Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Foundations for Temporal Retrieval, Exploration and Analytics in Web Archives (ALEXANDRIA)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Computer science and informatics
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-03-01
End date: 2019-02-28
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2493600.0
EU funding (EUR): 2493600.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Significant parts of our cultural heritage are produced on the Web, yet only insufficient opportunities exist for accessing and exploring the past of the Web. The ALEXANDRIA project aims to develop models, tools and techniques necessary to archive and index relevant parts of the Web, and to retrieve and explore this information in a meaningful way. While the easy accessibility to the current Web is a good baseline, optimal access to Web archives requires new models and algorithms for retrieval, exploration, and analytics which go far beyond what is needed to access the current state of the Web. This includes taking into account the unique temporal dimension of Web archives, structured semantic information already available on the Web, as well as social media and network information. Within ALEXANDRIA, we will significantly advance semantic and time-based indexing for Web archives using human-compiled knowledge available on the Web, to efficiently index, retrieve and explore information about entities and events from the past. In doing so, we will focus on the concurrent evolution of this knowledge and the Web content to be indexed, and take into account diversity and incompleteness of this knowledge. We will further investigate mixed crowd- and machine-based Web analytics to support long- running and collaborative retrieval and analysis processes on Web archives. Usage of implicit human feedback will be essential to provide better indexing through insights during the analysis process and to better focus harvesting of content. The ALEXANDRIA Testbed will provide an important context for research, exploration and evaluation of the concepts, methods and algorithms developed in this project, and will provide both relevant collections and algorithms that enable further research on and practical application of our research results to existing archives like the Internet Archive, the Internet Memory Foundation and Web archives maintained by European national libraries.

Keywords: web archiving,temporal retrieval,social web,web analytics
Performance-based Innovation Rewards (REWARD)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Institutions, values, beliefs and behaviour
Countries involved: United Kingdom,India
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-02-01
End date: 2019-07-31
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1922338.4
EU funding (EUR): 1922338.4
Participants: 3
Project status: CLOSED

REWARD will open up new horizons in complementing the international intellectual property rights (IPR) system. The project's ambitious output is an ethically and legally sound performance-based reward mechanism for pharmaceutical innovation, which complements the existing patent regime, yet mitigates its considerable disadvantages for the global poor. The current IPR system impedes access to life-saving medicines for the poor in two main ways. First, high prices for pharmaceutical innovations are required to recoup research and development costs through time-limited patent protection. Whilst high price levels maintain incentives for pharmaceutical innovation, they price new medicines beyond the range of the poor creating an accessibility problem. At the same time, diseases that burden the poor are often not worthy of investment for pharmaceutical innovators, creating an availability problem ('neglected diseases'). Many international research groups are working on IPR reform plans based on performance-based rewards for pharmaceutical innovation. However, their efforts are disparate and lacking a guiding vision. REWARD will use world-class ethics research as the steering force to determine which performance-based reward mechanism for pharmaceutical innovation is the most promising. In an interdisciplinary collaboration of ethicists, lawyers, economists, and statisticians, with experts in medicine, science and technology policy and gender studies the selected mechanism will be tested in a developed and a developing country.

Keywords: access to medicines,global poverty,intellectual property rights,pharmaceutical innovation,performance-based innovation rewards
MULTIAX: Multiaxial and Multiscale Plasticity in Metals (MULTIAX)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Products and process engineering
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-03-01
End date: 2019-02-28
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2499900.0
EU funding (EUR): 2499900.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Our ambition is to probe the influence of non-proportional multiaxial straining on the multiscale aspects of metal plasticity with focus on three deformation mechanisms: dislocation plasticity in bcc metals, mechanical twinning in fcc metals and the martensitic phase transformation. These mechanisms play a key role in modern TWIP and TRIP steels, yet about their response to multiaxial loading not much is known. The underlying hypothesis of this research project is that by performing biaxial deformation tests at the micro-, meso- and macro-scale meanwhile following the microstructure insitu, ground-breaking insight can be obtained on how a second strain path, a change in strain path with or without prior unloading affects the operation of the deformation mechanism, the defect accumulation and as a consequence, the evolving microstructure. The expected outcome of the research will help the formulation of criteria to be implemented in micromechanical models, for which constitutive equations are now relying solely on a knowledgebase derived from uniaxial testing. Operationally, the project contains a development phase and a research phase. First a micro- and meso-scale biaxial test rig will be developed, allowing deforming small samples in two orthogonal directions independently, compatible to be installed at various Xray beamlines of synchrotron facilities in Europe and in SEMs. The research phase will be multiscale: the response of each deformation mechanism will be investigated at the level of the mechanism itself, at the level of an oligocrystal focusing on transmission of strain across grain boundaries and at the macrosopic level focussing on the evolution of the microstructure. Experimental research will be accompanied by synergetic computational simulations.

Keywords: metallurgy,mechanical behaviour,xray and neutron diffraction
'Orbital molecules' - self-organised states for orbitronics (ORBITMOL)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Materials and Synthesis
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-02-01
End date: 2019-01-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2315142.0
EU funding (EUR): 2315142.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

‘Orbital molecules’ are made up of coupled orbital states on several metal ions within an orbitally-ordered (and sometimes also charge-ordered) solid such as a transition metal oxide. Spin-singlet dimers (a weak metal-metal bond) are known in several materials, but recent discoveries of more exotic species such as 18-electron heptamers in AlV2O4 and 3-atom trimerons in magnetite (Fe3O4) have shown that a general new class of quantum electronic states that we call ‘orbital molecules’ awaits exploration. The discovery of trimerons is particularly important as it provides the solution to the important and long-running problem of the low temperature Verwey phase of magnetite. This was discovered in 1939 but remained contentious as the complex superstructure was unknown. The applicant and co-workers recently used a synchrotron microcrystal technique to solve the structure. This showed that the Verwey transition is driven by Fe2+/3+ charge ordering in a first approximation, but with the formation of a self-organised network of trimeron orbital molecules that had not been predicted in over 70 years of previous study. To expand the magnetite discovery into a general breakthrough in understanding quantum matter, this project will explore chemical tuning of orbital molecule self-organisation, discovery of novel orbital molecule orders in frustrated networks, and investigations of trimeron glass and liquid phases in magnetite. Evidence for liquid phases is key to possible applications. The project will develop high resolution diffraction and total scattering methods to determine long range and local orbital molecule orders, with further characterisation from magnetisation and conductivity measurements. Samples will be synthesised at ambient and high pressures. This study will pioneer a new area of research in the electronic properties of solids, and may help to underpin future post-silicon orbitronic technologies based on the creation and manipulation of orbital states.

Keywords: transition metal oxides
Atlas of leaf growth regulatory networks in MAIZE (AMAIZE)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Applied life sciences and biotechnology
Countries involved: Belgium
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-02-01
End date: 2019-01-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2418429.0
EU funding (EUR): 2418429.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Understanding how organisms regulate size is one of the most fascinating open questions in biology. The aim of the AMAIZE project is to unravel how growth of maize leaves is controlled. Maize leaf development offers great opportunities to study the dynamics of growth regulatory networks, essentially because leaf development is a linear system with cell division at the leaf basis followed by cell expansion and maturation. Furthermore, the growth zone is relatively large allowing easy access of tissues at different positions. Four different perturbations of maize leaf size will be analyzed with cellular resolution: wild-type and plants having larger leaves (as a consequence of GA20OX1 overexpression), both grown under either well-watered or mild drought conditions. Firstly, a 3D cellular map of the growth zone of the fourth leaf will be made. RNA-SEQ of three different tissues (adaxial- and abaxial epidermis; mesophyll) obtained by laser dissection with an interval of 2.5 mm along the growth zone will allow for the analysis of the transcriptome with high resolution. Additionally, the composition of fifty selected growth regulatory protein complexes and DNA targets of transcription factors will be determined with an interval of 5 mm along the growth zone. Computational methods will be used to construct comprehensive integrative maps of the cellular and molecular processes occurring along the growth zone. Finally, selected regulatory nodes of the growth regulatory networks will be further functionally analyzed using a transactivation system in maize. AMAIZE opens up new perspectives for the identification of optimal growth regulatory networks that can be selected for by advanced breeding or for which more robust variants (e.g. reduced susceptibility to drought) can be obtained through genetic engineering. The ability to improve the growth of maize and in analogy other cereals could have a high impact in providing food security

Keywords: plant regulatory networks - plant organ size - crop production
ADDITIONAL LOSSES IN ELECTRICAL MACHINES (ALEM)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Products and process engineering
Countries involved: Finland
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-03-01
End date: 2019-02-28
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2489948.93
EU funding (EUR): 2489948.93
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Electrical motors consume about 40 % of the electrical energy produced in the European Union. About 90 % of this energy is converted to mechanical work. However, 0.5-2.5 % of it goes to so called additional load losses whose exact origins are unknown. Our ambitious aim is to reveal the origins of these losses, build up numerical tools for modeling them and optimize electrical motors to minimize the losses. As the hypothesis of the research, we assume that the additional losses mainly result from the deterioration of the core materials during the manufacturing process of the machine. By calorimetric measurements, we have found that the core losses of electrical machines may be twice as large as comprehensive loss models predict. The electrical steel sheets are punched, welded together and shrink fit to the frame. This causes residual strains in the core sheets deteriorating their magnetic characteristics. The cutting burrs make galvanic contacts between the sheets and form paths for inter-lamination currents. Another potential source of additional losses are the circulating currents between the parallel strands of random-wound armature windings. The stochastic nature of these potential sources of additional losses puts more challenge on the research. We shall develop a physical loss model that couples the mechanical strains and electromagnetic losses in electrical steel sheets and apply the new model for comprehensive loss analysis of electrical machines. The stochastic variables related to the core losses and circulating-current losses will be discretized together with the temporal and spatial discretization of the electromechanical field variables. The numerical stochastic loss model will be used to search for such machine constructions that are insensitive to the manufacturing defects. We shall validate the new numerical loss models by electromechanical and calorimetric measurements.
The Emergence of Relativism -- Historical, Philosophical and Sociological Perspectives (RELATIVISM)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The Human Mind and its complexity
Countries involved: Austria
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-06-01
End date: 2019-05-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2494982.0
EU funding (EUR): 2494982.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Although philosophers as well as scientists are frequently involved in debates over the threat or promise of relativism, there has been little detailed historical, philosophical or sociological work on its emergence and early development. This project addresses this lacuna in a fundamentally new way: it investigates the history of relativism in the German-speaking world (and to some degree, beyond) in the 19th and early 20th century across several disciplines--philosophy, physiology, psychology, history, linguistics, theology, law, linguistics, anthropology, sociology--using integrated historical, sociological and philosophical methods. The main objectives of this project are thus to: (1) retrace the intellectual history of the emergence of important forms of relativism (and the counterpart versions of anti-relativism) in 19th and early-20th-century German-speaking philosophy and science; (2) explain some key junctures of this intellectual history in sociological terms; and (3) critically evaluate the central arguments for and against relativism as they evolved in the period under investigation, and as they have been developed further in more recent discussions. Accordingly, the overall project has three main perspectives: Intellectual History of Philosophy and the Sciences, Sociology of Knowledge, and Philosophy. Methodologically, the project will be innovative in building on the tensions between these three perspectives. E.g. philosophical studies on causal explanation will be used to sharpen sociological or historical analyses. And these analyses will in turn suggest new forms of philosophical reflection on the determinants of intellectual content. The results of this project are bound to benefit all of the mentioned disciplines in which debates over relativism loom large. Some of the results will be of significance also to wider social debates over, say, multiculturalism or pluralism (themes beyond the immediate focus of the project).

Keywords: relativism,epistemological relativism,moral relativism,philosophy and the sciences in 19th and 20th-century german-speaking culture
Multiscale Extended Computational Homogenization for the Mechanical design of Advanced Materials (MECHMAM)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Products and process engineering
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-03-01
End date: 2019-02-28
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2489197.0
EU funding (EUR): 2489197.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The bottom-up design of advanced materials with unprecedented mechanical properties is a grand challenge, requiring reliable multiscale methods. This proposal targets a novel extended multiscale computational homogenization framework, in order to make a breakthrough in lifting scale separation limits restricting existing scale bridging methods. This method enables designs using groundbreaking concepts, as used in advanced mechanical metamaterials, offering superb properties in e.g. energy absorption or harvesting, dynamic and multi-functional properties. This novel route relies on a multiscale design that exploits, rather than avoids, the complex interactions between the scales involved. The proposed methodology is fundamentally new with a potentially large impact on many multiscale methods. The computational homogenization method will be taken as the starting point, since it is one of the most powerful multiscale methods available. To enable the anticipated breakthrough, the coarse scale description will be enriched by key characteristics of the fine scale fluctuation fields that are responsible for the breakdown of scale separation. A generalized micromorphic continuum thus emerges at the coarse scale. The analysis of the fine scale fluctuation fields will be established in a strongly coupled numerical-experimental approach, making use of integrated image and field correlation methods. Full kinematical fields at different scales and different stages of deformation will be used. Particular attention is given to computational efficiency, by a newly developed dedicated reduced order model for the extended multiscale scheme. The added value of the novel multiscale method and its practical applicability will be demonstrated by analysing the damage-to-fracture transition in a multi-phase steel. A full proof of principle is given on the design, processing and testing of a novel nonlinear micromorphic acoustic metamaterial, taking optimally benefit of scale interactions.

Keywords: multiscale mechanics,computational homogenization,micromorphic continua,global digital image correlation,localization,damage,fracture
Host-microbiota interactions across the gut immune system: lessons from early onset inflammatory bowel diseases and from gnotobiotic mice (IMMUNOBIOTA)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Physiology, Pathophysiology and Endocrinology
Countries involved: France
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-03-01
End date: 2020-02-29
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2499551.0
EU funding (EUR): 2499551.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

How the immune system controls the partnership established between mammalian hosts and the complex microbial community that colonizes their distal intestine is a fascinating topic with wide implications in physiology and pathology. In order to delineate how the two partners build and maintain mutualistic relationships, we intend to combine bench to bed-site approaches in humans and mechanistic studies in mice. The first part of the proposal aims at dissecting human host pathways mandatory to maintain homeostatic relationships with the microbiota through the analysis of a cohort of young children with colites of early onset likely caused by Mendelian mutations. In this part, we expect to take advantage from recent development of powerful tools in genome analysis to extend our expertise in human intestinal immunopathology, provide novel basic insight into immuno-regulation in the human gut and delineate new tools and strategies for the diagnosis and care of inflammatory bowel diseases in children. In the second part of the proposal, we intend to capitalise on our recent results highlighting the key role of Segmented Filamentous Bacterium in the post-natal maturation of the gut immune system in mice and on very recent evidence of a host-specific version of this bacterium in the human microbiota. First, we want to combine analyses in gnotobiotic mice and molecular approaches to provide a comprehensive view of the mechanisms underlying the outstanding immunostimulatory functions of this unusual symbiont. We hope thereby to identify the bacterial attributes that drive the physiological activation of the host immune system and to gain insight into the rules that govern host-microbiota interactions. Second, we intend to put all possible efforts to characterise the human version of Segmented Filamentous bacterium and to analyse how this bacterium may influence the normal or pathological development of the gut immune system in humans.