Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Improving Metabolism via Prolonged Bile Acid Signalling targeting hepatic bile acid uptake to fight metabolic diseases (PROLONGBILESIGNALING)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Physiology, Pathophysiology and Endocrinology
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (ERC-2013-StG, 2013)
Start date: 2013-12-01
End date: 2018-11-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1489320.0
EU funding (EUR): 1489320.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Bile acids play a pivotal role in energy supply as they facilitate the solubilization and absorption of fat in the intestine. Furthermore, bile acids are recently identified as important signalling molecules regulating glucose metabolism, inflammation and energy expenditure. Targeting bile acid signalling is, therefore, appealing to treat metabolic diseases such as diabetes and atherosclerosis. These disorders are potentially affecting >1 billion individuals worldwide and current options to treat them remain insufficient. I postulate that the hepatic bile acid uptake transporter NTCP (gene name SLC10A1) provides an excellent novel target to improve human health as it determines the duration of bile acid signalling by controlling how fast bile acids are removed from serum after a meal. In this proposal I will elucidate the contribution of bile acid dynamics to energy homeostasis and metabolism and identify the molecular mechanisms that regulate NTCP. My aim is to generate novel strategies to reduce hepatic bile acid uptake to prolong bile-acid signalling and increase energy expenditure, improve glucose handling and reduce atherosclerosis. My key objectives are: 1. to determine the consequence of NTCP modulation on systemic bile acid dynamics, glucose and energy metabolism in animal models. To this end, I will perform careful metabolic analysis of a unique Slc10a1 knockout model in combination with diet-induced and genetic models for atherosclerosis and diabetes. 2. to identify novel means to inhibit NTCP-mediated bile acid uptake. To this end, I will make use of a FRET-based bile acid sensor that I recently developed to characterize the molecular regulation of hepatic bile acid uptake and to identify FDA-approved drugs that inhibit NTCP-mediated bile acid uptake. This will establish my new research line on serum bile acid dynamics and ultimately provide new ways to treat metabolic diseases related to disturbed bile acid, lipid, glucose and energy homeostasis.

Keywords: bile acid,transporter
Stability and Instability in the Mathematical Analysis of the Einstein equations (STABMAEINSTEIN)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Mathematical foundations
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2013-StG, 2013)
Start date: 2013-11-01
End date: 2018-10-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1264652.0
EU funding (EUR): 1264652.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The present proposal is concerned with the global analysis of solutions to the Einstein equations of general relativity. This subject lies at the intersection of the analysis of partial differential equations, differential geometry and theoretical physics and is a field of intense current activity, with several important advances having been achieved in the last decade only. The main objective of the proposal is to establish a research group based at Imperial College to develop novel mathematical techniques that would allow one to move considerably beyond the current limits of the field. These techniques will be devised and mature in the context of two fundamental problems, which we intend to solve. 1) Instability of AdS: The stability of Minkowski space and the stability of de Sitter space are celebrated theorems in mathematical general relativity. In contrast, the dynamics near Anti de Sitter (AdS) space, the maximally symmetric solution with negative cosmological constant, is mathematically entirely unexplored. Heuristic andnumerical arguments suggest instability of this spacetime. Instability problems are typically much more intricate than stability problems and require very different techniques. A rigorous proof of instability would resolve a major conjecture in general relativity and have important implications for theoretical physics. 2) The Black Hole Stability Problem: A central problem of general relativity is to prove the full non-linear stability of the 2-parameter Kerr family of black holes. Very recently, the dynamics of linear waves on such stationary black holes has been satisfactorily understood. The proposal suggests to suitably enhance the techniques developed for linear scalar waves to be applicable in the non-linear, tensorial setting of of the Einstein equations. Key will be to establish important estimates on the curvature in a class of (non-stationary) spacetimes which are assumed to converge to a fixed member of the Kerr family.

Keywords: mathematical general relativity,black holes,stability,non-linear wave equations,spacetimes
analyse Soluble + Membrane complexes with Improved LILBID Experiments (A SMILE)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Physical and Analytical Chemical sciences
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (ERC-2013-StG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-02-01
End date: 2019-01-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1264477.0
EU funding (EUR): 1264477.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Crucial processes within cells depend on specific non-covalent interactions which mediate the assembly of proteins and other biomolecules. Deriving structural information to understand the function of these complex systems is the primary goal of Structural Biology. In this application, the recently developed LILBID method (Laser Induced Liquid Bead Ion Desorption) will be optimized for investigation of macromolecular complexes with a mass accuracy two orders of magnitude better than in 1st generation spectrometers. Controlled disassembly of the multiprotein complexes in the mass spectrometric analysis while keeping the 3D structure intact, will allow for the determination of complex stoichiometry and connectivity of the constituting proteins. Methods for such controlled disassembly will be developed in two separate units of the proposed LILBID spectrometer, in a collision chamber and in a laser dissociation chamber, enabling gas phase dissociation of protein complexes and removal of excess water/buffer molecules. As a third unit, a chamber allowing determination of ion mobility (IM) will be integrated to determine collisional cross sections (CCS). From CCS, unique information regarding the spatial arrangement of proteins in complexes or subcomplexes will then be obtainable from LILBID. The proposed design of the new spectrometer will offer fundamentally new possibilities for the investigation of non-covalent RNA, soluble and membrane protein complexes, as well as broadening the applicability of non-covalent MS towards supercomplexes.

Keywords: mass spectrometry,non-covalent complexes
Unifying Domestication and Evolution through Ancient DNA (UNDEAD)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The study of the human past
Countries involved: United Kingdom,United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2013-StG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-02-01
End date: 2020-01-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1492844.0
EU funding (EUR): 1492844.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

Between 15,000 and 10,000 years ago, human populations in numerous regions of the world forged closer relationships with plants and animals. This domestication process not only significantly altered the genetic, behavioural and phenotypic characteristics of all the species involved, it also laid the foundations for the first urban societies. This project will take advantage of revolutionary genetic technologies to characterise, for the first time, the nuclear genomes of ancient dogs, pigs, and chickens. By combining the resolution of thousands of DNA markers with the time depth of archaeology, this project will address major outstanding questions regarding the origins, pattern and processes of animal domestication. This project’s primary objective is to quantify degrees of gene flow between different populations of wild and domestic species in order to address where and how many times early animal domestication took place. I will also type dozens of mutations in ancient samples known to differentiate modern domestic and wild individuals. By doing so, I will determine when these key mutations first appeared and how often similar genes were selected for in different species. In addition, I will combine the use the high-resolution genetic datasets with cutting-edge morphological methods to demonstrate how quantifying admixture in domestic animals can be used to extend the range of archaeological questions that can be addressed, thereby furthering the field as a whole. More specifically, I will use domestic animals as a proxy to understand patterns of human migration across the Old World and as a measure of population connectivity that may have determined the success and failure of the first North Atlantic settlements. In sum, this timely and groundbreaking project will provide the first insights into the role of ancient admixture between wild and domestic animal populations leading to a sea change in our understanding of the animal domestication process.

Keywords: domestication,ancient dna,phylogeography,next generation sequencing
Imaging and Regulation of the Cellular Dynamics Driving the Vertebrate Limb Formation (LIMBCELLDYNAMICS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Cellular and Developmental Biology
Countries involved: France
Call:  (ERC-2013-StG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-04-01
End date: 2020-03-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1665862.0
EU funding (EUR): 1665862.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Limb defects, which are amongst the most frequent congenital malformations in humans, are the result of deviation in normal developmental program deployment affecting limb specification, initiation or patterning. In most cases the mechanisms underlying limb abnormalities are, at the best, poorly defined. This is in part due because despite considerable advances in our understanding of normal limb morphogenesis, on a molecular level, fundamental aspects of limb formation are not understood at a cellular level. Thus, we still have a very incomplete picture of limb formation that prevents further progress in our understanding of this process. Here, we propose to elucidate the role of dynamic cell behavior in the consecutive steps of limb specification, initiation and patterning. More specifically, we will first generate transgenic quail lines expressing various fluorescent proteins as unique tools to investigate the cellular and molecular dynamics underlying the vertebrate limb formation. Using these transgenic quail lines in combination with state-of-the-art live imaging, biophysical, cellular, molecular and classical developmental biology approaches we will (1) elucidate how early cellular and molecular events taking place during gastrulation specify the position of the limbs; (2) decipher how positional information and molecular signaling are then integrated by limb precursors cells to initiate the formation of the limb; (3) investigate how cellular behavior at the onset of limb formation affects its patterning into different skeletal elements. The elucidation of the cellular events underlying the different steps of limb development, together with their molecular regulation, represents crucial missing information, which will undoubtedly push forward the frontier of our current knowledge of normal limb formation. Importantly, these studies will provide an integrated and comprehensive framework for understanding the mechanisms underlying congenital limb malformations.
Hybrid atom-ion Quantum Systems (HYQS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Fundamental constituents of matter
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (ERC-2013-StG, 2013)
Start date: 2013-12-01
End date: 2018-11-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1490152.0
EU funding (EUR): 1490152.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

This project focusses on realizing and studying a new hybrid ultra-cold atom-ion system for studying quantum many-body physics. It combines state-of-the-art technologies in quantum optics and quantum gases. The proposed system of cold (fermionic) atoms interacting with ion crystals has surprising analogies with natural solid state systems and molecules, with now by fermionic 6Li atoms in place of electrons and heavy 174Yb+ ions in place of ionic cores. In particular, an atomic band structure may arise with tunable atom-phonon interactions. The proposed experimental approach is inspired by advances in pioneering experiments with hybrid atom-ion systems. By using a new atom-ion combination that has the highest experimentally feasible mass ratio of 29 (Li and Yb+), heating due to the dynamical trapping potential of the ions is suppressed. This eliminates an important road block in existing hybrid atom-ion experiments towards reaching deep into the quantum regime. I will use optical micro-traps in conjunction with segmented ion traps to study the system in a regime with a small number of atoms (1-100) and ions. This offers unprecedented control over the quantum states of atoms and ions. Engineering non-classical states in the ions will allow for quantum enhanced measurements of the combined atom-ion system, with single atom and single collision resolution. State-dependence in the atom-ion interactions can be employed to engineer quantum potentials for the atoms, leading to large scale ion-atomic Schrödinger cat-type entanglement.
Convective Heat Transport and Stellar Magnetism (CHASM)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Universe sciences
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2013-StG, 2013)
Start date: 2013-12-01
End date: 2019-06-30
Duration (months): 67.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1469070.0
EU funding (EUR): 1469070.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Magnetism plays a profound role in stars and planets. In the Sun, magnetic fields are ultimately responsible for solar flares and coronal mass ejections that can impact our technological society. Earth's own magnetic field partly shields us from these events, but solar storms can still interrupt satellite communications, disrupt power grids, and pose a danger to astronauts on spacewalks. More generally, magnetic fields partly control the rotational evolution of stars, likely impact the habitability of extrasolar planets, and may modify the sizes and internal structures of low-mass stars and gaseous planets. In all cases, the magnetism is generally thought to arise from a convective dynamo -- but a detailed theoretical understanding of this process, and its influence on the overall evolution of stars and planets, has remained elusive. Particularly fascinating observational puzzles have recently come from the study of low-mass M-dwarf stars: the most numerous type of stars in our galaxy and perhaps the most likely to host habitable planets. We therefore propose to study how stars and sub-stellar objects build magnetic fields using 3-D magnetohydrodynamic simulations, and to quantify the effects of those fields on stellar structure and evolution. Using the Anelastic Spherical Harmonic (ASH) and Compressible Spherical Segment (CSS) codes, we will examine (a) how global magnetic field generation in these stars depends upon parameters like stellar mass, rotation rate, and the presence of a stable core, and (b) how the deep convection and magnetism imprints through (and is shaped by) the near-surface layers of these objects. We will (c) determine the impact of the resulting fields on the convective transport of heat and angular momentum, incorporate our results into state of the art 1-D evolutionary models of stars, and explore the consequences for stellar evolution. Separately, we will (d) develop and maintain a public database of 3-D convective dynamo models.

Keywords: dynamos,mhd,convection
Electrical Machine Magnetic Properties Characterisation Setup for Aerospace Application (EMMPC)

Framework: FP7 — Cooperation
Programme: Joint Technology Initiatives (Annex IV-SP1)
Theme: Public-private partnerships
Destination: Clean Sky
Action type: Article 171 of the Treaty
Partnership: CLEAN-SKY (Art-185)
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (SP1-JTI-CS-2012-03, 2012)
Start date: 2013-05-01
End date: 2014-10-31
Duration (months): 18.0
Total project cost (EUR): 761200.0
EU funding (EUR): 516600.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Magnetic materials influence with their magnetic properties the performance and efficiency of electrical machines strongly. Design and construction of those electrical machines are influenced and optimized by choosing the material which fits best. To do this up to now only the standard measuring techniques described in international standards are mainly available. Existing set-ups provide results only for sinusoidal field magnetization. Due to the growing demand of completely new designs for electrical systems to fulfill the future requirements in efficiency and carbon neutral demands this standard measurements are not able to deliver the data needed. Therefore it is necessary to develop and manufacture a high performance magnetic materials characterization setup to measure the magnetic properties (mainly: losses, permeability, remanence, saturation, coercive field, etc.) with the necessary flexibility to accommodate aerospace motor requirements. The equipment will characterize magnetic materials in terms of B-H characteristics and losses of the soft and hard materials being used within the electrical machines developed for the future needs, to handle soft and hard magnetic materials used for high performance electrical machines. For the optimization of high performance aerospace applications the setup has to generate, beside the standard measurements on hard and soft magnetic materials the following test results: Magnetic properties at high excitation frequencies Magnetic properties at pulse width excitation Magnetic properties at wave form excitation with higher harmonic content Magnetic properties at free wave form excitation Characterization of the magnetic properties under rotational flux vector conditions Characterization of the magnetic material using finished product shape (nonstandard sample shape)

Keywords: pulsating & rotational loss,soft & hard magnetic properties,bh curve,pwm waveform,free curves,polarisation,coercive field strenght,saturation,higher harmonics,frequency,electrical steels,permeability
Hierarchical Carbon Nanomaterials (HIENA)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Products and process engineering
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2013-StG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-01-01
End date: 2018-12-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1496379.0
EU funding (EUR): 1496379.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Over the past years, carbon nanomaterial such as graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted the interest of scientists, because some of their properties are unlike any other engineering material. Individual graphene sheets and CNTs have shown a Youngs Modulus of 1 TPa and a tensile strength of 100 GPa, hereby exceeding steel at only a fraction of its weight. Further, they offer high currents carrying capacities of 10^9 A/cm², and thermal conductivities up to 3500 W/mK, exceeding diamond. Importantly, these off-the-chart properties are only valid for high quality individualized nanotubes or sheets. However, most engineering applications require the assembly of tens to millions of these nanoparticles into one device. Unfortunately, the mechanical and electronic figures of merit of such assembled materials typically drop by at least an order of magnitude in comparison to the constituent nanoparticles. In this ERC project, we aim at the development of new techniques to create structured assemblies of carbon nanoparticles. Herein we emphasize the importance of controlling hierarchical arrangement at different length scales in order to engineer the properties of the final device. The project will follow a methodical approach, bringing together different fields of expertise ranging from macro- and microscale manufacturing, to nanoscale material synthesis and mesoscale chemical surface modification. For instance, we will pursue combined top-down microfabrication and bottom-up self-assembly, accompanied with surface modification through hydrothermal processing. This research will impact scientific understanding of how nanotubes and nanosheets interact, and will create new hierarchical assembly techniques for nanomaterials. Further, this ERC project pursues applications with high societal impact, including energy storage and water filtration. Finally, HIENA will tie relations with EU’s rich CNT industry to disseminate its technologic achievements.

Keywords: carbon nanotubes,hierarchical materials