Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Structure and Function of the Dynein Tail (DYNTAIL)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-07-01
End date: 2014-06-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 200371.8
EU funding (EUR): 200371.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Movement is a defining characteristic of life at the sub-cellular level. Dynein is one of the motor proteins that power this movement. It carries a wide range of cargos and dynein dysfunction has been implicated in many human diseases. Unlike other motors only one cytoplasmic dynein exists which suggests that it has unique mechanisms for controlling specificity i.e. how it carries cargo to the right place at the right time. In order to understand these mechanisms detailed structural knowledge of the cargo interacting dynein tail will be essential. We propose to study the structure dynein tail by achieving three independent objectives. 1) Obtain the crystal structure of the yeast dynein tail. To do this we will combine a plasmid based S. cerevisiae expression system developed at our institute with advanced fermentation techniques. 2) Recombinantly express mammalian dynein tail complexes for single particle electron microscopic analysis and biochemical characterization. This will be achieved using novel molecular biological techniques for expressing protein complexes combined with cryo-EM. 3) Analysis of viral interactions with dynein. This will be achieved by reconstituting dynein/virus movement in vitro and subsequently analyzing dynein/virus complexes by EM tomography. Together these approaches will allow us to analyze the structure and function of the whole dynein tail complex to gain insight in dynein/cargo specificity for the first time. This innovative project will significantly strengthen European science by serving as an excellent starting point for many new and groundbreaking lines of research. Furthermore, it will allow the applicant move to a different European country as well as switch fields of research.

Keywords: structural biology,dynein,cytoskeleton,motor protein,electron microscopy,virus
High-intensity focused ultrasound intracardiac ablation with real-time monitoring using shear-wave imaging (HIFUSWI-INTRACARDIAC)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IIF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-10-15
End date: 2014-10-14
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 193594.8
EU funding (EUR): 193594.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Arrhythmias are a major cause of death and disability worldwide and their prevalence is expected to rise with the aging of the population. Recent technological advances have led to the development of new treatments based on radio-frequency (RF) catheter ablation to treat and even cure these conditions. However, challenges in treatment persist. RF ablation is currently performed via direct contact with the endocardium, limiting the depth of tissue injury unless high temperatures are used, which lead to higher risks of clot formation. Another major limitation is the lack of combined imaging modality for real-time monitoring of the treatment and for accurate assessment of the lesion extent. Our objective is to construct an ultrasound-based intra-cardiac ultrasound therapy/imaging system that can perform ablation using high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) and can monitor the size and temperature of the ablation lesion using shear wave imaging (SWI). The specific aims of are 1) to develop an intra-cardiac hybrid system to perform HIFU, real-time temperature and lesion size monitoring using SWI, 2) Validate and optimize the imaging/therapy system in an animal model and 3) Demonstrate the feasibility of real-time RF ablation monitoring in patients using SWI. This project is tailored to facilitate the transfer of knowledge of the experienced researcher in imaging the with ultrasound at very high frame-rate the electromechanical properties of the heart. Upon completion, this project will result in the development of an intra-cardiac ultrasound system that allows performing non-contact ablation transmurally while monitoring the lesion site growth and temperature in real time. The capability of ablating at any location in the thickness of the myocardium while simultaneously assess the size of the lesion, has the potential to accelerate procedures, reduce the risks, and, provide a new approach to assess the success of the ablation.

Keywords: technological sciences,biomedical engineering,cardiology
The role of microRNAs in the Retinal Bipolar Cell (RBC MIRNA)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IIF, 2011)
Start date: 2013-02-01
End date: 2015-06-06
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 192622.2
EU funding (EUR): 192622.2
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

Studies conducted at the Friedrich Meischer Institute (FMI) in Basel have focused on the roles of miRNAs specific to the retina. They have recently shown that absence of functional miRNA expression has severe consequences on mature cone photoreceptors of the mouse retina; a selective and dramatic reduction of cone-specific gene expression arises with the cone-specific loss of regulation by miRNAs in adult mice. The bipolar cells act post-synaptically to the photoreceptors where they not only transmit but also process the light signal received from rods and cones. In this proposal I wish to examine whether absence of functional miRNAs have as severe implications for the bipolar cells as they do for cone photoreceptors. In addition by profiling the miRNA population of these highly specialised neurons I hope to uncover miRNA/mRNA interactions that can fine-tune synaptic transmission and thus contribute to visual processing.

Keywords: natural sciences,retinal bipolar cell,mirnas,neuromodulation,gene regulation,transgenic mouse models
Europe in Ottoman Palestine: Millenarist Settlements in the 19th century Holy Land, 1841-1882 (EUROPE IN PALESTINE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF, 2011)
Start date: 2013-02-01
End date: 2015-01-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 174475.2
EU funding (EUR): 174475.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This research project deals with the earliest settlement attempts of European millenarist Christians in 19th century Palestine. Millenarism as the belief in the Second Coming of Christ and his thousand-year reign on earth is an ideology which has not received much attention from historians of the Middle East. Millenarist ideas have however played an important role in shaping European and North American views of the Middle East and continue to do so particularly in the United States, as well as in some evangelical milieus in Europe. In the 19th century, European and North American millenarists founded several settlements in Palestine which constitute an important element in the entwined history of the Middle East and Europe. The social and transnational aspects of these settlements are at the center of this research project. For millenarist Christians, Palestine was not only the future stage of judgment day, but also an important meeting ground on which they built links with fellow believers from different parts of Europe and North America. This project will therefore focus firstly on the religious milieus and support networks of the settlers in their home countries, and secondly on the social and political contexts of millenarist settlements in Palestine, and especially on their relationships with the indigenous population and the Ottoman administration. Archival research in five countries (Great Britain, Germany, United States, Jordan and Turkey) will make it possible to compare the support networks millenarist settlers had back in their home countries (missionary archives), the different degrees of political support which millenarist settlers enjoyed (consular correspondence) and the difficulties they encountered in their coexistence with the indigenous population (Ottoman court and state archives).

Keywords: history of religions,social history,colonial history,millenarism,transnationalism,ottoman empire,palestine
Linking living plant traits to soil biogeochemical functions in ecosystem patches under different land use regimes using an isotope-based assessment (PLABIOF)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Belgium
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IOF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-10-01
End date: 2015-11-30
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 193405.8
EU funding (EUR): 193405.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Nitrogen cycling is an important aspect of ecosystem functioning and global change. Plants affect soil N cycling through a series of direct and indirect mechanisms. It is therefore essential to understand how human-induced shifts in plant communities modify soil N cycling. One emerging approach to assess these links is by expressing vegetation data based on the functional characteristics (‘traits’) of the plants that make up an ecosystem. In this study, four different land use patches under different historic and present land management within a regional landscape will be selected, and characterized according to their plant functional diversity. Living plant, but not soil effects, on gross N cycling and microbial community structure will be determined using root-permeable cores filled with a common soil, and installed in the land use patches 9-15 months prior to isotope-based N cycling measurements. Statistical RLQ analysis will be used to investigate links between plant traits and biogeochemical ecosystem functioning. The innovative nature of this project lies in the combination of state-of-the-art methods and concepts in plant ecology and biogeochemistry that complement each other in a multi- and interdisciplinary framework. This is achieved by integrating expertise of two research institutions that share a common research interest in global change ecology, but each have a very different conceptual and methodological background in the complementary scientific subdisciplines of plant ecology (outgoing host) and biogeochemistry (return host). The proposal contains a 2-year training period to learn and apply the use of plant trait approaches at one of the worldwide leading institutes in trait-based ecology (Multidisciplinary Institute of Plant Biology, Córdoba, Argentina). The acquired skills and knowledge will be disseminated through several mentoring and tutoring mechanisms at the return host institution (Laboratory of Applied Physical Sciences, Ghent, Belgium).

Keywords: plant ecology,biochemical and hydrological cycles,ecosystem management,soil ecology,environmental biology
Movement and Migration in Irish Prehistory (MMIP)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-10-01
End date: 2014-09-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 209033.4
EU funding (EUR): 209033.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The aim of this project is to achieve a better understanding of human population movements and migrations during the Mesolithic and early Neolithic periods in the Atlantic regions of northwest Europe. The investigation will especially focus on the role of such movements in bringing about social, cultural and economic changes in Ireland and Britain, including the arrival and spread of agriculture. This will be achieved through conducting original isotope analysis of human and animal remains from the region and integrating the results of this work with genetic and traditional archaeological evidence for population movements in early prehistory. As a vital part of the project the fellow will develop research excellence in all aspects of isotope analysis and additional competencies that will allow him to lead a research team engaged in a wider programme on population movement and migration in early prehistory. This will give the fellow the opportunity to build on his extensive knowledge of human movement and mobility in early prehistory and to develop expertise in a state-of-the art field of research, i.e. archaeological isotope analysis, which presently cannot be acquired in his home country.

Keywords: social sciences
Testing the multi-component model of human cognitive abilities (TEMCOM)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-09-01
End date: 2014-08-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 191675.4
EU funding (EUR): 191675.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

What causes people to differ in their mental abilities? The most replicated result in the study of individual differences is that people who perform better on one kind of mental ability test tend to perform better on other kinds of tests as well. After more than a century of research there is still no scientific consensus on the reasons of this phenomenon. The existence of a general mental ability that permeates any human intellectual activity has been proposed, but this hypothesis does not sit well with findings in cognitive psychology and neuroscience. In his PhD thesis, the Applicant has provided an alternative account, which has been further developed in collaboration with a researcher from Princeton University. This account, the multi-component model of human intelligence (MCM), postulates that all mental tasks tap a vast array of different psychological processes. One of the main reasons behind a century of disagreement on the nature of mental abilities is the separation of what has been called the two disciplines of scientific psychology: experimental and differential. The former is concerned with universal characteristics of human cognition, whereas the latter attempts to explain the causes of variation in mental abilities. The MCM provides a model of individual differences that stems from contemporary advances in experimental cognitive psychology and neuroscience. Yet, in order to yield a theory that overcomes the separation of the two disciplines, it still has to provide a measurement model for differential psychology as well as a mathematical model of test performance based on modern test theory. The primary aim of the project is to develop these models and test them, along with a specific prediction of the theory, on already available large-scale data sets using structural equation modeling and item response theory. Besides this main goal, the proposal includes two side projects that enable the Applicant to master cutting-edge statistical techniques.

Keywords: cognitive science,individua differences,mental abilities,structural equation modeling,item response theory
Active Behaviour Demands Active Security: New Approaches to Mobile Device Security (ACTIVMOBSEC)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IIF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-09-28
End date: 2014-09-27
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 200371.8
EU funding (EUR): 200371.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

As mobile devices are increasingly used in day-to-day tasks involving sensitive information, authentication and money, they are becoming attractive targets for attackers. Recent attacks against mobile devices have succeeded in leaking the sensitive information stored on the device and have provided attackers financial gain through the unauthorized use of phone and messaging services. While the current state-of-the-art is designed with security in mind and provides a level of protection they are static and have a major assumption: every user will download applications from the ‘official app store’ in which, submitted applications are statically checked and validated prior to being admitted. The app store validation is mainly based on permission checks and code verification prior to installation. However, once the application passes and makes its way to the user’s mobile device, no further security checks occur. This leaves the users open for sophisticated attacks involving various data leak cases or the interaction of existing applications on the device. Therefore, ACTIVMOBSEC proposes an active approach based on user and application behaviour modelling, similar but not identical to anomaly detection, for detecting the behaviour changes on the device. The main challenge is to differentiate between legitimate changes (i.e., software updates) and the malicious acts such as device theft, malware infection or data leaks. To this end, ACTIMOBSEC aims to improve the user awareness and provide clear and concise information on the device state. Furthermore, a user centric validation technique will be investigated to provide a way for only the legitimate user to train his/her device while the malicious use and users will cause the device to operate in a defensive state, preventing access to sensitive data and functions.

Keywords: technology,mobile device security,behaviour modelling,machine learning,usability
Planning in Equality? Urban Strategy and Inequality in Global South Cities (URBAN INEQUALITY)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IOF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-09-01
End date: 2015-02-28
Duration (months): 30.0
Total project cost (EUR): 228311.55
EU funding (EUR): 228311.55
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The rapid urbanization in the Global South is one of the greatest challenges of the 21st century, taking place through highly unequal and largely informal development. In this context, various “urban strategies” are promoted to “harness urbanization to deliver equitable and inclusive growth”. However, there is insufficient knowledge to date on the adeptness of such strategies and other “strategic plans” and “visions” to address the challenges of urban inequality in a way that corresponds to local conditions and lived experiences in Global South cities. To fill this lacuna, the project will examine how concepts of urban inequality – theories, methodologies and “best practices” regarding socio-spatial disparities in cities, their consequences, and ways to tackle them – are formulated, mediated and negotiated through urban strategic processes. The research will offer: (1) a cross-national comparison of strategies, highlighting their spatial imaginary and “visual politics” vis-à-vis inequality; (2) an in-depth analysis of the urban strategy process in one Global South city (potentially Mumbai/Delhi or Cape Town/Johannesburg). It will follow both grassroots and grasstops processes through which diverse concepts, values and visions relating to inequality shape urban strategy, at several levels: the international development organization, national and local government, business elites, NGOs, middle-class and marginalized urban communities. It will consist of a multi-method ethnography, including interviews with key stakeholders, participant observation, analysis of plans and policy documents, and innovative visual methods. Based at the interdisciplinary Center for Global Metropolitan Studies at Berkeley and the Center for Urban and Regional Studies at the Technion, with further mobility to the Global South, the project will strengthen research networks and make a substantial contribution in the fields of planning, urban sociology and critical development studies.

Keywords: social sciences,urban sociology,social geography,international development,urban planning,strategic planning,inequality,ethnography
PSEUDODIFFERENTIAL OPERATORS AND OPERATOR IDEALS (PSEUDODIFFOPERATORS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IIF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-06-18
End date: 2014-06-17
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 209033.4
EU funding (EUR): 209033.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This project will be consecrated to the investigation in various independent and intertwined fields in analysis, the theory of pseudodifferential operators, harmonic analysis and the theory of operators ideals. We will apply the theory of pseudodifferential operators to study degenerate elliptic equations, degenerate hyperbolic operators, fractional powers of subelliptic operators, Sobolev estimates. In particular we will investigate regularity on Sobolev spaces, invertibility and the Cauchy problem for degenerate hyperbolic equations. The study of degenerate equations is a field of intenssive research with important applications in physics and engineering. A second field of interest will be the study of pseudodifferential operators on compact Lie groups applying techniques of Weyl-Hörmander calculus. Concerning nuclear operators and Schatten von Neumann ideals we shall be interested in finding sufficient and/or neccesary conditions for the belongness to a such kind of ideals, in particular we will study different ideals of operators on certain Lie groups and investigate the case of pseudodifferential operators. The study of traces is important in its own, traces of pseudodifferential operators play an essential role in the study of geometric and topological invariants. The belongness of a pseudodifferential operator to a Schatten-von Neumann ideal constitutes a way to measure its regularity, the case of localization operators is relevant in time-frequency analysis.

Keywords: pseudodifferential operators,microlocal analysis,operator ideals,trace formulas,fourier analysis,boundedness,non-homogeneous calculus