Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
New Contexts for Old Texts: Unorthodox Texts and Monastic Manuscript Culture in Fourth- and Fifth-Century Egypt (NEWCONT)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Cultures and cultural production
Countries involved: Norway
Call:  (ERC-2011-StG_20101124, 2011)
Start date: 2012-01-01
End date: 2016-12-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1475143.0
EU funding (EUR): 1475143.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Using recently accessible Coptic monastic texts, new philology, and cognitive theories of literature and memory, this project aims to shed important new light on the production and use of some of the most enigmatic manuscripts discovered during the last century, namely the Nag Hammadi codices, together with the highly similar Berlin, Bruce, Askew, and Tchacos codices. This will be done by interpreting the contents of the codices as they are preserved to us in their Coptic versions primarily within the context of fourth- and fifth-century Egyptian monasticism and contemporary Coptic texts. This approach constitutes a decisive shift away from interpretations of the hypothetical Greek originals of this material within hypothetical first, second, or third century contexts all over the Mediterranean world, to a focus on the context of the production and use of the texts as they have been preserved in actual manuscripts. The project will approach the material from a New Philology perspective on manuscript culture, implying a focus on the users and producers of the extant manuscripts, and on textual variants, rewriting, and paratextual features as important clues. From this point of view, the project will also employ cognitive theories of literature and memory in order to illuminate early monastic attitudes towards books, canonicity, and doctrinal diversity in the context of monastic literary practices of copying, writing, memorization, and recitation, and the interfaces between orality and literacy. The project will thus combine new and traditional methodologies within a multi-disciplinary theoretical framework, thus bringing fresh theoretical and historico-philosophical approaches to bear on a traditionally methodologically conservative field of study, and has the potential to radically alter our picture of early Christian monasticism, manuscript culture, and doctrinal diversity.

Keywords: coptic literature,monasticism,apocrypha,manuscript culture,new philology,cognitive poetics,nag hammadi codices,shenoute of atripe,pachomian monasticism
CONFLICT LANDSCAPES & LIFE CYCLES: EXPLORING & PREDICTING AFRICAN POLITICAL VIOLENCE (GEOPV)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Institutions, values, beliefs and behaviour
Countries involved: United Kingdom,Ireland
Call:  (ERC-2011-StG_20101124, 2011)
Start date: 2012-05-01
End date: 2017-06-30
Duration (months): 62.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1416730.0
EU funding (EUR): 1416730.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

The central aim of this work is to explain what causes the various types of political violence found within and across African states. In contrast to the widespread view that conflict is confined to a few crisis prone states, new evidence suggests that almost all states are sites of substantial, widespread political insecurity (Raleigh et al. 2010). Civil war accounts for 35% of the conflict across African states; the remaining 65% is composed of communal and political militia violence, rioting, protests and violence against non-combatants outside of a war context. These forms of ‘invisible’ violence often involve state collusion and present a widespread risk to civilians. This proposal takes a holistic approach, looking at all forms of political violence and seeking to explain them within a novel theoretical framework emphasizing two stages of onset indicators, and employing the latest available disaggregated data methodologies for spatial and temporal dynamics. Further, it introduces spatial and scaled approaches, which are the most rigorous and well suited to a comprehensive conflict study, as risks, triggers and dynamics are spatially inscribed and hierarchical. The theoretical contribution of this work is an examination of how insurgency and opposition violence are spatial and political processes that are shaped by the political, economic and social geographies of states. The empirical contributions include an extension of the most comprehensive data on political events (ACLED) and a merging of these disaggregated data with information on local level political, economic, social and environmental conditions throughout Africa. Methodologically, this project is the first to test spatial and temporal forecasting methods on real-time conflict hotspots. Finally, the conclusions of this work have applicability to development agencies, governing bodies and international regimes concerned with the growing threat emanating from failed and failing states.

Keywords: civil war,africa,governance,environment,spatial analysis,forecasting
Meta-Gesture Music: Social, Embodied, Interactive Musical Instruments (METAGESTUREMUSIC)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Cultures and cultural production
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2011-StG_20101124, 2011)
Start date: 2012-04-01
End date: 2017-03-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1692799.8
EU funding (EUR): 1692799.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The era of recorded music that dominated the 20th century is near its end. Jacques Attali predicted that society would pass from a use of music in "répétition" (reproduction) to physically engaged acts of "composition." Christopher Small coined the term, "musicking" to refer to all acts of engagement with music, breaking down the barriers between performer and spectator. This interdisciplinary project draws upon 3 complementary research fields to create gestural, interactive musical instruments for both musicians and non-musicians alike. It draws upon Auditory Culture studies to understand the cultural significance of music. It uses User Centered Design (UCD) methods to involve the end user in scenario building and creation of design mock ups. These ideas will be implemented in functional interactive musical instruments that are built and programmed using techniques from the field of New Instruments for Musical Expression (NIME). In this way, the project will explore the deep relationships we as humans have to sound and music. Engaging with music is not just a use of the ears, but an involvement of the whole body, the space around us, and the social situations we are in. Together, this creates "embodied musical interaction", interaction with music that is physical, situated, social, and participatory. This vision of music opens up the creative process of music and embraces all acts of engagement with music, from selecting, to listening, to dancing, to performing. The cultural perspective will inform the design of interactive instruments that use advanced sensor technologies such as: biosignal sensors detecting muscle tension, accelerometers on iPhones, motion capture systems for free space movement, to topological tracking with GPS. Sophisticated gesture recognition algorithms will be connected to advanced sound synthesis engines. Innovative techniques for correlating gesture to sound will result in engaging, accessible, embodied interactive musical instruments.

Keywords: interactive music,user centered design,new interfaces for musical expression,auditory culture
Economic Inequality across Italy and Europe, 1300-1800 (EINITE)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The study of the human past
Countries involved: Italy
Call:  (ERC-2011-StG_20101124, 2011)
Start date: 2012-01-01
End date: 2016-12-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 995400.0
EU funding (EUR): 995400.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The aim of EINITE is to clarify the dynamics of economic inequality in Europe from the late Middle Ages up until the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. Very little data about economic inequality during such an early period is available today. Apart from some studies focussed on single years and small areas (usually only one city or a village), the only European region which has been the object of a large research project is Holland. The project will collect an extensive database about economic inequality, mainly of wealth (for which better documentation exists), focussing on Italy from a wider European perspective. Archival research will be concentrated on Italy where particularly good sources exist, but the Italian case will be placed in the varying European context. Published data and existing databases from all over the continent will be collected as terms of comparison. The final version of the project database will be made public. The activity of ENITE will be organized around four main research questions: 1) What is the long-term relationship between economic growth and inequality? This is the main question to which the others are all connected. 2) What were the effects of plagues and other severe mortality crises on property structures? 3) What is the underlying relationship between immigration and urban inequality? 4) How was economic inequality perceived in the past, and how did its perception change over time? The project will also help to explain the origin of the property structures and inequality levels to be found on the eve of the Industrial Revolution. Then, it will provide information relevant to the ‘Kuznets curve’ debate. Overall the project will lead to a better knowledge of economic inequality in the past, which is also expected to help understanding recent developments in inequality levels in Europe and elsewhere.

Keywords: economic inequality,historical demography,concentration of wealth,preindustrial societies,consequences of mortality crises
Bringing GIS to the Digital Humanities: Defining the Spatial Humanities (SPATIALHUMANITIES)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Environment and society
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2011-StG_20101124, 2011)
Start date: 2012-01-01
End date: 2016-12-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1467898.0
EU funding (EUR): 1467898.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This proposal will create a step-change in the way that the humanities explore place, space and geography. Building on the PI’s considerable experience in Digital Humanities and Historical Geographical Information Systems (HGIS), its key aim is to develop and apply methodologies that allow unstructured texts, including books, newspapers and official reports, to be analysed in a GIS environment. The first part of the project will develop these methodologies using technical skills from GIS and corpus linguistics. To truly make a difference to humanities scholarship more broadly, we will apply these techniques to conduct two different but related studies. The first, running in parallel with the methodological development, will analyse qualitative sources to explore writing about the English Lake District before, during and after the Romantic era. The second will broaden the range of sources and the topic by using an extensive range of quantitative and qualitative material to conduct a detailed study of how socio-economic changes and political interventions led to (and sometimes failed to lead to) mortality decline in 19th and early 20th century England & Wales. A fourth strand of the project will use short courses, expert meetings and a conference to broaden the skills-base in the field. Our themes are diverse however our central research question is clear: how can we exploit textual sources within a GIS to broaden our understanding of the humanities. In answering this we will use a highly inter-disciplinary approach that brings together HGIS, Digital Humanities and corpus linguistics, and applies them to literary studies and history. The techniques developed will be capable of being applied to any corpus from ancient manuscripts to modern newspapers and e-resources. This is thus a field defining project that will make a major impact within the humanities and beyond.

Keywords: geographical information systems,historical gis,digital humanities
Territories, Communities and Exchanges in the Sino-Tibetan Kham Borderlands (China) (KHAM)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Institutions, values, beliefs and behaviour
Countries involved: France
Call:  (ERC-2011-StG_20101124, 2011)
Start date: 2012-03-01
End date: 2016-02-29
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 651722.0
EU funding (EUR): 651722.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This research project will focus on the area of the Sino-Tibetan borderlands situated within the People’s Republic of China, and referred to as Kham by Tibetans who make up most of the population of this region divided between the provinces of Sichuan to the east, Yunnan to the south and the Tibet Autonomous Region to the west. This research project intends to explore from a comparative perspective the possible definitions of this entity called Kham, which in the course of history has never strictly corresponded to any administrative unit or coherent whole, and which ultimately should be considered as a land of encounters, a place of métissage (cultural exchanges). By addressing a regional area virtually overlooked by Western research in social science, this project aims to strengthen international academic exchanges and to produce a strong network of collaboration on Kham studies. The multidisciplinary team will undertake ethnographic field studies and documentary research including archival research and contribute fresh, first-hand material to the socio-cultural diversity of Kham. In-depth investigation of the internal diversity of Tibet and its connection with the outside remains sketchy and thus a particular focus of this project is to delve into the complexities of Tibetan society in China. This pioneering work will provide new materials on four complementary cross-disciplinary themes: 1) trade and commerce, 2) ethnicity, religion and local identities, 3) political entities and social organization, and 4) representations and cultural politics, each of which in its own way will improve our understanding of the particular historical, social and political context of the Kham region. Finally, this multi-tiered and multi-scalar approach, with an emphasis on networks, will enhance work on historical mapping, which is still practically non-existent in this region.

Keywords: local identities,ethnicity,social organization,representations,cultural politics,political entities,power,religious institutions,networks,historical mapping,trade,arts and craft
Primate archaeology: an evolutionary context for the emergence of technology (PRIMARCH)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The study of the human past
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2011-StG_20101124, 2011)
Start date: 2012-01-01
End date: 2017-04-30
Duration (months): 64.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1454310.0
EU funding (EUR): 1454310.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Technology is essential to human survival, prompting the fundamental question of why we are the only species ever to have evolved complete reliance on tool use. The Primate Archaeology project examines the evolution of tool use for three wild non-human primate species - chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), bearded capuchins (Cebus libidinosus), and long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis aurea) - in order to place the extraordinary degree of tool use seen in the human lineage into a multi-species comparative context for the first time. These three species are the only primates known to use stone tools in the wild, resulting in long-term archaeological survival of their behavioural residues. Each of our inter-related research aims represents a new approach to the analysis of non-human tool use behaviour, including: 1. Standardised documentation of the technological signatures of multiple wild non-human primate species; 2. Recording the spatial (from site to landscape) and chronological patterns of primate tool use; and 3. Developing a comprehensive theoretical framework for inter-species technological comparisons. A team based at Oxford University will accomplish these aims over a five-year period, in collaboration with leading primatologists worldwide who have partnered with us to provide access to major field sites. This interdisciplinary project provides the first comparative data on the evolution of non-human technology, and involves a significant re-definition of archaeology to include the behavioural evidence of non-human animals. These data are necessary to test new hypotheses about human technological evolution, including the use of pounding technology by early humans, and the role of non-human primate behaviour in constructing models of hominin behaviour. These primate species and their tool use traditions are under imminent threat of extinction, and the opportunity to collect such data will likely be lost within a few decades.

Keywords: non-human primates,tool use,human evolution,animal behaviour,chimpanzee,capuchin,macaque
Disruptive technologies for space Power and Propulsion (DIPOP)

Framework: FP7 — Cooperation
Programme: Space
Destination: Cross-cutting activities
Action type: Coordination and support actions
Countries involved: France,Germany,Germany,Germany,Italy,United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-SPACE-2011-1, 2011)
Start date: 2011-11-01
End date: 2012-12-31
Duration (months): 14.0
Total project cost (EUR): 349281.2
EU funding (EUR): 294703.0
Participants: 6
Project status: CLOSED

DiPoP is an assessment study for the European Space Policy (9.3.5 / SPA.2011.3. 5-01). Disruptive space power and propulsion technologies as well as their applications are assessed. Recommendations and roadmaps for FP8 for enabling an independent, long term European leadership is the “in fine” goal of the project DiPoP. Disruptive space propulsion and power technologies studied are: continuous detonation wave engine, space and ground nuclear fission (power 30 kWe to 200 kWe, including "Rules for Public Acceptance with Launch & Operations Constrains"), solar and fuel cells, batteries, Power-MEMS (Power Micro- Electro-Mechanical System), Advanced Propulsion Systems and Power Processing Units. Space propulsion and power applications under DiPoP covers EC space work programme areas like propulsion (for entry, interplanetary flight, micro-propulsion systems, robotics), space exploration (mobility on planetary surfaces, habitation, life support), space power long term security and related areas.

Keywords: long term power propulsion
Beyond the Genetics of Addiction (ADDICTION)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: ERC Starting Grant Interdisciplinary Panel
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (ERC-2011-StG_20101124, 2011)
Start date: 2011-12-01
End date: 2017-05-31
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1491963.6
EU funding (EUR): 1491963.6
Participants: 3
Project status: CLOSED

My proposal seeks to explain the complex interplay between genetic and environmental causes of individual variation in substance use and the risk for abuse. Substance use is common. Substances like nicotine and cannabis have well-known negative health consequences, while alcohol and caffeine use may be both beneficial and detrimental, depending on quantity and frequency of use. Twin studies (including my own) demonstrated that both heritable and environmental factors play a role. My proposal on substance use (nicotine, alcohol, cannabis and caffeine) is organized around several key objectives: 1. To unravel the complex contribution of genetic and environmental factors to substance use by using extended twin family designs; 2. To identify and confirm genes and gene networks involved in substance use by using DNA-variant data; 3. To explore gene expression patterns with RNA data in substance users versus non-users; 4. To investigate biomarkers in substance users versus non-users using blood or urine; 5. To unravel relation between substance use and health by linking twin-family data to national medical databases. To realize these aims I will use the extensive resources of the Netherlands Twin Register (NTR); including both the longitudinal phenotype database and the biological samples. I have been involved in data collection, coordination of data collection and analyzing NTR data since 1999. With my comprehensive experience in data collection, data analyses and my knowledge in the field of behavior genetics and addiction research I will be able to successfully lead this cutting-edge project. Additional data crucial for the project will be collected by my team. Large samples will be available for this study and state-of-the art methods will be used to analyze the data. All together, my project will offer powerful approaches to unravel the complex interaction between genetic and environmental causes of individual differences in substance use and the risk for abuse.

Keywords: addictive behavior,substance use