Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Underpinning the significance of circadian clock winter disruption in Poplar (WINCLOCK)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-06-01
End date: 2018-05-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Plants are able to anticipate to changes of the environmental conditions triggering self-protective developmental programs. Dormancy is a complex developmental program that allows woody plants to survive the low temperatures of winter. Dormancy, therefore, determines the geographical distribution and the developmental period of the tree, which will in turn condition both the productivity and quality of its wood. In addition to the growth-dormancy cycle of the apical and vascular cambium meristems, lateral buds developmental program is seasonally controlled in temperate woody plants. The lateral buds of most temperate woody species do not grow out during the season in which they form. These proleptic buds overwinter and grow out during the following spring. However, in Poplar and a few other temperate species, as well as many tropical species, some lateral buds grow out sylleptically, that is, they grow out during the same season in which they form without an intervening rest period. Sylleptic branching in Poplar may increase significantly branch number, leaf area and the general growth of the tree, particularly in its early years. How the temperate woody plants perceive the environmental signals such as light and temperature to establish these seasonal controlled developmental programs is still poorly understood. My research goal is to investigate the crosstalk between the internal timekeeper and mechanisms related to the control of developmental programs regulated by winter dormancy in woody plants. In this proposal I will explore two complementary angles of this research line: 1) Deciphering the molecular mechanism involved in winter disruption of circadian clock in Poplar. 2) The spatio-temporal investigation of circadian regulated CsRAV1 gene network and its transcriptional mechanism to clarify the regulatory principles of dormancy eluding. The results of this project may contribute to develop trees with increased biomass yield.

Keywords: winter dormancy,poplar branching,lignocellulosic biomass,bioenergy,circadian clock
Protein-integrated white light-emitting diodes for efficient, high-quality and biocompatible solid-state lighting (PROTEINLED)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Türkiye
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-03-01
End date: 2017-02-28
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 75000.0
EU funding (EUR): 75000.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

Green photonics aims to provide solutions that generate or save energy, reduce pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, produce environmentally sustainable outputs or enhance public health. Solid-state lighting (SSL), one of the most important green photonics technologies, offers 50% reduction in global electricity consumption for lighting that corresponds to the production by hundreds of coal plants and decrease in millions of tons of carbon emission, if the entire conventional white light sources are to be replaced with energy-efficient light emitting diodes (LEDs). However, the widely used phosphor-based white LED technology and the currently investigated nanocrystal-based white LEDs have limitations in terms of biocompatibility, energy efficiency and color quality. To this end, we propose a new class of color-conversion LEDs integrated with proteins to overcome the disadvantages of currently used and investigated color conversion materials. For this, we will work on the theoretical modeling, design, fabrication and experimental realization of these new solid-state lighting devices. The excellent optical properties of the fluorescent proteins including strong absorption, high ﬂuorescence quantum yields and high photostability will enable us to achieve efficient and stable white light generation. Furthermore, the biocompatible characteristics of the proteins have the potential to minimize the pollution caused by the color-conversion materials and make them a strong candidate for “green lighting”. These hybrid photonic devices will embody fluorescent and transparent silk-fibroin proteins on III-V InGaN/GaN light-emitting structures. This project aims for protein-integrated color-conversion white LEDs that are expected to simultaneously achieve high-quality, efficient and eco-friendly solid-state lighting. Therefore, this project offers a potential solution to help addressing economical and environmental challenges we are now facing due to the energy problem.

Keywords: protein,light emitting diode,lighting,led
Topological Quantum Devices (QTOPDEV)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-11-01
End date: 2018-10-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Topological behavior has emerged as a new paradigm in contemporary condensed matter physics. To date, only a relatively small subset of the myriad of possible topological phenomena has been accessed experimentally or utilized for technological applications. In this research program, we will consider devices synthesized of several accessible components, which can potentially allow access to new topological phases, as well as promote several important technological applications. The program consists of three main research directions. The first will focus on defects in topological phases as platforms for performing topological quantum computation. We will study the general mathematical theory describing the defects, as well as a more microscopic analysis of zero modes bound to defects. We will study the quantum information processing capabilities that can be achieved by controlling the coupling between the defects, as well as by coupling defects to external systems. We will also construct lattice models of interacting defects, and study the possible quantum phases of matter which they give rise to. A second research direction will deal with the photo-current response of hetero-structures containing topological insulators. We will study the possibility of inducing magnetic or electrostatic superlattices on topological insulator surfaces in order to enhance their photo-current harvesting capabilities. These structures may serve as a route for constructing new photo-voltaic devices. A third direction will deal with systems in which the topological phenomenon is induced dynamically by an external periodic drive. We will study theoretically the feasibility of realizing and detecting topological phenomena in a non-equilibrium setting. Such a setting will require us to consider coupling to a heat bath (e.g., phonons), interactions, and may imply a distinct response to spatial and temporal disorder.

Keywords: topological phases,topological insulators and superconductors,topological quantum computing,non-abelian anyons,quantum hall effect,spin hall effect,light-matter interaction,photovoltaic effect
Nanomechanics of proteins involved in viral and bacterial infections (INFEMEC)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2015-03-01
End date: 2019-02-28
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Viruses and bacteria utilize proteins to attach and infect cells and tissues. Viruses have envoloped proteins that especifically recongnize receptors in the surface of the target cells. HIV-1 recognices receptor CD4 in the surface of T cell throghout its envolope glycoprotein gp120. In the case of bacteria, they attach to tissues using long filament called pilus. Bacterial pilus type 1 is composed of several protein subunit arranged in chain, FimA-FimG-FimG-FimH. The more external domain, FimH, is the adhesin binding domain that establishes the mechanical anchoring to tissues. Both, bacterial and viral proteins withstand mechanical forces than can go from few piconewtons to hundreds. However, very little is known about how force modify the structure and features of these proteins and ultimately how its affects infection. In this project we aim to investigate the effect of mechanical forces in the anchoring proteins and its role during attachment. We will concentrate in viral receptors CD4 and bacterial fimbriae proteins (Fim). We will use a novel atomic force spectometer that allows us to apply calibrated forces to a single protein molecule. This technique allows also monitoring chemical reaction under force such as the reduction of disulfide bonds or the binding of peptides and antibodies. These processes are known to be implicated in the infection of viruses and bacteria and they may have a mechanical origin. We will use bioinformatics and high-throughout screening techniques to identify molecules that alter the nanomecanichs of these anchoring proteins and that can potentially be used to prevent infections.

Keywords: mechanicao force,viral receptor,bacterial pilus,atomic force microscopy,antibody
Inertial Imaging with Nanoelectromechanical Systems (NEMS INERTIAL IMAGE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Türkiye
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-03-01
End date: 2018-02-28
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Nano-electromechanical Systems (NEMS) are extremely sensitive detectors of physical parameters. In recent years, the applications of NEMS in mass sensing have gained importance through demonstrations of mass sensitivities at the atomic level and mass measurements of single protein molecules. These demonstrations show that is possible to perform biochemical analysis through NEMS mass measurements (NEMS Mass Spectrometry) especially for physiologically important large molecules and biostructures. The NEMS literature so far has always treated these large molecules as point-particles; however considering the miniaturization trend of NEMS and the significant size of targeted large molecules, this assumption is getting less applicable for experiments. In this project, we demonstrate how we can theoretically and experimentally measure the total mass of an arbitrary mass distribution on NEMS through simultaneous measurements of multiple modes. Furthermore we show that this method can be used to obtain important spatial information about the measured molecule, such as its average position, the variance of its density distribution, the skewness of the molecule etc. This extra characterization modality expands the capabilities of NEMS devices: one can obtain, for instance, the effective density of the sample being measured by combining mass and extent (variance) information. With the proposed technique it is possible to obtain an approximate image of an adsorbed molecule by reconstructing the density profile using the measured moments of the distribution. In the project, multimodal NEMS devices will be fabricated, electronic and vacuum systems to perform the measurements will be constructed and up to the third moment (mass, position, variance and skewness) of different analytes (nanoparticles and biomolecules) will be obtained. The project will be the first step for the development of a novel, powerful NEMS sensing tool and facilitate the integration process of the researcher.

Keywords: nems nanoelectromechanical systems mass spectrometry molecular imaging
Dynamic Optimal Taxation with Human Capital Formation (OPTITAX)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Czechia
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-05-01
End date: 2018-09-29
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

In the proposed research project I plan to investigate optimal tax policies and efficient allocations in an environment where people can increase their skills either by formal schooling or by informal schooling like on the job training. Unlike the existing dynamic optimal tax literature I plan to explicitly consider both formal and informal schooling. This will allow me to analyze two distinct dimensions of the optimal schooling policies, and to assess and compare the potential welfare gains from both. I also plan to solve the problem under realistic assumptions about the heterogeneity in the economy. In particular, I will allow for heterogeneity in both abilities, and in realized returns to human capital over a life-cycle. Models with both of those elements have been successful in replicating and explaining the distribution of earnings and consumption observed in the data. The project's main contribution is to study optimal taxation with human capital in a framework that is both realistic enough to be useful for policy analysis, and at the same time tractable enough to allow us to carry out the analysis. Its ambition is to come up with quantitative findings that will set a benchmark for the literature studying optimal taxation with human capital formation.

Keywords: optimal taxation,human capital,private information,dynamic contracts
Reconstructing and Interpreting the Forcing of Climate using Sulfur and Carbon Isotopes (REINFORCE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-03-01
End date: 2018-02-28
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Anthropogenic emissions of CO2 have increased dramatically over the past ~200 yr, and are likely to continue to increase in the coming decades [IPCC, 2007]. It is a first order goal of the scientific community to understand the implications of this perturbation on the climate system. Climate change predictions from model simulations rely on reconstructions of climate forcings and responses that often cannot be directly measured. Isotopes provide a useful tool to track climate-related processes today and in the geologic past, thus extending our understanding of forcings beyond the instrumental record. At University of St Andrews I will be setting up and developing new and established isotope techniques to further our understanding of climate forcings, responses, and feedbacks on decadal to millennial timescales. There are two distinct yet complementary projects that will form the basis of my research in my first four years at St Andrews, that address gaps in our knowledge of recent climate forcings and that take advantage of the diverse skill set that I am bringing to the EU. I will use a novel technique to measure sulfur isotopes in ice cores to improve the record of climate forcing by sulfate aerosols over the past 2000 yr. By measuring the mass independent fractionation of sulfur from volcanic eruptions recorded in ice cores, it will be possible to determine which volcanoes over the past two millennia were stratospheric, and hence climatically important. I will also use radiocarbon in deep-sea corals to reconstruct the pre-bomb (pre-1950) radiocarbon inventory in the Southern Ocean. This will help constrain the current uptake of anthropogenic CO2 by the ocean, as it will be used to validate carbon cycling in ocean-atmosphere general circulation models.

Keywords: climate,isotope geochemistry,radiocarbon,sulfur,carbon,ice cores,deep-sea corals,oceanography,volcanic aerosols
Neuronal circuits and synaptic mechanisms of experience-dependent plasticity (IN VIVO PLASTICITY)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-03-01
End date: 2018-02-28
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The overall theme of this proposal is to understand how cortical circuits are modified by experience. I propose to determine the cellular and synaptic basis of long-term experience-dependent potentiation of visual responses in the adult primary visual cortex. My hypothesis is that changes in cortical inhibition from specific classes of interneurons underlie the potentiation of excitatory neuron responses to visual stimuli. I will test this hypothesis in vivo, in the mouse primary visual cortex, using two-photon calcium imaging. I propose to image the activity of genetically-defined types of neurons in layers 2/3 and 4, during and after induction of long-term plasticity by repetitive presentation of a given visual stimulus. I will then determine the synaptic correlates of these activity changes both in excitatory and in the relevant inhibitory neurons. The proposal is organized around 4 questions: 1. Which excitatory and inhibitory neuronal populations are involved in long-term potentiation of visual responses? 2. How does experience alter the functional properties of synapses and dendritic integration in excitatory neurons? 3. How does experience alter synaptic inputs and dendritic integration in inhibitory neurons? 4. How are experience-dependent synaptic mechanisms impaired in a mouse model of autistic spectrum disorders? Revealing how cortical responses are strengthened by experience will suggest possible strategies to augment such changes and promote functional recovery, for example, to increase the impact of perceptual learning for the recovery of visual function in amblyopic patients, after stroke or after traumatic brain injury in the visual cortex. Finally, these results will also elucidate potential specific defects in inhibition in Fragile X mouse models, and thus give insights into whether and how targeted GABAergic drugs could be of therapeutic value in this disorder.

Keywords: primary visual cortex,two-photon imaging,calcium imaging,in vivo,spines,interneurons,inhibition,mouse,vision,autistic spectrum disorders
Entangled histories of 'Nature' in the landscape discourses of early modern China and Europe (NATURE ENTANGLED)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-10-01
End date: 2018-09-30
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Chinese landscape gardens has focused European imagination in the 17th-18th century. Its naturalness is often considered as a source of the naturalistic English landscape garden. It is not understood today that this fascination was a reflection of many shifts of ideas in European societies and sciences – from moral philosophy to governance, from geology to physiology ― all interacting with flows of knowledge from China. The project reveals the historical legacy shared between China and Europe in constructing a ‘natural’ living environment in order to improve the well-being of citizens, the state, and the planet. This project will not only enhance the understanding of reciprocity between European and Chinese cultures, but will also shed light on contemporary discourses of how human engagement in modernity may contribute to a better society and a greener planet. The CIG funding will deepen the ‘Entangled landscapes’ paradigm which I had successfully initiated as an EU Marie Curie IEF Fellow through innovative understanding of the entanglements between the Chinese and European landscape representations. Whereas the IEF examined landscape representations, the CIG focuses on ‘Nature’ as a cultural product. Furthermore, the new CIG project develops a set of four innovative methods for deepening the ‘entangled landscapes’ paradigm. The CIG is designed to help my integration at the University of Exeter. It will allow me both to establish the ‘Entangled landscapes’ paradigm as a sub-field in Europe-China relations at the University of Exeter and develop a new European Network of Excellence on ‘Nature and Modernity: landscape between China and Europe,’ thereby drawing Exeter from the margins of Europe to the centre of European and global scholarship on European-Chinese transcultural studies.

Keywords: nature,entangled histories,landscape,entangled landscapes,china and europe,network of excellence