Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Metabolic flexibility: breaking down food effectively to prolong life (MetaFlex)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing
Panel description: Organ and tissue physiology, comparative physiology, physiology of ageing, pathophysiology, interorgan and tissue communication, endocrinology, nutrition, metabolism, interaction with the microbiome, non-communicable diseases including cancer (and except disorders of the nervous system and immunity-related diseases)
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call: ERC Starting Grant (ERC-2014-STG, 2014)
Start date: 2015-04-01
End date: 2020-03-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1499446.25
EU funding (EUR): 1499446.25
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Aging has long been considered a passive process. More recently studies have defined an important, active role for metabolic pathways in aging and age-related diseases. I have previously demonstrated a marked dysregulation of fat metabolism in aged mice that contributes to their overweight and glucose intolerance. Here, I propose a model that links healthy aging to efficient processing of nutrients, a state termed metabolic flexibility: reducing protein or carbohydrate metabolism will strongly stimulate fat breakdown. I suggest that improved metabolic flexibility will thus prevent the accumulation of lipids and protect against its detrimental effects. In this project, I aim to elucidate how nutrient breakdown is regulated and can be adapted to improve metabolic flexibility and promote healthy aging. I will use C. elegans, as well as mammalian models and human population studies. Specifically, I aim to (1) dissect the molecular actors of metabolic aging pathways; (2) identify genes that translate nutritional cues to lifespan variation; (3) find novel genetic regulators that prevent toxicity and accelerated aging caused by fat-rich diets; (4) identify associations between variants in genes involved in metabolic flexibility and aging phenotypes in humans. This set of experiments should clarify the role of nutrient breakdown and metabolic flexibility in aging. Better understanding of these processes can lead to a prolonged healthy state of aged individuals.

Keywords: mitochondria
COMPetition for AIR traffic management (COMPAIR)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Societal Challenges
Programme: Smart, green and integrated transport
Theme: Public-private partnerships
Destination: Single European Sky Air Traffic Management Research
Action type: Research and Innovation actions
Partnership: SESAR (Art-187)
Countries involved: Israel,Spain,Hungary,Belgium
Call: Economics and Legal Change in ATM (H2020-SESAR-2015-1, 2015)
Start date: 2016-02-01
End date: 2018-01-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 599803.75
EU funding (EUR): 599803.75
Participants: 4
Project status: CLOSED

The provision of ATM services has for a long time been a national monopoly, with the important role attributed to the nation state (by ICAO) of managing air traffic safely in its national airspace. In addition, provision of air traffic services (ATS) has traditionally been considered a natural monopoly due to the large infrastructure investments. These elements are now both changing. The European Union is increasingly entering the air traffic management world, opposing the national character of the industry and increasing the scale at which air traffic services could be provided. In addition, technological changes are more and more reducing the need for large scale ground-based infrastructure and expensive equipment, putting into question the natural monopoly character of the industry. Therefore today is the right time to study the liberalization and introduction of competition in the ATM sector. However, competition can be introduced at various levels and in different ways. The overall goal of COMPAIR is to investigate how to introduce competitive incentives in the ATM sector so as to best contribute to the achievement of the European high-level policy objectives for aviation. The project will pursue the following objectives: 1. propose a set of new institutional market designs for the introduction of competition in the European ATM sector; 2. define a framework allowing a comprehensive assessment of the impact of different institutional market designs on ATM stakeholders and society at large; 3. develop a variety of economic and network simulation models allowing the evaluation of the proposed regulatory approaches along the dimensions identified as relevant in the assessment framework; 4. assess the feasibility and acceptability of proposed institutional changes for various market actors; 5. propose a vision and derive policy recommendations for the implementation of those new institutional structures identified as most beneficial for the European ATM system.

Keywords: competition,economic modelling,game theory,agent based,efficiency,institutional change
Revealing hidden volcanic triggers for global environmental change events in Earth’s geological past using mercury (Hg) (V-ECHO)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Consolidator grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Earth system science
Panel description: Physical geography, geology, geophysics, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, climatology, cryology, ecology, global environmental change, biogeochemical cycles, natural resources management
Countries involved: France,United Kingdom,United Kingdom,United Kingdom
Call: ERC Consolidator Grant (ERC-2018-COG, 2018)
Start date: 2019-06-01
End date: 2024-11-30
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1999599.0
EU funding (EUR): 1841744.0
Participants: 4
Project status: SIGNED

Rapid global change events such as mass extinctions punctuate Earth’s geological history. These have driven life’s evolution, shaping the world today. However, the exact processes that trigger or modulate them remain enigmatic. Episodes of large-scale volcanism, namely large igneous provinces (LIPs), are a prime contender. A major obstacle to unravelling the role of LIPs in rapid global change has been lack of a direct/unique proxy for volcanism in the sediments that record events. Without one, determining LIP occurrence and exact temporal relations is challenging, especially where the rock record of LIPs is incomplete. Recent studies have revealed the huge promise of mercury (Hg) as a marker of large-scale volcanism. However, while Hg-record acquisition is gaining pace, we still lack the vital process understanding of the proxy needed to realize its full potential. V-ECHO will test the overarching hypothesis: widespread mercury ‘spikes’ in the geological record are definitive evidence of LIP volcanism even in the absence of coeval lavas. V-ECHO will take an integrated and interdisciplinary approach to develop a process understanding of LIP perturbations to the global Hg cycle and how these translate into sedimentary records. It will address key questions on Hg sources (emission from magmas or thermal metamorphism of intruded rocks) and sinks (deposition pathways and sedimentary preservation). It will combine new measurements with novel experimental techniques and explore key differences in the global Hg cycle deep in Earth’s past. V-ECHO will test whether we can ‘sniff out’ the sedimentary echoes of lost LIPs, especially in the Palaeozoic and Neoproterozoic where the LIP record becomes ever sparser. It will explore proposed volcanic triggers for major Earth change events (e.g., oceanic anoxic events, ‘snowball Earths’) in unprecedented ways. V-ECHO promises a step-change in understanding of environmental impacts of LIP volcanism throughout Earth history.

Keywords: mercury hg,large igneous provinces lips,volcanology,igneous
A new explanatory paradigm for the agricultural economies of the Aegean Late Bronze and Early Iron Age using Machine Learning-aided 3D morphometrics and stable isotope analyses (DarkSeeds)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Social Sciences and Humanities
Countries involved: Spain
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2020, 2020)
Start date: 2022-01-01
End date: 2024-08-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 160932.48
EU funding (EUR): 160932.48
Participants: 1
Project status: TERMINATED

The collapse of Bronze Age societies in the Aegean led to a period known as the ‘Greek Dark Ages’ (Early Iron Age, EIA) that involved major socio-economic disruptions and transformations. The causes of these changes and their impact on the agricultural economy of these societies have been matters of a long-lasting debate. The nature of agricultural management and production in this period is largely speculative due to limited bioarchaeological data and the inherent limitations involved in the analysis of available evidence. Owing to the lack of knowledge regarding the role of agriculture in these processes of socio-economic turmoil, a new approach to the debate is needed. DarkSeeds aims to re-examine the role of agriculture to provide an evidence-based understanding and a new explanatory model of the economic changes during the Late Bronze Age (LBA) – EIA, through a novel combination of traditional and newly developed methods and emerging technologies. In particular, it will employ archaeobotanical material from six sites across the Aegean to capture spatial variability and will: (1) use standard archaeobotanical approaches, including synthesis of existing data; and (2) apply and refine a new methodology, pioneered by the supervisory team, that combines 3D photogrammetry, Machine Learning-aided Geometric Morphometrics (GMM) and targeted stable isotope analysis, and uses directly the 3D shape of cereal seeds to infer agricultural practices. This combination of traditional with advanced and newly developed scientific techniques has the potential to step-change the investigation of complex issues of agricultural change and provide new, in-depth understandings of the very processes that underpinned the LBA-EIA societies. DarkSeeds will build upon the Experienced Researcher’s expertise to equip her with an excellent toolkit, through hands-on training, that can place her at the forefront of cutting-edge research and establish her at the top of her field.

Keywords: archaeobotany,aegean,late bronze age,early iron age,stable isotopes,geometric morphometrics,machine learning
Computationally-enhanced molecular sensing using optical frequency combs (CEMoS-OFC)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Reintegration panel
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Information Science and Engineering
Countries involved: Poland
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2020, 2020)
Start date: 2021-12-01
End date: 2023-11-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 149625.6
EU funding (EUR): 149625.6
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

Air pollution is an increasingly important concern in larger cities and industrial areas. To date, much attention has been devoted to monitoring of particulate matter (PM), yet sensing of toxic or cancerogenic gas species formed i.e. in combustion of low-quality fuels is still challenging. The new National Emissions Ceilings (NEC) Directive (2016/2284/EU) has set commitments for member states on several important air pollutants, of which two groups: non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs), and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are difficult to monitor using existing electrochemical or laser-based technologies to ensure sufficient sensitivity and selectivity. To address this need, the objective of this proposal is to develop a novel class of broadband and high-resolution laser spectrometers for open-path atmospheric monitoring. The instrument will exploit a pair od optical frequency comb (OFC) sources, which operate in the spectroscopically-relevant mid-infrared region where NMVOCs and POPs have their strongest and most unique absorption features. Unlike all prior attempts, this project aims to advance the field by enabling completely unstabilized operation of the sources using real-time computational signal enhancement referred to as Computationally Enhanced Molecular Sensing with Optical Frequency Combs (CEMOS-OFC). By generating two mutually coherent OFCs in a shared cavity, the need for complex phase synchronization electronics in dual-comb spectroscopy is eliminated, which paves the way for practical out-of-laboratory measurements of multi-species gas mixtures over open-path channels reaching hundreds of meters corresponding to part-per-million to parts-per-billion sensitivities. In addition to environmental gas sensing, spectroscopic analysis of simple algae and pharmaceuticals in the mid- to far-infrared region is also proposed.

Keywords: optical spectroscopy,mode locked lasers,environmental sensing,detection of complex molecules
Compact High pErformance QUantum cascadE laseR Sensors (CHEQUERS)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Industrial Leadership
Programme: Information and Communication Technologies
Theme: Micro- and nanoelectronics and photonics: Key enabling technologies related to micro- and nanoelectronics and to photonics, covering also quantum technologies
Action type: Research and Innovation actions
Partnership: Photonics (cPPP)
Countries involved: Germany,Germany,Poland,United Kingdom,United Kingdom,United Kingdom
Call: Photonics KET (H2020-ICT-2014-1, 2014)
Start date: 2015-03-01
End date: 2019-02-28
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 3325668.0
EU funding (EUR): 3325668.0
Participants: 7
Project status: CLOSED

In this proposal we describe a timely and disruptive solution to the long-standing and vexing problem of the rapid stand-off detection of explosive, toxic or otherwise hazardous materials which are present within potential- or post-terrorist attack or industrial accident sites. We will achieve this by realising highly sensitive, state-of-the-art handheld and tripod-mounted instruments based upon active hyperspectral imaging and detection. These will exploit the deep infrared molecular fingerprint waveband region, where these hazardous compounds exhibit their strongest and most distinctive optical absorption features. Crucially, by keeping our goal fixed on the needs of the end-user, we will realise high-TRL devices which are cost-effective, lightweight and highly utile. Within the lifetime of this project, these will ready for evaluation in end-use scenarios (as opposed to mere laboratory-based demonstration). Our consortium is uniquely placed to prosecute this programme as is it comprises world leading workers in every technology upon which this solution depends, from quantum-cascade laser source, MEMS and detector growth expertise to advanced imaging, signals processing and device integration. One refined, the technology we will pioneer will be evaluated by civil security partners who will implement them in a number of likely end-use scenarios, thus proving the potency and utility of our technology.

Keywords: standoff detection,explosives,remote sensing,threat detection,tunable infrared laser,quantum cascade laser,external cavity laser,hyperspectral image analysis,remote detection,spectroscopy
Building Trust in Ecosystems and Ecosystem Components (BIECO)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Industrial Leadership
Programme: Information and Communication Technologies
Action type: Research and Innovation actions
Countries involved: Spain,Austria,Germany,Spain,Italy,Italy,Italy,Romania,Poland,Romania,Portugal
Call: Building blocks for resilience in evolving ICT systems (H2020-SU-ICT-2019, 2019)
Start date: 2020-09-01
End date: 2023-08-31
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 4999607.5
EU funding (EUR): 4999607.5
Participants: 12
Project status: SIGNED

Nowadays most of the ICT solutions developed by companies require the integration or collaboration with other ICT components, which are typically developed by third parties. Even though this kind of procedures are key in order to maintain productivity and competitiveness, the fragmentation of the supply chain can pose a high risk regarding security, as in most of the cases there is no way to verify if these other solutions have vulnerabilities or if they have been built taking into account the best security practices. In order to deal with these issues, it is important that companies make a change on their mindset, assuming an “untrusted by default” position. According to a recent study only 29% of IT business know that their ecosystem partners are compliant and resilient with regard to security. However, cybersecurity attacks have a high economic impact and it is not enough to rely only on trust. ICT components need to be able to provide verificable guarantees regarding their security and privacy properties. It is also imperative to detect more accurately vulnerabilities from ICT components and understand how they can propagate over the supply chain and impact on ICT ecosystems. However, it is well known that most of the vulnerabilities can remain undetected for years, so it is necessary to provide advanced tools for guaranteeing resilience and also better mitigation strategies, as cybersecurity incidents will happen. Finally, it is necessary to expand the horizons of the current risk assessment and auditing processes, taking into account a much wider threat landscape. BIECO is a holistic framework that will provide these mechanisms in order to help companies to understand and manage the cybersecurity risks and threats they are subject to when they become part of the ICT supply chain. The framework, composed by a set of tools and methodologies, will address the challenges related to vulnerability management, resilience, and auditing of complex systems.

Keywords: vulnerability management,resilience,auditing of complex systems,risk analysis,mitigation strategies,security certification harmonization
New Paradigm in Electrolyte Thermodynamics (ElectroThermo)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Products and processes engineering
Panel description: Product and process design, chemical, civil, environmental, mechanical, vehicle engineering, energy processes and relevant computational methods
Countries involved: Denmark
Call: ERC Advanced Grant (ERC-2018-ADG, 2018)
Start date: 2019-09-01
End date: 2025-08-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2500000.0
EU funding (EUR): 2500000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

The project’s overall target is to arrive at a fundamental understanding of electrolyte thermodynamics and thus enable the engineering of a new generation of useful, physically sound models for electrolyte solutions. These models should be general and applicable to a very wide range of conditions so that they can be potentially used for a wide range of applications. Electrolyte solutions are present almost anywhere and find numerous applications in physical sciences including chemistry, geology, material science, medicine, biochemistry and physiology as well as in many engineering fields especially chemical & biochemical, electrical and petroleum engineering. In all these applications the thermodynamics plays a crucial role over wide ranges of temperature, pressure and composition. As the subject is important, a relatively large body of knowledge has been accumulated with lots of data and models. However, disappointingly the state-of-the art thermodynamic models used today in engineering practice are semi-empirical and require numerous experimental data. They lack generality and have not enhanced our understanding of electrolyte thermodynamics. Going beyond the current state of the art, we will create the scientific foundation for studying, at their extremes, both “primitive” and “non-primitive” approaches for electrolyte solutions and identify strengths and limitations. The project is based on the PI’s many years of experience in thermodynamics. The ambition is to make new advances to clarify major questions and misunderstandings in electrolyte thermodynamics, some remaining for over 100 years, which currently prevent real progress from being made, and create a new paradigm which will ultimately pave the way for the development of new engineering models for electrolyte solutions. This is a risky, ambitious and crucial task, but a successful completion will have significant benefits in many industrial sectors as well as in environmental studies and biotechnology.

Keywords: electrolytes,equations of state
Visualization and modelling of fracture at the microscale (MicroFrac)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Information Science and Engineering
Countries involved: Spain
Call: Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships (IF-EF) (H2020-MSCA-IF-2014, 2014)
Start date: 2015-07-01
End date: 2016-06-30
Duration (months): 12.0
Total project cost (EUR): 85060.8
EU funding (EUR): 85060.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

In recent years, large spills from oil pipelines and tankers, leaks from nuclear reactors and the constant need for lighter and stronger materials in the transportation industry illustrate the need for materials with improved fracture resistance. Recent reports also suggest that the costs of fracture in Europe reach 4% of Europe’s gross domestic product which mean about 500 billion Euros. These facts show how fracture of structural materials can have detrimental effects in terms of health and safety, the environment, and the economy. One key elements that prevents better fracture predictions is a lack of information on fracture at the microscale. Indeed, fracture takes place by the formation and growth of microvoids and how these voids grow is still unknown and prevents the development of accurate fracture models. This proposal aims at providing a significant contribution towards our understanding of fracture at the microscale through a combination of state-of-the-art experiments and models. Microvoids will be introduced in metallic single crystals and their growth will be followed in-situ at high resolution. The effects of void size and crystal orientation will be investigated and the results will be used to validate dislocation dynamics and crystal plasticity models. The outcomes of the project will be new experimental evidence of fracture at the microscale and the creation of an improved crystal plasticity model that can take into account size effects to better predict metal fracture.

Keywords: fracture,microvoids,void growth,crystal plasticity