Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Simulator for Moving Target Indicator System (SIMTISYS)

Framework: FP7 — Cooperation
Programme: Space
Destination: Space-based applications at the service of the European Society
Action type: Collaborative project
Countries involved: Italy,Spain,Spain,United Kingdom,Italy
Call:  (FP7-SPACE-2010-1, 2010)
Start date: 2011-06-01
End date: 2013-11-30
Duration (months): 30.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2489926.02
EU funding (EUR): 1643701.0
Participants: 7
Project status: CLOSED

Within the framework of the FP7 3° call several policies are related to the maritime surveillance for safety purposes as border surveillance, traffic safety, fishery control and environmental protection and monitoring (i.e. sea platform infrastructures and sea ports). Within all these policies the detection and the tracking of small vessels assumes a central strategic issue. A common tool, useful for monitoring the maritime borders and in particular maritime routings and traffic and the management of pollution, is proposed. In this program a Simulator for a Moving Target Indication System will be implemented. The heritage of the FP7 2° call is taken into account concerning the Operational Scenarios, the EU Techniques and Technologies and possible contributions from planned or on-going Space Missions. The SIMTISYS program will assure to the European Service Providers a useful and powerful tool for detection and tracking of small vessel in defined Scenarios.

Keywords: newa,maritime surveillance,gmes,moving detection indicator
Information Flow and Its Impact on Financial Markets (INFORMATIONFLOW)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Individuals, institutions and markets
Countries involved: Israel,United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2010-StG_20091209, 2010)
Start date: 2010-10-01
End date: 2016-09-30
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1500000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1500000.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

The importance of information asymmetry in financial markets has long been recognized in financial economics. Most existing models focus on the role of privately informed investors who influence prices through their trades. But in many cases the agents who have the biggest information advantage are insiders or the firms themselves; they are precluded from trading but can affect the information flow to the market. This endogenous information flow and its effect on financial market is the focus of the proposed project. By the term information flow we refer to a wide range of channels through which firms can communicate. The information can be part of a mandatory disclosure or a voluntary one. It can be verifiable or non-verifiable information. In addition there can be an implicit information transmission. A firm may choose certain actions to convey its private information (i.e. signaling) without any explicit announcements. The way firms convey this information may provide key insights into the behavior of financial markets and in particular the development of financial crises. The project combines theoretical and empirical work. In the theory part I plan to examine the channels mentioned above and develop testable implications. In the empirical part I plan to test these implications.

Keywords: information economics,financial markets
Investors' expectations: Measuring their nature and effect (INVEXPECTATIONS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Individuals, institutions and markets
Countries involved: Germany,United Kingdom,United Kingdom,United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2010-StG_20091209, 2010)
Start date: 2011-03-01
End date: 2016-02-29
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1222330.0
EU funding (EUR): 1222330.0
Participants: 7
Project status: CLOSED

The funded research investigates the role of expectations in financial decisions by asking two separate empirical questions. First, what systematic patterns appear in the expectations that the investor holds about relevant random variables? Second, can we establish that her expectations play a causal role for choices? The main tool in addressing these questions is the collection of data from laboratory experiments and large-sample household surveys. We also develop novel econometric methods and behavioral models of portfolio choice. The majority of the planned studies add to the literature on biases in expectations. They conform to the revealed-expectations paradigm of expected utility, but ask whether the underlying expectations are suboptimal in predictable ways: (i) Are rational expectations violated systematically more in markets where agents need to make complicated inferences about fundamental information – e.g. where the inference occurs at the interim stage, before agents can observe realized prices and other agents’ choices (like in Rational Expectations Equilibrium)? (ii) Are agents able to successfully process the covariance of returns in portfolio-choice problems? (iii) Are investment herds excessively large and stable because people do not realize that other agents whom they observe also rely on others? (iv) Why do many people embark in risky gambling strategies under the false perception that they will stop after a few losses? The answers to these questions will contribute to the understanding of investment choices generally, and unnecessary risk exposure in particular. In further studies, we ask about the causal link between expectations and choices. This will contribute to the evaluation of decision-theoretic models but can also inform economic policy, as the causal link from expectations to choices is an important component in the design of policy campaigns that work via affecting beliefs. We introduce artificially created instrumental variables into choice situations and use their exogenous influence to identify causal effects.

Keywords: tests of rational expectations,financial decisions,social learning,correlation neglect,estimating causal link between expectations and investments
Artificial vascularised scaffolds for 3D-tissue-regeneration (ARTIVASC 3D)

Framework: FP7 — Cooperation
Programme: Nanosciences, Nanotechnologies, Materials and new Production Technologies - NMP
Destination: Materials
Action type: Collaborative project
Countries involved: Germany,Switzerland,United Kingdom,Germany,Germany,Austria,Finland,United Kingdom,Italy,Germany,Germany,France,Germany,Germany,Germany
Call:  (FP7-NMP-2010-LARGE-4, 2010)
Start date: 2011-11-01
End date: 2015-10-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 10467338.6
EU funding (EUR): 7800000.0
Participants: 17
Project status: CLOSED

The use of bioartificial tissue for regenerative medicine offers great therapeutic potential, but also has to meet high demands with respect to the interaction of the bioartificial devices and natural tissues. Key issues for the successful use of bioartifical tissues as natural tissue replacements are their long term functional stability and biocompatible integration. Up to now, various approaches for the generation of bioartificial tissues have not succeeded due to insufficient nutrition and oxygen supply. Therefore, current tissue engineered products have only been realised for non vascularised tissues such as cartilage. ArtiVasc 3D will break new ground and overcome these challenges by providing a micro- and nano-scale based manufacturing and functionalisation technology for the generation of fully vascularised bioartificial tissue that enables entire nutrition and metabolism. The bioartificial vascularised skin engineered in ArtiVasc 3D will, for the first time, allow tissue replacement with optimum properties. ArtiVasc 3D will research and develop an innovative combination of hi-tech engineering such as micro-scale printing, nano-scale multiphoton polymerisation and electro-spinning with biological research on biochemical surface modification and complex cell culture. In a multidisciplinary approach, experts in biomaterial development, cell-matrix interaction, angiogenesis, tissue engineering, simulation, design and fabrication methods work together to generate bioartificial vascularised skin in a fully automated and standardised manufacturing approach. This bioartificial vascularised skin will be of great value in a vast array of clinical treatments, e.g. as a transplant in trauma treatment. In addition, this new bioartificial vascularised skin will be used as an innovative in vitro skin equivalent for pharmaceutical, cosmetics or chemical substance testing, which represents a promising method to reduce expensive, ethically disputed animal testing.

Keywords: vascularized tissue,biocompatible materials,additive manufacturing,surface chemistry,regenerative medicine,soft tissue,skin,biofunctionalisation,extracellular matrix,simulation
Macroeconomic Dynamics with Heterogeneous Agents (MACROHETEROGENEITY)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Individuals, institutions and markets
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2010-StG_20091209, 2010)
Start date: 2010-11-01
End date: 2014-10-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 698945.0
EU funding (EUR): 698945.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The global recession associated with the 2008-09 financial crisis has triggered a wave of unprecedented fiscal and monetary interventions. Despite their wide use across the world, the quantitative effects of these large scale measures on the aggregate economy remain unclear. The main reason for this uncertainty is that governments and central banks have been unable, so far, to target the households and businesses more likely to boost the recovery: (i) some consumers may not spend their income tax rebate in the anticipation of future tax raises; (ii) part of the financial institutions may use the expansion of the central banks’ balance sheet to increase their capital ratio rather than lending; (iii) many import good producers may take advantage of fluctuations in the exchange rate to vary their price mark-up as opposed to passing it to customers; (iv) entrepreneurs may delay some investment projects until part of the uncertainty on their returns is resolved. This research aims at contributing to the growing empirical and theoretical literature on macroeconomic dynamics with heterogeneous agents by offering an empirical evaluation of the policies and macroeconomic conditions that prevailed during the financial crisis. The aggregate effects of individual heterogeneity will be quantified across groups of the society endogenously determined within the estimation method. Furthermore, there will be identified the characteristics that make some individuals more sensitive to the policy measures and more vulnerable to specific macroeconomic conditions. Mapping the estimated heterogeneity to observed characteristics can have an impact on both academic and policy research. On the academic front, the approach taken in this proposal will make it possible to discriminate among competing theories of heterogeneous behaviour. As for policy, knowledge of the characteristics that drive heterogeneous responses in the data can be used in future interventions to target the most sensitive groups of the population.

Keywords: macro policy evaluation,transmission mechanism,heterogeneous responses,distributional effects
Cryogenic Electronics for Space Applications and Research (CESAR)

Framework: FP7 — Cooperation
Programme: Space
Destination: Strengthening the foundations of Space science and technology
Action type: Collaborative project
Countries involved: France,Belgium,Hungary,Italy,United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-SPACE-2010-1, 2010)
Start date: 2010-12-01
End date: 2014-03-31
Duration (months): 40.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2633933.8
EU funding (EUR): 1998050.1
Participants: 7
Project status: CLOSED

Observations from space offer huge improvements in many fields of science. They expand widely the range of the spectral information compared to ground applications. Recently, the use of space qualified cryocoolers to decrease the temperature of instruments down to few kelvins and even below, allows the use of new resistive sensors exhibiting outstanding performances when compared to classical devices. For example, new moderately cooled magnetometers arrays can provide a very high magnetic sensitivity for space exploration, thermal X-ray detectors can reach a spectral resolution two orders of magnitude better than Silicon ones, and in the Infrared domain, observations with bolometers will soon be limited only by the photon background of zodiacal light. The development of large format array detectors in these three fields is today constrained by the amount of signal channels that can be extracted in parallel from the power limited cold stages. The goal of this network is to provide the community with cryogenic electronic elements performing all the essential functions to preserve the signal quality of a large amount of sensors (pixels). For this purpose, two ways must be followed in parallel: -the development of new components (transistors) showing low noise and reduced power consumption to replace the JFETs limited to 120 K -the conception of new circuits based on the cryogenic proven CMOS and SiGe technologies to realize complex functions (amplification, filtering, multiplexing and digitalization…) The network gathers fundamental solid-state research laboratories for the development of elementary electronic components; a semi-industrial company already manufacturing complex CMOS and SiGe circuits for cryogenic space applications (Herschel), specialists of cryogenic measurements having already the know how for (sub) Kelvin measurements, together with confirmed space instrumentalists

Keywords: cryogenic analogue electronics,infrared focal plane,x ray focal plane,xray focal plane,magnetometer.
Language, cognition and landscape: understanding cross-cultural and individual variation in geographical ontology (LACOLA)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The Human Mind and its complexity
Countries involved: Sweden
Call:  (ERC-2010-StG_20091209, 2010)
Start date: 2011-03-01
End date: 2016-02-29
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1499931.44
EU funding (EUR): 1499931.44
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This project will break new ground in the language sciences by pursuing a linguistic inquiry into landscape. From the linguist s point of view, the geophysical environment is virtually unexplored. Yet it has vast potential for influence on the discipline. The project will play a pioneering role in situating landscape within linguistics as a fundamental domain of representational systems, opening up important links to other disciplines concerned with landscape that usually have little to do with language. It will achieve this by (1) exploring landscape categorization in a number of languages, (2) comparing such categorization, (3) developing a model for understanding categorization across languages and speakers, and (4) documenting vanishing landscape systems. The research team will study landscape categorization in six diverse language settings. Each setting is a case study carried out by a team member with expert knowledge and prior field experience of the setting. Each setting offers opportunities of studying closely related languages as well as individuals speaking the same language, making comparison possible not only among maximally diverse languages but also at finer levels of linguistic granularity. An exploratory psycholinguistic subproject will probe the relationship between language and cognition in the landscape domain. The project will blaze a trail in applying GIS to linguistic data, in testing advanced experimental techniques in the field, and in documenting domain-specific data from a global language sample. Cross-cultural variation in landscape ontology is a matter of great practical importance understanding the meaning and reference of landscape terms and place names is crucial to major fields of human cooperation, from navigation to international law.

Keywords: semantic typology,linguistic diversity,geographical ontology,landscape,toponyms,gis
The multisensory mind: From neural mechanisms to cognition (MULTISENSORY-MIND)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The Human Mind and its complexity
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (ERC-2010-StG_20091209, 2010)
Start date: 2011-04-01
End date: 2016-03-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1483408.0
EU funding (EUR): 1483408.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Why does food lose its taste when your nose is stuffed up? Why are we better in hearing speech when we see a speaker’s lip movements? These are questions of interest in the emerging field of multisensory integration (MI). Although the scientific study of MI on the behavioral level has existed since psychology became an experimental discipline, little is known about the precise mechanisms underlying MI in the human brain. The application of advanced methods of cognitive neuroscience now allow us to uncover the finer details of how sensory inputs are merged to become coherent multisensory percepts. This is of utmost importance in improving our understanding and treatment of conditions in which multisensory integration is impaired, such as schizophrenia. The main objective of the proposed research program is to examine neural and neurochemical markers of MI and to test a new hypothesis that considers dynamic interplay of synchronized neural populations as a key to multisensory processes. The studies within this program include healthy subjects and patients with schizophrenia, as a prototype of a mental disorder with deficits in MI. Multisensory processes will be examined in a series of experiments requiring various modes of cognitive processes. Reaching beyond the state-of-the-art, this comprises a combination of human EEG data as a macroscopic measure of cortical processing; source modeling of synchronized EEG activity; and neurochemical markers (magnetic resonance spectroscopy of resting neurotransmitter concentrations in selected brain areas). This research program will potentially lead to a major breakthrough in our understanding of MI and will open new horizons in the generation of ideas, approaches, and theories regarding multisensory processes in the human brain.

Keywords: multisensory,crossmodal,attention,neural synchrony,oscillatory activity,schizophrenia,electroencephalography,magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Defining Belief and Identities in the Eastern Mediterranean: The Role of Interreligious Debate and Interaction (DEBIDEM)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Institutions, values, beliefs and behaviour
Countries involved: United Kingdom,United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2010-StG_20091209, 2010)
Start date: 2011-01-01
End date: 2016-12-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1483119.0
EU funding (EUR): 1483119.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

This project seeks to recover the processes by which religious beliefs and identities were defined through interreligious interaction and debate in the religious culture of a broader social base in the eastern Mediterranean (6-8th centuries AD) through examination of a neglected, unconventional corpus of medieval Greek, Syriac and Arabic literature of debate and disputation (consisting of collections of questions and answers, dialogues among others), treating authors such as Ps. Kaisarios, Anastasios of Sinai, and Ps. Athanasios. These sources help us to understand the kinds of perplexities that were being raised in Christian communities of the eastern Mediterranean as they negotiated a lively and contentious religious and social landscape, and they highlight the multifarious issues which Christian leaders had to be prepared to deal with in their pastoral, pedagogical, and apologetic work. At the same time these collections must be seen as an attempt by Christian authors to work out how Christianity was to define its position with regard to other religions (Hellenism, Judaism and Islam) in a period still characterized by considerable fluidity and change. As well as writing those doubts, challenges, objections, concerns, issues and anxieties back into the religious history of the eastern Mediterranean, when completed this full-length study of these texts will provide scholars not only with a detailed knowledge of the ways in which religious belief, practice and communities were defined in contrast to other religious systems, and a fuller sense of the religious, social and intellectual history of the eastern Mediterranean but also with a nuanced picture of their self-definition, one which will be more sensitive to the processes that led to its formation.

Keywords: religious controversy and debate history of relgious ideas cultural and intellectual history history of mentalities
A Dynamic View on Conscious and Unconscious Processes (DYNAMIND)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The Human Mind and its complexity
Countries involved: France
Call:  (ERC-2010-StG_20091209, 2010)
Start date: 2011-02-01
End date: 2016-01-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1437520.0
EU funding (EUR): 1437520.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Distinguishing between conscious and unconscious processes is a fundamental issue for our understanding of the human mind. Most research on this topic has been limited to a static perspective, by studying static stimuli, by considering processing as a function of present information, and by focusing on a single, adult stage of development. Yet, both conscious and unconscious mental processes are intrinsically driven by dynamic properties. We will study these properties by relying on behavioral and brain imaging methods along three tracks: 1) Unconscious perception: Our visual system is, in real life, constantly receiving unconscious sequences of information that will generate dynamic and constantly updated processing streams. We will study these dynamic unconscious streams, thanks to Gaze-Contingent Substitution, a novel approach allowing for the presentation of subliminal videos and sequences of stimuli. 2) Conscious perception: Construction of a conscious percept does not only depend on present stimulation but also on interactions with prior knowledge. Relying on the Bayesian framework, we will study the mechanisms by which prior knowledge leads to the reconstruction of perceptual contents, by "filling-in" missing information during situations of partial awareness. 3) The maturation of consciousness: Using both psychophysical measures of visibility thresholds and high-density EEG, we will study the neural distinction between conscious and unconscious processes in pre-verbal infants, and whether consciousness develops through the maturation of posterior brain regions encoding sensory information, or rather anterior prefrontal regions related to attention and executive control. The expected impact of the project will be 1) to evidence sequential and complex forms of subliminal influences 2) to specify the cognitive mechanisms leading to perceptual illusions 3) to provide new insights on the mystery of how consciousness develops in humans.

Keywords: consciousness,subliminal perception,priming,masking,infants,brain imaging,fmri