Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
All-optical deconstruction of thalamic control of sleep-wake states. (Opto-Sleep)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Consolidator grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System
Panel description: Nervous system development, homeostasis and ageing, nervous system function and dysfunction, systems neuroscience and modelling, biological basis of cognitive processes and of behaviour, neurological and mental disorders
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call: ERC Consolidator Grant (ERC-2016-COG, 2016)
Start date: 2017-06-01
End date: 2022-11-30
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1915000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1915000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

While the functions of sleep are still a matter of debate and may include memory consolidation, brain clearance, anabolism and plasticity, the neural substrates of sleep and wake states are the subject of intense study. Successive sleep-wake cycles rely on an appropriate balance between sleep-promoting nuclei of the brain located in the anterior hypothalamus and, arousal-promoting nuclei from the posterior hypothalamus and the brainstem. My laboratory identified different subsets of hypothalamic cells that controls wakefulness and rapid-eye movement (also called paradoxical) sleep using optogenetics in combination with high-density electrophysiology in freely-behaving mice. We further identified their connections with (and functional modulation of) other sleep-wake circuits throughout the brain. Although we and others have dissected important subcortical and cortical sleep-wake circuits in the brain, the precise mechanism bridging sub-cortical circuits to thalamic and cortical networks remains unclear. I hypothesizes that the thalamus represents a hub that integrates sleep-wake inputs of both subcortical and cortical origin into stable sleep-wake states, through topographically distinct sub-cortical inputs and temporally precise circuit dynamics (spiking pattern, coherence). To test this hypothesis, my experimental objectives are divided into three specific aims: 1) Identify the simultaneous cellular dynamics of thalamo-cortical network activity across sleep-wake states (Observational approach; Year 1-3) 2) Characterize the subcortical modulation of thalamic structures across sleep-wake states (Perturbational approach; Year 2-4) 3) Study the role of TRN/CMT circuits in sleep homeostasis and consciousness (Functional approach; Year 4-5) Completion of this project will provide a mechanistic perspective on sub-cortical, thalamo-cortical and cortical control of sleep-wake states, sleep homeostasis and consciousness in the mammalian brain.

Keywords: neural circuits,thalamus,thalamo cortical circuits,arousal,anesthesia,consciousness,innate behaviour,optogenetics
CLOck NETwork Services: Strategy and innovation for clock services over optical-fibre networks (CLONETS)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Research Infrastructures
Theme: Research infrastructures
Destination: Innovation and infrastructures
Action type: Coordination and support actions
Countries involved: Germany,Italy,Germany,Spain,Poland,Poland,France,France,France,Czechia,Czechia,Czechia,United Kingdom,United Kingdom
Call: Support to Technological Infrastructures (H2020-INFRAINNOV-2016-1, 2016)
Start date: 2017-01-01
End date: 2019-09-30
Duration (months): 33.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1994646.25
EU funding (EUR): 1994645.0
Participants: 17
Project status: CLOSED

A scientific and technological paradigm change is taking place, concerning the way that very high performance time and frequency reference signals are distributed, moving from radio signal broadcasting to signal transport over optical fibre networks. The latter technology demonstrates performance improvements by orders of magnitude, over distances up to continental scale. Research infrastructures are developing several related technologies, adapted to specific projects and applications. The present project aims to prepare the transfer of this new generation of technology to industry and to strengthen the coordination between research infrastructures and the research and education telecommunication networks, in order to prepare the deployment of this technology to create a sustainable, pan-European network, providing high-performance "clock" services to European research infrastructures. Further this core network will be designed to be compatible with a global European vision of time and frequency distribution over telecommunication networks, enabling it to provide support to a multitude of lower-performance time services, responding to the rapidly growing needs created by developments such as cloud computing, Internet of Things and Industry 4.0. The project aims at partnership building and innovation for high performance time and frequency (clock) services over optical fibre networks and to prepare the implementation of such a European backbone network.

Keywords: clock service,network,optical fibre
LICE CULTIVATOR: Fast mechanical cultivator reducing fuel and herbicide use (LICE)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Industrial Leadership
Programme: Innovation in SMEs
Action type: SME instrument
Countries involved: Italy
Call: SME instrument (H2020-SMEInst-2018-2020-1, 2019)
Start date: 2019-05-01
End date: 2019-08-31
Duration (months): 4.0
Total project cost (EUR): 71429.0
EU funding (EUR): 50000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

At the time of soil management for cultivation, herbicides have become one of the most significant advancements. Despite its useful side, herbicides are well known at the present to be enormously pollutant for soils and watercourses as well as crops. Nowadays, innovation on the field of undesired weeds removal is based on the search of less harmful methods as mechanical rotary herbicides or rotary cultivators that, at the same time, present some disadvantages: due to the discs shape they provoke compaction of the soil underneath causing floods and dewatering of lowers layers, as well as present a lot of resistance when moving due to their disc shape and materials, moved thanks to the engine power transmission shaft in a very slow and inefficiently way, provoking a big waste of fuel and associated GHG emissions. CAVALLERETTI, and Italian company from Ferrara, has invented a revolutionary system based on a patented and long-lasting cultivator discs, rollers cut and general design performing an efficient cultivation of the soil for planting bedding. LICE cultivator allows a fast work increasing the speed four times (from 5 kmts. to 20) saving the 30% of fuel, therefore decreasing the level of GHG emissions and saving money, preventing floods and avoiding the use of chemical herbicides and fertilisers as it turns the removed and chopped weeds in organic compost. LICE is expected to bring to the company in the 5 ys. after full commercialization a total accumulated turnover of €28M, with a profit of €8,7M, a R.O.I. of 4,8 and a positive impact regarding employment with 26 job creation. It has to be said that global tractor machinery market sales figure is forecast to reach 2,8 thousand tractor units by 2023 growing at a CAGR of around 5% accompanied with a big demand and exigence of a growing sector that needs more sustainable and efficient tools.

Keywords: cultivator,hebicide,plant bedding,blade discs,carpentry engineering,hardox500,traction power,fuel saving
Probing interactions between a charged impurity and a cold atomic bath in the quantum regime (Pint)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Physics
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2019, 2019)
Start date: 2020-06-01
End date: 2022-05-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 175572.48
EU funding (EUR): 175572.48
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Here, I propose new experiments to study the ion-atom interaction in the quantum regime with an Yb+ impurity immersed in a bath of fermionic lithium atoms. Hybrid ion-atom systems combine the well-controllable platforms of trapped ions and ultracold quantum gases and link them together by the intermediate-range ion-atom interaction. These new quantum systems offer intriguing prospects for buffer gas cooling, quantum simulation of condensed matter/many-body systems as well as for state-to-state quantum chemistry. Although ultracold atoms and ions have each been routinely studied in the quantum regime, experiments with ion-atom mixtures remained firmly confined to the classical collision regime until very recently. As a first, the Yb+ - Li mixture has been cooled to the regime where quantum effects dominate the ion-atom interactions. With this unique system, I aim to understand, characterize, and control the ion-atom interaction in the quantum regime trough experiments. A key question to answer is: Can we find magneto-molecular (Feshbach) resonances? These resonances play a pivotal role in ultracold quantum gases, where the allow for atom-atom interaction tuning. So far, they have not been observed between atoms and ions because the required ultracold temperatures were not yet achieved. With the Yb+ - Li system there is now a good prospect for observing them. Next, I will study the coherence of ion motion in a quantum bath of fermionic atoms by preparing particular (non-classical) states of ion motion and monitoring their dynamics using tools derived from trapped-ion quantum computing. Together with a detailed study of the quantum chemistry within the mixture, this research will allow me to assess the suitability of this new quantum system in emerging quantum technology. The Marie Curie action offers a great possibility to combine my expertise on ultracold atoms together with the expertise of the host group in ion-atom systems and enhance my competences along the way.

Keywords: hybrid ion atom systems,trapped ions,fermionic quantum gases,quantum simulation,quantum information,impurity physics,quantum chemistry,feshbach resonances
Atomic dissection of type VII secretion systems from pathogenic mycobacteria (CryoMyco)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Life Sciences
Countries involved: Germany
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2020, 2020)
Start date: 2021-04-01
End date: 2023-03-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 174806.4
EU funding (EUR): 174806.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Tuberculosis (TB) is a global disease. With over 1.6 million deaths in 2017 alone and an estimated one quarter of the world’s population infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the etiological agent, TB is found throughout the world. Mtb is highly successful as a pathogen, in part due to its distinct and hydrophobic outer membrane (OM) and its type VII secretion systems (T7SSs). Although critical for the success of Mtb as a pathogen, the structure and mechanism of T7SSs are still poorly understood. In Mtb, five T7SSs (ESX-1 to 5) perform diverse functions such as immunomodulation, virulence, uptake of nutrients and iron. In T7SSs, four conserved membrane components, EccB/C/D/E assemble into a hexameric inner membrane complex, with a fifth transiently interacting membrane component, MycP. We have previously shown a low resolution, hexameric structure of the EccB/C/D/E membrane complex and recently two models of a dimeric subcomplex have been published. However, little is known on the structure of the entire core complex (including MycP), what is the secretion pore and how is it gated, or how secretion takes place through the OM, making this research proposal timely and necessary. The aim of this fellowship is to elucidate the underlying mechanism of secretion through the diderm cell envelope by: 1 - Elucidating the high-resolution structure of the hexameric T7SS membrane complex of Mtb. 2 - Investigate the molecular and structural mechanisms behind the OM translocation process. The results stemming from this proposal have the potential to aid and steer structure-based drug designs against Mtb. The host lab has pioneered cryo-EM of secretion systems and has state-of-the-art infrastructure and know-how that will provide the fellow with the best possible training and chances of success. With appropriate measures put in place, this project will drive forward mycobacterial research and will serve as a starting platform for identifying new possible drug targets.
The effect of Fe, Al and Ti on the density, elasticity and the post-stishovite transition of eclogitic H2O-bearing stishovite: Implications on the observability of seismic anomalies in Earth’s mantle (ELASTIC)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Career Restart panel
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Environment and Geosciences
Countries involved: France
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2019, 2019)
Start date: 2020-09-01
End date: 2024-05-31
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 295061.76
EU funding (EUR): 295061.76
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

Al-bearing stishovite is considered to be the main H2O-bearing silicate phase present in recycled subducted oceanic crust (i.e. eclogite) at uppermost lower mantle conditions, equivalent to >660 km mantle depths, and pressures above 23 GPa, where it can form 25% of the bulk. The incorporation of Al into stishovite leads to significant changes to its phase diagram and its ability to take up H2O. For instance, it halves the pressure required for its rutile- to CaCl2-type transformation, which exhibits significant elastic softening and may be seismically observable. We currently lack any information on the influence of Fe and Ti on the elastic properties and post-stishovite transitions of Al-and/or H2O-bearing stishovite - even though we know that these defects and solid-solutions are important features of other silicate phases in the mantle; e.g. Ca(Si,Ti)O3 perovskite. We propose a comprehensive synthesis programme, combined with on-line elastic measurements by ultrasonic interferometry and x-ray diffraction to determine the effects of defect type and concentration on the density, phase diagram and elastic response of this important suite of stishovites. This work, based at ID06LVP, The European Synchrotron, will be supplemented by examination by microscopic and spectroscopic methods at the forefront of microbeam techniques. Understanding elastic properties of Fe-, Al-, Ti-, and H2O -bearing eclogitic stishovite will allow improvements in fundamental models used to predict and determine the observability of seismic discontinuities and velocity anomalies caused by the subduction of eclogitic material through the Earth’s mantle, particularly in the upper part of the lower mantle. This study will also help to better assess the effects of incorporation of minor amounts of FeO, Fe2O3, Al2O3 and H2O in stishovite on the lower mantle’s density.

Keywords: earth s mantle,high pressure and temperature,multianvil,volatiles,ultrasonic interferometry,in situ,synchrotron,moessbauer spectroscopy,fe al ti h2o stishovite,post stishovite transition
Fundamental Understanding of Nanoparticle chemistry: towards the prediction of Particulate emissions and Material synthesis (FUN-PM)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Products and processes engineering
Panel description: Product and process design, chemical, civil, environmental, mechanical, vehicle engineering, energy processes and relevant computational methods
Countries involved: France,France
Call: ERC Starting Grant (ERC-2017-STG, 2017)
Start date: 2018-02-01
End date: 2024-01-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1493838.77
EU funding (EUR): 1493838.77
Participants: 2
Project status: SIGNED

While modern societies are facing urgent challenges related to reduction of particulate matter emissions from transportation engines, recent discoveries on the extraordinary properties of carbonaceous functional nanomaterials have revealed opportunities associated with large-scale, flame-based synthesis of these otherwise unwanted combustion products. In both cases, our ability to study new, optimized solutions based on the specific industrial end-user needs is limited by the absence of theoretical tools able to accurately predict the fluid dynamics and the chemistry involved in nanoparticle formation. Indeed, current knowledge on this fascinating but complex process is still rather incomplete. The proposed research program, FUN-PM, will apply an innovative multi-disciplinary, multi-step approach in order to finally answer many unresolved kinetic questions concerning in particular: 1) formation and growth of molecular PAH precursors; 2) particle inception; 3) subsequent particle growth and oxidation. Each single step will be experimentally isolated taking full advantage of complementary conventional shock tube techniques and up-to-date synchrotron-based detection technologies coupled to a newly constructed high-rate repetition shock tube. If successful, the novel synchrotron-shock tube techniques will be utilized for the first time to obtain unique information on unknown key processes. The experimental results, with extensive theoretical ab-initio calculations on relevant PAH reaction pathways, will constitute the base for the development of a comprehensive, detailed chemical kinetic model for particle chemistry applied to Real Fuels. Such model will improve the prediction capabilities of current CFD codes for use in engine design, fuel reformulation, or industrial process optimization, with considerable benefits to the standards of living of European citizens, the environment, and the EU economy, towards the future of clean transportations and novel nanomaterials.

Keywords: combustion,pollution,engines,conventional and alternative fuels,nanoparticles,nanomaterial synthesis,pyrolysis,shock tube,ab initio calculations,chemical kinetic models,synchrotron light
The symplectic geometry of anti-self-dual Einstein metrics (SymplecticEinstein)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Consolidator grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Mathematics
Panel description: All areas of mathematics, pure and applied, plus mathematical foundations of computer science, mathematical physics and statistics
Countries involved: Belgium
Call: ERC Consolidator Grant (ERC-2014-CoG, 2014)
Start date: 2015-09-01
End date: 2021-08-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1162880.0
EU funding (EUR): 1162880.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This project is founded on a new formulation of Einstein's equations in dimension 4, which I developed together with my co-authors. This new approach reveals a surprising link between four-dimensional Einstein manifolds and six-dimensional symplectic geometry. My project will exploit this interplay in both directions: using Riemannian geometry to prove results about symplectic manifolds and using symplectic geometry to prove results about Reimannian manifolds. Our new idea is to rewrite Einstein's equations using the language of gauge theory. The fundamental objects are no longer Riemannian metrics, but instead certain connections over a 4-manifold M. A connection A defines a metric g_A via its curvature, analogous to the relationship between the electromagnetic potential and field in Maxwell's theory. The total volume of (M,g_A) is an action S(A) for the theory, whose critical points give Einstein metrics. At the same time, the connection A also determines a symplectic structure \omega_A on an associated 6-manifold Z which fibres over M. My project has two main goals. The first is to classify the symplectic manifolds which arise this way. Classification of general symplectic 6-manifolds is beyond current techniques of symplectic geometry, making my aims here very ambitious. My second goal is to provide an existence theory both for anti-self-dual Poincaré--Einstein metrics and for minimal surfaces in such manifolds. Again, my aims here go decisively beyond the state of the art. In all of these situations, a fundamental problem is the formation of singularities in degenerating families. What makes new progress possible is the fresh input coming from the symplectic manifold Z. I will combine this with techniques from Riemannian geometry and gauge theory to control the singularities which can occur.

Keywords: symplectic geometry,einstein metrics,gauge theory,non linear pde on manifolds,global analysis,minimal surfaces
Numerical Optimal tRansport for ImAging (NORIA)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Consolidator grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Computer science and informatics
Panel description: Informatics and information systems, computer science, scientific computing, intelligent systems
Countries involved: France
Call: ERC Consolidator Grant (ERC-2016-COG, 2016)
Start date: 2017-10-01
End date: 2023-09-30
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1996720.0
EU funding (EUR): 1996720.0
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

Optimal Transport (OT) theory provides a powerful framework to manipulate probability distributions using simple and intuitive geometric principles. OT distances compare favorably to all other alternatives, notably Euclidean metrics or information divergences, whose outputs are particularly sensitive to changes in quantization and are not suitable to compare point clouds. Because of these and many more favorable properties, OT should be a standard tool in imaging sciences where probability distributions are routinely used. However, at this time, OT is but a confidential tool restricted to niche applications. OT is barely used because it is complex mathematically, which hinders its dissemination in more applied fields, and because it consumes substantial computational resources when used naively. NORIA will address these two bottlenecks and develop the next generation of theoretical, numerical and algorithmic advances to enable large-scale optimal transport computations in imag- ing sciences. The algorithms developed by NORIA will rely on several mathematical breakthroughs: highly parallelizable entropic regularization schemes, Bregman stochastic optimization and gradient flows for metric spaces. They will be implemented using fast optimization codes that will be interfaced through a high-level, easy to use, scripting language. These algorithms will have far reaching applications in imaging sciences and data science in a broad sense. In particular, they will be used in three flagship applications: color and material processing in computer graphics, texture analysis and synthesis in computer vision, and exploration of the visual cortex in neuroimaging. NORIA’s members are key players in the European mathematical school of optimal transport, which is very strong. NORIA is the unique opportunity to give a computational and practical embodiment to this wealth of theoretical knowledge.

Keywords: imaging sciences,optimal transport,histograms,neuroimaging,convex optimization