Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Temporal Enhancement of Motor Performance Using Sensory Guides (TEMPUS_G)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Environment and society
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2007-StG, 2007)
Start date: 2008-06-01
End date: 2013-09-30
Duration (months): 64.0
Total project cost (EUR): 860924.0
EU funding (EUR): 860924.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Temporally controlling our movements to successfully perform an action (e.g. directing our eyes to read this text, picking up a pen, drinking from a cup) is something we do thousands of times a day, without thinking twice. Given that many of these actions are self-paced, (i.e. no perceptual timing cues are provided by the environment) prospective control has to be determined by intrinsic neural mechanisms. How is prospective information for temporal control represented in the brain? What happens when the neural temporal control of the movement system breaks down (as in the case of Parkinson’s disease)? Is it possible to provide some kind of artificial sensory guide that provides prospective information extrinsically and can therefore be monitored through perceptual systems to regulate movement? This project will examine in detail the theoretical underpinnings of the temporal control of movement and how temporal information may be represented in the brain. More specifically the project will test the idea that coupling between temporal information provided extrinsically (e.g. the trajectory of a ball) or intrinsically (e.g. hitting a stationary object) and the ensuing movement employ the same mechanisms of control. Working alongside engineers, temporal sensory substitutes will be generated artificially so that prospective sensory information necessary to guide movement can be picked up through the visual, acoustic or haptic domains. The litmus test for the project will be assessing the utility of these sensory guides in two different areas - i) skill acquisition and ii) movement facilitation for two different patient populations (stroke and Parkinson’s disease). Movement performance and stability with and without these temporal guides will be measured, analysed and compared across groups. The findings will then be fed back into movement timing theory to see how they can improve our understanding of the spatio-temporal guidance of movement.

Keywords: perception/action coupling,temporal control of movement,sensory guides,virtual reality,acoustics,haptics,stroke,parkinson's disease,sport
Quantum optics in nanostructures (OPTNANO)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Condensed matter physics
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (ERC-2007-StG, 2007)
Start date: 2008-08-01
End date: 2013-07-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1097820.0
EU funding (EUR): 1097820.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Nanomaterials are intriguing structures for quantum optics. Their color depends on their size and shape; they are very selective in the wavelengths they absorb and emit. Although nanostructures have been used to color windows and surfaces since the Middle Ages, we lack the understanding how size, shape, and microscopic structure control the optical properties of nanomaterials. In this project, we plan to develop a fundamental description of quantum optics in one-dimensional nanosystems. Core concepts will be quantum confinement and electron interactions when carriers are forced into a small space. The proposed work will focus on carbon nanotubes as a model nanosystem. The tubes show pronounced confinement effects; they emit and absorb light in the near infrared and visible. We will measure optical transitions, quantum cross sections, and electron interaction using luminescence, Raman scattering, and photoconductivity. The optical properties will be tailored by selecting specific tube types and changing the tube environment. A description of optical processes is incomplete without considering defects in real nanostructures. We will develop techniques to study and introduce imperfections. Their optical signatures and their effect on light emission will be determined on individual tubes. The experiments will be complemented by materials modeling. We will describe confinement effects and Coulomb interaction in semiempirical calculations of nanotube light absorption. The knowledge gained on carbon nanotubes will be applied to predict and study the optical properties of other one-dimensional systems. The goal is to obtain a robust and transferable model of quantum optics in nanostructures. This project will also advance characterization of nanomaterials by optical spectroscopy and applications of nanotubes as light detectors and emitters. We plan to develop tools for nanotube population analysis (tube type) and to test carbon tubes as wavelength-selective photodetectors

Keywords: nanomaterials,carbon nanotubes,optical spectroscopy,raman scattering,quantum confinement,electron-electron interaction,excitons
4DVideo: 4D spatio-temporal modeling of real-world events from video streams (4DVIDEO)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Materials and Synthesis
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call:  (ERC-2007-StG, 2007)
Start date: 2008-08-01
End date: 2013-11-30
Duration (months): 64.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1757422.0
EU funding (EUR): 1757422.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The focus of this project is the development of algorithms that allow one to capture and analyse dynamic events taking place in the real world. For this, we intend to develop smart camera networks that can perform a multitude of observation tasks, ranging from surveillance and tracking to high-fidelity, immersive reconstructions of important dynamic events (i.e. 4D videos). There are many fundamental questions in computer vision associated with these problems. Can the geometric, topologic and photometric properties of the camera network be obtained from live images? What is changing about the environment in which the network is embedded? How much information can be obtained from dynamic events that are observed by the network? What if the camera network consists of a random collection of sensors that happened to observe a particular event (think hand-held cell phone cameras)? Do we need synchronization? Those questions become even more challenging if one considers active camera networks that can adapt to the vision task at hand. How should resources be prioritized for different tasks? Can we derive optimal strategies to control camera parameters such as pan, tilt and zoom, trade-off resolution, frame-rate and bandwidth? More fundamentally, seeing cameras as points that sample incoming light rays and camera networks as a distributed sensor, how does one decide which rays should be sampled? Many of those issues are particularly interesting when we consider time-varying events. Both spatial and temporal resolution are important and heterogeneous frame-rates and resolution can offer advantages. Prior knowledge or information obtained from earlier samples can be used to restrict the possible range of solutions (e.g. smoothness assumption and motion prediction). My goal is to obtain fundamental answers to many of those question based on thorough theoretical analysis combined with practical algorithms that are proven on real applications.

Keywords: computer vision
Seeds of life - analysis of seed growth and development (SEEDS OF LIFE)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Molecular and Structural Biology and Biochemistry
Countries involved: France
Call:  (ERC-2007-StG, 2007)
Start date: 2008-07-01
End date: 2013-06-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1300000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1300000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Flowering plants have evolved as one predominant life form on earth. One common principle of flowering plants and probably one of the main reasons for this evolutionary success is the rapid development of an embryo along with a nourishing tissue, called the endosperm. Embryo and endosperm are surrounded by maternal tissues and build the plant seed. Seeds are a fascinating biological structure and their formation is an essential step in the plant life cycle. Seeds also represent the major food source for animals and humans and for this reason, are an indispensable unit in the ecosystem on earth. Despite its importance, surprisingly little is known about seed growth and further progress for the understanding of seed development appears to be hampered by three major constraints. First, seeds are compound structures comprising different tissues of different origins. For proper development, however, a close coordination between these structures is required. Second, the involved organs and tissues are deeply buried within maternal tissues and thus, they are not easily accessible. Third, the parent of origin for certain regulators appears to be crucial for their expression in the seed and an understanding of the complex chromatin regulation that mediates these gene activity patterns is still at its beginning. Here an interdisciplinary and multi-species project is proposed to overcome these constraints unraveling the molecular mechanism and principles of seed growth control. By analyzing seed development in two distantly related species with a combination of cell biology, biochemistry as well as molecular biology including quantitative genetics and genomics, I will obtain detailed insights into one of the central processes of (plant) life.

Keywords: seeds flowering plants
Social Insurance and Welfare-to-Work Programs: Optimal Design and Structural Evaluation (SIWTW)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Individuals, institutions and markets
Countries involved: Italy,United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2007-StG, 2007)
Start date: 2008-07-01
End date: 2011-06-30
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 442705.0
EU funding (EUR): 442705.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

This project has three main goals. First, to improve the theoretical understanding of the design of optimal social insurance and Welfare-to-Work (WTW) programs. Second, to provide a new structural framework for the evaluation of existing policies. The framework is integrated and theory-based, but rich enough to allow a meaningful empirical analysis. It specifies in detail the economic environment (e.g., the available technologies and the informational asymmetries). The accurate specification of the economic environment will jointly endogenize the market imperfections the worker faces, and determine the set of available policies. This and the integrated nature of the approach will play an important role in the policy evaluations stage since they allow a proper determination of the costs and returns of a given policy, by including for example a coherent estimation of the opportunity costs and the recognition of possible complementarities between policies within the WTW program. Third, to apply the methodology to specific situations. The project is divided into 6 sub-projects with a similar structure. Each sub-project uses a similar methodology and builds a theoretical model appropriate to the specific set of issues. The first block of the project is a theory section, where I address a new theoretical issue qualitatively. The analysis is complemented by a quantitative section where the model is calibrated or estimated and then used to evaluate an existing WTW and/or Social Insurance program. The 6 project are: 1. Efficient Training Programs for Workers on Welfare 2. Optimal Unemployment Insurance, Layoff Risk, and Hidden Wealth: A Case for an Unemployment Accounts System 3. Evaluation of Welfare-to-Work Programs: The case of the UK New Deal 4. On-the-job Search, Wage Subsidies, and Optimal ‘Work-First’ Programs 5.Optimal Welfare Programs for Households 6. Identity, Temptation and Student Discipline: A Multilevel Approach to Optimal Education Policy

Keywords: social insurance and active labour market policies,recursive contracts,welfare to work programs,structural policy evaluation
Nineteenth-Century Euclid: Geometry and the Literary Imagination from Wordsworth to Wells (19TH-CENTURY_EUCLID)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The Human Mind and its complexity
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2007-StG, 2007)
Start date: 2009-01-01
End date: 2011-10-31
Duration (months): 34.0
Total project cost (EUR): 323118.0
EU funding (EUR): 323118.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This radically interdisciplinary project aims to bring a substantially new field of research – literature and mathematics studies – to prominence as a tool for investigating the culture of nineteenth-century Britain. It will result in three kinds of outcome: a monograph, two interdisciplinary and international colloquia, and a collection of essays. The project focuses on Euclidean geometry as a key element of nineteenth-century literary and scientific culture, showing that it was part of the shared knowledge flowing through elite and popular Romantic and Victorian writing, and figuring notably in the work of very many of the century’s best-known writers. Despite its traditional cultural prestige and educational centrality, geometry has been almost wholly neglected by literary history. This project shows how literature and mathematics studies can draw a new map of nineteenth-century British culture, revitalising our understanding of the Romantic and Victorian imagination through its writing about geometry.

Keywords: mathematics and literature
Carbon NANOTUBE MEMbranes by Templated Growth in Oriented Molecular Sieve Films (NANOTUBEMEM)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Re-integration Grants
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Greece
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2007-4-3-IRG, 2007)
Start date: 2008-11-01
End date: 2012-10-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Recently, carbon nanotube membranes attracted attention because of experiments and simulations indicating extremely high fluxes. If selective separations can also be demonstrated, these membranes will be a major breakthrough in efficient gas, liquid and vapor separations with tremendous implications in energy efficiency, especially in hydrocarbon separations, water purification and microdevices for hydrogen purification and storage. The currently used multi-step microfabrication procedures, although appropriate for laboratory scale measurements, do not allow for efficient and economic production of the large membrane areas (e.g., hundred square meters) needed for membrane based purification applications nor they provide means for precisely controlling nanotube size and structure that may be desirable for highly selective separations. We propose to undertake the challenge to develop practical selective nanotube membranes by growing submicron thick, densely-packed, subnanometer diameter carbon nanotubes in the interior of the pores of oriented aluminophoshate (AlPO4) molecular sieve films. The proposed use of AlPO4 films as hosts of carbon nanotubes is motivated by previous studies that demonstrate carbon nanotube synthesis inside the micropores of AlPO4 crystalline powders and builds on our ability to grow well-intergrown and appropriately oriented AlPO4 films. If successful, we expect to form high concentration of oriented and uniformly sized carbon nanotubes extending throughout the molecular sieve channels. It is possible that membranes with unprecedented performance (high selectivity and extremely high flux) will be the ultimate outcome of this work. Moreover, the growth technique that we propose to develop and the resulting oriented carbon nanotube films may be of interest for electronic and electrochemical applications.

Keywords: nanotube membranes,separation,molecular sieves,crystal growth,films,alpo4,aluminophosphates,orientation,technological sciences
Molecular Movies of Protein Folding (MMPF)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Condensed matter physics
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (ERC-2007-StG, 2007)
Start date: 2008-09-01
End date: 2014-08-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1716321.0
EU funding (EUR): 1716321.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Protein folding, the process by which a protein assumes its three-dimensional shape, is one of the basic unsolved problems of biophysical and biochemical research. Many of the structural changes taking place during protein folding, especially during the early stages, are as yet poorly understood. This is because high-resolution structural techniques generally lack the time resolution necessary for observation of folding dynamics, whereas methods that have the required time resolution generally lack structural specificity. We propose an experimental approach that combines the structure-sensitivity of multi-dimensional NMR with the ultrafast time resolution of optical techniques. To do this, we use two-dimensional optical spectroscopy (in particular, two-dimensional optical spectroscopy and time-resolved vibrational circular dichroism) in combination with site-specific labeling of proteins. This will make it possible to obtain a structurally and temporally resolved picture of protein folding, which can be regarded as a 'molecular movie' of the folding process. With the proposed method, we will investigate structural changes during protein folding at increasing levels of complexity: from the dynamics of alpha-helix nucleation, to the formation and structural characteristics of intermediate states in small globular proteins and complex beta-sheet topologies, to the nature of biologically functional, short-lived unfolded states in signalling proteins. At each of these levels of complexity, the proposed method will be used to unravel the mechanisms behind the respective folding events.

Keywords: two-dimensional optical spectroscopy
Clean Sky Support Action (CSSA)

Framework: FP7 — Cooperation
Programme: Transport (including Aeronautics)
Destination: Transport (including Aeronautics)
Action type: Coordination and support actions
Countries involved: France,Germany,United Kingdom,United Kingdom,Italy,France,Spain,France,Germany,Germany,United Kingdom,Sweden,France,Germany,Italy
Call:  (FP7-Adhoc-2007-13, 2007)
Start date: 2007-05-04
End date: 2008-05-03
Duration (months): 12.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1999985.0
EU funding (EUR): 1999985.0
Participants: 18
Project status: CLOSED

The "Clean Sky " Joint Technology Initiative aims at realising a quantum leap in the technological capability of Europe to produce aircraft that satisfy environmental needs and are economically viable. The Joint Technology Initiatives will be outside of the mainstream "calls for proposals " means of implementation of the work programme. In order to facilitate the early start-up of the JTI and ensure a rapid transition to full operational readiness the Founding Members of the "Clean Sky " JTI are applying to the European Commission to benefit from a Coordination and Support Action (CSA). The purpose of this Action is to develop the overall scheme for the implementation of the project. This scheme includes technical, governance, operational, communication and management issues that must be clarified and defined in detail to lay down the basis for future operational readiness. Technical content will be examined and developed to provide an in-depth Work Breakdown Structure with detailed responsibilities and to identify any gaps and overlaps. The Governance Structure of the JU, the legal entity responsible for "Clean Sky " activities, will be drawn up in collaboration with the EC lawyer. A scheme with timescales and procedures will be laid down for the implementation of the Call for proposals and Call for tenders. Both internal and external communication processes will be elaborated. The external communication strategy is important for full visibility of Clean Sky activities. This will include developing a Web site, a communication pack, a newsletter, a leaflet and organising a mobilising event about Clean Sky for end 2007. Finally, management team structure will be planned including a description of individual profiles for the future staff.

Keywords: "clean sky" green acare aeronautics environment environment-friendly ecology ecological
Patterned optical activation of retinal ganglion cells (OPTISTIM)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Computer science and informatics
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (ERC-2007-StG, 2007)
Start date: 2008-08-01
End date: 2013-07-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1600000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1600000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Direct activation of retinal ganglion cells is a promising approach for treating blindness resulting from degenerative diseases of the outer retina. Current neuro-retinal stimulation interfaces being developed use electrical currents from micro-electrode arrays, but future systems could use light patterns to create spatio-temporally complex activity patterns. We will develop, optimize and test different concepts allowing patterned optical stimulation of large populations of retinal ganglion cells based on emerging methods for light-based neuro-stimulation, including glutamate uncaging and ectopic expression of the light-sensitive ion channel Channelrhodopsin II. A series of in vitro and in vivo experiments will examine basic questions regarding the efficacy and safety of this general approach. Our experiments will define the major engineering requirements and constraints towards the development of a light-based approach for restoring vision in individuals with outer-retinal degenerative diseases.

Keywords: blindness,neural engineering,neuroprosthetics,vision