Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Condensation in designed systems (CODE)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Fundamental constituents of matter
Countries involved: Finland
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2013-12-01
End date: 2018-11-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1559608.0
EU funding (EUR): 1559608.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Quantum coherent phenomena, especially marcoscopic quantum coherence, are among the most striking predictions of quantum mechanics. They have lead to remarkable applications such as lasers and modern optical technologies, and in the future, breakthroughs such as quantum information processing are envisioned. Macroscopic quantum coherence is manifested in Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC), superfluidity, and superconductivity, which have been observed in a variety of systems and continue to be at the front line of scientific research. Here my objective is to extend the realm of Bose-Einstein condensation into new conceptual and practical directions. I focus on the role of a hybrid character of the object that condenses and on the role of non-equilibrium in the BEC phenomenon. The work is mostly theoretical but has also an experimental part. I study two new types of hybrids, fundamentally different from each other. First, I consider pairing and superfluidity in a mixed geometry. Experimental realization of mixed geometries is becoming feasible in ultracold gases. Second, I explore the possibility of finding novel hybrids of light and matter excitations that may display condensation. By combining insight from these two cases, my goal is to understand how the hybrid and non-equilibrium nature can be exploited to design desirable properties, such as high critical temperatures. In particular, in case of the new light-matter hybrids, the goal is to provide realistic scenarios for, and also experimentally demonstrate, a room temperature BEC.

Keywords: bose-einstein condensation,ultracold fermi gases,condensation of hybrid objects,fermionic pairing and magnetism in lattices,quantum physics,nanoplasmonics,superfluidity,superconductivity
The development of human activities at sea - What legal framework? “For a new Maritime Law” (HUMAN SEA)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Institutions, values, beliefs and behaviour
Countries involved: France
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-03-01
End date: 2019-02-28
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1761720.0
EU funding (EUR): 1761720.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

"Making the sea more human." The project focuses on rebuilding the concepts of maritime and ocean law, given the expansion of human activities at sea. The sea is one of our new frontiers. The development of human activities at sea has led to a transformation of the Law of the Sea and Maritime Law. The main purpose of law is to civilize the new activities opened up by technological innovations. But maritime law remains centred on the concept of the ship, and does not take into account the new marine vessels and their workers. The development of illegal activities at sea questions the competence of States and their cooperation. The HUMAN SEA project will provide critical assessment and perspectives on legal framework related to merchant navy globalisation, illegal activities at sea, and offshore activities. It will summarize the current law concerning international maritime labour in the merchant navy; then consider how the fight against illegal activities led to monitoring of marine areas, thanks to new technologies and through the cooperation of states; then bring the look on ways of managing oil and gas offshore platforms and large liners. Future activities, such as living on the sea, will be considered. Technical innovations predict the development of such use, but the legal framework remains to conceive. The final, overarching task, of the project consists in a conceptual synthesis to define the common principles to be applied for a new maritime law that takes into account activities at sea in their human, environmental, economical and technological dimensions. Such an ambitious project calls for expertise in various domains of law, i.e. Social Law, Economic Law and Environmental Law. The development of human activities at sea requires rethinking concepts rooted in the history of maritime navigation and the very notion of ship and sea, for example. How should we view the twenty-first century civilization through the laws of these new activities at sea?

Keywords: maritime and ocean law,seafarers,social law,activities at sea,merchant navy
Production and distribution of food during the Roman Empire: Economics and political dynamics. (EPNET)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The study of the human past
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-03-01
End date: 2019-02-28
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2432056.0
EU funding (EUR): 2432056.0
Participants: 3
Project status: CLOSED

The project aims at detecting and defining the political and economic dynamics of the Roman Empire trade system by designing and implementing an experimental laboratory to explore different historical hypoteses through computer simulations. Empirical data will be used to correct and validate the results of the simulations and define rigourous and falsifiable models of ancient trade sytems. The Roman Empire trade system is generally considered to be the first complex European trade network. Many theories and hypotheses about its organization have been proposed but no formal model has been put forward so far. We propose to study this system using complex network analysis, formal modelling and computer simulation. The different existing research hypotheses will be modelled in a formal framework that will be used for running computer simulations and create possible scenarios of the development of the trade network. The archaeological and historical datasets will offer the means for validation processes in order to verify the explanatory power of the different models and to choose the best-fitting representation of the investigated phenomena. The project counts with one of the richest database for amphorae and epigraphy, one of the most precise archaeological and historical semantic markers available for the Roman Empire market. They provide information on geographical origin, the products transported and traded, economic transactions, as well as the social position and relationships between the traders. The project will provide the research community with a powerful tool for the study and interpretation of past political and economic systems, which will benefit our understanding of long-term social trajectories. This will be achieved through an innovative methodology based on transdisciplinarity and therefore will constitute a groundbreaking in the field of historical studies.

Keywords: roman empire trade system,complex network analysis,agent based modelling,amphorical epigraphy,social simulation
Pattern formation and mineral self-organization in highly alkaline natural environments (PROMETHEUS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Earth system science
Countries involved: Spain,Italy
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-08-01
End date: 2020-06-30
Duration (months): 71.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2431771.0
EU funding (EUR): 2431771.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

The precipitation of alkaline-earth carbonates in silica-rich alkaline solutions yields nanocrystalline aggregates that develop non-crystallographic morphologies. These purely inorganic hierarchical materials, discovered by the IP of this project, form under geochemically plausible conditions and closely resemble typical biologically induced mineral textures and shapes, thus the name ‘biomorphs’. The existence of silica biomorphs has questioned the use morphology as an unambiguous criterion for detection of primitive life remnants. Beyond applications, the study of silica biomorphs has revealed a totally new morphogenetic mechanism capable of creating crystalline materials with positive or negative constant curvature and biomineral-like textures which lead to the design of new pathways towards concerted morphogenesis and bottom-up self-assembly created by a self-triggered chemical coupling mechanism. The potential interest of these fascinating structures in Earth Sciences has never been explored mostly because of their complexity and multidisciplinary nature. PROMETHEUS proposes an in depth investigation of the nature of mineral structures such as silica biomorphs and chemical gardens, and the role of mineral self-organization in extreme alkaline geological environments. The results will impact current understanding of the early geological and biological history of Earth by pushing forward the unexplored field of inorganic biomimetic pattern formation. PROMETHEUS will provide this discipline with much needed theoretical and experimental foundations for its quantitative application to Earth Sciences. The ambitious research program in PROMETHEUS will require the development of high-end methods and instruments for the non-intrusive in-situ characterization of geochemically important variables, including pH mapping with microscopic resolution, time resolved imaging of concentration gradients, microscopic fluid dynamics, and characterization of ultraslow growth rates.

Keywords: life detection,serpentinisation,biomorph,self-organisation,primitive earth,alkaline weathering.
Molecular inventions underlying the evolution of the nitrogen-fixing root nodule symbiosis (EVOLVINGNODULES)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Evolutionary, population and environmental biology
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-01-01
End date: 2019-12-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2494114.0
EU funding (EUR): 2494114.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Crop production worldwide is sustained through nitrogen fertilizer produced via the energy-demanding Haber-Bosch process. One group of closely related plants evolved to become independent of nitrogen from the soil by engaging in symbiosis with bacteria that convert atmospheric nitrogen to plant-usable ammonium and are hosted within specialized organs, the root nodules. Nodulation evolved several times independently but exclusively in four related orders, the Fabales, Fagales, Cucurbitales and Rosales (FaFaCuRo) based on a putative genetic predisposition to evolve root nodules acquired by a common ancestor of this clade. This project aims to identify the elusive genetic switches involved in the evolution of nodulation. It builds on the underlying idea that a succession of events co-opted preexisting developmental programs to be activated by symbiotic stimuli. We will systematically investigate and compare the prewired connections between signaling pathways and developmental modules present in non-nodulating and nodulating relatives, to identify components acquired by nodulators. The Rosaceae represent a particularly attractive family to test evolutionary hypotheses by transferring candidate switches from a nodulator into the genome of closely related sister genera to enable nitrogen fixing root nodule symbiosis. Most genera of the Rosaceae including economically valuable targets such as apple and strawberry are non-nodulating. A minority of Rosaceae form ancestral, lateral root related actinorhiza nodules with Frankia actinobacteria, which differs from the derived, more complex symbiosis of legumes with rhizobia. Frankia strains have a very broad host range and can fix nitrogen at ambient oxygen concentrations thus imposing minimal constraints on a host environment suitable for efficient symbiosis. Thus, by retracing small evolutionary steps within the Rosaceae we will take a huge leap towards nitrogen-fertilizer independent crops for sustainable agriculture.

Keywords: molecular plant-microbe interaction,symbiosis,root nodule symbiosis,legume rhizobium symbiosis,actinorhiza,frankia,plant signal transduction,lateral root initiation,plant root development
The Greenhouse Earth System (TGRES)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Earth system science
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-01-01
End date: 2018-12-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2500000.0
EU funding (EUR): 2500000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Human activity is fundamentally changing the chemical composition of the atmosphere and warming the Earth. However, the impact of these changes, especially on continental precipitation patterns and biogeochemical cycles, remains poorly understood. The study of ancient climates allows a mechanistic exploration of the Earth system and the opportunity to evaluate new generations of climate models. My proposed research will focus on three inter-related paleoclimatic themes, applied to the very warm climates of the Early Eocene, one of the most fascinating intervals in Earth history. First, I will generate new records of continental temperature using bacterial membrane lipid based proxies that have been recalibrated and critically evaluated for wetland environments. Second, I will assess how the global hydrological cycle responded to both transient and long-term warmth, including evaluating precipitation change and its impact on erosional and weathering regimes; this will entail the development of compound-specific hydrogen isotopic tools in modern contexts, doubling the number of such deep time records, and interpreting those data in the context of isotope-enabled climate models. Third, I will generate the first Paleogene records of terrestrial methane cycling using lipids derived from methanotrophs and methanogens, calibrated in modern settings and applied to Eocene lignites. These objectives are intrinsically linked via the feedbacks between pCO2, temperature, hydrology and carbon cycling. Each objective will comprise: the development of the proxies in modern settings in collaboration with world-leading biogeochemists; creation of unprecedented and globally widespread geochemical records for the Eocene; and quantitative interpretation of our findings using climate/biogeochemical models. Collectively, the work will exploit very recent discoveries to develop or create new proxies and apply them to a major challenge in understanding Earth history.
Arginine vasopressin and ion transporters in the modulation of brain excitability during birth and birth asphyxia seizures (PRESSBIRTH)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Physiology, Pathophysiology and Endocrinology
Countries involved: Finland
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-02-01
End date: 2019-12-31
Duration (months): 71.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2497419.0
EU funding (EUR): 2497419.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

A transient period of asphyxia in the newborn is an obligatory part of normal parturition. A more prolonged disturbance in cerebral blood supply is a major cause of neonatal seizures. Current therapies of birth asphyxia seizures are ineffective and the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Our recent landmark work on a rat model of birth asphyxia showed that asphyxia is followed by brain alkalosis, which triggers seizures. The brain-confined alkalosis is generated by activation of Na/H exchange in the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Both alkalosis and the consequent seizures can be suppressed by graded restoration of the high CO2 level after asphyxia and with blockers of Na/H exchange. Our pilot data indicate that arginine vasopressin (AVP) triggers the post-asphyxia seizures by activating the BBB-located luminal V1a receptor-coupled Na/H exchanger. Akin to human infants, a very high level of plasma copeptin (a part of pro-AVP) is seen following asphyxia but, notably, the copeptin levels remain low with graded restoration of normocapnia. Moreover, intravenous AVP V1a receptor antagonists, acting on the BBB, block the generation of seizures. In striking contrast, AVP suppresses network excitability when acting on V1aRs in the neonate hippocampus. Thus, I hypothesize that AVP acts on the BBB to promote neonatal seizures, and that this effect is paralleled by a central anticonvulsant action. Next to nothing is known about AVP actions on ionic regulation in the brain. Our pilot data indicate that AVP inhibits the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter NKCC1 and activates the K-Cl cotransporter KCC2 in a manner consistent with reduction of excitability. My laboratory has an internationally leading role in work on neuronal pH and Cl- regulation and on functions of the immature brain. Understanding the mechanisms of AVP actions during normal birth and birth asphyxia will provide novel insights on the control of the excitability of the newborn brain. This work has a high translational impact.

Keywords: birth asphyxia,vasopressin,regulation of brain ph,ph modulation of excitability,ion transporters,novel therapeutic strategies
Fluid Mechanics in Collective Behaviour: Multiscale Modelling and Applications (FMCOBE)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Products and process engineering
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-04-01
End date: 2020-03-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2498800.0
EU funding (EUR): 2498800.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Fluid mechanics are fundamental to collective behaviour in nature and technology. Fluids pervade complex systems at every scale, ranging from fish schools and flocking birds to bacterial colonies and nanoparticles for drug delivery. Despite its importance, little is known about the role of fluid mechanics in such applications. Is schooling the result of vortex dynamics synthesised by individual fish wakes or the result of behavioural traits? Is fish schooling energetically favourable? How does blood affect the collective transport of nanoparticles in cancer therapy? We seek to answer these questions through computational methods that resolve the interaction of fluids with multiple, deforming bodies across scales. Our methods rely on the innovative coupling of multi-scale particles with multi-resolution algorithms and grids. Uncertainty quantification techniques will link computations with experimental data. Learning and optimisation algorithms will investigate the optimality of collective behaviour and its relevance to technological applications. Novel, scalable software, engineered to facilitate its broad use, will be made available to the scientific and industrial community. Our group has built strong foundations in computational methods, fluid mechanics, biophysics, nanotechnology and their interfaces and this project gives us the opportunity to reach new frontiers. Our goal is to provide unprecedented information about vortex dynamics of fish schooling, one of the most intriguing patterns in nature. Increased insight will open new horizons for mechanical understanding of collective behaviour, suggest new experiments and contribute to the rational design of industrial applications ranging from robots to wind farms. We will also shed light on mass transport in tumour induced vasculature to enhance the efficacy of drug delivery by nanoparticles, one of the most promising routes for cancer therapy.

Keywords: multiscale modeling,uncertainty quantification,fish hydrodynamics,cancer metastasis,collective behaviour
Modeling Stellar Collapse and Explosion: Evolving Progenitor Stars to Supernova Remnants (COCO2CASA)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Universe sciences
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-02-01
End date: 2020-01-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2898600.0
EU funding (EUR): 2898600.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This project intends to make groundbreaking progress towards the solution of one of the most pestering and long-standing riddles of stellar astrophysics, namely the question how massive stars explode as supernovae (SNe). State-of-the-art simulations in two dimensions (2D) now yield neutrino-powered (through underenergetic) explosions for a growing variety of progenitors and thus support the delayed neutrino-heating mechanism. However, sophisticated, fully self-consistent, 3D simulations are still lacking, the spherical symmetry of the progenitor star models is becoming a serious handicap, and better exploitation of observational constraints of the SN mechanism is urgently needed. For these reasons we plan a novel, comprehensive modeling approach, in which 3D hydrodynamics including all relevant microphysics will not only be employed for the launch phase of the SN blast wave by neutrino-energy deposition. Different from previous initiatives, 3D hydrodynamics will also be applied to the final stages of convective shell burning in the progenitor core before collapse in order to derive --for the first time-- self-consistent, multidimensional progenitor data for adopting them as initial conditions in the SN modeling. Moreover, the 3D explosion simulations will be continued consistently through the long-time evolution of the SN outburst into the gaseous remnant phase. This challenging approach promises fundamentally new insights into the processes that trigger and shape SN explosions and will revise our understanding of how SNe depend on the properties of their progenitor stars. Moreover, heading for a direct comparison of the derived theoretical models with nearby young SN remnants like Crab, Cassiopeia A, and SN 1987A, whose 3D morphology and composition are currently unfolded in stunning detail by multiwavelength observations, the project will lay the foundations of a powerful, innovative, and so far not exploited way of probing the physics deep inside the SN core.

Keywords: stellar explosions,supernovae,stellar evolution
Integrable Systems in Gauge and String Theory (INTEGRAL)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Fundamental constituents of matter
Countries involved: Sweden
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-03-01
End date: 2019-02-28
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1693692.0
EU funding (EUR): 1693692.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

The project is aimed at uncovering new links between integrable systems, string theory and quantum field theory. The goal is to study non-perturbative phenomena in strongly-coupled field theories, and to understand relationship between gauge fields and strings at a deeper level.

Keywords: gauge theories,integrable systems