Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
DNA sequencing using helicase-modified alpha-hemolysin nanopores (HELIPORE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-04-16
End date: 2014-04-15
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 209033.4
EU funding (EUR): 209033.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Most of the current, second generation, methods for DNA sequencing are based on alternating cycles of enzyme manipulation and imaging the incorporation of fluorescently labeled nucleotides. These methods, however, hold several disadvantages, mainly the long duration of each sequencing experiment and the requirement for fluorescently labeled nucleotides and primer sequences. Tremendous efforts have been taken in order to develop cheap and ultra-fast sequencing systems. Specifically, the sequencing of single DNA molecules is of great importance, as no pre-amplification step and no labeled nucleotides are required. I intend to use biological nanometer-scale pores (alpha-hemolysin) modified with a DNA manipulating enzyme, a helicase, embedded in a membrane that separates two compartments, each contains an Ag/AgCl electrode, for the sequencing of single DNA molecules. Based on previous results, I expect that the ionic current, associated with DNA translocation through the nanopore, will exhibit a specific pattern for each nucleobase, allowing sequence determination. I intend to construct two different systems, in the first system the helicase will be soluble in the cis compartment, whereas in the second configuration the helicase will be attached to the nanopore via double stranded DNA linkers. The helicase enzyme will unwind double stranded DNA, form a ratchet-like movement of the DNA strand through the pore and control the pace of DNA translocation, leading to efficient sequencing.

Keywords: technological sciences,dna,analysis,nanopore,alpha-hemolysine,sensing,sequencing,proteins,nanotechnology,biotechnology
Cross-linguistic and Cross-population Verb Processing (CCVP)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IOF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-11-17
End date: 2015-11-16
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 222471.6
EU funding (EUR): 222471.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Verb processing is broadly described as being problematic in agrammatic aphasia, a medical consequence of left frontal hemisphere damage. Errors in verb processing are also observed in children with Specific Language Impairment, a developmental language learning disability. The aim of the present study, entitled “Cross-linguistic and Cross-population Verb Processing” is to collect and compare verb processing disorders in acquired (agrammatic) vs developmental (SLI) language disorders in order to determine whether they are of the same nature and to define the underlying reason for their similar symptomatologies. The data will be collected and analysed with a cross-linguistic perspective: in Basque, a language isolate which has rarely been studied in the context of language pathology, and French and Spanish, two romance languages that are part of the Indo-European family whose grammatical properties contrast with Basque (e.g. Basque is an ergative language, pro-drop with pluripersonal verb agreement, whereas French and Spanish are accusative languages with subject-verb agreement using subject and object clitics). This study will have an experimental and inductive approach by creating theoretically and linguistically based language tasks aimed at exploring the cognitive substrate of verb processing. Also, neuroimaging (event related potentials or ERPs) and eye-tracking methods will be developed to complement traditional elicitation and pen and paper tasks. In sum, the goal of this study is to contribute to research on the neurocognitive underpinnings of human language, with a specific focus on verb inflectional processing, while using the grammatical properties of Basque and their contrast with French and Spanish. The study of impaired vs normal verb processing in three languages with distinct morphological properties is particularly interesting for the exploration of neuropsychological bases of human grammar in general, and for morphological processing in particular.

Keywords: humanities,cognitive sciences,language disorders,agrammatism,linguistics,psycholinguistics,neurolinguistics,verb processing,inflection,argument structure,morphosyntax,basque,french,spanish
Studying Morphogenesis by building reaction-diffusion networks in gel bead arrays (MORPHOBEADS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-05-01
End date: 2014-04-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 183805.8
EU funding (EUR): 183805.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Living matter is characterized as operating far out of equilibrium, and most of the cellular non-equilibrium processes are organized in extremely complex networks. A visible demonstration of some networks is morphogenesis, which is the driving force for the formation of patterns in tissue. In this project I aim to systematically study the underlying physical and chemical components of morphogenesis in an artificial system. The main characteristics are coupling of chemical reaction and diffusion times, spatial inhomogeneities and positive or negative feedback loops. To achieve this goal, I will assemble an array of prototype ‘cells’ consisting of monodisperse microscopic gel beads produced using microfluidic devices. Within these gel beads, enzymatic reactions will take place to mimic intracellular signaling processes, while the product of the enzymatic reactions can diffuse from one bead to another, thereby resembling cell-cell communication. The enzymatic reactions chosen for my project are self-catalyzed proteolysis and kinase self-phosphorylation, both of which will generate positive feedback. A negative feedback loop will be introduced by using the peptidase cascade by hydrolysis of a pre-inhibitor, releasing a free inhibitor after cleavage. An analysis of the reaction diffusion profile is a novel method for measuring enzyme kinetics. As a spin-off from this project, I am interested to use a reaction-diffusion between two drops for the study of interaction of enzyme with inhibitors, in order to miniaturize and accelerate an inhibitor screening.

Keywords: molecular chemistry,macromolecular chemistry,chemical physics,reaction-diffusion network,dynamic self-assembly,turing pattern,morphogenesis,microfluidics,autocatalysis,trypsin
Applications of the AdS/CFT correspondence to particle physics and condensed matter systems (STRINGS MEET REALITY)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IOF, 2011)
Start date: 2013-12-01
End date: 2016-11-30
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 255453.0
EU funding (EUR): 255453.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This projects aims to gain new insight into field theory questions using gauge/gravity duality and if possible extend current field theory description using that insight. The first part of the project is devoted to recently descovered effects of anomalies in the framework of hydrodynamics. New metods based on kinetic theory will be developed to further understand this phenomenon and eventually applied to QCD and condensed matter systems. Moreover, a matrix model will be proposed with index structure related to anomalous flows. In the second part of the project some of the long-standing questions about turbulence in hydrodynamics will be reformulated in the language of fluid/gravity duality and later generalized to the case of superfluids.

Keywords: physical sciences,ads/cft correspondence,fluid/gravity duality,hydrodynamic,kinetic theory,heavy-ion collisions,condensed matter,anomalies
Functional Microporous Organic Polymers (FUNMOPS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-07-16
End date: 2014-07-15
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 167390.4
EU funding (EUR): 167390.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The project FunMOPs (Functional Microporous Organic Polymers) is the combination of the work developed by Dr. R. Dawson during his PhD on functionalised Microporous Organic Polymers (MOPs) and the pioneering work of the Prof. A. Thomas into the use of heterogeneous catalysis in porous organic and inorganic materials at the Technische Universität Berlin (TU Berlin). There has been much interest in the field of MOPs with most reports having applications in the area of gas storage and capture. This proposal aims to synthesise MOPs for use as hetergeneous catalysis using a novel Friedel-Crafts alkyation method with aromatic containg catalysts to produce high surface area materials. This simple method to synthesise MOPs as catalysts has advantages over materials as they will be composed of upto nearly 100 % catalyst. Further functionalities will also be incorporated into the structures of the MOPs to provide selectivity of one one reagent over another or to achieve multiple catalytic transformations using only one MOP.

Keywords: macromolecular chemistry,polymer chemistry,heterogeneous catalysis
Enhanced Climate Predictability involving the Subpolar gyre of the North Atlantic (ECLIPS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-06-01
End date: 2014-05-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 192622.2
EU funding (EUR): 192622.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The project proposed here aims at improving the dynamical understanding of the subpolar gyre circulation in the North Atlantic Ocean. The primary research tools are numerical modeling and state-of-the-art statistical and physical analyses. Advance in this field is important because the subpolar gyre is a key region for decadal climate variability and therefore related to many changes that impact human societies and economies in this region. Demand for improved decadal predictions has increased in recent years. Many research institutions are currently designing elaborate numerical prediction systems for climate services. However, the performance of climate models with respect to the subpolar gyre has not been investigated yet. Previous work suggests large differences in the simulated dynamics and variability, limiting the prediction skill. We propose the first time intercomparison of this circulation system in comprehensive climate models. Moreover, we will perform specifically designed experiments with coupled and uncoupled climate models to investigate how decadal climate variability is generated by atmosphere-ocean exchanges, and to quantify the importance of different physical fluxes and different regions. In order to make our results available and facilitate their application, they will be conceptualized in a mathematical model, a minimal prediction system. This mechanistic understanding complements large numerical prediction efforts at partner institutions. The project is motivated by a novel understanding of historic climate changes that the applicant developed during his doctoral studies. We will take this idea as a promising starting point, scrutinize the underlying dynamics and develop this approach into a useful model of climate variability. The applicant will receive complementary training in the necessary skills. He will also improve his educational and outreach skills for which the host is exceptionally well prepared.

Keywords: climate variability (climate change),physical oceanography,modelling tools
POPULATION REPLACEMENT OR CONTINUITY? A GENOMIC CONTRIBUTION TO THE NEOLITHISATION DEBATE (NEOLITHISATION)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Denmark
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IIF, 2011)
Start date: 2013-03-01
End date: 2015-02-28
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 238068.6
EU funding (EUR): 238068.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The Neolithisation, that is the transition from a hunter-gatherer form of life into farming, began transforming Europe around 10,000 BP. In current Denmark, an area central to our understanding of this process, the Mesolithic Ertebølle Culture maintained a hunter-gatherer lifestyle until replaced by the Neolithic farming practices of the Funnel Beaker Culture around 6000 BP. However, it is has been intensively debated for more than a century whether this cultural transition was facilitated by diffusion of ideas, or by a population replacement, where migrating farmers claimed the land of hunter-gatherers. In one of the most ambitious DNA sequencing efforts ever undertaken on ancient remains, this project aims to characterise the Neolithisation. Complete mitochondrial genomes and thousands of informative sites in the nuclear genome (SNPs) will be profiled from at least 60 individuals, covering the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in Denmark. This will result in a high-resolution, genome-wide survey of one of the most important and enigmatic events in human history. Importantly, sampling many individuals from a restricted geographic area provides a tight and powerful analytical framework in which to monitor micro-evolutionary shifts in the ancient human gene pool. By profiling functional SNPs (related to, for example, hair colour and lactose tolerance), physical traits in the population as a consequence of (possible) replacement can also be identified. Lastly, these genomic data will be analysed and interpreted in the context of stable isotopic profiles, 14C dates and tooth-wear analyses to generate a multi-facetted image of the Neolithisation. In addition to contributing with new information on our shared ancestral history as Europeans, this project will showcase the prolific scientific interactions between archaeologists and molecular biologists taking place these days, and ensure that Europe maintains its current position at the global forefront of aDNA research.

Keywords: population genetics,genomics,evolutionary biology,molecular evolution,ancient history,archaeology,history of agriculture
Generalized Hilbert space compression and coarse geometry of data sets (HILBERT COMPRESSION)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-10-01
End date: 2014-09-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 200371.8
EU funding (EUR): 200371.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Metric spaces, such as graphs, occur everywhere in mathematics and are used to model real life situations: in computer science e.g., they are used to model computer networks and in sociology, graphs are used to model interhuman relations. In order to study metric spaces, one can embed them into an object which one understands quite well. The information that we know on the latter object may then provide useful information on the embedded metric space. A Hilbert space is a well understood mathematical object which can be studied by algebraic techniques (it is a vector space, with an inner product), by analytic techniques (least square methods) and by many more tools. Around the 1990s, Gromov introduced the notion of metric spaces that `embed uniformly' into a Hilbert space. This relatively weak condition turned out to be connected with some major conjectures: it implies the coarse Baum-Connes and Novikov conjecture in the case of finitely generated groups. The equivariant version of uniform embeddability is Haagerup's property, a property with clear connections to the Baum-Connes conjecture and a subject of intense study. Guentner and Kaminker define the (equivariant) Hilbert space compression of a f.g. group as a number between 0 and 1 which quantifies how "well" the group embeds uniformly into a Hilbert space (is Haagerup respectively). Moreover, they showed that if the value of the (equivariant) compression is strictly greater than 1/2, then the group has Yu's property (A) (is amenable respectively). This shows that the compression notions contain important information on the group, making them very interesting to study. This Marie Curie project fits in this setting. We intend to study compression through new techniques such as persistent cohomology, determine the relations between compression and related properties such as Property A and amenability and apply compression in an interdisciplinary setting by using it to study data sets.

Keywords: geometric group theory,uniform embeddability,haagerup property,hilbert space compression,quantifications of properties
Evolution of plant resistance to virus infection (ERVIR)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-05-01
End date: 2014-04-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 168896.4
EU funding (EUR): 168896.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Understanding host-pathogen co-evolution is crucial for the management of infectious diseases, as it is at the root of phenomena such as pathogen emergence, host switch and host range expansion, including the overcoming of host resistance, and the composition and dynamics of ecosystems. Plant diseases, have an important impact on people’s quality of life which can be extended to major health, ecological, socio-economical and political consequences, comparable to the most devastating human or animal diseases. However, fewer methods are available to control plant diseases, particularly those caused by viruses. During the last decades, the research on host-pathogen interactions has been done independently (i) on molecular mechanisms of host resistance to pathogens and pathogen adaptation, and (ii) on theoretical analyses of the population genetics of virulence in pathogen populations, and of the resistance in host populations, resulting in two major models of host-pathogen co-evolution: the gene-for-gene (GFG) and the matching-allele (MA) models. This project aims to bridge the fields of population and molecular biology in order to take the research on host-pathogen interactions beyond the present state of the art by providing experimental evidence based on molecular biology approaches of the predictions of theoretical models widely accepted among pathologists. For this, the evolutionary dynamics of resistance genes to tobamoviruses and potyviruses will be analysed at the local population level in the wild pepper Capsicum annuum var. aviculare populations, the wild ancestor of domestic C. annuum. Dominant resistance to tobamoviruses has the traits of GFG systems, while recessive resistance to potyviruses conforms to a MA system. The proposal seeks to have a holistic view of the evolution of plant-virus interaction using a multidisciplinary approach, and results will contribute to understanding host-pathogen co-evolution within a broader context than plant pathology.

Keywords: crop protection,plant-virus coevolution,dominant and recessive plant resistance genes,virus,gene-for-gene and matching allele models,population genetic,selective pressures,protein-protein interactions
Urban Regeneration Governance for Smart, Sustainable and Inclusive Cities: An International Comparison of France and the UK (GOV_SSI)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-09-01
End date: 2014-08-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 269096.4
EU funding (EUR): 269096.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This proposal aims to support the career development of an experienced researcher, through an interdisciplinary research project that addresses a crucial policy issue of the 21st century, that of urban governance. The research will take an innovative approach to exploring governance of urban regeneration projects in two member states, France and the UK, being examples of countries with contrasting institutional, economic, social and cultural traditions in relation to government and governance. Using an innovative multidisciplinary theoretical framework, the scientific objectives of the research are: to critically analyse mechanisms for urban regeneration governance, including the interaction of private, public and civil society actors; to analyse the impact of these local governance mechanisms in contributing to a more sustainable city in the wider sense, in terms of economic competitiveness, environmental sustainability and social inclusion: that is, the city's objectives of being ‘smart, sustainable and inclusive’ (SSI); and to provide policy and research recommendations from the project for dissemination to a wide audience. The host institution for the researcher is the Triangle Laboratory, based at the Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon. The Laboratory provides the ideal host for the project, offering a strong multidisciplinary environment, a network of international contacts, and an outstanding track record of training researchers. The research training objectives of the proposal are to train the fellow in a new methodology, discourse analysis, which she will then apply to the research; to complement the researcher’s knowledge of urban governance in the UK with in-depth understanding of the case in France, and thus to develop a cross-national comparative perspective; to participate in seminars and other events organised by the Laboratory; and to interact and collaborate with international scholars from different disciplines in areas of mutual interest.

Keywords: urban regeneration,urban governance,urban geography