Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Phase Transitions in Random Constraint Satisfaction Problems (PTRCSP)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Consolidator grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Mathematics
Panel description: All areas of mathematics, pure and applied, plus mathematical foundations of computer science, mathematical physics and statistics
Countries involved: Germany
Call: ERC Consolidator Grant (ERC-2017-COG, 2017)
Start date: 2018-04-01
End date: 2023-09-30
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1219462.0
EU funding (EUR): 1219462.0
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

The systematic investigation of random discrete structures and processes was initiated by Erdős and Rényi in a seminal paper about random graphs in 1960. Since then the study of such objects has become an important topic that has remarkable applications not only in combinatorics, but also in computer science and statistical physics. Random discrete objects have two striking characteristics. First, they often exhibit phase transitions, meaning that only small changes in some typically local control parameter result in dramatic changes of the global structure. Second, several statistics of the models concentrate, that is, although the support of the underlying distribution is large, the random variables usually take values in a small set only. A central topic is the investigation of the fine behaviour, namely the determination of the limiting distribution. Although the current knowledge about random discrete structures is broad, there are many fundamental and long-standing questions with respect to the two key characteristics. In particular, up to a small number of notable exceptions, several well-studied models undoubtedly exhibit phase transitions, but we are not able to understand them from a mathematical viewpoint nor to investigate their fine properties. The goal of the proposed project is to study some prominent open problems whose solution will improve significantly our general understanding of phase transitions and of the fine behaviour in random discrete structures. The objectives include the establishment of phase transitions in random constraint satisfaction problems and the analysis of the limiting distribution of central parameters, like the chromatic number in dense random graphs. All these problems are known to be difficult and fundamental, and the results of this project will open up new avenues for the study of random discrete objects, both sparse and dense.

Keywords: phase transitions,message passing algorithms,constraint satisfaction problems
Discrimination and Group Identities (DISGRID)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Economic Sciences
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2020, 2020)
Start date: 2021-06-01
End date: 2023-11-29
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 175572.48
EU funding (EUR): 175572.48
Participants: 1
Project status: TERMINATED

Opportunities in life in Europe de facto hinge on group memberships that de jure should not matter for individual outcomes – prompting EC president Ursula von der Leyen to press for renewed efforts to answer the question: “Why do racism and discrimination endure in our societies?” Located at the Department of Microeconomics and Public Economics at Maastricht University and in collaboration with the University of Applied Police Sciences Saxony-Anhalt in Germany, I want to contribute to answering two research questions: i) Which types of group identities more vs. less likely induce discriminatory behavior? and ii) Which types of persons are more vs. less likely to adopt such group identities? In WP1 I plan to conduct a comprehensive meta-analysis of economic experiments studying discrimination. It will focus on the strengths of different types of group identities and on individual heterogeneity in their adoption. Doing so, this meta-study will provide key empirical insights at an unprecedented level of detail into the mechanics of discriminatory group identities and their interaction with individual levels of readiness to adopt them - a trait labeled 'groupiness'. In WP2 I will conduct an experimental study to dissect ‘groupiness’ by investigating a) if long-term exposure to environments of stronger vs. weaker group identities has an impact on individual levels of ‘groupiness’ and b) whether individuals who have a higher readiness to follow rules in general are also more likely to show ‘groupy’ behavior. The insights gained will allow for the development of substantially improved theoretical models of group identity based discriminatory behavior and will be also very informative for practitioners aiming at changing group identities for the better. In particular, the results obtained will directly be exploited for informing and potentially improving the professional training of young women and men striving to become law enforcement officers.

Keywords: discrimination,identity economics,ingroup favoritism,ingroup bias,social norms,group relations,rule following,police force,law enforcement,professional training
Objectual Memory: Remembering Objects by Simulating the Past (MEMOBJECT)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Social Sciences and Humanities
Countries involved: France
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2020, 2020)
Start date: 2021-09-27
End date: 2024-08-21
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 184707.84
EU funding (EUR): 184707.84
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

Much attention in our theorizing about the mind has been devoted to episodic memory. In episodic memory, a subject remembers an event from their personal past in a way accompanied by conscious imagery, typically from the first-person perspective, through which they 're-live' the experience. Other species of memory are no less significant to our mental lives, however. We remember objects—for example, one's first car, or one's childhood family dog—and we do so in ways which may outstrip our memory of events in which those objects featured. It is possible, for example, to remember a face while having no sense of where in one's past one's memory of it derives. While we presently lack a philosophical account distinctive of what I will call 'objectual memory', the raw materials are there for the taking. This project will use state of the art, 'simulationist' approaches to memory in order to address this lacuna, establishing the following core hypothesis: Objectual memory is not a mere form of episodic or semantic memory (Work Package 1). We can best understand it, in harmony with broadly simulationist approaches to remembering, as a kind of ‘epistemically informed’ imagination (Work Package 2). Though broadly simulationist in character, this view is compatible with experiences of objectual memory constituting a direct relation to the past (Work Package 3). This project has immediate implications for philosophy of mind and epistemology, but it also generates questions for the sciences. If objectual memory is to be considered a product of the so-called 'episodic' memory system, it is misleading to think of this system as a means of constructing temporally structured episodes from one’s past. For the system also produces occasions for the awareness of past objects—things which lack an essentially temporal structure. Alternatively, if the ‘episodic’ memory system is confined to the awareness of events, objectual memory must be the product of another system.
Leveraging genomic discoveries and skeletal phenotyping to improve osteoporosis patient care (LEGENDARE)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Panel description: Medical technologies and tools for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of human diseases, therapeutic approaches and interventions, pharmacology, preventative medicine, epidemiology and public health, digital medicine
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call: ERC ADVANCED GRANT (ERC-2020-ADG, 2020)
Start date: 2021-11-01
End date: 2026-10-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2499995.0
EU funding (EUR): 2499995.0
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

Osteoporosis is a silent, systemic skeletal disease leading to fragility fracture. While the deleterious consequences for the individual, their families and society are well established, the causes of the disease remain elusive. Despite exhaustive clinical, epidemiological and genomic research, scarce understanding of the complex underlying disease mechanisms leading to bone fragility has hindered the improvement of clinical care. This LEGENDARE programme aims to implement a holistic integrative approach directed at discerning the underlying mechanistic pathways leading to bone fragility. The approach seeks translating genomic and imaging discoveries into meaningful clinical strategies to stratify risk; re-evaluate treatment indication; and ultimately, redefine (molecular) disease classification of patients with osteoporosis and other skeletal diseases. LEGENDARE will progress beyond the state-of-the-art by integrating genomic information from thousands of loci (genome regions) associated with musculoskeletal traits and other diseases, into “optimized” polygenic risk scores providing novel biological insight about skeletal disease. Skeletal research will be brought to a new level by enriching skeletal imaging with BIG DATA obtained with advanced whole-body EOS 3D X-rays. Approaching the whole skeleton as a unified organ will allow the unprecedented study of hidden relationships across bone compartments. Further, using artificial intelligence approaches, the complexity of the skeletal system will be modelled, integrating genomic, imaging and clinical data across epidemiological cohorts and patient settings. LEGENDARE will deliver knowledge on fundamental processes regulating skeletal fragility, unveiling new strategies for translational exploitation leading to improved clinical outcomes of osteoporosis patients. Discoveries will hold wider significance through potential spinoffs able to mitigate the societal impact of other diseases surging with bone fragility.
Remote control of cellular signalling triggered by magnetic switching (SIROCCO)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Panel description: New materials and new synthetic approaches, structure-properties relations, solid state chemistry, molecular architecture, organic chemistry
Countries involved: Spain
Call: ERC Starting Grant (ERC-2019-STG, 2019)
Start date: 2020-05-01
End date: 2025-04-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1798454.0
EU funding (EUR): 1798454.0
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

It is becoming increasingly clear that successful tissue engineering rests on capitalizing on more comprehensive understanding of mechanotransduction and its implication in skin homeostasis. In fact, the study of mechanotransduction is now a burgeoning research field, helping us to understand how cells respond to mechanical stimuli and convert them into biochemical signals, which in turn sheds light on the remote control of intracellular functions and the treatment of diseases. However, external activation of cellular signalling constitutes an important challenge due to the lack of non-invasive techniques that can be tuned in a spatiotemporal manner at a deep-tissue level. SIROCCO aims to control different pathways related with cutaneous mechanotransduction by using magnetic switchers in order to enhance wound healing. Magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with oriented fragments of proteins will selectively recognize cell surface adhesion receptors (cadherins) present on the membrane of living cells. Once attached to the cellular surface, the MNPs will be activated using external magnetic fields in order to control key intracellular pathways. This ambitious goal will be validated using genetically modified 2D and 3D in vitro models, and the possibility to enhance wound healing and to modulate stem cell fate will be tested. High precision remote control of cellular functions with temporal resolution is an extremely hot topic in tissue engineering. SIROCCO will go well beyond current state-of-the-art for non-invasive actuation of cellular functions in situ and will provide a powerful magnetomechanical transduction tool for mechanotransduction and tissue regeneration. The fundamental scientific advances proposed by SIROCCO are cross-disciplinary since these magnetic nanoswitchers may also find widespread applications in other processes where these pathways are involved, for instance in tumour progression.

Keywords: mechanotransduction,cadherin,magnetic nanoparticle,intracellular pathway
DURO: Deep-memory Ubiquity, Reliability and Optimization (DURO)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Information Science and Engineering
Countries involved: Spain
Call: Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships (IF-EF) (H2020-MSCA-IF-2015, 2015)
Start date: 2016-10-01
End date: 2018-09-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 170121.6
EU funding (EUR): 170121.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

High performance computing has changed the way scientists make discoveries and is driving industrial innovation. From the simulation of the origins of the universe, to the optimization of wind turbine placement; supercomputers are helping us to change the world and improve the conditions of future generations. The next generation of European extreme scale computers brings new opportunities but also imposes new challenge: they need to be an order of magnitude more energy efficient and they need to be reliable so that no data is lost in the presence of failures. Novel deep-memory hierarchies offer an alternative to achieve these resilience and efficiency goals. Unfortunately, it is unclear how the system should utilize these cutting-edge hardware devices. The objective of this project is to build an abstraction layer between the new hybrid memory hardware and the scientific application, providing an easy way to leverage the features of the hardware while maintaining high energy efficiency and strong reliability. Barcelona Supercomputing Centre is an ideal place to carry out this research because of its top-level researchers. In particular, the fellowship will be supervised by Dr. Osman Unsal, who has a long outstanding experience supervising European projects. The combination of such an important project with the high quality training of the host institution represents the best career opportunity for the candidate to expand and solidify his research experience.

Keywords: high performance computing,resilience,hybrid memory,energy efficiency,data movement
THz Photochemistry: Biased Proton Transfer by Ultrafast Electric Fields (THz Photochemistry)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Chemistry
Countries involved: Germany
Call: Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships (IF-EF) (H2020-MSCA-IF-2014, 2014)
Start date: 2015-04-01
End date: 2017-03-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 159460.8
EU funding (EUR): 159460.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Ultraviolet or visible light induces chemical transformations via electronic excitation. Infrared radiation, corresponding to low-frequency molecular vibrations, can also bring about photochemical reactions by multi-photon absorption. Then, how low photon energies can we reach in photochemistry? In this proposed research, I will realize a novel concept of terahertz photochemistry: activating chemical reactions with intense terahertz (THz) light of extremely low photon energy (1 THz = 4.1 meV). Based on this novel approach, I will study aqueous proton transfer in external electric fields, the process underlying key bioenergetic phenomena as well as renewable energy technologies. Despite its obvious relevance, it has remained elusive how E-fields affect the known proton transfer mechanism in aqueous systems. Ultrashort THz pulses, on the one hand, will allow monitoring the THz photochemical proton transfer reactions in real time on the femtosecond time scale. On the other hand, THz light pulses will also serve as external E-fields, which bias the proton transfer reactions. Due to recent technological development, sub-picosecond strong field THz pulses on the order of hundreds of kV/cm with near single-cycle duration can be generated in the host laboratory, and the short pulses allow for ultrafast time resolution of ca 300 fs. Systematic studies varying field strengths and solvents will provide important insights into the local and external E-field effects on the proton transfer and the non-equilibrium solvation dynamics. The possibility of THz control over proton transport processes will also be examined by applying THz pulses at different delay time after photo-initiation.

Keywords: thz photochemistry,aqueous proton transfer in ultrafast electric fields,ultrafast thz visible spectroscopy
Cryogenic Rare-event Observatory with Surface Sensitivity (CROSS)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Fundamental constituents of matter
Panel description: Particle, nuclear, plasma, atomic, molecular, gas, and optical physics
Countries involved: France
Call: ERC Advanced Grant (ERC-2016-ADG, 2016)
Start date: 2018-01-01
End date: 2024-12-31
Duration (months): 84.0
Total project cost (EUR): 3146598.0
EU funding (EUR): 3146598.0
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

CROSS will set the grounds for large-scale experiments searching for neutrinoless double beta decay with zero background at an exposure scale of ~1 tonne x year and with very high energy resolution – about 1.5‰ – in the region of interest. These features will enable searching for lepton number violation with unprecedented sensitivity, penetrating in prospect the direct-ordering region of the neutrino masses. CROSS will be based on arrays of TeO2 and Li2MoO4 bolometers enriched in the isotopes of interest 130Te and 100Mo, respectively. There are strong arguments in favor of these choices, such as the high double beta transition energy of these candidates, the easy crystallization processes of TeO2 and Li2MoO4, and the superior bolometric performance of these compounds in terms of energy resolution and intrinsic purity. The key idea in CROSS is to reject surface events (a dominant background source) by pulse-shape discrimination, obtained by exploiting solid-state-physics phenomena in superconductors. The surfaces of the crystals will be coated by an ultrapure superconductive aluminium film, which will act as a pulse-shape modifier by delaying the pulse development in case of shallow energy depositions, exploiting the long quasi-particle life-time in aluminium. This method will allow getting rid of the light detectors used up to now to discriminate surface alpha particles, simplifying a lot the bolometric structure and achieving the additional advantage to reject also beta surface events, which unfortunately persist as an ultimate background source if only alpha particles are tagged. The intrinsic modularity and the simplicity of the read-out will make CROSS easily expandable. The CROSS program is focused on an intermediate experiment with 90 crystals, installed underground in the Canfranc laboratory, which will be not only extremely competitive in the international context but also a decisive step to demonstrate the enormous potential of CROSS in terms of background.

Keywords: double beta decay,neutrino physicis,rare events,low temperature detectors,underground experiments
New Diffractive Optical Element Lenses and related industrial services (SUPERvisionary)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Industrial Leadership
Programme: Innovation in SMEs
Action type: SME instrument
Countries involved: Switzerland,Denmark
Call: SME instrument (H2020-EIC-SMEInst-2018-2020-3, 2019)
Start date: 2020-03-01
End date: 2022-02-28
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 3242860.0
EU funding (EUR): 2270000.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

3D imaging and sensing is a key part in the technological revolution of autonomous vehicles, next-generation consumer electronics and human-machine interface. 3D imaging and sensing is a rapidly growing market within mobile phones, automotive, industrial and medical domains, where applications like gesture sensing, face recognition and obstacles avoidance are driving the initial demand. 3D sensing is still at an early stage as the accuracy and range of the sensors need to be improved. At the same time, the cost and overall size of the optical modules needs to reduced. To achieve this, the classical and complex lens modules need to be replaced by a single flat optical lens. NIL Technology ApS (NILT) has developed a highly advanced flat diffractive lens solution for optical components, as well as replication methods for high-volume-production of these components. Flat optics based on diffractive optical elements have enormous potential to solve the presented challenges in 3D sensing technologies by providing smaller and cheaper lenses with better performance. These are key factors for full market deployment. The next step for NILT is to scale this innovation and expand our current mastering services with optical design and replication services, addressing the increased customer need for advanced flat optical elements. The objective of the SUPERvisionary project is to enable NILT to capture a larger part of the value chain and establish NILT as the leading global partner for advanced optical elements. NIL Technology (NILT) is specialised in design and replication nanostructured of masters for high-tech industries, focusing on sensor, imaging and display applications. NILT was established in 2006 and is based in Denmark and with offices in Sweden and Switzerland. The company has a diverse customer base and served already more than 400 different customers globally.

Keywords: time of flight,lidar,mobile phone camera,3d sensing,3d imaging,autonomous vehicles,optical components,wafer level optics,replication,machine vision,diffractive optical elements,flat optics