Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Diversity and community assembly in Caribbean reef fish (REEF FISH DIVERSITY)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Denmark
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, 2009)
Start date: 2010-09-01
End date: 2012-12-05
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 215241.0
EU funding (EUR): 215241.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Recent global recognition of the serious and immediate threats facing marine ecosystems has led to concerns regarding the loss of biodiversity within these systems. These concerns have highlighted the need for research to understand the driving forces behind current patterns of marine diversity. This information is vital in order to develop science-based strategies to maintain these ecosystems and their biodiversity. Unfortunately, little is known about how natural diversity varies within the marine environment, due to logistical constraints and traditional unfamiliarity with this environment. Therefore it is imperative that opportunities to address this issue are fully exploited. The applicant has identified a unique opportunity to understand how marine biodiversity varies across large spatial scales in one of the most diverse and threatened ecosystems in the world, coral reefs. Using the world’s largest marine sightings database, this research will map species richness (i.e. total number of species present) for coral reef fish communities across the Caribbean and Tropical Western Atlantic. This work will also map two other key measures of biological diversity, functional and phylogenetic diversity, as well as testing whether these measures are closely related, as is often assumed. A wide variety of environmental data is also available for the region, including climate and anthropogenic data, and these will be thoroughly tested for associations with reef fish diversity. Furthermore, cutting edge β diversity and community assembly analysis will be performed in order to understand the processes that have created the patterns we see today in these reef fish assemblages. Reef fish are considered to be useful indicators of overall patterns in coral reef biodiversity and the proposed research will produce a truly comprehensive analysis of this important and threatened ecosystem, to a level well beyond any that has been performed previously for marine systems.

Keywords: natural sciences,biodiversity,biodiversity status and trends,ecosystem management
Ancient South Arabian confession of sins texts (ASACOSINS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, 2009)
Start date: 2010-10-01
End date: 2011-10-31
Duration (months): 13.0
Total project cost (EUR): 158945.6
EU funding (EUR): 158945.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Public confession of sins is one of the less known religious practice in pre-Islamic South Arabia. It is revealed by several inscriptions on limestone tablets that were probably shown publicly inside or nearby the temple of the divinity to which the confession was directed. The vast majority of these documents comes from the northern part of South Arabia (the Jawf area). The repentant can be an individual (frequently a woman), a small group or the entire community. About 15 new confession texts were brought to light since the early 90s from the temple of Nakrah in Baraqish (ancient Minaean Yathill) by the Italian Archaeological Mission in Yemen directed by prof. A. de Maigret. An edition of these new documents, together with those already known (that are about 30), is highly recommended in order to gain a deeper comprehension of this particular ritual. Firstly, we should analyse two main aspects: the sin itself and the punishment that the repentant felt connected with his/her sin. Confessed sins are frequently related with sexuality (e.g. intercourses with a menstruated woman) or religious sphere (e.g. not having performed the required purification rites). Consequently, punishments can be illnesses or economic difficulties. We can examine if there is a coherence between a particular kind of sin, or a particular punishment, with the divinity to whom the confession was addressed. This should clarify the function of the god itself, e.g. the god Nakrah was surely a healer divinity because admissions directed to him were made with the hope to treat a illness. These texts allow us a better knowledge of South Arabian society and of its moral and legal conceptions regarding religious practices, purity laws, sexuality and illnesses connected. This study can be strongly enriched by an observation of similarities or originalities within the other Semitic cultures of ancient Near East and with the subsequent Islamic religious tradition, whose roots can contribute to clarify.

Keywords: humanities,ancient languages,oriental philology,epigraphy,history of religions,comparative religion
Characterisation, synthesis and functional investigation of epidermal lipoxygenase products in inflammation (LOXEPI)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IOF, 2009)
Start date: 2010-07-01
End date: 2013-06-30
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 250351.0
EU funding (EUR): 250351.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The skin has many protective functions, acting as a barrier to physical and biological threats from the external environment while regulating water loss and body temperature. Loss of the normal skin function results in inflammation and associated diseases such as psoriasis, alopecia and ichthyosis. The skin is highly-enriched in lipids and fatty acids, which can be converted by lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes to bioactive mediators, termed eicosanoids. LOXs are a family of non heme iron enzymes of which several isoforms are present in skin. A role for several LOX isoforms in regulating epidermal integrity has been proposed, however, the detailed mechanisms involved are unknown. We recently found that LOXs can generate novel lipids comprising eicosanoids attached to membrane phospholipids in immune cells, and preliminary evidence has shown that similar lipids are present in healthy mouse skin, but the detailed structures and functions of these are yet to be characterised. This fellowship will investigate the hypothesis that esterified eicosanoids generated by LOX are involved in the physiological and pathophysiological regulation of the epidermis. Novel esterified LOX products will be structurally characterised using mass spectrometry and chromatographic approaches in both healthy mouse skin, mice deficient in a LOX isoform and a series of recombinant epidermal LOX enzymes. Purified lipid standards will be synthesised for quantification and studies of biological action. Finally, studies using wild type mice and a strain with an inflammatory hair loss phenotype will determine the role of esterified eicosanoids from LOX in regulating epidermal physiology and disease. The proposed studies will utilise genetic, chemical and structural biochemistry approaches to increase our understanding of skin physiology and may lead to design of novel treatments for inflammatory skin disorders.

Keywords: lipoxygenase,skin,lipids,eicosanoids,mass spectrometry
How Terrorism Ends: A Comparative Analysis of Underground Organisations in Italy and Spain (HTE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, 2009)
Start date: 2011-08-01
End date: 2013-07-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 146717.0
EU funding (EUR): 146717.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This project analyses the conditions under which terrorist groups fall into decline. This is done through a systematic comparison of different paths of disengagement and exit from terrorism that have concerned different types of (a) Left-wing (b) Nationalist-Separatist, (c) Religious-Fundamentalist and (d) Right -wing terrorist groups in two European democracies (Italy and Spain) in the last 40 years (1970-2010). Many scholars have noted the cyclical nature of terrorist movements. However, scarce attention has been paid so far, within academia and outside it, to the ways in which such groups come to an end or move away from violence. Referring to social movement studies, and adopting a ‘dynamic approach’ to the study of disengagement, my research project seeks to answer these questions. It discusses the possible paths for leaving underground organisations, specifically interrelating the micro-meso-macro analytical level of analysis, exploring how the complex interactions between the social, political, and cultural environment, combined with the internal dynamics of the groups, affect the exiting from terrorism. This will be done by adopting a methodological triangulation strategy which combines a ‘large N’ quantitative study with a ‘small N’ comparative case study of different types of ‘disengaged’ terrorist groups, and several qualitative-quantitative data-collection techniques: compilation and analysis of a selective data base of underground organisations; discourse analysis of interview data; content analysis of historical records (newspapers, government documents, autobiographies, documents from organisations); and systematic consultation of secondary sources. Focusing on different contexts and different kinds of movements (Right-wing, Left-wing, Ethno-nationalist and Religious-fundamentalist), I apply a “most-different” design to paired comparison in order to look not (only) for correlations between variables but rather for similar mechanisms.

Keywords: political sciences,terrorism europe,political violence,disengagement,underground organisations,social movement research,comparative research,spain and italy
Measurement of the inclusive jet cross section (JET X SECTION)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IIF, 2009)
Start date: 2010-09-01
End date: 2012-08-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 174770.8
EU funding (EUR): 174770.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The goal of this proposal is to contribute to the measurement of the inclusive jet cross section in the ATLAS detector at 10TeV using the proton-proton collisions of the LHC. The aim is to profit my experience in the US with jet calibration and bring it to Europe. In addition the wide experience of the CERN scientists in the field will help me to boost my career as a physicist. The work plan is first to focus in the jet trigger efficiencies and to set the global scale using the luminosity provided by the accelerator. The jet scale would be a simple Pt correction with a big uncertainty. In a second phase weighting techniques will be used to optimize the resolution. These are based in the identification of hadronic and electromagnetic depositions and apply weights on an event by event basis to correct the calorimeter non compensation. In each of the two stages the measurement will be compared with the standard model prediction. Finally the last phase is a fine tuning of the whole process using more refined techniques for resolution improvement and better measurement of the luminosity. The measurement of the inclusive jet cross section is a key measurement to understand the parton distribution functions and explore new physics as quark compositeness or extra dimensions while being a background of almost any measurement or search at the LHC.

Keywords: particle physics,standard model,qcd,particle jets,lhc,atlas,cern
Inventory Driven Speech Enhancement for Binaural Hearing Instruments (INVENTHI)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IIF, 2009)
Start date: 2010-10-01
End date: 2012-01-31
Duration (months): 16.0
Total project cost (EUR): 112491.0
EU funding (EUR): 112491.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The goal of the proposed work is the development of a new and improved method for the binaural de-noising and de-reverberation of speech signals in hearing instruments. The proposed new method was pioneered by the research team of Prof. Robert Nickel in the context of (non-reverberant) monaural speech enhancement. The approach is fundamentally different from most conventional and state-of-the-art de-noising and de-reverberation schemes. Instead of filtering a distorted signal, a new "clean" signal is re-synthesized based on its likely characteristics. These characteristics are estimated from the distorted signal. Recently, X. Xiao and R. M. Nickel (applicant) presented a first successful monaural (single-channel) implementation of the proposed method for mobile communication systems (published in 2008 and 2009). In addition, the new approach also offers tremendous potential to improve existing de-noising and de-reverberation schemes in hearing instruments. To cope with the specific requirements of hearing instruments, however, the general approach must be substantially modified and extended. The proposed host organization, the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (RUB) in Germany, and its Institute of Communication Acoustics under the direction of Prof. Dr.-Ing. Rainer Martin has highly developed expertise in research and development of signal processing strategies for hearing instruments. An International Incoming Fellowship (IIF) of the Marie Curie Action would enable Prof. Nickel to join the group of Prof. Martin in Bochum, Germany, to collaboratively research and develop the proposed new procedure.

Keywords: electrical engineering,signal processing,hearing aids,cochlear implants,noise reduction
Gender inequalities in the home: Social structures, identities, and the division of family labor (GENDER INEQUALITIES)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, 2009)
Start date: 2010-09-01
End date: 2012-08-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 241289.6
EU funding (EUR): 241289.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The proposed study draws on Identity Theory (Stryker, 1980, 2008) to explore gender inequalities in the division of household labor. To overcome existing disciplinary divides, it provides a conceptual and empirical formulation of identities as a route through which the sociological and psychological traditions can be connected. Shifting the focus from the surface level of belief-systems to the deeper meanings individuals apply to the self in a social role, this research advances the claim that identities are shaped, in part, by one’s location in the social structure, and that these identities have consequences for the division of family labor. Although the influence of social structures on identities is a basic premise of identity theory, there is no empirical evidence bearing on this assumption to date. Furthermore, in line with the identity-behavior link delineated by the theory, the salience of spouses’ role-identities should account for their behavioral choices regarding the allocation of responsibilities and time investment in work and family labor. Identities are therefore hypothesized to play a mediating role in the relationships between sociodemographic backgrounds and the division of labor. These hypotheses will be examined in a parallel mixed-methods design. A sample of 150 couples (n = 300) will complete extensive questionnaires. Novel instruments will be developed to address deficiencies in previous measurement of identities. Complementary in-depth interviews will be conducted with 20 of the couples (n = 40). The findings from the quantitative and qualitative data sets will be integrated to provide a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying the division of family labor. By overcoming disciplinary and methodological divides, this research constitutes an important step forward and will have significant implications for the development of effective interventions to promote change towards greater equality in families.

Keywords: family,gender,identity theory,division of household labour,social-psychology,sociology
Structural and kinetic basis of evolutionary conserved and divergent microtubule plus end tracking mechanisms (MICROTUBULE PLUS END)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, 2009)
Start date: 2011-01-01
End date: 2012-12-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 172240.8
EU funding (EUR): 172240.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

In eukaryotic cells the microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton is of crucial importance for many essential cellular functions. The determination of cell morphology, intracellular transport, chromosome segregation in mitosis, and cell motility belong to the processes carried out by MTs. Aberrant cell morphology, developmental diseases and promotion of malignant transformations in animal cells are results of failures in these processes. The dynamically growing plus end of MTs is of special interest as it serves as a cellular hub integrating signals needed to regulate the MT cytoskeleton and its functions. Due to the plus end’s highly dynamic nature and the complexity of protein-protein interactions at the end, it is still unclear which structural transitions take place at microtubule ends and which structures are recognized by regulatory proteins that bind the growing ends selectively. This project aims at a mechanistic understanding of selective targeting of specialized proteins to microtubule ends that exhibit diverse functions there. Two layers of interactions at microtubule ends are addressed in this proposal: (1) We aim to elucidate the molecular origin for the conserved property of end binding proteins (EBs) to bind autonomously to the growing microtubule plus end region, which provides a dynamic platform for second-layer binding of more divergent proteins. (2) We aim to understand the logics underlying the less conserved interactions of these other microtubule associated proteins (MAPs) with EB-decorated MT ends. These two layers of the MT plus-end binding protein interaction network will be analyzed by a concerted, multidisciplinary experimental approach combining in vitro and in vivo experiments, using quantitative fluorescence microscopy to measure the dynamics of MT end tracking and electron microscopy to gain insight into the structural origin of function.

Keywords: clip-170,mal3,tip1,tea2,+tips,total internal reflection microscopy,cryo-electron microscopy,fission yeast
Substrate nanopatterning by e-beam lithography to growth ordered arrays of III-Nitride nanodetectors: application to IR detectors, emitters, and new Solar Cells (SNB09)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, 2009)
Start date: 2011-01-01
End date: 2012-12-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 153917.0
EU funding (EUR): 153917.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The overall objective of the proposed project is the development of novel optoelectronic and photonic devices based on ordered arrays of GaN/AIGAN and InGaN/GaN nanorods. The mechanisms of spontaneous nucleation and growth of such nanorods on Si substrates, under specific experimental conditions, have been recently clarified and understood. However, the realization of true devices relies on the achievement of ordered arrays of nanorods by localization of the epitaxial growth on predetermined preferential sites. This challenging issue would be tackled by controlling the growth of such heterostructures by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PA-MBE) growth on nanomasks and nanopatterned substrates, and by the subsequent processing of the nanodevices arrays. Ordered growth following a predefined pattern is a critical step to allow subsequent applications. Nanomasks and nanopatterning will be achieved by e-beam lithography and dry etching. Three different devices will be developed as demonstrators, namely, arrays of nanophotodetectors in the IR, white light nanoLEDs, and nanocolumnar Solar Cells. It is worth to remark that all these devices are beyond the state-of-the-art and will benefit from the very high and unique crystal quality of nanorods. Other advantages of such nanostructures are a wide absorption surface and the capability to exploit Photonic Crystal effects for light extraction. The objectives of this project, being very ambitious, are perfectly feasible because all devices are based on the same basic structure of nanorod arrays (building block). The project, aside from very relevant scientific aspects, will offer the young researcher a full training program on technological and complementary issues.

Keywords: technological sciences,nanotechnology,semiconductors,light-emitting device (led),nanocolumns,molecular-beam epitaxy (mbe)