Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Opening sub-ice shelf cavities and exploring their impact on dense water Production and Export in NEMO global ocean models (OPEN)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Environment and Geosciences
Countries involved: France
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2019, 2019)
Start date: 2020-10-01
End date: 2022-09-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 196707.84
EU funding (EUR): 196707.84
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Project OPEN (Opening sub-ice shelf cavities and exploring their impact on dense water Production and Export in NEMO global ocean models) will work to improve our understanding of the role that the under ice shelf seas play in influencing Antarctic water mass characteristics and circulation. Currently none of the climate models used to inform the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) simulate sub-ice shelf cavities, thereby excluding the role of ice-ocean interactions in their reports. An essential piece of the puzzle is thus missing from the Earth system projections that are used to inform climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies. NEMO ocean model has recently developed the capacity to explicitly represent circulation under ice shelves, thereby enabling an investigation into the influence of introducing these key processes on global ocean circulation and hence climate. We hypothesise that the sub-ice shelf cavities have a major impact on dense water production and Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) characteristics. AABW is the densest and deepest global water mass and constitutes the lower limb of the overturning circulation, transporting heat, carbon, oxygen and nutrients around our planet’s oceans. Given the vital role that AABW plays in ocean and climate regulation, obtaining a better understanding of the dynamics at its source region, and improving model capacity to simulate these processes is a scientific top priority. The recently developed NEMO configurations including sub-ice shelf cavities are the ideal tools for this investigation and we propose to utilize these to explore dense water production and export. Project OPEN will place a postdoctoral fellow with extensive observational expertise in a group of modelling experts at Sorbonne Université, thereby facilitating a mutually beneficial exchange of skills between the fellow and the host and enabling the timely advancement of this new field of ocean science.

Keywords: southern ocean,water mass,circulation,ocean model,ice shelf,ice ocean interactions,meridional overturning circulation,climate
Novel mechanisms of early defense against virus infections (ENVISION)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy
Panel description: The immune system, related disorders and their mechanisms, biology of infectious agents and infection, biological basis of prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, innovative immunological tools and approaches, including therapies
Countries involved: Denmark
Call: ERC Advanced Grant (ERC-2017-ADG, 2017)
Start date: 2018-12-01
End date: 2024-11-30
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2480338.0
EU funding (EUR): 2480338.0
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

Virus-induced type I interferons (IFN) have classically been considered to constitute the first line of defense against virus infections However, recent work by us and others has identified early antiviral actions that occur independently of inducible type I and III IFN expression and sometimes even prior to IFN action (e.g. Iversen,...., Paludan. Nature Immunology, 2016; Paludan. Trends in Immunology, 2016). These discoveries challenge the current thinking in the field that IFNs constitute the first line of defense. Hence, there is an urgent need for more detailed understanding of the immediate antiviral defense mechanisms. Most importantly, we remain to identify key players in IFN-independent antiviral responses, we completely lack insight into the mechanisms that govern these responses, and we also lack information on the importance of this layer of defense in mice and humans. In accord with this, my proposal follows four aims: (i) Identification of mechanisms of virus detection at epithelial surfaces, (ii) elucidation of the role of tonic IFN signaling in antiviral defense, (iii) identification and characterization of novel restriction factors, and (iv) deciphering the mechanisms that govern induction of the first wave of IFNs at epithelial surfaces. In addition, I will also explore the interactions between the early antiviral actions. To achieve the goals, I will combine unbiased genome-wide screens with hypothesis-driven approaches, and will integrate molecular biology/genetics/biochemistry with advanced cell culture systems, animal science and analysis of patient material. Strong preliminary data have been generated for all four aims, and world-leading collaborations are in place, hence minimizing the risks, and allowing fast progress. Our findings will (i) change the thinking in innate immunology by uncovering a novel layer of antiviral defense and (ii) provide new avenues for therapeutic modulation of immune responses.

Keywords: innate immunology,virus infections,pathogen recognition,type i ifn,muscosal immunology
VERy high Throughput Satellite-Ground Optical Link (VERTIGO)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Industrial Leadership
Programme: Space
Theme: Enabling advances in space technology
Action type: Research and Innovation actions
Countries involved: Germany,Germany,Switzerland,Greece,France,France,France,United Kingdom
Call: Satellite communication technologies (H2020-SPACE-2018, 2018)
Start date: 2019-06-01
End date: 2022-11-30
Duration (months): 42.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2998837.5
EU funding (EUR): 2998836.25
Participants: 9
Project status: SIGNED

Next-generation satellite systems will be essential to bridge the digital divide and offer high speed connectivity for all by 2025. Optical feeder links are the most advanced communication solution to the future VHTS system requirements. VERTIGO ambition is to establish the required breakthrough by developing the on-board and ground concepts and technologies enabling for a drastic increase of the link throughput towards and beyond 1 Tbps. VERTIGO is set to meet three major objectives: 1) Throughput increase: while current space optical comms use 1bit/symb modulation formats, VERTIGO will prove advanced schemes with higher spectral and power efficiency, including RF-over-Fiber approach. 2) High optical power generation: to close the demanding link budgets, VERTIGO will develop on-board and ground means to raise the transmitted optical power, not only based on amplifier power increase, but also on incoherent/coherent power combining. 3) Mitigation of atmospheric propagation impairments, to make full use of throughput and power increases. Opto-mechanical techniques using adaptive optics and aperture diversity, and digital processing (error correction coding/interleaving) will be developed to enhance the robustness of future optical feeder links. This unprecedented combination of concepts will result in leading-edge system solutions. Full-scale demonstrations will prove the expected end-to-end performance. VERTIGO ambitions to pave the way towards very high throughput satellite systems and contribute to maintain EU technological leading edge and industry competitiveness. VERTIGO consortium is composed of the different parties of the supply chain, from technology providers to satellite equipment and system vendors, and satellite operator as an advisor. VERTIGO gathers well-established industrial companies, R&D centers and SMEs, allowing for efficient technology transfer, quick take-up of last research results, and dissemination throughout the space community and beyond.

Keywords: high speed connectivity,optical feeder links,vhts system requirements
Populist rebellion against modernity in 21st-century Eastern Europe: neo-traditionalism and neo-feudalism (POPREBEL)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Societal Challenges
Programme: Europe in a changing world - inclusive, innovative and reflective societies
Theme: Inclusive societies
Action type: Research and Innovation actions
Countries involved: Estonia,Estonia,Serbia,Hungary,Poland,Czechia,United Kingdom
Call: Addressing populism and boosting civic and democratic engagement (H2020-SC6-GOVERNANCE-2018, 2018)
Start date: 2019-01-01
End date: 2022-12-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2997961.25
EU funding (EUR): 2997961.25
Participants: 7
Project status: SIGNED

POPREBEL is an inter-disciplinary consortium of researchers focused on explaining and contextualising the recent rise of populism in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). While populism is a phenomenon that has by now emerged in almost every democracy, we believe that regional and cultural-historical dimensions need to be considered in order to improve not only scholarly knowledge, but also policy recommendations. It is urgent for Western Europeans to look into the CEE mirror, just as it is urgent for the CEE region to understand itself. To this end, we will create a typology of populism’s various manifestations, reconstruct trajectories of its growth and decline, investigate its causes, interpret its meanings, diagnose its consequences, and propose policy solutions. Our focus is on CEE, but we engage in comparisons with populisms elsewhere, particularly Western Europe. While scholars from different disciplines have looked at populism, we argue that the full potential of interdisciplinary research has not been achieved yet. We draw on data and models from various disciplines and combine them into a rich study of forces at play. In addition to established methods of economics, sociology, and cultural studies, at the heart of our approach is a novel methodology whose essence is a large-scale, Europe-wide, multi-lingual online conversation. This is a listening exercise; its aim is a deep understanding of everyday life in Europe challenged by the rise of populism. The method to process this unique ethnographic material is semantic social network analysis. POPREBEL relies on foresight/future studies, deep involvement with activists, policy makers, and civil society actors to boost the immune system of European democracy. We develop scenarios and share them with all interested parties to reflect, in public debate, on how well they fit both in the CEE region and the rest of Europe. Our focus is not just scholarly; the project serves as a platform for mutual learning.

Keywords: thin and thick populism,neo traditionalism,neo feudalism,semantic social network analysis
The Effect of Active Labour Market Policies on the Behaviour and Employability of Benefit Claimants (ALMP)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Economic Sciences
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call: Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships (IF-EF) (H2020-MSCA-IF-2014, 2014)
Start date: 2016-01-01
End date: 2017-12-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 183454.8
EU funding (EUR): 183454.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This project studies the impact of Active Labour Market Policies (ALMPs) on the transition from unemployment to employment as well as on the behaviour of the unemployed. It will be based on two Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) and freshly-released data from the IZA Evaluation dataset. The RCTs are carried out with our partner organization, the British Department for Work and Pensions (DWP). In the RCTs, factors such as frequency of meetings between the unemployed and the job coach, content of invitation letters, will be varied “at random” across large samples of benefit claimants. In impact evaluation studies, RCTs help us to overcome several problems that would prevent us to make causal inferences. The design and analysis will benefit from methodological expertise built up in medical statistics, in which methodological issues that often receive less attention in economics have been dealt with more extensively. The project is also inspired by strategies developed in the literature on tax compliance and by methodological insights from sociology on survey design. In the last component, the project will consider data from cognitive tests developed in psychology and introduced in the recent behavioural economics literature to investigate whether there is heterogeneity in unemployment duration across people with different cognitive skills, and to check whether a completely different approach to investigate a similar research question as in the second component leads to similar results. The large sample sizes will give us a unique opportunity to study heterogeneous effects and make progress in profiling the unemployed, hereby making use of novel statistical techniques co-developed at the Department of Economics at the University of Sheffield. The project will shed light on an important, though under researched, topic in labour economics, namely whether or not interventions might become less effective the later they are implemented in the unemployment spell.

Keywords: active labour market policies,randomized control trials,monitoring and counseling
Immunological and Microbiota Priming of the Response to Infection (IMPRINT)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Life Sciences
Countries involved: France
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2020, 2020)
Start date: 2022-03-21
End date: 2024-03-20
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 196707.84
EU funding (EUR): 196707.84
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

Humans acquire a complex community of intestinal microorganisms in early life (gut microbiota), which helps development of the immune system, and which may reduce risk of inflammatory disease. However, these complex microbiota-immune interactions in early life are underexplored and their subsequent influence on susceptibility to infection remains unknown. The Eberl lab recently reported that a temporary intestinal inflammatory state, termed the ‘weaning reaction’, occurs in mice during a specific window in early life (2-4 weeks) in response to the rapid diversification of the gut microbiota. During weaning, the gut microbiota and its metabolites induce a sub-type of T regulatory cells in the intestine (RORγt+ Tregs) which mediate immune tolerance throughout life. Suppression of the microbiota-induced weaning reaction suppresses RORγt+ Tregs and heightens susceptibility to immunopathology such as allergy and colitis in adulthood. However, it is unknown how the weaning reaction influences the later susceptibility and response to infection. IMPRINT will investigate how the gut microbiota influences the immune system in early life to regulate the response to infection in adulthood. Using mice, this project will evaluate the impact of suppressing the weaning reaction on susceptibility to Citrobacter rodentium infection in adulthood. Next, Treg depletion models will be used to examine whether microbiota-induced Tregs during weaning influence susceptibility to C. rodentium infection in adulthood. Finally, metagenomics, metabolomics and add-back experiments will be performed to identify specific bacteria or metabolites that promote induction of Tregs during weaning and modulate subsequent susceptibility to C. rodentium infection. By combining my skills in metagenomics and metabolomics with the host lab’s expertise in intestinal immunology, IMPRINT poses potential to uncover insights into early-life microbiota-immune interactions and the pathogenesis of infectious disease.

Keywords: microbiome,microbiota,treg,th17,colon,short chain fatty acids
Affordable CFD simulation software for SMEs in the transportation industry (SENSE)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Societal Challenges
Programme: Smart, green and integrated transport
Action type: SME instrument
Countries involved: Austria
Call: Small business innovation research for Transport and Smart Cities Mobility (H2020-SMEINST-2-2016-2017, 2017)
Start date: 2017-09-01
End date: 2019-08-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1414650.0
EU funding (EUR): 990255.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

CFD simulation tools are key in the automotive industry, as they lead to faster development times, lower costs, higher added value and higher overall innovation capabilities. However, their complexity (requiring highly specialized engineers for preparation and data interpretation) and high license/hardware costs hinder their implementation by a larger number of companies, as SMEs cannot afford such investments. In response to this need identified by our customers in the automotive industry (Audi, Magna, AVL) for affordable and user-friendly CFD software, at ESS Steyr we are developing SENSE: an innovative modular CFD solver which uses Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) running on GPUs. The use of SPH together with our intuitive GUI simplifies the process, compared to the Finite Element Method and Finite Volume Method used in most current CFD tools, eliminating time consuming pre- and post-processing and reducing simulation run times to 1/10th. As the first modular CFD solution in the market, SENSE provides SENSE users easy-to-use modules targeted at the one application they require, optimized to their needs and with pre-set boundary conditions, instead of having to buy complex, predefined toolboxes with features they will never use. Moreover, as it runs on GPUs instead of CPUs, hardware requirements are much lower, reducing costs from € 400,000 to € 40,000. In this way, we aim to disrupt the automotive market by facilitating the SMEs in the industry (over 2,500 only in Europe) with the access to the much-needed simulation software in their day-to-day operations: with SENSE, SMEs will operate more cost- and time efficient, become more competitive and be at the forefront of innovation, thereby boosting the efficiency and competitiveness of the European Automotive Industry. In addition, SENSE will also boost the growth of our company, enabling revenues of €85.87 million, a Return of Investment of 8.4 and triplicating our current staff by 2023.

Keywords: simulation software,smoothed particle hydrodynamics,computational fluid dynamics,automotive,supply chain
Imaginative Landscapes of Islamist Politics Across the Balkan-to-Bengal Complex (TAKHAYYUL)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: The Social World and Its Diversity
Panel description: Sociology, social psychology, social anthropology, education sciences, communication studies
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call: ERC Starting Grant (ERC-2019-STG, 2019)
Start date: 2020-07-01
End date: 2025-12-31
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1478655.0
EU funding (EUR): 1416916.25
Participants: 2
Project status: SIGNED

Imagination and dreams are often at the heart of political formations. The dream of reviving the Islamic empires has gained the Islamist political actors currency and a large following in the homes of the three greatest Islamic Empires (aka Islamdom: Ottoman, Safavid, Mughal/Timurid), even though the most recent of these ceased to exist almost a hundred years ago. Today, Islamist actors, across what is now called the Balkan-to-Bengal complex, tap into their followers’ various historical references, religious cosmologies, nationalist resentments, and other affective and imaginative registers to further their politics at the most ambitious scale, to resurrect the empire. In the former centres of Islamic Empires, the imaginative references emerge with elements of imperial nostalgia, post-imperial malaise, and political rage. The existing work has failed to capture the interconnected imaginative forces in the formation of Islamist politics for the following reasons: A) The region does not fit into foci of area studies. B) Eurocentric theories are limited to grasp and analyse the imaginative forces. This project builds on an Islamic concept takhayyul: terrestrial imagination that informs both doxastic and futuristic thinking towards developing an Islamic shared vision. C) An anthropological work with its fine-grained ethnographic method and comparative heritage, is poised to make a substantive contribution for the first time to excavate the imaginative forces in the formation of Islamist imperial dreams. The project aims: 1) To lay the conceptual ground for an anthropology of imagination, by developing the in-depth and comparative formulation of the concept takhayyul. 2) To expand anthropological knowledge on Islamisms by pushing against the limits of modernist rationality; instead, exploring the historical, ethical, and aesthetic. 3) To experiment with an innovative comparative research design that combines historical and ethnographic excavations on the imaginative.

Keywords: islamist politics,imagination