Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
NEXT-GENERATION BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING TO SUPPORT EVALUATION OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR IN BUILT ENVIRONMENTS (NEXTGENBIM)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Environment and society
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2013-12-01
End date: 2018-11-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1629370.0
EU funding (EUR): 1629370.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This proposal argues that current building modeling tools, including popular BIM (Building Information Modeling) systems, provide a poor, inadequate representation of buildings: they represent only the physical and material characteristics of buildings. Buildings, unlike other products, cannot be understood independently of their context, of their intended use, and of their intended users. This shortcoming hinders the ability of current building models to support evaluations other than those based on physical and material characteristics of the building, such as lighting, energy consumption, and structural stability. In particular, the impact of a building that has not yet been built on the life and activities of its future users—a key element in determining whether or not the proposed building will meet the needs of its intended users—is not afforded by current building models. To afford comprehensive prediction and evaluation of future buildings, we also need to model the purpose and function of the building, and the social, cultural, and economic profile of the people who will use it. Although predicting users' behavior in a built environment and their interaction with the building and with other people is a highly complex task, vast research exists that is devoted to analyzing and explaining human behavior in built environments. Still, due to the shortcomings of building models, this knowledge rarely make into the practice of architectural design, at the time buildings are being designed. The proposed research aims at remedying that shortcoming by developing a more a comprehensive building modeling method, which will include form, function, and use information. A better model will lead to better designed buildings. In an era when the irrevocable impact of the built environment on the cost, quality, and perhaps even possibility of life on earth has been recognized, the need to make every effort to improve the tools used by building designers is self-evident.
Alpha-helical Barrels: Exploring, Understanding and Exploiting a New Class of Protein Structure (ABEL)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Applied life sciences and biotechnology
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-02-01
End date: 2019-01-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2467844.0
EU funding (EUR): 2467844.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Recently through de novo peptide design, we have discovered and presented a new protein structure. This is an all-parallel, 6-helix bundle with a continuous central channel of 0.5 – 0.6 nm diameter. We posit that this is one of a broader class of protein structures that we call the alpha-helical barrels. Here, in three Work Packages, we propose to explore these structures and to develop protein functions within them. First, through a combination of computer-aided design, peptide synthesis and thorough biophysical characterization, we will examine the extents and limits of the alpha-helical-barrel structures. Whilst this is curiosity driven research, it also has practical consequences for the studies that will follow; that is, alpha-helical barrels made from increasing numbers of helices have channels or pores that increase in a predictable way. Second, we will use rational and empirical design approaches to engineer a range of functions within these cavities, including binding capabilities and enzyme-like activities. Finally, and taking the programme into another ambitious area, we will use the alpha-helical barrels to template other folds that are otherwise difficult to design and engineer, notably beta-barrels that insert into membranes to render ion-channel and sensor functions.

Keywords: protein design protein engineering protein structure
The Distribution and Redistribution of Income and Wealth: A Global and Historical Perspective (DRIWGHP)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Individuals, institutions and markets
Countries involved: France
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-02-01
End date: 2019-01-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2489576.0
EU funding (EUR): 2489576.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Income and wealth inequality has widened significantly in many developed countries during the past 40 years, particularly in the Anglo-Saxon world. In some countries, e.g. the US, income concentration is now higher than in the early decades of the 20th century. EU trends are less strong, but push in the same direction. Yet, despite these puzzling facts, we still know very little about the forces behind the long run evolution of income and wealth distribution. The central objective of this proposal is to better understand the rise in inequality, and more generally to develop a unified empirical and theoretical approach to the distribution and redistribution of income and wealth. First, I propose to construct a new "World Wealth and Income Database" (WWID) that will be made public through a dedicated website. Existing inequality data sets are insufficient, first because many countries are not well covered, and mostly because available series concentrate on income inequality and usually do not cover wealth inequality. This is unfortunate, because the theoretical forces at play are very different for income and wealth distributions. The WWID will remedy both deficiencies and allow for a better articulation between available data and theoretical models. Next, I will use this new database to test for the various mechanisms explaining the rise in inequality. In particular, I will explore the extent to which low growth and high returns to wealth naturally push towards higher wealth-income ratios as well as rising wealth concentration. In the near future this mechanism is likely to be particularly strong in low growth Europe (especially in countries with negative population growth). In the long run it can also operate at the level of the global distribution of wealth. I will also develop new theoretical models of optimal taxation of income and wealth. These models will be using a "sufficient statistics" approach and will be calibrated using WWID data.

Keywords: sh6_8: social and economic history
Stability Islands: Performance Revolution in Machining (SIREN)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Products and process engineering
Countries involved: Hungary
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-03-01
End date: 2019-06-30
Duration (months): 64.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2573000.0
EU funding (EUR): 2573000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Cutting went through a revolution in the 1990s when high-speed milling (HSM) was introduced: the sculpture-like workpieces produced with high precision and efficiency resulted in one order of magnitude less parts in cars/aircrafts, which kept this traditional technology competitive at the turn of the century. This has been followed by an incremental development when not just the cutting speeds, but depths of cut and feed rates are pushed to limits, too. The limits are where harmful vibrations occur. Cutting is subject to a special one called chatter, which is originated in a time delay: the cutting edge interferes with its own past oscillation recorded on the wavy surface cut of the workpiece. In 1907, the 3rd president of ASME, Taylor wrote: “Chatter is the most obscure and delicate of all problems facing the machinist”. In spite of the development of the theory of delay-differential equations and nonlinear dynamics, Taylor’s statement remained valid 100 years later when HSM appeared together with a new kind of chatter. The applicant has been among those leading researchers who predicted these phenomena; the experimental/numerical techniques developed in his group are widely used to find parameters, e.g. where milling tools with serrated edges and/or with varying helix angles are advantageous. The SIREN project aims to find isolated parameter islands with 3-5 times increased cutting efficiency. The work-packages correspond to points of high risk: (1) validated, delay-based nonlinear modelling of the dynamic contact problem between chip and tool; (2) fixation of the tool that is compatible with a dynamically reliable mathematical model of the contact between tool and tool-holder; (3) up-to-date dynamic modelling of the spindle at varying speeds. High risk originates in the attempt of using distributed delay models, but high gain is expected with robust use of parameter islands where technology reaches a breakthrough in cutting efficiency for the 21st century.

Keywords: time delayed mechanical systems,chatter,modelling of cutting,modelling of dynamic contacts,damping,friction
Molecular mechanism of amyloid β aggregation (MAMBA)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Physical and Analytical Chemical sciences
Countries involved: Sweden
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-02-01
End date: 2019-01-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2499920.0
EU funding (EUR): 2499920.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Generation of toxic oligomers during aggregation of amyloid beta peptide (Abeta42) into amyloid fibrils is a central event in Alzheimer disease. Understanding the aggregation process is therefore one important step towards therapy and diagnosis of the disease. We propose a physical chemistry approach with the goal of finding the molecular mechanisms behind the process in terms of the underlying microscopic steps and the molecular driving forces governing each step. We will use methodology developed recently in our laboratory yielding unprecedented reproducibility in the kinetic data. The methodology relies on optimization of every step from production and purification to isolation of highly pure monomeric peptide, and inertness and minimized area of all surfaces. We will use cell viability studies to detect toxic oligomeric species, and selective radio-labeling experiments to pinpoint the origin of those species. In order to obtain insight into the molecular determinants and the relative role of different kinds of intermolecular interactions for each microscopic step, we will study the concentration dependent aggregation kinetics as a function of extrinsic and intrinsic parameters. Extrinsic parameters include temperature, salt, pH, biological membranes, other proteins, and low and high Mw inhibitors. Intrinsic parameters include point mutations and sequence extension/truncation. We will perform detailed kinetic studies for each inhibitor to learn which step in the process is inhibited coupled to cell toxicity assays to learn whether the generation of toxic oligomers is limited. We will use spectroscopic techniques, dynamic light scattering, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy and mass spectrometry coupled to HD exchange to learn about structural transitions as a function of process progression under different conditions to favor different microscopic steps. The results may lead to improved diagnostics and therapeutics of Alzheimer disease.

Keywords: protein aggregation,molecular mechanism,inhibitors of amyloid formation,alzheimer disease,origin of neurotoxicity
Cytokine Receptor Signaling Revisited: Implementing novel concepts for cytokine-based therapies (CYRE)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Molecular and Structural Biology and Biochemistry
Countries involved: Belgium
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-02-01
End date: 2019-01-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2487728.4
EU funding (EUR): 2487728.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Cytokine receptor signaling is an essential part of the intercellular communication networks that govern key physiological processes in the body. Cytokine dysfunction is associated with numerous pathologies including autoimmune disorders and cancer, and both cytokines and cytokine antagonists have found their way into the clinic. Yet, there are still many unfulfilled promises and opportunities. In this project we will reinvestigate key aspects of cytokine receptor activation and signaling using novel insights and techniques recently developed in our laboratory. This will include the AcTakine concept for cell-specific targeting of cytokine activity, and applications of our MAPPIT, KISS and Virotrap toolboxes to systematically map protein interactions involved in cytokine signaling. We expect to obtain important new insights, both in fundamental and in applied medical sciences.
Excision Repair and chromatin interaction dynamics (ERC-ID)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Molecular and Structural Biology and Biochemistry
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-01-01
End date: 2018-12-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2500000.0
EU funding (EUR): 2500000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

DNA damage is a fact of life. Lesions hamper genome function, induce mutations causing cancer and trigger senescence or cell death contributing to aging. Therefore cells are equipped with a sophisticated defence machinery: DNA Damage Response (DDR) including different repair pathways. Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is versatile repair process, eliminating helix-distorting lesions, e.g. bulky adducts and sun-induced lesions. Very cytotoxic transcription-blocking lesions are removed by a dedicated sub-pathway, transcription-coupled (TC-)NER. The impact of NER is highlighted by 4 disorders: xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), Cockayne syndrome (CS), trichothiodystrophy and UV-sensitive syndrome (UVSS). XP patients are cancer-prone due to global-genome (GG-)NER defects, whereas CS patients, impaired in TC-NER, display progeroid features, which are thought to derive from endogenous oxidative DNA lesions hampering transcription. Consistent with this, CS cells are sensitive to oxidative agents, whereas TC-NER-deficient UVSS patients are not sensitive to oxidative agents and do not display aging features. This implies lesion-specific TC-NER, arguing for distinct operational TC-repair machineries. The relative importance of DDR pathways varies with the type of damage, cell type and stage of development determining onset of cancer and aging pathologies. The challenging ambition of this proposal is to gain in depth insight into the role of NER in protection against cancer and aging by an integral multi-disciplinary approach which includes new mouse models for novel TC-NER genes, live cell and tissue NER kinetic analyses, advanced proteomics and analysis of NER-related chromatin dynamics to dissect cross-talk with other pathways. The strength of this project is the comprehensive strategy, availability of unique tools (e.g. collection of bona fide NER mutant mice), operational top notch technical platforms for all proposed approaches and proven competence and expertise.
“Yeast” genetics in mammalian cells to identify fundamental mechanisms of physiology and pathophysiology (HAPLOID)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Physiology, Pathophysiology and Endocrinology
Countries involved: Austria
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-02-01
End date: 2019-01-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2499951.0
EU funding (EUR): 2499951.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Some organisms such as yeast or social insects are haploid, i.e. they carry a single set of chromosomes. Organisms with a single copy of their genome provide a basis for genetic analyses where any recessive mutation of essential genes will show a clear phenotype due to the absence of a second gene copy. Recessive genetic screens have markedly contributed to our understanding of normal development, basic physiology, and disease. However, all somatic mammalian cells carry two copies of chromosomes (diploidy) that obscure mutational screens. Although deemed impossible, we were able to develop generate mammalian haploid embryonic stem cells, thereby breaking a paradigm of biology. Our novel stem opens the possibility of combining the power of a haploid genome with pluripotency of embryonic stem cells to uncover fundamental biological processes in defined cell types at a genomic scale. The following projects are proposed: 1. Towards“yeast” genetics in mammalian stem cells. Development of optimized technologies for rapid, genome-wide screens via repairable mutagenesis. Mutational bar-coding to introduce quantitative genomics to mammalian biology. 2. Forward genetic screens to uncover essential stem cell genes, identify novel stemness factors, develop improved systems for iPS cell derivation, and to perform synthetic lethal screens for anti-cancer drugs. 3. Reverse genetics using to identify and validate genes involved in cardiovascular physiology, brown and white fat cell development, and pain sensing. 4. Hit validation – exemplified by resistance to the bioweapon ricin. Haploid embryonic stem cells carry the promise to revolutionize functional genetics and allow rapid, near whole genome-wide mutational forward genetics analysis and reverse genetics in defined cell types. Our systems will be made available to all researchers and the knowledge gained from our studies should fundamentally impact on the basic understanding of physiology and disease pathogenesis.
Inside mechanisms sustaining cancer stem cells (INMEC)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Physiology, Pathophysiology and Endocrinology
Countries involved: Italy
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-07-01
End date: 2019-06-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2500000.0
EU funding (EUR): 2500000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The “Cancer Stem Cell (CSC) Hypothesis” postulates that the capacity to maintain tumour growth is owned by rare cancer cells, the CSCs, endowed with self-renewal properties. This hypothesis implies that CSCs must be eliminated to achieve cancer cure. Nevertheless, direct proof is still lacking, and recent findings challenge our concepts of CSCs, showing the limits of the CSC-defining assay (transplantation) and suggesting that CSC-identity might be context-dependent. We found two properties of CSCs self-renewal that are indispensable for the maintenance of an expanding CSC-pool and tumour growth: increased frequency of symmetric divisions, due to inactivation of the p53 tumour suppressor, and increased replicative potential, due to up-regulation of the cell-cycle inhibitor p21. We will now investigate: i) How loss of p53 in tumours leads to expansion of the CSC pool, by testing the hypothesis that p53-loss activates the Myc oncogene which induces CSC-reprogramming of differentiated cancer cells. ii) Whether p53-independent pathways are also implicated, by in vivo shRNA screens of primary tumours or normal progenitors to identify pathways involved, respectively, in CSC self-renewal or inhibition of SC-reprogramming. iii) How p21-induced cell-cycle arrest protects CSCs from self-renewal exhaustion, by investigating regulation of cell-cycle recruitment of quiescent CSCs. iv) Whether activation of p21 in CSCs induces a mutator phenotype, due to its ability to activate DNA repair, by investigating mechanisms of DNA-damage, mutation rates, and relevance of CSC mutations for development of chemoresistance. We will test self-renewal functions in a transplantation-independent assay, based on tumour re-growth in vivo after cytotoxic treatments and “clonal tracking” of re-growing tumours (using barcoded lentiviral libraries). Our long-term goal is the identification of CSC-specific targets that could be used to create the basis for CSC-specific pharmacological intervention.
Morphing Enabling Technologies for Propulsion System Nacelles (MORPHELLE)

Framework: FP7 — Cooperation
Programme: Transport (including Aeronautics)
Destination: Aeronautics and air transport
Action type: Collaborative project
Countries involved: Germany,United Kingdom,Sweden
Call:  (FP7-AAT-2012-RTD-L0, 2012)
Start date: 2013-10-01
End date: 2015-10-31
Duration (months): 25.0
Total project cost (EUR): 776104.0
EU funding (EUR): 599489.0
Participants: 4
Project status: CLOSED

Flightpath 2050 and the recently unveiled Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda (SRIA) have elaborated CO2-emissions and external noise targets according to chronologically aligned waypoints. For propulsion and power systems the projected cumulative impact of previous Framework Programmes compare favourably to the 2035 target given in the SRIA document. However, if one extends the comparative exercise to include appreciation of SRIA 2050, the goals assigned to propulsion fall short by a significant amount. Serious consideration has not been hitherto given to the potential multi-functional benefits afforded by Active Compliant Systems technologies applied to the inlet and cowl (collectively known as “nacelle”). Targeting a service entry year of 2025+, the MorphElle Project aims to address this aspect, and thus, would constitute a body of investigative work that will serve to complement encouraging efforts expended in other projects. This project will undertake the task of designing an adaptive nacelle concept suited to advanced propulsion ideas and shall qualify numerical experimental work by performing tests on a mechanical test rig. Finally, potential benefits and risks will be produced and an initial roadmap for resolving the most important issues for implementation shall be communicated. The MorphElle Consortium benefits from a Joint Technical Advisory Committee (JTAC) comprising 10 members: SAFRAN Aircelle, MTU, Airbus, EADS, Alenia Aermacchi, Rolls-Royce Deutschland, ONERA, DLR and CNRS – FEMTO-ST Besançon. The MorphElle Project has the vision of investigating ground-breaking technologies to provide a means of physical shape change such that adaptive compliant nacelle systems make a noticeable contribution in reaching the emissions and noise reduction targets beyond year 2025.

Keywords: nacelle propulsion adaptive structures variable stiffness finite element analysis advanced actuators morphing aerodynamics aero-acoustics computational fluid dynamics multi-disciplinary design