million people, Indonesia is the world's fourth-most populous country and the most populous Muslim-majority country. Java, the world's most populous island, is home to more than half of the country's population.
As the world's third largest democracy, Indonesia is a presidential republic with an elected legislature. It has 38 provinces, of which nine have special status. The country's capital, Jakarta, is the world's second-most populous urban area. Indonesia shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and the eastern part of Malaysia, as well as maritime borders with Singapore, Vietnam, Thailand, the Philippines, Australia, Palau, and India. Despite its large population and densely populated regions, Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness that support one of the world's highest level of biodiversity.
The Indonesian archipelago has been a valuable region for trade since at least the seventh century, when the Srivijaya Kingdom formed trade links with China. Indonesian history has been influenced by foreign powers drawn to its natural resources. Under Indian influence, Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms flourished from the early centuries CE. Muslim traders later brought Islam, and European powers fought one another to monopolise trade in the Spice Islands of Maluku during the Age of Discovery. Following three and a half centuries of Dutch colonialism, Indonesia secured its independence after World War II. Indonesia's history has since been turbulent, with challenges posed by natural disasters, corruption, separatism, a democratisation process, and periods of rapid economic change.
Answer: Indonesia shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and the eastern part of Malaysia, as well as maritime borders with Singapore, Vietnam, Thailand, the Philippines, Australia, Palau, and India.
Question: Give me a list of the last five european golden boots winner and tell me how many goals they scored and in which league they scored these goals.
Answer: 1. Robert Lewandowski, 2022-2021, 35 goals, Bundesliga
2. Robert Lewandowski, 2021-2020, 41 goals, Bundesliga
3. Ciro Immobile, 2020-2019, 36 goals, Serie A
4. Lionel Messi, 2019-2018, 36 goals, La Liga
5. Lionel Messi, 2018-2017, 34 goals, La Liga
Question: What is the Fallout game?
Evidence: Fallout: A Post Nuclear Role Playing Game is a 1997 role-playing video game developed and published by Interplay Productions. In a mid-22nd century post-apocalyptic and retro-futuristic world, decades after a global nuclear war between the United States and China, Fallout's protagonist, the Vault Dweller, inhabits the underground nuclear shelter Vault 13. After customizing their character, the player must scour the surrounding wasteland for a computer chip that can fix the Vault's failed water supply system. They interact with other survivors, some of whom give them missions, and engage in turn-based combat where they battle until their action points are depleted.
Answer: Fallout is a cyberpunk game based in a post-apocalyptic world. It is an RPG that gained extreme popularity for its storytelling, setting, music and art. The famous RPG game uses a 1950's retro world that is combined with futuristic technology to create a unique setting. With many branching quest lines and plenty of items, weapons and loot, the game has hours worth of content. The basic plot of the game follows a vault dweller. The main character emerges from an underground vault to find a broken but thriving post-apocalyptic world. He meets many different people struggling to survive and monsters that evolved from all the radiation.
Question: Which is the most popular sport in India?
Answer: The most popular sport in India is Cricket
Question: Why do people need sleep?
Answer: Sleep is necessary for your overall health and well-being.  Sleep is even so important not enough sleep can actually kill you.  Sleep enables the body engage in processes that help rejuvenate the body through better mental and physical performance.  A good night of rest will give you higher energy levels, better mood, clearer thinking and concentration.
Question: Why is a higher interest rate on my home worse?
Answer: Getting a higher interest rate on a home loan increases the payments on your loan. Over time, a higher interest rate can greatly increase the amount that you pay to your lender. However, a silver lining might be the lower home prices that often accompany higher interest rates. It’s possible that refinancing after interest rates drop might provide an opportunity to pay less on your loan down the road.
Question: Which Targaryen has the dragon Rhaegal named after him?
Answer: Rhaegal is named for Rhaegar Targaryen, Daenerys Targaryen's eldest brother.
Question: Who is Brad Pitt?
Answer: Brad Pitt was born in America.  He is known for acting in movies and also producing them.  He has received many awards including two academy awards, golden globes, and an emmy award.  He has stared in movies like Babylon, Bullet Train, No Way Out, and Hunk.
Question: I'm at a board game shop and want to buy a game that either requires physical skill or economic strategy. Here are the available games: Pictionary, Monopoly, Trivial Pursuit, Jenga, Operation, Catan, Diplomacy and Hungry Hippos. Give me a shortlist.
Answer: Your shortlist consists of games that require physical skill or economic strategy:
Physical Skill: Jenga, Operation, Hungry Hippos
Economic Strategy: Catan, Diplomacy, Monopoly
Question: How do they measure performance of language model tasks?
Evidence: In Table TABREF39 , our results are comparable to the state-of-the-art methods. Since we do not have the same computational resource used in BIBREF50 to tune hyper-parameters at large scale, we expect that our model could achieve better performance after an aggressive hyperparameter tuning process. As shown in Table TABREF42 , our method outperform baseline methods. It is worth noticing that the continuous cache pointer can also be applied to output of our Predict Network without modification. Visualizations of tree structure generated from learned PTB language model are included in Appendix . In Table TABREF40 , we show the value of test perplexity for different variants of PRPN, each variant remove part of the model. By removing Parsing Network, we observe a significant drop of performance. This stands as empirical evidence regarding the benefit of having structure information to control attention.
FLOAT SELECTED: Table 1: BPC on the Penn Treebank test set
Word-level Language Model
In Table TABREF40 , we show the value of test perplexity for different variants of PRPN, each variant remove part of the model. 
FLOAT SELECTED: Table 1: BPC on the Penn Treebank test set
Word-level Language Model
Answer: BPC, Perplexity
Question: Where was Anne Zohra Berrached born?
Evidence: The daughter of an Algerian father, Anne Zohra Berrached was born and raised in the GDR. Following specialized secondary school in art, she earned a university degree in social pedagogy. Anne Zohra Berrached worked for two years in London as a drama teacher before spending one year abroad in Cameroon and Spain.
Answer: Anne Zohra Berrached was born and raised in GDR (German Democratic Republic)
Question: Tell me whether these are names of basketball teams or baseball teams: Los Angeles Lakers, Los Angeles Angels, Los Angeles Dodgers, Los Angeles Clippers, San Diego Padres, New York Yankees, Miami Heat, Boston Celtics
Answer: Los Angeles Lakers - NBA basketball team
Los Angeles Angels - MLB baseball team
Los Angeles Dodgers - MLB baseball team
Los Angeles Clippers - NBA basketball team
San Diego Padres - MLB baseball team
New York Yankees - MLB baseball team
Miami Heat - NBA basketball team
Boston Celtics - NBA basketball team
Question: How can I learn how to ski?
Answer: While there are many different ways to learn how to ski, here are some of the more common ones:

1. Take a professional lesson. These are typically offered as half-day or full-day, and either as a private lesson or in a group of typically up to eight people.

2. Have a friend teach you. This is a more cost-conscious way, however, ensure that your friend knows how to properly teach.

3. Teach yourself. Utilize video tutorials found on various sites and get out there and try it.

Remember that skiing, while fun, is still an activity that could cause harm, so be sure to always wear a properly fitting helmet.
Question: Who was Roy Cameron? When and where did he work?
Evidence: The Cameron Nunataks (72°36′S 163°43′E) are a small cluster of nunataks rising above the west margin of Evans Neve, at the southern end of the Freyberg Mountains. The cluster was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and from U.S. Navy air photos, 1960–64, and named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Roy E. Cameron, biologist at McMurdo Station, summers 1966–67 and 1967–68.
Answer: Roy E. Cameron was a biologist. He worked in Antartica at the McMurdo Station during the summers of 1966–67 and 1967–68
Question: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Igba, Berimbau
Answer: Berimbau is string, Igba is percussion.
Question: Write a convincing argument about why cats are better than dogs
Answer: Cats are better than dogs because they are independent pets that don't require intensive care, so they are well suited for the lifestyle of someone who works in an office or likes to be able to go out on the weekends, as they can be left alone for longer periods of time than dogs. Cats can also be housebroken very easily, and don't need to be let outside to use the bathroom, unlike dogs which require more frequent walks. Cats are especially well suited to small apartments or homes, as they don't take up as much space as dogs. Finally, cats are much softer and more fun to pet than dogs, and don't require frequent bathing as they keep themselves clean.
Question: What makes you smile? What makes you happy?
Answer: I smile when I can let life slow down a bit and I can stop to appreciate what's around me. The small things are the best. A passerby having a happy moment. A great song. A nice tree.