Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Modeling and Understanding the Influence of Geological Complexity on CO2 Storage (MUIGECCOS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, 2009)
Start date: 2011-07-01
End date: 2013-06-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 127117.0
EU funding (EUR): 127117.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Carbon capture and storage in geological formations has been proposed in the last ten years to reduce the emissions of CO2 to the atmosphere. Geological storage consists in injecting supercritical CO2 into deep aquifers so that it remains trapped under a low permeability caprock. At the injection pressure, CO2 solubility is high and dissolution is controlled by diffusion and dispersion. CO2 saturated brine is highly acidic and will dissolve the rock, increasing its permeability, but also reducing its strength. Depending on chemical conditions, other minerals may precipitate, including carbonates, which effectively induce a mineralization of CO2. Eventually, after injection stops, a sizable amount of CO2 will remain trapped by capillary forces as residual CO2 bubbles. CO2 storage thus involves coupling of multiphase flow, solute transport, geochemical reactions and mechanical deformation. The outcome is non-obvious and requires modeling. Geological heterogeneity can both enhance and reduce the storage capacity. Enhancement can come from speeding up dissolution. Reduction may result from the chemical and mechanical weakening of the confining rock. More intrinsically, it has been recently established that heterogeneity modifies the expression of the processes across scales and may cause new processes to emerge. We propose in this project to improve our understanding of the influence of heterogeneity on the expression of the complex coupled processes involved in CO2 storage. Based on numerical simulations, we will build heuristic expressions of the emerging equations. These will be further analyzed with formal upscaling methodologies such as homogenization or renormalization. We expect to develop, first, a better understanding of the upscaled processes underlying site safety and, second, more accurate upscaled modeling tools. We will eventually determine how these tools can improve the design of injection strategies and the reliability of risk assessment predictions.

Keywords: hydrogeology (geophysics),energy environmental impact,geological co2 storage,environmental physics,hydrogeological modeling
Interacting Buoyant Coastal Currents (INBUCOC)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Italy
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IIF, 2009)
Start date: 2010-06-07
End date: 2012-03-19
Duration (months): 12.0
Total project cost (EUR): 114876.6
EU funding (EUR): 114876.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Buoyant coastal currents strongly influence coastal circulation and ecosystems and, on a global scale, the redistribution of freshwater. The interaction of buoyant currents from different river sources is a common phenomenon; for example, the western Adriatic Sea coastal current. The manner in which buoyant currents interact will influence the downstream coastal distribution of waterborne materials contained in individual currents, with ecological and societal importance. While clearly an important phenomenon on many coasts, the dynamics of interacting buoyant coastal currents, and the impacts of such interactions, remain poorly understood. As researchers, we are interested in investigating the dynamics of buoyant current interactions in a series of idealized and process oriented analytical studies and laboratory experiments. The principle objective of this study is to determine the details of the cross-shore and vertical structure of buoyancy and velocity within two interacting buoyant coastal currents and their dependence on control parameters including density anomaly, current transport, bottom slope, and rotation rate. Both surface-trapped currents, which do not feel the bottom, and slope-controlled currents, which are steered by the action of the bottom boundary layer, will be examined. Analytical studies will look at the structure of coupled, geostrophically-adjusted currents. Rotating tank experiments will be conducted to track the interaction of two buoyant currents, and to test the predictions of the analytical model. The laboratory and analytical studies will complement each other allowing for a robust assessment of the final results. This study will lead to a greatly improved understanding of the dynamics of buoyant coastal currents and their interaction, and will advance our capability of modeling buoyant currents. In addition, this project will allow the transfer of extensive experience, knowledge, and expertise of Dr. Cenedese to the host institution.

Keywords: environmental science,physical oceanography,mathematical physics,fluid mechanics,geophysical fluid dynamics.
Extraordinary Leadership and Radical Change in Democracy (EXTRALEAD)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Italy
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, 2009)
Start date: 2011-09-01
End date: 2013-08-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 222053.2
EU funding (EUR): 222053.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This project aims to study how radical change in democracy is effectuated by political leadership. In the classical liberal view, democracy is associated with ordinary institutional processes, juridical continuity, entrenched interest groups, extensive de-politicization, and gradual change. But democracies do not only develop in evolutionary manner; they also experience breaks and undergo new institutional beginnings. This project is motivated by the observation that such radical changes in democracy often originate from “extraordinary” individual leaders, able to disturb normal politics and provide new beginnings. I seek to explain the parameters of such leadership, develop a model of its workings, and test this model against empirical evidence. In addition, I also aspire to build a scholarly network for the study of political leadership in the contemporary European context in a systematic and theoretically sophisticated way. This MC Fellowship will be hosted by the European University Institute and supervised by Prof. Peter Mair, an established scholar in the field of comparative politics. Working within the EUI environment, this project will allow me to achieve my major training and research goals which are the improvement of scientific expertise and research skills; the interdisciplinary transfer of knowledge; and the establishment of a broad scholarly network for the further study of political leadership in Europe. Being already an experienced researcher, this project would further enhance my individual competences and advance my standing as an independent scholar within the European research community. To the extent that today there is a growing need for studying the role of political leaders able to undertake radical constitutive changes in our contemporary democracies, the proposed research would greatly contribute to EU-based production of scientific excellence in an important area, thus supporting the further development of the European Research Area.

Keywords: political leadership,democracy,democratization,radical change,governance,contemporary history
Sexual selection and the evolutionary biology of spermatogenesis (EVOSPERM)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, 2009)
Start date: 2010-04-01
End date: 2012-03-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 180970.8
EU funding (EUR): 180970.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Spermatogenesis is of fundamental importance to reproduction and fertility, yet several of its features remain enigmatic. Why, for example, do sperm display such extraordinary morphological diversity, when their basic function differs little from one species to another? And why are sperm produced in such large quantities, vastly exceeding the number of eggs produced by females? Sexual selection, the evolutionary force proposed by Charles Darwin 150 years ago, provides the most promising framework to answer these questions. We now recognize sexual selection can modify traits such as sperm morphology and sperm numbers whenever these enhance male fertilization success in competition with other males. However, there remain significant barriers to our understanding of how these traits evolve, because we know very little about either their genetic architecture or about how selection on sperm morphology or sperm numbers impacts on the machinery of spermatogenesis. To transform our understanding in these areas, we will use the highly amenable Macrostomum flatworms as a model to understand sperm evolution. First, we will conduct a quantitative genetic analysis in M. lignano of sperm morphology and numbers, plus a broad suite of additional male and female traits that are likely to affect sperm evolution. We will assess (a) genetic variation in and correlations between these traits and (b) the genetics of phenotypic plasticity in each trait. Second, we will apply immunocytochemical techniques to explore variation in the kinetics of spermatogenesis over both ecological and evolutionary timescales. We will test for (a) phenotypic plasticity; (b) genetic variation between inbred lines; and (c) divergence between related Macrostomum species with radically different sperm production requirements. Establishing how sexual selection shapes the complex machinery and products of spermatogenesis will provide widely applicable insights into the evolutionary biology of reproduction.

Keywords: evolutionary biology,animal reproduction,genetics,phenotypic plasticity,sexual selection,sex allocation,spermatogenesis
Design of sandwich structures for sensor integration, optimisation and manufacturing of sandwich core (SANDWICH FOAM CORES)

Framework: FP7 — Cooperation
Programme: Joint Technology Initiatives (Annex IV-SP1)
Theme: Public-private partnerships
Destination: Clean Sky
Action type: Article 171 of the Treaty
Partnership: CLEAN-SKY (Art-185)
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (SP1-JTI-CS-2009-01, 2009)
Start date: 2010-01-01
End date: 2010-12-31
Duration (months): 12.0
Total project cost (EUR): 77000.0
EU funding (EUR): 41072.5
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Evonik proposes to contribute to the evaluation of the strength of foam sandwich structures, as demanded in the Call for Proposal (CfP), by providing a failure criterion, which has been designed specially for ROHACELL® foams in cooperation with the German Institute for Polymers (DKI) in Darmstadt. This criterion has been proved to deliver very accurate results in static FE calculations and might be used as a basis for extension to calculate impact and fatigue loads. Evonik has profound knowledge and experience in the field of manufacture and supply of raw and shaped foam core materials meeting the requirements of the aerospace industry, which Evonik proposes to supply as demanded in the CfP. Evonik has the facilities to produce raw foam cores as well as to shape these cores to the desired geometry, e. g. by using cutting and CNC machining equipment. Furthermore Evonik possesses the infrastructure needed for the quality control and documentation which is mandatory for aircraft applications. ROHACELL® foams offer superior heat and pressure stability up to 180°C and 7 bar as well as a one hundred percent closed cell structure, which eliminates excessive resin absorption and thus reduces overall weight. Evonik possesses an autoclave, which is proposed be used for the manufacture of sandwich panels, e.g. using prepreg face sheets. Evonik proposes to contribute to the development of special design rules considering SHM-requirements, as demanded in the CfP.
How protein complexes recognize and modify chromatin: Structural studies on MSL1-MSL3-MOF Dosage Compensation Complex bound to nucleosomes (MSL1-MSL3-MOF)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, 2009)
Start date: 2011-10-01
End date: 2013-09-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 172740.8
EU funding (EUR): 172740.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Metazoa evolved homogametic and heterogametic sexes. In heterogametic sexes one of the two sex chromosomes underwent loss of essential genes and molecular mechanisms evolved to compensate for this loss. In fruit flies, males up-regulate the transcription levels of many genes on the only sex chromosome by 2-fold. This effect is associated with acetylation of H4K16 mediated by MOF, the catalytic subunit of the Dosage Compensation Complex (DCC). The DCC can be narrowed down to the MSL1-MSL3-MOF complex (MW=280kDa). MSL1 and MSL3 enhance MOF catalysis, probably by inducing a conformational change in the enzyme, and guide its substrate recognition, by an unknown mechanism. To answer these questions I propose to solve the three-dimensional structure of the MOF-MSL1-MSL3 complex and compare it to the structure of MOF alone. Moreover, I propose to elucidate the three-dimensional structure of the MSL1-MSL3-MOF/nucleosomes complex (MW=400kDa) using a combination of X-ray crystallography and electron microscopy. MOF belongs to the family of MYST acetyl-transferases involved in many nuclear processes such as DNA damage response and transcription. The structure of MSL1-MSL3-MOF bound to nucleosomes will reveal how MYST enzymes function. More in general, the DCC can be regarded as a powerful molecular tool to understand how chromatin-remodelling complexes recognize nucleosomes and modify them.

Keywords: natural sciences,biology,structural biology
Combined structural and electronic characterization of semiconductor nanowire devices on the atomic scale using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (NANOWIREDEVICESTM)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Sweden
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, 2009)
Start date: 2011-01-01
End date: 2012-12-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 179169.4
EU funding (EUR): 179169.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Free-standing III-V semiconductor nanowires, with diameters of about 20 to 80 nm at a length of several µm, offer tremendous possibilities for application in photovoltaics, optoelectronics, information technology as well as life-science. Semiconductor nanowire devices are not only smaller than conventional structures and significantly power-saving, but can even exhibit qualitatively novel behavior. Due to the small size and the very large surface to bulk ratio, the nanowire surface has a crucial influence on the performance of the entire device. Up to now, the conductivity and other electric properties of single nanowire devices on one hand and the nanowire crystal and surface structure on the other hand could only be measured separately. Here, we will combine both approaches in a novel experimental setup, enabling us to achieve information on the atomic surface structure and local electronic properties of an individual nanowire as well as the global electric behavior of a device built by the same nanowire simultaneously. For this purpose, we will study single, individually contacted semiconductor nanowires using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM), obtaining data on e.g. the chemical composition and atomic reconstruction of the nanowire surface as well as the local density of states and local variations of the band alignment. During these STM measurements, external source, drain and gate voltages can be applied to the nanowire device, revealing the complex interaction of the nanowire surface, local charge distribution, and global device performance like conductivity and other transport properties.

Keywords: physics of semiconductors,surface physics,electron-based nano-devices,semiconductor nanowires,scanning tunneling microscopy,scanning tunneling spectroscopy
Crenarchaeota ecology and nutrient utilization in the subsurface ocean (CAENEUS) (CAENEUS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Austria
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, 2009)
Start date: 2010-06-01
End date: 2012-05-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 163622.8
EU funding (EUR): 163622.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Over the past 10 years, it become apparent that Crenarchaeota are not only striving in some extreme environments but that they are ubiquitously present in the aquatic and terrestrial environment including the oceanic water column. In the pelagic realm of the ocean, their relative contribution to the total prokaryotic abundance increases with depth. It has been shown that the mesophilic Marine Crenarchaeota Group I (MCGI) live chemoautotrophically, fixing carbon dioxide as carbon source and using ammonia as an energy source. Based on the abundance of the amoA gene, encoding the ammonia monoxygenase, a key enzyme common to all nitrifiers, it has been deduced that they might be more important nitrifiers than Bacteria. This has never been tested thus far, however. In this proposal, we will investigate the enigma of this MCGI cluster is utilizing ammonia in the deep ocean, where ammonia concentrations are below the detection limit using conventional analytical methods. We will determine the distribution of archaeal and bacterial amoA gene abundance throughout the water column down to abyssopelagic realms in the northern North Atlantic and the tropical Atlantic and distinguish between archaeal and bacterial nitrification and dark CO2 fixation rates. Using three different single-cell approaches in a correlative way, we will specifically focus on the potential shifts in the phylogenetic composition of the MCGI cluster and its autotrophic activity with depth, as ammonia concentrations are probably below the nanomolar level in bathypelagic waters. Taken together, we will determine for the first time, the relative importance of archaeal vs. bacterial nitrification in the ocean. By focusing on two Atlantic sites with contrasting age of deep-water masses and accompanied to that, contrasting deep-water ammonia concentrations, we will be able to investigate the entire range of diversity and metabolic adaptation in Marine Crenarchaeota Group I.

Keywords: deep sea,atlantic,archaea,bacteria,microbial activity,nitrification
Functional genetic characterization of a mouse model of Glioma (FGCMOG)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, 2009)
Start date: 2010-08-01
End date: 2012-07-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 161248.8
EU funding (EUR): 161248.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

There is a limited understanding of critical oncogenes and oncosuppressors of human brain tumors, which are often lethal within monthly frames. In order to better understand brain tumor homeostasis, we aim to apply unbiased functional genomics and synthetic lethality screenings to a mouse models of Glioma, and to validate such screenings using human Glioma cell lines. On the long term, this study may provide more effective prognostic factors and pharmacological targets for brain cancer treatment.

Keywords: health sciences,cancer research,developmental biology,neural stem cells,human glioma,bmi1,functional genomics,synthetic lethal screens
Conceptualizing representative democracy in the EU polity by re-thinking classical key conceptual clusters for the EU multi-level polity (EUPOLCON)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Finland
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, 2009)
Start date: 2010-12-01
End date: 2014-03-24
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 177952.0
EU funding (EUR): 177952.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Aims of the research project: The interdisciplinary project aims at a thematic set of post-Habilitation studies of the applicant in co-operation with senior scholars from the host institute. More specifically, the aims are 1) To sketch a conceptual framework for representative democracy in the European Union developed in a broad historical perspective of political thought and conceptual change through the analysis of key texts of classical and modern political thinking. The conceptual framework is constructed around three key conceptual clusters (state-government-policy-polity; parliament-representation-politicians; citizens-subjects) as thematic perspectives. There clusters are both challenged by European integration and discussed in the debates on the character of the EU. 2) To extend the methodological insights of conceptual history on the contingent and controversial character of political concepts to past and present debates on the EU as a changing polity 3) To establish a disciplinary link between conceptual history, Democratisation studies and European integration studies, supported by insights from constitutional law, philosophy, history and linguistics

Keywords: conceptual history,eu studies,democratisation studies,political philosophy,representative democracy