Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Numerical study of dynamics and magnetic properties of strongly correlated electron systems (COEL)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Re-integration Grants
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Hungary
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2010-RG, 2010)
Start date: 2011-05-01
End date: 2015-04-30
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

Strongly correlated electron systems are in the forefront of contemporary physics due to both fundamentally open issues and the application of such systems in modern electronics, spintronics, and quantum information technology. However, successful application and unravelling of the fundamental phenomena require further studies which can only be performed with powerful numerical simulation techniques. Herein, we intend to investigate the dynamic and magnetic properties of strongly correlated electron systems with the recently developed continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo (CT-QMC) simulation method. This is a very powerful numerical method which significantly advances the limit of conventional quantum Monte Carlo methods. The applicant recently acquired expertise in this field during a longer stay in Japan and she will install this method at the host institution and apply it with the following objectives: study of (i) anomalous rare-earth compounds with exotic multipole orders, (ii) attractive fermionic models such as the N-flavour attractive Hubbard model, and (iii) compounds with the 5d transition metal ion Ir, the so called iridates, where the spin-orbit interaction is strong. The expected results will contribute to the better understanding of correlated behavior such as unconventional insulating states or Kondo effect which can be efficiently dealt with by the CT-QMC method in contrast with other numerical methods. This bridging between the applicant's previous workplace in Japan and the host institution in Hungary provides knowledge transfer and fruitful collaboration. This will also contribute to counteract brain drain between Europe and overseas and to strengthen a host in a less favoured EU region. The applicant's expertise with the theoretical study of strongly correlated systems is shown by her 18 publications in leading scientific journals and by the 129 independent citations to these works.

Keywords: physical sciences,physics,condensed matter properties,electronic,magnetic and superconductive properties
Rigidity of Scalar Curvature and Regularity for Mean Curvature Flow (RSC AND RMCF)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Re-integration Grants
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2010-RG, 2010)
Start date: 2011-04-01
End date: 2015-03-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The interplay between Geometry and Analysis has been among the most fruitful mathematical ideas in recent years, the most obvious example being Perelman's proof of Poincare' conjecture. I plan to pursue further this approach and make distinct progress in two different problems. Scalar Curvature: A classical theorem in Riemannian Geometry states that nonnegative scalar curvature metrics which are flat outside a compact set must be Euclidean. The equivalent problem for positive scalar curvature is known as the Min-Oo conjecture and was recently disproven by Brendle, Marques, and myself. I plan to show uniform area bounds for minimal surfaces in manifolds with positive scalar curvature where the bounds are attained if and only if we are on a round sphere. I also plan to show that those manifolds have an infinite number of minimal surfaces (Yau's conjecture). My approach consists of studying min-max methods in order to obtain existence of higher-index minimal surfaces. Mean curvature flow: An hard open problem consists in determining which Lagrangians in a Calabi-Yau admit a minimal Lagrangian (SLag) in their isotopy class. A complete answer would be a breakthrough of considerable size. A possible approach consists of deforming a given Lagrangian in the direction which decreases area the most and hope to show convergence to a SLag. The difficulty with this method is that finite-time singularities can occur. I plan to study the regularity theory for this flow and show that, for surfaces, singularities are isolated in space. My approach consists in classifying the possible blow-ups and find monotone quantities which will rule out non SLag blow-ups. In October of last year I completed 9 years in the USA where the last 2 were spent as an Assistant Professor at Princeton University. Due to personal reasons I decided to move back to Europe. Hence this grant will provide me with the necessary financial support to continue my research.

Keywords: mathematics,riemannian geometry,analysis of pde's,geometric analysis
Recombinational DNA repair analyzed by simultaneous scanning force and single molecule fluorescence microscopy: role of RAD54 in presynaptic and postsynaptic events (DNAREPAIR AT 3DETAIL)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: European Re-integration Grants
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2010-RG, 2010)
Start date: 2011-04-01
End date: 2014-03-31
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 45000.0
EU funding (EUR): 45000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The goal of the research is to understand the mechanistic of human genetic recombination at the single molecular level. Homologous recombination, the exchange of sequences between homologous DNA molecules, is essential for accurate genome duplication, DNA damage repair and chromosome segregation. Single molecule analysis provides information on intermediate states, functional and structural variability and the distribution of variable states that cannot be recovered from bulk biochemical assays. Understanding the mechanism of DNA repair by homologous recombination requires detailed structural descriptions of recombination intermediates. We are uniquely poised to unravel key steps in homologous recombination at the molecular mechanistic level using state of the art imaging tools. We have a substantial track record in applying SFM topographic imaging to the understanding of DNA break repair mechanisms and other genome transactions. The recently developed method that combined SFM with single molecule sensitivity fluorescence will expand the information we can obtain from molecular imaging. In particular, our aims will be: 1 Simultaneous localization of multiple human DNA repair factors acting on recombination intermediates. 2 Analysis of DNA replication after repair. Homologous recombination proteins are the target for important treatment modalities against cancer. By analysing the mechanism through which these proteins cooperate in DSB repair, we expect to provide insights into their molecular assembly. Recombination proteins and DNA substrates labelled with flourophores will be used in single molecule microscopy assays. We have developed methods to combine SFM nm resolution topography and single molecule sensitivity fluorescence (Sanchez, et al., 2010). This SFM-fluorescence microscopy will be exploited here for specifically recognizing and localizing DNA repair factors.

Keywords: homologous dna recombination,scanning force microscopy,fluorescence microscopy,single-molecule studies,human rad51-rad54 interaction
United we stand devided we fall: How the web of political institutions influence legislators' behaviour (UNITED, DIVIDED)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Re-integration Grants
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2010-RG, 2010)
Start date: 2011-06-01
End date: 2015-05-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

What causes politicians to vote against their parties’ wishes? What causes parties to exhibit less or greater discipline? How do institutions influence the way legislatures, parties and parliament members behave? The researcher wants to undertake 2 related tasks: first of all, the researcher wishes to add to our knowledge about the effect of institutional arrangements on parties and parliament members by shedding light on an often neglected institution: parliamentary cameral procedures. The second objective of this research is to innovatively examine how the combination of political institutions, and specifically electoral systems, intra-party candidate selection processes and parliamentary cameral procedures, and their interaction with one another influence the way legislators’ behave and the degree to which parties are acting in unison. I aim to investigate the nature of the relationships between political institutions and politicians’ behaviour, in order to improve theory and help practitioners in designing institutions, which lead to better political representation and greater democratic stability. Both tasks are valuable for the advancement of the study of legislative behavior and parties. In its core the project seek to answer how do the institutional arrangements within which legislators and parties operate shape and influence their behavior?

Keywords: legislative studies,electoral systems,candidate selection processes,legislators' behaviour
Electronic properties in the vicinity of a Mott insulator (MOTTPROXIMITY)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Re-integration Grants
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2010-RG, 2010)
Start date: 2011-03-01
End date: 2015-02-28
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Metallic compounds with d- and f-wave electrons in their outer-shell tend to have narrow bandwidths, and their electronic properties can be strongly affected by competing Coulomb interactions. When the Coulomb repulsion is strong enough, the system may become a Mott insulator -- a state in which charge is localized due to the interactions. The study of Mott insulators, and of the mechanisms by which their insulating behavior is destroyed, can give us significant insight regarding nearby metallic and superconducting states. In the first part of this proposal, I focus on the high-Tc superconducting cuprates. The parent compound in these materials is an antiferromagnetic Mott insulator, which becomes a superconductor upon doping. Doping also leads to spatial inhomogeneity at the nanostructure. I will study the effects of spatial inhomogeneity on the bulk electronic properties, as well its relationship to the superconducting temperature Tc. In the second part of this proposal, I consider itinerant electron systems on geometrically-frustrated lattices. Geometric frustration helps suppress the formation of magnetic order, and can lead to ``spin-liquid" states -- Mott insulators with no competing magnetic order. The need to understand spin-liquid states is made more pressing by the advent of newly developed insulators on geometrically-frustrated lattices. I will focus on two related systems: a) Recent experiments on the hyperkagome compound Na4Ir3O8 demonstrate a pressure-tuned spin-liquid to metal transition in a three-dimensional system. I will study the nature of such a transition and also study the possible existence of a spin liquid phase with spinon pairing in this compound. b) Motivated by experiments on FeSc2S4, I will study the effects of orbital degeneracy on the Kugel-Khomskii model on the diamond lattice, with the goal to understand the interplay between orbital degeneracy and geometrical frustration in stabilizing spin-liquid states.

Keywords: physical sciences,superconductivity,quantum magnetism
Correlations and Proximity Effect in Low-Dimensional and Hybrid Structures (LODIHYBRIDS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Re-integration Grants
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2010-RG, 2010)
Start date: 2011-03-01
End date: 2015-02-28
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Technological progress has lead to a huge growth in the field of mesoscopic physics over the past decade, and buzzwords like spintronics or quantum computing have created much excitement. At the origin of this development is the ongoing miniaturization and the ever increasing control over systems at the nanoscale. Central elements in understanding mesoscopic systems are the reduced dimensionality as well as the interplay of interactions and disorder. Luttinger liquid theory has been very successful in describing the low-energy properties of clean onedimensional systems. With the advent of more and more precise measurements, the question as to the limitations of Luttinger liquid physics has arisen only fairly recently. The proposed research explores (quasi-)onedimensional physics beyond the Luttinger liquid description, focusing on deviations from onedimensionality in interacting quantum wires and the interplay of interactions and disorder. Hybrid systems offer new ways of designing system functionality by combining materials with different, even antagonistic properties. A prime example are superconductor-ferromagnet systems where the incompatibility of the spin properties leads to a number of unusual phenomena. The proposed research explores correlations and dynamic (spin) effects in hybrid systems. Finally, ultracold atomic systems have opened a new window on interacting quantum systems. Since the first realization of Bose-Einstein condensation of a gas of bosonic atoms, ultracold atom physics has rapidly evolved. Pairing of fermions has been observed with the analogue of two spin states realized using two different hyperfine states. One of the most exciting features of these recently discovered atomic paired-fermion superfluids is the tunability of the interactions via a magnetic field-induced Feshbach resonance. The proposal considers ultracold gases in an inhomogeneous magnetic field to explore aspects of (quasi-)onedimensional and hybrid systems.

Keywords: physical sciences,condensed matter theory,mesoscopic physics,low-dimensional systems,interactions & disorder,superconductivity,proximity effect,cold atomic gases
AdS/CFT beyond the N=4 SYM paradigm (ADSCFTBNF)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Re-integration Grants
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Greece
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2010-RG, 2010)
Start date: 2012-10-01
End date: 2016-09-30
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This proposal concerns research in the direction of finding string theory duals for gauge theories beyond the N = 4 universality class; theories that have genuinely less supersymmetry and unquenched flavor. Arguably, the next simplest example after N= 4 SYM is N=2 SU(N_c) SYM coupled to N_f=2N_c fundamental hypermultiplets. The theory admits a Veneziano expansion of large N_c and large N_f, with N_f/N_c and `t Hooft coupling g^2 N_c kept fixed. The topological structure of large N diagrams motivates a general conjecture: the flavor‐singlet sector of a gauge theory in the Veneziano limit is dual to a closed string theory. In recent studies, we explored the chiral spectrum of protected operators of the theory and we found that the string dual is an eight dimensional sub‐critical background containing both an AdS_5 and an S^1 factor. Moreover, we mapped the gauge theory dilatation operator in the scalar sector to the Hamiltonian of a novel spin chain and addressed the question of its integrability. Continuing this line of research, we propose working towards further establishing this new paradigm of the N=2 superconfomal QCD. Moreover, by using the same tools, we propose searching for new, interesting for phenomenological applications, dual pairs. Finally, our intention is to apply these new AdS/CFT paradigms to phenomenologically related questions.

Keywords: string theory,field theory,supersymmetry,ads/cft,holography
Linking genotype to phenotype for the rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility locus 6q23: beyond genome wide association studies (GENTOPHEN)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: European Re-integration Grants
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2010-RG, 2010)
Start date: 2011-03-01
End date: 2014-02-28
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 45000.0
EU funding (EUR): 45000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, disabling, complex autoimmune disease with a strong genetic component. After the well known HLA-DRB1 and PTPN22 genetic loci, the next most strongly associated locus is an intergenic region on 6q23, 180 Kb from the candidate gene TNFAIP3. The causal variants and their functional effects have not been identified yet. The aim of this project is to identify all causal variants in the region and determine how they function to increase RA risk. The first step will be to understand the complete genetic architecture of the locus. I will use data from in-depth fine mapping and resequencing studies of the region, followed by case-control association studies to identify all associated variants including common and rare SNPs, CNVs and indels. Bioinformatic analysis will help to prioritize variants for subsequent functional characterization and will guide the design of experiments. Complementary to that, cDNA sequencing of the region will be undertaken to explore whether the intergenic region is truly noncoding or whether any hitherto undetected transcriptional activity is present. This will allow me to simultaneously determine the effect of different SNP alleles on the levels of expression by allele differential expression measurement. Since associated variants map a considerable distance from the candidate gene, I will test whether distant regulatory elements lie at the site of disease variants through chromosome conformation capture. Finally the mechanism by which variants disrupt transcriptional regulation will be elucidated by performing formaldehyde-assisted isolation of regulatory elements and chromatin immunoprecipitation. The outcome will be the identification of all causal variants in 6q23 and the elucidation of their functional role in the predisposition to RA. This will help to understand the aetiology of RA and autoimmunity and, potentially, to develop new therapeutic targets.

Keywords: health sciences,chronic diseases,population genetics,molecular genetics
Determinants of Alternative Food Networks and Exchanges (DAFNE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: European Re-integration Grants
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2010-RG, 2010)
Start date: 2011-03-01
End date: 2014-02-28
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 45000.0
EU funding (EUR): 45000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Changing consumers' and producers habits and preferences in favor of more sustainable-oriented foods can be (socially and privately) complex and costly. New institutional economics explain these dynamics by analyzing the choice of the “most cost-economizing” governance structure to carry out a transaction where credence attributes are involved. Consumption habits and/or production techniques for credence foods are adopted (as any other investment decisions) when a governance structure can ensure the minimization of the (production and transaction) costs associated with this change. The way different institutional settings or governance structures can influence the change of consumers and producers perceptions and preferences for credence foods is completely neglected. On the other hand behavioral economics underlines the role of status quo bias and framing in this type of decision making process. We use new institutional and behavioural economics arguments to conceptualize the emerging of a new governance structure in the domain of credence food transactions which we defined as food community network (FCN) .

Keywords: sustainable food habits,community network,new institututional and behavioral economics
Rational designing of new meganucleases as molecular scissors for genomic tailoring. (SMARTBREAKER)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Re-integration Grants
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2010-RG, 2010)
Start date: 2011-07-01
End date: 2014-06-30
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 75000.0
EU funding (EUR): 75000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Regenerative medicine using gene targeting by homologous recombination is one of the most powerful methods to achieve precise genome modifications. In the absence of double strand breaks the frequency of homologues recombination events at a target site is very low. A wide range of molecular tools are used to achieve targeting double strand breaks to increase the efficiency of homologues recombination. Meganucleases are a class of homing endonucleases that can recognize long DNA sequences with high specificity. This characteristic makes them one of the most promising tools to promote specific double strand breaks. Therefore the design of meganucleases able to recognize new DNA targets is emerging as a crucial area in the regenerative medicine. The huge effort of several labs has contributed to improve the designing process of new meganucleases. However, additonal efforts are urgently needed to understand the full potential of these proteins. The aim of this project is at first to deliver a more rational way to design meganucleases with new DNA specificity by incorporating in the designing stage DNA sequence-depended features that recently have been showed to influence protein binding, then deliver a library of engineered meganucleases able to recognize sequences of clinical interest and finally deliver new reagents to introduce such enzymes into iPS cells. All the findings will contribute to identify a potential new way to cure monogenic diseases and also build the bases to new therapeutic approach for multigenic disorder such as some types of leukemias and lymphomas. As a reintegration program and because of the collaborative nature of the proposal this action will support the candidate in returning to Europe and to take part in a new, vibrant and cutting-edge research field. The candidate will contribute to European research by using all the knowledge he has acquired during his experience in the USA.

Keywords: health sciences,biological sciences,genetic engineering,dna therapy,applied biology,molecular design,de novo design,structural biology,dna-protein modeling,homologous recombination,meganucleases