Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Geometric Measure Theory in non-Euclidean spaces (GEMETHNES)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Mathematical foundations
Countries involved: Italy
Call:  (ERC-2009-AdG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-06-01
End date: 2015-05-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 749800.0
EU funding (EUR): 749800.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Geometric Measure Theory and, in particular, the theory of currents, is one of the most basic tools in problems in Geometric Analysis, providing a parametric-free description of geometric objects which is very efficient in the study of convergence, analysis of concentration and cancellation effects, chenges of topology, existence of solutions to Plateu&apos;s problem, etc. In the last years the PI and collaborators obtained ground-breaking results on the theory of currents in metric spaces and on the theory of surface measures in Carnot-Caratheodory spaces. The goal of the project is a wide range analysis of Geometric Measure Theory in spaces with a non-Euclidean structure, including infinite-dimensional spaces.

Keywords: geometric measure theory analysis in metric spaces infinite-dimensional analysis isoperimetric inequalities carnot groups currents bv functions
Numerical simulation in technical sciences (NUMSIM)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Research Staff Exchange Scheme
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Austria,Portugal,United Kingdom,Poland,Germany
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IRSES, 2009)
Start date: 2010-11-01
End date: 2014-10-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 246600.0
EU funding (EUR): 246600.0
Participants: 5
Project status: CLOSED

Computer simulation plays an increasing role in technical sciences and allows the detailed investigation of physical phenomena way beyond what can be achieved in the laboratory. It is used extensively in the industry for example for rapid prototyping or for reducing the risk in underground construction. The aim of the project is to bring together groups of scientists in Latin America and Europe that are working on innovative methods for the computer simulation of physical processes in technical sciences. There are several world -renowned groups working in Europe and Latin America on the development of innovative methods for simulation, for example Boundary Element methods and coupled methods that can save considerable time and effort. Notably, Brazil has played and is playing an important role in the development of Boundary Element methods. There have been some loose connections between some groups in the past but a considerable benefit for the ERA could be gained by a close collaboration, initiated through the exchange of staff. Some specific topics that will be addressed are: Simulation of corrosion protection Adaptive coupling of methods, depending on the physical phenomena to be modelled High performance computing and fast methods Computer graphics and mesh generation

Keywords: simulation engineering,civil engineering,numerical analysis
MuscleUp - Towards an Interface for Detailed Musculoskeletal Models (MUSCLEUP)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Research Staff Exchange Scheme
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Germany,United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IRSES, 2009)
Start date: 2010-06-01
End date: 2014-05-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 176400.0
EU funding (EUR): 93600.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

Computer simulations are an increasingly popular tool for investigating and enhancing our knowledge of the human body. They can provide valuable insights and provide in silico experiments to test hypotheses of complex biological relationships. Due to the inherent complexity of the structures and the highly-specialised area of expertise of the researcher/user, computational models are often reduced to the components that are essential to fulfil the least amount of assumptions such that their results can be interpreted and discussed within a specific context. The purpose of this proposal is to bring together researchers with complementary expertise to develop (i) detailed models of complex musculoskeletal systems (the ‘next generation models’) and (ii) a novel web interface to disseminate those models. The improvement of models existing in research groups participating in this proposal will include the spine, hip, pelvic floor, and the tongue. A special focus will be on the inclusion of 3D soft tissue structures, e.g. skeletal muscles, and their material descriptions. The aim of the interface is to provide easy access to such near-complete descriptions of complex models. The interface is guided by the development of the models and will appeal to similar concepts as standard web pages and the ability to include 3D scenes of models. This can only be achieved through an international network of well-established research groups with expertise in material science, computational science, software design, whole organ modelling, modelling biotribological systems, clinical contacts, biomechanics, sports science, etc. The network includes the Cluster of Excellence for Simulation Technology, SimTech (University of Stuttgart, Germany), the Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering (University of Leeds, UK), the Auckland Bioengineering Institute (University of Auckland, New Zealand), and the Medical Engineering Research Theme (Queensland University of Technology, Australia).

Keywords: biomedical engineering,3 d modelling,modelling tools,skeletal muscle m
Nano-carbon based components and materials for high frequency electronics (CACOMEL)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Research Staff Exchange Scheme
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Germany,Finland,Italy,Latvia
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IRSES, 2009)
Start date: 2010-12-01
End date: 2014-11-30
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 153000.0
EU funding (EUR): 153000.0
Participants: 4
Project status: CLOSED

A strong expansion of the frequency range towards terahertz and infrared is the major trend in the modern electronics and optoelectronics. It relies on the incorporation of modern nanotechnology that has already given the birth to nanoelectronics, a rapidly developing discipline focused on both the dramatic increase of the component integration level and decrease in a power consumption. Performance of nanoelectronic devices is strongly influenced by quantum effects that often even determine properties of nano-sized components. The project aims at understanding of fundamentals of the electromagnetic processes in nanocircuits, theoretical and experimental investigation of underlying mechanisms responsible for their fascinating properties, and development of physical basis for use of these properties in novel nanoelectronic devices. The project focuses on linear and nonlinear electromagnetic effects in nano-carbon structures, such as onion-like carbon and both single- and multi-wall carbon nanotubes. We will investigate in detail a performance of nanocircuits based on carbon nanotubes and other nanocarbon materials. The multidisciplinary and challenging project relies on the complementary expertise of the consortium teams and is based on the original approach combining electrodynamics of mesoscopic inhomogeneous media and quantum theory of electronic ensembles with reduced dimensionality.

Keywords: electron-based nano-devices,electromagnetism,photonic components,optical and dielectric properties,solid state physics
Oxidation via low-energy electron transfer. Development of green oxidation methodology via a biomimetic approach (OXLEET)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Materials and Synthesis
Countries involved: Sweden
Call:  (ERC-2009-AdG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-01-01
End date: 2015-12-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1722000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1722000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Oxidation reactions are of fundamental importance in Nature and are key transformation in organic synthesis. There is currently a need from society to replace waste-producing expensive oxidants by environmentally benign oxidants in industrial oxidation reactions. The aim with the proposed research is to develop novel green oxidation methodology that also involves hydrogen transfer reactions. In the oxidation reactions the goal is to use molecular oxygen (air) or hydrogen peroxide as the oxidants. In the present project new catalytic oxidations via low-energy electron transfer will be developed. The catalytic reactions obtained can be used for racemization of alcohols and amines and for oxygen- and hydrogen peroxide-driven oxidations of various substrates. Examples of some reactions that will be studied are oxidative palladium-catalyzed C-C bond formation and metal-catalyzed C-H oxidation including dehydrogenation reactions with iron and ruthenium. Coupled catalytic systems where electron transfer mediators (ETMs) facilitate electron transfer from the reduced catalyst to molecular oxygen (hydrogen peroxide) will be studied. Highly efficient reoxidation systems will be designed by covalently linking two electron transfer mediators (ETMs). The intramolecular electron transfer in these hybrid ETM catalysts will significantly increase the rate of oxidation reactions. The research will lead to development of more efficient reoxidation systems based on molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, as well as more versatile racemization catalysts for alcohols and amines.

Keywords: oxidation,low-energy electron-transfer,racemization,aerobic oxidation,green chemistry
Coherently Advanced Tissue and Cell Holographic Imaging and Trapping (CATCHIT)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: ERC Advanced Grant Interdisciplinary Panel
Countries involved: Austria
Call:  (ERC-2009-AdG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-05-01
End date: 2015-04-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1987428.0
EU funding (EUR): 1987428.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

We envisage a new generation of dynamic holographic laser tweezers and stretching tools with unprecedented spatial control of gradient and scattering light forces, to unravel functional mysteries of cell biology and genetics: Based on our recently developed, highly successful and widely recognized amplitude and phase shaping techniques with cascaded spatial light modulators (SLM), we will create new holographic optical manipulators consisting of a line-shaped trap with balanced net scattering forces and controllable local phase-gradients. Combining these line stretchers with spiral phase contrast imaging or nonlinear optical microscopy will allow quantitative study of functional shape changes. The novel tool is hugely more versatile than standard optical tweezers, since direction and magnitude of the scattering force can be designed to precisely follow the structure. In combination with conventional multi-spot traps the line stretcher acts as a sensitive and adaptable local force sensor. In collaboration with local experts we want to tackle hot topics in Genetics, e.g. search for force profile signatures in regions with Copy Number Variations. Possibly the approach may shed light on basic physical characteristics such as, for example, chromosomal fragility in Fra(X) syndrome, the most common monogenic cause of mental retardation. The new design intrinsically offers enhanced microscopic resolution, as SLM-synthesized apertures and waveforms can enlarge the number of spatial frequencies forming the image. Ultimately, nonlinear holography can be implemented, sending phase shaped wavefronts to target samples. This can, e.g., be used to push the sensitivity of nonlinear chemical imaging, or for controlled photo-activation of targeted regions in neurons.

Keywords: functional multiphoton imaging,holographic wavefront shaping,spatial light modulators,optical micromanipulation
Structured Discrete Models as a basis for studies in Geometry, Numerical Analysis, Topology, and Visualization (SDMODELS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Mathematical foundations
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (ERC-2009-AdG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-07-01
End date: 2015-06-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1854400.0
EU funding (EUR): 1854400.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

Discrete structures appear throughout mathematics not only as approximations to continuous objects, but also as mathematical objects of their own right. The "right" discrete models should have analogous theory to the continuous limit, but often more transparent, more interesting structure, it "tells you more". The proposed project has the agenda to connect, and make substantial progress in, a number of interesting, but rather diverse instances for this, including - Convex Polytopes as models for linear, semi-definite and non-linear optimization problems, - Polyhedral Surfaces as models for differential geometry, including questions of (discrete) integrability, - Structured meshes as the "right" discrete structures for solving systems of partial differential equations with quality guarantees, - Triangulation models as they appear as models for space in quantum gravity. In this simultaneous treatment of these topics we hope to capture connections and identify analogous and parallel structures in different parts of mathematics. This is a theory proposal, but a number of the core topics are suggested by applied research, as done e.g. in the framework of the Berlin DFG Research Center MATHEON in Berlin. It will connect to, and rely on, other major structured research groups in Berlin, such as the "Polyhedral Surfaces" DFG Research Group, and the Research Training Group led by the PI. In collaboration between individuals and groups with diverse mathematical expertise in Berlin, throughout Europe and beyond we are set to establish an additional "theory backbone"; for applied research in Berlin.

Keywords: discrete structures,models,discretization,discrete geometry,polytopes
Langlands correspondence and its variants (GLC)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Mathematical foundations
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (ERC-2009-AdG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-01-01
End date: 2014-12-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1277060.0
EU funding (EUR): 1277060.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Sometimes in the sciences there are different yet complementary descriptions for the same object. This extends to the particle-wave duality of quantum mechanics; one mathematical analog of this duality is the Fourier transform. Questions that are difficult when formulated in one language of science may become simple when interpreted in another. The Langlands conjecture posits the existence of a correspondence between problems in arithmetic and in Representation Theory. The Langlands conjecture has only been proven for a limited number of cases, but even this has solved problems such as the famous Fermat conjecture. The aim of this project is to continue study of the &quot;classical&quot; aspects of the Langlands conjecture and to extend the conjecture to the quantum geometric Langlands correspondence, higher-dimensional fields, Kac-Moody groups (with D.Gaitsgory: quantum Langlands correspondence; D.Gaitsgory and E. Hrushevsi: groups over higher-dimensional fields; A. Braverman: Kac-Moody groups; R. Bezrukavnikov, S.Debacker, Y.Varshavsky: classical aspects of the correspondence; A. Berenstein: geometric crystals and crystal bases). The quantum case is much more symmetric than the classical case and can lead in the limit q-&gt;0 to new insights into the classical case. The quantum case is also related to the multiple Dirichlet series. New results in the quantum case would lead to progress in understanding important Number Theoretic questions. Extending the Langlands correspondence to groups over higher-dimensional fields could substantially enlarge its applicability. Studying Kac-Moody groups would provide tools for the new important class of L-functions. This progress could lead to a proof of the existence of the analytic continuation of classical L-functions. The geometric Langlands correspondence is closely related to T-symmetry in 4-dimensional gauge theory and the understanding of this relation is important for both Mathematics and Physics.

Keywords: automorphic forms,d-modules,quantum langlands conjecture,quantum field theories,l-functions
Exploring the physics of Proto-stars and Extra-solar PlanetS (PEPS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Universe sciences
Countries involved: France,United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2009-AdG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-06-01
End date: 2016-05-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2376000.0
EU funding (EUR): 2376000.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

The PEPS project is dedicated to the understanding of low-mass star, brown dwarf and giant planet formation and evolution and to the characterization of their internal structure and observable properties. The aim is to develop a sound theoretical foundation and a new generation of modelling tools, in close interaction with observing and experimental programs. The ultimate goal of the project is to provide a consistent description of the different stages from the very formation process to the long term evolution for these objects, characterizing the initial conditions of star/planet formation and exploring their impact on the subsequent mechanical (mass, radius, internal structure and composition), thermal (surface temperature, luminosity) and spectral properties. A dedicated part of the project will focus on exo-Earth planets and on the identification of bio-signatures in their atmosphere, opening an avenue to exobiology.

Keywords: high-pressure physics-numerical simulations-mhd
Atomistic Spin-Dynamics; Methodology and Applications (ASD)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Condensed matter physics
Countries involved: Sweden
Call:  (ERC-2009-AdG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-01-01
End date: 2014-12-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2130000.0
EU funding (EUR): 2130000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Our aim is to provide a theoretical framework for studies of dynamical aspects of magnetic materials and magnetisation reversal, which has potential for applications for magnetic data storage and magnetic memory devices. The project focuses on developing and using an atomistic spin dynamics simulation method. Our goal is to identify novel materials and device geometries with improved performance. The scientific questions which will be addressed concern the understanding of the fundamental temporal limit of magnetisation switching and reversal, and the mechanisms which govern this limit. The methodological developments concern the ability to, from first principles theory, calculate the interatomic exchange parameters of materials in general, in particular for correlated electron materials, via the use of dynamical mean-field theory. The theoretical development also involves an atomistic spin dynamics simulation method, which once it has been established, will be released as a public software package. The proposed theoretical research will be intimately connected to world-leading experimental efforts, especially in Europe where a leading activity in experimental studies of magnetisation dynamics has been established. The ambition with this project is to become world-leading in the theory of simulating spin-dynamics phenomena, and to promote education and training of young researchers. To achieve our goals we will build up an open and lively environment, where the advances in the theoretical knowledge of spin-dynamics phenomena will be used to address important questions in information technology. In this environment the next generation research leaders will be fostered and trained, thus ensuring that the society of tomorrow is equipped with the scientific competence to tackle the challenges of our future.

Keywords: spin dynamics,simulations,first principles theory,magnetic data storage
Polymeric catalysts and supports: A new paradigm for biomass processing (POLYCAT)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Materials and Synthesis
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (ERC-2009-AdG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-03-01
End date: 2015-02-28
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1764000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1764000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Transforming part of the feedstock base of the chemical industry from fossil feedstocks to biomass, as expected by many researchers and companies, requires fundamental changes in the technologies for processing. While fossil feedstocks are non-polar and processed at high temperatures in the gas phase, most biomass derived feedstocks are polar molecules, which are present in aqueous solution and are typically processed at relatively low temperatures in defunctionalization reactions. Yet, most approaches rely on the conventional wisdom of using catalysts developed for fossil feed processing where the conditions almost always exclude the use of polymeric catalysts. However, for the conditions of biomass processing, adapted polymeric catalysts could be ideally suited. This defines the goals of the proposed research program: known and newly designed polymeric catalysts will be explored with respect to their potential in biomass conversion reactions, which could lead to a new paradigm in catalytic biofeedstock processing. In order to achieve this objective, it will be attempted to produce four selected, exemplary classes of polymers in porous form with adjustable porosity. The porous polymer types will then be post-treated with different methods to introduce catalytic functionality (acid/base and redox functionality). The target processes in biomass conversion are prototypical examples which are representative for whole classes of reactions. These include the depolymerisation of the major components of lignocellulose (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) and the targeted synthesis of selected platform molecules starting from glucose as the depolymerisation product of cellulose. Successful completion would provide more efficient access to many novel value chains and establish a novel class of catalytic materials.

Keywords: biomass conversion resin catalysis