Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
UNRAVELING THE EFFECTS OF SURFACE PROPERTIES ON FUNDAMENTAL MECHANISMS IN BOILING HEAT TRANSFER (SurfProHeat)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Global Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Information Science and Engineering
Countries involved: United States,United Kingdom
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2020, 2020)
Start date: 2023-01-01
End date: 2025-06-30
Duration (months): 30.0
Total project cost (EUR): 230416.32
EU funding (EUR): 230416.32
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

The project aims to gain a new understanding on the effects of the surface properties on fundamental mechanisms in boiling heat transfer. The insight gained will provide guidelines for designing smart surfaces for more efficient and safer thermal applications. The approach consists in tackling the problem with the most advanced experimental diagnostic and sophisticated numerical simulations. The researcher demonstrates to have a clear foundation to successfully develop the project because of his solid background in two-phase heat transfer, his proficiency in measurement techniques, his strong expertise in nanotechnology and his very good computational skills. MIT and UoB are outfitted respectively with unique and ad-hoc experimental and numerical capabilities to achieve the objectives of the proposal. The fellowship will boost the researcher’s expertise towards a position of excellence by enhancing his experimental skills with cutting-edge techniques and diversifying his profile with numerical techniques and transferable skills valuable for his career prospects. The fellowship will establish a new network between the organizations and increase the internationalization of the researcher aiming to become an independent and mature research leader. The project fits into different pillars of Horizon 2020: 1) Societal Challenges: Secure, clean, and efficient energy. It aims to provide new knowledge to increase the efficiency and enhance the safety of different energy processes (important for reducing the CO2 emissions); 2) Excellence Science: Future and Emerging Technologies. It aims to identify the surface effects on heat transfer mechanisms, which could be exploited for developing new energy technologies; 3) Industrial Leadership: Nanotechnologies, Advanced Materials, Advanced Manufacturing and Processing, and Biotechnology. It involves nanotechnology to engineer the surfaces that could be scaled up to industrial applications.
Photocatalytic Generation of CarbAnions for Organic Synthesis (PHAROS)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Panel description: New materials and new synthetic approaches, structure-properties relations, solid state chemistry, molecular architecture, organic chemistry
Countries involved: Germany
Call: ERC Advanced Grant (ERC-2016-ADG, 2016)
Start date: 2017-09-01
End date: 2022-08-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2458200.0
EU funding (EUR): 2458200.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Light is a fascinating reagent for chemistry as it provides energy to drive reactions, but leaves no trace. In visible light photoredox catalysis the initial electron transfer from the excited dye to a substrate yields radical anion or radical intermediates, which dominate the subsequent chemistry. Carbanions, which are the most important nucleophiles in organic chemistry, are typically not available from photocatalysis. The project PHAROS aims to overcome the current limitation of visible light photocatalysis to radical chemistry and extend its use to carbon nucleophiles. To obtain carbanions for organic synthesis using visible light, we propose three specific project tasks: 1) We develop the next generation of visible light photocatalysts extending the current energetic limit of bond activation required for carbanion generation. This task is based on our recently developed consecutive photoinduced electron transfer (conPET) strategy accumulating the energy of more than one photon for synthesis. Now, the reduction power is further increased reaching potentials of alkali metals and allowing sequential two-electron transfers as needed for preparing carbanions. 2) This technology is then used to generate carbanions from neutral starting materials by visible light photoinduced one- or two-electron transfer. The concept allows a light-driven synthetic carbanion chemistry without the stoichiometric use of reducing reagents, such as magnesium, zinc or lithium. 3) Faster and cleaner reactions, longer catalyst lifetimes and selective photocatalytic sequences are achieved by sensitized photocatalysts and pulsed light excitation. This will enhance the overall energy efficiency of photoredox catalysis facilitating practical applications. The energy of visible light provides the redox energy to generate carbanions for organic synthesis and thereby broadens the synthetic use of the most abundant and sustainable energy source on earth, visible light.

Keywords: carbanion,electron transfer,photoredox catalysis,visible light
Women’s cancers: do variations in patterns of care explain the world-wide inequalities in survival and avoidable premature deaths? (VENUSCANCER)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Consolidator grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Panel description: Medical technologies and tools for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of human diseases, therapeutic approaches and interventions, pharmacology, preventative medicine, epidemiology and public health, digital medicine
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call: ERC Consolidator Grant (ERC-2017-COG, 2017)
Start date: 2018-05-01
End date: 2024-04-30
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1996483.0
EU funding (EUR): 1996483.0
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

Opening the World Cancer Congress in Paris in November 2016, President François Hollande insisted that women should be at the heart of cancer control, “because they are victims of inequality in access to prevention, treatment and screening in every country in the world.” Breast, ovarian and cervical cancers are a major public health problem world-wide. Each year, approximately 2.5 million women are diagnosed with one of these cancers, and 900,000 women die from them, mainly in low- and middle-income countries. The CONCORD programme for global surveillance of cancer survival reported striking differences in survival from these three cancers. Population-based cancer survival is a key measure of the overall effectiveness of health systems in dealing with cancer, from early diagnosis to comprehensive investigation and optimal treatment. I will exploit the CONCORD data base, as follows: • Access primary medical records in selected high- and low-income countries to collect more detailed data on stage at diagnosis, staging investigations, morphology, grade, prognostic bio-markers and treatment, for the most recent year during 2010-2014 for which data are available • Analyse the distributions of stage and treatment (“patterns of care”) • Estimate 1- and 5-year survival trends by stage, histological group and/or molecular subtype • Quantify inequalities in survival as the number of premature deaths that would be avoidable if survival in a given country (region) were equal to that in a neighbouring country with higher survival. This ground-breaking work will show that it is possible (a) to collect high-quality, complete clinical information at population level even in low- and middle-income countries; (b) to explain the striking inequalities in women’s cancer survival world-wide, and (c) to summarise these inequalities in a single number (avoidable deaths) as a powerful tool that motivates policymakers to reduce inequalities in survival.
Ubiqutek Electrical Weed Control (UEWC): An advanced electrical weed control device to be integrated with existing agricultural equipment, yielding a zero chemical, organic result at a reduced cost (UEWC)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Societal Challenges
Programme: Food security, sustainable agriculture and forestry, marine and maritime and inland water research and the bioeconomy
Action type: SME instrument
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call: Resource-efficient eco-innovative food production and processing (H2020-SMEINST-1-2015, 2015)
Start date: 2015-12-01
End date: 2016-02-29
Duration (months): 3.0
Total project cost (EUR): 71429.0
EU funding (EUR): 50000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Reduced herbicides! Ubiqutek presents the first to market agricultural electrical weed control, Ubiqutek Glide a cost-effective, safe to use and environmentally friendly solution to be integrated to existing technology manufacturer’s platforms. Benefiting the agricultural market, Glide successfully controls weeds, whilst reducing operational costs and the industries use of herbicides and replacing with an organic process that maintains soil moisture and nutrients and increases the markets operational capability. Having already developed Ubiqutek Touch, a horticultural and amenity electronic weed control device that has been well received by the market, we are well placed to adapt our technology for the agricultural market. Weeds are controlled largely for food production, although there are numerous applications for aesthetic, safety and recreational purposes. End users can range from individual farmers through to large civic authorities. Weed control is economically significant: removing weed control from food production could cost the UK economy €99.3Bn, whilst dealing with invasive species in the UK in 2010 cost €2.41bn. With herbicides being legislated against and given the increasing global food requirements, alternative weed control technology is essential in the prevention of unsustainable food inflation. This Horizon 2020 Phase 1 project will allow us to establish contact with European agricultural manufacturers of existing platform technology and establish their need for this technology in the marketplace they operate in and the size of their market place, validating our technology and confirming our route to market. We will also complete IP protection activities and prepare for Phase 2 application.

Keywords: electrical weed control,agriculture,arable,organic,automated,zero chemical
Feature-gating in superior colliculus (FeaGatSu)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Life Sciences
Countries involved: Belgium
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2017, 2017)
Start date: 2018-06-01
End date: 2020-05-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 172800.0
EU funding (EUR): 172800.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Imagine a huge elephant rushing towards you; your first instinct is – run! This innate escape response is triggered by visual cues, here, a fast expanding object, and crucially depends on the extraction of few relevant features. The processing of visual information starts in the retina where more than 40 types of retinal ganglion cells extract salient features from the visual scene. Information about these features is sent to downstream brain areas. A central node where retinal signals are integrated is the superior colliculus. This evolutionary-conserved brain area controls innate behaviors, directly linking the outputs of the retina with the activation of motor outputs and behavior. In mice, escape behaviors can be initiated upon activation of a single cell type of superior colliculus, wide-field neurons. They receive inputs from a subset of retinal ganglion cell types and respond preferentially to two distinct visual stimuli, slow moving dots and quickly expanding disks, each known to trigger defensive behaviors. However, the computational strategy used by collicular neurons to process feature-selective retinal inputs remains unknown. In the proposed project, I will identify the mechanisms by which retinal features are integrated in collicular wide-field neurons. I will combine transsynaptic viral circuit tracing with two-photon calcium imaging to identify and characterize the feature-selective inputs from retinal ganglion cells (in-vitro) and functional outputs of wide-field neurons (in-vivo). The results of these experiments will allow me to deduce how the output features of wide-field neurons arise from the retinal inputs using computational modeling and neural decoding techniques. This will reveal the circuit and computational principles by which retinal feature-selectivity drives complex circuit function in central brain regions.

Keywords: visual processing,retina,superior colliculus,information transfer,feature selectivity,viral tracing,calcium imaging,computational modeling
Cultures of dairying: gene-culture-microbiome evolution and the ancient invention of dairy foods (DAIRYCULTURES)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: The study of the human past
Panel description: Archaeology, history and memory
Countries involved: Germany
Call: ERC Starting Grant (ERC-2018-STG, 2018)
Start date: 2018-11-01
End date: 2023-10-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1499988.0
EU funding (EUR): 1499988.0
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

Summary: Dairy products are nutritional resources of global economic importance, and their emergence in prehistory marks a major shift in human dietary ecology. However, basic questions regarding the origins and role of dairying in early human societies remain poorly understood. It is now known that adult hypolactasia (the inability to digest milk sugar) is an ancestral human trait, and that relatively few human populations have genetic variants that allow continued milk digestion into adulthood, a trait known as lactase persistence (LP). The rise of LP has been regarded as a classic example of gene-culture evolution; however, the association between LP and lactose intolerance phenotypes is variable, and LP genotypes do not consistently appear in the archaeological record until more than 5,000 years after the origins of dairying. This has left archaeologists with a puzzling problem, a “milk paradox” regarding how and why ancient peoples developed milk into a dietary resource, how the Bronze Age steppe migrations contributed to the spread of dairying across Eurasia, and what other factors besides LP may have been involved this process. There is now a growing body of evidence that microbes have played important, yet overlooked, roles in the successful establishment of prehistoric dairying economies. This study seeks to answer fundamental questions about the prehistory of dairying by focusing on Mongolia, a country where as much as 80% of the rural diet derives from dairy products, and where dairying has been practiced for more than 3,500 years. Specifically, cutting-edge genomics techniques will be used to identify the origins of Mongolian dairy livestock, proteomics techniques will be used to refine methods for detecting milk proteins in archaeological Mongolian dental calculus, and metagenomics techniques will be used to test hypotheses regarding the relationship between the gut microbiome, lactose digestion, and LP genotypes in nomadic Mongolian dairy herders.

Keywords: ancient dna,paleodiet,human microbiome,dairy livestock,mongolia
Exploring Tribal Representation across American Indian-produced radio in US Reservation and Urban Contexts (TRR)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Global Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Social Sciences and Humanities
Countries involved: United States,United Kingdom
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2018, 2018)
Start date: 2019-09-16
End date: 2021-09-15
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 189099.84
EU funding (EUR): 189099.84
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

This comparative research into tribal radio representation identifies and analyses indigenous communication strategies in American Indian community radio to explore how community radio practices and structures can facilitate meaningful self-representation in contexts where indigenous groups are marginalised. Through this analysis, this research seeks to update understanding of ways in which indigenous radio stations avail of and deploy emergent material developments, including podcasting and streaming technologies alongside ‘low power’ broadcasting. Drawing on the inclusive principles of Participatory Action Research (Tacchi et al 2003), research findings will be discussed on-site with tribal communities to share examples of good practice. This collaborative approach will enable tribal members to avail of findings and to provide input into research outcomes in a reciprocal process. Proposed research outputs will span academic, public, and indigenous media contexts in order to widen the benefits of this research for media and sociology scholars, indigenous practitioners, and policymakers. The research focus on indigenous communication strategies is of direct value for EU cultural and social contexts, in which established indigenous communities continue to be significantly under-represented in much of Europe’s mainstream media.

Keywords: indigenous,radio,community,cultural production,production practice,inclusivity
Biomimetic Copper Complexes for Energy Conversion Reactions (Cu4Energy)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Physical and analytical chemical sciences
Panel description: Analytical chemistry, chemical theory, physical chemistry/chemical physics
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call: ERC Starting Grant (ERC-2014-STG, 2014)
Start date: 2015-05-01
End date: 2020-04-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1500000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1500000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Water oxidation (WO) and oxygen reduction (OR) are crucial reactions to produce and to consume solar fuels. It is important that WO and OR occur with very high catalytic rates with only a very small thermodynamic driving force (i.e. a small overpotential). In these terms, natural catalysts perform significantly better than the artificial systems. Especially the copper enzyme Laccase operates fast at a low overpotential. In principle one could use the same design principles used in the enzymatic systems to produce artificial catalysts for OR and WO. It is envisioned that for the most ideal OR and WO catalysts: 1. all redox reactions within the catalytic cycle should occur as close as possible to the thermodynamic potential where OR and WO become accessible. 2. Equilibria that are not coupled to redox reactions need to be biased for product formation. 3. Proton shuttles are necessary to manage proton transfer concerted with electron-transfer and electron-transfer coupled to O–O bond cleavage or O–O bond formation. In this proposal molecular copper catalysts for OR and WO are studied by means of a combined electrochemical and computational approach, taking in account the design principles above. Experiments will be carried out wherein the structure of the catalyst is linked to the observed catalytic activity and the potential energy surface of the catalytic cycle. The proposal is in particular focused on the rate-determining step of the catalytic reaction, as improvements here will directly lead to enhanced catalytic rates. A functional model system of Laccase will be designed to study the rate limiting proton-and-electron-coupled O–O bond scission reaction, which is the rate limiting step in OR by Laccase. The aim of the proposal is to significantly increase of fundamental understanding of the design principles for molecular OR and WO catalysts and to deliver new and very active molecular copper catalysts for OR and WO at the end of the project.

Keywords: coordination chemistry,homogeneous catalysis
Renewable materials and healthy environments research and innovation centre of excellence (InnoRenew CoE) (InnoRenew CoE)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Spreading excellence and widening participation
Programme: Widening participation and spreading excellence
Theme: Improved access to Excellence
Action type: Framework Partnership Agreement
Countries involved: Germany,Slovenia,Slovenia,Slovenia
Call: Teaming (H2020-WIDESPREAD-2014-1, 2014)
Start date: 2015-04-24
End date: 2020-04-23
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 0.0
EU funding (EUR): 0.0
Participants: 10
Project status: CLOSED

With excellence in research, innovation, and application into economy and society, the new Centre of Excellence, Renewable materials and healthy environments research and innovation centre of excellence (InnoRenew CoE) will improve sustainable building practices by combining the existing concepts with the Restorative Environmental Design (RED) paradigm, which combines sustainable building practices with biophilic design. This will increase the competitive advantages of the affiliated renewable resource-based construction industry, and create innovation and market pull for RED-based materials and products (holistic living environment). Consequently, innovation and market pull for material recovery and higher added value renewable resource based and energy carriers will be initiated. Research and development activities will seek the optimal intersection of performance and sustainability, including economic, environmental and societal indicators. With support and guidance from the advanced partner, Fraunhofer WKI, scientific research and development activities will be transferred profitably and efficiently to the industry and through them to society in the form of innovative new products and processes.

Keywords: renewable resources,renewable materials,building materials,building systems,built environment,human well being,innovation,living laboratories,ergonomic design