Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Functions of Matrices: Theory and Computation (MATFUN)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Mathematical foundations
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2010-AdG_20100224, 2010)
Start date: 2011-03-01
End date: 2016-02-29
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2069119.9
EU funding (EUR): 2069119.9
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Functions of matrices are widely used in science, engineering and the social sciences, due to the succinct and insightful way they allow problems to be formulated and solutions to be expressed. New applications involving matrix functions are regularly being found, ranging from small but difficult problems in medicine to huge, sparse systems arising in the solution of partial differential equations. The objective of this research is to make breakthroughs in theory and algorithms that will have a major impact on applications that employ matrix functions. Productive lines of enquiry and novel methodological approaches have been identified across the spectrum of the subject. In the theory, significant advances on nonprimary functions, structured matrices, and nonnormality will be obtained. New and improved algorithms for evaluating of a variety of functions as well as their Fréchet derivatives and condition numbers will be developed. For the key problem of computing the action of a matrix function on a vector a highly promising, novel approach for the matrix exponential will be developed and applied within exponential integrators. Massively parallel machines will be targeted by developing asynchronous algorithms for matrix functions, which promise a step change in scalability to very large numbers of processors and thereby significant impact on large scale applications in computational science and engineering. This research programme is ground-breaking in going beyond the state of the art across the whole range of matrix functions research from theory to software. The expected impact is high both within the field and in the many applications areas that will benefit from the new and improved algorithms.

Keywords: numerical analysis,numerical linear algebra,numerical algorithms and software,high performance computing
Cell wall-plasmalemma-cytoskeleton as a sensor in cold-induced plant resistance to fungal infection (PROTECT CROP)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: European Re-integration Grants
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Poland
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2007-2-2-ERG, 2007)
Start date: 2008-01-01
End date: 2010-12-31
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 45000.0
EU funding (EUR): 45000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Microdochium nivale is the most widespread snow mould fungus, especially in cold and temperate zones. M. nivale causes serious damage to its hosts under a snow cover, however it is also dangerous under chilling temperatures and high humidity conditions. Climate changes of northern hemisphere: relatively warm autumn (lack of proper cold hardening) followed by cold and wet winters without a snow cover can promote severity of M. nivale caused deceases and became reason of great losses. PROTECT CROP project bases on research in host Institute concerning selection of triticale lines resistant to M. nivale and the observation that exposure of seedlings to cold promotes their resistance to fungal infection. The project is innovative regarding the role of cell wall-plasmalemma-cytoskeleton interactions as a sensor of cold-hardening. The main research objectives in PROTECT CROP are (1) To determine the type, extent and duration of resistance response to pathogens induced in plants by cold (2) To analyse the role of cell wall-plasmalemma-cytoskeleton in promoting the resistance and dissection of the early signaling events in resistant and non-resistant plants (3) To understanding of the pathogen-host interaction and cold-induced-resistance mechanisms during fungus attack. Multidisciplinary approach (physiology, cell biology, biophysics, biochemistry, combined with genetic analysis) will be used to investigations. Understanding resistance mechanisms will help to plant improvement and their best use for sustainable land and developing new methods of plant protection. Consequently, it can raise the quality and quantity of European agriculture produce, with benefits for human health and the environment. PROTECT CROP arises from research interest of Fellow in topic of the plant resistance mechanisms to pathogens and skills acquired during previous fellowship. PROTECT CROP will enrich the Fellow with new knowledge and experiences and will raise her job prospects.

Keywords: fungal diseases of plants,cell biology,crop protection
Cryptography on Non-Trusted Machines (CNTM)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Materials and Synthesis
Countries involved: Poland,Italy,Poland
Call:  (ERC-2007-StG, 2007)
Start date: 2008-11-01
End date: 2013-10-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 872550.0
EU funding (EUR): 872550.0
Participants: 3
Project status: CLOSED

This project is about the design of cryptographic schemes that are secure even if implemented on not-secure devices. The motivation for this problem comes from an observation that most of the real-life attacks on cryptographic devices do not break their mathematical foundations, but exploit vulnerabilities of their implementations. This concerns both the cryptographic software executed on PCs (that can be attacked by viruses), and the implementations on hardware (that can be subject to the side-channel attacks). Traditionally fixing this problem was left to the practitioners, since it was a common belief that theory cannot be of any help here. However, new exciting results in cryptography suggest that this view was too pessimistic: there exist methods to design cryptographic protocols in such a way that they are secure even if the hardware on which they are executed cannot be fully trusted. The goal of this project is to investigate these methods further, unify them in a solid mathematical theory (many of them were developed independently), and propose new ideas in this area. The project will be mostly theoretical (although some practical experiments may be performed). Our main interest lies within the theory of private circuits, bounded-retrieval model, physically-observable cryptography, and human-assisted cryptography. We view these theories just as the departing points, since the area is very fresh and we expect to soon witness completely new ideas in this field.

Keywords: cryptography,computer security
Investigating the Nature of Bacterial Spores (BACTERIAL SPORES)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Cellular and Developmental Biology
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (ERC-2007-StG, 2007)
Start date: 2008-10-01
End date: 2013-09-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1630000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1630000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

When triggered by nutrient limitation, the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis and its relatives enter a pathway of cellular differentiation culminating in the formation of a dormant cell type called a spore, the most resilient cell type known. Bacterial spores can survive for long periods of time and are able to endure extremes of heat, radiation and chemical assault. Remarkably, dormant spores can rapidly convert back to actively growing cells by a process called germination. Consequently, spore forming bacteria, including dangerous pathogens, (such as C. botulinum and B. anthracis) are highly resistant to antibacterial treatments and difficult to eradicate. Despite significant advances in our understanding of the process of spore formation, little is known about the nature of the mature spore. It is unrevealed how dormancy is maintained within the spore and how it is ceased, as the organization and the dynamics of the spore macromolecules remain obscure. The unusual biochemical and biophysical characteristics of the dormant spore make it a challenging biological system to investigate using conventional methods, and thus set the need to develop innovative approaches to study spore biology. We propose to explore the nature of spores by using B. subtilis as a primary experimental system. We intend to: (1) define the architecture of the spore chromosome, (2) track the complexity and fate of mRNA and protein molecules during sporulation, dormancy and germination, (3) revisit the basic notion of the spore dormancy (is it metabolically inert?), (4) compare the characteristics of bacilli spores from diverse ecophysiological groups, (5) investigate the features of spores belonging to distant bacterial genera, (6) generate an integrative database that categorizes the molecular features of spores. Our study will provide original insights and introduce novel concepts to the field of spore biology and may help devise innovative ways to combat spore forming pathogens.

Keywords: microbiology,bacillus subtilis,sporulation,microbial cell biology,bacterial spores
A neurodevelopmental approach to human language processing (NEURODEVELOPMENT)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Environment and society
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (ERC-2007-StG, 2007)
Start date: 2008-09-01
End date: 2014-08-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 822000.0
EU funding (EUR): 822000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Despite a large number of studies on human language comprehension and its development, the neurocognitive system underlying normal and impaired language processing has yet not been characterized. In particular, it is currently debated whether different subsystems in language comprehension work together in a serial or a parallel fashion. The grant project will use online measures of neuronal activity as revealed by the recording of event-related brain potentials (ERPs), to test a new account to human language processing that emerges from a neurodevelopmental perspective. Specifically, the proposal is guided by the hypothesis that adult language processing is characterized by simultaneously activated neurorepresentational systems at different stages of language comprehension, but that these parallel neuronal networks are acquired sequentially during infancy and childhood. Using ERPs recorded in a series of fragment priming experiments, evidence for the proposed neurodevelopmental model of language comprehension will be obtained in infants, children and adults. Additional analysis techniques, such as the characterization of temporal dynamics of ERPs, will be applied to investigate the assumed functional parallelism in neuronal language processing. The results will serve as a basis for a neurolinguistic model of both language acquisition and the functional organization of the adult language processing system. The work will be of importance for questions of education and for the understanding and treatment of developmental language disorders.

Keywords: language acquisition
European observatory for science-based and economic expert analysis of nanotechnologies, cognisant of barriers and risks, to engage with relevant stakeholders regarding benefits and opportunities. (OBSERVATORYNANO)

Framework: FP7 — Cooperation
Programme: Nanosciences, Nanotechnologies, Materials and new Production Technologies - NMP
Destination: Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies
Action type: Coordination and support actions
Countries involved: United Kingdom,Germany,France,United Kingdom,Netherlands,Finland,Spain,Germany,Italy,Switzerland,Denmark,Netherlands,Czechia,Germany,Germany
Call:  (FP7-NMP-2007-CSA-1, 2007)
Start date: 2008-04-01
End date: 2012-03-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 5141986.65
EU funding (EUR): 3999840.0
Participants: 16
Project status: CLOSED

observatoryNANO brings together leading EU organizations who collectively have expertise in the technological; economic; societal/ethical; health, safety, and environmental analysis of nanotechnologies. Its primary aim is to develop appropriate methodologies to link scientific and technological development of nanotechnologies with socio-economic impacts. Both of these aspects will be enhanced by expert opinion, making this project unique in providing relevant web-based reports in a common format across all sectors, considered by all criteria, and widely publicized. observatoryNANO will become an industry leading and opinion forming catalyst for nanotechnology in the EU. The purpose is to avoid the exaggerated socio-economic impact of nanotechnologies and place developments in a realistic time-frame. It will present a reliable, complete, and responsible science-based and economic expert analysis of peer-reviewed literature, patents, national funding strategies, investment trends, and markets; in combination with information derived from questionnaires, interviews and workshops with academic and industry leaders, investors, and other key stakeholders. It will place these developments in the context of potential ethical and societal issues, and risks to human health and the environment, through its own analysis and through engagement with other actors, to ensure that its recommendations are balanced and contribute to the safe and responsible development of nanotechnologies. It will collaborate with all appropriate organizations including the EPO, OECD, industry associations, ETPs, and other EU-funded projects. Through these activities observatoryNANO will form a balanced governing board of key EU stakeholders. It will react to advice and input from these stakeholders, and advise on potential opportunities, barriers, and risks. This will allow decision-makers to take appropriate action to ensure that nanotechnology developments are realized as socio-economic benefits.

Keywords: nanotechnology,socio-economics,technology assessment,european observatory
Integrated Flooding Control and Standard for Stability and Crises Management (FLOODSTAND)

Framework: FP7 — Cooperation
Programme: Transport (including Aeronautics)
Destination: Sustainable surface transport (INCLUDING THE �EUROPEAN GREEN CARS INITIATIVE�)
Action type: Collaborative project
Countries involved: Finland,France,Poland,Norway,United Kingdom,Netherlands,Germany,Sweden,Greece,France,United Kingdom,United Kingdom,Estonia,United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-SST-2007-RTD-1, 2007)
Start date: 2009-03-01
End date: 2012-02-29
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 4331250.2
EU funding (EUR): 2999840.0
Participants: 17
Project status: CLOSED

The size of new passenger ships is continuously increasing. Bigger size offers bigger opportunities and economics of scale, but when a bigger ship accommodates more passengers there may be a higher risk, if evacuation is needed. Thus, new approaches have to be used and further developed in order to have the flooding under control if the watertight integrity of the ship is lost. In the worst case, all flooding accidents may lead to the capsizing or sinking of the ship within a highly variable time frame. The need to ensure safe return to port or at least sufficient time for abandonment, will form major challenge in ship design. However, the assessment of the available time and the evacuation decision are not easy tasks. This process is complicated and there is a notable lack of data. Thus, guidelines and methods to tackle these problems must be developed. New tools are required in order to increase the designers' and operators' possibilities to reliably evaluate the ship's capability to survive in flooding accidents. This project sets to derive most of the missing data for validation of time-domain numerical tools for assessment of ship survivability and to develop a standard for a comprehensive measure of damaged ship stability, as a means of addressing systematically, rationally and effectively the risk of flooding. Unlike any current regulations the envisaged standard will reflect the stochastic nature of the damaged ship stability in waves. It will be based on first-principles modeling and thus it will reflect the nature of foundering as a process comprising loss of either (or both), flotation and stability, but also and more importantly ultimate loss of human life. Since risk-based, the standard will form a basis for decision support. It is expected that by explicit disclosure of the risks associated with ship flooding and thus addressed from early design to operation, the safety level can be raised substantially from levels of current legislation.

Keywords: flooding simulation,damage stability,experimental research,computational fluid dynamics
European Network on the Health and Environmental Impact of Nanomaterials (NANOIMPACTNET)

Framework: FP7 — Cooperation
Programme: Nanosciences, Nanotechnologies, Materials and new Production Technologies - NMP
Destination: Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies
Action type: Coordination and support actions
Countries involved: Switzerland,United Kingdom,Norway,Ireland,Germany,Germany,Denmark,European organisations area,United Kingdom,Netherlands,Greece,Netherlands,France,Slovakia,Finland,Denmark,United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-NMP-2007-CSA-1, 2007)
Start date: 2008-04-01
End date: 2012-03-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 3222073.4
EU funding (EUR): 1999960.0
Participants: 26
Project status: CLOSED

Recent technological advances allow the targeted production of objects and materials in the nanoscale (smaller than 100 nm). Nanomaterials have chemical, physical and bioactive characteristics, which are different from those of larger entities of the same materials. Nanoparticles can pass through body barriers. This is interesting for medical applications, but it raises concerns about their health and environmental impact. The objective of the NanoImpactNet is to create a scientific basis to ensure the safe and responsible development of engineered nanoparticles and nanotechnology-based materials and products, and to support the definition of regulatory measures and implementation of legislation in Europe. It includes a strong two-way communication to ensure efficient dissemination of information to stakeholders and the European Commission, while at the same time obtaining input from the stakeholders about their needs and concerns. The work plan shows six work packages (WPs: Human hazards and exposures, Hazards and fate of nanomaterials in the environment, Impact assessment, Communication, Integration and nomenclature, and Coordination and management). The work plan will be implemented over four years. Discussions about strategies and methodologies will be initiated through well-prepared workshops covering the WP topics. External researchers and stakeholders will be invited to participate. After these workshops, the researchers will collaborate to produce thorough reports and sets of guidelines reflecting the consensus reached. All of the leading European research groups with activities in nanosafety, nanorisk assessment, and nanotoxicology are represented in NanoImpactNet. All exposure routes, major disease classes and impact assessment approaches are represented within the network. It will coordinate activities within Europe. It will help implement the EU Actionplan for Nanotechnology and support a responsible and safe development of nanotechnologies in Europe.

Keywords: nanomaterial,nanoparticles,health,human,environment,impact,risk,(eco)toxicity,screening,predictive models,life-cycle,public perception,eu actionplan
Strengthening road transport research cooperation between Europe and emerging international markets II (SIMBA II)

Framework: FP7 — Cooperation
Programme: Transport (including Aeronautics)
Destination: Sustainable surface transport (INCLUDING THE �EUROPEAN GREEN CARS INITIATIVE�)
Action type: Coordination and support actions
Countries involved: Belgium,Belgium,China,South Africa,India,Brazil,Russian Federation
Call:  (FP7-SST-2007-RTD-1, 2007)
Start date: 2008-05-01
End date: 2010-04-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 499925.0
EU funding (EUR): 499925.0
Participants: 9
Project status: CLOSED

The SIMBA II project aims to increase RTD cooperation between the EU and the ICPC of Brazil, China, India, Russia and South Africa. SIMBA II will look at how the EU and ICPC can jointly increase road safety, mobility and transport efficiency, improve road and transport network management and research appropriate pavement design while at the same time improving levels of transport-related pollution. This will enable SIMBA II to support emerging markets in their efforts to improve transportation while at the same time enhancing European industrial competitiveness via transfer of technologies. Special attention will be paid to mobility and road management, urban traffic issues and public transport in order to better assess and evaluate the development of new infrastructure and of policy-led ITS solutions through sustainable urban transport planning. ICPC could benefit in this respect from the latest experiences in the EU and move forward integrated transport network management, focusing on policy solutions to tackle congestion and environmental challenges. During a 24-month period, the SIMBA II project will set up and run a series of expert groups to further work on the priorities defined in the first SIMBA project. It will bring together European and local ICPC organisations to engage in preparatory technical work, including feasibility studies for the development and/or implementation of new ITS and infrastructure technologies in the ICPC (looking at adapting European technologies to local needs in an effort to improve local transport conditions).

Keywords: transport technology,transport policy,transport safety,international cooperation,mobility,efficiency