Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Social Dynamics of Civil Wars (CIVILWARS)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Panel description: Political science, international relations, law
Countries involved: France
Call: ERC Advanced Grant (ERC-2014-ADG, 2014)
Start date: 2016-01-01
End date: 2021-12-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2500000.0
EU funding (EUR): 2500000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Each year, civil wars cause hundreds of thousands of deaths, millions of refugees, ecological disruptions, regional instability. These conflicts encompass many players and their effects are felt not only at the regional level but also within Western societies (refugees, terrorism, sectarian tensions). Despite this, no systematic comparison of civil wars have been conducted using a qualitative method. Social scientists are struggling to understand these breakdowns of the social order, which are fertile from a theoretical perspective because they de-trivialize the social functioning. In civil war, the partial or total institutional collapse marks the end of the (imperfect) monopoly of the state with regards to violence and justice, challenges the social and ethnic hierarchies and also provokes fluctuation of the economic and social capital. Accordingly, we will address three questions. First, the sudden and non-anticipated reconfiguration of modes of accumulation and conversion of capitals and the relationship between social fields. Next, the formation of competing institutions by politico-military movements involved in the construction of an alternative political order. Finally, individual adaptations to risks and uncertainty affecting the ability of actors to anticipate the consequences of their actions and reassess their own values and engagement. The implementation of this program of comparative sociology of civil wars will draw on extensive fieldwork. This requires an adapted methodology for researchers faced with unpredictable situations, where quantitative methods fall short. Prosopography, semi- or unstructured interviews and participant observation are therefore prioritised. The creation of an interdisciplinary team of sociologists, political scientists and anthropologists will be able to carry out research based on thick description, following 25 years of experience by the PI in collecting data and supervising researchers in areas afflicted by civi

Keywords: civil wars,social capital,state monopoly,ethnic conflict
The fate and persistence of microplastics and associated pathogens in lowland rivers (MICROPATH)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Environment and Geosciences
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2018, 2018)
Start date: 2021-01-01
End date: 2022-12-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 224933.76
EU funding (EUR): 224933.76
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Microplastics (MPs), defined as between 1μm to 5 mm in diameter, are abundant within freshwater ecosystems and deposit and accumulate within stream transient storage areas, such as streambed sediments. Pathogenic bacteria use microplastics as a substrate, and therefore MPs can be used as a vector of disease transmission in streams. MPs can both impair the ecological quality of aquatic systems and pose a public health risk. Monitoring programs are often combined with mathematical models to assess risk for a wide range of flow conditions. A hydrodynamic model provides a powerful tool to identify high risk zones of MPs and pathogens in streams, such as hot spots of accumulation within sediments, and to predict the response to dynamic flow conditions. The overall goal of this proposal is to pioneer the development and field validation of a microplastic fate and transport model for predicting the persistence of microplastics and pathogens in streams worldwide, particularly lowland streams prevalent in the UK and Europe. The field study site is the Tame river, a headwater stream in Birmingham greatly impacted by urban influence. The project will assess three main objectives: 1) to accurately predict the fate and persistence of MPs in lowland streams by applying a hydrodynamic model that appropriately characterise their transport and varied residence time based on size, 2) to measure the spatial heterogeneity of MPs and pathogenic bacteria accumulation (separated by size fractions) in streambed sediments and important hydraulic drivers, and 3) improve predictions and fate of both MPs and pathogens by incorporating size-dependent immobilization and remobilization rates into the hydrodynamic model. The proposed project will advance a critical step for ongoing MP research by providing an advanced hydrodynamic model as a tool to improve predictions of MP and pathogen persistence in streams, and a synthesis study to advance knowledge on the fate of MPs in urban streams.

Keywords: microplastics,fine particle transport,pathogenic bacteria,persistence,transmission
A demonstration plant of enhanced biogas production with Add-On technology (ADD-ON)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Societal Challenges
Programme: Climate action, environment,  resource efficiency and raw materials
Action type: SME instrument
Countries involved: Germany,Finland
Call: Boosting the potential of small businesses for eco-innovation and a sustainable supply of raw materials (H2020-SMEINST-2-2014, 2014)
Start date: 2015-03-01
End date: 2020-06-30
Duration (months): 64.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2021077.5
EU funding (EUR): 1414754.25
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

The overall goal of the business innovation project is to commercialise Ductor’s proprietary nitrogen-control technology that has the potential to revolutionise the economics of biogas production. Our technology, based on cumulative R&D investment of over 4 m€, is capable to remove over 60% of nitrogen from several organic waste materials. This enables broader utilisation of high-nitrogen organic waste such as chicken manure in biogas production, which allows millions of tons of unexploited organic waste in Europe to be processed cleanly, economically and efficiently. Via Ductor’s technology, biogas producers can, for example, increasingly replace maize silage with chicken manure as biogas feedstock. With this approach alone, the European biogas producers could achieve a combined +1 b€ improvement in their profitability while also cutting CO2 emissions by 1.5 million tons and releasing 811,000 hectares of field for socially and environmentally more sustainable use such as food production. During the project, we will scale up our current pilot equipment to industrial scale together with our partner, a European biogas producer. We will also confirm the expected benefits of our technology in industrial environment and optimise the technology for a broad range of feedstocks to cater all customer needs. The project will enable fast commercialisation of our product within the first targeted customer group: the existing small and mid-sized biogas plants in Germany, the largest biogas market in the world. Within this segment, our primary targets are appr. 2,000 biogas plants that currently utilise maize silage in biogas production. Confirming our value proposition in this customer group enables us to develop our technology to meet the requirements of larger biogas plants as well. The targeted final outcome of the project is to build a comprehensive product portfolio for both existing biogas plants and new biogas plant projects in all size categories globally.

Keywords: ammonification,anaerobic digestion,biogas,climate change,fertilizer,maize silage,manure,nitrogen recovery,organic waste,reject water recirculation,renewable energy,stripping
Observation Platform for Technological and Institutional Consolidation of research in Safety and Security (OPTICS2)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Societal Challenges
Programme: Smart, green and integrated transport
Action type: Coordination and support actions
Countries involved: Italy,Germany,Spain,Italy,Belgium,France,Netherlands,United Kingdom
Call: Identification of gaps, barriers and needs in the aviation research (H2020-MG-2017-SingleStage-RTD-MOVE, 2017)
Start date: 2017-10-01
End date: 2021-09-30
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1493597.5
EU funding (EUR): 1493597.5
Participants: 10
Project status: CLOSED

OPTICS2 aims at providing a comprehensive evaluation of relevant Safety and Security R&I in aviation and air transport. The main objective of the project is assessing if Europe is performing the right safety and security research and if the research is delivering the expected benefits to society. OPTICS2 will be the continuation of the work started in OPTICS. The successful methodology for assessing EU Research developed in OPTICS will be further refined in OPTICS2 – based on the lessons learnt over the past four years – and extended to the security research. The purpose is to offer to ACARE and to other key aviation stakeholders a wider perspective on the recent and on-going research in Europe and to show where are the main gaps and bottlenecks towards the achievement of FlightPath 2050 Safety and Security goals. The overall OPTICS2 concept is to work like a magnifying lens, seeing all the way from the Safety and Security Goals of FlightPath 2050 through the clusters of R&I activities necessary to realise these goals, down to the research projects. The bottom-up approach, based on the identification, selection and assessment of R&I projects, focuses on how these projects and programmes cover the ACARE Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda (SRIA) Capabilities – and hence the Enablers, clusters and FlightPath 2050 goals. This approach allows the identification of research strengths and gaps, as well as bottlenecks or constraints affecting research progress. But there is always the chance that the SRIA is missing a relevant research avenue. The bottom-up assessment is therefore complemented by workshops with aviation experts and stakeholders intended to identify the research priorities and the impact on stakeholders’ activities. The results from bottom-up and top-down processes are reviewed and compiled to provide strategic recommendations to the EC and/or ACARE via an annual ‘State-of-the-Art’ report, including suggested corrective actions and priorities.

Keywords: aviation,safety,security,research,flightpath 2050,strategic research and innovation agenda,research state of the art
Forensic Culture. A Comparative Analysis of Forensic Practices in Europe, 1930-2000 (FORCe)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Consolidator grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: The study of the human past
Panel description: Archaeology, history and memory
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call: ERC Consolidator Grant (ERC-2017-COG, 2017)
Start date: 2018-09-01
End date: 2024-02-29
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2000000.0
EU funding (EUR): 2000000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

In television series like CSI and Criminal Minds forensic scientists can solve even the trickiest cases within a few hours. Technologies such as blood-spatter analysis, DNA and autopsies aid in reconstructing the crime and psychiatric classifications like ‘psychopath’ help to identify the perpetrator. Science and technology’s impartial and unambiguous results seem to ensure that justice is done equally for everyone. In reality, however, the role and impact of forensic science depend on where the court is located. Scholars have attributed this regional variance to either the availability of technology or the different legal systems. These explanations have not been backed up by empirical or comparative research and do not sufficiently explain why scientific experts are powerful in some national courtrooms, but dismissed in others. Moreover, they neglect a third, vital factor: culture. This project will demonstrate the cultural influences that determine how forensic science was accepted in Europe (1930-2000) by focusing on historically and nationally variable political ideology, media representations and norms on gender and sexuality. The project’s hypothesis is that cultural ideas and practices have been major determinants in the position of science in the courtroom. To test this, I will use criminal cases in which gender plays an important role: rape, murder and infanticide. Because these often play out in the media as well as the courtroom, they can best unveil the power of culture. The forensic practices of four countries with differing legal systems and ideologies will be compared (the Netherlands, England, Spain and Russia). FORCe will analyse the entangled relationships between forensic science, medicine and psychiatry, using an innovative comparative cultural-historical approach. The results will explain how scientific expertise works in practice and impacts the administration of justice.
Reactivating Neglected Heritages, Reweaving Unspoken Memories. A Study on the Adaptive Reuse of Former Asylums into “mind museums”. (ReMIND)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Social Sciences and Humanities
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2018, 2018)
Start date: 2019-07-15
End date: 2022-05-16
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 224933.76
EU funding (EUR): 224933.76
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

ReMIND focuses on the potentials for ‘mind museums’(former asylums turned into museums)to provoke emotional responses in visitors and foster critical reflection on the histories and contemporary problems of dealing with mental illness (MI) in society.Its objective is to fill some relevant scientific gaps on the subject, as well as to conjoin complimentary disciplinary approaches from museum and exhibition design and museum studies and develop new research competence for me as fellow and for the host institution in the field of visitor studies. ReMIND explores the MI heritage landscape through asylums built in Europe from the mid-19th cent until the 60s’ deinstitutionalisation process in the psychiatric care system.Today, most of these buildings still stand where they were, often completely or partially abandoned, left to decay, and contributing to urban decline.ReMIND will survey the European landscape of MI heritage considering phenomena such as abandonment and reuse of historic asylums for cultural purposes.However, alongside this general desk-based overview, its main aim is to analyse former asylums that have been restored and reused as museums, specifically involving 2 indepth interdisciplinary pilot case studies.Nowadays we don’t have a sense of potentials for the responsible adaptive re-use of asylums and they are in danger.Likewise, once converted into museums, their role in effecting attitudinal change in visitors that may help to dismantle stigma and promote awareness toward MI has not been properly investigated.ReMIND addresses these gaps. To do so my study will integrate various disciplinary approaches to rethink adaptive reuse interventions and contemporary heritage conservation and valorisation practices.I will work at the intersection of different research fields, moving from Italy to UK at New Castle University to learn, deploy and contribute in implementing theories and methodologies related to heritage studies, visitor studies, and display analysis.

Keywords: adaptive reuse,architecture,critical heritage studies,museum studies,difficult heritage,neglected heritage,exhibition desing,built environment
REactively Defending against Advanced Cybersecurity Threats (REACT)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Societal Challenges
Programme: Secure societies - protecting freedom and security of Europe and its citizens
Theme: Improve cyber security
Action type: Research and Innovation actions
Partnership: Cybersecurity PPP (cPPP)
Countries involved: Germany,Ireland,Cyprus,Greece,France,France,Netherlands
Call: Cybersecurity PPP: Addressing Advanced Cyber Security Threats and Threat Actors (H2020-DS-SC7-2017, 2017)
Start date: 2018-06-01
End date: 2021-05-31
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2726461.25
EU funding (EUR): 2726461.25
Participants: 7
Project status: CLOSED

Security is a vital property for every operational system and network. As systems become more powerful and, in many aspects, more complex, advanced cyber-attacks impose new threats for important operations of our society. Computer systems assist core functions of hospitals, energy centers, logistics, and communications, to name a few, and compromising such systems may have severe consequences for everyone of us. Despite the evolution of computer systems, current security defenses-although they have been substantially improved in the last decade-seem not really enough to stop advanced cyber attacks. Systems still suffer from vulnerabilities, despite the many active or passive defenses in place that have been developed in the last decades. We believe that the core of this problem is that cyber attackers are almost always one step ahead of the cyber security researchers and practitioners. Indeed, cyber attackers are the first to strike, and while researchers try to figure out what happened, attackers have all the time in the world to plan their next strike. In this project we advocate that we should change the rules of the cyber attackers’ game and challenge the asymmetry. Instead of following the cyber attackers, researchers should try to forecast where attackers will strike next and to use this information (i) to fortify potential targets to withstand the attack and (ii) to wire targets up with forensic hooks and make them “forensics ready”. To make all this possible at a reasonable performance cost, we propose selective fortification, a mechanism that combines traditional passive and active defense approaches into a new reactive mode of operation. We take advantage of our rich background in software hardening and instrumentation for immediate delivering effective patches by selectively armoring the vulnerable part of a program.

Keywords: network security,monitoring,device hardening
The Spatial Dimension of Insurgent-Civilian Relations: Routinised Insurgent Space (FOCRIS)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Social Sciences and Humanities
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2020, 2020)
Start date: 2021-11-15
End date: 2023-11-14
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 187572.48
EU funding (EUR): 187572.48
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

Armed groups have always attempted to obtain popular legitimacy and win support in their immediate social environments, as attested by the rich empirical and historical literature on the subject. This project proposes an innovative conceptual approach to assess how insurgent movements spatially organise interactions with their supportive constituencies. It introduces the concept of Routinised Insurgent Space (RIS) to analyse the process by which insurgent movements’ deliberately routinise interactions with supporters with the objective of carving out spaces where insurgent presence becomes normalised and in the long run, potentially hegemonic. It draws predominantly on the social movement and rebel governance literatures. It is an exploratory project, wherein the concept of RIS will be rigorously tested and the full extent of its scope determined. It focuses on two groups (the M-19 in Colombia and the PKK in Turkey), selected as most-different-cases due to their differing ideologies, insurgent strategies and differing success rates (PKK as more successful and M-19 as less successful) in consolidating RIS. Additionally, the spatial and chronological variation in the forms of RIS they employed, allows both within-case and cross-case analysis. The Fellow has deep expertise on both movements with access to data including interview partners, movement primary sources and party literature. FOCRIS focuses on four specific forms of RIS which preliminary research by the author, has demonstrated to occur in movements of different ideological orientation and socio-political contexts: insurgent justice and policing; insurgent service provision; insurgent prison organisation and insurgent funerals.

Keywords: civil wars,conflicts,violence insurgencies,social movements,colombia,turkey,urban violence,terrorism,kurdish studies,counterinsurgency,political violence,rebel governance,space,m 19
Financial Transparency Platform for the Public Sector (OpenBudgets.eu)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Societal Challenges
Programme: Europe in a changing world - inclusive, innovative and reflective societies
Action type: Innovation actions
Countries involved: Spain,Germany,Germany,Germany,Belgium,Greece,France,Czechia,United Kingdom
Call: ICT-enabled open government (H2020-INSO-2014, 2014)
Start date: 2015-05-01
End date: 2017-10-31
Duration (months): 30.0
Total project cost (EUR): 3056208.5
EU funding (EUR): 2981000.0
Participants: 9
Project status: CLOSED

OpenBudgets.eu will provide an open-source software framework and accompanying Software-As-A-Service (SAAS) platform for supporting financial transparency, thus enhancing accountability within public sectors, and as a result preventing corruption. A key challenge addressed by OpenBudgets.eu is to provide a multi-stakeholder framework which is scalable, easy-to-use, flexible and attractive. The core objectives of OpenBudgets.eu project are: * A semantic data model, which will be used to integrate all relevant budget and transaction data, giving a pre-defined structure to the input data. This will enable the integration of data from different public sectors at different levels. This integration can then be exploited by comparing different datasets. * A library of visualisation tools with a user-friendly interface, which will enable stakeholders to visualise available data in different granularity and in different modalities (spatial, temporal, administrative). These tools will enable the scrutiny of data under different lenses, enabling stakeholders to explore any relevant budget allocation. * A library of data mining and comparative analysis tools. This library will enable the aggregation of existing data in order to obtain new outcomes and discover trends and patterns, and potentially forecasting budget measures. * A feedback and citizen engagement interface which enables users to discuss and give feed-back on the provided data, for example, suggesting different priorities for budgeting, or discussing a particular transaction. The OpenBudgets.eu open-source framework and portal will integrate these components into a comprehensive portal. The framework will be deployed as a software-as-a-service for thousands of public administrations and millions of citizens. We will apply the project concept to three large-scale pilot scenarios in the domains participatory budgeting, data journalism and corruption prevention.

Keywords: software as a service platform,public spending,participatory budgeting,data journalism,financial transparency,web application