Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Molecules, magnetic fields and Intermittency in coSmic Turbulence – Following the energy trail. (MIST)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Universe sciences
Panel description: Astro-physics/-chemistry/-biology; solar system; planetary systems; stellar, galactic and extragalactic astronomy; cosmology; space sciences; astronomical instrumentation and data
Countries involved: France
Call: ERC Advanced Grant (ERC-2016-ADG, 2016)
Start date: 2017-10-01
End date: 2024-09-30
Duration (months): 84.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2500000.0
EU funding (EUR): 2500000.0
Participants: 3
Project status: SIGNED

The discovery of molecules in the early universe is a challenging providence. Molecules unveil the truly cold universe in which stars form and their rich versatility provides unique diagnostics to unravel the ”relative importance of purely gravitational effects and gas dynamical effects involving dissipation and radiative cooling”, recognized 40 years ago by White and Rees to be a central issue in theories of galaxy formation. Molecules also reveal that cosmic turbulence is far less dissipative than predicted by cosmological simulations, with a broad equipartition in a vast variety of media between the thermal energy of the hottest phases and the turbulent energy of the coldest. Our project focuses on the physics of turbulent dissipation, and its link to the emergence of molecules, in the magnetized compressible medium where gravitational instability develops to form stars and seed galaxies in the early universe. It builds on a fundamental property of turbulence, its space-time intermittency: dissipation occurs in bursts. Our team will foster strong interactions between three main research axes: (1) observations of the chemical and thermal markers of turbulent dissipation in the high-redshift and local universe, (2) statistical analyses of the magnetic and velocity fields in samples of unprecedented size and sensitivity to study the non-Gaussian signatures of turbulent dissipation, and (3) numerical experiments dedicated to (a) the space-time structures of turbulent dissipation and the formation of molecules in their wake, and (b) the split of the energy trails between hot/thermal and cold/turbulent phases. This project will benefit from the prodigious capabilities of the ALMA and NOEMA interferometers, the launch of the JWST in 2018, and the Planck satellite data on polarized Galactic foregrounds. The ENS Physics Department, with its strong theoretical and experimental expertise on turbulence, is an ideal place to house such a project.

Keywords: turbulence,magnetic fields,intermittency,non linear physics,chemistry,large observational facilities
Investigating Dishonesty with Experimental Applications: Evidence from the Lab and the Field (IDEA)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Economic Sciences
Countries involved: France
Call: Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships (IF-EF) (H2020-MSCA-IF-2014, 2014)
Start date: 2015-06-01
End date: 2017-05-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 185076.0
EU funding (EUR): 185076.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Trust plays a very important role in economic and social interactions. It reduces transaction costs, promotes efficiency in markets, improves cooperation, and increases the ability of people, organizations and countries to adapt to complexity and change. Trust is also very fragile and can be easily break with extremely detrimental consequences for society. This highly interdisciplinary research project aims to develop a pioneer analysis of what is considered one of the most fundamental threats of trust, and, a major concern of modern society: dishonesty. The central objective of “IDEA” is to provide a better understanding of the determinants of dishonest behaviour by incorporates psychological, emotional and social factors that have been only recently brought into economics. Within this framework, “IDEA” intends to develop and test new mechanisms to fight against dishonesty which entail a lower cost for society, and preserve the freedom of citizen. More specifically, “IDEA” will investigate what individual characteristics are more/less likely to be associated with dishonest behaviour to provide a better understanding of deceptive behaviour, and obtain an identikit of a dishonest individual. It will examine the nexus between dishonesty and competition, in order to determine why competitive pressures induce more cheating, and which features of the competitive environment are linked to more dishonesty. By exploring the deterrence effect of information disclosure on audits and sanctions, “IDEA” will help to develop an optimal system of sanctions which discourage dishonesty, and minimize the monetary costs of the enforcement authority and the psychological costs of the citizens.

Keywords: dishonesty,trust,fraud,economic lies,competition,experiment,emotions
VIRGO: Studying a VIRal Gpcr in Oncogenesis (VirGO)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Life Sciences
Countries involved: Ireland
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2019, 2019)
Start date: 2020-09-14
End date: 2023-04-14
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 196590.72
EU funding (EUR): 196590.72
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is widespread in all human communities. While most people carry EBV as a life-long asymptomatic infection, in some people, EBV contributes to malignant transformation and is responsible for ~200,000 new cancer cases/year. Small molecule inhibitors targeting viral proteins could be an effective option to treat people with EBV-associated cancers. However, no such drugs exists which in part reflects the limited repertoire of targetable virus proteins present in EBV-driven cancers. Recently, the Experienced Researcher (ER) has shown that the tumour cells of EBV-associated cancers such as Burkitt lymphoma (BL), express the EBV-encoded BILF1, a constitutively active G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR). Furthermore, preliminary data by the ER indicate that BILF1 partially recapitulates the aberrant transcriptional programme of BL and is likely to do so through activation of oncogenic cell signalling pathways that include AKT-mTOR. These data suggest that BILF1 could be a realistic therapeutic target, raising the possibility of advancing the development of anti-viral drugs to treat EBV-related tumours; GPCRs are the most successful class of drug target for the treatment of human disorders and are emerging as anti-cancer targets. In this project the ER will harness new models of B cell lymphomagenesis available in the host laboratory to: 1) Explore the role of BILF1in the transformation of germinal centre B cells; the progenitors of BL; 2) Identify how BILF1 contributes to the established phenotype of BL cells; and 3) Link these phenotypes to pathological features of the primary tumour and to patient response to therapy. Thus, the Fellowship will significantly advance knowledge of the mechanisms of EBV-mediated oncogenesis, in turn paving the way for the development of new EBV-targeted small molecule drugs. The ER will emerge from this project with a new advanced skill-set and the capability to launch her own high level scientific research.

Keywords: virology,cancer biology,viral driven lymphomagenesis,epstein barr virus,ebv encoded bilf1,gpcr,burkitt s lymphoma,b cell lymphomas
Safeguarding European wild pollinators (Safeguard)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Societal Challenges
Programme: Climate action, environment,  resource efficiency and raw materials
Theme: Protection of the environment, sustainable management of natural resources, water , biodiversity and ecosystems
Action type: Research and Innovation actions
Countries involved: Estonia,Italy,Germany,Spain,Germany,Belgium,Serbia,Belgium,Romania,Sweden,Sweden,China,Switzerland,Hungary,Bulgaria,France,Netherlands,United Kingdom,United Kingdom
Call: Addressing wild pollinators decline and its effects on biodiversity and ecosystem services (H2020-SC5-2020-2, 2020)
Start date: 2021-09-01
End date: 2025-08-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 7850403.75
EU funding (EUR): 5350403.75
Participants: 25
Project status: SIGNED

Wild pollinators are a key part of European biodiversity and provide a wide range of benefits to crops, wild plants, and human wellbeing. In Europe and globally, wild pollinators are facing multiple threats, however, the full extent of declines, their complex causes, and the most effective ways to respond to them are not well understood. Safeguard brings together world-leading researchers, NGOs, industry and policy experts to substantially contribute to Europe’s capacity to reverse the losses of wild pollinators. Safeguard will significantly expand current assessments of the status and trends of European wild pollinators including bees, butterflies, flies and other pollinating insects. We will use state-of-the-art models to predict the impacts of pressures on pollinators, paying particular attention to emerging threats, multiple and interacting drivers, long-term and cumulative effects, and multiple spatial scales. Safeguard will establish empirical research for a systematic multi-scale assessment of multiple pressures on pollinators and the context-dependent effectiveness of interventions. Working with our stakeholders, we will provide an improved understanding of the diverse values of European pollinators, and develop and test new approaches using multiple interventions to benefit pollinators, from field to landscape scales across agricultural, natural, and urban systems. We will co-develop with stakeholders an integrated assessment framework and tools that incorporate multiple types of evidence to address pollinator declines and direct mitigation strategies at the local, national, and EU levels. Safeguard will use the significant advance in knowledge to inform national, European, and global policies and decision-making. Finally, Safeguard will increase awareness of wild pollinators and their societal values with the public, policy makers, scientists, industry, and NGOs, to mobilise concerted multiple actions towards reversing pollinator declines across Europe.

Keywords: wild pollinators,pollination,biodiversity,ecosystem services,global change ecdology,natural capital,risk assessment,environmental policy
Storage and Eruption of Mushy Magma Systems (STEMMS)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Consolidator grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Earth system science
Panel description: Physical geography, geology, geophysics, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, climatology, cryology, ecology, global environmental change, biogeochemical cycles, natural resources management
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call: ERC Consolidator Grant (ERC-2019-COG, 2019)
Start date: 2020-10-01
End date: 2025-09-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1968006.0
EU funding (EUR): 1968006.0
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

Volcanic eruptions are a major natural hazard, affecting life, health and financial stability globally, with >800m people living within 100km of an active volcano. Large explosive eruptions can be devastating, causing tens of thousands of fatalities. Forecasting eruptive activity is the ‘grand challenge’ of volcanology, but large eruptions are rare, so our ability to link geophysical observations of surface unrest to magma movements below the surface remains poor. There are two key questions: (1) how are large volumes of magma accumulated within the Earth’s crust? and (2) how are they subsequently mobilised for eruption? Magma is stored as crystal mush (a dense mixture of volcanic crystals and melt), that is too stiff to move and erupt. Understanding what controls its structure, and the mechanisms by which the mush can be released as eruptible magma, is therefore critical to identifying precursory signs of volcanic unrest. STEMMS introduces a transformative approach to the problem of magma storage and mobilisation prior to large volcanic eruptions, recognising that the micro-scale structure of a mush is fundamental to its subsequent macro-scale physical behaviour. The project brings together two new concepts: (1) The primary growth conditions of a mush control its grain-scale textures – there is a critical link between magma crystallisation history and its subsequent physical behaviour. (2) A mush can be remobilised simply by growth of gas bubbles, with no external source of heat or eruption trigger – the timing of volatile saturation is key. Thus, the way a mush is assembled critically determines its readiness to be erupted later. Together, these concepts will frame a new paradigm to define how mushy materials are mobilised before large volcanic eruptions. STEMMS will develop a new framework to interrogate the chain of events prior to large eruptions, which will change practices in the volcanology community and, ultimately, lead to improved eruption forecasting.

Keywords: crystal textures,volatiles,volatile saturation,mush remobilisation,eruption forecasting
Modern Bigness : Challenges for European Competition Law (MOBI)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Panel description: Political science, international relations, law
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call: ERC Starting Grant (ERC-2019-STG, 2019)
Start date: 2020-01-01
End date: 2024-12-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1477657.0
EU funding (EUR): 1477657.0
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

The influence of large tech-companies in society is undeniable. The emergence and development of the digital economy marks a paradigm-shift towards a more connected and fluid ‘platform society’. New challenges stem from rapid technological developments, the combination of economic and digital power, and arise from a combination of unprecedented data-collection and the indispensability of pivotal platforms for both market-participants and citizens. This impacts both markets and democracy. Even though the challenges are urgent, law struggles to find answers. This is true also for European competition law, which aims to combat the negative effects of market power. However, as is hypothesized here, powerful tech-companies give rise to a new type of power: ‘Modern Bigness’. It impacts both market values and non-market values, such as freedom and democracy. The MOBI project investigates whether European competition law can and should tackle the challenges of Modern Bigness, arising from the digital economy. It will first develop an original theory of ‘Modern Bigness’. A case study on hypernudging digital platform-users and autonomy, and a case study on access to platforms by using the essential facilities-doctrine or public utility theory will highlight the entwinedness of market and non-market impacts, while a third study evaluates whether the power of Modern Bigness itself could be under threat by the disruptive impact of blockchain-technology. The overarching research question is answered by considering the response to the question whether European competition should tackle the multifaceted challenges of Modern Bigness within a normative framework building upon European constitutional theory and the nascent field of technology regulation. The project fundamentally reconsiders the nature and boundaries of European competition law in relation to digital developments. Ultimately, it is driven by the desire to protect fundamental societal, market and non-market values.

Keywords: european competition law,digital economy,technology regulation
European Training Network on PErsonalized Robotics as SErvice Oriented applications (PERSEO)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Innovative Training Networks (ITN)-European Training Networks
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Information Science and Engineering
Countries involved: Austria,Germany,Germany,Italy,Italy,Spain,Italy,Netherlands,United Kingdom,United Kingdom,United Kingdom
Call: Innovative Training Networks (H2020-MSCA-ITN-2020, 2020)
Start date: 2021-01-01
End date: 2024-12-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 4067849.97
EU funding (EUR): 4067849.9699999997
Participants: 12
Project status: SIGNED

The ETN on PErsonalized Robotics as SErvice Oriented applications - PERSEO - aims at training a new generation of research and professional figures able to face the research challenges of the market of personal robots. The personal robotics domain presents several research challenges mainly related to the need for a high degree of personalization of the robot behaviour with respect to the specific user’s needs and preferences. Companies need to build solutions rooted in a deeper analysis of humans’ specificities before developing products for people. At the same time, academia needs to nurture the development of an extended research community with a set of interdisciplinary skills to investigate different robot’s capabilities for understanding and modelling the interaction with human beings, for adapting the robot’s behaviour to the context, and software integration mechanisms that allow an easy personalized configuration approach to limit the static and costly customization processes of a novel robotic system. The PERSEO’s research program is organized into three Research Themes aimed at investigating personalization of robot capabilities at different levels of possible human-robot interaction, namely “Physical”, “Cognitive”, and “Social”. This requires a set of research skills ranging from computer science and AI to automation, ethics, and psychology. Fellows will deepen their knowledge in projects covering a specific research theme but, through training events, secondments, and peer collaborations will gain extensive knowledge in other areas so leading to a multidisciplinary research programme and the integration with other projects to achieve the proposed Integration Milestones. The project also aims at training Early Stage Researchers to address social, legal, and ethical issues that arise by the uptake of personal robots, as such skills are fundamental to achieve technological innovation which aligns with European social, ethical al legal values.

Keywords: human robot interaction,personal robots,cloud and service robotics
ELECTROMAGNETIC TIME REVERSAL FOR ON-LINE PARTIAL DISCHARGE LOCATION IN TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS (emiT)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Information Science and Engineering
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2018, 2018)
Start date: 2019-06-01
End date: 2021-11-29
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 212933.76
EU funding (EUR): 212933.76
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Energy is crucial for the developing World and must be provided when needed to avoid serious impact on society. Among all energy forms, electricity has an increasingly central role. Electricity security is the power system's capability to withstand disturbances or contingencies with an acceptable service disruption and represents a crucial concern for policy decision making at all levels. Usually, service disruption is due to cables insulation damage, often caused by or accompanied by partial discharge (PD) event that is a localized electrical discharge that partially bridges the insulation between conductors. Since PD is one of the best early-warning indicators of insulation damage, the on-line PD location is the most suitable method to monitor network integrity and a desirable network protection method to guarantee electricity security. The project’s main objective is to develop a new method for on-line PD location based on the innovative electromagnetic time reversal (EMTR) theory. It focuses on three specific objectives:To develop a numerical test bench to study PD on networks, through a training on computational electromagnetics (CEM).To design the new method, studying EMTR theory through a secondment under the supervision of the theoretician of EMTR theory for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) field application. To experimentally validate the method, through a secondment at the industrial partner, expert in on-line PD condition monitoring. The project, characterized by strong interdisciplinarity and mobility in a European context, will widen the fellow skills with new experience giving her the possibility to reach an independent position of research leadership. She has significant experience in the EMC field that will be enhanced studying CEM techniques and EMTR theory, both at theoretical level, working with the high-level researchers’ staff of Host Institution and Academic partner, and at experimental level through the secondment at the industrial partner