Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
The European Banking Union: its Impact on the EU and its Member States, and on Accountability Standards (IMPACTEBU)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Social Sciences and Humanities
Countries involved: France
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2019, 2019)
Start date: 2020-09-01
End date: 2022-08-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 184707.84
EU funding (EUR): 184707.84
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The economic and financial crisis that hit Europe a decade ago showed that the rules in force in the European Union (EU) could not cope with a banking and debt crisis appropriately. To tackle this problem, the European Banking Union (EBU) was established (2013), leading to the EU gaining competences in bank supervision and bank resolution. Yet, the creation of the EBU has numerous and multi-dimensional consequences for both the EU and its Member States. This project aims to examine those consequences. Taking France, Germany and Italy as representative case studies, it firstly analyses the impact that the EBU’s creation has had on the institutional balance at national level. Secondly, it considers its impact on the EU’s institutional framework, and in particular the consequences for the European Central Bank as well as specifically-created agencies and bodies such as the European Banking Authority. Thirdly, this project examines the EBU’s impact from a multilevel perspective, assessing whether accountability is sufficiently guaranteed or whether any gaps have emerged. Indeed, as shown by the crisis, bank failures have very significant consequences for Member States’ economies and tax payers’ money, which means that the transfer of bank supervision and resolution to the EU arguably requires high(er) levels of administrative accountability (i.e. auditing control), as well as judicial (i.e. judicial review) and democratic accountability. This project analyses these three types of accountability both as stand-alone issues and overlapping concerns. In employing a unique combination of legal and political science methods, while being informed by (political) economic research, and in addressing an emerging but under-researched topic, this project is original and will contribute greatly to making the EBU less obscure to citizens and stakeholders, while informing on-going reform discussions.

Keywords: european banking union,european central bank,accountability,multilevel governance
Sense, Science & the Magics of the Planet Pantry (SESAM21)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: European researchers' Night
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Countries involved: Denmark,Denmark,Denmark,Denmark
Call: European Researchers' Night (H2020-MSCA-NIGHT-2020bis, 2020)
Start date: 2021-07-01
End date: 2022-02-28
Duration (months): 8.0
Total project cost (EUR): 184475.0
EU funding (EUR): 183975.0
Participants: 4
Project status: CLOSED

SESAM21 NIGHT will through a thematic approach bring research closer to the general public and pursue 3 main objectives: 1. enhance understanding of the impact of researchers’ work on citizens‘ daily life; 2. encourage young people to embark on a research career; and 3. counteract stereotypes about the work of researchers. We will i) use the research challenges created by the climate crisis in relation to nature, environment and food & agriculture as overall theme to create understanding of the impact of research and innovation on citizens’ life. ii) pay particular attention to the role of young people and use the school as an arena that can reach the wider community and citizens. iii) create a prime platform to increase recognition of researchers’ work and create an excellent opportunity to encourage young people to embark on research careers. iii) put particular emphasis on the challenge related to protecting nature in both its wild and cultivated form when it comes to feeding the world in a sustainable way. We use outdoor learning and Nature Based Education as the didactical foundation. The planning & preparation phase is at 6 schools across Denmark. Execution however, is split in a on-school and off-school part. We use the school to execute the NIGHT as an In-House and Open-School event. Friday morning is In-House for all pupils, Friday afternoon is Open house for parents, families, friends & local community. Saturday we leave the school and move to “the town”. Two major attractions - the CPH Experimentarium and the Foodcamp Højer in the southest – will act as venues. Experimentarium is well known for its research communication and is a leading science centre with 30 years of experience and > 400.000 visitors/year. Højer Food camp is a newly established venue for food literacy and learning activities targeted school children. We use these instruments: Science Workshop, Lounge Talks, Remote Lounge Talks, Street Experiments, Info Corners & Research Shows.

Keywords: young people,school science,science communication,sesam21,nature,environment,climate,sdg s,food and agriculture
Precise brain oxygen monitoring for high-risk preterm infants (OXYPREM)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Industrial Leadership
Programme: Innovation in SMEs
Action type: SME instrument
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call: SME instrument (H2020-SMEInst-2018-2020-1, 2019)
Start date: 2019-11-01
End date: 2020-02-29
Duration (months): 4.0
Total project cost (EUR): 71429.0
EU funding (EUR): 50000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Globally, 15 million preterm babies are born annually (435,000 in Europe), from which 1 million die. Even when surviving, they may face disabilities, such as neurodevelopment impairment or paralysis. Since their respiratory and cardiovascular systems are immature, they need early oxygen (O2) therapy. Tissue oximeters are medical devices needed to monitor the actual level of O2 supply in their brain, since little O2 variations can produce irreversible damage. However, current devices are adapted from tissue oximeters initially meant for adults, lacking the precision and reliability preterm babies need. World leading neonatologists have been alerting about the urgent need to develop tissue oximeters specifically designed for preterms, to decrease unnecessary deaths and chronic disabilities. OxyPrem is our answer: a brain oximeter created just for preterm babies and providing the degree of precision and reliability they need. OxyPrem consists of (1) a high-quality Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) sensor embedded in biocompatible silicone that is fixed to the preterm's head to monitor brain O2-levels, and a (2) monitor running advanced analysis algorithms transforming the signals into tissue oxygenation saturation measurements. OxyPrem prototypes have shown unmet levels of precision in clinical studies, reducing 5x the variation observed with competitors. Furthermore, our reusable sensor (opposed to the disposable ones from competitors), translates into important savings. OxyPrem represents a compelling business opportunity, capitalizing from the global neonatal intensive care market, worth €5.6 billion and expected to grow at a CAGR2017-2024 of 5.62%. The commercialization of OxyPrem is key to the viability of our company OxyPrem AG, a Swiss spin-off from University of Zurich, born to make preterm life's easier.

Keywords: oximetry,neonatology,brain oximetry,preterm infants
Reaching the roots of systemic nitrogen (N) signaling in plants (Nitro Systems)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Global Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Life Sciences
Countries involved: France,United States
Call: Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships (IF-GF) (H2020-MSCA-IF-2014, 2014)
Start date: 2015-09-01
End date: 2018-08-31
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 246668.4
EU funding (EUR): 246668.4
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

The survival of multicellular organisms requires inter-organ communication via long-distance signals. This is especially relevant in plants where post-embryonic development can be altered in response to sensing a heterogeneous nutrient environment in the soil. For example, a long-distance, inter-organ “root-shoot-root” relay system enables plant roots to specifically forage for nitrate-rich patches in a heterogeneous nutrient soil environment . In this proposal, I will use a unique “split-root” system to uncover the mechanisms of this systemic “root-shoot-root” relay system. Specifically, I will identify the targets of systemic N-signaling in plants as well as the potential RNA signals that traffic in phloem cells, the “information highway” to enable this inter-organ communication in plants. I will identify RNAs (mRNAs and smRNAs) associated with inter-organ signaling using a combination of time-based modeling and validate candidate genes using transgenics and shoot-root grafting. These studies will be the among the first to uncover systemic N-signals in a multicellular eukaryote.

Keywords: model plant,arabidopsis thaliana,nutrient,root development,long distance signalling,mobile rnas,gene expression,nitrogen,gene regulatory network
Effects of climate change on adult body size: Towards an integrative approach to understand the underlying mechanisms, the consequences across the lifespan, and improve our predictive ability (CLIMGROWTH)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Global Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Environment and Geosciences
Countries involved: Switzerland,United Kingdom,Canada
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2020, 2020)
Start date: 2021-09-01
End date: 2024-04-30
Duration (months): 30.0
Total project cost (EUR): 209598.24
EU funding (EUR): 209598.24
Participants: 3
Project status: SIGNED

Changes in adult body size have become a flagship response to climate change. In organisms with a finite growth, as mammals and birds (higher vertebrates), it is thought to result foremost from climate-induced changes in growth trajectories (plasticity) rather than from changes in the frequency of alleles coding for body size (microevolution). As a key ecological trait, body size is also an important driver of individual life history: individual growth conditions will ultimately determine maturation, reproduction and ageing. However, to date no studies on higher vertebrates have formally investigated the contribution of developmental plasticity vs. microevolution at explaining changes in adult body size in response to climate change and, more importantly, no studies have tested for lifelong effects of climate-induced change in growth and size on individual life history within and between generations. In CLIMGROWTH, I propose to focus on the Alpine swift, a species of outstanding morphological and metabolic characteristics (non-stop flights of up to 200 days), for which preliminary results show a significant increase in body size. In particular, I will use an unprecedented long-term database (>4,000 individuals, >20 years) to combine complex, state-of-the-art, statistical modelling approaches in order to address these knowledge gaps by: (1) testing for the first time in a higher vertebrate the contribution of developmental plasticity and microevolution at accounting for a change in body size in response to climate change using pedigree-based quantitative genetic models; (2) providing long-awaited results on the lifelong consequences of natal climatic conditions on individual life histories, (3) their transgenerational effects on offspring life histories; and (4) addressing the debate between quantitative geneticists and demographers in how to generate reliable predictions for responses to climate change by applying the different approaches in the same study system.

Keywords: evolutionary ecology,body size,climate change,growth,plasticity,microevolution,integrated population models,bird,wild
CONTROLLING AND MEASURING RELATIVISTIC MOTION OF MATTER WITH ULTRAINTENSE STRUCTURED LIGHT (ExCoMet)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Fundamental constituents of matter
Panel description: Particle, nuclear, plasma, atomic, molecular, gas, and optical physics
Countries involved: France
Call: ERC Advanced Grant (ERC-2015-AdG, 2015)
Start date: 2016-10-01
End date: 2021-12-31
Duration (months): 63.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2250000.0
EU funding (EUR): 2000000.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

Femtosecond lasers can now provide intensities such that the light field induces relativistic motion of large ensembles of electrons. The ultimate goal of this Ultra-High Intensity (UHI) Physics is the control of relativistic motion of matter with light, which requires a deep understanding of this extreme regime of laser-matter interaction. Such a control holds the promise of major scientific and societal applications, by providing ultra-compact laser-driven particle accelerators and attosecond X-ray sources. Until now, advances in UHI Physics have relied on a quest for the highest laser intensities, pursued by focusing optimally-compressed laser pulses to their diffraction limit. In contrast, the goal of the ExCoMet project is to establish a new paradigm, by demonstrating the potential of driving UHI laser plasma-interactions with sophisticated structured laser beams–i.e. beams whose amplitude, phase or polarization are shaped in space-time. Based on this new paradigm, we will show that unprecedented experimental insight can be gained on UHI laser-matter interactions. For instance, by using laser fields whose propagation direction rotates on a femtosecond time scale, we will temporally resolve the synchrotron emission of laser-driven relativistic electrons in plasmas, and thus gather direct information on their dynamics. We will also show that such structured laser fields can be exploited to introduce new physics in UHI experiments, and can provide advanced degrees of control that will be essential for future light and particles sources based on these interactions. Using Laguerre-Gauss beams, we will in particular investigate the transfer of orbital angular momentum from UHI lasers to plasmas, and its consequences on the physics and performances of laser-plasma accelerators. This project thus aims at bringing conceptual breakthroughs in UHI physics, at a time where major projects relying on this physics are being launched, in particular in Europe.

Keywords: ultrahigh intensity physics,ultraintense femtosecond lasers,ultrashort laser plasma interactions,ultrafast optics,attosecond science,laser driven particle acceleration
Tracers for targeting nerves in the autonomic nervous system (AUTO NERVE)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Proof of concept grants
Action type: ERC actions
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call: ERC-Proof of Concept (ERC-2017-PoC, 2017)
Start date: 2018-09-01
End date: 2020-02-29
Duration (months): 18.0
Total project cost (EUR): 140000.0
EU funding (EUR): 140000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

"As a common disease in western men, prostate cancer is a major driver for the billion-euro robotic surgery and laparoscopic devices markets. In the surgical management of prostate cancer patients, next to the tumor resection accuracy, the surgeon’s ability to preserve the nerve-network and prevent erectile dysfunction and urinary incontinence, is key. As these nerves are not visible by eye, image guided surgery approaches aimed at nerve-sparing demand the clinical availability of nerve-specific fluorescence tracers. Hereby it is expected that the ability to visualize peripheral nerves promotes nerve-sparing opportunities and opens up new commercial-avenues for companies involved in the surgical market. Previously my ILLUMINATING NERVES ERC-StG yielded a sensory-nerve targeted lead-compound that was made suitable for imaging somatic-nerves (MY NERVE ERC-PoC). This tracer, however, does not allow for imaging of the autonomic nerves. For autonomic nerves I have now shown, within the same ERC-StG, that an alternative tracer can be used as an imaging target. The aim of the AUTO NERVE ERC-PoC project is to convert the autonomic-nerve targeted lead-compound into a fluorescence tracer. Systematic fine-tuning of this lead will optimize the structure-activity relation and will improve the chance of future commercialization. Ultimately, the outcome of the three complementary ERC-grants should yield an advancement in clinical care.”

Keywords: nerve specific imaging agent,autonomous nerves,surgical guidance,chemical optimization
Understanding public beliefs about equality, inequality, and meritocracy (UnEquality)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Reintegration panel
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Social Sciences and Humanities
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2019, 2019)
Start date: 2020-06-01
End date: 2022-05-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 187572.48
EU funding (EUR): 187572.48
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The concentration of income and wealth has reached a level not seen since the Great Depression of the 1930s. Commentators see the topic’s salience reflected in the political turmoil of the Brexit vote and Donald Trump’s elections. A careful scrutiny of the public opinion record however tells a different story: despite the reality of growing economic inequality since the 1980s, there is little evidence of growing public consternation. In fact, across the western world, greater levels of inequality have gone hand-in-hand with lower levels of concerns. The proposed project is a mixed-methods investigation into the causes and consequences of this disconnect between the reality of economic inequality and what people believe to be true. Its starting point is the interdisciplinary body of research that has taken up the task to describe people’s (mis)perceptions of inequality and explore interventions to bring the public’s beliefs in closer alignment with reality. This project brings three innovations by combining sociological, political science and communication science methodologies: (1) contextualized analysis of belief formation through naturalistic deliberation and conversation rather than individual questionnaires, in order to better approximate the social process through which people develop an understanding of the world around them; (2) comprehensive description of people’s lay beliefs about economic inequality and its underlying causes, bringing state-of-the-art correlational class analysis to a research body dominated by ordinary least-square regression models; and (3) a population-based experimental test of causal mechanisms through which people’s beliefs about inequality may be changed. In sum, the research objective is to analyze (a) what people’s beliefs about inequality are, (b) what kind of information, assumptions or experience they are based on, and (c) whether and how they are likely to change when confronted with new and/or contradictory information.

Keywords: meritocracy
Linking within-host and between-host evolution of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (ECOEVODRTB)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution
Panel description: Ecology, biodiversity, environmental change, evolutionary biology, behavioural ecology, microbial ecology, marine biology, ecophysiology, theoretical developments and modelling
Countries involved: Switzerland,Georgia
Call: ERC Advanced Grant (ERC-2019-ADG, 2019)
Start date: 2020-08-01
End date: 2026-01-31
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2500000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1926625.0
Participants: 2
Project status: SIGNED

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the etiologic agent of tuberculosis (TB), is the main cause of human deaths due to infection in general, and to antimicrobial resistance in particular. Little is known on the within-host evolution of Mtb. Theory predicts that in chronic infections like TB, short-sighted evolution operates in the light of a trade-off between virulence and transmission. This trade-off is particularly relevant in the context of drug resistance, given the fitness costs of resistance. However, the role of short-sighted evolution in TB has never been explored empirically. Theory and model systems further predict that phenotypic drug tolerance facilitates the emergence of drug resistance, but the relevance of phenotypic drug tolerance for drug resistance evolution in the clinic has not been established for TB or any other bacterial disease. To address these and related questions, I propose to build on my recent work on the transmission of drug-resistant Mtb with a new focus on the within-patient evolution of drug-resistant Mtb and its link to between-patient evolution during transmission. Specifically, I shall: 1) Define the genomic characteristics and evolutionary forces shaping multidrug-resistant Mtb populations in individual patients over time and across different body compartments; 2) Compare the genomic and phenotypic properties of multidrug-resistant Mtb populations in individual patients to those circulating within the corresponding patient population; 3) Determine the effect of suboptimal patient treatment and phenotypic drug tolerance on drug resistance evolution in Mtb inside patients. By combining population genomics of Mtb sampled sequentially and from surgical specimens with experimental evolution and phenotypic characterization of clinical and experimentally evolved strains, this project will generate new insights relevant to both basic science and global public health.

Keywords: ecology,evolution,fitness,tuberculosis,mycobacteria,genomics,epidemiology,antibiotics,resistance,tolerance,persistence