Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Political Philosophy in Context: Democracy and Human Rights in Bulgarian, Serbian and Russia Orthodoxy (EUROPEAN ORTHODOXY)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Italy
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-IEF-2008, 2008)
Start date: 2009-10-01
End date: 2012-03-31
Duration (months): 30.0
Total project cost (EUR): 156043.51
EU funding (EUR): 156043.51
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The project European Orthodoxy addresses the relationship between religion, democracy and human rights using Orthodox Christianity as a case study. It investigates how religious traditions reconcile their universal claims with democratic decision making and individual human rights in modern society both from a theoretical and an empirical perspective. From the theoretical angle, the project studies and makes a contribution to contextual approaches in normative political theory, investigating how democracy and human rights can be conceptualized without making recourse to universalist formulations and without submitting to arbitrary particularism. From the empirical angle, the project analyzes the standpoints of contemporary Bulgarian, Serbian and Russian Orthodoxy on democracy and human rights and compares them. The aim of the comparison is to draw together three studies of national Orthodox traditions into one picture and offer a transnational conceptual of approaches to democracy and human rights in European Orthodoxy. On the basis of the comparative case-study the researcher will reflect on the normative starting point of the research-project and elaborate on the potentials and theoretical and methodological challenges of contextualized political theory. The project proposed by the researcher (Austria) envisions a duration of 24 months, based at the University of Rome Tor Vergata.

Keywords: political theory,sociology of religion,comparative religion,orthodox theology,democracy,human rights,secularism,europe,russia,serbia,bulgaria
Single nano-Particle Imaging with Coherent Intense soft X-rays (SPICIX)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-IEF-2008, 2008)
Start date: 2010-05-04
End date: 2012-05-03
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 176803.79
EU funding (EUR): 176803.79
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Ultrafast coherent diffraction using soft and hard X-rays is actually revolutionizing imaging science thanks to new sources recently available. This powerful technique extends standard X-ray diffraction towards imaging of non-crystalline objects and leads actually to a strong impact in physics, chemistry and biology [Miao, Nature 1999]. New ultrashort pulses recently available hold the promise of watching matter evolving with unprecedented time and space resolution. With the SPICIX project we propose to use table-top x-ray coherent source to perform ultrafast nanoscale imaging. X-ray generation from High Harmonic Generation (HHG) in gases are inexpensive compared to free electron lasers (FELs) and provides the capability for the generation of intense femtosecond and attosecond coherent X-rays. To perform the research, a new infrastructure dedicated to ultrafast imaging has been implemented in CEA Saclay. We will increase available X-ray intensities by one orders of magnitude and have single shot imaging available. The unique properties of the HHG sources will open new and complementary (with respect to FELs) fields of science. Using coherent X-ray diffraction (CXD), we will be able to &apos;get rid of the crystal&apos; in diffraction experiments, and obtain images with few tens of nanometers in resolution of non-repetitive single nano-particles in single shot. We will then explore the limits of the coherent imaging technique in time. The capability of following a system evolving in time is very challenging. Dynamics at a femtosecond time scale involving ultrafast properties of matter at a nanometer scale will be involved. This is beyond our current knowledge on ultrafast processes and is thus of high impact on a very broad area in science and industry.

Keywords: physical sciences,ultrafast coherent diffraction high-hramonic-generation free-electron-laser soft and hard x-rays imaging science
Cophylogeography of ecological replicates: the coevolution and biogeography of Galapagos mockingbirds and their ectoparasites (GALAPAGOS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-IEF-2008, 2008)
Start date: 2009-06-08
End date: 2011-05-07
Duration (months): 23.0
Total project cost (EUR): 173416.47
EU funding (EUR): 173416.47
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Evolutionary radiations of colonists on archipelagos provide valuable insight into the mechanisms and modes of speciation. Using both morphological and molecular genetic techniques this study will examine the coevolutionary history of multiple ectoparasite lineages parasitizing the endemic mockingbirds of the Galapagos. Using 3000+ samples collected by a recent EU funded project this study will compare and contrast the genetic structure of mockingbird ectoparasites at six different scales (between and within host species, islands, and parasite groups) for the parasitic lice and mites infecting mockingbirds on the 16 islands of the Galapagos. Each widespread parasite lineage forms an ecological replicate to test the relative contributions of host diversification and geography to patterns of parasite genetic differentiation and speciation. This system provides a framework to understand the correlates of parasite diversification, their mode of speciation and the evolution of host specialization. These data will make an important contribution to our understanding of how louse-vectored diseases may be spread, and help inform conservation plans due to the higher rates of genetic evolution in parasite groups, relative to their avian hosts. The region is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and Biosphere Reserve, and the host group played a now famous role in triggering Charles Darwin’s initial insights into natural selection. Key outputs include a genetic study of the parasite lineages, biogeographic and coevolutionary analyses of the host-parasite relationships, and a database of host-parasite associations, images, and related data. These will be collated on a project website using an EU funded EDIT “Scratchpad”. Interdisciplinary training in molecular and morphological systematics and biodiversity informatics will be provided by the project coordinator, coupled with a structured postdoctoral course run by the host institution to develop the applicant’s transferable skills.

Keywords: biogeography,phylogeny,evolutionary biology,population genetics,taxonomy,molecular evolution,entomology,zoogeography,systematic zoology
Some geometric aspects of sum sets (GEOSUMSETS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-IEF-2008, 2008)
Start date: 2009-09-01
End date: 2012-05-31
Duration (months): 33.0
Total project cost (EUR): 211133.09
EU funding (EUR): 211133.09
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Following the work of Freiman, Ruzsa, Green, and Fields medal winner Bourgain, Gowers, Tao, the sumset problem is investigated. We consider two topics where the geometry of the ambient group has an important role. Firstly we plan to improve the known inequalities for the sum of subsets in the Euclidean spaces using more tools from convex geometry. For abelian groups, various structure theorem is available about sets whose sum with itself is relatively small. In the non-abelian case, only conjectures are circulating. Secondly we plan to test these conjectures for word hyperbolic groups. Here we plan to combine technics related to Szemeredi&apos;s Regularity Lemma with the geometric properties of the Cayley graph.

Keywords: number theory,convex geometry,hyperbolic groups
Effect of ocean Acidification on Marine Invertebrates CALcification in sensitive ecosystems (AMICAL)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-IOF-2008, 2008)
Start date: 2009-09-01
End date: 2012-10-31
Duration (months): 38.0
Total project cost (EUR): 242346.11
EU funding (EUR): 242346.11
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Ocean pH has already declined by 0.1 units since pre-industrial times and is predicted to further decline by another 0.3 units by the end of the century as a consequence of increasing anthropogenic CO2. Reef-building corals and calcifying cold-water communities such as pteropods (molluscs), were identified as at higher risk. This project will focus on the effect of rising pCO2 on two sensitive and complementary models: Acropora millepora coral larvae and Limacina helicina pteropod. Both construct aragonitic skeleton/shell, a crystalline calcium carbonate polymorph which is less stable than calcite and dissolve more easily under higher pCO2. Because of their crucial ecological and economical roles, it is pivotal to understand and quantify the response of these organisms to rising pCO2 in more detail. The first part of the project will concern effect of rising pCO2 on calcification both in coral larvae and in pteropods. The second part of the project will concern the effect of rising pCO2 on symbiont acquisition of coral larvae. Indeed, most reef-building corals develop an endosymbiotic relationship with photosynthetic dinoflagellates, Symbiodinium sp., commonly called zooxanthellae, which are known to influence coral calcification. Objectives will be investigated by complementary physiological and molecular approaches. The molecular approaches, consisting in large oligoarray analysis and 454 sequencing, will allow the identification of complete molecular pathways involved in rising pCO2 response in both organisms. Together, all the expected results will contribute to improve our knowledge on the essentials processes of 1) calcification both in Cnidarians and Pteropods, and of 2) symbiosis in Cnidarians.

Keywords: global change,biological sciences
Probing Molecular Recognition of the Avian and Human Influenza Virus (GLYCOFLUP)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-IEF-2008, 2008)
Start date: 2009-03-01
End date: 2009-10-31
Duration (months): 8.0
Total project cost (EUR): 169284.33
EU funding (EUR): 169284.33
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The presence of carbohydrate structures on the surface of proteins has been estimated to occur in more than 50% of eukaryotic cells, and is linked to several biological events such as cell signalling regulation, cellular differentiation and immune response. Of the three classes of biooligomers, oligosaccharides have proven to be the most difficult to synthesize. Studies concerning the structure and function of oligonucleotides and peptides have greatly benefited from the feasibility of conducting their assembly on polymeric supports. In order to simplify the labor-intensive solution phase synthesis of carbohydrates, assembly of such compounds in an automated fashion on solid support is particularly desirable. Well-defined, synthetic carbohydrates not only constitute excellent research tools to investigate the structure and function of these biopolymers, but also hold great promise as potential therapeutic agents or vaccines against tumors and infectious diseases. Proposed is a program targeted at the synthesis of sialylated oligosaccharides that serve as receptors of avian and human influenza virus. Like other viruses, influenza viruses use interactions between a viral surface protein and well-defined cell surface oligosaccharides to initiate infection. Herein, we propose to prepare sialyl pentasaccharides by automated solid phase synthesis. The resulting complex carbohydrate structures will be attached to microarray slides that will be further subjected to binding experiments with different influenza virus hemagglutinin proteins. These glycan arrays will serve as molecular tools to understand important recognition and signal transduction processes of the infection mechanism by the influenza virus. The results obtained from these binding tests have the potential to create novel carbohydrate-based diagnostics and therapeutics for the influenza virus.

Keywords: carbohydrates,oligosaccharides,automation,glycobiology,influenza virus
Analysis of the molecular mechanisms of antigen presentation to B cells by macrophages in lymphoid organs (MAC-BS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-IEF-2008, 2008)
Start date: 2010-01-01
End date: 2010-11-30
Duration (months): 11.0
Total project cost (EUR): 171867.63
EU funding (EUR): 171867.63
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

B cell activation is triggered by antigen recognition through the B cell receptor (BCR). It has been evidently shown that the antigen encountered in vivo by B cells is mainly membrane-bound. However, the molecular events involved in the process of recognition are not yet undertaken. Dr. Batista’s lab has very recently shown that macrophages collect and concentrate particulate antigen at the lymph node, where it is then encountered and acquired by follicular B cells. So, the principal aim of this proposal is to investigate and define the molecular mechanisms that govern this novel way of antigen presentation to B cells, mediated by macrophages at the spleen and lymph node. To carry this out, we propose to investigate the macrophage membrane proteins involved in the antigen presentation, such as mannose receptor or SIGNR1 (murine homologue to DC-SIGN) and complement. These studies are likely to shed light into how B cell responses are initiated which direct implications in vaccine design and autoimmunity.

Keywords: immunology,cell biology,molecular biology,immune response,macrophages,b lymphocytes
Simulation Tool for AIrplane Ditching hYdrodynamics (STAIDY)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-IEF-2008, 2008)
Start date: 2009-06-01
End date: 2011-05-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 238251.38
EU funding (EUR): 238251.38
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The study concerns with the emergency landing of airplanes on the sea surface (ditching). The final goal is the development of a simulation tool for the description of the hydro-structural-dynamics of ditching. The attention is focused with the early stage, during which the highest loads are generated, which can induce strong distortion or even failure of the fuselage, thus jeopardising the post-crash safety of the aircraft. Current tools, although providing a good picture of the event, are not accurate enough in the early stage and are also computationally expensive. Furthermore, due to the high velocities several physical phenomena, usually neglected in those models, come into play and deserve proper description. Their straightforward inclusion in the first principal equations makes the prediction tools simply useless because of the huge amount of computational effort required. This proposal is aimed at elaborating simpler models in which the theory drives the numerical method towards correct results, thus avoiding the limitations of purely computational methods. The ditching is at the borderline between the aeronautical and the naval field. In the latter studies have been done to estimate the loads induced in the bow region by the water impact occurring when ships move in rough seas. Also, models have been developed for the prediction of the flow and pressure loads about fast planning boats in steady motion. Usually such models are based on a simplified approach, so called 2D+t, which reduces the steady three-dimensional problem to a time domain two-dimensional one. By exploiting the similarity between the ditching airplanes and planning hulls, the present proposal is aimed at broadening the capabilities of the 2D+t model, making it suitable for the ditching problem, including proper modelling of the flow separation from the fuselage, three-dimensional correction, air-cavity modelling and hydro-elastic coupling. Evidence of the industrial interest is provided.

Keywords: aircraft design,applied mathematics,algorithms,numerical analysis,computational models,naval engineering
Walking Old Paths in New Shoes: Individual Trajectories to Retirement and the Welfare State in Austria and Germany (WOPINS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Italy
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-IEF-2008, 2008)
Start date: 2010-09-01
End date: 2012-08-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 156043.51
EU funding (EUR): 156043.51
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This project carries out a comparative investigation of retirement behaviour in Austria and Germany. Drawing on the theoretical concept of ‘pathways to retirement’ (Kohli &amp; Rein 1991) it examines individual trajectories leading to labour market exit both through policy-analysis as well as empirically. The project proposes an interdisciplinary analytical approach and mix of methods. The empirical bases are process-produced work history data spanning over 30 years (linked employer-employee data). A novel sequence-based statistical technique is used to identify empirical typologies of common ‘pathways to retirement’, subsequently used as input in explanatory models of retirement behaviour. The scientific objective is to contribute to our knowledge about the determinants of different retirement behaviours, taking account of a wide, interdisciplinary array of mechanisms through which people allocate to different ‘pathways to retirement’. The project is tailored as to allow the postdoctoral research fellow to reach well-defined objectives in terms of skill acquisition and career advancement. It will allow her to obtain the practical skills necessary for the use of administrative data in applied labour market research and to further advance her skills in econometric evaluation research. Both of these skills have become crucial assets for labour market researchers in public and private institutions.

Keywords: sociology of labour,labour economics,life course,retirement,pension reform,work history,labour supply,displacement,longitudinal,interdisciplinary,austria,germany
Migration and Differentiation of Th17 Cells in HIV/SIV Infection (MD-THIV)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-IEF-2008, 2008)
Start date: 2009-06-01
End date: 2012-01-31
Duration (months): 32.0
Total project cost (EUR): 180801.44
EU funding (EUR): 180801.44
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

More than 25 years after the discovery of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as the causative agent of AIDS, the mechanisms governing pathogenesis and disease progression are still not fully understood. Indeed, a progressive impairment of the immune system, with alterations that affect both innate and adaptive immunity, characterizes the infection with HIV 1 in humans and with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in macaques. It has been proposed that a state of chronic immune activation contributes to loss of CD4 T cells and to alterations of immune responses, ultimately leading to disease progression. The loss of CD4+CCR5+ T cells in the gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) has been well documented both in natural host and in pathogenic models of SIV infection. A decrease in the frequency of Th17 cells, a newly discovered subset of effector T cells involved in the immune response against extracellular bacteria, has been recently described by the applicant, in the mucosa of SIV infected rhesus macaques. Nevertheless the migratory capacity of this T cell subpopulation has not been investigated so far. Chemokines are important mediators of leukocyte trafficking and function, and deregulation of their expression might contribute in part to the pathogenesis of HIV-1/SIV infection. The aim of this project is to investigate the mechanisms that mediate Th17 cells trafficking and activities at mucosal sites together with their decrease in frequency during HIV/SIV infection in order to better understand the pathogenesis of AIDS, in view of generating efficient vaccines.

Keywords: immunology,infections,chemokines,th17,hiv