Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Cognitive and Biological Factors of Mathematical Learning and Achievement (LEARNING&ACHIEVEMENT)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The Human Mind and its complexity
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2013-StG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-05-01
End date: 2020-04-30
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1999859.0
EU funding (EUR): 1999859.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

Mathematical competence is essential for an individual’s functioning in society and for societal prosperity and progress in general. Crucially, the specific cognitive and biological factors that determine high, average, or low mathematical achievement are still poorly understood. The current project aims to address this gap by examining the link between mathematical achievement (cognitive factors) and brain indices (biological factors) across the developmental trajectory and for different competency levels. Specifically, the projects objectives are: 1) identify the critical cognitive and biological components, as well as the dynamic developmental sequence, necessary for the normal development of mathematical abilities; 2) unravel the cognitive and biological factors that contribute to and/or restrict neuroplasticity in mathematical learning. This knowledge may be used in the future to improve prevention, identification, and classification of children with impaired numeracy such as developmental dyscalculia; and 3) develop and test well-defined, evidence-based methods for improving mathematical learning. In addition, one of the objectives of the proposed project is to provide experimental knowledge that will have high ecological validity, by examining mathematical learning and achievement while subjects are studying in a classroom setting. I will use an innovative multimethod approach that integrates cognitive and developmental psychology together with neuromodulation, neurophysiology, and neurochemistry, which will provide a comprehensive understanding of the cognitive and brain bases of mathematical learning and cognition. While such knowledge will offer substantive advances for the fields of psychology, education, and neuroscience, it also has broad societal implications, as the high ecological validity provides insights in translational approaches for improving the lives of children and adults with low mathematical abilities.

Keywords: mathematical competence,longitudinal design,individual differences,learning,non-mathematical abilities,neuroplasticity,resting-state fmri,mri,neuromodulation,neurophysiology,neurochemistry
Intelligent systems' Holistic Evolving Analysis of Real-life Universal speaker characteristics (IHEARU)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Computer science and informatics
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (ERC-2013-StG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-01-01
End date: 2018-12-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1498200.0
EU funding (EUR): 1498200.0
Participants: 3
Project status: CLOSED

Recently, automatic speech and speaker recognition has matured to the degree that it entered the daily lives of thousands of Europe's citizens, e.g., on their smart phones or in call services. During the next years, speech processing technology will move to a new level of social awareness to make interaction more intuitive, speech retrieval more efficient, and lend additional competence to computer-mediated communication and speech-analysis services in the commercial, health, security, and further sectors. To reach this goal, rich speaker traits and states such as age, height, personality and physical and mental state as carried by the tone of the voice and the spoken words must be reliably identified by machines. In the iHEARu project, ground-breaking methodology including novel techniques for multi-task and semi-supervised learning will deliver for the first time intelligent holistic and evolving analysis in real-life condition of universal speaker characteristics which have been considered only in isolation so far. Today's sparseness of annotated realistic speech data will be overcome by large-scale speech and meta-data mining from public sources such as social media, crowd-sourcing for labelling and quality control, and shared semi-automatic annotation. All stages from pre-processing and feature extraction, to the statistical modelling will evolve in "life-long learning" according to new data, by utilising feedback, deep, and evolutionary learning methods. Human-in-the-loop system validation and novel perception studies will analyse the self-organising systems and the relation of automatic signal processing to human interpretation in a previously unseen variety of speaker classification tasks. The project's work plan gives the unique opportunity to transfer current world-leading expertise in this field into a new de-facto standard of speaker characterisation methods and open-source tools ready for tomorrow's challenge of socially aware speech analysis.

Keywords: computational paralinguistics,speech analysis,speech processing,speaker characterisation,speaker states,speaker traits,affective computing
A War of Words: What Ancient Manchurian History Does to Korea and China Today (WAROFWORDS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The study of the human past
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (ERC-2013-StG, 2013)
Start date: 2013-10-01
End date: 2019-03-31
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1499955.0
EU funding (EUR): 1499955.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The past is not past. Ancient history can influence the present day, affecting diplomatic and economic ties between states, and galvanizing public discourse and cultural expression. Since 2003, South Korea and China have been embroiled in a territorial dispute - over ancient states that ceased to exist as such over a millennium ago, in then Manchuria. Both sides have invested hundreds of millions of dollars in establishing the legitimacy of their claims, subsidizing academic research and publicity campaigns. Strategically positioned in the middle lies North Korea, its roots extending deeply into Manchurian history, and the object of Chinese strategic interests. The confrontation has appealed to the popular imagination in both countries. Amateur historians, artists, and film makers have voiced their opinions in writing, art, movies, and TV, in traditional and new (online) media. Why does the past elicit this intense activity in the present? What does the past mean for the present, and what does it do to it? A WAR OF WORDS will engage this complex of Chinese claims to Manchu-Korean ancient history, South Korean reactions, public discourse and cultural expression in both states, and the role of North Korea. It will approach these issues from an interdisciplinary angle, as an interconnected whole of contemporary national interests, strategic visions for the future of Northeast Asia, revisionist ancient history, and notions of national identity. It will critically review historiography of Manchuria through the ages; chart policy-driven uses and abuses of history in academia and the public domain in the Koreas and China; and complement and challenge habitual IR and security studies perspectives on Northeast Asia, particularly North Korea, by foregrounding ancient Manchurian history and its politico-socio-cultural manifestations in the present. As such, it will radically alter our understanding of a region of tremendous geopolitical, ­economic, and ­cultural importance.

Keywords: korea -china -manchuria
Accurate ages of stars (STELLARAGES)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Universe sciences
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (ERC-2013-StG, 2013)
Start date: 2013-10-01
End date: 2018-09-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1483200.0
EU funding (EUR): 1483200.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Age is a fundamental property of stars. It is an essential tool to understand many diverse phenomena in astrophysics, including the evolution of stars, planetary systems, and the Galaxy. However, age is currently the most poorly known property of a star, often to no better than 30-40% accuracy, which is not good enough. The ages of stars cannot be measured directly; they can only be determined by comparing age-sensitive observables with model predictions. Asteroseismology, the study of stellar oscillations, offers the unique opportunity to estimate the ages of stars to within 5-10% of their lifetime. Using state-of-the-art space observations (CoRoT and Kepler) of stellar oscillation frequencies combined with ground-based spectroscopy (e.g. APOGEE), I propose to uniformly determine accurate ages of thousands of stars with unprecedented precision. Building on my extensive experience in this field, I plan to develop and implement new asteroseismic diagnostics for a large number of main-sequence stars, subgiants and red giants. These new age determination methods are expected to be calibrated using stars in binary systems and clusters, and compared with classical methods. Uniform age determinations for a large sample of stars in different directions in the sky will greatly advance the study of stellar populations in the Galaxy. This project is ambitious, and success requires a dedicated approach from a competent team with the right resources and the right leader.

Keywords: asteroseismology,gyrochronology,stellar activity,stellar rotation,stellar chemical composition,stellar internal structure
Tracking Glycosylations with Targeted, Molecule-Sized “Noses” (GLYCOTRACKER)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Materials and Synthesis
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (ERC-2013-StG, 2013)
Start date: 2013-10-01
End date: 2018-09-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1398429.0
EU funding (EUR): 1398429.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Glycobiology is poised to be the next revolution in biology and medicine; however, technical difficulties in detecting and characterizing glycans prevent many biologists from entering this field, thus hampering new discoveries and innovations. Herein, we propose developing a conceptually novel technology that will allow straightforward identification of specific glycosylation patterns in biofluids and in live cells. Distinct glycosylation states will be differentiated by developing “artificial noses” in the size of a single molecule, whereas selectivity toward particular glycoproteins will be obtained by attaching them to specific protein binders. To achieve high sensitivity and accuracy, several innovations in molecular recognition and fluorescence signalling are integrated into the design of these unconventional molecular analytical devices. One of the most important motivations for developing these sensors lies in their potential to diagnose a variety of diseases in their early stages. For example, we describe ways by which prostate cancer could be rapidly and accurately detected by a simple blood test that analyzes the glycosylation profile of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Another exceptional feature of these molecular analytical devices is their ability to differentiate between glycosylation patterns of specific proteins in live cells. This will solve an immense challenge in analytical glycobiology and will allow one to study how glycosylation contributes to diverse cell-signalling pathways. Finally, in the context of molecular-scale analytical devices, the proposed methodology is exceptional. We will show how “artificial noses” can be designed to target nanometric objects (e.g. protein surfaces) and operate in confined microscopoic spaces (e.g. cells), which macroscopic arrays cannot address. Taken together, we expect that the proposed technology will break new ground in medical diagnosis, cell biology, and biosensing technologies.

Keywords: fluorescent molecular sensors,glycobiology,molecular logic gates,chemical "nose",biosensors,medical diagnostics,glycobiomarkers.
Recycling of Metallic Materials from Rotorcraft Transmissions (REMART)

Framework: FP7 — Cooperation
Programme: Joint Technology Initiatives (Annex IV-SP1)
Theme: Public-private partnerships
Destination: Clean Sky
Action type: Article 171 of the Treaty
Partnership: CLEAN-SKY (Art-185)
Countries involved: Spain,Spain,Cyprus,Belgium
Call:  (SP1-JTI-CS-2012-03, 2012)
Start date: 2013-04-01
End date: 2015-09-30
Duration (months): 30.0
Total project cost (EUR): 297845.0
EU funding (EUR): 223382.0
Participants: 4
Project status: CLOSED

The current research project deals with the analysis and validation of the main helicopter power transmissions recycling processes and the design of recycling protocols in order to make them efficient, profitable and environmentally sustainable. This issue is in the domain of the CLEAN SKY JTI - Green Rotorcraft which has the aim to improve the environmental impact of the components in aeronautic and air transport sectors. The main objective of the project is the developing of cost-efficient and clean recycling protocols for the components of the helicopter power transmission system. The protocols will be based on experimental trials. The activities of the project will rely on four pillars: parts and their coatings, dismantling processes, stripping processes and transformation processes. The general strategy will be: 1.- Development of a complete survey of market that surrounding the recycling of HTS. The goal of this study is the best adaptation of the HTS parts to the recycling processes. 2.- Study and analysis of all materials and coatings used in the manufacturing of HTS. 3.- Matching of each part with the most suitable recycling processes. 4.- Quantitative evaluation of the recycling processes. For the validation of the recycling protocols they will be applied in real parts pieces within two different cases: 1. GRC 6.3 Tail gear box 2. GRC 6.4 Intermediate gear box Working procedure will be as follows: • Analysis of the components and filling the bill of materials. • Selection of the possible protocols. • Assessment of the protocols by the application of the spreadsheet. • Select the most economic and environmental protocols. • Recycle each component according to their protocol. • Execution of the tests and analyses to validate each process and the overall recycling cycle. • Cost-effectiveness analysis In this research project no new technologies for recycling the components of the helicopter transmission systems are going to be developed.

Keywords: analysis validation helicopter rotorcraft transmissions recycling processes coating stripping
Principles of biomolecular networks (PNET)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-02-01
End date: 2019-01-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2311000.0
EU funding (EUR): 2311000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Cells process information using biochemical circuits of interacting proteins and genes. We wish to define principles guiding the design of those circuits. The interplay between variability and robustness is of key interest to us. Bio-molecular processes are stochastic, environmental conditions fluctuate, and sequence polymorphisms are abundant. How is variability buffered to maintain reproducible outcomes? Can variability enhance computational abilities? What is the impact of variability on bio-molecular circuit design? We will explore those fundamental questions in three contexts: Source of variability in Gene expression: We previously examined the mechanistic basis of expression variability, defining promoter structures associated with low vs. high variability. We will now address the more challenging question: what evolutionary pressures shape the expression program? On the network level, we will define mutual effects of selection for increased expression and for optimal growth. On the metabolic level, we will define which aspect of the expression process is limiting and the genomic consequences of this limitation. Role of expression variability in Nutrient homeostasis: We recently reported that repression of high affinity transporter in rich nutrient (the ‘dual-transporter’ motif) enables advanced preparation to nutrient depletion. We will now validate an additional predicted property of this motif: cells become committed to the starvation program, escaping it due to expression noise only. To this end, we will introduce a novel method for modulating expression noise while maintaining mean abundance. Buffering variability in Embryonic patterning: Buffering fluctuations is essential in embryonic patterning. We previously established that the embryonic DV axis of Drosophila is robustly patterned through the newly defined shuttling mechanism. We will quantify the ability of this system to buffer size variations (scaling), and reveal the underlying scaling mechanism.

Keywords: system biology,computational biology,yeast,robustness,expression noise
From Translation to Creation: Changes in Ethiopic Style and Lexicon from Late Antiquity to the Middle Ages (TRACES)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Cultures and cultural production
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-03-01
End date: 2019-12-31
Duration (months): 70.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2493220.0
EU funding (EUR): 2493220.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

An area of ancient written culture from the first millennium BCE, the Ethiopian highlands have been home to a complex literary tradition (predominantly in Ge‘ez) that has no parallel in sub-Saharan Africa. Its emergence was determined by Late Antique culture (Byzantium including Egypt, Pales-tine, Syria, and the Red Sea), Mediterranean cultural encounters, and the African background. The earliest known texts were translations from Greek, later works were adopted from Christian Arabic (esp. Copto-Arabic) literary tradition, in addition to a rich local written production. The complexity of literary history is fully reflected in the changes in grammar, lexicon and stylistic means of the Ge‘ez language. TraCES will for the first time analyze in detail the lexical, morphological and sty-listic features of texts depending on their origins using the achievements of linguistics, philology, and digital humanities. An annotated digital text corpus of critically established texts will be cre-ated. Frequency and collocation analysis will reveal changes in grammatical and lexical choices across centuries. Novel ways of visualization of textual features and intertextual relationships will be offered to provide insights into the structure, history and evolution of texts. The resulting new understanding of the history of the Ge‘ez language and of the Ethiopian creativity and literary activity will help establish features and criteria that may be helpful in determining the origins of texts when the direct ‘Vorlage’ is missing. The literary transmission and dissemination processes will be analyzed by contrasting and connecting Ethiopian Late Antique and medieval heritage with its parallels and antecedents in Near East and Mediterranean, contributing to our understanding of the cultural networks of the Christian Orient. A number of valuable research tools will emerge as by-products of the project.

Keywords: ethiopian studies,ethiopic language,textual heritage,digital humanities,corpus linguistics,lexicography,literary history,text transmission,translation,style
Quantum Mesoscopics with Vacuum Trapped Nanoparticles (QMES)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Condensed matter physics
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2013-10-01
End date: 2019-09-30
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2499471.0
EU funding (EUR): 2499471.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The objective of this project is to control the dynamics of a nanoscale object with unprecedented precision and to study interactions on the mesoscale, - the grey zone between the discrete atomistic world and the continuous world of macroscopic objects. A single nanoparticle will be captured by the gradient force of a focused laser beam in ultrahigh vacuum and its center-of-mass motion will be controlled by optical back-action. To cool the nanoparticle to its quantum ground state we will explore active parametric feedback cooling in combination with passive cavity-based cooling. A laser-trapped nanoparticle is physically decoupled from its environment, which guarantees extremely long coherence times and quality factors as high as 10^11 in ultrahigh vacuum. Force sensitivities of 10^(-20) Newtons in a bandwidth of 1 Hz can be achieved, which outperforms other measurement techniques by orders of magnitude. In this project, we will use a laser-trapped nanoparticle as a local probe for measuring mesoscopic interactions, such as Casimir forces, vacuum friction, non-equilibrium dynamics and phase transitions, with unprecedented accuracy. We will also measure the dynamics of nanoparticles in double-well potentials created by two laser beams with closely spaced foci. A pair of trapped nanoparticles defines a highly controllable coupled-oscillator model, which can be used for studying strong coupling, level splitting, and adiabatic energy transfer at the quantum - classical barrier. A nanoparticle cooled to its quantum ground state opens up a plethora of fundamental studies, such as the collapse of quantum superposition states under the influence of noise and gravity-induced quantum state reduction. This project will also open up new directions for precision metrology and provide unprecedented control over the dynamics of matter on the nanometer scale.