Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Bi-literacy: Learning to read in L1 and in L2 (BILITERACY)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The Human Mind and its complexity
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (ERC-2011-ADG_20110406, 2011)
Start date: 2012-05-01
End date: 2017-04-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2487000.0
EU funding (EUR): 2487000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Learning to read is probably one of the most exciting discoveries in our life. Using a longitudinal approach, the research proposed examines how the human brain responds to two major challenges: (a) the instantiation a complex cognitive function for which there is no genetic blueprint (learning to read in a first language, L1), and (b) the accommodation to new statistical regularities when learning to read in a second language (L2). The aim of the present research project is to identify the neural substrates of the reading process and its constituent cognitive components, with specific attention to individual differences and reading disabilities; as well as to investigate the relationship between specific cognitive functions and the changes in neural activity that take place in the course of learning to read in L1 and in L2. The project will employ a longitudinal design. We will recruit children before they learn to read in L1 and in L2 and track reading development with both cognitive and neuroimaging measures over 24 months. The findings from this project will provide a deeper understanding of (a) how general neurocognitive factors and language specific factors underlie individual differences – and reading disabilities– in reading acquisition in L1 and in L2; (b) how the neuro-cognitive circuitry changes and brain mechanisms synchronize while instantiating reading in L1 and in L2; (c) what the limitations and the extent of brain plasticity are in young readers. An interdisciplinary and multi-methodological approach is one of the keys to success of the present project, along with strong theory-driven investigation. By combining both we will generate breakthroughs to advance our understanding of how literacy in L1 and in L2 is acquired and mastered. The research proposed will also lay the foundations for more applied investigations of best practice in teaching reading in first and subsequent languages, and devising intervention methods for reading disabilities.

Keywords: literacy,reading,learning to read in l2,reading disabilities,brain plasticity,brain connectivity.
Genetics of High Cognitive Abilities (GHCA)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The Human Mind and its complexity
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2011-ADG_20110406, 2011)
Start date: 2012-04-01
End date: 2017-03-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2462298.36
EU funding (EUR): 2462298.36
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Although there are many types of cognitive ability, they correlate substantially; general cognitive ability (g) indexes this covariance and is an important predictor of many key life outcomes. The PI’s 40-year programme of research has contributed to a once controversial finding that is now widely accepted: Individual differences in g are substantially influenced by genes, as well as the environment. The proposed research will use cutting-edge methodologies to identify genes responsible for the heritability of g. The PI’s research group conducted the first genome-wide association (GWA) studies of g and of specific cognitive abilities using microarrays to genotype common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) sampled across the genome. Although GWA studies by the PI and others are beginning to identify a few of the genes responsible for genetic influence on cognitive abilities and disabilities, there remains a problem of ‘missing heritability’, in the search for which the proposed research features two innovations. First, by studying a large sample of individuals with exceptionally high g, statistical power to detect associations of small effect size will be boosted. The project will capitalise on the unique Genetics of High Cognitive Abilities (GHCA) resource recently created by the PI: a sample of 2000 individuals with IQs greater than 160, which represents the 99.997th percentile and exceeds the average IQ of Nobel Prize winners. Second, the project will go beyond reliance on common-SNP microarrays to exploit DNA sequencing, which captures all DNA sequence variation including rare variants. The project will fully sequence the exomes (traditional gene-coding regions) of 1000 of the high-g GHCA individuals and replicate results for targeted DNA variants using the other 1000 high-g individuals. Few discoveries would have greater impact across the social and life sciences – from genes to brain to behaviour – than identifying genes associated with g.

Keywords: pending
Darwinism and the Theory of Rational Choice (DARTCH)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The Human Mind and its complexity
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2011-ADG_20110406, 2011)
Start date: 2012-04-01
End date: 2016-12-31
Duration (months): 57.0
Total project cost (EUR): 960928.0
EU funding (EUR): 960928.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The aim of the research project is to explore the relationship between Darwinian evolution and the theory of rational choice, from an overarching philosophical perspective. There exist deep and interesting links, both conceptual and formal, between evolutionary theory and rational choice theory. These arise because a notion of optimization, or maximization, is central to both bodies of theory. Evolutionary biologists typically assume that because of natural selection, animals will behave as if they are trying to maximize their Darwinian fitness (for some appropriate measure of fitness). This is the guiding assumption in much work on animal behaviour. Rational choice theorists typically assume that humans will behave as if they are trying to maximize a utility function. This is the guiding assumption in much work in social science. Thus there is a close parallel between the notion of fitness in evolutionary theory and the notion of utility in the theory of rationality. This parallel has been noted before, by workers in a number of fields, but has never been systematically explored from a philosophical perspective, and has been the source of considerable confusion in the literature. The research project has three inter-related strands. The first is to explore the thematic links between rational choice theory and Darwinian evolution, focusing on the fitness/utility parallel. The second is to examine whether there is an evolutionary foundation for the norms of traditional rational choice theory, such as expected utility maximization, Bayesian updating, and transitivity of preference. The third is to study the tension between individual self-interest and group welfare as it arises in both an evolutionary and a rational-choice context. The research will be carried out by the PI, a team member, two post-docs and a PhD student, using an innovative inter-disciplinary methodology. Research outputs will include a series of articles in leading journals and a monograph.

Keywords: philosophy of biology,evolutionary theory,rational choice theory,decision and game theory,philosophy of social science
Trading and post-trading (TAP)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Individuals, institutions and markets
Countries involved: France
Call:  (ERC-2011-ADG_20110406, 2011)
Start date: 2012-06-01
End date: 2018-05-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 696000.0
EU funding (EUR): 696000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Two of the main functions of financial markets are to discover equilibrium prices, thus providing useful information to the economy, and to enable investors to realize mutually beneficial trades. For markets to serve these goals, it is necessary that i) investors be matched efficiently and trade at prices accurately reflecting relevant information, and that, ii) transactions be executed without counterparty or payment failure. These conditions can fail due to informational frictions (limited rationality, search costs or adverse selection) or opportunistic behaviour. I will study the following issues: How can different trading and post-trading mechanisms mitigate or worsen these problems? Are financial market equilibria information constrained optima? Is there a role for public policies? Is algorithmic trading economically and socially useful? Can investors and institutions’ opportunistic behaviour generate counterparty risk? How do informational frictions affect market liquidity? What are the welfare properties of such trading institutions as electronic order books, high-frequency algorithmic trading, margin deposits, and central clearing counterparties? To study these issues, I will rely on theoretical models, and empirical analyses of financial markets data.

Keywords: trading,post-trading,liquidity,adverse selection,search,electronic limit order book,algorithmic trading,margin deposits,central clearing counterparty
Seismic-Initiated events risk mitigation in LEad-cooled Reactors (SILER)

Framework: FP7 — Euratom
Programme: Nuclear fission and radiation protection
Theme: Research infrastructure
Destination: Reactor Systems
Action type: Collaborative project
Countries involved: Italy,France,Belgium,Germany,European organisations area,Sweden,Spain,Italy,Latvia,Austria,France,Spain,France,Germany,Italy
Call:  (FP7-Fission-2011, 2011)
Start date: 2011-10-01
End date: 2014-09-30
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 4450851.9
EU funding (EUR): 2926133.4
Participants: 18
Project status: CLOSED

SILER is a Project aimed at studying the risk associated to seismic initiated events in Generation IV Heavy Liquid Metal reactors and developing adequate protection measures. The attention is focused on the evaluation of the effects of earthquakes (with particular regards to beyond design seismic events and tsunamis) and to the identification of mitigation strategies, acting both on structures/components design as well as on the development of isolation devices, which can also have positive effects on economics, leading to an high level of plant design standardization. Attention is devoted also to the identification of plant layout solutions able to avoid risks of radioactive release from both the core and other structures (i.e. the spent fuel storage pools). Specific effort is devoted to the development of guidelines and recommendations for addressing the seismic issue in next generation reactor systems. In addition, consideration will be devoted to transfer the knowledge developed in the project to Generation III advanced systems, in line with the objective of the SNE-TP SRA to support present and future Light Water Reactors and their further development, for which safety issues are key aspects to be addressed. Note, in this respect, that the benefits of seismic isolation in terms of response to design seismic actions are already widely recognized for Generation III LWRs, along with the possibility of a significant standardization of structural and equipment design.

Keywords: lead cooled reactors,earthquakes,tsunami,seismic isolation,external events risk mitigation
Realizing the European Network in Biodosimetry (RENEB)

Framework: FP7 — Euratom
Programme: Nuclear fission and radiation protection
Theme: Radiation protection
Destination: Radiation Protection
Action type: Coordination and support actions
Countries involved: Germany,Germany,France,Italy,Germany,Poland,Romania,France,Portugal,Spain,Netherlands,Bulgaria,Greece,Hungary,Norway,Finland,Sweden,Spain,Belgium,Spain,United Kingdom,United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-Fission-2011, 2011)
Start date: 2012-01-01
End date: 2015-12-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1551318.6
EU funding (EUR): 999182.59
Participants: 26
Project status: CLOSED

Creating a sustainable network in biological dosimetry that involves a large number of experienced laboratories throughout the EU will significantly improve the accident and emergency response capabilities in case of a large-scale radiological emergency. A well organised cooperated action involving EU laboratories will offer the only chance for a fast and trustworthy dose assessment urgently needed in an emergency situation. The goal of RENEB is to establish a sustainable European network in biological dosimetry involving 23 organisations from 16 countries identified by the TENEB survey, that will guarantee highest efficiency in processing and scoring of biological samples for fast, reliable results implemented in the EU emergency management. This goal will be achieved through 5 tasks: 1) To create an operational basis of the network, based on coordination of the existing reliable and proven methods in biological dosimetry. 2) To expand and improve the network implementing appropriate new, molecular biology methods and integrating new partners. 3) To assure high quality standards by education and training activities of members and interested non-members. Here, special focus will be placed on quality assurance and management regarding the performed assays and involved laboratories. 4) To develop an operational structure of the network including contacts to national first responders, a well organised transnational infrastructure to facilitate cross-border transport of human biological samples, a long term funding strategy and to prepare an agenda to transform RENEB into a legal organisation. 5) To guarantee dissemination of knowledge by providing access to internal and external communication platforms and databases and close cooperation with national and global emergency preparedness systems and organisations. All of these activities are strictly complementary to on-going projects in the EU Security Research Programme, specifically to MULTIBIODOSE and to EURADOS.

Keywords: biological dosimetry,networking,large-scale radiological emergency,emergency management
Predisposed mechanisms for social orienting: A comparative neuro-cognitive approach (PREMESOR)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The Human Mind and its complexity
Countries involved: Italy
Call:  (ERC-2011-ADG_20110406, 2011)
Start date: 2012-06-01
End date: 2017-11-30
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2367922.0
EU funding (EUR): 2367922.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Predispositions for newly hatched/born vertebrates, including humans, to attend to and preferentially learn about conspecifics, are pervasive and can be of vital biological importance. Such predispositions are, however, very poorly understood. Studying them, and their physiological, genetic, molecular and neural bases, is crucial for an understanding of typical and atypical human development. Indeed, some have suggested that lack of such predispositions may contribute to autism. We will develop a detailed animal model of vertebrate social predispositions using the domestic chick, relating this work closely to equivalent behavioural and neural measures in human newborns including those at risk of autism, for which there is no widely accepted animal model. We aim to:(1) identify in chicks neural systems underlying known social predispositions; (2) study their physiological, genetic and molecular bases; (3) pursue behavioural parallels between chick and human predispositions; (4) study brain structures activated in human newborns as they view social stimuli; (5) by studying social attachment in chicks not expressing specific predispositions, develop a secure animal model of autism.

Keywords: imprinting,biological predisposition,biological motion,chick
Twentieth Century Structural Engineering: the Italian contribution (SIXXI)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Cultures and cultural production
Countries involved: Italy
Call:  (ERC-2011-ADG_20110406, 2011)
Start date: 2012-03-01
End date: 2017-02-28
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 987270.0
EU funding (EUR): 987270.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The research project focuses on the works and protagonists of twentieth century structural engineering in Italy. The general goal of the research is to give a major contribution to the international history of the role of engineering in architecture. Beyond the confines of its national focus, the proposal aims to bring out the fundamental role played by Italian structural engineering in the history of modern architecture, to date largely ignored. The contributions of major figures such as Pier Luigi Nervi, Riccardo Morandi, but also Silvano Zorzi, Sergio Musmeci, Giulio Krall, Gino Covre and others have been overlooked up to now. The relationship between architecture and engineering have focused largely on developments in other countries: France, Switzerland, England and US. The research project aims to fill the missing and significant Italian contribution in the international panorama. The project has various objectives: - Substantially improve knowledge on this issue by focusing research on individual engineers and their works; - Introduce/strengthen the History of Civil Engineering in University Engineering and Architecture Departments (to date in Italy this subject has been completely overlooked) as a fundamental area concerning the history of construction; - Train young researchers in this sector and organize a knowledge network available to experts and administrations; - Promote the exploitation and protection of these works by the authorities. This ambitious project aims to identify the major contribution of Italian Engineering to the European and international twentieth century architecture; and to contextualize the outstanding Italian engineering success, particularly during the economic boom, in the international panorama. It passionately delves into the research area that Eugenio Battisti defined as “a new frontier of historiography”.

Keywords: construction history
Lived Ancient Religion: Questioning "cults" and "polis religion" (LAR)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The study of the human past
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (ERC-2011-ADG_20110406, 2011)
Start date: 2012-06-01
End date: 2017-05-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2326220.0
EU funding (EUR): 2326220.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This project takes a completely new perspective on the religious history of Mediterranean antiquity, starting from the individual and “lived” religion instead of cities or peoples. “Lived ancient religion” suggests a set of experiences, of practices addressed to, and conceptions of the divine, which are appropriated, expressed, and shared by individuals in diverse social spaces. Within this spatial continuum from the primary space of a) the family, b) the secondary space of associations, c) to the shared space of public institutions and d) trans-local literary communication four research fields are defined. In each of them a sub-project addresses representative complexes of evidence in different parts of the Mediterranean in the Imperial period. They are bound together by the transversal analysis of the interaction of individuals with the agents of traditions and providers of religious services in the various fields. The methodological innova¬tion of the “lived ancient religion” approach is defined through the notions of religious experience, embodiment, and “culture formed in interaction", which are intended to replace the present foci of symbols, rituals, and “culture as text”. In order to transgress the usual research boundaries of “cults” and “religions” the bodies of evidence brought together within the sub-projects cover ancient Mediterranean religion geographically in an extended manner, focusing on Egypt and Italy, Syria and Greece, but also including evidence from the Western and Danubian provinces as well as from North Africa. The project of “Lived Ancient Religion” is pioneering inasmuch as it develops and tests a far-reaching alternative model to “cults” and “polis religion” in order to analyse and describe ancient Mediterranean religion. Its risk lies in modifying the methodology implied in the “lived religion” approach to contemporary religion for the necessities of a body of evidence that is characteristic of a “dead religion”.

Keywords: religious experience,cult,archaelogy of religion,roman religion,individual religion,domestic religion,religious boundaries
PELlets versus GRanulates: Irradiation, Manufacturing & Modelling (PELGRIMM)

Framework: FP7 — Euratom
Programme: Nuclear fission and radiation protection
Theme: Research infrastructure
Destination: Reactor Systems
Action type: Collaborative project
Countries involved: France,France,Italy,France,European organisations area,Germany,Sweden,Netherlands,Switzerland,Belgium
Call:  (FP7-Fission-2011, 2011)
Start date: 2012-01-01
End date: 2017-06-30
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 7338360.2
EU funding (EUR): 2999999.0
Participants: 12
Project status: CLOSED

PELGRIMM is a 4 year project, addressing Minor-Actinide (MA) bearing fuel developments for Generation IV Fast Reactor Systems to support the Strategic Research Agenda (SRA) of the European Sustainable Nuclear Energy –Technology Platform (SNE-TP). Both options, MA homogeneous recycle in driver fuels with MA content at a few percent, and heterogeneous recycle on UO2 fuels bearing high MA contents, located in the radial core blanket, are considered. Two fuel forms (pellet and spherepac) will be investigated. Indeed, spherepac technology (that leads to production of beads that can be directly loaded in pins) is attractive regarding MA-bearing fuels as it would lead to a significant simplification of the fabrication process and to a better accommodation of solid swelling (compared to pellets) under irradiation. These developments extend Europe's leading role in this area. A total of 12 partners from research institutions, education establishments and industries will collaborate to share and leverage their skills, progress and achievements, covering a comprehensive set of investigations: fuel fabrication, fuel behaviour under irradiation through an irradiation test and the execution of Post Irradiation Examinations, modelling and simulation of fuel behaviour and performance under irradiation, from normal operating conditions to severe accidents, and finally by providing unique education and training possibilities. Finally, synergies will be sought with other ongoing European projects. Furthermore, the PELGRIMM project will contribute actively to the EURATOM’s contribution to Generation IV International Forum (especially SFR).

Keywords: fuel,transmutation,minor actinides,oxide,irradiation,fabrication,modelling,spherepac,pellet,safety