Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Changing Attitudes towards Judicial Violence in the Italian Communes, ca. 1260-1360 (J-ViC)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Social Sciences and Humanities
Countries involved: Italy
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2020, 2020)
Start date: 2021-10-01
End date: 2023-09-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 171473.28
EU funding (EUR): 171473.28
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Public opinion has often had a strong influence in setting the boundaries of judicial violence in Europe. This project consists of a detailed analysis of secular and religious attitudes towards judicial violence in the period ca. 1260-1360, through the case-studies of the well-documented communes of Florence and Siena. Western Europe underwent in this period substantial penal reforms, ultimately making greater use of corporal punishment. At the same time, there were also changes in religious attitudes towards this phenomenon: the first confraternities devoted to the spiritual assistance of criminals condemned to death were founded in the 14th century. The political and religious reasons for these changes, their detailed chronology and the attitudes of different social segments towards them have not yet been thoroughly researched. This project aims to do so by combining the study of theories and practices of criminal justice of secular and religious origin and the history of emotions. It will advance our knowledge of medieval society and provide insight for understanding comparable contemporary phenomena, by producing as its outputs a monograph, preparatory articles, a series of podcasts and a briefing document on the role of public opinion in the increase/decrease of judicial violence throughout history. In this way, the proposed project will enhance the fellow's career perspectives both in and outside academia, and it will strengthen the links between research in the Humanities and public policy.

Keywords: italian communes,criminal justice,violence,religion,tuscany,death penalty,history of emotions,legal history,medieval religious orders
Main goal of the project is to create a prototype of the software, which will be able to identify people just based on the way how they walk. (Gait Biometrics 3)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Industrial Leadership
Programme: Information and Communication Technologies
Action type: SME instrument
Countries involved: Czechia
Call: Open Disruptive Innovation Scheme (implemented through the SME instrument) (H2020-SMEINST-1-2014, 2014)
Start date: 2015-02-01
End date: 2015-07-31
Duration (months): 6.0
Total project cost (EUR): 71429.0
EU funding (EUR): 50000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The use of gait analysis in biometrics has caught attention all over the world due to many advantages over the currently used solutions for people recognition. However, an operational automated gait recognition system does not yet exist. The main goal of the project is to commercialize novel biometric solution for highly reliable identification of people based on the characteristics of their walk. The idea is based on our long-term cooperation with Professor Jiri Straus, distinguished expert in criminalistics and forensic biomechanics, who is a member of European Academy of Forensic Science and has more than 20 year experience in human gait analysis. According to the research in this area, people could be uniquely identified based on the characteristics of their walk, even if they try to cheat it. Recent studies mention very promising conclusions regarding this method and the most optimistic one estimates the recognition rate to be about 90%. Based on our internal research we have conducted in the last two years, we are fully convinced that we can reach even better results. The expected outcome of the project is fully developed product for commercial application in both governmental and business sector. It will be used in criminalistics, security departments of banks, shopping malls and other publicly accessed places where recognition of people is important from the security or from client service prospective. The competitive advantage of our solution lies in unique combination of different gait characteristics which results in recognition rate of almost 100% and simplicity of the solution which extends possibilities of places where the system can be installed. It is an industry-driven project whose outcomes will strengthen our position in computer vision technology market. The Phase 1 of the SME instrument will allow us to analyse commercial potential and technical feasibility of the solution, which we have already validated in a small scale with positive results.

Keywords: gait biometrics
How single DNA polymerases make decisions during proofreading (DNA Pol III)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Life Sciences
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call: Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships (IF-EF) (H2020-MSCA-IF-2015, 2015)
Start date: 2016-04-01
End date: 2018-06-13
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 183454.8
EU funding (EUR): 183454.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

DNA polymerases (DNA Pols) make various decisions during DNA replication. Decisions regarding nucleotide selection, lesion bypass and how to respond to replication errors are a few important examples. During replication, DNA Pols can synthesize DNA at remarkable rates, e.g. 1,000 bp/s for E. Coli DNA Pol III. However, errors can be introduced during replication, resulting in a terminal DNA mismatch. Mismatches can then be sensed and removed by action of the 3’ to 5’ exonuclease activity of the DNA Pol. How DNA Pols can sense mismatches to initiate proofreading and how the primer strand migrates into the exonuclease domain, often a distance of 30 Å, is the focus of this proposal. Moreover, this research aims to understand mechanisms of proofreading in higher complexity DNA Pol assemblies at single-molecule resolution. Proofreading will be studied with the model enzyme E. Coli DNA Pol III, consisting of separate protein subunits that assemble to form a higher order complex, namely the polymerase, exonuclease and the β2-clamp, which is a processivity factor that encircles the DNA and increases the affinity of the polymerase to the DNA. The proposed work will employ single-molecule FRET in order to evaluate proofreading dynamics at high spatial and temporal resolution. Three main objectives will be performed in order to understand (1) how DNA mismatches initiate proofreading (2) how mutations within the exonuclease domain affect proofreading and (3) how DNA lesions can influence proofreading as a function of position within the DNA template. These objectives will be achieved with a single-molecule FRET assay containing fluorescently labelled DNA to monitor proofreading dynamics in real time. This work will shift the knowledge frontier by advancing our understanding of proofreading during DNA replication in order to better realise the relationship between DNA mutations and the development of human diseases like cancer.

Keywords: dna polymerase,dna replication,dna proofreading,single molecule imaging,fluorescence resonance energy transfer
The Time is Now: Understanding Social Network Dynamics Using Relational Event Histories (TIMEISNOW)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: The Social World and Its Diversity
Panel description: Sociology, social psychology, social anthropology, education sciences, communication studies
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call: ERC Starting Grant (ERC-2017-STG, 2017)
Start date: 2018-02-01
End date: 2024-01-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1499854.0
EU funding (EUR): 1499854.0
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

Relational event history data are becoming increasingly available due to new technical developments. These data contain detailed information about who interacted with whom in a network and when. For example, employees wear sociometric badges storing time-stamped interactions between colleagues, classrooms are monitored to observe interactions between teachers and students, and police databases store violent interactions between criminal gangs in city districts. This new type of data has the potential to greatly contribute to our understanding of dynamic social networks by providing new insights about speed, rhythm, duration, and lag in social interactions. However a crucial problem is that statistical tools for analyzing such data are currently underdeveloped. We are therefore unable to exploit this treasure of information, resulting in a limited understanding about the evolution of social relations in continuous time. I will undertake the following actions to resolve this fundamental shortcoming. First, I will develop an innovative Bayesian statistical framework for the analysis of relational event histories by building upon the novel relational event model, which has great potential but is in a preliminary stage of development. Second, I will implement the new framework in free and user-friendly software to ensure general utilization among social scientists. Third, in collaboration with network experts in organizational sociology, sociology of education, and criminology, I will develop tailor-made extensions for dynamic social processes in important applications. In sum, this project will yield a groundbreaking new methodology for testing and building theories on time-sensitive processes in social networks. It will allow us to research, among others, how fast integration occurs among teams with workers from different cultures, how long it takes to develop respect in the classroom, and when violent interactions between criminal gangs will occur in the near future.
Catholyte-free flow cell enables high efficiency electroreduction of CO2 to C2 fuels (CF-CO2R)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Chemistry
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2018, 2018)
Start date: 2019-06-15
End date: 2021-06-14
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 191149.44
EU funding (EUR): 191149.44
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

In the light of rising levels of atmospheric CO2 and associated climate change, the development of advanced techniques for CO2 conversion is of foremost importance. Particularly, many efforts have been made recently to synthesize efficient electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction to carbon fuels using renewable electricity. Nevertheless, to meet the requirement of industrial implementation, even the best performance of these recently developed electrocatalysts must be increased by one order of magnitude. Currently, energy efficiency of CO2 electroreduction is limited by energy-loss in catholyte and transport of CO2 to the cathode surface. The importance of transport limitations will grow as currents approach the higher levels required for industry. The vision for this work is the design of an efficient catholyte-free electrode structure and reactor, in combination with state-of-the-art photovoltaic, that can provide for the industry-ready artificial photosynthesis of carbon fuels. To achieve this goal, we will be dedicated to develop a membrane electrode assembly cell with the design of a catholyte-free flow-through-porous electrode which will allow the incorporation of newly types of nanostructured electrocatalysts and efficient CO2 transfer and conversion into specific carbon fuels such as ethylene or ethanol. Particularly, the proposed research aims include: (i) Development of efficient electrocatalysts that allow the formation of ideal products (ethylene/ethanol); (ii) Enhancement of electrocatalytic activity and stability via system engineering; (iii) Understanding the fundamentals of CO2 electroreduction and cell mechanics to accelerate the development of catholyte-free flow-through-porous electrode for the design of a scalable, high-performance CO2 electroconversion cell through both experiments and theoretical modeling; (iv) Achieving the scalable solar fuels production with CO2 reduction and photovoltaic in tandem.

Keywords: co2 electroreduction,solar fuels,flow cell,mass transport,catholyte free
Innovative Refining Process for Valorization of Vegetable Oil Deodorizer Distillates (IRODDI)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Societal Challenges
Programme: Food security, sustainable agriculture and forestry, marine and maritime and inland water research and the bioeconomy
Theme: Public-private partnerships
Destination: Bio-based Industries
Action type: Research and Innovation actions
Partnership: BBI (Art-187)
Countries involved: Germany,Germany,Spain,Germany,Spain,Spain,Spain,France,Netherlands,Netherlands
Call: Convert plant oils and fats into safe high-added-value products for various applications including food and personal care (H2020-BBI-JTI-2019, 2019)
Start date: 2020-09-01
End date: 2023-08-31
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 3567827.5
EU funding (EUR): 3025626.25
Participants: 11
Project status: SIGNED

IRODDI is an ambitious initiative that proposes the development of new greener processes for obtaining new bio-based products with specific properties/functionalities derived from the Free Fatty Acids (FFAs) contained in the deodorizer distillates residual streams of the deodorization process, the last step of the refining process of oils and fats. These newly obtained products will suppose an high added value for FFAs valorization in comparison to their conventional biodiesel application, as they will be used as (1) bio-compatible and eco-friendly surfactants with increased solubility in cold water (by chemical neutralization of FFAs with eco-friendly ILs), (2) biodegradable base-oils that can be directly used in the formulation of bio-lubricants (by enzymatic esterification of FFAs with glycerol) and (3) sustainable polyols for polyurethanes production (by chemical co-valorization of the base-oils obtained in the enzymatic processes of FFAs esterification). Moreover, in order to achieve the maximally possible added value of the deodorization distillates side streams, innovative technologies based on supercritical CO2 (scCO2) and ionic liquids extraction will be developed to isolate minor compounds with a high added-value under softer operational conditions, that will their high quality. One advantage of the IRODDI project is that the technologies developed could be applied individually or in an integrated process to maximize profits of deodorization distillates valorization. The outcomes of the project will be focused on the demonstration of the applicability of these components in different industrial sectors: food-grade detergents (surfactants), bio-lubricants (base-oils), adhesives (polyols), and cosmetics (minor compounds such as squalene).

Keywords: vegetable oils,fats refining subproduct,deodorizer distillate,ionic liquid,enzyme,supercritical co2,tocopherol,squalene,surfactant,bio lubricant,adhesive
The NEO Rapid Observation, Characterization and Key Simulations (NEOROCKS)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Industrial Leadership
Programme: Space
Theme: Enabling European competitiveness, non-dependence and innovation of the European space sector
Action type: Research and Innovation actions
Countries involved: Italy,Spain,Spain,Spain,Italy,Italy,Italy,Romania,Poland,France,France,Czechia,United Kingdom
Call: Advanced research in Near Earth Objects (NEOs) and new payload technologies for planetary defence (H2020-SPACE-2019, 2019)
Start date: 2020-01-01
End date: 2023-06-30
Duration (months): 42.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2114725.0
EU funding (EUR): 2071975.0
Participants: 14
Project status: SIGNED

NEOROCKS improves knowledge on physical characterization of Near Earth Objects (NEOs) for planetary defense. NEOROCKS connects expertise in performing small body astronomical observations and the related modelling needed to derive their dynamical and physical properties, to the pragmatic planetary defense approach, which aims to provide operational loops and information systems to protect citizens and ground infrastructures from potential threats. The challenge for physical characterization is to keep up with the increasing NEO discovery rate. The challenge for planetary defense is to keep up with the trend of NEO discoveries dominated by small-size objects near the Earth, capable to produce damage in case of impact. Among them, are “imminent impactors” with short warning times. NEOROCKS proposes an innovative approach, focused on: a) a team of expert astronomers with access to large aperture telescopes equipped with state of the art instrumentation; b) investigating the relationship between orbit determination of newly discovered objects and quick execution of follow-up observations, to provide SW technologies to face imminent impactors threats; c) profiting from European industrial expertise on Space Situational Awareness (SSA) to plan and execute breakthrough experiments on remote tasking of highly automatized robotic telescopes for rapid response; d) extremely high standards in data dissemination, thus scaling up results to global level and exploiting results (through ASI Space Science Data Centre). NEOROCKS will optimize observational activities, enhance modelling and simulation tasks, foster international coordination and speed-up response times. It will ensure availability of results and public education. It joins top scientists with extensive NEO observation and physical characterization expertise, governmental institutions with access to large infrastructures, industrial partners participating in SSA programs and expertise in outreach and management.

Keywords: planetary defense,physical characterization,discovery rate,imminent impactor,large aperture telescope,orbit determination,follow up observation,automatization,rapid response,data dissemi
European Researchers' Night in Estonia (ERNEst21)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: European researchers' Night
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Countries involved: Estonia,Estonia
Call: European Researchers' Night (H2020-MSCA-NIGHT-2020bis, 2020)
Start date: 2021-05-01
End date: 2022-02-28
Duration (months): 10.0
Total project cost (EUR): 176750.0
EU funding (EUR): 176750.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

European Researchers' Night is a popular and highly anticipated annual event in Estonia and it has been celebrated here since 2005. The main purpose of the European Researchers' Night in Estonia (RNEst) is to highlight the most recent and important accomplishments of researchers and encourage young people to choose careers in research, engineering and STEM-related areas (by introducing these professions through numerous entertaining hands-on activities). The main topics of the RNEst21 events will be drawn under the theme of 'Food For Thought' which allows focusing on various disciplines (such as engineering, chemistry, biology, sociology, history or psychology). Events of the European Researchers' Night in Estonia cover the whole country with science-related, fun and engaging events offering a colourful programme for various target groups (including families, students, young adults and seniors) in almost every county in the country. RNEst21 activities allow the public at large to meet researchers, to have discussions with them, ask questions and find out what they do for society. Events include hands-on experiments, science theatre shows, learning activities for children, guided visits in research labs and facilities, science quizzes, TV and radio programmes, stand up science shows and more. Also, pre-events such as preparing researchers for engaging with the public (e.g. summer schools) will be organized. Estonia has celebrated European Researchers' Night for 15 years and each year more than 200 scientists are involved with the events that take place in almost every county of the country. Each year around 60 schools and 80 other educational institutions open their doors and offer programmes for science enthusiasts and the public at large. To stress the importance of collaboration in the pan-European Researchers' Night, joint events are going to take place in cooperation with other Researchers' Night organisers from across Europe.
GENEtic DiSsection of Innate Immune Sensing and Signalling (GENESIS)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Consolidator grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy
Panel description: The immune system, related disorders and their mechanisms, biology of infectious agents and infection, biological basis of prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, innovative immunological tools and approaches, including therapies
Countries involved: Germany
Call: ERC Consolidator Grant (ERC-2014-CoG, 2014)
Start date: 2015-10-01
End date: 2020-09-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1970000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1970000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

In vertebrates, a receptor-based, innate sensing machinery is used to detect the presence of microbederived molecules or the perturbation microbial infection causes within the host. In the context of viral infection, non-self nucleic acids are sensed by a set of intracellular receptors that upon activation initiate broad antiviral effector responses to eliminate the imminent threat. Over the past years our understanding of these processes has considerably grown, mainly by employing murine knockout models. Recent advances in genome engineering now provide the opportunity to knockout genes or even to perform functional genetic screens in human cells, providing a powerful means to validate and generate hypotheses. We have developed a high-throughput genome targeting and validation platform that allows us to tackle large-scale loss-of-function studies both at a polyclonal as well as an arrayed format. In addition, we have invested considerable efforts to render this technology applicable to study innate immune sensing and signalling pathways in the human system. GENESIS will combine these efforts to tackle pertinent questions in this field that could not have been addressed before: We will systematically dissect known nucleic acid sensing pathways in the human system to explore their unique roles, cooperativity or redundancy in detecting non-self nucleic acids. We will perform polyclonal, genome-wide loss-of-function screens to elucidate signalling events downstream of intracellular DNA and RNA sensing pathways and their roles in orchestrating antiviral effector mechanisms. Moreover, in a large-scale perturbation study, we will specifically address the role of the kinome in antiviral innate immune signalling pathways, exploring the role of its individual members and their epistatic relationships in orchestrating gene expression. Altogether, these studies will allow us to obtain insight into innate immune signalling pathways at unprecedented precision, depth and breadth.

Keywords: genome engineering