Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Sex-specific demography and the evolution of gender-biased harmful cultural practices (EvoBias)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: The Social World and Its Diversity
Panel description: Sociology, social psychology, social anthropology, education sciences, communication studies
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call: ERC Advanced Grant (ERC-2018-ADG, 2018)
Start date: 2020-01-01
End date: 2024-12-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2396926.25
EU funding (EUR): 2396926.25
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

Cultural practices that are harmful to one sex, but favour the other, are the focus of intense interest in the public eye, the social sciences and the evolutionary human sciences. The foundational work of Hamilton, Bateman and Trivers, showed how kin selection theory provides a framework for understanding the evolutionary basis of conflicts of interest between the sexes and between parents and offspring. However, many gender-biased practices do not seem to fit this classic model of sexual conflict, in which males exploit females for their own mating advantage. Rather than focus on the inherent differences in sexual strategies of males and females, I will explore an alternative explanation, which is sex-specific demography. This framework refocuses attention away from sexual selection, towards patterns of cooperation and conflict within families. If one sex disperses at marriage, that generates sex and age-based asymmetries in relatedness in residential groups, but few theoretical models, or empirical studies, have examined how such demographic effects could explain the origins of gender-biased cultural behaviour. EvoBias will develop and test new evolutionary demographic models that will focus on the role of sex-ratios, sex-biased dispersal and some modes of marriage, in generating gender-biased harmful cultural practices. The behaviours to be studied include: female-biased workloads, witchcraft accusation, sending men to war, sending boys into monastic life, bride-capture and the ‘honour’ killing of women by their own kin. These represent both social issues and evolutionary puzzles. The diverse kinship systems in east and central Asia and sub-Saharan Africa provide opportunities to test these hypotheses. Through a combination of mathematical modelling, comparative studies using the literature and field-based sociodemographic studies, the team will seek evidence that sex-specific demography underpins these gender-biased harmful cultural traditions.

Keywords: evolutionary anthropology,social evolution,sex specific demography,dispersal,kinship,harmful cultural practices,workloads,witchcraft beliefs,evolutionary ecology,behavioural ecology,phylogenetic comparative methods
Synx BIOS: The revolutionary web-BIOS that fully enables the Internet of Things (IoT) through the Real Time Web (Synx BIOS)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Industrial Leadership
Programme: Innovation in SMEs
Action type: SME instrument
Countries involved: Norway
Call: SME instrument (H2020-SMEInst-2018-2020-1, 2018)
Start date: 2019-02-01
End date: 2019-06-30
Duration (months): 5.0
Total project cost (EUR): 71429.0
EU funding (EUR): 50000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The World Wide Web and associated technologies (e.g. cloud computing and blockchain) are the current standard for information sharing or financial transactions. However, they entail limitations that need addressing. These technologies are based on hyperlinks, communicating only in one direction, requiring complex middleware processes to keep connections alive. This technology is unfit for the ongoing Internet of Things revolution, which requires bidirectional data sharing and scalability, as it relies upon an enormous number of sensors generating gigantic volumes of data. They also require an operating system that needs to be installed at each end-point, so data needs to be copied (to not being lost), losing its uniqueness. Finally, the need to store data in databases that can be accessed by anyone with basic informatics knowledge compromises individuals privacy. Nornir is a Norwegian start-up created with the mission to overcome such limitations, thanks to the Real Time Web (RTW), a new decentralized network that allows bi-directional hyperlinks, is backward compatible with the web infrastructure and protects data across networks and domains. This is possible thank to Synx BIOS; a revolutionary distributed kernel enabling event-driven network and peer to peer communication without the need of middleware, while allowing scalability. As Synx BIOS does not store data, it remains unique and controlled by the user, allowing to trade data (through the Synx BIOS´ micropayment tool) generated from IoT systems, opening-up an entirely new way to generate revenue. With Synx BIOS we get access to a trillion blue ocean market, having already corporate early-adopters from diverse verticals (e.g. transportation, healthcare or vending machines), who can save €510,000 in development and maintenance costs during the first year. By end of 2023, we expect to have a cumulative revenues of €72M (ROI of 10.93) and increase 10 times our current employee count (currently at 12).

Keywords: internet of things,advanced computing,algorithms and complexity
Early stage CARdio Vascular Disease Detection with Integrated Silicon Photonics (CARDIS)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Industrial Leadership
Programme: Information and Communication Technologies
Theme: Micro- and nanoelectronics and photonics: Key enabling technologies related to micro- and nanoelectronics and to photonics, covering also quantum technologies
Action type: Research and Innovation actions
Partnership: Photonics (cPPP)
Countries involved: Ireland,Germany,Belgium,Belgium,Belgium,France,Netherlands,United Kingdom
Call: Photonics KET (H2020-ICT-2014-1, 2014)
Start date: 2015-02-01
End date: 2019-01-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 3629207.51
EU funding (EUR): 3629206.0
Participants: 9
Project status: CLOSED

Early identification of individuals at risk for CVD allows early intervention to halt or reverse the pathological process. This is the driver of Medtronic and partners to develop a mobile, low-cost, non-invasive, point-of-care screening device for CVD. Assessment of arterial stiffness by measurement of the aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV) is included in the latest ESC/ESH guidelines for CVD risk prediction. Besides aPWV, early identification of arterial stenosis and cardiac contraction abnormalities can be used to improve CVD risk classification. However, no tools are available today to screen a large population at primary care on these parameters, and individuals that are considered to be at low or moderate risk are too often undiagnosed. The objective of CARDIS is to investigate and demonstrate the concept of a mobile, low-cost device based on a silicon photonics integrated laser Doppler vibrometer and validate the concept for the screening of arterial stiffness, detection of stenosis and heart failure. We will: •Investigate, design and fabricate the optical subsystems and components: silicon photonics chip with integrated Ge-detectors, micro-optics, micro-optical laser bench, optical package •Integrate the subsystems and build a multi-array laser interferometer system •Develop a process flow scalable to high volumes for all sub-systems and their integration steps •Investigate and develop the biomechanical model to translate optical signals related to skin-level vibrations into underlying CVD physiological events •Validate the system in a clinical setting Photonics integration is needed to enable a device that is mobile (small size, small weight, robust (no moving parts), low cost (high volume scalable process flow) and allows fast screening (laser array). The partners commit to protect IP whenever possible, disseminate results via open access and, if target specs are met, commercially exploit and transfer the technology to create social and economic impact.

Keywords: laser interferometer,integrated photonics,silicon photonics,laser doppler vibrometry
Testing the role of miRNA-mediated non-cell autonomous gene regulation in type-2 immunity (miRNA in Immunity)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Consolidator grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy
Panel description: The immune system, related disorders and their mechanisms, biology of infectious agents and infection, biological basis of prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, innovative immunological tools and approaches, including therapies
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call: ERC Consolidator Grant (ERC-2014-CoG, 2014)
Start date: 2015-08-01
End date: 2020-07-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1762510.0
EU funding (EUR): 1762510.0
Participants: 1
Project status: TERMINATED

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can be transferred between cells, representing an exciting new dimension to intercellular communication, referred to as non-cell-autonomous gene regulation. We recently identified that distinct miRNAs are packaged and exported from TREG cells and delivered directly to TH1 cells, suppressing T cell-mediated disease. Different T cell populations express different miRNAs and release a distinctive set of extracellular miRNAs. In this proposal we will identify whether the transfer of miRNAs between cells contributes to T cell development, T cell differentiation and TH2-mediated allergy and anti-helminth immunity. miRNA-mediated gene silencing requires one of four catalytically active Argonaut (Ago) proteins to regulate gene expression. To investigate miRNA transport between cells, we have generated novel mice with miRNA-deficient T cells that can (Dicer–/–) or cannot (Dicer–/–Ago-1,-3,-4–/– Ago-2fl/fl) respond to exogenous miRNAs. Using these novel mice we will identify which Ago protein(s) specific miRNAs associate with and which Ago proteins are required for miRNA-mediated gene regulation in T cells. TH2 cells express unique miRNAs, which can be found within TH2 cells and in extracellular vesicles released from TH2 cells. We have generated several new TH2-associated miRNA-deficient mice to investigate the cell intrinsic (cell-autonomous) and extrinsic (non-cell-autonomous) role of these miRNAs in TH2-mediated allergy and anti-helminth immunity. Studies in plants and worms have identified various mechanisms of RNA transfer between cells, involving cell-contact dependent and independent mechanisms. We will translate these observations into mammalian systems and identify the mechanisms of miRNA transfer. Results from this work will identify novel miRNA-mediated pathways and incentivise state-of-the-art approaches for novel therapeutic intervention to treat inflammatory diseases.

Keywords: micro rna mirna,t lymphocyte,type 2 immunity
Soft modular biomimetic exoskeleton to assist people with mobility impairments (XoSoft)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Industrial Leadership
Programme: Information and Communication Technologies
Action type: Research and Innovation actions
Partnership: Robotics SPARC (cPPP)
Countries involved: Germany,Ireland,Iceland,Spain,Italy,Switzerland,Netherlands
Call: Robotics (H2020-ICT-2015, 2015)
Start date: 2016-02-01
End date: 2019-01-31
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 5422863.75
EU funding (EUR): 3680028.75
Participants: 9
Project status: CLOSED

The XoSoft project will develop a modular soft lower-limb exoskeleton to assist people with mobility impairments. The consortium includes 5 research groups and 3 companies each with EU project experience in exoskeleton/assistive orthoics development. XoSoft, a class I medical device, assists people with low to moderate levels of reduced mobility, enabling them to remain active performing tasks of daily living, which they would otherwise either refrain from doing or could not do. It can also be used in clinics by people with disabilities such as muscle weakness or partial loss of sensory functions. Being a modular system, it comprises an ankle, knee and hip which can be use individually or combined and used unilaterally or bilaterally. XoSoft is revolutionary: Soft robotics sensors and actuators will be developed using existing basis science concepts and integrated with connected health functionality. It will be the first commercially orientated soft exoskeleton for the mainstream mobility assistance market. XoSoft is a user centered design achieved by involving primary, secondary and tertiary end users throughout the project. It is easy and comfortable to wear, has a significant impact on the persons mobility and health, on their independence and quality of life. Advanced textiles and smart materials will be developed to create sensing, variable stiffness joints and actuation using technologies such as electro rheological fluids, flexible tactile sensors based on polymeric films with carbon nanotubes and nanowires. Control is through biomimetics to identify the user’s motion and intention and to determine and provide the appropriate level of assistance. Connected health connectivity and analysis enable the wearer and their clinicians/therapist to review activity information. The concept is tested extensively in the lab, is subject to trials in clinical settings and home environments.

Keywords: exoskeletons,smart materials,biomimetic control,advanced textiles,connected health,user centered design
High Performance Nano-structured Composites for Tooling Industry (VibraCoat)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Industrial Leadership
Programme: Nanotechnologies, Advanced Materials, Advanced Manufacturing and Processing, and Biotechnology
Theme: Nanotechnologies
Action type: SME instrument
Countries involved: Sweden
Call: Accelerating the uptake of nanotechnologies, advanced materials or advanced manufacturing and processing technologies by SMEs (H2020-SMEINST-1-2015, 2015)
Start date: 2016-04-01
End date: 2016-09-30
Duration (months): 6.0
Total project cost (EUR): 71429.0
EU funding (EUR): 50000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

‘VibraCoat’ is one of the brand names of Plasmatrix Materials AB and refers to a member of a family of multi-functional nanostructured metal matrix composites with elastic modulus comparable to metals, resilience comparable to rubbers, hardness comparable to ceramics and vibration damping comparable to polymers. The proposal aims at commercialize the process technology and VibraCoat material for an integrated vibration damping solution for tooling systems used in manufacturing industry: tool holders and cutting insert supports (shims). At this stage, the developed VibraCoat material has an elastic modulus of 50 GPa, hardness of 2.5 GPa, resilience of 60% spring-back, loss factor of ~40% and withstand temperature up to 450°C. These properties make VibraCoat a unique candidate for absorbing shocks and vibration energy during machining as there are very few viable solutions in the harsh environment of machining. The market for only shims to damp the cutting insert is enormous, as 650-800 million inserts are consumed every year in the Western World only. However, there is still a gap to bridge in order to enable the Plasmatrix to address this significant market opportunity. While the VibraCoat material has been synthesized and the process technology has been validated successfully at small scale and over a limited range, there is now a necessity to further develop the process and demonstrate that the process and concept can be up-scaled and extended to a variety of tooling systems. The verified and quantified data produced will allow Plasmatrix to develop and validate a business plan and associated marketing strategy. With this Plasmatrix will be able to commercially develop, exploit and service the market after the Feasibility Study ends. Plasmatrix staff has excellent competence in the multidisciplinary field of plasma engineering, Atomic Additive Process (ADP) equipment design and manufacturing, ADP process control and optimization and material characterization.

Keywords: high power impulse magnetron sputtering,atomic additive process,tooling systems,structural vibration,damping,tool life
Selective Functionalization of Saturated Hydrocarbons (BioMet)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Panel description: New materials and new synthetic approaches, structure-properties relations, solid state chemistry, molecular architecture, organic chemistry
Countries involved: Israel
Call: ERC Advanced Grant (ERC-2017-ADG, 2017)
Start date: 2018-11-01
End date: 2024-10-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2499375.0
EU funding (EUR): 2499375.0
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

Despite that C–H functionalization represents a paradigm shift from the standard logic of organic synthesis, the selective activation of non-functionalized alkanes has puzzled chemists for centuries and is always referred to one of the remaining major challenges in chemical sciences. Alkanes are inert compounds representing the major constituents of natural gas and petroleum. Converting these cheap and widely available hydrocarbon feedstocks into added-value intermediates would tremendously affect the field of chemistry. For long saturated hydrocarbons, one must distinguish between non-equivalent but chemically very similar alkane substrate C−H bonds, and for functionalization at the terminus position, one must favor activation of the stronger, primary C−H bonds at the expense of weaker and numerous secondary C-H bonds. The goal of this work is to develop a general principle in organic synthesis for the preparation of a wide variety of more complex molecular architectures from saturated hydrocarbons. In our approach, the alkane will first be transformed into an alkene that will subsequently be engaged in a metal-catalyzed hydrometalation/migration sequence. The first step of the sequence, ideally represented by the removal of two hydrogen atoms, will be performed by the use of a mutated strain of Rhodococcus. The position and geometry of the formed double bond has no effect on the second step of the reaction as the metal-catalyzed hydrometalation/migration will isomerize the double bond along the carbon skeleton to selectively produce the primary organometallic species. Trapping the resulting organometallic derivatives with a large variety of electrophiles will provide the desired functionalized alkane. This work will lead to the invention of new, selective and efficient processes for the utilization of simple hydrocarbons and valorize the synthetic potential of raw hydrocarbon feedstock for the environmentally benign production of new compounds and new materials.

Keywords: h activation,alkane,remote functionalization
Relative Rank Theory: A Computational Model of Preferences, Choices, Attitudes and Opinions (RRTJDM)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: The Human Mind and Its Complexity
Panel description: Cognitive science, psychology, linguistics, theoretical philosophy
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call: ERC Advanced Grant (ERC-2017-ADG, 2017)
Start date: 2018-10-01
End date: 2024-09-30
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1992127.0
EU funding (EUR): 1992127.0
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

People differ in their preferences and attitudes. But how do these preferences and attitudes relate to the choices people make and the opinions they express? People’s behaviour is ubiquitously and systematically context-dependent, but cognitive and economic models of choice have failed to provide accounts that satisfactorily reconcile the context-dependence of choice with the existence of stable individual differences. In social psychology, the related person-situation debate remains largely uninformed by current cognitive models. We propose to develop a new and integrative computational model which reconceptualises the relation between preferences, choices, attitudes, and expressed opinions. We suggest that people’s choices and expressed opinions cannot be understood in terms of stable underlying preferences and attitudes in the way that conventional models assume. We propose a radically different alternative, which brings insights from social psychology to bear on cognitive models of economic judgement and choice by distinguishing between underlying preferences and expressed preferences. Underlying preferences are stable characteristics of people, but do not inform everyday choices directly because people have no conscious access to the strength of their underlying preferences. Expressed preferences in contrast are learned, context-dependent, and do inform everyday choices directly. Bringing insights from cognitive models to social context effects, we implement a parallel distinction between underlying and expressed attitudes and quantify the concepts of authenticity preference and social extremeness aversion. Using agent-based modelling to link individual-level and network-level effects, we model effects of both choice context and social context within an integrative framework, and aim to account for individual choice as well as social network-level phenomena such as social norm influences, polarisation, and social contagion effects. .

Keywords: models of choice,preferences,polarisation