Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
New European Crimes and Trust-based Policy (FIDUCIA)

Framework: FP7 — Cooperation
Programme: Socio-economic sciences and Humanities
Destination: Major trends in society and their implications
Action type: Collaborative project
Countries involved: Italy,Belgium,Bulgaria,Greece,Finland,United Kingdom,Hungary,Germany,United Kingdom,Spain,Lithuania,Türkiye
Call:  (FP7-SSH-2011-2, 2011)
Start date: 2012-02-01
End date: 2015-05-31
Duration (months): 40.0
Total project cost (EUR): 3338900.0
EU funding (EUR): 2699880.0
Participants: 13
Project status: CLOSED

The FIDUCIA project will shed light on a number of distinctively "new European” criminal acts that have emerged in the last decade as a consequence of technological developments and the increased mobility of populations across Europe. The objective of the project is to develop policy responses to “new” forms of deviant behaviours that are also highly relevant to responding to “conventional” forms of criminality. The FIDUCIA concept stems from the idea that public trust (in latin, "fiducia") in justice is critically important for social regulation, in that it leads to public acceptance of the legitimacy of institutions of justice and thus compliance with the law. The project will investigate whether a change of direction in criminal policy – from deterrence strategies and penal populism to procedural justice and trust-based policy – is desirable, and in what terms. While traditional research is primarily concerned on “why people break the law”, the focus in FIDUCIA is on “why people obey to the law”. The FIDUCIA consortium will conduct four case studies of new forms of criminality that reflect – in various ways – the development of supra-national structures and processes across Europe. The four crime categories are: a) trafficking of human beings; b) trafficking of goods; c) the criminalisation of migration and ethnic minorities; and d) cyber-crimes. In addition, FIDUCIA will examine questions of criminalisation; assess the importance of public trust in justice and beliefs about the legitimacy of their own criminal justice system; and explore whether trust-based regulation makes sense at a supra-national level. The findings will inform an innovative model of “trust-based” policy with a raft of far-reaching recommendations for politicians and law-makers in Member States and the institutions of the European Union.

Keywords: criminal behaviours,deviance,trust,criminal policy,criminal justice,criminal law,internal security strategy,human trafficking,cybercrimes,migration
Accretion and Early Differentiation of the Earth and Terrestrial Planets (ACCRETE)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Earth system science
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (ERC-2011-ADG_20110209, 2011)
Start date: 2012-05-01
End date: 2018-04-30
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1826200.0
EU funding (EUR): 1826200.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Formation of the Earth and the other terrestrial planets of our Solar System (Mercury, Venus and Mars) commenced 4.568 billion years ago and occurred on a time scale of about 100 million years. These planets grew by the process of accretion, which involved numerous collisions with smaller (Moon- to Mars-size) bodies. Impacts with such bodies released sufficient energy to cause large-scale melting and the formation of deep “magma oceans”. Such magma oceans enabled liquid metal to separate from liquid silicate, sink and accumulate to form the metallic cores of the planets. Thus core formation in terrestrial planets was a multistage process, intimately related to the major impacts during accretion, that determined the chemistry of planetary mantles. However, until now, accretion, as modelled by astrophysicists, and core formation, as modelled by geochemists, have been treated as completely independent processes. The fundamental and crucial aim of this ambitious interdisciplinary proposal is to integrate astrophysical models of planetary accretion with geochemical models of planetary differentiation together with cosmochemical constraints obtained from meteorites. The research will involve integrating new models of planetary accretion with core formation models based on the partitioning of a large number of elements between liquid metal and liquid silicate that we will determine experimentally at pressures up to about 100 gigapascals (equivalent to 2400 km deep in the Earth). By comparing our results with the known physical and chemical characteristics of the terrestrial planets, we will obtain a comprehensive understanding of how these planets formed, grew and evolved, both physically and chemically, with time. The integration of chemistry and planetary differentiation with accretion models is a new ground-breaking concept that will lead, through synergies and feedback, to major new advances in the Earth and planetary sciences.

Keywords: earth formation planetary differentiation volatile elements
Growth-Innovation-Competitiveness: Fostering Cohesion in Central and Eastern Europe (GRINCOH)

Framework: FP7 — Cooperation
Programme: Socio-economic sciences and Humanities
Destination: Combining economic, social and environmental objectives in a European perspective
Action type: Collaborative project
Countries involved: Poland,Austria,Hungary,United Kingdom,Germany,United Kingdom,Italy,Romania,Finland,Estonia,Slovenia
Call:  (FP7-SSH-2011-2, 2011)
Start date: 2012-03-01
End date: 2015-02-28
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 3470084.0
EU funding (EUR): 2697875.0
Participants: 12
Project status: CLOSED

GRINCOH addresses two issues affecting Central and Eastern European economies: the disjuncture between fast productivity growth and poor performance in developing innovative capacities for longer-term sustainable growth; and the pronounced economic, social and environmental territorial disparities resulting from accelerated growth. The project objectives are to: (a) establish development scenarios for CEECs up to 2020 under different assumptions of political frameworks, institutional conditions and development strategies; (b) identify the implications for sustainable growth – based on innovation and the development of technological capabilities – and greater economic, social and territorial cohesion; and (c) advise on future policy options, especially for EU Cohesion policy. Carried out by 12 highly qualified European research institutes, the envisaged research explores whether and how CEE development strategies can shift towards an ‘innovation-driven process of development’, vital for sustainable growth (and cohesion) in the current global and European context. The project will cover in depth the international context, innovation and entrepreneurship, skills and labour market inclusion, social policy tasks, territorial cohesion, institutional changes, and the shape of a consistent cohesion policy framework at regional, national and EU levels. The project will also use a comprehensive macro-regional model (MASST) to develop scenarios up to the year 2020.

Keywords: cohesion,central and eastern europe,regional,territorial and social cohesion
Arithmetic of automorphic motives (AAMOT)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Mathematical foundations
Countries involved: France
Call:  (ERC-2011-ADG_20110209, 2011)
Start date: 2012-06-01
End date: 2018-08-31
Duration (months): 75.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1491348.0
EU funding (EUR): 1491348.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

The primary purpose of this project is to build on recent spectacular progress in the Langlands program to study the arithmetic properties of automorphic motives constructed in the cohomology of Shimura varieties. Because automorphic methods are available to study the L-functions of these motives, which include elliptic curves and certain families of Calabi-Yau varieties over totally real fields (possibly after base change), they represent the most accessible class of varieties for which one can hope to verify fundamental conjectures on special values of L-functions, including Deligne's conjecture and the Main Conjecture of Iwasawa theory. Immediate goals include the proof of irreducibility of automorphic Galois representations; the establishment of period relations for automorphic and potentially automorphic realizations of motives in the cohomology of distinct Shimura varieties; the construction of p-adic L-functions for these and related motives, notably adjoint and tensor product L-functions in p-adic families; and the geometrization of the p-adic and mod p Langlands program. All four goals, as well as the others mentioned in the body of the proposal, are interconnected; the final goal provides a bridge to related work in geometric representation theory, algebraic geometry, and mathematical physics.

Keywords: automorphic representation,shimura variety,l-function,galois representation,p-adic representation theory
Multiscale Analysis and Design for Process Intensification and Innovation (MADPII)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Products and process engineering
Countries involved: Belgium
Call:  (ERC-2011-ADG_20110209, 2011)
Start date: 2012-05-01
End date: 2017-04-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2494700.0
EU funding (EUR): 2494700.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The current pressures on the major industrial players have necessitated a more urgent push for increased productivity, process efficiency, and waste reduction; i.e. process intensification. Future sizable improvements in these entrenched industrial processes will require either completely novel production technologies, fundamental analysis/modeling methods, or a combination of both. This proposal aims to approach this challenge by using multiscale modeling and experimentation on three fronts: (1) detailed analysis of industrial processes to generate new fundamental chemical understanding, (2) multiscale modeling and evaluation of high-volume chemical processes using a multiscale approach and fundamental chemical understanding, and (3) show the practical applicability of the multiscale approach and use it to critically examine novel technologies in the context of industrial processes. The novel technology portion of this proposal will be focused around a class known as rotating bed reactors in a static geometry (RBR-SG). We will investigate three processes that could benefit from RBR-SG technology: (1) fast pyrolysis of biomass, (2) gasification of biomass, and (3) short contact time catalytic partial oxidation of light hydrocarbons. Experimental reactor and kinetic work and validated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of the process mentioned above will be used. We will construct two RBR-SG units; heat transfer, adsorption, and pyrolysis gas/solid experiments will be performed in one, while non-reacting flow tests will be performed in the other with other phase combinations. Detailed kinetic models will provide novel insights into the reaction dynamics and impact other research and technologies. The combination of kinetic and CFD models will clearly demonstrate the benefits of a multiscale approach, will definitively identify the process(es) benefitting most from RBR-SG technology, and will enable a first design of the RBR-SG based on our results.

Keywords: reactor engineering,reaction engineering,biomass,pyrolysis,gasification,partial oxidation,rotating bed reactor,cfd,experimental
Size effects in fracture and plasticity (SIZEFFECTS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Products and process engineering
Countries involved: Italy,Italy
Call:  (ERC-2011-ADG_20110209, 2011)
Start date: 2012-03-01
End date: 2018-02-28
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2500000.0
EU funding (EUR): 2500000.0
Participants: 3
Project status: CLOSED

Understanding how materials respond to external mechanical perturbation is a central problem of science and engineering. While for most practical purposes it is useful to idealize the mechanical response of a material as a deterministic function of the externally applied perturbation, disorder and fluctuations are unavoidable, leading to sample-to-sample variations and non-trivial size effects. The size dependence of strength is a well known but still unresolved issue in the fracture of materials and structures. The difficulty in addressing this problem stems from the complex interplay between microstructual heterogeneity and long-range elastic interactions. Furthermore, in micro and nanoscale samples, the plastic yield strength displays size effects and strain bursts, features that are not present in macroscopic samples where plasticity is a smooth process. Large fluctuations both in fracture processes and in microscale plasticity make the use of conventional continuum mechanics problematic and calls instead for a statistically based approach. These problems are becoming particularly important in the current miniaturization trend towards nanoscale devices, since the relative amplitude of fluctuations grows as the sample size is reduced. In this project, concepts and tools of statistical mechanics are used to address size effects and fluctuations in the irreversible deformation and failure of materials. The general objective is to provide a quantitative theory that can be used as base for setting reliable safety factors. The theory will be based on the renormalization group and will be guided and validated by large scale numerical simulations such as molecular dynamics, discrete dislocation dynamics and disordered network models. Finally, we will analyze experimental data present in the literature.

Keywords: fracture,plasticity,dislocations,cracks
Physics of the Solar Chromosphere (CHROMPHYS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Universe sciences
Countries involved: Norway
Call:  (ERC-2011-ADG_20110209, 2011)
Start date: 2012-01-01
End date: 2016-12-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2487600.0
EU funding (EUR): 2487600.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

CHROMPHYS aims at a breakthrough in our understanding of the solar chromosphere by combining the development of sophisticated radiation-magnetohydrodynamic simulations with observations from the upcoming NASA SMEX mission Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS). The enigmatic chromosphere is the transition between the solar surface and the eruptive outer solar atmosphere. The chromosphere harbours and constrains the mass and energy loading processes that define the heating of the corona, the acceleration and the composition of the solar wind, and the energetics and triggering of solar outbursts (filament eruptions, flares, coronal mass ejections) that govern near-Earth space weather and affect mankind's technological environment. CHROMPHYS targets the following fundamental physics questions about the chromospheric role in the mass and energy loading of the corona: - Which types of non-thermal energy dominate in the chromosphere and beyond? - How does the chromosphere regulate mass and energy supply to the corona and the solar wind? - How do magnetic flux and matter rise through the chromosphere? - How does the chromosphere affect the free magnetic energy loading that leads to solar eruptions? CHROMPHYS proposes to answer these by producing a new, physics based vista of the chromosphere through a three-fold effort: - develop the techniques of high-resolution numerical MHD physics to the level needed to realistically predict and analyse small-scale chromospheric structure and dynamics, - optimise and calibrate diverse observational diagnostics by synthesizing these in detail from the simulations, and - obtain and analyse data from IRIS using these diagnostics complemented by data from other space missions and the best solar telescopes on the ground.

Keywords: chromosphere,mhd
The analysis of the Dirac operator: the hypoelliptic Laplacian and its applications (ANALYSISDIRAC)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Mathematical foundations
Countries involved: France
Call:  (ERC-2011-ADG_20110209, 2011)
Start date: 2012-02-01
End date: 2017-01-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1112400.0
EU funding (EUR): 1112400.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This proposal is devoted to the applications of a new hypoelliptic Dirac operator, whose analytic properties have been studied by Lebeau and myself. Its construction connects classical Hodge theory with the geodesic flow, and more generally any geometrically defined Hodge Laplacian with a dynamical system on the cotangent bundle. The proper description of this object can be given in analytic, index theoretic and probabilistic terms, which explains both its potential many applications, and also its complexity.

Keywords: analysis,probability,and geometry
Driven Glasses: from statistical physics to materials properties (GLASSDEF)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Condensed matter physics
Countries involved: France
Call:  (ERC-2011-ADG_20110209, 2011)
Start date: 2012-07-01
End date: 2017-06-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1763858.4
EU funding (EUR): 1763858.4
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

Amorphous systems form a large fraction of the solid materials that surround us, from polymer glasses to mineral or metallic glasses, from toothpaste (a colloidal paste) to granular materials. Still, a theoretical framework for describing the mechanical properties of such materials, comparable to the dislocation theory that describes crystalline systems, is still missing. Our understanding of prominent experimental feature such as the heterogeneous character of deformation, or the temperature and rate dependence of the mechanical response, is very limited. These materials indeed combine several difficulties. In contrast to liquids or crystals, they are intrinsically out of equilibrium, and their microstructure presents a large statistical distribution of mechanically distinct local environments. The importance of the notion of heterogeneity in the mechanical behaviour of amorphous systems is being increasingly recognized, still there is no numerical or theoretical model that incorporates this microscopic feature into a macroscopic description of deformation and flow. The aim of the proposed research program is to build such models, within a multiscale approach seeking inspiration from dislocation dynamics, from the statistical physics of glasses and from the physics of dynamical critical phenomena. The proposed approach is based on a combination of intensive numerical simulations at the atomic scale and at a coarse grained scale, which will necessitate the development of efficient numerical schemes. The statistical analysis will allow us to understand the universal and non universal features of material behaviour in terms of the interactions between the atomic constituents, and to establish the validity and importance of new concepts such as mechanical activation or dynamical heterogeneities.

Keywords: glasses,rheology,plasticity numerical modelling,statistical physics
Homogeneous Flows and their Application in Kinetic Theory (HFAKT)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Mathematical foundations
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2011-ADG_20110209, 2011)
Start date: 2012-04-01
End date: 2017-03-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1339620.0
EU funding (EUR): 1339620.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Since the pioneering work of Maxwell and Boltzmann in the 1860s and 1870s, a major challenge in mathematical physics has been the derivation of macroscopic evolution equations from the fundamental microscopic laws of classical or quantum mechanics. The key idea of the present proposal is to introduce a renormalization technique that will provide a new route to attack some of the most important questions in the kinetic theory of gases. This technique uses the ergodic theory of flows on homogeneous spaces (homogeneous flows for short), and builds on my recent breakthrough in the case of the Lorentz gas (in joint with Andreas Strömbergsson, Uppsala). The key feature of the proposed approach is measure rigidity, a deep and powerful technical tool that has so far mainly seen success in solving long-standing problems in number theory and quantum chaos. The arguments developed in this proposal are not only interesting from a rigorous mathematical viewpoint, but also yield a heuristic mechanism for finding previously unknown kinetic transport equations that incorporate the effects of long-range order in microscopic particle distributions. This project joins together two distinct research fields, kinetic theory and the ergodic theory of flows on homogeneous spaces. If successful, the proposed research will constitute a significant breakthrough in the subject.

Keywords: flows on homogeneous spaces,measure rigidity,boltzmann equation,lorentz gas,kinetic transport