Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Understanding Mechanisms of Human Social Interaction using Interactive Avatars (INTERACT)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The Human Mind and its complexity
Countries involved: United Kingdom,United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111124, 2012)
Start date: 2013-01-01
End date: 2018-12-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1383371.0
EU funding (EUR): 1383371.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

Human social interaction depends on non-verbal unconscious behaviour as much as on verbal signals. Mimicry (unconscious copying of actions) is a good example of a social behaviour which is caused by and has consequences for our evaluation of others. However, studying mimicry with traditional methods is hard because of the trade-off between good experimental control and realistic social interaction. INTERACT will (1) establish a new approach to the science of mimicry, bringing together methods from social psychology, cognitive neuroscience and computer science, and (2) use this approach to understand the information processing mechanisms underlying mimicry of hand actions. First, we will develop interactive avatars which can mimic a participant’s hand actions or be mimicked by the participant in the context of a simple drum rhythm task. Using computer-generated avatars allows us to precisely control and measure movement timing and structure during mimicry, and to record how participants interact with avatars with different socially-relevant features (age / attractiveness or even aliens). Thus, the INTERACT system will enable high-resolution, well-controlled studies of how people detect and control mimicry. Second, we will use the interactive avatars to examine mimicry in unprecedented detail, studying how the timing and structure of an action and form of the avatar impact on the control and detection of mimicry in typical adults. Building on this, we will define the brain mechanisms of mimicry and why mimicry might go wrong in adults with autism spectrum condition. The results will test current hypotheses of mimicry and will reveal the information processing mechanisms underlying human mimicry and its relationship to other social processes. Completion of the project will benefit research and practice in social neuroscience, developmental and educational psychology, computer science and robotics, and all researchers interested in human social behaviour.

Keywords: social neuroscience,human-computer interaction,autism,social psychology,cognitive neuroscience,human brain,fmri,imitation
Social challenges of trans-Mediterranean renewable power cooperation (DESERTECTION)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Environment and society
Countries involved: Switzerland,Austria
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111124, 2012)
Start date: 2013-01-01
End date: 2017-12-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1470698.0
EU funding (EUR): 1470698.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

Developed countries must completely decarbonize their power systems by mid-century if the world is to avoid dangerous climate change, and developing countries will have to follow soon thereafter. This will almost certainly include heavy reliance on renewable energy sources, and could include complete reliance. In the context of such a transition, both sound technical and economic analysis and current events suggest that some degree of cooperation and power system integration between Europe and the neighboring Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region will be attractive, will likely occur, and may even be essential in order to overcome European land constraints. However, the prospect of such cooperation raises a set of related social and governance issues—challenges to be understood and if appropriate overcome—that so far remain under-researched. These include: the social acceptance of devoting large land areas to renewable power generation, centralized and decentralized, in one’s own back yard and in far off places; the governance options to resolve competing interests for scarce resources for such generation, primarily land and water; the human development implications of this cooperation in the MENA region, and ways of arriving at improved outcomes; and, the construction and maintenance of a functional integrated power system across a set of disparate political and regulatory systems. Each issue raises several research questions, with important synergies and commonalities across the entire set. The goal of this project is to provide robust answers to these questions, based on the application of the most appropriate research methods, be they qualitative or quantitative, empirical or modeling-oriented. The answers will contribute to the social science literature on sustainable development, ecological modernization, and transitions governance. They will also provide timely insights to policy-makers facing the need to make strategic choices by the end of this decade.

Keywords: renewable energy,climate change,deserts,mena region,electricity trade
Subjective well-being and fertility (SWELL-FER)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Environment and society
Countries involved: Italy
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111124, 2012)
Start date: 2013-04-01
End date: 2019-03-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1052053.0
EU funding (EUR): 1052053.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

The project is about subjective well-being (SWB) and demographic behaviour, with a particular focus on fertility in advanced societies, across time and space. The project is motivated by the fact that European and other advanced industrialized countries have for decades experienced below-replacement fertility levels, which are now posing dramatic challenges to ageing population structures. Cross-sectional and temporal variations in fertility remains an unsolved puzzle for current theories of below-replacement fertility. The argument put forward in this project is that SWB may be the missing link in the understanding of why countries differ so significantly in fertility. The project has a strong interdisciplinary perspective with the following aims: - to advance the understanding of the complex link between SWB and fertility, bringing together a longitudinal perspective with a comparative perspective; - to examine the role of policies, welfare provision and social norms operating at different levels, addressing possible policy measures that would improve the SWB of individuals and couples, leading eventually to increased fertility - to communicate findings and stimulate the academic and policy debate on how SWB matters for fertility, highlighting the relevance of SWB for future data collection efforts and the potential use of SWB for fertility projections; The project relies upon secondary data sources, both longitudinal and comparative in nature. The assessment of SWB and fertility requires statements about causality and interactions with the relevant context. By explicitly addressing the linkages between SWB and fertility in a systematic way, the project will address an important gap in the literature, helping to modify mainstream theoretical frameworks for the understanding fertility variation and contributing to the creation of a new paradigm of post-transitional fertility theory

Keywords: subjective well-being,low fertility,fertility dynamics,context effects on fertility and swb,multilevel analysis,policy and fertility,gender equity and fertility
A Household Finance Theory of Political Attitudes and Political Behavior (HHPOLITICS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Institutions, values, beliefs and behaviour
Countries involved: Denmark
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111124, 2012)
Start date: 2013-01-01
End date: 2017-12-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1499740.2
EU funding (EUR): 1499740.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

How do individuals insure themselves against economic shocks, as consumers and savers on their own, and as voters, through the political process? The recent financial and economic crisis has seen people lose their jobs and their housing equity, partly as a result of insufficient economic buffers in good times. What does this mean for social insurance? We need to understand the connection between household finances and political attitudes to social insurance and redistribution, both in good times and in bad. I argue that in order to understand the political economy of redistribution and social insruance, we need to allow for imperfect asset markets in the form of liquidity (or credit) constraints and for asset holdings, including housing equity. The goal of the project is to investigate theoretically and empirically on Danish data (i) how differences in liquidity constraints affect political attitudes and preferences; (ii) where such differences come from and what that means for understanding links between personal traits and personality, socio-economics and political attitudes and behaviour; (iii) how these insights can be used to understand political attitudes towards the new wave of neo-paternalistic policies (including so-called ‘nudging’) inspired by behavioural economic research; and (iv) whether differences in liquidity constraints can help us understand changes in political attitudes and preferences over the long-run. The central empirical part of the project is to link uniquely detailed individual level high quality data from Danish administrative registers - including current and historical data on all tax-declared income sources, bank deposits, assets and liabilities, as well as detailed demographics, educational and occupational data - to a running, large-scale panel survey of a large random sample of adult Danes, and to extend this survey both in time and in scope, specifically with questions on political attitudes and political preferences.

Keywords: political economy,political attitudes,political preferences,social insurance,paternalism,redistribution,economic vulnerability
From warfare to welfare: a comparative study of how combat trauma is internalized and institutionalized (COMBATTRAUMA)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Institutions, values, beliefs and behaviour
Countries involved: United Kingdom,Netherlands
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111124, 2012)
Start date: 2013-08-01
End date: 2019-07-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1492086.0
EU funding (EUR): 1492086.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

This project is an anthropological study of combat trauma in three Western nations: Israel, the United States, and the Netherlands. Trauma means different things to different actors, and acquires a different value (both economic and social) in different therapeutic settings. Research will examine how clinical notions of combat trauma are established, adapted, resisted or internalized in different nations. It will result in a comparative framework for understanding how combat trauma is shaped by two major modern institutions: the military and psychiatry. Methodologically, it combines ethnographic fieldwork with veterans, research on clinical practices, and analysis of the policies and discourses that institutionalize combat trauma. Unusual within trauma studies, it aims to shed light on potentially conflicting values about violence and suffering in military and psychiatric instiutions, which may be less apparent to researchers trained within those institutions. By analyzing how veterans and clinicians perceive ethnicity, it will also contribute to understanding of the experiences of subordinate ethnic groups in military and psychiatric institutions. It is expected to identify key problems in the delivery of good care to veterans and have an impact on policy and healthcare. Theoretically, it will advance studies of biopolitics and medicalization. Existing theories tend to minimize how patients contest clinical models of illness. The moral significance of violence in combat trauma may, however, create particular kinds of resistance to clinical illness models – an issue that has not been previously addressed. This study will make a major contribution to understanding how war related suffering is internalized and institutionalized as clinical illness. It will also advance social science studies of psychiatry during a time when the field is undergoing a major and controversial move towards a biological approach to mental illness.

Keywords: combat trauma,war veterans,medicalization,ethnicity,social studies of psychiatry and psychology
Globalization, regionalization, urbanization: an analysis of the worldwide maritime network since the early 18th century (WORLD SEASTEMS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Environment and society
Countries involved: France
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111124, 2012)
Start date: 2013-03-01
End date: 2019-02-28
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1500000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1500000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The main goal of the "World Seastems" project is to map for the first time the changing spatial pattern of the world economy from a maritime perspective across 300 years. It will exploit untapped vessel movement data available since 1734, date of the first Lloyd's List register. There are three main goals of the project. First, it aims at mapping for the first time the spatial distribution of almost 300 years of maritime flows in a dynamic and interactive manner. A geomatics visualisation platform will also integrate advanced analytical tools to simplify the pattern of shipping routes and corridors, and to extract meaningful information from the original data, with both scientific and pedagogical outcomes. Second, the project will look at the topological and spatial structure of the global network of inter-port links with reference to graph theory, social network analysis, and complex networks. The global properties of the network can be compared with general models of networks, while the evolution of macroscopic measures will be explored in relation with wider structural and conjectural changes in the world system (e.g. world wars, revolutions, crises) in terms of network expansion, shrinkage, concentration and polarisation. Internally, the search for coherent substructures (i.e. clusters, communities of ports, économies-mondes) will focus on the emergence of world regions and regional integration processes, also as a means revealing spheres of influence of world's main powers. Third, we wish to look at the co-evolution of maritime transport and urban/regional development. The evolution of (port) cities and hinterlands as well as the inter-connectivity between maritime and land-based transport networks are crucial aspects to be explored, benefitting from the integration of other global databases on urban population, trade flows, socio-economic characteristics of nations and regions, etc.

Keywords: graph theory,complex networks,social network analysis,maritime transport,globalisation,port city,regionalisation,international trade
Crew-centered Design and Operations of ships and ship systems (CYCLADES)

Framework: FP7 — Cooperation
Programme: Transport (including Aeronautics)
Destination: Sustainable surface transport (INCLUDING THE �EUROPEAN GREEN CARS INITIATIVE�)
Action type: Collaborative project
Countries involved: Germany,Sweden,Denmark,Greece,Germany,Sweden,Germany,France,United Kingdom,Portugal,Germany,United Kingdom,Italy
Call:  (FP7-SST-2012-RTD-1, 2012)
Start date: 2012-10-01
End date: 2015-09-30
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 4209652.0
EU funding (EUR): 2889566.0
Participants: 14
Project status: CLOSED

The CyClaDes project is designed to promote the increased impact of the human element in shipping across the design and operational lifecycle. The project brings together a multi-disciplinary team to focus on all the key steps in the lifecycle; the stakeholders; where the barriers to human element integration occur; and how to best locate, produce, disseminate, and apply human element knowledge within the overall context of shipping. The advantage is realized by supporting the integration of the human element in the design and operational life-cycle from appreciation, to concept, to design, to application, to evaluation and approval, to maintenance. The outcome will directly address pressing needs identified in the shipping industry and specifically by this call. The concepts for human element integration are there but the challenge that remains is to develop, apply, and evaluate these concepts in a way that produces tangible results for multiple key stakeholders involved in the design and operation of a variety of shipboard areas and processes. The CyClaDes project plan accepts this challenge by introducing a user-centered perspective for key stakeholders (i.e., designers, operators, authorities, end-users), through a framework that captures, “translates”, and disseminates usable tools, methods, and information to provide maximum support for the human element across all stages of design and operation. The outcome of the project will help to increase the safety for ship, crew, cargo and consequently the environment by: 1. Increasing researchers’ understanding of stakeholders, including when human element input can best be applied, in what format, and what the barriers are. 2. Assembling existing applicable knowledge (i.e., guidelines, tools and methodologies) from maritime and other domains into an easy to use format for the end user. 3. Developing and applying selected methodologies in order to demonstrate their use and impact in the shipping context.

Keywords: ship safety,ergonomy,fatigue preventation,training methods,human-centred design,design framework
IMPROVING THE AIRCRAFT SAFETY BY SELF HEALING STRUCTURE AND PROTECTING NANOFILLERS (IASS)

Framework: FP7 — Cooperation
Programme: Transport (including Aeronautics)
Destination: Aeronautics and air transport
Action type: Collaborative project
Countries involved: Italy,Belgium,Greece,Czechia,Italy,Italy,Germany,Belgium,Spain
Call:  (FP7-AAT-2012-RTD-1, 2012)
Start date: 2012-09-01
End date: 2015-08-31
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 3270839.0
EU funding (EUR): 2397266.0
Participants: 10
Project status: CLOSED

Inspection and Maintenance are important aspects when considering the availability of aircraft for revenue flights. Modern airframe design is exploiting new exciting developments in materials and structures to construct ever more efficient air vehicle able to enable ‘smart’ maintenance including self-repair capabilities. The improvement in the aircraft safety by self-healing structures and protecting nanofillers is a revolutionary approach that should lead to the creation of novel generation of multifunctional aircraft materials with strongly desired properties and design flexibilities. In recent years, the development of new nanostructured materials has enabled an evolving shift from single purpose materials to multifunctional systems that can provide greater value than the base materials alone; these materials possess attributes beyond the basic strength and stiffness that typically drive the science and engineering of the material for structural systems. Structural materials can be designed to have integrated electrical, electromagnetic, flame resistance, regenerative ability and possibly other functionalities that work in synergy to provide advantages that reach beyond that of the sum of the individual capabilities. Materials of this kind have tremendous potential to impact future structural performance by reducing size, weight, cost, power consumption and complexity while improving efficiency, safety and versatility. Actually, also a very advanced design of an aircraft has to take required inspection intervals into account. An aircraft with inherent protective and smart abilities could help to significantly extend the inspection intervals, thereby increasing aircraft availability. The main objective of this EASN endorsed proposal is to develop and apply a multifunctional autonomically healing composite for aeronautic applications. The multifunctional composite systems will be developed with the aim of overcoming serious drawbacks of the composite materials.

Keywords: self-healing multifunctional materials,electrical conductivity,impact damage resistance,flame resistance,carbon fiber reinforced resins,panel fabrication,processing parameters
DEVELOPMENT OF A SMART FRAMEWORK BASED ON KNOWLEDGE TO SUPPORT INFRASTRUCTURE MAINTENANCE DECISIONS IN RAILWAY CORRIDORS (OPTIRAIL)

Framework: FP7 — Cooperation
Programme: Transport (including Aeronautics)
Destination: Sustainable surface transport (INCLUDING THE �EUROPEAN GREEN CARS INITIATIVE�)
Action type: Collaborative project
Countries involved: Spain,Spain,Sweden,Spain,Germany,Norway,Italy,Portugal
Call:  (FP7-SST-2012-RTD-1, 2012)
Start date: 2012-10-01
End date: 2015-09-30
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 3916343.4
EU funding (EUR): 2700000.0
Participants: 9
Project status: CLOSED

In a context of wide use of transport, it is necessary to increase efficiency of the different transport modes as well as their interaction. To that effect, rail transport will play an important role in the future by increasing its capacity. Thus, it would be necessary to strength the competitiveness of railway ensuring a sustainable, efficient and safe service. In that sense, it is essential to improve the interoperability and safety of national networks in order to promote a single European Rail Market. Nevertheless, there are still several barriers to overcome as a consequence of the lack of a common definition of standards at European level. Within this framework, the main objective targeted by the OPTIRAIL project aims at developing a new tool, based on Fuzzy and Computational Intelligence techniques and validated through two case studies, that will enable the better cross-border coordination for decision making of railway infrastructure maintenance across the European railway corridors. In order to be able to achieve the exposed objective, the project Consortium is comprised of a well-balanced group of 9 partners from 6 European countries with complementary skills and expertise, including all the necessary profiles to deal with the scheduled project work plan. Furthermore, non-participant railway administrators have shown their interest and commitment to the project. This interdisciplinary group of the railway managers, railway suppliers, software & embedded systems developers, and technological R&D centres are strongly committed to efficiently coordinate their resources over the 36 months duration of the project in order to be able to reach all expected project outcomes. The estimated overall budget of the project is 3.916.343,40 €.

Keywords: railway infrastructure maintenance,fuzzy & computational intelligence techniques,freight corridors,interoperability,cross-border coordination