Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Extreme ultraviolet and X-ray spectroscopy to understand dynamics beyond the Born Oppenheimer Approximation (XBEBOA)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IOF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-04-03
End date: 2015-04-02
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 264112.5
EU funding (EUR): 264112.5
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The Born Oppenheimer approximation (BOA) simplifies the electron-nuclear interaction by separation of their motion and is one of the milestones in the development of quantum physics and computational chemistry during the first half of the last century. Yet, in order to properly describe many chemical reactions, it is necessary to go beyond the BOA. Our research objective is to probe the electronic change in metal carbonyls during the passage of a conical intersection with ultrafast pulses in the extreme ultraviolet and soft x-ray range. The transitions induced by the highly energetic photons happen between an atomic core level of atoms inside a molecule and the molecular valence levels. Because of the spatially narrow core level, the transition is highly localized within an Angstrom or even less. Furthermore, the probe transition is element selective since the edges are markedly different for different elements. Equipped with this temporal and unprecedented spatial resolution, we will be able to advance the experimental the state-of-the-art and gain insight into the intricacies of non-BOA processes. The metal carbonyls under study have similarities with active centers in respiration and photosynthesis, and with the building blocks used for solar energy conversion, molecular electronics, magnetic data storage, light emitting diodes, dynamic cancer phototherapy and other subjects. This proposal has therefore a truly interdisciplinary basis and we believe that the lesson to be learned and the tools to be developed in the frame of this work will be fruitful in many fields such as physics, optics, materials science, chemistry, and biology.

Keywords: reaction mechanisms ands dynamics,photochemistry,non-born-oppenheimer process,x-ray,ultraviolet
On the Chemical Evolution of Proto-Bioenergetic Systems (EVO-PBS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IIF, 2011)
Start date: 2013-10-01
End date: 2015-09-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 200371.8
EU funding (EUR): 200371.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Contemporary biochemistry exploits condensed polyphosphates (e.g.: adenosine triphosphate, ATP) to drive metabolic processes. However, it is unlikely that such molecules emerged a priori from an abiotic environment as their synthesis and use requires the presence of sophisticated & complex protein catalysts. We propose that more primitive P-based chemicals pre-dated ATP, chemicals which (i) emerged readily from prebiotic environments, (ii) were capable of performing valuable (in the context of an emerging living system) chemical reactions and (iii) had the ability to evolve chemically into peptide-catalysed polyphosphate-based systems more common to contemporary life. We have identified a candidate P-based chemical pyrophosphite [PPi(III)] for which we have plausible prebiotic provenance. We will explore here the ability of PPi(III) to couple prebiotically available amino acids to peptides with potential value to an emerging system. We know that PPi(III) will couple glycine to diglycine but we intend here to explore the complete amino-acid coupling space using robotic, parallel processing, multi-well reader technology to probe PPi(III)-mediated di, tri and tetrapeptide formation. These libraries will then be examined, in a feed-back loop, for their abilities to catalyze the hydrolysis of PPi(III). The significance of this is that polypeptide catalyzed polyphosphate hydrolysis represents a primitive mimic for the activity of contemporary ATPase enzymes. We will then explore the ability of PPi(III) to evolve chemically into pyrophosphate [PPi(V)], a closer cousin to ATP, in the presence of PPi(III)-generated peptides and explore the abilities of the peptide libraries to accelerate chemical reactions of PPi(V). In this way, we aim to chart a chemical evolutionary pathway to peptide-activated P-based chemicals, the forerunners of ATPase enzymes, from plausibly prebiotic systems.

Keywords: molecular chemistry,reaction mechanisms ands dynamics,homogeneous catalysis,heterogeneous catalysis,computational chemistry
Materiality and depositional practices in the later Prehistory in Europe: an interdisciplinary approach using central Iberia (Spain) record as a case study (PAST FRAGMENTS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-05-01
End date: 2014-04-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 209033.4
EU funding (EUR): 209033.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The vast majority of European archaeological heritage during later Prehistory consists in ephemeral, scattered and scarcely stratified evidence. The research agenda on this topic lacks disciplinary debate and is based on out-of-date, isolationist and stagnant perspectives. This research proposal constitutes an advanced training-through-research project, which aims to invigorate and update the theoretical and methodological approaches applied to these issues, challenging several taken-for-granted assumptions through a non-positivist and non-determinist viewpoint. These goals will be reached through a timely work plan which implements a multi-scalar, diachronic strategy focused on central Iberia archaeological record as a case study, and is designed to integrate two complementary and interlinked scales of enquiry: 1) a micro-scale approach to material culture (taphonomic, use-wear, erosion and archaeometric studies) and 2) a macro-scale focus on the spatial dimension of connectivity between people, things and places (re-fitting studies). Data will be collected for Bell Beaker and Later Bronze Age pottery (2600-1000 BC) to provide technological, cultural “biographical” and depositional information from several well-documented case studies, thus characterising the social practices involved in their production, use and discard (e.g. their deliberate fragmentation and dispersion across the landscape). The use of Geographic Information Systems and inferential statistics will improve the testing of innovative hypotheses at both intra-site and inter-site levels, to complement the available functional and stylistic data. Thus, the study of the actual technological skills, lifespan trajectories, and depositional patterns (both intentional and unintended) involved in the formation of the later prehistoric materiality, will allow to reassess the meaning of pan-European phenomena like pit digging or the Beaker as active participants in these cultural practices

Keywords: humanities,archaeology,bell beaker,later bronze age,archaeometry,re-fitting,cultural biography of artefacts,material culture studies,social practice,social theory
Innovative SOFC Architecture based on Triode Operation (T-CELL)

Framework: FP7 — Cooperation
Programme: Joint Technology Initiatives (Annex IV-SP1)
Theme: Public-private partnerships
Destination: Fuel Cells and Hydrogen
Action type: Collaborative project
Partnership: FCH (Art-185)
Countries involved: Greece,Greece,France,Switzerland,Spain,United Kingdom,Norway,Italy
Call:  (FCH-JU-2011-1, 2011)
Start date: 2012-09-01
End date: 2016-02-29
Duration (months): 42.0
Total project cost (EUR): 3424167.8
EU funding (EUR): 1796267.0
Participants: 8
Project status: CLOSED

The development of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) operating on hydrocarbon fuels (natural gas, biofuel,LPG) is the key to their short to medium term broad commercialization. The development of direct HC SOFCs still meets lot of challenges and problems arising from the fact that the anode materials operate under severe conditions leading to low activity towards reforming and oxidation reactions, fast deactivation due to carbon formation and instability due to the presence of sulphur compounds. Although research on these issues is intensive, no major technological breakthroughs have been so far with respect to robust operation, sufficient lifetime and competitive cost. T-CELL proposes a novel electrochemical approach aiming at tackling these problems by a comprehensive effort to define, explore, characterize, develop and realize a radically new triode approach to SOFC technology together with a novel, advanced architecture for cell and stack design. This advance will be accomplished by means of an integrated approach based both on materials development and on the deployment of an innovative cell design that permits the effective control of electrocatalytic activity under steam or dry reforming conditions. The novelty of the proposed work lies in the pioneering effort to apply Ni-modified materials electrodes of proven advanced tolerance, as anodic electrodes in SOFCs and in the exploitation of our novel triode SOFC concept which introduces a new controllable variable into fuel cell operation. In order to provide a proof of concept of the stackability of triode cells, a triode SOFC stack consisting of at least 4 repeating units will be developed and its performance will be evaluated under methane and steam co-feed, in presence of a small concentration of sulphur compound. Success of the overall ambitious objectives of the proposed project will result in major progress beyond the current state-of-the-art and will open entirely new perspectives in cell and stack designs.

Keywords: fuel cell technology,heterogeneous catalysis,electrochemistry,triode concept,triode stack,sofc,fuel cell design,new cell architecture,ni-based anodes,anode degradation
Equality for the Market. The National Usages of EU Equality Policies (EQUALUSES)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Belgium
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-09-01
End date: 2014-08-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 177000.0
EU funding (EUR): 177000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This research project consists in analysing the influence and effects of European policies on national transformations in the fields of reconciliation between paid work and private life and anti-discrimination. More precisely, this research project ambitions to contribute to the understanding of the concrete mechanisms thanks to which the EU contribute to the transformation of national models of reconciliation and anti-discrimination, not by imposing a common model or precise reforms but by providing actors with resources useful for their political work and strategies. In this sense, the development of an approach based on the “national usages of Europe” will contribute to the academic debate on the Europeanization of public policies. The research question that will be examined in the EQUALUSES project is whether the utilitarian shift in policies combating discrimination and reconciling paid work and private life at the EU level has also occurred at the national level and what has been the possible influence of the EU on national developments. In order to do so, this project will compare policy reforms in Belgium, Sweden and the United Kingdom since the beginning of the 1990s, while attempting to identify the EU’s role in these evolutions. From a theoretical standpoint, this project aims at participating to the “sociological turn” in the study of the European Union and to complement the dominantly institution-focused approach of this literature, which has led to an underestimation of the discretion and role of political actors in the adaptation processes, especially by taking into account new social practices opened up by the process of Europeanization. From a methodological standpoint, the use of CAQDAS techniques and Qualitative Comparative Analyses will provide some grounds for ‘modest generalization’ beyond the 3 core country cases.

Keywords: political science,public policy,eu policy,europeanization,comparative analysis,qualitative methods,anti-discrimination,work/family reconciliation,usages of europe,belgium,sweden
Cooperating in Complex Environments: Cross-cultural Trade, Commercial Networks and Notarial Culture in Alexandria (Egypt) : 1360-1450 (MEDALEX)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Italy
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-09-01
End date: 2014-08-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 249911.6
EU funding (EUR): 249911.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

In the late Middle Ages a constellation of groups shared the commercial spaces of Mediterranean cities. These groups were either formally defined (as the trading nations of Venice, Genoa, Catalonia, Ancona, Naples, Florence, Montpellier, etc.), or were based on ethnic and religious affiliation (as Copts, Cretan Jews, Greek Orthodox, Jacobites, or Mudéjar Muslims). In either case, to different degrees, these groups cooperated with each other by working together in commonly shared networks. By monitoring a whole merchant community instead of single groups through a serial, homogeneous documentation and a coherent methodology, this project will produce a comprehensive and consistent research of the generally accepted social norms and institutional forces that governed business cooperation in a Mediterranean complex environment (Alexandria, Egypt), and accompanied its major transformations. These dynamic and complex relations will be addressed in an empirical manner, by observing the economic networks encoded in one of the by-products of Mediterranean commercial culture: the outre-mer notaries and their registers. Unlike most documentary evidence from European archives, overseas notaries provide a multi-lateral picture of the activities of this heterogeneous community, and particularly, show cooperation and interaction between individuals of different origins. This is a history project with an important technology dimension, and notarial data will be analysed through a pioneering database model and its web-based application.

Keywords: humanities,history,social sciences,mediterranean,medieval,diaspora,cross-cultural trade,communities,networks,institutional economics,trade,venice,islamic societies,network analysis
Analysis and Modelling of the Reactivity of Pozzolans during Cement Hydration (AMORPH)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-06-01
End date: 2014-05-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 192622.2
EU funding (EUR): 192622.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Currently, the annual global cement production is estimated to be 3.3 billion tons1. Even though the CO2 emissions associated with the final product, concrete, are low, the massive scale of production, means that the cement industry accounts for 5-8 % of the global annual anthropogenic CO2 emissions3. One of the most effective ways to improve sustainability is the blending of Portland cement with supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs)2,3. However many local sources are fully exploited and a decline in production of blastfurnace slags and fly ash is expected due to future developments in steel and electricity production4. Therefore locally available alternatives to these traditional SCMs need to be found to achieve higher cement replacement levels and a more sustainable cement industry. Unravelling the impact of this expanding and diversified group of SCMs on the hydration reactions and performance of cement constitutes a major scientific challenge. The diversity of SCMs calls for novel generic approaches that will enable direct prediction and control of performance; compared to the current practice of case-by-case empirical testing. This project proposes a novel interdisciplinary approach, building on the geological background of the fellow combined with the materials science perspective of the host. Novel concepts of surface chemistry, recently developed in geochemistry, will be applied to the behaviour of SCMs in cement. The focus will be on investigating the effect of SCM and solution chemistry on the rate of the nanoscale surface processes of dissolution and precipitation. The impact of SCMs on the product assemblage and microstructure will be modelled and compared to experiment, exploiting recent breakthroughs in thermodynamic and microstructure modelling of cement systems. Finally, the results obtained will be transferred to practice through practical methodologies for testing SCM reactivity in a basic laboratory environment.

Keywords: concrete engineering,pozzolan,supplementary cementitious materials,reaction mechanisms and kinetics,mineralogy,blended cement hydration
Fundamental Limits of Network Coding in Wireless Networks (FLOW)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IOF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-10-01
End date: 2014-09-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 258306.4
EU funding (EUR): 258306.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

High spectral efficiency has been an ongoing quest in wireless networks since their inception, due to the reality of limited spectrum. This project is proposed at a time when network coding has been envisioned to bring fundamental changes to the design of communication networks, where spectrum can be more efficiently utilized and interference can be better coped with. The aim of this proposal is to systematically study network coding at the physical layer, where we will not only characterize the fundamental limits of physical layer network coding, but also design practical digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms to realize the performance gain promised by those theoretic results. The project involves the Fellow initially working for 12 months in Princeton University, USA, to receive state of the art training on a specific project in wireless network coding. This will then be followed by 12 months in Newcastle University UK, for the integration of the skills and knowledge gained in Princeton. The results of the project will have a broad impact across a range of areas including wireless communications, signal processing and information theory, etc. Furthermore such an insight obtained from the project provides a precise guideline for the efficient design of practical and reliable communications systems, and hence is important to various applications, including broadband mobile communications, wireless sensor networks, etc.

Keywords: technological sciences
Chromatin Remodeling in DNA Repair: the role of the INO80 complex (INOHR)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Hungary
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IOF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-03-01
End date: 2015-02-28
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 253191.6
EU funding (EUR): 253191.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The proposal aims at the study of the molecular mechanisms involved in the starting steps of the repair of the most severe type of DNA lesions, the double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs). DSBs are caused by either environmental stress or by endogenous DNA metabolic processes. Inaccurate repair of DSBs leads to genomic instability, and thus, to cell death or cancerous malformations. Enzymes acting in DNA repair processes are required to access to DNA. This is, however, hampered by the compact and stable chromatin (DNA bound to histone proteins) structure. The project outlined in this proposal focuses on the investigation of the chromatin remodeling activity of human INO80 complex proposed to play role in the homologous recombination (HR) based repair of DSBs. The INO80 subfamily is the most recent addition to the SWI/SNF family of chromatin remodelers found in yeast, flies, plants and mammals. However, INO80 seems to be the most evolutionary conserved subfamily of chromatin remodeling enzymes, which has been found to play important roles in gene expression regulation, DNA replication and repair. INO80 exerts remodeling activities (e.g. nucleosome eviction, histone exchange) in a large enzyme complex. The human INO80 complex consists of a total of almost 20 essential and regulatory subunits. Precise mechanisms by which the human INO80 complex performs chromatin remodeling activities are still unrevealed, yet. We are addressing the key questions regarding the fate of the nucleosomes upon remodeling by the INO80 complex: Are they moved? If yes, how far? Are they replaced? If yes, when? By using a fluorescently labeled subunit of the INO80 complex and/or histone components of the nucleosome, an array of single molecule and ensemble approaches will provide insights into the functions of INO80 complex in chromatin dynamics, and its role in DNA damage repair processes.

Keywords: dna repair,chromatin remodeling,homologous recombination,ino80 complex,single-molecule,optical trap