Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
New Advances through the boundaries of Poisson Geometry (NEW-POETRY)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Mathematical foundations
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (ERC-2011-StG_20101014, 2011)
Start date: 2011-09-01
End date: 2016-08-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This project proposes new research directions that originate in the field of Poisson Geometry and which reach out towards other fields of Differential Geometry and Topology. It can also be seen as the development of a new field- Poisson Topology, the birth of which is clearly predicted by the recent results of the PI on stability of symplectic leaves. Aims: 1. solving some of the most fundamental open problems in Poisson Geometry. 2. breaking the current boundaries of Poisson Geometry and bringing it at the forefront of the interplay between other fields in geometry (Foliation Theory, Symplectic Geometry etc). Methods/tools: 1. build on the breakthrough results of the PI (and his collaborators) such as the one on the integrability of Lie algebroids or the geometric approach to Conn-Weinstein theorem. 2. new tools in Poisson Geometry such as Nonlinear Functional Analysis or the use of the fundamental ideas of Cartan that were not yet exploited in Poisson Geometry (G-structures, Exterior Differential Systems, etc ). New directions: I propose several interacting directions/subprojects, each one of independent interest. For example: - study of local invariants in Poisson Geometry (a wide-open problem) based on PI's work and the use of ideas from G-structures. - a new unified approach to stability theories, such as Mather's theory or Nijenhuis-Richardson's (apparently unrelated!). Poisson Geometry plays an unifying role. We expect new fundamental results in Poisson Topology and related fields (including moduli spaces of flat connections). - the study of global aspects of Poisson Geometry. E.g. the existence of codimension one Poisson structures on spheres (the 5-dimensional sphere was settled only last year!). Recall that the similar problem in Foliation Theory served as a driving force for the field (and will be used here). Global aspects will also take us to the world of Symplectic Topology- a high risk/high return journey that has never been taken before

Keywords: poisson geometry,foliation theory,symplectic geometry,moment maps,groupoids,lie pseudogroups,g-structures,topology,higher structures,geometry of pde,nonlinear functional analysis
Modelling the Archaean Subduction Environment (MASE)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Earth system science
Countries involved: United Kingdom,France
Call:  (ERC-2011-StG_20101014, 2011)
Start date: 2012-01-01
End date: 2016-12-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1490738.0
EU funding (EUR): 1490738.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

Today, subduction dominates the Earth’s appearance: it drives plate tectonics, and plays a dominant role in continental crust formation. If and how subduction operated 2.5-4 billion years ago, in the Archaean, is debated, primarily on the basis of the sparse Archaean geological record. It seems likely that some form of subduction occurred at least by the late Archaean, but may well have looked different from today’s. A proper understanding of this Archaean ‘subduction’ is essential, since so many processes are likely to depend on it. Observations of the geological (mostly isotope-geochemical) record have provided an invaluable window to peer into the Archaean world. But inferred Archaean geodynamics from these observations are non-unique. Various models fit the same data within uncertainty, and often lack a firm physical basis. To overcome these shortcomings, I propose a novel, forward approach of predicting synthetic geochemical fingerprints from numerical, geodynamically consistent physical models, and comparing those with geochemical observations. This will be used to constrain and better understand the two most pressing questions in Earth sciences: How did plate tectonics evolve, and how did continents form? In particular, this project aims to: 1) assess quantitatively the geodynamical and geochemical viability of intermittent plate tectonics; 2) test the various proposed models for the formation of Archaean continental crust; Comparison of calculated synthetic geochemistry (e.g. Re-Os data, rare-Earth element data) from geodynamical models with available datasets will provide powerful diagnostics to distinguish viable models. In addition, this work will also directly relevant for the evolution of the Earth’s surface, and to the differences with the other terrestrial planets. Finally, there are potential economic benefits, since the world’s largest mineral deposits (e.g. gold) occur in Archaean terrains and have been associated to subduction.

Keywords: subduction,early earth
Ice ages, Sea level, and Magmatism: Coupled oscillations (ISMAGIC)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Earth system science
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2011-StG_20101014, 2011)
Start date: 2012-01-01
End date: 2017-12-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1358793.0
EU funding (EUR): 1358793.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

There is widespread recognition of the connectivity of different components of the Earth system, but many of these connections have not been studied. This is certainly true of connections between climate and the solid Earth. A thorough understanding of the climatic variations recorded in the geologic record cannot be obtained by studying climate in isolation from the solid Earth, and a complete understanding of the volcanic record requires consideration of the effects of climate variation. This is a proposal to investigate the coupling between climate and the solid Earth, and hence to better understand climate history and its impact on volcanism. The proposed work will use computational models of two-phase magma/mantle dynamics and petrology to explore links between glacial cycles and mid-ocean ridge volcanism. Glacial cycles redistribute water between the oceans and continents, changing sea level and hence varying the load on mid-ocean ridges. Melting beneath ridges responds to pressure changes, and should produce observable variation in crustal thickness and concentration of incompatible elements. Carbon dioxide is one such incompatible element, and pressure-induced variations in out-gassing rate from the mid-ocean ridge system to the climate system may provide the negative feedback that gives rise to glacial oscillations. The plausibility of this hypothesis depends on details of the response functions of the coupled systems. The proposed research group will develop a set of independent but synergistic projects that employ computational simulation to assess these responses, make testable geochemical and geophysical predictions, and validate models against observational data. This investigation has the potential to transform our understanding of mid-ocean ridge volcanism and of Quaternary ice ages.

Keywords: magma,volcano,glacial cycle,climate,mid-ocean ridge,sea level,carbon dioxide,ice age,mantle,oceanic crust,geochemistry,numerical model,computation,mathematical model,lava
Exploring Dark Energy through Cosmic Structures: Observational Consequences of Dark Energy Clustering (EDECS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Universe sciences
Countries involved: France
Call:  (ERC-2011-StG_20101014, 2011)
Start date: 2012-04-01
End date: 2017-08-31
Duration (months): 65.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1468800.0
EU funding (EUR): 1468800.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Understanding the nature of Dark Energy (DE) in the Universe is the central challenge of modern cosmology. Einstein’s Cosmological Constant (Λ) provides the simplest explanation fitting the available cosmological data thus far. However, its unnaturally tuned value indicates that other hypothesis must be explored. Furthermore, current observations do not by any means rule out alternative models in favor of the simplest “concordance” ΛCDM. In the absence of theoretical prejudice, observational tests have mainly focused on the DE equation of state. However, the detection of the inhomogeneous nature of DE will provide smoking-gun evidence that DE is dynamical, ruling out Λ. This key aspect has been mostly overlooked so far, particularly in the optimization design of the next generation of surveys dedicated to DE searches which will map the distribution of matter in the Universe with unprecedented accuracy. The success of these observations relies upon the ability to model the non-linear gravitational processes which affect the collapse of Dark Matter (DM) at small and intermediate scales. Therefore, it is of the highest importance to investigate the role of DE inhomogeneities throughout the non-linear evolution of cosmic structure formation. To achieve this, we will use specifically designed high-resolution numerical simulations and analytical methods to study the non-linear regime in different DE models. The hypothesis to be tested is whether the intrinsic clustering of DE can alter the predictions of the standard ΛCDM model. We will investigate the observational consequences on the DM density field and the properties of DM halos. The results will have a profound impact in the quest for DE and reveal new observable imprints on the distribution of cosmic structures, whose detection may disclose the ultimate origin of the DE phenomenon.

Keywords: dark energy clustering,n-body simulations,formation and evolution of cosmic structures
Ensemble based advanced quantum light matter interfaces (QULIMA)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Fundamental constituents of matter
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (ERC-2011-StG_20101014, 2011)
Start date: 2011-10-01
End date: 2017-05-31
Duration (months): 68.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1483618.4
EU funding (EUR): 1483618.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The ability to transfer information between light and material memories and processors has led to a technological revolution in the way information is processed and communicated. Now scientists are going one step further by harnessing the coherent and reversible transfer of quantum information between matter and light, enabling the realization of a quantum memory for light. This will allow the realization of quantum information networks, which hold promise for revolutionary advances in information processing. Demonstrations of photonic quantum memories have been reported. Yet, with their limited properties, they can only be seen as proof of principle. The goal of this project is to turn quantum memories into a practical useful quantum device. The main scientific objective is to demonstrate ensemble based novel quantum light matter interfaces with enhanced capabilities and unprecedented properties. Two quantum physical systems will be investigated: solid state quantum memories implemented with rare-earth doped solids and cold atomic gases. These quantum memories will be used to explore new avenues in the quantum control of matter-matter entanglement. Progress beyond the state of the art will go along three ways: (1) the demonstration of long lived and robust entanglement between two remote solid state quantum memories. These systems will facilitate the scalability and integration in large scale quantum networks. (2) The demonstration of a quantum gate between two collective matter qubits stored in cold atomic ensembles. This requires the quantum control of single collective atomic Rydberg excitations. (3) The demonstration of entanglement between a solid state quantum memory and a cold atomic ensemble. This would provide the first example of entanglement between different quantum material objects and would pave the way towards hybrid quantum networks. These results will open new avenues towards the practical realization of scalable quantum networks and repeaters.

Keywords: solid state quantum memories,cold atomic ensemble,matter-matter entanglement,hybrid quantum networks,quantum repeaters,photon-photon gate
Building Scalable, Secure, and Reliable "Chaotic" Wireless Networks (CHAOSNETS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Systems and communication engineering
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2011-StG_20101014, 2011)
Start date: 2011-11-01
End date: 2016-10-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1457675.0
EU funding (EUR): 1457675.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

As a result of their unplanned, license-free nature, WiFi networks have grown quickly in recent years, giving users unprecedented improvements in wireless access to the Internet. But being “chaotic,” i.e. unplanned, they have grown to be victims of their own success: when eager users set up too many wireless access points in a densely-populated area, the resulting noise and interference hurt everyones throughput and connectivity. Cellular mobile telephone networks are planned carefully, but in order to expand coverage indoors, providers are turning to customer-deployed femtocells, thus incuring the drawbacks of chaotic WiFi networks. We propose a ground-up redesign of chaotic wireless networks, with new architectural contributions focusing on what information the physical layer should pass up to higher layers. We propose a new physical layer interface called SoftAoA that passes angle-of-arrival (AoA) information from the physical layer up to higher layers. Using this expanded physical layer interface, we will first investigate fountain coding and receiver-based rate adaptation methods to improve wireless capacity in the vagaries of the “grey zone” of marginal coverage. Second, we will investigate improvements to security and localization that can be made based on the profiling of incoming packets’ AoA at an access point. Finally, we will investigate how a chaotically-deployed network can mitigate the interference it experiences from networks not under the same administrative control, and manage the interference it causes to those networks. The result will be more scalable, secure, and reliable chaotic wireless networks that play an even more prominent role in our lives.

Keywords: wireless,networks,architecture,security,capacity,localization,802.11
Organic Nanospintronics (ORANOS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Condensed matter physics
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (ERC-2011-StG_20101014, 2011)
Start date: 2012-03-01
End date: 2017-02-28
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1494640.0
EU funding (EUR): 1494640.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Research on organic spintronics, which is especially promising due to the prospects of exceptionally long spin lifetimes in organic semiconductors, is currently in a critical phase. After a very successful starting period, progress is now being hampered, largely due to a limited understanding of the critical interfacial properties involved. The mechanisms behind the observed spin valve effects remain poorly understood, and unambiguous evidence of spin polarized transport (other than tunnelling) in organic semiconductors is still lacking. The properties of the hybrid inorganic/organic interfaces are of paramount importance for the device behaviour, and are key to solving the puzzle associated with the physics behind the observed magnetoresistance effects. So far a direct link between device characteristics and interfacial properties remains elusive. In this proposal, we pursue a reliable way to address these crucial issues and to guarantee the progress needed to take the field to the next level. As a first main objective, we will combine interface preparation and characterization with in-situ device fabrication and testing, using a single dedicated UHV setup equipped with all necessary tools, i.e. spin (and angle) resolved photoelectron spectroscopy, LEED and STM, and magnetotransport, to establish a direct link between interfacial properties and device characteristics. The second main objective is to develop new device architectures, optimized for electrical probing of spin polarization in organic semiconductors. These joined efforts form a highly challenging task, since they require a strongly interdisciplinary approach, combining different complementary expertises. The PI is in a truly unique position to carry out this timely project successfully, having a strong and well documented background in 1) electron spectroscopic characterization techniques of electronic and magnetic properties of hybrid interfaces and 2) spintronic devices and spin polarized transport.

Keywords: organic semiconductors,spin polarized transport,in-situ magnetotransport,hybrid inorganic/organic interfaces,spin polarized electronic structure
Validation of Concurrent Software Across Abstraction Layers (CPROVER)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Computer science and informatics
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2011-StG_20101014, 2011)
Start date: 2011-12-01
End date: 2017-11-30
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1368355.0
EU funding (EUR): 1368355.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The cost of software quality assurance (QA) dominates the cost of IT development and maintenance projects. QA is frequently on the critical path to market. Effective software QA is therefore decisive for the competitiveness of numerous industries that rely on IT, and essential for government tasks that rely heavily on IT. This research programme will provide a pragmatic solution to the most pressing issue in software QA in mainstream software engineering: the use of concurrency. Programmers make use of numerous favors of concurrency in order to achieve better scalability, savings in power, increase reliability, and to boost performance. The need for software that makes diligent use of concurrent computational resources has been exacerbated by power-efficient multi-core CPUs, which are now widely deployed, but still unfertilized due to the lack of appropriate software. Concurrent software is particularly difficult to test, as bugs depend on particular interlavings between the sequential computations. Defects are therefore difficult to reproduce and diagnose, and often elude even very experienced programmers. We propose to develop new, ground-braking reasoning and testing technology for this kind of software, with the goal of cutting the staff effort in QA of concurrent effort in half. We will use a tightly integrated combination of scalable and performant testing technology and Model Checking and abstract interpretation engines to prune the search. Every aspect of the research programme is geared towards improving the productivity of the average application programmer. Our theories and reasoning technology will therefore be implemented in a seamless fashion within the existing, well-accepted programming environments Visual Studio and Eclipse, in close collaboration with Microsoft and IBM.

Keywords: model checking,concurrency,verification,software quality
New materials for energy production and sustainable energy use (EMATTER)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Products and process engineering
Countries involved: United Kingdom,Bulgaria
Call:  (ERC-2011-StG_20101014, 2011)
Start date: 2012-02-01
End date: 2018-01-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1963834.6
EU funding (EUR): 1963834.6
Participants: 3
Project status: CLOSED

The proposed research is in the field of nanofiber materials, focusing on the development of functional nanofibers for the complementary purposes of energy production and sustainable energy use. Significant opportunities exist in these areas, stemming from the development of several methods in the last decade for higher capacity nanofiber production, as well as the strategic need to find alternatives to current production of energy and its uses. Nanofibers are expected to bring revolutionary advances to these and many other fields of science and technology, including catalysis, filtration, protein separations, tissue engineering, and flexible electronics. We will work on creating such materials with potential applications in multi-exciton photovoltaics and catalysis for energy production. For sustainable energy use, we will develop bioinspired responsive materials and architectures, which would store energy, release it on demand, and act as life-like, efficient, and autonomous entities. Fundamental questions we will address in the research include: How do we tailor semiconductor band structures, as well as achieve nanoscale morphologies for efficient dissociation of photogenerated excitons? Can we develop general predictive rules for the conditions needed to fabricate nanofibers from any polymer solution by liquid shear processing? Can the molecular crystallinity and porosity be controlled in the fibers? What are the simplest life-like, autonomous devices that could be made with synthetic materials? This work will include extensive solution-based synthesis, processing, structural and chemical characterization (by optical and electron microscopy, small angle X-rays), physical property measurements (mechanical, optical, electronic), device fabrication and assembly, and computer simulations. Most of the facilities needed for the research are available in Cambridge, and some will be arranged for through external collaborations.

Keywords: nanofibers,composites,hydrogen generation,catalysis,battery electrodes,artificial muscles,responsive materials,biomimetic