Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Impact of Magnetic Fields on Electrochemistry - Fundamental Aspects and Fututre Applications (IMAFECY)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-06-01
End date: 2015-05-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 221606.4
EU funding (EUR): 221606.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The aim of this project is the fundamental understanding of the various possible impacts of magnetic fields on electrochemical processes. The area has hitherto been plagued with controversy and irreproducibility between different laboratories. The project will resolve these issues, to the ultimate benefit of applied electrochemistry, by novel carefully designed and well-controlled experiments allied to rigorous theoretical modelling. Two analytical methods that enable precise control of the various electrochemical parameters will be applied in presence of magnetic fields for the first time: nanoparticle impact based chronoamperometry and voltammetry in weakly supported electrolytes. Theoretical modelling will enable the applicant to distinguish between individual magnetic field effects and to quantify them. The gained knowledge on fundamentals will be used to set up proof-of-principle experiments demonstrating the benefit of applying magnetic fields in future real world devices. Superior performance of photocatalytic cells and sensor devices shall be demonstrated to emphasise the relevance of magnetoelectrochemistry for future technologies. For the successes of this project the fellowship of the applicant, Dr. Kristina Tschulik, and the scientist in charge, Prof. Richard Compton, is crucial since the first has a strong background in magnetoelectrochemistry, while the latter has unique expertise in analytical and theoretical chemistry and in transferring research results to industrial applications. The host of this fellowship will be the Department of Chemistry at the University of Oxford, which provides all required devices and a modern world-class infrastructure for training of the applicant in a vast variety of scientific and complementary skills.

Keywords: electrochemistry (che c109),magnetic field,anayltical chemistry,theoretical modelling,redox reactions
Deriving Spatial Data from Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI_SLAM)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Ireland
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IOF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-09-01
End date: 2015-08-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 177631.2
EU funding (EUR): 177631.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Recent years have seen the widespread engagement of large numbers of private citizens in the creation of spatial data. These contributors, commonly referred to as “citizen sensors”, often have no formal qualifications in performing a task which was traditionally reserved to official mapping agencies. This paradigm of crowd sourced spatial data is commonly referred to as Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) (Goodchild, 2007). The greatest concern when using any form of spatial data is its quality. Therefore the data derived from VGI should be of the highest possible quality and it is necessary to be able to make statements about this quality. These tasks are complicated by the fact that VGI may be captured with inaccurate devices, lacking detail and in some cases inconsistent. Consequently there exists a degree of uncertainty associated with VGI which must be considered if one is to derive accurate spatial data. The overall objective of the proposed research project is the development of new methodologies for deriving spatial data from VGI using a probabilistic formulation. We proposed to draw heavily from methodologies developed in the domain of robotics and specifically the sub-domain of Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM). Dr. Corcoran has much previous research experience in VGI and SLAM, and therefore is a suitable candidate to carry out the project in question. Prof. Leonard of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Dr. Bertolotto of University College Dublin (UCD) are experts in the areas of robotics and geographical information science respectively. Their institutes therefore represent suitable hosts for Dr. Corcoran. The result of this fellowship will be a significant and long lasting transfer of knowledge and skills from MIT to UCD.

Keywords: v104 geographical information systems - cartography,g106 informatics and information systems
Assisted Migration of Forests as a climate change economic mitigation strategy (AMECO)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-05-01
End date: 2015-11-19
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 269743.8
EU funding (EUR): 269743.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Adapting forests to climate change in a sustainable way is one of the most difficult challenges faced by scientists because of the uncertainty of climate change, and the pressures imposed to managers to act today that cannot be ignored. The main purpose of our proposal is to provide new ecological, economic and legal tools to address adaptation and mitigation of forests to climate change at the national (France) and European level. A fundamental problem is the management practices to mitigate the effects of climate change. In order to survive, trees should be adapted to current conditions and to those expected under global warming by the end of the century. However, natural populations will not always be adapted to the expected climate change, and therefore mitigation strategies must be adopted. One increasingly studied mitigation option to protect biodiversity in the face of climate change is assisted migration (AM), by which populations are intentionally relocated in northern areas or higher altitudes to compensate for observed or expected climate change to increase population survival and maintain ecosystem services. The benefits and drawbacks of AM in forests remain largely unknown in Europe. Tree species have been moved for different purposes before, but the aim of creating stable forests under a changing climate and not compromising local biodiversity and ecosystem services is a new challenge whose risks must be evaluated.The work proposed in this project involves the evaluation of multi-species and multi-AM scenarios of survival-adaptation, productivity and assessment risk scenarios.Our main goal is to produce scenarios (theoretical representations) of AM for European forests that would imply altitudinal and latitudinal assisted migration actions to mitigate climate change.

Keywords: e106 natural resources and environmental economics,v102 environmental regulation and mediation,v201 terrestrial ecology - land cover change,v406 forestry - biomass production,v305 ecology
Ethnoarchaeology of Western Alpine upland Landscapes: Italian and French case studies (ETHWAL)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-06-01
End date: 2015-05-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 221606.4
EU funding (EUR): 221606.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The EthWAL project is the first ethnoarchaeological project to integrate historical, archaeological, palaeoenvironmental, ethnoarchaeological and GIS methods for the study of an upland area in the Franco-Italian border. This project aims to study the post-medieval and current upland exploitation strategies in two western alpine areas: Monregalese, in the Italian side (Cuneo province, Piedmont), and Parc National des Écrins, in the French side (Dept. des Hautes-Alpes). The EthWAL project will focus on how alpine human groups traditionally shape their seasonal upland landscapes. In fact, different subsistence and productive strategies (pastoralism, hay-making, mining, etc.) are supposed to adapt to the environment in specific ways, and therefore they contribute to the creation of different landscapes, composed by different seasonal facilities: huts, enclosures, etc. This research will combine the methods of ethnoarchaeology with the techniques of landscape archaeology. Interviews, “participant observation” and historical research will be integrated with mapping, spatial analysis and geostatistics. In order to evaluate the existence of spatial trends, a multi-scale approach will be employed: inter-site analysis of a landscape (settlement pattern analysis) and intra-site analysis of sample sites (artefacts and ecofacts spatial distribution inside the sites). Chemical and geoarchaeological analyses of intra-sites soils will be carried out as well, in order to identify markers of activity areas. The main purpose of this research project is creating an ethnoarchaeological model that helps archaeologists to interpret the alpine archaeological landscapes. Neverthless, this project will have also relevance for modern upland landscape management and for Cultural Heritage Management. In fact, this ethnoarchaeological research will give an anthropological, historical and archaeological contribution to the EU protection and development programs focused on mountain areas.

Keywords: s401 archaeology - archaeometry - landscape archaeology,s105 ethnography,s412 cultural heritage,v104 geographical information systems - cartography,ethnoarchaeology,upland landscapes,western alps
Phenotypic plasticity and speciation in cichlids (PLASTICITYSPECIATION)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-03-01
End date: 2015-02-28
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 161968.8
EU funding (EUR): 161968.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Phenotypic plasticity is considered a catalyst for speciation through two alternative mechanisms: the Baldwin effect and genetic assimilation. Midas cichlids – Nicaraguan freshwater fishes where multiple species diverged in sympatry in crater lakes after colonization from larger source lakes – are the ideal model to study the influence of plasticity in speciation. The presence of trade-offs in the morphology of Midas cichlids’ pharyngeal jaw – a trophic structure used to crush hard food items which plastically modifies its size and shape when subjected to hard food – allows to generate specific hypotheses. In fact, according to theoretical models, in presence of trade-offs genetic assimilation is more likely than the Baldwin effect. I will use common garden experiments involving two Midas species from Lake Apoyo and the species from Lake Nicaragua (which acted as a source for Lake Apoyo) subjecting the fish to hard and soft diet treatments, that are nutritionally identically and only differ in their hardness. I will then measure the levels and directions of plastic response in each species/treatment using advanced geometric morphometric analyses and I will assess their transcriptional correlates using a combination of Illumina RNA next generation sequencing and RT-qPCR. I will, therefore, be able to test the following three hypotheses: 1. that the derived populations from Lake Apoyo show lower levels of plasticity than source species (as expected as a consequence of genetic assimilation); 2. that the plastic response in the source population produces the same phenotypes found in natural populations of the derived species (as expected according to the “flexible stem hypothesis”); 3. comparing the results with published data from African cichlids, that the genes differentially expressed in pharyngeal jaw plastic response are the same in both closely and distantly related cichlid lineages (thus suggesting a conserved molecular basis for pharyngeal jaw plasticity).

Keywords: phenotypic plasticity,evolution,speciation,geometric morphometrics,transcriptomics,genetic assimilation,evolutionary biology,genetic accommodation
Herpes virus in Irish oysters and identification of resistant stocks (HERPISH)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Ireland
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-06-01
End date: 2015-05-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 191359.8
EU funding (EUR): 191359.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The Pacific oyster is the most commercially important oyster in Europe. In recent years large mortalities of this oyster have had a significant economic impact in a number of European countries. Though in many cases due to a range of complex aetiologies one of the main factors associated with these mortalities has been the presence of a herpes virus. Though initially described in oysters in Europe following mortalities in oyster hatcheries, ostreid herpes virus has now been found in Pacific oysters as far afield as New Zealand and Australia thus having a global impact on oyster production. Shellfish are hard to treat when exposed to disease due to the high population densities involved, the environment in which they are found and that immunisation is not a possibility due to their lack of an adaptive immune response which prevents the development of immunity as acquired in vertebrates. Treatment and control mechanisms tend to focus on long term solutions such as identification of resistant traits and breeding for the inclusion of these traits. Additionally, over time some disease resistance can develop inherently in an exposed population. Also, local adaptations related to environment, husbandry and other stressors may also play a role in the development of resistance. In this study, the potential resistance of a number of populations of cultured oysters will be assessed in Ireland and the basis of this resistance will be investigated using the RNA-sequencing methodology. This methodology has recently been developed and is an innovative tool to allow detection of different expressed genes that applied to resistant and susceptible oyster families will allow for the identification of genes associated with resistance against herpes virus. Identified traits will be used as a mechanism to identify less susceptible oysters and to allow future development of selective breeding programs both in Ireland and in Europe generally.

Keywords: pacific oyster,crassostrea gigas,herpes virus,disease,resistant traits,breeding
The nuclear pore permeability barrier – physical concepts and a biosynthetic approach to understand and exploit the unique selectivity of a natural macromolecular sieve (NUCLEAR PORE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-03-01
End date: 2015-02-28
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 166336.2
EU funding (EUR): 166336.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are the exclusive gate of entry/exit of macromolecules into and out of the nucleus of living cells. They exhibit a unique selectivity in transport, with respect to size and molecular species: very small molecules can diffuse efficiently through the pore, while larger objects are delayed/blocked unless they are bound to specialized proteins, so called nuclear transport receptors (NTRs). The permeability barrier and its selectivity arise from an assembly of protein domains that are rich in phenylalanine-glycine repeats (FG repeat domains). These domains are natively unfolded and grafted at high density to the NPC channel walls. NTRs can interact with the FG repeat domains, thereby facilitating translocation of NTR-bound cargo. The supramolecular organization of the nuclear pore permeability barrier and the mechanism behind selective transport remain insufficiently understood. Our goal is to understand the relation between the organizational and dynamic features of FG-nucleoporin assemblies, their physicochemical properties, and the resulting biological functions. Using an approach that combines tailor-made biomimetic in vitro model systems, surface-sensitive in situ analysis techniques, and polymer physics theory, we will quantitatively study these relationships on the supramolecular level, a level that – for this type of assemblies – is hardly accessible with conventional biological and biophysical approaches. The model systems will be well-defined allowing tight control over composition and supramolecular structure. In a second step, we will apply the obtained knowledge and construct a biosynthetic in vitro system that performs active, directed macromolecular transport. If successful, this highly interdisciplinary project will greatly increase our mechanistic understanding of nuclear transport. It will also enable the development of novel biotechnology such as species-selective molecular separation devices.

Keywords: supramolecular interactions,soft matter,biomimetic model systems,surface science,microfluidics,polymer physics,nuclear pore complex,nuclear transport,fg-repeat domain,nucleoporin
Stochastic and deterministic modelling of biological and biochemical phenomena with applications to circadian rhythms and pattern formation (STOCHDETBIOMODEL)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-03-01
End date: 2014-08-31
Duration (months): 18.0
Total project cost (EUR): 231926.4
EU funding (EUR): 231926.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Classical deterministic mathematical description of the dynamics of chemical systems becomes invalid if the concentration of an involved chemical species is too low. In this case the noisy behaviour of individual molecules starts to be significant and considerable stochastic effects are observed. The stochastic models may exhibit even qualitatively different behaviour than the corresponding deterministic models. This situation is very typical in biological and biochemical systems. The collective behaviour of social insect, birds, or fish, bacterial chemotaxis, formation of skin patterns and the biochemical processes in living cells, like gene regulatory networks, the cell cycle, and circadian rhythms are examples of processes mathematically modelled by reaction and reaction-diffusion systems, we concentrate on in this project. We aim at general theoretical problems connected with stochastic and deterministic modelling of reaction and reaction-diffusion systems. For example the model reduction, bifurcation analysis of stochastic differential equations, high computational cost of stochastic models, and the interconnection and comparison of deterministic and stochastic approaches. In addition, we will apply the general theory and multipurpose computational tools to specific biochemical and biological systems of circadian rhythms and skin pattern formation. In particular, we will investigate whether the robustness with respect to noise observed in models of circadian rhythms is preserved if spatial aspects -- the diffusion -- is added to the model. Further, based on recent theoretical results, we will analyze the character of spatial patterns in reaction-diffusion systems with unilateral regulation. The unilateral regulation may increase the robustness of the pattern formation mechanisms that are in general very sensitive on proper values of parameters.

Keywords: m117 numerical analysis and scientific computing,c113 physical chemistry of biological systems,bifurcation analysis,model reduction,circadian rhythms,pattern formation
ELTA Everyday Lives: (Re)Conceptualising Transitions to Adulthood for Young People in Care (ELTA)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-09-01
End date: 2014-08-31
Duration (months): 12.0
Total project cost (EUR): 115641.6
EU funding (EUR): 115641.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Across Europe, young people in public care are known to be at risk of poor outcomes in adult life, in relation to indicators including education, health, homelessness and crime. To address such disadvantage and support transitions from care to adulthood, research must attend to the complexity of young people’s everyday lives, located in social and cultural contexts and entwined with family and community. The IEF will address these critical concerns in a training-through-research project, focused on theoretical and methodological development. It aims to inform cross-national understandings of outcomes through a biographical (re)conceptualisation of ‘transitions’ that draws on cutting edge theory and methodology in youth and family studies. The project will make a substantive contribution to a critical knowledge gap, by: (a) developing a new theoretical and methodological framework for the study of everyday family lives and transitions to adulthood in research with young people in care; and (b) testing this framework in an exploratory cross-national comparative study that combines analysis of new data collected with young people in public care in France and England and archived general population data from young people who participated in the landmark UK Inventing Adulthoods study. This work will develop the fellow’s career in three core areas: (i) establishing new interdisciplinary and cross-national understandings; (ii) developing cutting edge methodological skills; and (iii) gaining a broad interdisciplinary and international social scientific experience and transferable skills, including experience of cross-national project leadership and the creation of future collaborative opportunities within and beyond the host research team. The fellow, scientist in charge and collaborator each bring distinctive disciplinary knowledge and cross-national experience, together building new interdisciplinary understandings across country contexts.

Keywords: s101 social structure - inequalities - social mobility,s213 education