Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Neighboring and the Geopolitics of Ethnically "Mixed Cities" (NEGEOP)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, 2009)
Start date: 2010-07-12
End date: 2012-07-11
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 174903.2
EU funding (EUR): 174903.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This proposal is an extension of my intellectual development and research experience towards my attempt to establish an interdisciplinary centre for the study of urban politics. My previous work was widely acknowledged and explored in Israel and the US, but so far it has had no visibility in the EU due to lack of resources. Academically, this research proposal aims to fill the empirical and theoretical lacunae in the existing body of knowledge that deal with contested cities in Europe and elsewhere by offering a new interdisciplinary perspective about how people and communities use, appropriate, and claim the everyday space of their neighbourhoods while advocating their own values and rights. Beyond the empirical input of this research, its intention is to contribute to the existing knowledge in urban studies and to the formulation of a theoretical basis concerning the relevance of geopolitics to the study of cities. Additionally, this project intends to add to the growing literature on cities such as Belfast, Berlin, and Brussels by contextualizing the very specific—and perhaps exceptional—case of Israel within the existing experience, academic knowledge, and research on other cities.

Keywords: mixed cities,planning,architecture,conflict,ethnicity,everyday life,geopolitics,social sciences
Morphodynamic of the Swash zone: Experimental and numerical modelling (MORPHSWASH)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Italy
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, 2009)
Start date: 2011-01-01
End date: 2012-12-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 165458.6
EU funding (EUR): 165458.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

One of the major shortcomings of Coastal Sediment Transport Models is the poor definition of the shoreward boundary of the fluid domain or, more specifically, of the Swash Zone (SZ). Following this assumption, the present project aims to provide both major advances in the knowledge of SZ processes and major improvements in the modelling capability of the SZ dynamics. Focus will, first, be in increasing the current knowledge of SZ dynamics and in implementing some of the recent advances in a new Lagrangian, intra-wave model, especially designed for the SZ flows. The model is such to take into account the time history of water particles when predicting the sediment transport at a given location. Previous studies suggest that Lagrangian methods offer many advantages in representing the complex processes occurring in the SZ. The next task to be undertaken in the course of the project is the inclusion of dynamical SZ mechanisms (evolving at the intra-wave time scale) in wave-averaged nearshore circulation models by using new Shoreline Boundary Conditions (SBCs). This fundamental piece of modelling has been the object of various recent implementation attempts made within the international research community. Experimental measurements of SZ flows, sediment concentration and intra-wave information of bed changes, outcome of an ongoing experimental EU project in which both the candidate and the host institution are involved, will be made available to help the modelling. Further experiments, aimed to validate the codes to be implemented, are also planned to be carried out at the host institution. The proposing research team, having available both extensive experience in SZ measurement and leading capabilities in SZ numerical modelling, is ideally positioned for implementing the complete version of SBCs in a nearshore circulation model which would, for the first time, enable proper computations of nearshore flows and morphodynamics.

Keywords: coastal engineering,nearshore,swash zone,sediment transport,morphodynamics,shoreline boundary conditions,lagrangian simulation,sediment and turbulence advection,shallow waters
Role of microRNAs in vascular diseases (MIRNAVASC)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, 2009)
Start date: 2010-10-01
End date: 2013-11-19
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 162661.0
EU funding (EUR): 162661.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Atherothrombosis still represents the major cause of death in developed countries. All forms of atheroma are characterized by a risk of arterial wall rupture leading to clinical complications. This involves medial and adventitial ruptures in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and intimal cap rupture in vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. In both cases the rupture may result in the occlusion of an artery by the formation of a thrombus causing an acute event. Being able to predict who is at risk of an acute cardiovascular event is at present one of the major challenges of cardiovascular medicine. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small (typically 22 nt in size) regulatory RNA molecules that function to modulate the activity of specific mRNA targets and play important roles in a wide range of physiologic and pathologic processes. Recent studies have revealed that miRNAs are able to modulate different pathological process involved in atherotrombosis. Our working hypothesis is that the development of atherothrombosis is a chronic process that is associated with miRNA dysregulation, that is, altered miRNA expression profiles may be the cause of many of the abnormalities related to atherotrombosis. The aim of this project is to link miRNA dysregulation to pathophysiology of atherothrombosis, with the aim of characterizing novel biomarkers which could be used in the diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic setting.

Keywords: health sciences,mirnas,aneurysm,atherosclerosis,biomarkers,therapeutic,diagnosis
Mathematical Virology: A classification of virus architecture and the structural transitions important for maturation and infection (MATVIR)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, 2009)
Start date: 2010-05-01
End date: 2012-04-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 166040.8
EU funding (EUR): 166040.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This project in Mathematical Biology addresses two important questions concerning the structure and life cycle of viruses: -) The classification of the possible three-dimensional shapes of the capsid proteins compatible with icosahedral symmetry (the most common symmetry of viral capsids) by means of group theory and tiling theory; -) The modeling and prediction of the structural transitions of the viral capsids (protein containers encapsidating the genome) involved in the maturation of the viral particles, using ideas and techniques of the mathematical theory of phase transitions in crystals. The expected results will clarify, on a geometrical basis, the spectrum of structural features that can occur in the viral capsids with icosahedral symmetry (such as the shape and the bonds between the proteins) and elucidate the mechanisms essential for their maturation and infectivity. Such insights have relevant implications for the design of antiviral drugs that inhibit the assembly or the maturation of viral capsids, and the manufacture of self-assembling virus-like containers for drug delivery.

Keywords: biomathematics,mathematical virology,mathematical crystallography,quasicrystals,viral capsid,viral structural transitions,lattice transitions,3d tilings
How do cortical representations of eye position impact spatial cognition ? (EYE POSITION)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, 2009)
Start date: 2010-08-11
End date: 2012-08-10
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 161661.0
EU funding (EUR): 161661.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Eye position helps locate visual stimuli relative to head or body and thus, by aligning vision with other sensory and motor information may contribute to building abstract, multimodal maps for directing attention or for exploring the space. The cortical source of static eye position information has only recently been discovered and the function of eye proprioception in spatial behavior is unknown. Here I propose a research program to characterize the role of eye muscle proprioception in these complex cognitive functions. This proposal builds on my postdoctoral work which pioneered transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) as a method to interfere with cortical proprioceptive processing of eye position in humans. Lateral biases in attention and space exploration are core deficits in body-centered spatial hemineglect. The project will specifically test the hypothesis that a deficit in integrating eye proprioception information in the brain’s networks that subserve visual attention is a source for distorted spatial cognition in neglect. To this end and to exploit the TMS approach maximally I plan to combine it with neuropsychological characterization and lesion-symptom mapping, skills that I wish to learn from my host supervisor. Prof. Karnath is an internationally recognized expert in spatial cognition in healthy and neurological patient populations. I am an MD/PhD with 2 years postdoctoral research experience and a publication record that demonstrate that proprioceptive information can shape action and perception in the visual space.This project will therefore not only produce novel, timely and potentially clinical relevant knowledge about the role of eye proprioception in spatial behavior, but also provide the interdisciplinary training that would allow me to integrate complementary insights from the healthy population and neurological patients into a coherent model for spatial cognition.

Keywords: neuropsychology,neurophysiology,vision,proprioception,eye position,body-centered hemineglect,space cognition,somatosensory cortex,magnetic resonance imaging,transcranial magnetic stimulation
Extreme Astrophysics: Ultra-compact binaries and gamma-ray bursts (EXTREME ASTROPHYSICS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Sweden
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, 2009)
Start date: 2011-01-01
End date: 2012-12-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 164628.6
EU funding (EUR): 164628.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

We propose a research project to work within the field of extreme astrophysics, on ultra-compact binaries and gamma-ray bursts. In particular we wish to understand the role of compact binaries as gamma-ray burst (GRB) progenitors, the formation of compact binaries in the field of our Galaxy and the production of interacting binaries in globular clusters. We will approach these connected problems in four different ways. First, we will predict the galactic offsets of short GRBs, using our detailed binary stellar evolution code to compute the evolution of the binaries most important for their production. Some events in compact binary evolution that proceed on hydrodynamical timescales will be modelled using smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). We shall further use the predictions to model the wind outflows from the binary and single-star progenitors of long gamma-ray bursts to determine if the two can be distinguished. Secondly, we shall use a detailed stellar evolution code to compute the evolution of ultra-compact binaries in the field, to better understand the origins of some of their observed properties. Thirdly, we shall use a code that combines detailed stellar evolution and N-body dynamics to model the evolution of the progenitor binaries of gamma-ray bursts in dense stellar environments. Finally, we shall estimate the production rate of LISA-visible binaries in the field and in globular clusters from the models mentioned above. To achieve this scientific programme we intend to recruit Ross Church as a fellow. Church is an expert in stellar evolution and N-body dynamics, and his computer code that combines the two is a unique research tool for the investigation of stellar evolution in dense stellar systems such as the core of a globular cluster. His recruitment will broaden his scientific skill base and research interests and allow him to mature as a researcher, thus fulfilling the aims of the FP7 &quot;people&quot; work programme.

Keywords: astrophysics,extreme astrophysics,gamma-ray bursts,ultra-compact binaries,stellar evolution,stellar dynamics,computational physics
Microfluidic device for high-throughput three-dimensional culture, mechanical stimulation and drug screening of stem cells (STEMCELLSTRESSCHIP)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, 2009)
Start date: 2010-04-01
End date: 2012-03-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 173565.2
EU funding (EUR): 173565.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Adult stem cells are the engines that drive tissue dynamics. Tissue homeostasis and regeneration are critically dependent on their self-renewal capability and differentiation to replenish cells of a tissue throughout life. Due to these unique properties, adult stem cells hold enormous potential for the treatment of various diseases. Moreover, recent findings suggest that cells with stem cell-like properties maintain some cancers including acute leukaemia, brain and breast cancers. Adult stem cell regulation is still poorly understood and significant hurdles need to be overcome before stem cells can be used efficiently and safely in the clinic. One of the greatest challenges is controlling stem cell behaviour outside of their natural microenvironment, as this would allow expanding them to sufficient numbers or differentiating them in a well-defined manner. Cell fate is determined by biochemical and physico-chemical factors, the physical environment around them (extracellular matrix) and mechanical stimuli. Recreating cell microenvironments artificially is a crucial aspect of stem cell research which has been tackled with considerable success using synthetic hydrogels. We propose the development of a microfluidic platform for simultaneous culture inside hydrogels, mechanical stimulation and drug screening of stem cells. Combining microfluidic technology with the in situ synthesis of hydrogels, we plan to create an efficient miniaturized cell microenvironment suitable for mechanical stimulation. The miniaturization of the culture will reduce the number of cells needed per experiment, a critical issue in stem cell research. The inclusion of microfluidic control modules will provide advanced fluidic handling and automation and will enable high-throughput and drug screening studies. We will use this platform study myofiber formation from muscle progenitor cells and induced pluripotent stem cells towards the development of therapies for muscle dystrophy.

Keywords: stem cells,microfluidics,artificial niches,high-throughput screening,myofiber formation
Multi-section semiconductor lasers for all-optical signal processing and short pulse generation (LASPULSE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, 2009)
Start date: 2010-09-01
End date: 2012-08-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 154417.0
EU funding (EUR): 154417.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

All-optical signal processing will play a major role in future photonic networks in order to fully utilize ultra-wide bandwidth of the optical carrier. On the other hand the generation of short optical pulses with low jitter is also very important to extend the capacity of optical communication systems. High power short pulses are also of strong interest in telemetry, and Free-Space-Optics (FSO) communications. The objective of this project is to study, both from a theoretical and an experimental point of view, multi-section semiconductor lasers focusing on its applications in all-optical signal processing and short pulse generation for optical communication systems. The goal is to achieve a better understanding of the dynamics of these devices in order to assess their possible use as active elements for optical signal processing. Gain-switching and mode-locking techniques for pulse generation will be applied to multi-section lasers in the project. Novel techniques, such as optical injection, will be introduced to improve device performance. Previous experimental experience of the researcher on semiconductor laser development and characterization will be combined with the expertise of the host group in laser diode modelling to optimize multi-section semiconductor lasers.

Keywords: optoelectronics,modelling tools,physics of semiconductors,laser technology
THE ROLE OF RNA SILENCING IN REGULATION OF JASMONATE HORMONE SIGNALLING (SILENCING HORMONES)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IOF, 2009)
Start date: 2010-06-01
End date: 2014-11-30
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 251679.1
EU funding (EUR): 251679.1
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

RNA silencing and jasmonate (JA) signalling are key pathways that regulate plant development and defence against pests and disease. Evidence indicates that these pathways interact, but the full extent and nature of the interactions are unknown. An accurate understanding of these interactions is crucial to inform crop modification strategies that improve plant defence and growth. RNA silencing targets specific genes using small (s)RNAs. It controls gene expression through processes such as DNA methylation, which affects binding of transcription factors (TFs) to promoters, and mRNA degradation. JA signalling may influence DNA methylation via RNA silencing, and expression of hundreds of genes changes during JA responses. Also, JA signalling is inhibited by disruption of RNA silencing. I propose to conduct a targeted dissection of JA signalling/RNA silencing interactions. I will be hosted first by Prof. Ecker (Salk Institute, US), who is a world leader in DNA methylation research. There, I will investigate JA-responsive changes in DNA methylation at a genome-wide scale. I will also study a group of TFs that regulate both RNA silencing and JA signalling, and investigate the roles of known RNA silencing components in JA responses. In the return phase, I will be hosted by Prof. Solano (Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Spain) who is an expert in JA biology. Whilst in his group I will characterize novel JA-responsive sRNAs and investigate the effects of JA-responsive DNA-methylation on known JA-signalling TFs. These objectives will reveal new insights into two critical plant defence pathways, making an important contribution to the EU Knowledge Based Bio-Economy. Through significant international mobility, I will learn cutting-edge techniques, broaden my scientific knowledge, develop complementary skills such as lab management, and extend my professional network. These experiences will be crucial in attaining my goal of becoming a group leader.

Keywords: natural sciences,agriculture,jasmonate,hormone signalling,rna silencing,plant defence,disease,epigenetics,methylation,enabling research,sustainable production
Sexual selection under changing conditions and environments (SUCCESS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, 2009)
Start date: 2011-02-01
End date: 2013-01-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 181103.2
EU funding (EUR): 181103.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Sexual selection has been largely assumed to be static and to always favour the most exaggerated trait. However, changes in the ecological or social environment can modify the strength and direction of sexual selection (e.g. favouring flexibility in female preferences). Unfortunately, how sexual selection and environmental variability interact is still poorly understood as evidence is scarce and incomplete. The first objective of the present project is to assess the direction, strength and outcome of sexual selection under different environmental conditions in terms of parasite prevalence, population density and weather by analysing long-term databases (including breeding success and male sexual traits and condition of thousands of individuals from nine British populations over more than 15 years) in the Red Grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus. Secondly, I will experimentally prove for the first time in a wild species at a population level that changes in the ecological environment can modify sexual selection. In two different grouse populations, three sub-areas will be selected and increased nematode load, nematode removal or control treatments will be applied to all individuals occurring in those areas. If sexual selection increases under restrictive conditions, I predict stronger selection for male traits in populations with larger parasite loads (at correlative and manipulative levels), in populations living at high densities and in populations subjected to harsher weather conditions (low winter-spring temperatures and high rainfall). Thirdly, grouse females will be challenged with increased loads of nematodes in order to experimentally study the effect of health status on mate choice. Theory predicts that females in good condition should have more attractive mates compared to poor quality females. Thus, I expect to find lower strength of preference for male traits in challenged females as compared to control or nematode-removed females.

Keywords: natural sciences,evolutionary ecology,animal ecology,sexual selection,global change adaptation strategies (climate change).