Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Angiogenic growth, specialization, ageing and regeneration of bone vessels (ANGIOBONE)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Cellular and Developmental Biology
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-02-01
End date: 2019-01-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2478750.4
EU funding (EUR): 2478750.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The skeleton and the sinusoidal vasculature form a functional unit with great relevance in health, regeneration, and disease. Currently, fundamental aspects of sinusoidal vessel growth, specialization, arteriovenous organization and the consequences for tissue perfusion, or the changes occurring during ageing remain unknown. Our preliminary data indicate that key principles of bone vascularization and the role of molecular regulators are highly distinct from other organs. I therefore propose to use powerful combination of mouse genetics, fate mapping, transcriptional profiling, computational biology, confocal and two-photon microscopy, micro-CT and PET imaging, biochemistry and cell biology to characterize the growth, differentiation, dynamics, and ageing of the bone vasculature. In addition to established angiogenic pathways, the role of highly promising novel candidate regulators will be investigated in endothelial cells and perivascular osteoprogenitors with sophisticated inducible and cell type-specific genetic methods in the mouse. Complementing these powerful in vivo approaches, 3D co-cultures generated by cell printing technologies will provide insight into the communication between different cell types. The dynamics of sinusoidal vessel growth and regeneration will be monitored by two-photon imaging in the skull. Finally, I will explore the architectural, cellular and molecular changes and the role of capillary endothelial subpopulations in the sinusoidal vasculature of ageing and osteoporotic mice. Technological advancements, such as new transgenic strains, mutant models or cell printing approaches, are important aspects of this proposal. AngioBone will provide a first conceptual framework for normal and deregulated function of the bone sinusoidal vasculature. It will also break new ground by analyzing the role of blood vessels in ageing and identifying novel strategies for tissue engineering and, potentially, the prevention/treatment of osteoporosis.

Keywords: endothelial cells,angiogenesis,sinusoidal vessels,tissue morphogenesis,patterning
Cavitation across scales: following Bubbles from Inception to Collapse (BIC)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Products and process engineering
Countries involved: Italy
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-02-01
End date: 2019-01-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2491200.0
EU funding (EUR): 2491200.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Cavitation is the formation of vapor cavities inside a liquid due to low pressure. Cavitation is an ubiquitous and destructive phenomenon common to most engineering applications that deal with flowing water. At the same time, the extreme conditions realized in cavitation are increasingly exploited in medicine, chemistry, and biology. What makes cavitation unpredictable is its multiscale nature: nucleation of vapor bubbles heavily depends on micro- and nanoscale details; mesoscale phenomena, as bubble collapse, determine relevant macroscopic effects, e.g., cavitation damage. In addition, macroscopic flow conditions, such as turbulence, have a major impact on it. The objective of the BIC project is to develop the lacking multiscale description of cavitation, by proposing new integrated numerical methods capable to perform quantitative predictions. The detailed and physically sound understanding of the multifaceted phenomena involved in cavitation (nucleation, bubble growth, transport, and collapse in turbulent flows) fostered by BIC project will result in new methods for designing fluid machinery, but also therapies in ultrasound medicine and chemical reactors. The BIC project builds upon the exceptionally broad experience of the PI and of his research group in numerical simulations of flows at different scales that include advanced atomistic simulations of nanoscale wetting phenomena, mesoscale models for multiphase flows, and particle-laden turbulent flows. The envisaged numerical methodologies (free-energy atomistic simulations, phase-field models, and Direct Numerical Simulation of bubble-laden flows) will be supported by targeted experimental activities, designed to validate models and characterize realistic conditions.
Going from Hand to Hand – Networks of Intellectual Exchange in the Tamil Learned Traditions (NETAMIL)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Cultures and cultural production
Countries involved: Germany,France
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-03-01
End date: 2019-08-31
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2498000.0
EU funding (EUR): 2498000.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

Classical Tamil can lay claim to being the oldest poetic tradition on the Indian sub-continent after Sanskrit. Its literature may have been committed to writing for the first time around the 6th century, with oral predecessors that reach back at least to the beginning of the Common Era. For a good thousand years, poetic anthologies of love and war and the theoretical treatises describing the poetic conventions they follow have been accompanied by a huge variety of exegetical materials, culminating in a number of great medieval commentaries. However, the palm-leaf manuscripts at our disposal are at best some three-hundred years old, the paper manuscripts for the most part younger still. While printed editions as a rule come with a unified commentary, manuscripts exhibit an often bewildering variety of additions, ranging from occasional glosses and supplementary information in prose and verse to amplified commentaries. This wealth of primary material is yielding inexorably to the ravages of a sub-tropical climate, for the most part not even properly catalogued. With each crumbling leaf, our chance diminishes of arriving at an understanding that goes beyond the thin but strident official version of how the Tamil intellectual universe was construed, how it interacted with other parts of the Indian world, how it participated in the trans-regional dialogues, but also how it filtered down locally to reach smaller communities and private libraries. Ten years of digitisation on the part of the EFEO Pondicherry have brought together the most important testimonies. The areas on which the international team will work include codicology, digitisation, collation, text-critical analysis and cultural history. The goal is to reconstruct the processes of interaction and transmission that took place prior to the putative ‘Tamil renaissance’ of the 19th century – nothing less than a wholesale revision of the pre-print history of one of the great ancient literatures of mankind.

Keywords: tamil,manuscripts
Bridging the gap between cellular imaging and fMRI BOLD imaging (IMAGING-INTHE-MAGNET)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Neurosciences and neural disorders
Countries involved: France
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-02-01
End date: 2020-01-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2483241.0
EU funding (EUR): 2483241.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

In the brain, blood flow increases locally upon neuronal activation, a response named functional hyperemia. The extent to which functional hyperemia faithfully reports brain activation, spatially or temporally, remains a matter of debate. Solving this question is important, not only because functional hyperemia supplies energy and clears metabolites from activated brain regions, but also because it is used as a proxy to measure brain activation in humans. In particular, the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal, which is now commonly used for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), strongly depends on functional hyperemia. Using a combination of standard two-photon imaging and a new one-photon optical development allowing cellular resolution imaging within a fMRI magnet, I will investigate the cellular mechanisms underlying neurovascular coupling and oxygen consumption in the rodent olfactory bulb glomerulus. I will analyze the extent to which these cellular mechanisms are correlated to the BOLD signal, simultaneously acquired during sensory stimulation. The project will focus on the following issues: A. Functional hyperemia: role of neurons and astrocytes How does functional hyperemia depend on neurons and astrocytes during sensory stimulation? How does it differ in anesthetized and awake animals? B. Oxygen consumption during response to odor How does the brain’s oxygen partial pressure match neuronal activation and functional hyperemia? How does it differ in anesthetized and awake animals? C. Simultaneous measurements of fMRI BOLD signals, red blood cell flow and cellular responses to odor What is the spatial and temporal overlap between the fMRI BOLD signal and i) functional hyperemia at the capillary level, ii) neuron and astrocyte activation and iii) oxygen consumption?

Keywords: fmri,two-photon imaging
Rigidity and global deformations in dynamics (RGDD)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Mathematical foundations
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-03-01
End date: 2020-02-29
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2228829.0
EU funding (EUR): 2228829.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Proposal Summary: While there have been tremendous advances in one-dimensional dynamics, higher-dimensional systems are far less well understood. This novel programme of work will take paradigms from one-dimensional dynamics to apply to the higher-dimensional case. In so doing, it will answer a number of long-standing questions of major significance and open up the field for sustained future investigation. The current emphasis on conformal (complex-analytic) techniques will be supplemented in the higher-dimensional setting by drawing on a combination of techniques from dynamics, geometry and analysis. • Take observations generated by a (possibly chaotic) dynamical system. Do their averages converge? Outcome A will show that for ‘typical’ one-dimensional systems this is indeed the case. This will solve a famous conjecture of Palis and that such maps are stochastically stable. • Outcome B will rule out certain pathologies in higher-dimensional systems with sufficient regularity. To do this, I will use the one-dimensional paradigm of rigidity associated to smoothness and build on work in progress to deal with the higher dimensionality. • Specifically, Poincare ́ asked whether recurrent orbits can be shadowed by periodic orbits for a system with nearby parameters. Outcome C will answer his question in a particular setting, using the one- dimensional paradigm of global deformations and higher-dimensional techniques. • Outcome D will give insight into dynamical systems associated to learning models in economics and game theory – concentrating on models that are either piecewise-affine, have time averages which are essentially piecewise affine, or can be viewed as stochastically perturbed systems. Systems associated to random graphs and coupled networks will also be investigated. The mathematical methods in these objectives are interlinked, and straddle pure and applied dynamics. This combined approach will greatly re-energise the field.
Mitochondrial translational regulation coupled to respiratory chain assembly and protein import (MITRAC)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Molecular and Structural Biology and Biochemistry
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-02-01
End date: 2019-01-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2283816.96
EU funding (EUR): 2283816.96
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes assemble from nuclear- and mitochondria-encoded subunits in the inner membrane. To protect cells from accumulating unassembled subunits in the membrane, ROS generation, or damage of mitochondrial integrity, regulatory mechanisms to balance and control the fidelity of the assembly process have evolved, encorporating a retention system enabling the preservation of a select few founding complexes for on-demand assembly. In yeast mitochondria, a feedback mechanism has been identified for the cytochrome oxidase in which assembly-intermediates specifically inactivate translation of the core subunit Cox1. It is controversially debated if similar translation regulating mechanisms exist in human mitochondria. However, our recent findings show that in human mitochondria assembly intermediates of respiratory chain complexes affect translation, nevertheless the underlying sensing and signalling mechanisms as well as the protein components appear to be more complex than in yeast. We aim to understand how this regulatory cycle is established; how does a distinct assembly intermediate of cytochrome oxidase signal the translation system, and how the influx of imported subunits contributes to this process. These goals are conceptually deeply rooted in a comprehensive understanding of the membrane protein complex assembly process and the factors that promote its progression. These objectives are of key importance for understanding the molecular pathology of mitochondrial encephalomyopathies that are frequently due to respiratory chain assembly and quality control malfunction. The aim of our analyses is to provide insight as to how translation can be coupled to the assembly of a membrane protein complex comprised of subunits of dual genetic origin and to decipher mitochondrial translational regulation coupling to the influx of imported nuclear encoded subunits.

Keywords: mitochondria,translational regulation,cytochrome oxidase assembly,rare disease,protein transport
Monetary Policy and Asset Price Bubbles (BUBPOL)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Individuals, institutions and markets
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-01-01
End date: 2017-12-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 799200.0
EU funding (EUR): 799200.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The proposed research project seeks to further our understanding on two important questions for the design of monetary policy: (a) What are the effects of monetary policy interventions on asset price bubbles? (b) How should monetary policy be conducted in the presence of asset price bubbles? The first part of the project will focus on the development of a theoretical framework that can be used to analyze rigorously the implications of alternative monetary policy rules in the presence of asset price bubbles, and to characterize the optimal monetary policy. In particular, I plan to use such a framework to assess the merits of a “leaning against the wind” strategy, which calls for a systematic rise in interest rates in response to the development of a bubble. The second part of the project will seek to produce evidence, both empirical and experimental, regarding the effects of monetary policy on asset price bubbles. The empirical evidence will seek to identify and estimate the sign and response of asset price bubbles to interest rate changes, exploiting the potential differences in the joint behavior of interest rates and asset prices during “bubbly” episodes, in comparison to “normal” times. In addition, I plan to conduct some lab experiments in order to shed some light on the link between monetary policy and bubbles. Participants will trade two assets, a one-period riskless asset and a long-lived stock, in an environment consistent with the existence of asset price bubbles in equilibrium. Monetary policy interventions will take the form of changes in the short-term interest rate, engineered by the experimenter. The experiments will allow us to evaluate some of the predictions of the theoretical models regarding the impact of monetary policy on the dynamics of bubbles, as well as the effectiveness of “leaning against the wind” policies.

Keywords: monetary policy design,stabilization policies,leaning against the wind policies.
Online Humanities Scholarship: A Digital Medical Library based on Ancient Texts (DIGMEDTEXT)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Cultures and cultural production
Countries involved: Italy
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-01-01
End date: 2016-12-31
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 654836.0
EU funding (EUR): 654836.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The project aims at providing electronic editions of ancient medical sources including texts, translations, commentary, metadata, and images of papyri, ostraca, and tablets. Greek medical papyri and related artifacts recovered in Egypt are a veritable treasure trove of information on crucial and otherwise poorly attested phases in the development of ancient Greek medicine, its penetration into regions of the Mediterranean world and its transformation through interaction with local medical traditions — a medicine that Romans spread throughout western Europe. The interdisciplinary approach makes possible cooperative interaction among classicists, information technicians, ancient historians, and especially historians of medicine. The goal is to make both texts and metadata accessible via a single interface and to publish texts online, combining philological rigour with technological flexibility, bibliographic control, and a critical apparatus for each text. Openness and dynamism will characterise our searchable database: it is not to be a synthesis of fixed data, but rather a constantly changing repertory of sources monitored by the scholarly community and maintained by those who wish to participate at a professional level. It will extend the Duke Data Bank, taking the latter in new directions by uniting documentary and literary papyri into a common technological framework — SoSOL within Digital Papyrology. The central feature is interaction by the worldwide community of coopted participants manipulating electronic means to produce new editions of previously unknown literary and paraliterary texts of medical content, as well as to improve existing editions. The Medical Library will share space with a dictionary of technical terms attested in the papyri that likewise survive into modern scientific discourse. The entire community of papyrologists, ancient historians, historians of science, philologists, and digital humanists will share in the results.

Keywords: digital library,medical papyri,medical glossary. ancient medicine,interdisciplinar database
The genomic architecture of speciation in tropical butterflies (SPECIATIONGENETICS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Evolutionary, population and environmental biology
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-06-01
End date: 2020-05-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2499988.0
EU funding (EUR): 2499988.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

These are exciting times for speciation research with a wealth of recent theoretical and empirical advances, but there is much we still do not understand. The Heliconius butterflies offer an excellent opportunity to gain novel insights into the genetic architecture of speciation and its genomic consequences, by integrating genomic data with the well-studied ecological and behavioural processes that underlie speciation in this group. Here I will bring together two lines of recent research in speciation, a) the evolution of genetic architectures, such as clustering of barrier genes, that facilitate divergence in the face of gene flow and b) the genomic patterns of divergence. First, I will apply large-scale whole genome resequencing to study divergence and gene flow between species, and test whether speciation proceeds through divergence of gradually expanding genomic islands under divergent selection. I will also develop novel theory to interpret these patterns. Second, I will test whether loci controlling behavioural and ecological traits that cause reproductive isolation are clustered in the genome, using a genome-wide quantitative trait analysis of reproductive isolation in two hybridizing species pairs. Third, I will investigate the role of chromosomal rearrangements in reducing between-species recombination rate where species hybridize, and directly study their influence on recombination rate. Overall, the project will integrate information on the distribution of genes controlling ecological, behavioural and genetic differences between species with patterns of recombination, in order to understand the process of genome divergence and adaptive radiation. This work will offer new insights into speciation, a process fundamental to evolution and biodiversity, but also has wider implications for our understanding of the processes that drive genome evolution.