Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Global-Local Methods in Representation Theory (GLORY)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG, 2011)
Start date: 2012-04-01
End date: 2016-03-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Symmetry phenomena are well known to play a remarkable role in mathematics and its applications to chemistry, physics, and many other branches of natural sciences. It is, therefore, important to develop mathematical models to analyze symmetries in a unified way. Group theory provides such models in form of permutation representations, that is, groups acting on sets. After linearizing, these actions gain more structure, which can be encoded in matrices, facilitating both abstract investigations and concrete calculations. A natural question to ask then is, how far global properties of such linear representations of some complicated group are determined locally by better behaved subgroups. All of these are objectives of representation theory. The proposed project will contribute to this central problem of understanding the interplay of global and local representation theory. It aims, in particular, at gaining new evidence for the long-standing conjectures of Broue and Feit, and at developing methods to subsequently attack these in greater generality. This will be achieved by a combination of very classical methods from representation theory and homological algebra, powerful up-to-date methods from computational algebra, and the promising novel concept of bisets and double Burnside rings. Since the proposed project addresses a wide range of cutting-edge problems that are of great interest to representation theorists, and moreover, have applications to related areas of mathematics as well, it carries a high potential for long-term cooperations with further research groups in Europe, and worldwide. Consequently, it comprises knowledge transfer within and into the EU, the introduction of a novel research approach, and the long-term integration of a high-potential researcher into the European science community.

Keywords: algebra,representation theory,block theory,symmetric groups,double burnside ring
High precision flavour physics using lattice QCD (HPFPLATTICEQCD)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG, 2011)
Start date: 2012-02-01
End date: 2016-01-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The Standard Model (SM) of particle physics has been supported by experiment for four decades. Ongoing high energy experiments in the LHC at CERN and the Tevatron at Fermilab are pursuing the last missing element of experimental support, the discovery and measurement of the Higgs boson. Nevertheless, at the edge of the experimental program hints of possible divergence from theory have appeared, especially in the area of flavour physics, the phenomenology (interactions and mixings) of the six types or flavours of quarks and leptons. Furthermore, the inability of the Standard Model to provide an explanation for certain phenomena such as the amount of matter-antimatter asymmetry in the Universe, or the hierarchical values of the masses and couplings strengths of fermions, has led most physicists to believe that the Standard Model is only an effective theory, that is, an approximation to an yet undiscovered, more fundamental theory. So it is that even if the existence and characteristics of the Standard Model Higgs boson are experimentally verified (recent reports are not promising), experiments at hitherto unattained energies and levels of precision will continue to be required to elucidate the phenomena that are beyond the Standard Model(BSM). Currently there is a large experimental program providing flavour physics data in Europe, USA, and Asia: BaBar, Belle, Tevatron, CLEO; the newer LHCb and NA62 at CERN, BES-III in Beijing, and KLOE-2 in Frascati; and the forthcoming Belle-II and J-PARC in Japan. The ever-increasing precision of data from such experiments requires a commensurate increase in the accuracy of the predictions derived from theory. Development of new, as well as continued refinement of existing, lattice QCD methods is required to attain theoretical predictions with such levels of precision. The research program described in this proposal is focused directly on this need.

Keywords: particle physics,flavour physics,lattice gauge theories,effective field theories,phenomenology
Regulation of pol-eta by phosphorylation, ubiquitination and SUMOylation (TLSCHECK)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Italy
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG, 2011)
Start date: 2012-03-01
End date: 2016-02-29
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Xeroderma pigmentosum variant (XPV) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder that results in enhancced predisposition to skin cancers. XPV results from a defect in the translesion synthesis (TLS) polymerase poleta. TLS allows bypass of unrepaired damage permitting completion of replication. Poleta is phosphorylated and ubiquitinated and can interact with ubiquitin and SUMO, two post-translational modifications that are important in a number of DNA repair pathways, via multiple domains. Mutants in those domains show a defect in DNA damage checkpoint activation, pointing out an unexpected connection between TLS and one of the DNA damage surveillance mechanisms. TLS is regulated by ubiquitination of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). While PCNA ubiquitination is essential for TLS, new evidence suggests that is not needed for the initial recruitment of the polymerases to chromatin. The objective of this proposal is to identify how poleta’s function is modulated by interaction of a number of unknown factors with its different domains, ensuring both its recruitment when needed and its inhibition when its action would be deleterious for normal replication. I propose to dissect the checkpoint activation cascade to unveil the role of poleta in this pathway, analyze known factors involved in both the ubiquitination and SUMOylation pathways and to conduct a proteomic study of poleta to identify novel interactors which will be assayed for TLS functionality in vivo. Insight into the function of a core cancer protection pathway, plus the potential identification of new and important partners controlling poleta will lead to finding new diagnostically relevant biomarkers for XPV patients in whom mutations in poleta have not been found. In the long-term, Y-family polymerases are likely candidate targets for synthetic lethality strategies in cancer treatment and thus a mechanistic understanding of their function will be essential to designing rational therapies.

Keywords: cancerogenesis,dna damage,translesion synthesis,genome instability,dna repair,ubiquitin,sumo,post-translational modification,in vivo imaging,mass spectrometry,cell cycle
Role of LINE-1 retrotransposons in the human disease DiGeorge Syndrome (L1-DIGEORGESYNDROME)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG, 2011)
Start date: 2012-06-01
End date: 2016-11-21
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Long INterspersed Element 1 (LINE-1s or L1s) is a highly abundant retrotransposon comprising 17% of the human genome. Most L1s are retrotransposition defective, but there are approximately 100 full-length active L1s (RC-L1s) in an average human genome. The activity of RC-L1s impacts the human genome in a myriad of ways, and several human diseases have been caused by the activity of L1s. The Drosha-DGCR8 complex (microprocessor) has a well-characterized role in microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis. DGCR8 contains two double-stranded RNA binding motifs that recognize the RNA substrate, whereas Drosha functions as the endonuclease. The microprocessor complex process pri-miRNAs that are further processed by Dicer in the cytoplasm to generate the mature miRNAs, which participate in several biological processes. In work I conducted as a post-doctoral fellow, we demonstrated that the microprocessor complex regulate LINE-1. Briefly, we demonstrated that the microprocessor complex could process primary transcripts resembling the 5’UTR of RC-L1s. Using a cell based L1 retrotransposition assay, we also observed that the microprocessor complex negatively regulates L1 mobilization. Thus, these results suggest that the microprocessor complex may act to regulate L1 retrotransposition, as a defender of human genome integrity. Notably, the human disease DiGeorge Syndrome (DGS) is characterized by the loss of the human gene DGRC8. Briefly, DGS affects between 1/2000 and 1/4000 live births, and most importantly it is one of the most common causes of mental retardation. The disease affects many parts of the human body (birth defects, learning disabilities, and recurrent infections). The Garcia-Perez lab has established that L1s are expressed and mobilized during early stages of human embryonic development. In the current Research Project, we aim to establish a human model of DGS using induced pluripotent stem cells, to determine the role of L1 in the pathogenesis DGS.

Keywords: retrotranposition,line-1,digeorge sindrome,microprocessor,ipscs,hescs,biological sciences,molecular genetics
Knowing the enemy: unravelling a novel regulatory system involved in bacterial virulence (CSS AND VIRULENCE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG, 2011)
Start date: 2012-04-01
End date: 2016-03-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The emergence and increasing prevalence of bacterial strains resistant to antibiotics demand the discovery of new therapeutic approaches. Inhibition of pathogenesis by targeting bacterial virulence represents a promising alternative for antimicrobial therapy. A central requirement of bacterial virulence is the ability to tightly regulate virulence genes in response to host signals. Besides the two-component regulatory system, cell-surface signaling (CSS) represents an important mechanism by which bacteria respond to the medium. However, whereas regulation by two-component systems has been studied in great detail, little emphasis has been on CSS regulation, although it offers great potential for the development of antimicrobial compounds. In this project I propose to characterize a novel CSS regulatory system (PUMA3) which I recently discovered and that triggers the production of Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factors in response to a (human) host signal. P. aeruginosa is a major human opportunistic pathogen causing infections in hospitalized patients. It is also the main cause of death of patients suffering from cystic fibrosis. Due to its natural resistance to antibiotics and its ability to acquire such resistance, P. aeruginosa infections are often difficult to treat. The P. aeruginosa PUMA3 system consists of an extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factor, a sigma factor regulator in the cytoplasmic membrane, and a receptor. Presence of an inducing signal results in the activation of the sigma factor, which binds to the RNA polymerase and promotes the transcription of a specific set of virulence genes. Induction of PUMA3 increases P. aeruginosa virulence. In this project I will characterize this novel regulatory system in detail, identify the inducing conditions and study variants in other Gram-negative pathogens. Moreover, a high-throughput screen will be developed to target ECF sigma factors in order to find new drugs that prevent P. aeruginosa virulence.

Keywords: medical microbiology,pseudomonas aeruginosa,virulence,gene regulation,cell-surface signaling,antimicrobial therapy
DEVELOPMENT AND EVOLUTION OF TISSUE COMPLEXITY IN PLANTS: THE BRASSICACEAE STEM CELL DEVELOPMENT (BRASSTEMCELLEVO)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG, 2011)
Start date: 2012-03-01
End date: 2016-02-29
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The formation of the plant body requires the assembly of different tissue systems in an organized pattern to make organs. The aim of this project is to understand how the formation of complex tissue systems is genetically regulated and how has been acquired during plant evolution. A preliminary analysis of the variation in ground tissue anatomies in different species across the Brassicaceae has showed a remarkable diversity of ground tissue phenotypes in this family. We intend to use this diversity to investigate the developmental and evolutionary mechanisms underlying tissue complexity in plants. We will compare the ground tissue organization of A. thaliana with two other Brassicaceae species, Cardamine hirsuta and Thellungiella halophila. The double layered cortex of these species gives us the opportunity of studying the developmental basis of the formation of a multi-layered cortex. T. halophila is one of the few examples of plants that form a double endodermis. This project will try to uncover the molecular mechanism underlying this almost unique ground tissue organization. Our hypothesis is that similar key regulatory genes will regulate the formation of complex and simple ground tissue systems in this family and that changes in their patterns of expression are responsible for the differences that arise between species. To check this hypothesis we will analyse the expression, function and molecular differences of the orthologous genes of three ground tissue A. thaliana transcription factors, SCHIZORIZA, SHORTROOT and SCARECROW. To identify new genetic components of this process we will generate mutagenized populations and search for mutants with defective ground tissue phenotypes and will compare transcriptional profiles between species. Finally, the analysis of the correlation between specific habitats and ground tissue characteristics in different species of the family will allow us to assess the adaptive value of this developmental trait in the Brassicaceae.

Keywords: natural sciences plant development,root development,tissue complexity,stem cell development,plant evolution,comparative genomics,brassicaceae genetics,meristem development,gene regulatory ne
Mechanical pathways in cells: from molecular mechanisms to cell function (MECPATH)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG, 2011)
Start date: 2012-09-01
End date: 2016-08-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

How cells detect and respond to mechanical stimuli from their surroundings determines key processes in development, tumor formation and wound healing. However, while some molecules have been identified to possess mechanosensing capabilities, the molecular mechanical links by which cells withstand, transmit and detect forces remain unknown. In an analogy to the well-known concept of molecular biochemical pathways, we define this biophysical network of mechanical links as “molecular mechanical pathways”. We hypothesize that the molecules most likely to be directly experiencing forces applied from the extracellular matrix, which are the proteins that link extracellular matrix (ECM) receptors (integrins) to the actin cytoskeleton, are key components of these pathways. To our knowledge, only four such proteins, possessing binding sites to both integrins and actin, have been identified. These are talin, alpha-actinin, filamin, and tensin. I thus propose an interdisciplinary project aimed at identifying how talin, alpha-actinin, filamin, and tensin form the dynamic molecular pathways that communicate cells mechanically with their environment. In objective 1, a novel magnetic tweezers device and Atomic Force Microscopy will be employed study the role of these proteins in detecting, withstanding, and transmitting forces from the ECM. In objective 2 dynamic force protocols will be employed to determine the impact of real-life constantly changing cellular forces on these mechanical pathways. In objective 3, the molecular mechanisms behind these pathways will be elucidated by combining Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) microscopy with AFM and observing how mechanical stimuli regulate protein stretching and binding. While the methods proposed and scientific questions addressed present important challenges, a robust interdisciplinary expertise in the techniques involved and a solid achievement record in the field support the feasibility of the project.

Keywords: biomechanics,molecular biophysics,cell biology
DEVELOPMENT OF NANO-POROUS MATERIALS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF VACUUM INSULATION PANELS (VIPs) (NANOPOROUSVIP)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Türkiye
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG, 2011)
Start date: 2012-03-01
End date: 2016-02-29
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Vacuum insulation panels (VIPs) offer extremely high thermal resistances properties combined with small thickness that can enhance the energy efficiency of the insulating systems and provide savings in energy consumption. They are generally made with porous core materials wrapped, under vacuum, in airtight films. In the construction of VIP, core materials play a crucial role in thermal performance and mechanical properties of the insulation system. Commonly used core material is fumed silica with nanoporous structure. Core materials with higher porosity and smaller pore size have the greater ability to maintain lower thermal conductivity. However, high product costs are the main obstacle for a broader penetration of the VIPs technology into many applications like cold appliances and building insulations. The main objective of the proposal is to develop cost effective novel nanoporous core materials that can be used as core insulation filler in VIPs, which will help for the widespread usage of this technology for applications in cold appliances and/or building insulations. The nanoporous inorganic materials will be developed using triblock self-assembled polymers (Pluronic® F127) as structure directing compounds. Pluronic forms nano-size micelles and have polar OH end groups that when assembled as a surface can provide slightly negatively charged sites for nucleation of the inorganic phase. After the coating of the nano-size polymeric micelles with the inorganic phase, a porous structure will be obtained when the polymer is removed from the inorganic-polymer composite by calcination. Then, VIP prototypes will be produced with the developed porous core materials and thermal performance at the different vacuum levels will be measured. It is aimed to develop VIP with thermal conductivity of less than 4 mW/m.K. The refrigerator prototypes will also be produced by the integration of the VIPs and various tests with regard to performance and heat losses will be performed.

Keywords: vacuum insulated panels (vips),porous materials,inorganic materials,thermal conductivity,energy savings,self-assembled block copolymers,micelles,template.
Judicial Accountability in New Europe (JANE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Czechia
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG, 2011)
Start date: 2012-09-01
End date: 2014-08-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 50000.0
EU funding (EUR): 50000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This research project deals with mechanisms of judicial accountability in Central and Eastern Europe and the impact of introducing a judicial council on the use of these mechanisms. However, these issues cannot be studied in the abstract. For this reason, the project examines the use of mechanisms of judicial accountability in the Czech Republic and Slovakia as well as the impact of introducing the Judicial Council of Slovak Republic on the use of these mechanisms. The empirical part of the project is built around four central hypotheses. First, in both countries the executive branch and/or the court presidents are dominant “accounting agents” (principals) of judges, whereas the public is a marginal “accounting agent” (principal) of judges. Second, in both countries mechanisms of judicial accountability that allow the dominant “accounting agents” to hold judges to account are preferred to other available mechanisms of judicial accountability. Third, in both countries de facto judicial accountability significantly differs from de iure judicial accountability. Fourth, introduction of a judicial council in Slovakia enhanced overall judicial accountability, enhanced accountability of judges to their respective court presidents, and increased the gap between de facto judicial accountability and de iure judicial accountability. The project is divided into three parts. Part I defines the notion of judicial accountability, identifies mechanisms of judicial accountability and provides a typology of models of the court administration in Europe. Parts II focuses exclusively on the Czech Republic and Slovakia and tests the four hypotheses mentioned above. It first identifies the mechanisms of judicial accountability employed by each country between 1993 and 2010 and subsequently measures them against to the criteria developed earlier in the chapter. Part III looks beyond the borders of the Czech Republic and Slovakia and addresses the broader normative implications.

Keywords: judicial law,comparative law,european law,history of law,political economy,eu policies,human rights,constitutional law,administrative law