Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Construction of a Molecular Crane Based on the Flavoprotein Dodecin (DODECIN)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Physical and Analytical Chemical sciences
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (ERC-2009-StG, 2009)
Start date: 2009-11-01
End date: 2015-10-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The flavoprotein dodecin from the halophilic organism Halobacterium salinarum binds not only native but also artificial flavins with high affinities in their oxidized state. Reduction of the flavins induces the dissociation of the holocomplex into apododecin and free flavin. Based on these unique binding characteristics, a molecular crane shall be developed that is able to pick up and to release molecular objects through a switch of the electric potential. For this purpose, a single flavin has to be linked to the conductive tip of an atomic force microscope via a molecular wire-like subunit (flavin molecular wire AFM tip/electrode). On the basis of such an electrochemically switchable molecular crane, it will be possible to bind and release single molecules of dodecin apoprotein or even larger molecular assemblies attached to apododecin serving as molecular junction. While the construction of a molecular crane for the transport of single molecules is the main goal, the successful realization of this project fundamentally depends on the synthesis and characterization of molecular wire-like subunits, which can be used to attach redox-active proteins to surfaces in an electrochemically switchable state. Thus, functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes or organic p-electron systems will be examined with respect to their ability to serve as molecular wire. Surface modification protocols have to be developed and modified surfaces will be investigated by a combination of atomic force microscopy, surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy, and electrochemical methods. The results of these studies will be of general interest for the construction of molecular switches, devices, and transport systems, and for the development of amperometric biosensors and biofuel cells.

Keywords: electrochemistry nanochemistry analytical chemistry amperometric biosensors and biofuel cells
Aqueous Supramolecular Polymers and Peptide Conjugates in Reversible Systems (ASPIRE)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Materials and Synthesis
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2009-StG, 2009)
Start date: 2009-11-01
End date: 2015-10-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1700000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1700000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Supramolecular polymers are of major interest in the field of self assembly with a promising outlook in areas of viscosity modification, compartmentalized architectures, bio-conjugates and drug-delivery applications. They are dynamic macromolecular materials prepared by simple mixing of relatively small components bearing complementary or self-complementary recognition motifs. A major limitation in the field, however, has been access to synthetic systems capable of undergoing self assembly in an aqueous environment. This research proposal develops well-defined, self-organizing macromolecular structures that will overcome this limitation by focusing on systems that rely on several non-covalent interactions occurring in concert rather than on single interactions alone. The envisioned supramolecular polymers and bio-conjugates are designed as dynamic water-soluble smart materials, whose architectures can be controlled and exhibit reversibility upon exposure to external stimuli such as electrochemical, temperature or pH changes. Molecular recognition events occurring between functional handles on both synthetic and bio-polymers will be investigated in order to control the formation of desired functional architectures through stoichiometrically controlled complexation. Preparation of synthetic core motifs to assemble discrete peptide aggregates such as the dimeric through hexameric oligomers of amyloid-beta(40/42) will lead to structural elucidation and insight into several peptide misfolding pathologies like Alzheimer&apos;s or Parkinson&apos;s disease.

Keywords: aqueous self assembly amyloid-beta aggregates polymer bio-conjugate
Cultural Heritage of Christian Ethiopia: Salvation, Preservation and Research (ETHIO-SPARE)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Cultures and cultural production
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (ERC-2009-StG, 2009)
Start date: 2009-12-01
End date: 2015-05-31
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1746080.0
EU funding (EUR): 1746080.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Ethiopia is one of the countries with the most ancient Christian history, and the only country in Africa where Christianity became official religion as early as in the 4th century A.D. It is also the only country in the region where the history has been documented in written sources: manuscripts in possession of ca. 600 monasteries and 20,000 churches, some of which date back to early Middle Ages, have been estimated to number up to ca. 200,000. Only a minor part of these archives have so far received scholarly evaluation, only less than one tenth of manuscripts have been microfilmed or digitalized, and only those that have come in possession of European libraries have been duly catalogued and are well protected. A great part of this unique heritage is on the verge of extinction, and urgent action needs to be taken to save it from complete disappearance. A thorough research into the texts will grant insight into the mentality of this African region and provide parallels to the ways other African regions without ancient written tradition may have developed, as well as to the ways Christianity spread in medieval Europe: in monastic Ethiopia some features now lost in the civilized world may still be observed. The project will unite scholars working in the fields of philology, codicology, digital philology, religious studies, anthropology, art history, and book preservation, who will secure the most important pieces of historical written evidence and carry out first-hand in-depth research into the witnesses. Local history and oral traditions collected during field research will allow a comprehensive and complete evaluation of the sources. Focus on historiographic and legal documents will allow a detailed reconstruction of local history of selected regions.

Keywords: heritage preservation,oriental studies,digital philology,manuscriptology,ethiopian studies
Cause of Death Contribution to Longevity: Modeling Time Trends. (LONGEVITYBYCAUSE)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Environment and society
Countries involved: Denmark,Denmark
Call:  (ERC-2009-StG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-05-01
End date: 2015-04-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 300380.0
EU funding (EUR): 300380.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

Since the mid-nineteen century life expectancy in developed countries has doubled, increasing from levels around 40 years to above 80 years. This research project is motivated by the need to further explore how societies have achieved the current levels of longevity, in terms of life expectancy and modal age at death. To achieve this, age-patterns and time-trends in cause of death contribution to longevity are assessed. This historical analysis is carried out in fifty developed and developing countries/areas. It is expected that the cause of death contribution to the advancement of longevity is country/region specific. However, the hypothesis to be tested is that there are common cause-specific time-trends across countries which can be described by a model of cause of death contribution to longevity. Several purposes for such a model can be listed: it will allow us to study expected future mortality directions in developed nations that are currently still facing high levels of some particular causes of death, e.g. the Netherlands and United States. It could also help investigating the retrocession in mortality observed in some transitional countries/areas, particularly in Eastern Europe. Finally, the accelerated epidemiological transition in developing countries is compared to the slower trend in the developed world at earlier times, model results versus observed cause-contribution. The interest in the latter comparison is to foresee the increase in the prevalence of chronic disease in low-income countries predicted by the WHO and the World Bank. Furthermore, one in every three countries in the world has adequate cause-specific mortality data. The proposed model could facilitate estimating the current cause of death status in developing countries. This project addresses a significant question concerning the mechanisms (age and cause of death) that direct reductions in mortality.

Keywords: demography
Public Goods through Private Eyes. Exploring Citizens' Attitudes to Public Goods and the State in Central Eastern Europe (PGPE)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Institutions, values, beliefs and behaviour
Countries involved: Poland
Call:  (ERC-2009-StG, 2009)
Start date: 2009-12-01
End date: 2014-11-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1730000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1730000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Post-communist states of Central and Eastern Europe form a particularly challenging context for public goods production, due to the communist legacies as well as experiences of transformation. Drawing on theory and research available in political science, sociology and economics, this multi-disciplinary, comparative project will formulate and test an extensive model of public goods oriented behaviour and its determinants in the context of post-communist countries of CEE. The key objectives of this proposed project are to: (i) design and execute a full-scale cross-national survey on the determinants of public&apos;s attitudes and behaviour towards public goods; and (ii) combine these data with a wider range of existing indicators, relating to institutional design, social changes, political and economic reforms as well as historical legacies, in the context of post-communist Central Eastern Europe. Its fundamental aim, therefore, is to generate knowledge on the key determinants of democratic governance and democratic deepening in new democracies. This knowledge will allow to understand how citizens and governments of transition countries can work together towards a greater social, political, economic and environmental sustainability.

Keywords: public goods,civic morality,legitimacy,procedural fairness,institutional quality,cooperation,social cohesion,trust,social capital,tax behaviour
Human Sociality and Systems of Language Use (HSSLU)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: ERC Starting Grant Interdisciplinary Panel
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (ERC-2009-StG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-01-01
End date: 2014-12-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1999800.0
EU funding (EUR): 1999800.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Informal conversation is the primary context for all central processes of language. Yet it is the least studied. The many advances of traditional linguistic typology the systematic comparison of the world s languages have been based on 'isolated sentences' as data. This project will meet the challenge of working with rich conversational data. This stands to permanently remedy our skewed linguistic understanding by pioneering a systematic approach to the comparison of *language use*, to complement the comparison of language structure. This not only forges a new field of comparative linguistics, it opens up new questions of language and mind. Within mind , we include the high-order social intelligence that defines being human: our human sociality . This project will use data from social interaction to show that language is a window onto the *social mind*. A team of 6 will work on 7 languages (English, and 2 languages of Asia, Africa, and S. America), toward 3 project objectives. Objective 1 is collection of corpora of video-recorded conversation in the field. Objective 2, drawing on these corpora, is a systematic description of three defined systems in each language: (1) *repair* (of problems in speaking and understanding), (2) *reference*, and (3) *requests* (using language to get others to do things). Each system provides a window onto core aspects of human sociality: The project will focus on the relation between informational imperatives (common knowledge and perspectives) and affiliational imperatives (matters of face and social manipulation). Objective 3, drawing on Objective 2, is a detailed coding and quantitative comparison of the 3 systems across the 7 languages. This systematic comparison of systems of language use will do two things: 1. set the agenda for a new tradition in linguistics a *typology of language use* and 2. bring new evidence to bear upon interdisciplinary questions of the nature and cultural variability of human sociality.

Keywords: human sociality,conversation,social interaction,human universals
Boys will be boys? Gender differences in the socialization of disruptive behaviour in early childhood (BOYS WILL BE BOYS?)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The Human Mind and its complexity
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (ERC-2009-StG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-02-01
End date: 2015-03-31
Duration (months): 62.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1611970.0
EU funding (EUR): 1611970.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The aim of the proposed project is to shed light on early childhood gender-differentiated socialization and gender-specific susceptibility to parenting within families in relation to disruptive behaviour in boys and girls in the first four years of life. The popular saying boys will be boys refers to the observation that boys show more disruptive behaviours (e.g., noncompliance or aggression) than girls, a pattern that has been confirmed frequently in scientific research. There is also evidence that parents treat boys differently from girls in ways that are likely to foster boys disruptive behaviour, and that boys are more susceptible to problematic family functioning than girls. The crucial question is whether gender differences in socialization, susceptibility to socialization, and children s behavioural outcomes are also salient when the same parents are doing the parenting of both a boy and a girl. Within-family comparisons are necessary to account for structural differences between families. To this end, families with two children born 22-26 months apart will be recruited from the general population. To account for birth order and gender-combination effects, the sample includes four groups of 150 families each, with the following sibling combinations: girl-boy, boy-girl, girl-girl, and boy-boy. The study has a four-wave longitudinal design, based on the youngest sibling with assessments at ages 12, 24, 36, and 48 months, because gender differences in disruptive behaviour develop during the toddler years. Each assessment consists of two home visits: one with mother and one with father, including observations of both children and of the children separately. Parenting behaviours will be studied in reaction to specific child behaviours, including aggression, noncompliance, and prosocial behaviours.

Keywords: gender,siblings,parenting,disruptive behavior
Strengthening the European Court of Human Rights: More Accountability Through Better Legal Reasoning (ECHR)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Institutions, values, beliefs and behaviour
Countries involved: Belgium
Call:  (ERC-2009-StG, 2009)
Start date: 2009-11-01
End date: 2014-10-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1370000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1370000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Human rights are under pressure, in Europe as elsewhere, due to several developments, namely [1] War on terror: the pressures generated by competing discourses [2] Coping with the dangers of rights inflation [3] Conflicting rights: how to handle rights as contested claims [4] The challenges of dealing with universality under fire In this context, the human rights leadership of the European Court of Human Rights is of crucial importance. Yet the Court is not fit for purpose. Inconsistencies and sloppy legal reasoning undermine both its credibility and the impact of its decisions. The research programme that I propose will strengthen the consistency and persuasiveness of Court s legal reasoning so as to improve its accountability and transparency. My aim is to identify new technical solutions for important human rights problems, by the development and application of creative methodologies. The substantive innovations within the field of European human rights law that I propose to make are: [a] the development of new legal tools, which will consistently integrate the accommodation of the particularities of non-dominant groups into the reasoning of the European Court of Human Rights [b] the development of a new theoretical framework combining minimum and maximum approaches to human rights protection, followed by its translation into clear legal criteria for use by the European Court of Human Rights [c] the development of a script that will enable the adoption of a consistent approach by the European Court of Human Rights to conflicts between human rights My methodological approach is characterized by the combination of empirical and normative dimensions, a 360° comparison, and the integration of qualitative research methods (interviews and focus groups with key stakeholders).

Keywords: human rights,european court of human rights,legal reasoning
Narratives of Terror and Disappearance. Fantastic Dimensions of Argentina' s Collective Memory since the Military Dictatorship (NOT)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: ERC Starting Grant Interdisciplinary Panel
Countries involved: Germany,Germany
Call:  (ERC-2009-StG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-04-01
End date: 2015-03-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1200000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1200000.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

Terror and its social and cultural effects are the most unspeakable and traumatic facts of the 20th and 21st centuries. The two-fold argument is that terror a) operates and perpetuates itself by means of fantastic narratives, and b) is one of the characteristic elements evoked by the fantastic genre. This project seeks to investigate the interdependency of fantastic narrative and the historical phenomenon of terror. The five-year, six-member project combines a literary theoretical reassessment of the fantastic as a mode of telling the unspeakable with a historical case study of the Argentinean &apos;war on terrorism&apos; during the military dictatorship of 1976-83 and its aftermath. The discourses of actual terror and imaginary fantastic intersect in the figure of the Disappeared: those suspected of terrorist activities against the state were systematically abducted, tortured, murdered, and forced to disappear. The Disappeared are not merely missing subjects, but also a social cipher of indeterminacy that decisively organizes traumatic past and political present through narrative. This project uses an approach which combines narratological analysis with a Cultural Studies perspective including Political Science and Social Anthropology to investigate the specific ways that the figure of the Disappeared shapes the Argentinean social body, its histories and collective self-understanding. For the first time, the Disappeared are analyzed as integral figures of the transition between historical reality and fantastical imagination. Their case history represents a paradigm for a terroristic answer to terrorism and can shed light on current debates on the war on terrorism . The research group will enquire into the conditions of emergence, authorships, paths of dissemination, the semantic de-and re-codings and reciprocal relations of concepts of terror, security and subversion. The methodology therefore combines qualitative Cultural Studies with quantitative analyses.

Keywords: fantastic theory narratology terror torture and ritual argentinean military dictatorship art and society
The demography of skills and beliefs in Europe with a focus on cohort change (COHORT)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Environment and society
Countries involved: Austria
Call:  (ERC-2009-StG, 2009)
Start date: 2009-10-01
End date: 2015-03-31
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 981415.0
EU funding (EUR): 981415.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The central research theme of this proposal is the study of social change (skills, productivity, attitudes and beliefs) in Europe along cohort lines and as a function of changing age composition. Using demographic methods, age-specific and cohort-specific changes shall be quantitatively disentangled. The impact of migration flows as well as fertility differentials combined with intergenerational transmissions will be taken into account. It is expected that viewed together, these analyses will result in significant new insights and represent frontier research about likely social and economic challenges associated with ageing and demographic change in Europe and the appropriate policies for coping with them. Unlike projections of long-term economic growth or energy use, demographic forecasts tend to have comparatively low margins of error, even for forecasts half a century ahead. Traits that change systematically along age or cohort lines may therefore be projected with some degree of accuracy, which in turn can allow governments and individuals to better foresee and improve policies for predictable social change. The study will investigate two major topics, the first relating to human capital, skills, and work performance; the second relating to beliefs and attitudes in Europe. Understanding age variation in productivity and how to improve senior workers skills and capacities are paramount for ageing countries. Moreover, individual-level demographic behaviour can have aggregate level implications, including changing societal values and belief structures. The binding element is how such projections will improve one s capacity to foresee and hence develop more targeted policies that relate to ageing societies.

Keywords: ageing,demographic change,religion,values,attitudes,productivity,skills,literacy,education