Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Changes in the geomagnetic dipole (Earth Dipole Field Intensity from Cosmogenic Elements) (EDIFICE)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Earth system science
Countries involved: France
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-06-01
End date: 2020-05-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2499600.0
EU funding (EUR): 2499600.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Ancient records of the geomagnetic field intensity provide the unique source of information on the evolution of the geodynamo. The paleomagnetic data contain a broad spectrum of dipole moment fluctuations with polarity reversals and excursions that typically occur during periods of very low field intensity, but the amplitude and the timing of the variations as well as critical features remain debated. The variability of the dipole with rapid fluctuations combined with long-term changes must be clarified to understand what controls the dipole strength, why it fluctuates and what is the cause of polarity reversals. Much has been learned for the past 30 years from records of paleointensity relying on natural remanent magnetization of sediments and lava flows, but large uncertainties persist and major features of the field remain poorly documented, pointing out the limits of the approach. As an alternative to magnetization, changes in geomagnetic intensity can be reconstructed from the production of cosmogenic 10Be. The 10Be production can be measured with confidence from sedimentary sequences. Our main objective is to build up a worldwide database of the dipole field changes for the past 5 Ma by acquiring high resolution records of 10Be production from a worldwide set of selected sediment cores. The Accelerator mass spectrometry national facility « ASTER» at CEREGE dedicated to 10Be measurements offers this unique opportunity. Accurate time control will be obtained by astronomical calibration of paleoenvironmental records. In parallel, we will focus on the short-term field changes occurring during geomagnetic reversals. This will be addressed by combining detailed paleomagnetic records of reversals from volcanic sequences with high resolution 10Be measurements from marine cores that recorded the same reversals. Predictions of numerical geodynamo simulations will be tested against the data.

Keywords: paleointensity,geomagnetic field,dipole,reversals,excursions
Organizational Industrial Organization (OIO)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Individuals, institutions and markets
Countries involved: Belgium
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2015-01-01
End date: 2020-12-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1382264.0
EU funding (EUR): 1382264.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Industrial organization has been influential in shaping our understanding of how firms behave in markets, and also Most of the industrial organization literature is based on the premise that firms are represented by a single decision maker, who is driven by a motive of profit maximization and cost minimization. This assumption is nowadays becoming a constraint on IO theory, preventing it from being able to explain certain observed empirical regularities. For instance, it has been well documented that seemingly identical firms often exhibit differing performance or productivity. Under the existing paradigm, this should not occur, since identical firms should choose the same cost-minimizing technology. The goal of this proposal is to develop a new IO theory based on a richer view of the firm, one in which non-trivial conflicts of interest among shareholders, workers, managers and consumers will shape firm boundaries. This "Organizational Industrial Organization'' (OIO) will generate rich new insights for the positive and normative analysis of industries, whether or not firms in these industries have market power. In particular, it will be able to account for heterogeneity in organizations among identical firms, will provide simple explanations for real world examples that would be difficult to understand in the traditional IO setting, but also bring fresh and novel analysis to traditional IO questions like the scale and scope of firms, the dynamics of merger activity, and also to less traditional questions like the roles of the managerial market, finance or corporate governance for industry performance. This proposal details three work packages that the team will develop in priority in this project: - Finance, governance, the managerial market and firm boundaries. - The dynamics of firm boundaries and delegation. - Market power, scale and scope

Keywords: ownership,heterogeneity,productivity,decision rights,industry equilibrium,finance,welfare loss,merger,incomplete contracting,scope of firms,managerial market,matching theory
HiPERCAM: A high-speed camera for the study of rapid variability in the Universe (HIPERCAM)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Universe sciences
Countries involved: United Kingdom,United Kingdom,United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-01-01
End date: 2019-12-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 3491335.92
EU funding (EUR): 3491335.92
Participants: 3
Project status: CLOSED

When stars die, they form white dwarfs, neutron stars or black holes. These are key objects in astrophysics as their extreme gravities, densities and pressures allow us to test our theories of fundamental physics at the limits of their predictive powers. One of the best ways of studying white dwarfs, neutron stars and black holes is via their variations in brightness. Unfortunately, due to the small physical sizes of these objects, they are extremely faint and their variability occurs on timescales of milliseconds to seconds, too fast to be recorded by the current generation of astronomical instruments on the world's largest telescopes. What is required is a new type of astronomical instrument with the capability to take high-speed exposures with no noise from either the detector or the atmosphere. Such an instrument would enable us to answer some of the most important questions in astrophysics, such as: What are the progenitors of type Ia supernovae? What is the equation of state of the degenerate matter found in white dwarfs and neutron stars? What is the nature of the flow of matter close to the event horizon of black holes? What gravitational wave signals are likely to be detected by the next generation of space and ground-based detectors? My aim is to answer the above questions by building and exploiting a new astronomical instrument: HiPERCAM. HiPERCAM will be by far the best high-speed camera in the world, giving an order of magnitude improvement in performance over what has come before. It will be mounted on the world's best telescopes, including the 8.2-m VLT in Chile and the 10.4-m GTC on La Palma. This revolutionary new camera will incorporate a novel scintillation-correction mechanism and the latest in low-noise, high-speed detector technology. Although challenging, my track record with previous related instruments (e.g. ULTRACAM) and my preceding technology demonstration projects shows that my proposed research programme is feasible.

Keywords: compact astrophysical objects: white dwarfs,neutron stars,black holes,brown dwarfs,extrasolar planets
Chromosome structure and genome organization in early mammalian development (DEVOCHROMO)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-02-01
End date: 2019-01-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2401392.99
EU funding (EUR): 2401392.99
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The spatial organization of the genome inside the cell nucleus is tissue-specific and has been linked to several nuclear processes including gene activation, gene silencing, genomic imprinting, gene co-regulation, genome maintenance, DNA replication, DNA repair, chromosomal translocations and X chromosome inactivation. In fact, just about any nuclear/genome function has a spatial component that has been implicated in its control. We know surprisingly little about chromosome conformation and spatial organization or how they are established. The extent to which they are a cause or consequence of genome functions are current topics of considerable debate, however emerging data from my group and many other groups world-wide indicate that nuclear location and organization are drivers of genome functions, which in cooperation with other features including epigenetic marks, non-coding RNAs and trans-factor binding bring about genome control. Thus, genome spatial organization can be considered on a par with other epigenetic features that together contribute to overall genome control. The classical paradigm of early mammalian development arguably represents the most dramatic and yet least understood process of genome reprogramming, where a single cell undergoes a series of divisions to ultimately give rise to the hundreds of different cell types found in a mature organism. Study of pre-implantation embryo development is hindered by the very nature of the life form, composed of extremely low cell numbers at each stage, which severely limits the options for investigation. My lab has recently developed a novel technique called single cell Hi-C, which has the power to detect tens of thousands of simultaneous chromatin contacts from a single cell. In this application I propose to apply this technology to study chromosome structure and genome organization during mouse pre-implantation development along with single cell transcriptome analyses from the same cells.

Keywords: chromosome structure,nuclear organization
New Catalytic Reactions and Exchange Pathways: Delivering Versatile and Reliable Arylation (ARYLATOR)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Materials and Synthesis
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-02-01
End date: 2019-01-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2114223.0
EU funding (EUR): 2114223.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This proposal details the mechanism-based discovery of ground-breaking new catalyst systems for a broad range of arylation processes that will be of immediate and long-lasting utility to the pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and materials chemistry industries. These industries have become highly dependent on coupling technologies employing homogeneous late transition metal catalysis and this reliance will grow further, particularly if the substrate scope can be broadened, the economics, in terms of reagents and catalyst, made more favourable, the reliability at scale-up improved, and the generation of side-products, of particular importance for optical and electronic properties of materials, minimized or eliminated. This proposal addresses these issues by conducting a detailed and comprehensive mechanistic investigation of direct arylation, so that a substantial expansion of the reaction scope can be achieved. At present, the regioselectivity can be very high, however catalyst turnover rates are moderate, and the arene is required to be in a fairly narrow window of activity. Specific aspects to be addressed in terms of mechanistic study are: catalyst speciation and pathways for deactivation; pathways for homocoupling; influence of anions and dummy ligands; protodemetalloidation pathways. Areas proposed for mechanism-informed development are: expansion of metalloid tolerance; expansion of arene scope; use of traceless activators and directors, new couplings via ligand exchange, the evolution of simpler / cheaper and more selective / active catalysts; expansion to oxidative double arylations (Ar-H + Ar’-H) with control, and without resort to super-stoichiometric bias. The long-term legacy of these studies will be detailed insight for current and emerging systems, as well as readily extrapolated information for the design of new, more efficient catalyst systems in academia, and their scaleable application in industry
Wearable Augmented Reality 3D Displays (WEAR3D)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Systems and communication engineering
Countries involved: Türkiye
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-01-01
End date: 2018-12-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2496525.0
EU funding (EUR): 2496525.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Wearable displays have advanced rapidly over the past few decades but they are limited in field-of-view due to optical constraints. Likewise, 3D displays have several technological and viewing discomfort limitations. These limitations result from the missing 3D depth cues in stereoscopic displays, which are essential for real 3D and for interactive augmented reality (AR) applications. Wear3D proposal aims to overcome the two fundamental scientific challenges of wearable displays and make them as natural as wearing a pair of eyeglasses: (i) Eliminate the relay lenses. We need to overcome the focusing problem of the eyes in order to completely eliminate the large relay lenses. As a result, miniaturization of wearable displays will be possible by taking full advantage of the advancements in micro-technologies; (ii) Provide all the essential 3D depth cues to avoid perceptual errors and viewing discomfort. We need to enable the two eyes to fixate at the correct depth of the objects rather than the display panel without losing resolution. Thereby, eliminating the conflict between the accommodation and convergence. Overcoming these challenges would enable a display which can provide natural looking and interactive 3D and very wide field-of-view (>100deg) in an eyeglasses form factor. Such a display goes far beyond the state-of-the art in wearable displays and open new research directions for intelligent human-computer interfaces and AR.

Keywords: wearable displays,3d displays,imaging systems
Multi-Dimensional Study of non Abelian Topological States of Matter (MUNATOP)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Condensed matter physics
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2013-10-01
End date: 2018-09-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1529107.0
EU funding (EUR): 1529107.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Non-abelian topological states of matter are of great interest in condensed matter physics, both due to their extraordinary fundamental properties and to their possible use for quantum computation. The insensitivity of their topological characteristics to disorder, noise, and interaction with the environment may lead to realization of quantum computers with very long coherence times. The realization of a quantum computer ranks among the foremost outstanding problems in physics, particularly in light of the revolutionary rewards the achievement of this goal promises. The proposed theoretical study is multi-dimensional. On the methodological side the multi-dimensionality is in the breadth of the studies we discuss, ranging all the way from phenomenology to mathematical physics. We will aim at detailed understanding of present and future experimental results. We will analyze experimental setups designed to identify, characterize and manipulate non-abelian states. And we will propose and classify novel non-abelian states. On the concrete side, the multi-dimensionality is literal. The systems we consider include quantum dots, one dimensional quantum wires, two dimensional planar systems, and surfaces of three dimensional systems. Our proposal starts with Majorana fermions in systems where spin-orbit coupling, Zeeman fields and proximity coupling to superconductivity are at play. It continues with “edge anyons”, non-abelian quasiparticles residing on edges of abelian Quantum Hall states. It ends with open issues in the physics of the Quantum Hall Effect. We expect that this study will result in clear schemes for unquestionable experimental identification of Majorana fermions, new predictions for more of their measurable consequences, understanding of the feasibility of fractionalized phases in quantum wires, feasible experimental schemes for realizing and observing edge anyons, steps towards their classification, and better understanding of quantum Hall interferometry.

Keywords: topological quantum computation,topological insulators,majorana fermions,non abelian statistics,(fractional) quantum hall effect
Mesenchymal Cells of the Lamina Propria in Intestinal Epithelial and Immunological Homeostasis. (MCS-INTEST)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Immunity and infection
Countries involved: Greece
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-07-01
End date: 2019-06-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2590000.0
EU funding (EUR): 2590000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Mesenchymal cells (MCs) of the intestinal lamina propria refer to a variety of cell types, most commonly intestinal myofibroblasts, fibroblasts, pericytes, and mesenchymal stromal cells, which show many similarities in terms of origin, function and molecular markers. Understanding the physiological significance of MCs in epithelial and immunological homeostasis and the pathophysiology of chronic intestinal inflammatory and neoplastic disease remains a great challenge. In this proposal, we put forward the challenging hypothesis that, especially during acute or chronic inflammatory and tumorigenic conditions, MCs play important physiological roles in intestinal homeostasis regulating key processes such as epithelial damage, regeneration and tumorigenesis, intestinal inflammation and lymphoid tissue formation. We further posit that a unifying principle underlying such functions would be the innate character of MCs, which we hypothesize are capable of directly sensing and metabolizing innate signals from microbiota or cytokines in order to exert homeostatic epithelial and immunological regulatory functions in the intestine. We will be using genetic approaches to target innate pathways in MCs and state of the art phenotyping to discover the physiologically important signals orchestrating intestinal homeostasis in various animal models of intestinal pathophysiology. We will also study MC lineage relations and plasticity during disease and develop ways to interfere therapeutically with MC physiology to achieve translational added value for intestinal diseases, as well as for a range of other pathologies sharing similar characteristics.

Keywords: mesenchymal cells,intestinal myofibroblasts,epithelial homeostasis,lymphoid tissue formation,tumour microenvironment,intestinal inflammation,tissue repair,stem cell niche
Meeting Challenges in Computer Architecture (MECCA)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Computer science and informatics
Countries involved: Sweden
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-02-01
End date: 2019-01-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2379822.0
EU funding (EUR): 2379822.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Computer technology has doubled computational performance every 24 months, over the past several decades. This performance growth rate has been an enabler for the dramatic innovation in information technology that now embraces our society. Before 2004, application developers could exploit this performance growth rate with no effort. However, since 2004 power consumption of computer chips exceeded the allowable limits and from that point and onwards, parallel computer architectures became the norm. Currently, parallelism is completely exposed to application developers and managing it is difficult and time-consuming. This has a serious impact on software productivity that may stall progress in information technology. Technology forecasts predict that by 2020 there will be hundreds of processors on a computer chip. Apart from managing parallelism, keeping power consumption within allowable limits will remain a key roadblock for maintaining historical performance growth rates. Power efficiency must increase by an order of magnitude in the next ten years to not limit the growth rate. Finally, computer chips are also key components in embedded controllers, where stringent timing responses are mandatory. Delivering predictable and tight response times using parallel architectures is a challenging and unsolved problem. MECCA takes a novel, interdisciplinary and unconventional approach to address three important challenges facing computer architecture – the three Ps: Parallelism, Power, and Predictability in a unified framework. Unlike earlier, predominantly disciplinary approaches, MECCA bridges layers in computing systems from the programming language/model, to the compiler, to the run-time/OS, down to the architecture layer. This opens up for exchanging information across layers to manage parallelism and architectural resources in a transparent way to application developers to meet challenging performance, power, and predictability requirements for future computers.

Keywords: parallel computing,energy-aware computing,real-time computing