Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Mesoscopic Fermi Gases (MESOFERMI)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Fundamental constituents of matter
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (ERC-2013-StG, 2013)
Start date: 2013-10-01
End date: 2019-09-30
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1236060.0
EU funding (EUR): 1236060.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This proposal brings together the fields of ultracold Fermi gases and of mesoscopic systems. Starting with a two-dimensional (2D) Fermi gas, we will imprint small-scale potential structures onto the atoms. Thus, a mesoscopic system embedded in a 2D reservoir is produced. Specifically, we will imprint optical dipole potentials varying on a micrometre scale onto a 2D gas of 6Li atoms. Due to the widely different energy scales, the entropy of the atoms in the mesoscopic structures will be massively reduced as compared to the reservoir atoms. The atoms in the mesoscopic structures will be characterised by an innovative detection scheme with single atom sensitivity. The combination of mesoscopic potentials, single atom detection and entropy reduction will put us in a unique position to access new regimes of many-body physics. First, we will investigate a mesoscopic realisation of the 2D Hubbard model. Beyond the study of the fermionic Mott insulating phase and its excitations, the possibility to study staggered Hubbard models and create domain structures is a very attractive prospect. Most importantly, the massive entropy reduction inherent to the mesoscopic approach will enable us to observe antiferromagnetic ordering, the major milestone central to further progress in the field. Going beyond periodic structures, we will focus on the direct creation of mesoscopic model systems. In a bottom-up approach, we will realise a plaquette consisting of 2x2 sites, the essential building block for models of d-wave superconductivity. The creation of 1D structures with local defects will open the possibility to study phenomena such as spin-charge separation, Friedel oscillations and the rectification of atomic transport. Finally, the physics of open quantum systems will become accessible when studying the interaction between mesoscopic system and reservoir. In conclusion, I believe that the proposed research programme will bring a new level of functionality to the field.
Harnessing Quantum Systems with Superconductivity and Magnetism (QSUPERMAG)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Fundamental constituents of matter
Countries involved: Austria,Austria
Call:  (ERC-2013-StG, 2013)
Start date: 2013-11-01
End date: 2018-10-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1293483.2
EU funding (EUR): 1293483.2
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

QSuperMag aims at using magnetic fields and superconductors to harness quantum degrees of freedom in order to make accessible an unprecedented parameter regime in the fields of quantum micro- and nanomechanical oscillators, quantum simulation with ultracold atoms, and solid-state quantum information processing. The goal is to establish a new paradigm in quantum optics by replacing laser light with magnetic fields, and especially, superconductors. Laser light has been the ubiquitous tool in the last decades to control and manipulate quantum systems because it is fast, coherent, and can be focused to address individual degrees of freedom. However, the use of lasers poses fundamental limitations, such as heating and decoherence due to scattering and absorption of photons, and a minimum length-scale to achieve coherent control due to the diffraction limit. The main goal of QSuperMag is to circumvent these limitations by using magnetic fields and superconductors to harness quantum systems that are traditionally controlled and addressed by laser light. This will be done by developing new theory and proposing experiments which lie at the interplay between the fields of quantum science and superconductivity. QSuperMag’s goals are to: -Propose cutting-edge experiments in the field of quantum micromechanical systems. This will be achieved by exploiting the unique features of our recent proposal for quantum magnetomechanics using magnetically-levitated superconducting microspheres [ORI et al. PRL 109, 11013 (2012)]. -Put forward a magnetic nanolattice for ultracold atoms in which the distance between lattice sites is of the order of few tens of nanometers. Together with a magnetic toolbox this will place the field of quantum simulation in a radically new scenario. -Use superconductors to enhance the coupling of remote magnetic dipoles in order to design an all-magnetic quantum information processor in diamond. This will also have relevant technological applications. ￼￼￼￼

Keywords: quantum nano- and micromechanical oscillators,quantum simulation with ultracold atoms,quantum information processing,superconductivity
Performance Capture of the Real World in Motion (CAPREAL)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Computer science and informatics
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (ERC-2013-StG, 2013)
Start date: 2013-09-01
End date: 2018-08-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1480800.0
EU funding (EUR): 1480800.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Computer graphics technology for realistic rendering has improved dramatically; however, the technology to create scene models to be rendered, e.g., for movies, has not developed at the same pace. In practice, the state of the art in model creation still requires months of complex manual design, and this is a serious threat to progress. To attack this problem, computer graphics and computer vision researchers jointly developed methods that capture scene models from real world examples. Of particular importance is the capturing of moving scenes. The pinnacle of dynamic scene capture technology in research is marker-less performance capture. From multi-view video, they capture dynamic surface and texture models of the real world. Performance capture is hardly used in practice due to profound limitations: recording is usually limited to indoor studios, controlled lighting, and dense static camera arrays. Methods are often limited to single objects, and reconstructed shape detail is very limited. Assumptions about materials, reflectance, and lighting in a scene are simplistic, and we cannot easily modify captured data. In this project, we will pioneer a new generation of performance capture techniques to overcome these limitations. Our methods will allow the reconstruction of dynamic surface models of unprecedented shape detail. They will succeed on general scenes outside of the lab and outdoors, scenes with complex material and reflectance distributions, and scenes in which lighting is general, uncontrolled, and unknown. They will capture dense and crowded scenes with complex shape deformations. They will reconstruct conveniently modifiable scene models. They will work with sparse and moving sets of cameras, ultimately even with mobile phones. This far-reaching, multi-disciplinary project will turn performance capture from a research technology into a practical technology, provide groundbreaking scientific insights, and open up revolutionary new applications.

Keywords: performance capture,computer vision,computer graphics,scene reconstruction
Architecture of bacterial lipid rafts; inhibition of virulence and antibiotic resistance using raft-disassembling small molecules (BACRAFTS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Immunity and infection
Countries involved: Spain,Germany
Call:  (ERC-2013-StG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-03-01
End date: 2020-02-29
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1493126.0
EU funding (EUR): 1493126.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

Membranes of eukaryotic cells organize signal transduction proteins into microdomains or lipid rafts whose integrity is essential for numerous cellular processes. Lipid rafts has been considered a fundamental step to define the cellular complexity of eukaryotes, assuming that bacteria do not require such a sophisticated organization of their signaling networks. However, I have discovered that bacteria organize many signaling pathways in membrane microdomains similar to the eukaryotic lipid rafts. Perturbation of bacterial lipid rafts leads to a potent and simultaneous impairment of all raft-harbored signaling pathways. Consequently, the disassembly of lipid rafts in pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus generates a simultaneous inhibition of numerous infection-related processes that can be further explored to control bacterial infections. This unexpected sophistication in membrane organization is unprecedented in bacteria and hence, this proposal will explore the molecular basis of the assembly of bacterial lipid rafts and their role in the infection-related processes. These questions will be addressed in three main goals: First, I will elucidate the molecular components and the mechanism of assembly of bacterial lipid rafts using S. aureus as model organism. Second, I will dissect the molecular basis that links the functionality of the infection-related processes to the integrity of bacterial lipid rafts. Third, my collection of anti-raft small molecules that are able to disrupt lipid rafts will be tested as antimicrobial agents to prevent hospital-acquired infections, abrogate pre-existing infections and develop bacteria-free materials that can be used in clinical settings. I will use a number of molecular approaches in combination with cutting-edge techniques in flow cytometry, cell-imaging and transcriptomics to clarify the architecture and functionality of lipid rafts and demonstrate the feasibility of targeting lipid a new strategy for anti-microbial therapy.
Using Historical Quasi-Experiments to Understand the Knowledge Economy (HISKNOWL)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Individuals, institutions and markets
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2013-StG, 2013)
Start date: 2013-11-01
End date: 2018-09-30
Duration (months): 59.0
Total project cost (EUR): 733621.0
EU funding (EUR): 733621.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

This proposal covers three research strands at the intersection of innovation economics, economic history, and labour economics. In project A I will investigate how the number of entrepreneurs at the city level affects city growth. As the number of entrepreneurs in a city is likely to be endogenous I identify the causal effect of entrepreneurs using the exodus of Jewish entrepreneurs from German cities during the Nazi era. As different German cities were affected to varying extents by the exodus of Jewish entrepreneurs I can investigate how entrepreneurs affect local GDP and employment in the long-run. Furthermore, I will analyse which types of entrepreneurs matter (e.g. bankers versus manufacturers) because different cities lost Jewish entrepreneurs in different professions. In project B we will analyse how increases in the availability of secondary schools in Germany affect the number of talented people (such as scientists, parliamentarians or entrepreneurs) who originate from certain cities. To analyse the causal effect of secondary school availability we study large expansions in the number of schools in Germany that lowered the cost of attending an academic-track school for children in some locations, in particular for students in rural areas. Furthermore, we will investigate how the school curriculum and how single-sex versus mixed-sex education affect the production of talent. In project C we investigate the role of open science for the accumulation of knowledge. To investigate the causal effect of open science on the productivity of scientists we will investigate the exclusion of scientists from the losing Central Powers (e.g. Germany) from the international scientific community after WWI. As the exclusion affected scientists in different scientific fields and countries very differently we can identify the role of open science for the number of published articles by a certain scientist and how quickly she cites important work by foreign scientists.
RNA-Mediated Inheritance of Acquired Traits (TRANSGENERATIONALRNA)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Genetics,Genomics,Bioinformatics and Systems Biology
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (ERC-2013-StG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-02-01
End date: 2019-07-31
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1499999.98
EU funding (EUR): 1499999.98
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Inheritance of acquired traits is a topic of long-standing interest and controversy. While some of the classic Lamarckian ideas have been dismissed, more recent observations suggest that certain characteristics acquired by an animal during its lifetime might be transmitted to the next generations. Recently I described, for the first time in animals, a biological context in which acquired traits are inherited via small RNA molecules, which ignore the boundary between the soma and the germ line (“The Weizmann Barrier”). Specifically, I showed that the nematode C.elegans inherit an acquired trait, antiviral resistance, through transgenerational transmission of antiviral small RNAs (viRNAs), which mediate RNA interference (RNAi) (Cell, 2011). viRNAs, which protect the worm from viral propagation, pass down to many ensuing generations in a non-Mendelian manner, in the absence of their DNA template, and thus defend RNAi-deficient progeny from viral propagation. Here I suggest defining the rules that govern RNA-mediated transgenerational inheritance of acquired traits and exploring its contribution for the genetics of complex traits. My first efforts will be directed towards elucidating the mechanism behind transgenerational transmission of small RNAs; I established a well-defined system for monitoring transgenerational silencing that should allow unveiling of its genetic and biochemical basis. Second, I will examine whether responses to relevant environmental stresses carry on to the next generations so that the progeny is better prepared to cope with similar conditions. Lastly, I will explore whether sensing of environmental cues by the nervous system drives small RNA biogenesis, which transfer transgenerationally and mediate inheritance of neuronally-encoded traits. While the idea that RNA encodes for “Inherited Memory” sounds heretic at first, my preliminary efforts suggest that inherited small RNAs may indeed transmit information about ancestral acquired experiences.
Molecular Billiards in Slow Motion (MOLBIL)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Physical and Analytical Chemical sciences
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (ERC-2013-StG, 2013)
Start date: 2013-08-01
End date: 2018-07-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1500000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1500000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

It is a long held dream of chemical physicists to study (and ultimately control!) the interactions between individual molecules in completely specified collisions. This project brings this goal within reach. I will develop a novel crossed molecular beam scattering apparatus in which precise control over the molecules prior to the collision is obtained, and in which the scattering products are detected with the highest possible resolution. The velocity and quantum state of molecules is brought fully under control using Stark and Zeeman decelerators. The angular and velocity distributions of the scattering products will be probed using velocity map imaging. The monochromatic molecular beam pulses afforded by the Stark and Zeeman decelerators will yield scattering images with unprecedented sharpness, adding a new dimension to the information that can be extracted from the measured differential cross sections. This “best of both worlds” combination allows for bimolecular scattering studies at unexplored energies and with unprecedented resolution. I will exploit these new possibilities to study scattering phenomena that provide insights in molecular scattering mechanisms that were previously beyond the realm of experimentalists. These include quantum tunneling phenomena and scattering resonances in low-energy collisions, rotational product-pair correlations in bimolecular collisions, and non-adiabatic effects in the multi-surface dynamics beyond the Born-Oppenheimer approximation for radical-radical collisions. The scattering data that will be obtained will challenge the most sophisticated theoretical models to calculate molecular potential energy surfaces to date, and will foster major steps forward in our understanding of molecular interactions. The approach proposed here will open up a new and intellectually rich research field in chemical physics, and will comprise a major breakthrough in the upcoming research field of cold molecules.

Keywords: crossed beam scattering,stark deceleration,velocity map imaging,rotational energy transfer
Internet Geographies: Changing Connectivities and the Potentials of Sub-Saharan Africa's Knowledge Economy (GEONET)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Institutions, values, beliefs and behaviour
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2013-StG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-07-01
End date: 2020-06-30
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1499110.0
EU funding (EUR): 1499110.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Until recently, access to telecommunication technologies was out of reach for all but the most privileged citizens in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, recent radical changes that have connected hundreds of millions have encouraged politicians, journalists, academics, and citizens to speak of an IT-fuelled economic revolution happening on the continent. Many see potentials to move away from primary industries and towards a focus on quaternary and quinary sectors (the knowledge-based parts of the economy). Yet, it remains that there is surprisingly little research into the emergence of a new knowledge economy in Africa. As such, it is precisely now that we urgently need groundbreaking frontier research to understand precisely what impacts are observable, who benefits, and how these changes match up to our expectations for change. We should therefore ask if we are seeing a new era of development on the continent fuelled by ICTs, or whether SSA’s engagement with the global knowledge economy continues to be on terms that reinforce dependence, underdevelopment, and economic extraversion. This research project tackles this broad line of inquiry by focusing on the geographies, causes, and effects of SSA’s emerging knowledge economies at this crucial moment of change. We do so through three key research contexts: economic geographies of knowledge production; outsourcing and bottom-of-the-pyramid labour; and the creative service sector. Using a mixed-methods approach, we will document the unexpected challenges and the unanticipated innovative uses of this changing connectivity, and cut through through the hype by empirically evaluating benefits and impacts of new communication technologies in Africa. This project will thus contribute not only to academic and policy debates surrounding connectivity and Internet access, but will also provide a robust evidence base crucial in shaping future rounds of ICT related development projects in low-income countries.
Sequencing biological molecules with graphene (BIOGRAPHENE)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Physical and Analytical Chemical sciences
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (ERC-2013-StG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-05-01
End date: 2019-04-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1499996.08
EU funding (EUR): 1499996.08
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Graphene – a one atom thin material – has the potential to act as a sensor, primarily the surface and the edges of graphene. This proposal aims at exploring new biosensing routes by exploiting the unique surface and edge chemistry of graphene.

Keywords: graphene,nanogap,sequencing,electrical detection,nanoscience,chemistry,biology,dna,protein
Understanding the determinants of suicidal behaviour, serious accidents and violence in young people (SAVYP)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Diagnostic tools, therapies and public health
Countries involved: United Kingdom,Denmark
Call:  (ERC-2013-StG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-02-01
End date: 2019-05-31
Duration (months): 64.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1498312.0
EU funding (EUR): 1498312.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

Direct comparisons of risk factor profiles for different forms of self-destructive, hazardous and violent behaviour in young people have rarely been made in the same study cohort. This maintains a possibly erroneous assumption that these behaviours have distinct aetiologies. These outcomes may represent different aspects of the same complex underlying aetiology, rather than being disjunctive phenomena. I shall collaborate with Professor Preben Mortensen and colleagues at the world renowned National Centre for Register-based Research (NCRR), University of Aarhus, Denmark to identify risk factors that are common across a set of poor outcomes in young people, and also those that are specific to particular outcomes. Among all Danish singleton births during 1980-1996, in a national cohort of over a million young persons, we will assess a comprehensive range of potential individual-level and familial risk factors for attempted and completed suicide, violent offending, and serious accidental injury and death. This cohort has complete ascertainment and follow-up at 15-29 years of age until 31st December 2011. My research team and I will utilise an exceptional array of interlinked registers. As well as conducting nested epidemiological studies based on rigorous and representative population-based sampling procedures, we shall also conduct sibling-comparison studies with the aim of identifying stronger indications of causality. My research topic is of considerable importance to countries across Europe and throughout the world. It is of particular relevance given the prevailing context of enduring macro economic stagnation, and the specific challenges that this milieu presents for young people as they approach maturity facing an uncertain future. I expect to generate novel findings that will inform clinicians and service planners across a wide range of healthcare specialties, as well as the social services, the police and emergency services, and other relevant public agencies.

Keywords: aetiology,suicide,self-harm,violent offending,accident