Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Social Anchoring in Superdiverse Transnational Social Spaces (SAST)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-09-02
End date: 2015-09-01
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 309235.2
EU funding (EUR): 309235.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The project studies in an innovative, interdisciplinary theoretical and methodological way the problem of identity, integration and adaptation to transnational spaces. It aims to examine the role of identity for immigrant adaptation and integration and ways in which individuals, especially migrants, establish footholds in their life spaces. The goal of the proposal is the development of a theoretical and methodological framework that enables identification of the source(s) of socio-psychological stability of individuals, particularly in a context of societal integration. The researched problem will be analysed using the concept of social anchoring proposed by the author, which will be developed through research with Polish immigrants in the UK and Ukrainian immigrants in Poland. The research approach will be based on grounded theory. The project will include alternate stages of field research and theory building. The methods used in the project will include: desk research and analysis of secondary data, field research among Polish and Ukrainian immigrants in the UK and Poland and the analysis of “unguided” materials (i.e. forum discussions, web blogs and diaries), which will be analysed using narrative, biographical, textual and visual approaches as well as the analysis of observation material. The originality of the project lies in the idea of using the metaphor of anchor to develop the conceptual framework of anchoring enabling limitations of subjectively defined identity to be overcome whilst including the objective aspects of resources. The intensive inclusion of participants’ perspective and the employment of a reflective approach also add to the originally of the project. The theory of social anchoring will bring an entirely new approach to migration studies and provide an opportunity to link integration and identity problems and as well as relate individuals to a contemporary superdiverse and mobile society.

Keywords: sociology,psychology,identity,integration,adaptation,super-diversity,transnational social spaces,anchoring,polish immigrants in the uk,ukrainian immigrants in poland
Functional analysis of inhibitory microcircuit in zebrafish olfactory forebrain - by combining viral tracing of synaptically connected microcircuits with neuronal activity measurements (OC MICROCIRCUIT)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IIF, 2012)
Start date: 2014-03-01
End date: 2016-02-29
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 192622.2
EU funding (EUR): 192622.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Interneurons in olfactory cortex, central importance for the function of cortical circuits, comprise a wide range of different cell types that may be involved in different microcircuits and computations. However, the fine architecture of synaptic microcircuits which support computational processing in cortex is still poorly understood. The aim of this project is to address connectivities and functions of inhibitory microcircuit in the olfactory system by combining viral tracing of synaptically connected microcircuits with neuronal activity measurements in the intact zebrafish brain. First, I will ask whether different types of interneurons define specific microcircuits by mono-synaptic virus tracer and electrophysiology. To explore the detailed and quantitative data on connectivity motifs in olfactory cortex, I will then visualize microcircuits from single starter interneurons using Gal4-UAS system and DNA transfer to single neuron. Using this visualized microcircuit from single starter cell, I will also ask the physiological characters of each microcircuit by measurement of odor responses by 2-photon imaging. Finally, I will provide direct insights into the computational functions of synaptic microcircuits using optogenetics to manipulate the connected presynaptic neurons. These experiments will uncover general design principles of inhibitory microcircuit that will help to understand relationship between circuit structure and their function.

Keywords: l510 neuroimaging and computational neuroscience
ER Function In Virus Infection (ER AND INFECTION)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IIF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-07-29
End date: 2015-11-24
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 183469.8
EU funding (EUR): 183469.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

A major challenge in combating significant human pathogens is the inherent variation of viruses that can evolve to evade the host immune response and antiviral treatment strategies. Our research proposes an interdisciplinary approach to identify novel antiviral targets by interrogating the host cell biology of infection by influenza A virus (IAV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) using high-throughput RNA interference (RNAi) technologies. More specifically, we propose to understand the dependency of these enveloped viruses on the host endoplasmic reticulum (ER) machinery for virus replication and propagation and how this increased virus burden activates host-ER stress, including the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR is implicated in inflammatory signaling and we will further investigate whether these viruses can modulate host immune responses via this pathway. In summary, we have proposed a hypothesis-driven RNAi screen to generate an overview of common host-cell factors exploited by diverse viruses during infection as well as extensive biochemical and functional validation of any sites of conserved virus-protein interactions. Therefore, this work aims to identify novel candidates for further translational research and development as improved, broad-spectrum antiviral treatments to combat infection and associated pathogenesis.

Keywords: l105 protein synthesis - modification and turnover,l608 virology,l611 prevention and treatment of infection by pathogens,l302 cell biology and molecular transport mechanisms,l306 organelle biology
Understanding the contribution of cattle behaviour to variations in feed efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions and the welfare consequences of improving environmental sustainability (BEHENT)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-04-01
End date: 2015-03-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 231283.2
EU funding (EUR): 231283.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Emissions of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (NO2) are considered to be major anthropogenic contributors to the greenhouse effect, much of which is from livestock agriculture. The most important sources are the enteric fermentation of ruminants and manure processing. The Residual Feed Intake (RFI) is the difference between actual feed intake and the expected feed requirements for maintenance. The RFI is moderately heritable so that genetic lines can be selected depending on RFI. Hence, optimising the efficiency with which ruminants utilise feed is a key route through which to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Behaviour and welfare are known to contribute to variations in RFI. In order to provide appropriate advice on more efficient animals, there is a need to assess the behavioural traits and processes affecting RFI and its relationship with the animal breed. In addition, the implications for meat quality of changing behavioural or physiological traits to improve RFI need to be quantified. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of genotypes and diets on feed use efficiency and CH4 emissions in beef cattle and to understand the behavioural, welfare and meat quality consequences of improving RFI. A total of 144 finishing cattle raised in representative commercial conditions will be studied. Firstly the RFI and CH4 emissions in finishing cattle will be estimated and the breed differences in RFI and CH4 emissions will be quantified. Thereafter the behavioural traits affecting RFI will be studied and the responsiveness of cattle contrasting in RFI and CH4 emission values to novel stressors will be also assessed. Finally, the relationship between behaviour, RFI and CH4 emissions and product quality traits will be described. A final report will be submitted describing breed specificities in RFI and CH4 emission estimates, behavioural determinants of RFI and the welfare consequences of changing RFI to aid in future farm management to mitigate climate change.

Keywords: v101 environment and sustainability,v201 climatology and climate change,v301 animal behaviour,v401 agriculture related to animal husbandry,v404 food sciences,beef cattle,greenhouse gas emissions
Overdominance: from spontaneous mutations to balancing selection in natural populations (OMUBAS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IIF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-12-11
End date: 2015-12-10
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 194046.6
EU funding (EUR): 194046.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Overdominance occurs when individuals carrying two different alleles at a specific locus have higher Darwinian fitness than both homozygotes, who carry only one allele. It is involved in a range of observations in genetics and evolution (e.g. genetic diversity, inbreeding depression, heterosis) and has been controversial for over a century. Empirical studies on the frequency of spontaneous mutations causing overdominance are scarce and there has been no systematic effort to screen for overdominant alleles in any natural population. We propose to (1) test a recent theory predicting that the rate of spontaneous mutations with overdominant effect on fitness increases with maladaptation, and (2) screen for overdominance alleles in a natural population. We propose to use the most appropriate model system for answering each of these questions: Saccharomyces yeast for spontaneous mutations, and Daphnia for segregating alleles. Cutting-edge methods in experimental evolution and quantitative genetics will be used. This project will contribute to the scientific competitiveness of Europe by strengthening a new area of research in France (the scientist in charge will maintain permanent projects using experimental evolution with yeast), providing large libraries of yeast and Daphnia genotypes, and producing high-impact publications.

Keywords: quantitative genetics,microbiology,population biology - population dynamics - population genetics,saccharomyces,daphnia,overdominance
The impact of genotoxic stress on the mRNA-interactome and RNA-regulons (GTOXOME)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2014-01-01
End date: 2015-12-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 161968.8
EU funding (EUR): 161968.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

RNA-binding proteins (RBP) play critical roles in stress responses like DNA-damage through interactions with elements in functionally related RNAs, termed regulons. One of the most cytotoxic forms of DNA-damage are DNA double strand breaks (DSB), that can lead to mutagenic events and when improperly repaired to cell death. This proposed project focuses on the dynamics of the global RBP network (mRNA-interactome) and RNA-regulons of mouse fibroblasts (NIH-3T3) cells in response to genotoxic stress. The “RNA-regulon” model implies that RBPs control functionally related mRNAs via cis-regulatory elements in these RNAs. Using mRNA-interactome capture and high-resolution quantitative proteomics, I will comprehensively identify mRNA-binding proteins involved in immediate DNA-repair and cell death responses to genotoxic stress. By employing deep sequencing and crosslink immunoprecipitation approaches, I will highlight the controlled RNA-networks and their influence on cell survival. Taken together, this project aims to address key questions of the role for RBPs in the DNA-damage response at different stages and the identification of their RNA-regulons. Furthermore, it opens new perspectives in posttranscriptional regulation after the cells exposure to genotoxic stress. The innovative nature of this interdisciplinary project involves European collaborators, which creates excellent inter-European-networking. The development of a novel research area will showcase the cutting-edge research performed in the ERA thus directly contribute to the European Work Programme by enhancing the attractiveness of Europe for third country and European top-scientists.

Keywords: l101 molecular biology and interactions,l203 proteomics,l202 transcriptomics,rna binding proteins,dna-damage response,post-transcriptional regulation
Organocatalytic Desymmetrization and C-H Bond Activation in Complex Natural Product Synthesis (ORDECHASYN)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IIF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-10-01
End date: 2015-09-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 221606.4
EU funding (EUR): 221606.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The aim of this research is to develop novel organocatalytic desymmetrizatoin and novel C-H bond formation reaction, and to apply these methodologies to the total synthesis of bioactive lueconicine A, B and strychnan alkaloids. These organocatalytic desymmetrizatoin and C-H bond activation provide an excellent method for the rapid construction of complex ring systems, such as the octahydro-1,6-ethanoindole with good streocontrol. However, despite the great potential of these kinds of organocatalytic desymmetrization and C-H bond activation reaction, only small number of results have been reported. Therefore, these types of reactions are highly innovative and would constitute an extremely powerful example of the possibilities offered by organocatalysis. Definitely, to apply these methodologies to the total synthesis of bioactive natural products such as leuconicines and other strychnan alkaloids would provide sufficient material for thorough biological studies and would also constitute a milestone for the study of structure-activity relationship.

Keywords: organocatalyst,desymmetrizatoin,c-h bond activation,leuconicine,strychnan alkaloid
Investigation of the relationship between the material properties of insoluble, protein aggregates known as amyloids and common forms of age-related dementia such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. (NANOMECHAMYLOID)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IOF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-03-01
End date: 2016-02-29
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 282561.0
EU funding (EUR): 282561.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The conversion of normally soluble and functional proteins into insoluble protein aggregates known as amyloids are linked to more than 50 human disorders, including several common forms of age-related dementia such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Amyloids exist as long, rope-like structures known as fibrils which can self-associate into intractable plaques-a hallmark of many amyloid-related diseases. Here we propose to investigate the potential role the material properties of amyloid, in particular their rigidity and propensity to break, play in both the pathology and transmission of amyloid-related disorders. We propose to study the material properties of amyloid using a new and ground-breaking form of microcopy known as 4D ultrafast electron microscopy (UEM). This unique microscope combines the spatial resolution of electron microscopy (nanometer) with the temporal resolution of laser spectroscopy (femtoseconds) and can directly apply minute (piconewton) forces to materials, making atomic-scale “movies” of the resulting displacements. This sets it apart as the technique of choice for characterizing the stiffness and fracture mechanics of proteinaceous nanofibrils such as amyloid. Using this revolutionary technique, we hope to determine the stiffness of amyloids, use amyloid as a single molecule biosensor, perform optical trapping experiments on individual Alzheimer’s disease-related fibrils within the column of an electron microscope and study the destruction of cataract-related amyloid plaques. These results will provide us with some fascinating insights into the molecular forces governing the behavior of amyloids and how this may relate to their pathology in living organisms.

Keywords: c101 physical chemistry,c107 chemical physics,c113 physical chemistry of biological systems,c143 protein chemistry,c128 nanomaterials,c127 materials for sensors
Modelling Inhabited Spaces of the Ancient Mediterranean Sea (MISAMS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-09-01
End date: 2015-08-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 299558.4
EU funding (EUR): 299558.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

MISAMS is cross-disciplinary, intersectorial study that combines state-of-the-art methods and theories in Archaeology, Anthropology, History and Social Geography with field surveys off the coast of Turkey to model the construction and inhabitation of maritime space in the ancient Mediterranean Sea. MISAMS’ main hypothesis is that maritime archaeology’s dominant reliance upon idiographic interpretations of shipwrecks has limited the discipline’s flexibility and understanding, leading to perceptions of seafaring activities that reflect paradigms no longer prevalent in the Social Sciences. MISAMS aims to re-study the discipline’s data with new perceptions that stress two characteristics: A) cross-cultural patterning instead of idiographic labels such as ‘Greek’ or ‘Venetian’, and B) that the sea is a constructed, inhabited landscape equivalent to that on land and, thus, embodies a maritime community. By integrating the archaeological and historical and creating a more holistic model of seafaring activity, MISAMS’ vision is to re-fashion maritime archaeology into an anthropological study by focusing on people’s habits, not objects and, as a result, synthesize practitioners’ current methods of in-situ management with a new field methodology stressing survey over excavation, and impact legislation and policy makers with a common interpretive structure that no longer stresses constructed national links between the present and the past.

Keywords: s401 archaeology - maritime archaeology - social geography - spatial modelling - anthropology
Characterizing the Phase Transitions of Single Organic Aerosols in an Optical Trap (BBOT)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IIF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-08-01
End date: 2015-07-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 184709.4
EU funding (EUR): 184709.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Organic aerosols play a major role in the chemistry and physics of the atmosphere, serving as cloud condensation or ice nuclei, sites of interfacial chemistry, and scatters and absorbers of incident radiation. Recent field campaigns have affirmed their prevalence in the troposphere, and aircraft measurements have discovered large quantities of organic material within the nuclei of ice crystals in mid-latitude mixed-phase clouds. Despite their ubiquity and importance in the environment, little is known about organic aerosols, in particular, their phase state and influence over the partitioning of gas-phase compounds, rate of chemical reactions, water uptake and particle ability to act as CCN or IN. To elucidate the role of organic aerosols, I propose experimental studies on laboratory-generated organic aerosols by investigating their phase behavior under well-controlled, atmospherically-relevant temperature and relative humidity. For single-particle resolution, I will develop and employ a counter-propagating Bessel beams optical trap (BBOT), equipped with a positional sensor, a cold head (capable of lowering temperatures quickly down to 70 K) and RH control, the first of its kind. The laboratory-based instrument will be developed in the group of Prof. Ruth Signorell at ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry, where the research will be performed. By optically trapping single aerosols and controlling the ambient relative humidity and temperature, the phase behavior of organic aerosols can be characterized, giving insight into their influence on cloud formation, precipitation, and overall climate.

Keywords: c101 physical chemistry,v201 atmospheric chemistry - air pollution