Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Pattern Recognition in High Dimensional Data (PRINHDD)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Türkiye
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IOF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-07-15
End date: 2015-07-14
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 233921.0
EU funding (EUR): 233921.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

High dimensional data, where the number of variables is larger than the sample size, are encountered in a wide range of areas such as microarray studies, finance, engineering, biometrics and neuroimaging. This project is on pattern recognition (classification and clustering) of high dimensional data. Statistical methodology (including recognition methods) available for analyzing such data suffers from the curse of dimensionality as the enormous number of variables poses challenges to conventional methods rendering them impractical due to limited amounts of available data. A natural solution is to add a dimension reduction step before the recognition method is employed. In particular, given observations in a high dimensional space, our goal is to find a low dimensional manifold which captures the information relevant to pattern recognition for these data. One approach is writing a probability model which straddles “practically relevant” and “mathematically tractable”; defining an objective function whose arg opt (over manifolds) will act as a useful surrogate for “manifold with the most relevant information”; and finding a good approximation for the arg opt. This procedure must be accomplished in real-time in a dynamic environment to produce, e.g., an “adaptive sensor” adapting its low-dimensional view based on the pattern recognition exploitation function (rather than some far-afield surrogate such as signal-to-noise). In this project various methods are proposed to address the challenges of high-dimensional recognition by focusing on low-dimensional structures that approximate or encapsulate given high dimensional data. The main training objective of this research is to equip a European researcher with expertise about the theory and applications of high dimensional recognition, to become a competent user and trainer of this advanced methodology and to increase its availability in European research.

Keywords: probability and statistics,classification,clustering,curse of dimensionality,density based recognition,dimension reduction,feature extraction,intrinsic dimensionality,large p small n,learning
A Theory of Asymmetrical Warfare: normative, legal, and conceptual issues (TAW)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IIF, 2012)
Start date: 2014-01-01
End date: 2015-12-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 231283.2
EU funding (EUR): 231283.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The project takes as its point of departure the recent changes in the character of war and aims to develop a systematic theory of asymmetrical warfare which is both morally persuasive and legally feasible. It is organized around three core thematic areas. First, it examines, comparatively, how the law regulates international and non-international armed conflicts, and the participation of mercenaries, private security companies, paramilitary groups, terrorist organizations, and civilians who directly take part in the hostilities. Second, it concentrates on asymmetries in technology, and issues such as “information wars”, the use of drone planes, intelligent bombs, and non-lethal weapons. Finally, it addresses the difficulties raised by asymmetrical tactics such as torture, terrorism, targeted killings and the use of human shields. Ultimately, it will argue all these different issues put pressure on the key regulating principles of the laws of armed conflict and international humanitarian law, namely, the principle of equivalence between lawful and unlawful belligerents), the principle of distinction between combatants and non-combatants, and the requirement to take precautions in attack. The project has two interrelated claims of innovation. On the one hand, it concentrates precisely on the implication of different forms of asymmetries in armed conflicts. That is, it seeks to assess how the laws that regulate armed conflict, which were devised for “traditional” conflicts between states must adjust to contemporary wars. On the other hand, the project will bring together two rather separate areas of research, namely, research conducted by legal scholars on the laws of armed conflict and that conducted by legal and political philosophers on just war theory. The outcome will significantly enrich current debates by suggesting how legal institutions relate to deeper normative and conceptual issues.

Keywords: international humanitarian law,just war theory,normative ethics,analytical philosophy
Material cultures of care and emotion in Britain and Spain, 1890-1940 (HISTCARE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-09-01
End date: 2015-08-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 231283.2
EU funding (EUR): 231283.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

It is widely recognised, both within and outside the medical professions, that the huge advances in bio-medical science experienced during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries have risked reducing medicine to an impersonal and mechanistic discipline, in which treatment is reduced to set of pharmaceutical and surgical interventions which pay not attention to the patient’s personality and cultural context. There has been a concerted attempt in recent medical practice to counteract that reductive tendency, and to recognise the importance of treating the whole person, including their mind and their emotions, and to pay attention to the physical and cultural environment as an intrinsic part of medical treatment. These ideas about ‘care’ more broadly conceived all have historical precedents, and it is the aim of the proposed research project to uncover some of them and to think about their relevance both to contemporary practice and to our understanding of the past. The project aims to reconstitute the affective lives of both patients and care-givers through an analysis of the material cultures, physical spaces, and culture representations that were involved in creating their experiences. It is thus aims to use a comparative cultural history of care as a way to enrich our historical understandings of the spaces, objects, and emotions involved in producing health and disease in the modern world.

Keywords: care,emotion,material culture,spain,britain,1890-1940
Droplet Impingement on Non-flat Surfaces (NONFLATIMPINGEMENT)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-07-01
End date: 2015-06-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 309235.2
EU funding (EUR): 309235.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The impact of liquid droplets with solids can be realized in numerous physical conditions and technological/industrial applications, for example, spray cooling of hot materials, spray coating, fuel injection in combustion engines, fire suppression, inkjet printing, metallurgy, and electronic circuit cooling. Droplet collision with solid particles also represents a fundamental process in the Fluid Coking processes, which is characterized by the collision between heavy fuel droplets and catalyst/coke particles. The proposed research will explore using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) the detailed physics of liquid droplets impinging on non-flat surfaces; these will include solid particles in midair at conditions relevant to Fluid Coking processes as well as spray cooling applications through droplet impact on micro-porous media. The model to be employed will solve numerically the full Navier-Stokes, energy and transport equations inside and outside the droplet simultaneously with the VOF equation that will be employed for the prediction of droplet shape during impact. In addition, a local vaporisation rate model will be further utilised for the prediction of phase-change without considering empirical correlations for the droplet shape. This will allow predictions at surface temperatures both below and above the Leidenfrost point of vaporisation. Model validation will be performed by utilising experimental data available in the open literature. The developed and validated computational fluid dynamics simulation model will be then utilised for the development of methodologies for design, remedial measures and operation of these devices can then be established for the benefit of the relevant communities.

Keywords: g309 transport engineering,eng
Exciton Transport in Molecular Crystals: The Role of Dynamic Disorder (EXTMOC)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-09-09
End date: 2015-09-08
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 221606.4
EU funding (EUR): 221606.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The need to develop renewable energy sources has stimulated a rapid growth of photovoltaic technology which uses solar energy to directly convert the daylight into electricity. Photovoltaic cells based on π-conjugated organic materials, also known as organic solar cells, potentially offer a significant reduction cost compared to inorganic solar cells and allow for large-scale production since organic materials can be solution-processed. However, the fundamental processes that determine the efficiency of these organic photovoltaic cells are still not understood. In particular, a deeper molecular-level comprehension of the exciton transport and charge generation mechanisms that take place in these photovoltaic devices is crucial to rationally design novel and enhance organic semiconducting materials for highly-efficient photovoltaic devices. The aim of this project is to develop a theoretical model able to give an appropriate description of the exciton transport mechanism in molecular crystals and to explore the connections between this mechanism and the free charge generation in photovoltaic junctions. Emphasis will be made on the role of the dynamic disorder but the other elements highlighted in the recent literature (vibronic effects, charge transfer excitons) will be included as well. The formalism will be complemented by atomistic study of the nuclear dynamics and electronic structure calculations so that accurate parameters can be feed into the model. Finally, the improved understanding of the exciton wavefunction will be used to provide a microscopic picture of the exciton dynamics in bulk and near the interface with an electron acceptor.

Keywords: che organic solar cells exciton transport exciton dissociation model hamiltonians quantum-chemical methods classical and quantum dynamics
Indigenous Heritage, Rock Art, and Cultural Identity in Post-colonial Nations (ROCKART)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IOF, 2012)
Start date: 2014-04-25
End date: 2017-04-24
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 392423.0
EU funding (EUR): 392423.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Archaeological, historical, art historical and ethnographic work has confirmed the importance of rock paintings and engravings as windows onto hunter-gatherer lifeways, some of which have vanished or on the point of extinction. Much of this work however overlooks the fact that rock art – an integral part of visual heritage and indigenous knowledge systems – remains powerfully relevant to what it means to be human. Rock art is implicated in cultural identity today in many different contexts (social, political, commercial), both on and off the rocks; South Africa’s new coat-of-arms, for instance, features re-contextualised rock art motifs. The proposed project will analyse exactly how rock art is used, and how it influences identity-formation processes, in three post-colonial nations today: the USA, Australia and South Africa. The project will also test the hypothesis that appropriate management of fragile rock art heritage sites in 7 carefully selected national parks can and does make a difference, challenging people's preconceptions of rock art and of the indigenous people who made it. In collaboration with conservation scientists and social scientists (archaeologists, anthropologists, historians, art historians, heritage managers), and combined with contemporary indigenous and tourist perspectives, an analysis of ethnographic and archaeological data will yield meaningful results and practical suggestions regarding identity-formation and the presentation of indigenous rock art. These results will be applicable to public rock art sites in countries worldwide, including Europe.

Keywords: rock art,identity,s104 myth,ritual,symbolic representations,religious studies,s105 ethnography,s305 visual arts,s412 cultural heritage,s401 archaeology,landscape archaeology,anthropology
Development of a Synergistic Catalysis Protocol for the Enantioselective Functionalisation of Aldehydes (SYNCAT)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IOF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-05-15
End date: 2016-05-14
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 282561.0
EU funding (EUR): 282561.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The paradigm of organocatalysis, wherein small organic molecules serve as reaction catalysts, has emerged as a valuable source of innovation over the past 15 years, delivering over 200 new asymmetric transformations. The MacMillan group have consistently been at the forefront of organocatalysis research, and to date have pioneered over 30 catalytic transformations of immense practicality and synthetic utility. Recently the group have popularised a powerful strategy for enantioselective catalysis based on the synergistic merger of organocatalysis and transition metal catalysis. The concept of synergistic catalysis, which draws inspiration from biosynthetic models, envisions the simultaneous activation of two reactants through the productive merger of two separate catalytic cycles. Working within the pioneering research group of Prof. David MacMillan, the Outgoing Phase project aims to further develop the concept of synergistic catalysis. In particular, a powerful new strategy for the enantioselective functionalisation of aldehydes using boronic acids as coupling partners will be developed based on the merger of organocatalysis and transition metal catalysis. The Return Phase project seeks to develop the high-profile area of transition metal catalysed C-H bond activation. The capacity to activate a specific 'inert' C-H bond and transform it into a more versatile functional group represents the ultimate synthetic transformation and offers significant benefits to organic chemists. The concepts described are expected to be widely adopted by practitioners of chemical synthesis throughout the realm of biomedical research, thereby greatly benefiting European science. The importance of the research topics and high profile collaboration between two world-class research institutes will increase scientific excellence and provide opportunities to widely advertise participation in Marie Curie Actions.

Keywords: c112 catalysis,c141 organic chemistry,enantioselective,organocatalysis,copper catalysis,c-h activation,palladium catalysis,synergistic
Functional characterization of FAN1, a structure-specific DNA repair nuclease (FANDAMAGE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-05-01
End date: 2015-04-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 231283.2
EU funding (EUR): 231283.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) are toxic lesions, which prevent the separation of strands necessary for DNA replication. ICLs arise in cells when common endogenous metabolites react with DNA and when cells are exposed to commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs, such as mitomycin-C (MMC) and cisplatin. Defects in the repair of endogenous ICLs cause Fanconi anaemia, characterized by chromosome instability and cancer predisposition, which underscores the importance of ICL repair for human health. In 2010, several groups reported the identification of Fan1, a structure-specific nuclease that is required for ICL repair, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear and little is known about how Fan1 promotes DNA repair. Recently, it was reported that Fan1 mutations in humans cause karyomegalic interstitial nephritis (KIN), which is characterized by degeneration of organs including kidney. This may reflect premature aging of organs caused by unrepaired DNA damage. The lab in which I will carry out the proposed studies is generating Fan1K975A/K975A knock-in mice, which express a nuclease-inactive form of Fan1. I will study these mice in detail to test the consequences of Fan1 inactivation at the level of cell and organism. I am particularly interested in testing for a Fanconi anaemia-like phenotype and/or progeria. Cells from the Fan1-defective mice will be used to determine the role of Fan1 in ICL repair. There are several nucleases other than Fan1 required for ICL repair, such as Mus81-Eme1 and Slx1. I will also test the relationship between Fan1 these factors by making mouse defective in Fan1 and each of these factors. Finally I aim to study the regulation of Fan1 function by phosphorylation. These experiments will provide valuable insight into Fan1 function, and the project will give me the opportunity to change discipline and to work in the one of the best scientific environments in the UK that has strong connections with Europe and with industry.

Keywords: xpf nucleases,icl,fan1,slx4,slx1,mus81,homologous recombination,mouse
The role of insect symbionts in host plant use through their effect on plant-induced defenses (PLANTINSECTSYMBIONT)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-05-16
End date: 2015-05-15
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 183469.8
EU funding (EUR): 183469.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Micro-organisms, in particular symbiotic bacteria, can affect the way that herbivorous insects utilise their host plants. The best known examples are the obligate endosymbionts that enable their hosts to feed on diets impoverished in essential nutrients. But recent research has identified new ways in which bacteria can influence insect-plant interactions, and which often involve facultative rather than obligate associations. In some species facultative symbionts are associated to host plant use, the best known example coming from pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) where surveys demonstrate that particular bacteria are strongly associated with aphids on certain food plants. The associations might be explained if symbionts benefit their insect hosts through the manipulation of plant-induced defenses (i.e. the systemic mobilization of plant defenses after insect attack, for example through the emission of volatile organic compounds that promote the effectiveness of natural enemies). I propose to explore systematically the effects of facultative insect bacterial symbionts on induced plant defences from plant gene expression to wider community effects using the pea aphid model system. This species has by far the best characterised symbiont community. My approach will bring together ideas and techniques from the evolutionary theory of symbiosis, community ecology, plant physiology and modern molecular plant biology. This project will be developed during two years at the Wageningen University in the laboratory of Prof. Marcel Dicke, a leading expert in plant induced defenses and multitrophic interactions. After my previous experience studying insect ecology in Spain and the United Kingdom, this fellowship is the ideal next step for reaching my scientific and professional maturity, to build up lasting cooperation and collaboration and finally to establish my own group afterwards.

Keywords: l810 symbiosis,v305 ecology,l802 population biology - population dynamics - population genetics,insect-plant interactions,community ecology,facultative symbiosis,induced plant defences.