Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Computational Aero-acoustic Analysis of Low-noise Airframe Devices with the Aid of Stochastic Method (CALAS)

Framework: FP7 — Cooperation
Programme: Joint Technology Initiatives (Annex IV-SP1)
Theme: Public-private partnerships
Destination: Clean Sky
Action type: Article 171 of the Treaty
Partnership: CLEAN-SKY (Art-185)
Countries involved: Sweden,Sweden
Call:  (SP1-JTI-CS-2011-03, 2011)
Start date: 2012-06-15
End date: 2014-03-14
Duration (months): 21.0
Total project cost (EUR): 150000.08
EU funding (EUR): 112500.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

The CALAS project addresses, by means of computational aero-acoustic (CAA) analysis, low-noise airframe concepts (CfP topic No: JTI-CS-2011-3-GRA-02-018), including a wing-section with and without a side-edge fence (in WP 1) and a landing-gear system with and without low-noise treatments (in WP 2). The main purpose of the project is to evaluate the baseline and other provided low-noise configurations and, additionally, to explore the stochastic method used in modelling noise generation for effective industry use. The Stochastic Noise Generation and Radiation (SNGR) method and improved variant will be used for flow-generated noise source modelling based on RANS solution and, consequently, to provide inputs in CAA analysis using BEM (Boundary Element Method) solver. The analysis will further use acoustic analogies in analysis of far-field noise levels. In order to make relevant assessment on the use of the SNGR method for noise-source modelling, not required in the CfP though, additional turbulence-resolving simulation is also planned for a selected configuration in hybridization with acoustic analogies. This will be taken as reference in evaluation of low-noise concepts and of the stochastic method used. In simulations using BEM or turbulence-resolving methods, the effect of liner is incorporated into physically relevant boundary conditions. The project work progress will be reflected by a number of step-by-step milestones. The analysis and results will be reported in Deliverables and in other GRA-approved reports. The CALAS project consists of FOI (SE) and Chalmers (SE) in the consortium and is coordinated by FOI.

Keywords: low-noise airframe concepts,flap side-edge,landing gear,caa analysis,stochastic noise generation and radiation (sngr),liner boundary condition,turbulence-resolving simulation.
Clouds and Precipitation Response to Anthropogenic Changes in the Natural Environment (CAPRI)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Earth system science
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111012, 2012)
Start date: 2012-09-01
End date: 2017-08-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1428169.0
EU funding (EUR): 1428169.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Clouds and precipitation play a crucial role in the Earth's energy balance, global atmospheric circulation and the water cycle. Despite their importance, clouds still pose the largest uncertainty in climate research. I propose a new approach for studying anthropogenic effects on cloud fields and rain, tackling the challenge from both scientific ends: reductionism and systems approach. We will develop a novel research approach using observations and models interactively that will allow us to “peel apart” detailed physical processes. In parallel we will develop a systems view of cloud fields looking for Emergent Behavior rising out of the complexity, as the end result of all of the coupled processes. Better understanding of key processes on a detailed (reductionist) manner will enable us to formulate the important basic rules that control the field and to look for emergence of the overall effects. We will merge ideas and methods from four different disciplines: remote sensing and radiative transfer, cloud physics, pattern recognition and computer vision and ideas developed in systems approach. All of this will be done against the backdrop of natural variability of meteorological systems. The outcomes of this work will include fundamental new understanding of the coupled surface-aerosol-cloud-precipitation system. More importantly this work will emphasize the consequences of human actions on the environment, and how we change our climate and hydrological cycle as we input pollutants and transform the Earth’s surface. This work will open new horizons in cloud research by developing novel methods and employing the bulk knowledge of pattern recognition, complexity, networking and self organization to cloud and climate studies. We are proposing a long-term, open-ended program of study that will have scientific and societal relevance as long as human-caused influences continue, evolve and change.

Keywords: cloud physics,microphysics,precipitation,water cycle,radiation transfer,surface properties,systems approach,complexity
foundations of COmputational similarity geoMETtry (COMET)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Computer science and informatics
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111012, 2012)
Start date: 2012-10-01
End date: 2017-09-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1495020.0
EU funding (EUR): 1495020.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Similarity is one of the most fundamental notions encountered in problems practically in every branch of science, and is especially crucial in image sciences such as computer vision and pattern recognition. The need to quantify similarity or dissimilarity of some data is central to broad categories of problems involving comparison, search, matching, alignment, or reconstruction. The most common way to model a similarity is using metrics (distances). Such constructions are well-studied in the field of metric geometry, and there exist numerous computational algorithms allowing, for example, to represent one metric using another by means of isometric embeddings. However, in many applications such a model appears to be too restrictive: many types of similarity are non-metric; it is not always possible to model the similarity precisely or completely e.g. due to missing data; some objects might be mutually incomparable e.g. if they are coming from different modalities. Such deficiencies of the metric similarity model are especially pronounced in large-scale computer vision, pattern recognition, and medical imaging applications. The ambitious goal of this project is to introduce a paradigm shift in the way we model and compute similarity. We will develop a unifying framework of computational similarity geometry that extends the theoretical metric model, and will allow developing efficient numerical and computational tools for the representation and computation of generic similarity models. The methods will be developed all the way from mathematical concepts to efficiently implemented code and will be applied to today’s most important and challenging problems in Internet-scale computer vision and pattern recognition, shape analysis, and medical imaging.

Keywords: similarity geometry,metric geometry,similarity learning,similarity-sensitive hashing,multimodal similarity,multimodal hashing,internet vision,multimodal medical imaging
Critical phenomena in random matrix theory and integrable systems (CRAMIS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Mathematical foundations
Countries involved: Belgium
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111012, 2012)
Start date: 2012-08-01
End date: 2017-07-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1130400.0
EU funding (EUR): 1130400.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The main goal of the project is to create a research group on critical phenomena in random matrix theory and integrable systems at the Université Catholique de Louvain, where the PI was recently appointed. Random matrix ensembles, integrable partial differential equations and Toeplitz determinants will be the main research topics in the project. Those three models show intimate connections and they all share certain properties that are, to a large extent, universal. In the recent past it has been showed that Painlevé equations play an important and universal role in the description of critical behaviour in each of these areas. In random matrix theory, they describe the local correlations between eigenvalues in appropriate double scaling limits; for integrable partial differential equations such as the Korteweg-de Vries equation and the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, they arise near points of gradient catastrophe in the small dispersion limit; for Toeplitz determinants they describe phase transitions for underlying models in statistical physics. The aim of the project is to study new types of critical behaviour and to obtain a better understanding of the remarkable similarities between random matrices on one hand and integrable partial differential equations on the other hand. The focus will be on asymptotic questions, and one of the tools we plan to use is the Deift/Zhou steepest descent method to obtain asymptotics for Riemann-Hilbert problems. Although many of the problems in this project have their origin or motivation in mathematical physics, the proposed techniques are mostly based on complex and classical analysis.

Keywords: integrable systems,random matrix theory,riemann-hilbert problems
Topographically guided placement of asymmetric nano-objects (TOPOPLAN)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Physical and Analytical Chemical sciences
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111012, 2012)
Start date: 2012-10-01
End date: 2017-09-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1496525.6
EU funding (EUR): 1496525.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The controlled synthesis of nanoparticles in the form of spheres, rods and wires has led to a variety of applications. A much wider spectrum of applications e.g. in integrated devices would be available if a precise placement and alignment relative to neighbouring particles or other functional structures on the substrate is achieved. A potential solution to this challenge is to use top-down methods to guide the placement and orientation of nanoparticles. Ideally, a precise orientation and placement is achieved for a wide range of particle shapes, a so far unresolved challenge. Here we propose to generate a tunable electrostatic potential minimum by exploiting double-layer potentials between two confining surfaces in liquid. The shape of the potential is determined by the local three-dimensional topography of the confining surfaces. This topography can be precisely tailored using the patterning technology that has been developed in our research group. The potential shape can be adapted to fit to a wide range of particle shapes. The trapping energies exceed the thermal energies governing Brownian motion and trap and orient particles reliably. After trapping, the particles are transferred in a subsequent step onto the substrate by external manipulation. The separation of the trapping and placement steps has several unique advantages over existing strategies. High aspect ratio structures or fragile pre-assembled structures like nanoparticles linked by DNA strands can be pre-aligned in the trapping field and placed in the desired geometry. For applications like the placement of quantum dots into high fidelity cavities, the trapped particles can be examined optically and repelled if the spectral properties do not match. In particular the precise positioning of nanowires is promising to build up complex circuits for (opto-)electronic applications. Additionally, the trapping and placement processes proceed in parallel and high throughput values can be achieved.

Keywords: directed assembly,nanowires,nanoparticles,device integration
A living carbonate factory: how do cyanobacteria make rocks? (Calcification in Cyanobacteria) (CALCYAN)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Earth system science
Countries involved: France
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111012, 2012)
Start date: 2013-02-01
End date: 2018-01-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1659478.0
EU funding (EUR): 1659478.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This interdisciplinary proposal stems from our recent discovery of deep-branching cyanobacteria that form intracellular Ca-Mg-Sr-Ba carbonates. So far, calcification by cyanobacteria was considered as exclusively extracellular, hence dependent on external conditions. The existence of intracellularly calcifying cyanobacteria may thus deeply modify our view on the role of cyanobacteria in the formation of modern and past carbonate deposits and the degree of control they achieve on this geochemically significant process. Moreover, since these cyanobacteria concentrate selectively Sr and Ba over Ca, it suggests the existence of processes that can alter the message conveyed by proxies such as Sr/Ca ratios in carbonates, classically used for paleoenvironmental reconstruction. Finally, such a biomineralization process, if globally significant may impact our view of how an ecosystem responds to external CO2 changes in particular by affecting most likely a key parameter such as the balance between organic carbon fixed by photosynthesis and inorganic carbon fixed by CaCO3 precipitation. Here, I aim to bring a qualitative jump in the understanding of this process. The core of this project is to provide a detailed picture of intracellular calcification by cyanobacteria. This will be achieved by studying laboratory cultures of cyanobacteria, field samples of modern calcifying biofilms and ancient microbialites. Diverse tools from molecular biology, biochemistry, mineralogy and geochemistry will be used. Altogether these techniques will help unveiling the molecular and mineralogical mechanisms involved in cyanobacterial intracellular calcification, assessing the phylogenetic diversity of these cyanobacteria and the preservability of their traces in ancient rocks. My goal is to establish a unique expertise in the study of calcification by cyanobacteria, the scope of which can be developed and broadened in the future for the study of interactions between life and minerals.

Keywords: biomineralization,carbonates,cyanobacteria,stromatolites,strontium,biosignatures,carbon cycle
The Origin of Solar Activity (ORIGIN)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Universe sciences
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111012, 2012)
Start date: 2012-09-01
End date: 2017-08-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1486800.0
EU funding (EUR): 1486800.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Solar activity impacts the near-Earth space environment and the Earth’s climate. It is caused by a magnetic field which varies over an 11-year cycle, the origin of which remained so far an unsolved puzzle for astrophysics. It is assumed that self-excited dynamos generate a complex, large-scale magnetic field in shear zones in the solar interior. Observational evidence for the physical conditions in these regions as well as for the large-scale flow components in the solar convection zone is marginal at best, but is urgently needed to explain the structure and evolution of the magnetic field. The core of this proposal is to gain insight in the processes that are of major relevance for the solar dynamo by novel and improved methods of helioseismology. The analyses go far beyond the state-of-the-art and are based on highly resolved velocity measurements on the Sun from NASA’s milestone missions SOHO and SDO as well as the instruments of the GONG network. Combining the advantages of innovative local helioseismology methods with an unconventional approach of global helioseismology will fully exploit the unique properties of deeply penetrating seismic waves on the Sun. In this way unprecedented knowledge about the key processes involved in the deep seated origin of solar activity will be gained. By a paradigm change in global helioseismology, this includes for the first time full information on the structure of the meridional circulation and the magnetic field throughout the Sun. Moreover, three-dimensional views on the tachocline region in 200Mm depth and highly resolved seismic maps of the flow and sound speed variations in the sub-surface layers of the Sun present a highly innovative approach to understand the causes for solar activity on short time-scales. The results obtained will be important for other disciplines, e.g. space weather applications to protect technological systems in space and on Earth, as well as predicting the influence of the Sun on Earth’s climate.

Keywords: solar physics,helioseismology,meridional circulation
Stability and wall-crossing in algebraic and differential geometry (STABAGDG)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Mathematical foundations
Countries involved: Italy
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111012, 2012)
Start date: 2012-10-01
End date: 2017-09-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 511936.0
EU funding (EUR): 511936.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

This proposal centers on the special interaction of algebraic and differential geometry which arises from the notion of stability, going back to the celebrated correspondence between polystable vector bundles and Hermite-Einstein connections. A conjecture of Yau, Tian and Donaldson seeks to extend this correspondence to projective manifolds, formulating an algebro-geometric notion of stability (K-polystability) which should be equivalent to the existence of a (unique) Kaehler metric of constant scalar curvature in the first Chern class of an ample line bundle. The necessity of stability is now settled, thanks to the work of Donaldson, myself (Adv. in Math. 2009) and Mabuchi. The existence implication however seems to be out of reach with current techniques. In this project I will motivate the need to go beyond the notion of K-stability, and select some crucial open problems which arise naturally in this context, especially in connection with Donaldson's program for Fano manifolds and his conjecture that a Fano manifold with a Kaehler-Einstein metric is ``birationally stable". Another surprising application of algebro-geometric stability to differential geometry has recently emerged in the physical work of Gaiotto, Moore and Neitzke. They showed (conjecturally) how to use the stability and wall-crossing of ``BPS states'' to reconstruct the Hitchin hyperkaehler metric on a class of moduli spaces of Higgs bundles. In this project I propose to study some exciting mathematical questions which arise from this theory. This project aims at attacking some central problems which stem from the connection between stability and special metrics, and will be carried out by myself as P.I. and Gabor Szekelyhidi as a Team Member, over a period of four years. We will be supported by two Post-Docs (each position lasting two years) and a graduate student (three years).

Keywords: canonical metrics in kaehler geometry,algebro-geometric stability,bps states,wall-crossing,hyperkaehler metrics.
Search for a fourth neutrino with a PBq anti-neutrino source (4TH-NU-AVENUE)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Fundamental constituents of matter
Countries involved: France
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111012, 2012)
Start date: 2012-10-01
End date: 2018-09-30
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1500000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1500000.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

Several observed anomalies in neutrino oscillation data can be explained by a hypothetical fourth neutrino separated from the three standard neutrinos by a squared mass difference of a few eV2. This hypothesis can be tested with a PBq (ten kilocurie scale) 144Ce antineutrino beta-source deployed at the center of a large low background liquid scintillator detector, such like Borexino, KamLAND, and SNO+. In particular, the compact size of such a source could yield an energy-dependent oscillating pattern in event spatial distribution that would unambiguously determine neutrino mass differences and mixing angles. The proposed program aims to perform the necessary research and developments to produce and deploy an intense antineutrino source in a large liquid scintillator detector. Our program will address the definition of the production process of the neutrino source as well as its experimental characterization, the detailed physics simulation of both signal and backgrounds, the complete design and the realization of the thick shielding, the preparation of the interfaces with the antineutrino detector, including the safety and security aspects.

Keywords: neutrino
The Physics and Applications of Magnetic Guiding of Fast Electrons through Structured Targets (STRUCMAGFAST)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Fundamental constituents of matter
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111012, 2012)
Start date: 2012-10-01
End date: 2016-09-30
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 576402.84
EU funding (EUR): 576402.84
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

When ultra-intense lasers interact with matter, extreme conditions are produced which cannot normally be accessed in terrestrial laboratories. These extreme states of temperature, density, and pressure form the basis for laser fusion, compact particle accelerators, and well as the exploration of the cosmos through scaled laboratory experiments of astrophysical phenomena. One feature of ultra-intense laser-solid interactions is the absorption of energy into high current relativistic electron beams. If the flow or propagation of these beams through dense matter could be controlled then many new possibilities in laser fusion and other areas of high energy density physics would emerge. Detailed control of fast electron propagation has not usually been seen as possible due to the short time-scales and small spatial scales. In previous work the PI showed that detailed control of fast electron flow might in fact be possible by using structured targets, where a guide path is defined by a more resistive material than the bulk material. Fast electron flow will then lead to resistive self-generation of magnetic field around this region which is strong enough to confine and guide the fast electrons along this path. Although promising, this concept still needs much work, and in particular physics relevant to longer (i.e. multi-ps) time-scales need to be included. In this project we will develop a numerical tool that incorporates all the relevant physics, use this to elucidate the important physics of the multi-ps regime, and then use this knowledge for Fast Ignition inertial fusion and other high energy density physics applications.

Keywords: fast electron transport,inertial fusion,fast ignition,hybrid codes