Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Global warming effects on the stream carbon balance (GWESCB)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: European Re-integration Grants
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2010-RG, 2010)
Start date: 2011-01-01
End date: 2013-12-31
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 45000.0
EU funding (EUR): 45000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Global warming has altered and will further alter the temporal patterns of the water temperature in stream ecosystems. These changes in the temperature patterns include an increasing frequency and magnitude of heat waves, as well as an alteration of the diel temperature patterns, with warmer night-time temperatures. A growing number of studies are assessing the effect of a mean temperature increase in the ecology of weatlands, forests, streams and other ecosystems, but the effect of the alteration of the temporal patterns is mainly unexplored and might have a major impact on the C balance of streams. Any change in the C balance in streams will be reflected in the global C balance given the connecting role of river networks between donor terrestrial ecosystems and sink marine ecosystems. In this research project, I aim to experimentally assess the effects of the alteration of the previously mentioned temporal temperature patterns on the stream C balance. Thus, 2 different types of mesocosmos will be assembled and used within the framework of this research. Expected results might help better understanding how global warming influences the C cycle at both ecosystem and global scales.

Keywords: carbon cycle (climate change),ecosystems (climate change),climate variability (climate change),fresh water ecosystems,biochemical and hydrological cycles
Tephra constraints on rapid climatic events (TRACE)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Earth system science
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2010-StG_20091028, 2010)
Start date: 2011-09-01
End date: 2017-02-28
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1471116.8
EU funding (EUR): 1471116.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Little has challenged our understanding of climate change more so than the abruptness with which large-scale shifts in temperature occurred during the last glacial period. Atmospheric temperature jumps of 8-16°C, occurring within decades over Greenland, were closely matched by rapid changes in North Atlantic sea surface temperatures. Though these climatic instabilities are well-documented in various proxy records, the causal mechanisms of such short-lived oscillations remain poorly understood. Two hypotheses have been proposed: one relating to the behaviour of the ocean circulation and the other to the dynamics of the atmosphere. Testing these hypotheses, however, is severely hampered by dating uncertainties that prevent the integration of proxy records on common timescales. As a result unravelling the lead/lag responses (hence cause and effect) between the Earth’s climate components is currently beyond our reach. TRACE will exploit a powerful new approach whereby microscopic traces of volcanic events are employed to precisely correlate proxy records from the North Atlantic region to assess the phasing relationships between the atmosphere and the ocean during these rapid climatic events. Volcanic layers have the unique advantage of representing fixed time-lines between different proxy records. This correlation tool has experienced a considerable step-change in recent years, with invisible layers of volcanic ash traced over much wider geographical regions than previously thought. What is more, recent work has identified new, previously unknown eruptions - several of which coincide with the rapid climatic jumps imprinted in the proxy records. Thus tephra isochrones represent (perhaps the only) independent constraints for resolving past events on decadal timescales.

Keywords: tephrochronology,millennial-scale climatic events,integration of ice and marine cores
Ultra-fast control of THz plasmon polariton resonances (THZ-PLASMON)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Condensed matter physics
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (ERC-2010-StG_20091028, 2010)
Start date: 2011-06-01
End date: 2016-05-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1492800.0
EU funding (EUR): 1492800.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Active control of the optical properties of materials represents one of the most fundamental aspects of photonics. It is crucial to deepen our understanding on light-matter interactions, and for the development of novel technologies. Of special importance is the interaction of light with metal surfaces, leading to surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). SPPs can give rise to giant local field enhancements in subwavelength volumes. Thanks to recent developments in plasmonics, electromagnetic fields can nowadays be controlled in subwavelength volumes and on ultra-fast time scales. However, research has been limited to optical and near-IR frequencies. The lack of studies at lower frequencies originates from the weak confinement of SPPs at these frequencies. Our objective is to overcome these limitations, demonstrating for the first time ultra-fast control in subwavelength dimensions of plasmonic resonances at THz frequencies. In particular, we plan to control localized surface plasmon polaritons (LSPPs), arising from the coherent oscillation of charges in particles. For this purpose, we will fabricate semiconductor particles supporting LSPPs, which will be controlled optically at very low fluences. We will show that the spatial distribution of giant field enhancements can be tuned with unprecedented accuracy by demonstrating its optical switching by several orders of magnitude. Moreover, we will study for the first time the active coupling of plasmonic resonances in periodic arrays of semiconductor particles. These arrays will constitute the plasmonic analogue to phased array antennas. The project will open new horizons in fundamental research, as well as in applications such as THz modulators and sensors.

Keywords: plasmonics,terahertz,subwavelength structures,all-optical switching,plasmonic antennas
Predicting individual response and resistance to VEGFR/mTOR pathway therapeutic intervention using biomarkers discovered through tumour functional genomics (PREDICT)

Framework: FP7 — Cooperation
Programme: Health
Destination: Translating research for human health
Action type: Collaborative project
Countries involved: Denmark,United Kingdom,France,Hungary,Germany,Germany,France,Netherlands
Call:  (FP7-HEALTH-2010-two-stage, 2010)
Start date: 2011-01-01
End date: 2014-12-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 7964979.34
EU funding (EUR): 5841009.2
Participants: 14
Project status: CLOSED

The strategic development of accurate biomarkers to predict response to therapy in cancer medicine will enhance clinical outcome and reduce the health economic impact of drug resistant disease. The PREDICT consortium will identify and validate predictive biomarkers for two drugs which have direct anti-tumour cell and anti-angiogenic activity and for which no established predictive biomarkers of tumour response exist: sunitinib, a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and everolimus, an mTOR pathway inhibitor. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), a disease sensitive to these agents, will serve as the model tumour type to identify predictive response biomarkers suitable for widespread application across diverse tumour types. PREDICT’s biomarker discovery approach is based on the integration of genomics data from pre-operative RCC therapeutic clinical trials with novel personalised functional genomic screen datasets. We will systematically collect tumour tissue from monotherapy pre-operative window RCC clinical trials of 240 patients treated with everolimus or sunitinib and determine expression profiles, copy number aberrations, and genome-wide exon sequences of tumours before and after drug treatment. We will perform two types of RNA interference drug- and hypoxia-resistance screens: one using reverse transfection of commercial siRNA libraries into previously established RCC cell lines, and one using a novel approach through personalised tumour cDNA derived-shRNA library transduction of ex-vivo cultured autologous tumour cell lines. Bioinformatics integration of these complementary individualised clinical and experimental datasets will enable the rapid and cost efficient identification of predictive biomarkers and simultaneously define molecular mechanisms contributing to intrinsic and acquired drug resistant disease in vivo, yielding additional targets for therapeutic intervention.

Keywords: renal cancer,next generation sequencing,hypoxia,angiogenesis,drug resistance,personalised medicine,rna interference,functional genomics,everolimus,sunitinib,predictive biomarker
Large Scale Architectures with Nanometric Structured Interfaces for Charge Separation, Transport and Interception (OPTIMLIGHTHARVEST)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Materials and Synthesis
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (ERC-2010-StG_20091028, 2010)
Start date: 2011-03-01
End date: 2016-02-29
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1427000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1427000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This research is aimed at developing new architectures at the molecular, nanometric, and macroscopic scales for the design and study of light induced charge transport using synthetic systems. The strategic objective is to establish a comprehensive approach for constructing nanometric scale hybrid structures that will enable us to tune the required physical, chemical, and electrical properties across scales required for efficient harvesting of light energy in a rigorous manner for enhancing our capabilities and basic understanding of light harvesting processes. We will form nanometric architectures featuring molecular diversity and functionality with nanometric gaps coupled to scaffolds capable of electrical transport. The nanometric architectures will be formed via simple yet powerful methods relying on sophisticated use of nanostructure surface chemistry and material properties while minimizing the application of top-down fabrication methods and will be studied at the single building block level as well as at array level. Meticulous study of the light induced charge separation and transport at the nanometric scale using single nanostructure building blocks as well as the collective dynamics of large scale arrays will be addressed with an emphasis on understanding charge dynamics at interfaces. The research activity will utilize unique nanostructure assembly methods and post-growth manipulation of the chemical composition developed during my research. Achieving our fundamental goals is expected to lead to new insights and capabilities relating to the harvesting of light energy and converting it to electrical energy and to significantly advance our ability to utilize light energy for photocatalysis.

Keywords: light harvesting,photovoltaics,charge separation,renewable energy
ASSET: Analysing and Striking the Sensitivities of Embryonal Tumours (ASSET)

Framework: FP7 — Cooperation
Programme: Health
Destination: Translating research for human health
Action type: Collaborative project
Countries involved: Ireland,Austria,France,Germany,Finland,Germany,Belgium,United Kingdom,Switzerland,Israel,Denmark,Spain,Germany,United Kingdom,Germany,Germany
Call:  (FP7-HEALTH-2010-two-stage, 2010)
Start date: 2010-11-01
End date: 2016-04-30
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 16155200.95
EU funding (EUR): 11999156.2
Participants: 19
Project status: CLOSED

Cancer is hallmarked by multiple genetic aberrations that lead to a functional derangement of cellular signalling networks. Embryonal tumours (ETs) comprising neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma and Ewing sarcoma, occur early in life, and thus may reveal pathogenetically relevant lesions clearer than adulthood tumours which carry passenger mutations accumulated during life. ASSET will exploit this fact by focussing on unravelling the signalling networks and their alterations in ETs. The basic hypothesis is that ETs share common pathogenetic principles that can be captured and made accessible to rational analysis by combining high-throughput and high content analysis of the genome, transcriptome and proteome with mathematical modelling. ASSET builds on a previous FP6 consortium, the European Embryonal Tumour Pipeline (EEPT), which generated high-throughput genomic and transcriptomic data on ETs. ASSET is the next logical step to add crucial functional information that will allow us to generate (i) defined in vitro and in vivo tumour systems; (ii) combined analysis of genomic mutations, transcriptome, miRNA expression and dynamic proteome changes; (iii) systematic perturbations; (iv) mathematical modelling to elucidate pathogenetic networks and their emergent behaviour; (v) the virtuous cycle of model validation in relevant biological model systems and clinical samples towards a major goal. This goal is to identify mechanistically understood network vulnerabilities that can be exploited for new approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of major paediatric tumours. Elucidating such core mechanisms will (i) improve understanding of and therapeutic options for these devastating childhood malignancies and (ii) enable a rational approach to deal with the complexity of the pathogenesis of adulthood cancers.

Keywords: embryonal tumours,modelling,transcriptomics,proteomics,high content perturbation studies
Stretchable Electronic Skins (ESKIN)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Systems and communication engineering
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call:  (ERC-2010-StG_20091028, 2010)
Start date: 2011-03-01
End date: 2016-02-29
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1499737.6
EU funding (EUR): 1499737.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Future electronic systems will be soft and elastic. I propose to explore the materials, technology and integration of stretchable electronic systems, which will transform at will, evenly coat a spherical lens, or smoothly interface with a delicate biological organ. Electronics will be anywhere as well as everywhere. The proposed programme has the potential to emulate yet another revolution in the microelectronics industry and trigger transformations in the biomedical sector. The ESKIN programme is an ambitious and highly interdisciplinary endeavour requiring expertise at the frontier of engineering, material sciences, biotechnology and neuroscience. Stretchability in an electronic system is its ability to negotiate mechanical deformations without letting them interfere with its electrical functionality. This is a novel and challenging demand on electronic device technology, which has, to date, mainly pushed for smaller scale fabrication and increased performance. Furthermore the natural compliance of biological tissues and cells calls for softer electronic biomedical interfaces. Overcoming the hard to soft mechanical mismatch will, without doubt, open up new horizons in biomedical research and its related industries. The manufacture of stretchable electronic skins will then require working out the underlying science and technology for active device materials on soft, elastic substrates. This capability will further be implemented to demonstrate various soft and elastic electronic systems ranging from stretchable displays to long-term neural implants. My philosophy is to exploit as much as possible current micro/nanofabrication techniques available for hard surfaces but to tailor them to soft surfaces , optimizing and improving them where needed, in order to ensure rapid transition to worldwide distributed consumer and healthcare products.

Keywords: stretchable,strain,elastomer,electrodes,neural interfaces,transistors,sensors,thin film
Ar/Ar and K/Ar geochronology by stepwise dissolution (KARSD)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Earth system science
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2010-StG_20091028, 2010)
Start date: 2011-07-01
End date: 2016-10-31
Duration (months): 64.0
Total project cost (EUR): 580922.0
EU funding (EUR): 580922.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

Isotopic closure is typically considered to be governed by temperature controlled volume diffusion. However, theoretical considerations as well as experimental evidence suggest that fluid-induced metamorphic recrystallisation may be orders of magnitude more important than thermal diffusion in many if not most field settings. This simple concept may explain the irregular release spectra observed in many stepwise heating experiments. The proposed research will develop a radically new approach to argon geochronology, inspired by a technological breakthrough which occurred in U-Pb geochronology in the mid-1990s. At that time, it was found that the discordance of zircons suffering from common Pb or apparent Pb-loss is greatly reduced by stepwise dissolution in hydrofluoric acid. Acid etching may be equally effective at removing compositionally distinct zones in other minerals as well. In fact, several workers successfully removed excess argon from plagioclase and K-feldspar by partially dissolving them in acid during the 1980s. The proposed research will revisit and extend these earlier experiments. The idea is to subject several aliquots of a well-characterised mineral separate to different degrees of dissolution. Plotting the 40Ar/39Ar ages of these aliquots against their respective degrees of dissolution will yield an age spectrum just like those obtained by stepwise heating experiments. Alternatively, by measuring the Ar content in absolute abundance units and determining the K-content of the acid, an age spectrum can be obtained without the need for neutron irradiation. Thus, the stepwise dissolution technique has the potential to revive conventional K-Ar geochronology and solve the problems of excess argon and non-Arrhenian diffusion behaviour that have plagued the 40Ar/39Ar community for decades.

Keywords: geochronology,thermochronology,dissolution,k-feldspar,diffusion,crystallisation
Exact Mining from In-Exact Data (MININEXACT)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Computer science and informatics
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call:  (ERC-2010-StG_20091028, 2010)
Start date: 2011-04-01
End date: 2016-03-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1499998.8
EU funding (EUR): 1499998.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Data exchange and data publishing is an inherent component of our interconnected world. Industrial companies outsource datasets to marketing and mining firms in order to support business intelligence; medical institutions exchange collected clinical experiments; academic institutions create repositories and share datasets for promoting research collaboration. A common denominator in any data exchange is the 'transformation' of the original data, which usually results in 'distortion' of data. While accurate and useful information can be potentially distilled from the original data, operations such as anonymization, rights protection and compression result in modified datasets that very seldom retain the mining capacity of its original source. This proposal seeks to address questions such as the following: - How can we lossy compress datasets and still guarantee that mining operations are not distorted? - Is it possible to right protect datasets and provide assurances that this task shall not impair our ability to distill useful knowledge? - To what extent can we resolve data anonymization issues and yet retain the mining capacity of the original dataset? We will examine a fundamental and hard problem in the area of knowledge discovery, which is the delicate balance between data transformation and data utility under mining operations. The problem lies at the confluence of many areas, such as machine and statistical learning, information theory, data representation and optimization. We will focus on studying data transformation methods (compression, anonymization, right protection) that guarantee the preservation of the salient dataset characteristics, such that data mining operations on original and transformed dataset are retained as well as possible. We will investigate how graph-centric approaches, clustering, classification and visualization algorithms can be ported to work under the proposed mining-preservation paradigm. Additional research challenges i

Keywords: data mining,mining preservation
Finite-Length Information Theory (FLINT)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Systems and communication engineering
Countries involved: Spain,United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2010-StG_20091028, 2010)
Start date: 2011-08-01
End date: 2017-07-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1303606.0
EU funding (EUR): 1303606.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

Shannon's Information Theory establishes the fundamental limits of information processing systems. A concept that is hidden in the mathematical proofs most of the Information Theory literature, is that in order to achieve the fundamental limits we need sequences of infinite duration. Practical information processing systems have strict limitations in terms of length, induced by system constraints on delay and complexity. The vast majority of the Information Theory literature ignores these constraints and theoretical studies that provide a finite-length treatment of information processing are hence urgently needed. When finite-lengths are employed, asymptotic techniques (laws of large numbers, large deviations) cannot be invoked and new techniques must be sought. A fundamental understanding of the impact of finite-lengths is crucial to harvesting the potential gains in practice. This project is aimed at contributing towards the ambitious goal of providing a unified framework for the study of finite-length Information Theory. The approach in this project will be based on information-spectrum combined with tight bounding techniques. A comprehensive study of finite-length information theory will represent a major step forward in Information Theory, with the potential to provide new tools and techniques to solve open problems in multiple disciplines. This unconventional and challenging treatment of Information Theory will advance the area and will contribute to disciplines where Information Theory is relevant. Therefore, the results of this project will be of benefit to areas such as communication theory, probability theory, statistics, physics, computer science, mathematics, economics, bioinformatics and computational neuroscience.

Keywords: information theory,communication theory,channel coding,source coding,rate distortion