Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Cell of origin/Leukemia Initiating Cell in infant Pro-B MLL-AF4+ ALL (MODELING MLL-AF4 ALL)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-05-01
End date: 2018-07-01
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

Infant pro-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) carrying the fusion oncogene MLL-AF4 is associated with very brief latency and dismal prognosis. Recent studies have revealed an in utero origin of MLL-AF4 but the nature of the target cell for transformation in the embryo/fetus is unknown. Because of the mixed phenotype and the presence of MLL-AF4 in both lymphoid and myeloid lineages, hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) are likely targets for transformation. The absence of bona fide disease models reflects our very poor understanding of the etiology, pathogenesis, cell of origin and secondary oncogenic events of this leukemia. Here it is proposed to create a murine model for infant MLL-AF4+ pro-B ALL using lentiviral transduction of MLL-AF4 or AF4-MLL in HSPCs at different developmental stages: aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM), fetal liver (FL) and neonatal BM. These HSCs can be harvested from a novel BAC transgenic reporter mouse model that based on Vwf-EGFP expression divides multipotent adult HSCs, homogeneous by thus far characterized phenotypes, into two prospectively isolatable subsets: vWF+ HSCs (with platelet/myeloid-biased output) and vWF− HSCs (with lymphoid-biased output). Here, primary lymphoid-biased vWF− HSCs will be used to stably express the oncoproteins and then injected into lethally irradiated hosts. For the first time, we will exploit a model that deciphers HSC heterogeneity to study the transformation capacity of leukemogenic oncoproteins in a specific HSC subset.

Keywords: infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia,mouse modeling,lymphoid-biased hematopoietic stem cells
How does Nitric Oxide (NO) regulate crop pathogen virulence? (NO CROP PATHOGEN)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Ireland
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-03-01
End date: 2018-10-12
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Fungal pathogens cause disease in important cereal and horticultural crop plants dramatically reducing yields and quality. Preventing fungal disease in crop plants would ensure global food security and reduce agricultural inputs with respect to fungicide application. Following the recognition of microbial attack both plants and animals produce a nitric oxide (NO) burst which is directly antimicrobial. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying how NO inhibits pathogen growth, in particular with regards to fungal pathogens. During plant infection fungal pathogens secrete virulence proteins (effectors) to suppress the immune response and alter host metabolism. There is emerging evidence that NO targets and alters these secreted effectors. NO is able to post-translationally modify proteins by reacting with specific cysteine residues to form an S-nitrosothiol (SNO), subsequently controlling protein activity and function. This project aims to investigate the influence NO has on fungal crop pathogens during attempted infection of the plant host. The mechanisms that these pathogens might use in order to detoxify NO to avoid its antimicrobial effects will be identified and investigated. Pathogen effectors that are S-nitrosylated during infection will be identified and the impact on virulence elucidated. Understanding the role NO has on pathogenic fungi during attempted colonisation of the plant host will allow new broad spectrum resistance strategies to be developed to control these important crop pathogens.

Keywords: nitric oxide,fungal,crop,pathogen,s-nitrosylation,s-nitrosothiols,effector,secreted,virulence.
Twistor Strings, Scattering Amplitudes and Holography (TSSAH)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-04-01
End date: 2018-03-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Recent years have seen a revolution in our understanding of the S-matrix of Yang-Mills theory. An even richer structure is expected to await us in gravity, but at present the gravitational S-matrix is much less well understood than its Yang-Mills counterpart. This project will investigate the beautiful and highly geometric properties of the gravitational S-matrix. It will develop the twistor string description of maximal supergravity discovered by the Researcher. This will involve i) extending the twistor string to higher genus worldsheets, so as to compute loop corrections to n-particle gravitational amplitudes with arbitrary external helicities, ii) generalising it to less supersymmetric gravities that may be coupled to matter, by orbifolding the fermionic directions of the target space and iii) broadening the class of space-times to which it applies by considering non-degenerate Poisson structures on twistor space, allowing for the computation of multi-point boundary correlation functions in AdS. In addition, the project will treat knowledge of gravitational amplitudes as `theoretical data' to guide the construction of an holographic theory of gravity on null infinity at the boundary of asymptotically flat space-time. This will involve i) an explicit construction of the S-matrix in terms of data at null infinity, ii) developing an understanding of how the (extended) Bondi-Metzner-Sachs group acts on this S-matrix and iii) building on the formulation of twistor strings with manifest parity invariance to create a theory of gravity that lives on holomorphic curves in (the complexification of) null infinity.

Keywords: twistors,scattering amplitudes,quantum field theory,string theory,hidden structures in gravity and yang-mills
Sharing the Pain? Mass Politics and the Policy Responses to the Financial Crisis (CRISIS_POLITICS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-04-01
End date: 2018-03-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Facing a financial crisis of historic proportions, the specter of European economies defaulting has become a tangible and threatening possibility. With citizens' claims on welfare programs rising and a sharp drop in tax collection, governments across Europe have advanced a set of major policies aimed at addressing ballooning deficits. Two policies in particular –far reaching fiscal austerity programs and the advancement of large-scale international bailouts – have dominated much the public debate and divided electorates over the desired response to the crisis. What explains variation in voters' position on these contentious policies? Are the cleavages among the electorate a reflection of the distributive impacts of the policies, an outcome of divergent beliefs among individuals about the sources and consequences of the crisis, or perhaps a reflection of long-standing partisan attachments? Despite the prominent role of public opinion in the crisis, scholarly research has overwhelmingly focused on the economic merits of governments' policy responses, but not on their political repercussions. My research addresses this gap by studying the individual-level and policy-specific factors that shape mass opinion on government responses to the crisis, particularly on fiscal austerity measures and international bailouts: what information do citizens possess about the crisis, who they blame for its unfolding, what type of policies are they willing to support and why – these are key questions the project will investigate. To do so, I will field surveys in five countries central to the Eurozone crisis, including both donor and recipients of the international bailout fund. The surveys include a set of embedded experiments as well as a panel component, and will provide uniquely rich data for analysis. The project seeks to provide the most thorough and empirically systematic account of how and why electorates in Europe are divided over the desired policy responses to the crisis.

Keywords: political responses to the financial crisis,public opinion on international bailouts,austerity,fiscal consolidation
Simplifying the non-planar sector of gauge theory. (NONPLANAR)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-10-01
End date: 2018-09-30
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

In recent years, there has been considerable progress on our understanding of scattering amplitudes in the planar limit of gauge theory. The non-planar parts of the theory have seen much less progress. However, some new ideas indicate that information from the planar sector is sufficient to determine properties of the full, non-planar theory when combined with a new class of Jacobi identities. As an example, it is possible to construct the integrand of the complete, four-loop four-point scattering amplitude in maximally supersymmetric gauge theory in four dimensions using only planar data, and the solution of a linear system of Jacobi identities. The aim of this proposal is to establish a research group at the University of Edinburgh which will investigate relations between the planar and non-planar sectors.

Keywords: quantum field theory,scattering amplitudes,gauge theory
Why do states seek international organization approval for military intervention? (WHY_SEEK_IO_APPROVAL)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-09-10
End date: 2018-03-09
Duration (months): 42.0
Total project cost (EUR): 87500.0
EU funding (EUR): 87500.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Why do states nowadays typically seek multilateral approval from relevant international organizations (IOs) like the United Nations, NATO, or the African Union before intervening militarily abroad? To-date, research on this question has largely focused on the USA. The proposed study will expand the analysis beyond the USA, by systematically investigating for the first time why different types of states now generally seek IO approval for their military interventions. In particular, this study will compare the post-Cold War intervention policies of France, Italy, and Nigeria, as well as (to a lesser degree) Great Britain, Russia, and the USA. These are the states that have intervened most frequently in the post-Cold War period; and they have typically (though not always) sought IO approval before doing so. The preliminary hypothesis motivating this project is that different types of states might seek IO approval for different reasons, depending on factors such as their material capabilities and the degree of parliamentary control over national defense policy. To more fully explain why different types of states seek IO approval, the applicant intends to develop an explanatory typological model (Elman 2005), based on a structured-focused comparison of relevant cases of military intervention by the aforementioned states (George and Bennett 2004). Data for the proposed analysis will be derived primarily from semi-structured interviews that the applicant plans to conduct with senior foreign policy officials, with the help of a research assistant. The applicant has ample experience with the proposed data-collection technique from his doctoral research carried out at Columbia University in the USA, where he interviewed over 100 senior U.S. government officials. The award of a Marie Curie CIG will be essential to the implementation of the project, and it will crucially improve the applicant’s career prospects and facilitate his long-term professional integration in the ERA.

Keywords: international relations,political science,security studies,military intervention,foreign policy analysis,multilateralism,united nations.
Specification of Root Vascular Pattern in Monocots (ROOTVASC)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-03-01
End date: 2018-02-28
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The vascular tissues provide the main transport system for water and sugars in all higher plants and therefore may represent an important trait that can be manipulated in crop plants. I have already made significant contributions towards understanding how vascular pattern is set in the model plant Arabidopsis through identifying new genetic components and developing a multiscale computational model to simulate vascular patterning in silico. Arabidopsis has a simple vascular pattern with just two xylem poles. In comparison rice has between 5-8 xylem poles. In this proposal I will refine our existing Arabidopsis model and use it as a platform to translate our knowledge of vascular patterning in Arabidopsis to different species. This will provide an understanding of how similar molecular circuits can be adapted to provide alternative patterns in other species. It will also allow me to “design” changes in the vascular pattern of crop plants and investigate whether these have the potential to introduce changes in the way plants use water.

Keywords: plant science,developmental biology,hormone signalling,vascular patterning,computational modelling,auxin,cytokinin
Low-valent main-group systems for reversible small molecule activation (MAINGROUPACT)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-03-01
End date: 2018-02-28
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Catalysis is a pivotal technology in today’s society, enabling efficient access to complex molecular architectures. Metal-catalysed processes such as Pd-catalysed cross couplings or olefin metathesis are fundamental in synthetic and industrial chemistry. Many of these processes use scarce (and correspondingly expensive) metals. The scarcity of these metals - and the potential for geopolitical instabilities in their supply - has prompted the EU and national governments to call for efforts to find alternative technologies that decrease our reliance on these rare resources. In the search for replacements for metal catalysts, low-valent compounds of the heavier p-block elements present a potential solution. This proposal seeks to develop the recent breakthroughs in small molecule activation by low-valent main group species, providing the ‘building blocks’ of reactivity for future transition-metal style catalysis by these compounds. I propose a research programme which targets the systematic synthesis of unsaturated main group compounds that can mimic the reactivity of transition metals. Novel compounds possessing closely-spaced frontier orbitals will be prepared. Currently unknown species containing Al=Al and P=B double bonds will be targeted, because of their expected high reactivity with small molecules. The reactivity of these compounds with H2, CO, CO2, alkenes and alkynes will be probed. The systems are designed to exhibit reversible reactivity. Requested in support of my appointment for a five year term as a Chancellor’s Fellow in the School of Chemistry at the University of Edinburgh, the award of a Marie Curie CIG would provide resources ensuring a strong start to my career. In particular, the grant would fund one PhD student and facilitate the work of a second, funded by Edinburgh. Funds are also allocated to consumables, equipment, and travel to enable dissemination of results, and the initiation of collaborations allowing knowledge transfer.

Keywords: inorganic chemistry,organometallic chemistry,main group chemistry,low coordinate,low-valent,small molecule activation
REGULATION OF TRANSCRIPTION (REGTRANS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-04-01
End date: 2018-03-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

During the first step of gene expression, RNA Polymerase (RNAP) transcribes RNA from a DNA template in every living cell. Crystal structures of RNAP core as well as RNAP elongation complexes (ECs) have revolutionized our understanding of transcription. This groundwork paved the way for more complex questions addressing the regulation of transcription. Because of its fundamental role, transcriptional regulation has an impact on every aspect of biology including a growing list of human diseases. Thus, a detailed and mechanistic understanding is crucial and this is the area where the work proposed here will contribute. A combination of biochemistry and structural approaches (primarily X-ray crystallography) will be used to gain detailed understanding on the regulation of transcription by protein factors and non-coding RNAs. To complement the structural and biochemical results, Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) studies will be used to study the dynamics of RNAP during processes that regulate transcription such as transcriptional pausing. The FRET assay will also be used to test hypotheses regarding the recognition of errors made by RNA polymerase.

Keywords: regulation of transcription,rna polymerase,transcription factors,crystallography,fret,structural biology
Multi-Robot Systems (MULTI-ROBOT)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-03-01
End date: 2018-02-28
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The study of multi-robot systems originated from work on distributed robotics in the 1980s and has since promised powerful applications that still have to come to their full realization. The impact that even current technology applied as a multi-robot system can have is aptly demonstrated by the innovations pushed forward by Kiva Systems. These are revolutionizing the automation of warehouses across the U.S. and were acquired by Amazon.com for $775M. This example merely scratches the surface of what is possible with multi-robot systems whose study greatly benefits from a rigorous interdisciplinary approach at the intersection of robotics, control theory, artificial intelligence, and human-robot interaction. The overarching objective of the proposed work is to provide a scientific and practical foundation for the design of multi-robot systems through an application-centric and interdisciplinary approach. The chosen application domains are search and logistics and contributions include the design of models, formal analysis, design and implementation of algorithms, as well as building, testing, and evaluating real systems with human operators. Innovations include multi-objective optimization for adaptive multi-robot coordination in complex environments and the application of crowd-sourcing in combination with cognitive modeling to multi-robot systems. The purpose of this grant application is to enable the realization of the applicant's overall research agenda and support the foundation of a new interdisciplinary research laboratory concerned with the design of multi-robot systems. This laboratory will enable the successful long-term integration of the applicant into the European research community and solidify his international network. The laboratory is anticipated to lead to practical systems but also to have profound impact on the study of cognition in complex systems consisting of the most powerful cognitive agents, robots and humans.

Keywords: autonomous robotics,multi-robot systems,cooperative robotics,multi-agent systems,human-robot interaction,cognitive modeling,hybrid systems,graph-theory,guaranteed search