Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Harvesting Non-Classical Fluctuations with Thermal Machines (QUANTUM HARVEST)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Physics
Countries involved: Sweden
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2017, 2017)
Start date: 2018-07-01
End date: 2020-12-21
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 185857.2
EU funding (EUR): 185857.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The goal of this action is to contribute towards the development of thermal machines which harvest the thermal as well as quantum fluctuations that are present in nanoscopic devices. To this end, a better understanding of fluctuations in thermal machines is required. The present proposal therefore includes a thorough investigation of fluctuations in quantum thermal machines. A focus lies on the non-classical character of these fluctuations and on the extraction of work from quantum heat engines. The proposal is divided into four work packages. In order to certify non-classical behavior, the first work package develops appropriate witnesses of non-classicality. The fluctuations in thermal machines are then investigated in three complementary work packages. Work package two investigates the fluctuations of heat, work, and efficiency in heat engine models. Non-classical behavior is expected to manifest itself in these fluctuations. A novel, Keldysh type input-output formalism will be developed to go beyond the standard regime of weak coupling between machine and thermal reservoirs. Work package three focuses on fluctuations that arise due to the finite size of thermal reservoirs present in mesoscopic systems. To this end, a novel formalism based on stochastic path integrals and quantum master equations will be developed. Work package four finally focuses on the crossover from a classical to a quantum regime. To this end, thermodynamic processes such as the expansion of a gas are investigated. Explicitly taking into account how work is extracted from the system, back-action effects from the corresponding quantum measurement are investigated. Together, these work packages give a rather complete picture on different types of fluctuations in quantum thermal machines. This is expected to settle the open question of a quantum advantage in thermal machines and will likely lead to novel types of machines which harvest thermal as well as quantum fluctuations.

Keywords: quantum thermodynamics,quantum thermal machines,fluctuations,full counting statistics,open quantum systems,non classical correlations,entanglement
Medical translation in the history of modern genomics (TRANSGENE)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: The study of the human past
Panel description: Archaeology, history and memory
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call: ERC Starting Grant (ERC-2015-STG, 2015)
Start date: 2016-10-01
End date: 2022-03-31
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1498708.0
EU funding (EUR): 1498708.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The translation of basic biomedical research into clinical practice has become a central concern for science policy. Policies to foster translation are being applied to large amounts of genomic information available in open-access databases. This information is the result of concerted initiatives that, in the early 2000s, determined the full genetic sequence that characterises humans and other organisms. However, when the initiatives started the goal of determining the full sequence and making the resulting information available was not universally supported. My project will investigate how and why this objective of completing the sequence was adopted in preference to other models that prioritised the usability of the data. Newly available archives suggest that the yeast, human and pig genome initiatives underwent crucial changes from the mid-1980s onwards. In their early years, the priority had been rapid translation of results into the improvement of human and animal health. Consequently, sequence determination was limited to small areas of the genome for which there was an existing medical interest. However, as the initiatives progressed the systematic sequencing of the full genome prevailed over those approaches. My project will follow the development of these sidelined models that sought to use the sequences as they were produced, in order to investigate their significance for current translational research policies. I will develop a collaborative framework in which archival research will be combined with insights from social studies of science and innovation studies. By doing this, I seek to bridge the current fragmentation between history of science and other fields of science studies focused on present-day events. In my project, biomedical translation will be approached as a historical process that unfolds over time and can be investigated with a cross-disciplinary set of tools, to be commonly applied to historical, contemporary and prospective studies.
Advanced VR, iMmersive serious games and Augmented REality as tools to raise awareness and access to European underwater CULTURal heritagE. (iMARECULTURE)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Societal Challenges
Programme: Europe in a changing world - inclusive, innovative and reflective societies
Theme: Reflective societies - cultural heritage and European identity
Action type: Research and Innovation actions
Countries involved: Italy,Italy,Cyprus,Bosnia and Herzegovina,Hungary,France,France,Czechia,Portugal,Canada
Call: Virtual museums and social platform on European digital heritage, memory, identity and cultural interaction. (H2020-SC6-CULT-COOP-2016, 2016)
Start date: 2016-11-01
End date: 2020-01-31
Duration (months): 39.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2644025.0
EU funding (EUR): 2370275.0
Participants: 13
Project status: CLOSED

iMARECULTURE is focusing in raising European identity awareness using maritime and underwater cultural interaction and exchange in Mediterranean sea. Commercial ship routes joining Europe with other cultures are vivid examples of cultural interaction, while shipwrecks and submerged sites, unreachable to wide public are excellent samples that can benefit from immersive technologies, augmented and virtual reality. iMARECULTURE will bring inherently unreachable underwater cultural heritage within digital reach of the wide public using virtual visits and immersive technologies. Apart from reusing existing 3D data of underwater shipwrecks and sites, with respect to ethics, rights and licensing, to provide a personalized dry visit to a museum visitor or augmented reality to the diver, it also emphasizes on developing pre- and after- encounter of the digital visitor. The former one is implemented exploiting geospatial enabled technologies for developing a serious game of sailing over ancient Mediterranean and the latter for an underwater shipwreck excavation game. Both games are realized thought social media, in order to facilitate information exchange among users. iMARECULTURE supports dry visits by providing immersive experience through VR Cave and 3D info kiosks on museums or through the web. Additionally aims to significantly enhance the experience of the diver, visitor or scholar, using underwater augmented reality in a tablet and an underwater housing. iMARECULTURE is composed by universities and SMEs with experience in diverse underwater projects, existing digital libraries, and people many of which are divers themselves.

Keywords: underwater,archaeological sites,shipwrecks,maritime,augmented reality,serious games,immersive,holography
Prognosis and Diagnosis of Protein Misfolding Diseases by Seeded Aggregation in Microspheres (BeadDiagnosis)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Proof of concept grants
Action type: ERC actions
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call: ERC Proof of Concept Grant (ERC-2014-PoC, 2014)
Start date: 2015-08-01
End date: 2017-01-31
Duration (months): 18.0
Total project cost (EUR): 149972.0
EU funding (EUR): 149972.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

There is currently no early detection system for neurological protein misfolding disorders (such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases) that would satisfy the demands for rapid, quantitative, flexible, and reproducible assays to study amyloidogenesis in biological samples. We will explore the potential of aggregation assays in microdroplets that are formed in microfluidic devices. We have found that the readout of this assay reflects the disease progression, when samples of Drosophila fruit fly brains and mouse brain and serum are analysed. We will use this PoC project explore the utility of this technology to report on aggregation of amyloid precursors in human biological samples, to test whether the potential of this technology extends to patients diagnosis and prognosis. Such data would resolve the question whether our early diagnosis system is immediately useful in a medical context and strengthen the case for venture capital funding.

Keywords: microfluidics,analytical chemistry,microengineering,protein aggregation,droplet compartmentalisation,diagnostic assays,protein misfolding,alzheimer s,disease,neurodegenerative diseases
Nanowires to study single synapses in patterned neuronal networks. (NanoSyNNets)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Life Sciences
Countries involved: Denmark
Call: Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships (IF-EF) (H2020-MSCA-IF-2014, 2014)
Start date: 2015-03-01
End date: 2017-10-21
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 212194.8
EU funding (EUR): 212194.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

In neuronal networks of the brain, synapses are the connection points between neurons. The dynamics (or plasticity) of these synapses allow us to think, learn and memorize. A deeper understanding of these phenomena requires investigations of single synapses. Synapses have been intensively studied in vivo but in such studies the physiological complexity limits the investigations at the single synapses level. Despite tremendous technical and conceptual advances of in vivo studies, we miss (1) a better understanding of the mechanics of synapses formation; (2) observing directly the chemical activity at single synapses; (3) investigating the role of neuronal network topology in synaptic plasticity. These classical limitations can now be overcome by alternative in vitro approaches, using recent technological advances in microfluidics and nano-technologies. The aim of NANOSYNNETS is to use vertical arrays of NANOwires (aNWs) to study in vitro the formation and plasticity of single SYnapses in Neuronal NETworkS with controlled topologies. With my expertise in growing controlled neuronal networks in microfluidic chips, I decided to join the one of the leading group in bio-nanotechnologies, lead by Karen Martinez (KM) and based at the NanoScience Center (NSC) of the University of Copenhagen (UCPH), to exploit novel technologies for the investigation of in vitro single synapse formation, activity and plasticity. This novel approach will give a complementary and cutting-edge point of view to classical in vivo studies of synapses and will thereby provide unmatched insights into neurobiology and will shed new lights on unanswered questions in learning mechanisms or neuronal communication.

Keywords: nanowires,synapses,neuronal networks,synaptic plasticity
Do Legislatures Enhance Democracy in Africa? (DLEDA)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Panel description: Political science, international relations, law
Countries involved: Germany,Germany
Call: ERC Starting Grant (ERC-2017-STG, 2017)
Start date: 2018-08-01
End date: 2024-07-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1489925.0
EU funding (EUR): 127889.11
Participants: 2
Project status: SIGNED

Do Legislatures Enhance Democracy in Africa? This project seeks to investigate the role of legislatures in African electoral authoritarian regimes. There are two opposing theoretical views: While several studies have found that holding elections, introducing a national assembly and a multiparty system prolongs the life of autocracies, other authors claim the exact opposite: in their view, the more successive multiparty elections take place, the more democratic a regime becomes. Answering these questions is difficult due to the opaqueness of authoritarian regimes. Moreover, most work has concentrated on only a few cases – African cases, in particular, have remained largely absent from the research agenda. This project attempts to fill these gaps by collecting data on authoritarian legislatures in seven African countries. We focus on three areas of investigation: 1) law-making; 2) interaction patterns and political dialogue between the ruling party and the opposition; and 3) representation and constituency responsiveness. The main question is whether legislatures in authoritarian countries actually have a potential to enhance democracy. We use a Mixed Methods-Design which combines qualitative and quantitative data. To answer Question 1, we use content analysis of parliamentary debates. For Question 2 and 3, we will conduct full population surveys in the national assemblies of our seven countries. We will collect biographical and opinion data, as well as data on the social interactions between government and opposition, which will be analyzed with the methods of Social Network Analysis. Furthermore, we employ process tracing to understand the causal mechanism between legislative behaviour and the level of democracy. With a strong team of partner institutions in seven African countries, this project fills a research gap by collecting extensive and systematic empirical evidence on legislative behaviour in electoral autocracies for the first time.

Keywords: electoral authoritarianism,africa,democratization,legislatures
Super-resolution visualisation and manipulation of metaphase chromosomes (CHROMAVISION)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Future and Emerging Technologies (FET)
Theme: EIC Pathfinder
Destination: Novel ideas for radically new technologies
Action type: Research and Innovation actions
Countries involved: Netherlands,Denmark,Denmark,United Kingdom
Call: FET-Open research projects (H2020-FETOPEN-2014-2015-RIA, 2014)
Start date: 2015-06-01
End date: 2019-05-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 3567025.0
EU funding (EUR): 3567025.0
Participants: 5
Project status: CLOSED

CHROMAVISION aims to develop a pioneering chromosome imaging and manipulation platform that will fuel the next decades of structural chromosome research. Chromosomal abnormalities are characteristic of many disorders such as cancer, impaired fertility due to maternal aging, and neurological disorders such as fragile X syndrome. If humanity is to fully understand the wide range of diseases that are associated to errors in cell division, we must be able to further 'zoom in' on healthy and diseased chromosomes in all their complexity. The CHROMAVISION platform will allow molecular biologists to automatically isolate individual chromosomes from small tissue or cell samples and have these delivered to a super-resolution microscope. Chromosome isolation and delivery is achieved by an opto-fluidic chip that is able to trap, visualise and lyse individual cells and separate metaphase chromosomes from cell lysate. Single chromosomes can be “hand-selected” and brought into focus of the Super-Resolution Correlative Tweezers Fluorescence Microscope (CTFM-SR3D) that is developed in CHROMAVISION. This instrument will for the first time enable 3D, super-resolution, real-time metaphase chromosome observation and manipulation studies under near-physiological conditions. The technique will push the boundaries of what is currently possible in microfluidics and super-resolution microscopy and combine these into a single powerful approach for chromosome studies. Furthermore, the platform will be applied in CHROMAVISION to address key challenges in clinical and fundamental chromosome research, potentially resulting in breakthrough discoveries. Better imaging and understanding of the chromosomal mechanisms will contribute to our knowledge of the etiology of human diseases and aid drug discovery. The platform will also have large clinical value, allowing identification and monitoring of e.g. cancer heterogeneity.

Keywords: super resolution microscopy,chromosomes,imaging,microfluidics,lab on a chip
Advanced Smart-grid Power dIstRibution systEm (ASPIRE)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Societal Challenges
Programme: Smart, green and integrated transport
Theme: Public-private partnerships
Destination: Clean Sky 2
Action type: Research and Innovation actions
Partnership: CS2 (Art-187)
Countries involved: Italy,Italy,United Kingdom
Call: Smart-grid converter (H2020-CS2-CFP02-2015-01, 2015)
Start date: 2016-09-01
End date: 2020-02-29
Duration (months): 42.0
Total project cost (EUR): 820162.5
EU funding (EUR): 820162.0
Participants: 3
Project status: CLOSED

The ASPIRE Consortium will bring together their world-leading expertise in aircraft Electrical Power Systems (EPS) and Power Electronics (PE) in order to design, develop and manufacture an innovative DC/DC resonant cellular converter with automatic inversion functionality. This will be a key component in the creation and demonstration of an advanced Electrical Power Distribution System (EPDS) with Enhanced Electrical Energy Management (E2-EM) capability. The ASPIRE Consortium will combine world-leading expertise in technical areas of PE conversion, EPS, smart-girds and their control, as well as in modelling and simulation for aerospace applications to enable step change in the design and development of future aircraft electrical power systems by making them “smart” and more efficient hence contributing towards more efficient, more-green aviation. Due to the leading roles played by the ASPIRE Coordinator, UNOTT, on international aerospace standards committee for aircraft electric systems (SAE AE-7), ASPIRE results will be integrated into the development of future standards for aircraft EPS architectures and concepts, demonstrating international impact of the project in addition to enabling further developments in REG IADP by development and implementation of smart-grid concept of Topic REG-01-10.

Keywords: power converter,smart grid,more electric aircraft,electrical architecture
Antibiotic resistance-free meat and dairy products (ARMeD_free)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Societal Challenges
Programme: Food security, sustainable agriculture and forestry, marine and maritime and inland water research and the bioeconomy
Theme: Sustainable agriculture and forestry
Action type: SME instrument
Countries involved: Italy
Call: Stimulating the innovation potential of SMEs for sustainable and competitive agriculture, forestry, agri-food and bio-based sectors (H2020-SMEINST-1-2016-2017, 2016)
Start date: 2017-02-01
End date: 2017-05-31
Duration (months): 4.0
Total project cost (EUR): 71429.0
EU funding (EUR): 50000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Antibiotic resistance is an increasingly serious European and global health issue both for humans and animals, limiting the treatment options — or making them less effective — while decreasing the quality of life. It also entails serious economic consequences in terms of rising health care costs and productivity losses. The presence of antibiotic-resistant micro-organisms in the food chain is a current problem since certain bacterial species traditionally considered “not dangerous” for human health may become “dangerous” because they act as a genetic reservoir, transferring information regarding resistance to antibiotic molecules to other bacteria which, instead, could be dangerous for human health. Through our specialization, our company can make an important contribution to combating antibiotic resistance. In fact, Sacco srl is an Italian SME that produces and markets food-grade "starter" cultures. The goal of this project is to help fight the spread of antibiotic resistance through the food chain. Instead of using chemicals (biocides) whose long-term impact is not known, we intend to achieve this aim through biotechnology. We would in this way stay ahead of regulations, which we know are currently under preparation, and gain a competitive advantage that will translate into significant company growth in terms of personnel and turnover.

Keywords: antibiotic resistance,bacteria strains,food grade starters,biotechnology,antibiotic
AI Situational Awareness Foundation for Advancing Automation (AISA)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Societal Challenges
Programme: Smart, green and integrated transport
Theme: Public-private partnerships
Destination: Single European Sky Air Traffic Management Research
Action type: Research and Innovation actions
Partnership: SESAR (Art-187)
Countries involved: Austria,Germany,Spain,Switzerland,Switzerland,Hungary,Croatia
Call: Digitalisation and Automation principles for ATM (H2020-SESAR-2019-2, 2019)
Start date: 2020-06-01
End date: 2022-11-30
Duration (months): 30.0
Total project cost (EUR): 990125.0
EU funding (EUR): 990125.0
Participants: 7
Project status: CLOSED

This proposal addresses the topic “Digitalisation and Automation principles for ATM”. Automation is one of the most promising solutions for the capacity problem, however, to implement advanced automation concepts it is required that the AI and human are able to share the situational awareness. Exploring the effect of, and opportunities for, distributed human-machine situational awareness in en-route ATC operations is one of the main objectives of this project. Instead of automating isolated individual tasks, such as conflict detection or coordination, we propose building a foundation for automation by developing an intelligent situationally-aware system. Sharing the same team situational awareness among ATCO team members and AI will enable the automated system to reach the same conclusions as ATCOs when confronted with the same problem and to be able to explain the reasoning behind those conclusions. The challenges of transparency and generalization will be solved by combining machine learning with reasoning engine (including domain-specific knowledge graphs) in a way that emphasizes their advantages. Machine learning will be used for prediction, estimation and filtering at the level of individual probabilistic events, an area where it has so far shown great prowess, whereas reasoning engine will be used to represent knowledge and draw conclusions based on all the available data and explain the reasoning behind those conclusions. We will explore to what extent it is possible to deduce machine learning false estimates and how resilient such system is to failure. In this way, the artificial situational awareness system will be the enabler of future advanced automation based on machine learning.

Keywords: artificial situational awareness,team situational awareness,reasoning,knowledge graph,machine learning,ontology,air traffic control,air traffic management