Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by rock-derived organic carbon oxidation (ROC-CO2)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Earth system science
Panel description: Physical geography, geology, geophysics, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, climatology, cryology, ecology, global environmental change, biogeochemical cycles, natural resources management
Countries involved: United Kingdom,United Kingdom
Call: ERC Starting Grant (ERC-2015-STG, 2015)
Start date: 2016-03-01
End date: 2022-05-31
Duration (months): 75.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1499696.0
EU funding (EUR): 221303.96
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

The global carbon cycle controls Earth’s climate by the emission and drawdown of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. One of the major sources of CO2 is thought to be the oxidation of organic carbon contained in rocks during chemical weathering. Since the industrial revolution, this flux has been accelerated by burning fossil fuels. However, the natural rates of CO2 emission by rock-derived organic carbon oxidation are very poorly constrained – the only major CO2 source that has not been properly quantified – and the dominant controls on this flux remain unclear. The CO2 release is likely to be ~100 TgC/yr, similar to degassing from volcanoes. Without knowing the rate of CO2 emission and the controls on this flux, it is not possible to fully understand the evolution of atmospheric CO2 and global climate over geological timescales, nor to project future changes over hundreds to thousands of years. To address this deficit and quantify a major geological CO2 source, the proposal will: 1) Assess which factors govern rock-derived organic carbon oxidation. 2) Determine how environmental changes impact oxidation rates and CO2 release. 3) Quantify the global CO2 emissions by rock-derived organic carbon oxidation during chemical weathering, and assess how they may have varied both over Earth history and via anthropogenic change. By quantifying a major CO2 emission for the first time, this project will provide a step change in our understanding of the geological, as opposed to the anthropogenically-modified, carbon cycle. Measurement of rock-derived organic carbon oxidation will require a new approach, harnessing state-of-the-art geochemical proxies carried by rivers (rhenium). Data from river catchments spanning large gradients in the likely environmental controls (erosion, temperature), will elucidate the main factors governing this process, and enable construction of a data-driven numerical model to provide the first quantification of CO2 emissions by this process.

Keywords: carbon cycle,chemical weathering,physical erosion,trace elements,rhenium,rivers
Electrochemically induced Asymmetry: from materials to molecules and back (ELECTRA)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Physical and analytical chemical sciences
Panel description: Analytical chemistry, chemical theory, physical chemistry/chemical physics
Countries involved: France
Call: ERC Advanced Grant (ERC-2016-ADG, 2016)
Start date: 2017-09-01
End date: 2023-02-28
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2415848.75
EU funding (EUR): 2415848.75
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

Asymmetry is a very common feature of many systems, objects and molecules, that we use in our daily life. Actually, it is in a majority of cases the absolutely crucial ingredient for conferring a useful property to a system, a prominent example being the chiral nature of pharmaceutically active compounds. Chemists have developed various approaches to generate asymmetry, from the molecular to the macroscopic scale, but are still facing major challenges when exploring efficient alternative physico-chemical concepts for symmetry breaking. The global aim of ELECTRA is to propose so far unexplored and versatile strategies, based on the unconventional use of electrochemical phenomena, to generate asymmetry in chemical systems at different length scales. Investigating simultaneously wired and wireless electrochemistry will open up unique possibilities for advancing the topic of asymmetry generation in an original and cross-disciplinary way. We will determine the utility of these strategies in the frame of two major challenges that are: -unconventional detection, separation and synthesis of enantiomers, based on chiral encoded metal phases, very recently pioneered by us; -design and characterization of Janus systems with complex structures and reactivity Carefully designed experiments at the forefront of electrochemical science will first enable us to gain a better understanding of the different mechanisms involved in symmetry breaking. An optimization by exploring new concepts with respect to their efficiency, yield and selectivity is the next step. This will prepare for the choice of the most innovative approaches of symmetry breaking, in view of the numerous highly relevant applications, ranging from analysis to catalysis and energy conversion. Furthermore, due to the interdisciplinary character of asymmetry, the findings of this project will not only have a major impact in various areas of chemistry, but will also be very interesting for physics and biology.

Keywords: electrodeposition,electroanalysis,electrosynthesis,chirality,asymmetry,janus particles
Building Acceptance and Trust in Autonomous Mobility (Trustonomy)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Societal Challenges
Programme: Smart, green and integrated transport
Action type: Research and Innovation actions
Countries involved: Italy,Italy,Spain,Italy,Italy,Cyprus,Finland,Greece,Greece,Poland,Poland,Poland,France,United Kingdom,Luxembourg
Call: Driver behaviour and acceptance of connected, cooperative and automated transport (H2020-MG-2018-TwoStages, 2018)
Start date: 2019-05-01
End date: 2022-07-31
Duration (months): 39.0
Total project cost (EUR): 3920000.0
EU funding (EUR): 3920000.0
Participants: 18
Project status: CLOSED

Despite technological breakthroughs in connected and automated transport, the total transformation of existing transportation into a fully autonomous system is still decades away. In the meantime, mixed traffic environments with semi-autonomous vehicles proactively passing the dynamic driving task back to the human driver, whenever system limits are approached, is expected to become the norm. Such a Request to Intervene (RtI) can only be successful and met with trust by end-users if the driver state is continuously monitored and his/her availability properly evaluated and sufficiently triggered (through tailored human-machine interfaces - HMIs). In parallel, driver training has to evolve to account for the safe and sensible usage of semi-automated driving, whereas driver intervention performance has to be made an integral part of both driver and technology assessment. Besides, the ethical implications of automated decision-making need to be properly assessed, giving rise to novel risk and liability analysis models. The vision of Trustonomy (a neologism from the combination of trust + autonomy) is to maximise the safety, trust and acceptance of automated vehicles by helping to address the aforementioned technical and non-technical challenges through a well-integrated and inter-disciplinary approach, bringing domain experts and ordinary citizens to work closely together. Trustonomy will investigate, setup, test and comparatively assess, in terms of performance, ethics, acceptability and trust, different relevant technologies and approaches, including driver state monitoring systems, HMI designs, risk models, and driver training methods. This will be done through both simulator and field based studies, in a variety of autonomous driving and RtI scenarios, covering different types of users (in terms of age, gender, driving experience, etc.), road transport modes (private cars, trucks, buses), levels of automation (L3 - L5) and driving conditions.

Keywords: trust,automated driving systems ads,driver state monitoring dsm,risk assessment,trajectory planning,driver training curricula
The Cybersecurity Behavioural Toolkit (CLTRe)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Industrial Leadership
Programme: Information and Communication Technologies
Action type: SME instrument
Countries involved: Norway
Call: Open Disruptive Innovation Scheme (H2020-SMEINST-1-2016-2017, 2017)
Start date: 2017-06-01
End date: 2017-11-30
Duration (months): 6.0
Total project cost (EUR): 71429.0
EU funding (EUR): 50000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Organizations worldwide struggle to measure and document the security behaviours of their employees, effectively making it impossible to know the impact of their security awareness training programs. Human error is the main source of cybersecurity incidents, and a reduction by only a few percents could translate into millions of Euros every year. Current suppliers of Security Awareness Computer Based Training (CBT) provide training content, without being able to demonstrate end user behavioural change, only measuring training attendance or specific behaviours (pshishing assessments) that do not describe the complete use behaviours. In contrast with existing solutions, the CLTRe Toolkit is assessing the actual ideas, habits and behaviours of the employees in order to measure and improve the security culture of an organisation. The solution stores behavioural assessments over time to provide the organization with trend analysis in order to understand behavioural change over time. CLTRe offers the first the application of social sciences to measure and improve the security culture of an organization, based on a robust framework and a comprehensive toolkit. The CLTRe approach addresses the €2.6B security computer-based training and can help reduce the 121M data breaches recorded in 2015. The CTLRe toolkit leverages the existing footprint of the Security Culture Framework (a free tool developed by CTLRe and already used by 20,000 users). The phase 1 project will validate the technical and commercial feasibility of a cybersecurity behavioural toolkit offered as Software as a Service. The project will confirm the market interest (competitive analysis, willingness to pay) and recruit corporate organizations willing to trial the prototype.

Keywords: cybersecurity,culture,behaviour,social sciences
A NEW VERIFICATION SYSTEM FOR COMPLEX RADIOTHERAPY TREATMENTS (KERMA)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Industrial Leadership
Programme: Innovation in SMEs
Action type: SME instrument
Countries involved: Spain
Call: SME instrument (H2020-SMEInst-2018-2020-1, 2018)
Start date: 2018-09-01
End date: 2018-12-31
Duration (months): 4.0
Total project cost (EUR): 71429.0
EU funding (EUR): 50000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Cancer is the second most frequent cause of death in developed countries. At present, although surgery is the most effective way to remove the malignant tissue, when it is combined with radiation therapy improves the cure rate by 40% approximately. All radiotherapy involves risk because even a small error in treatment planning, delivery, or dosimetry can lead to negative consequences. This is because the human body is a complex organism and tumours are often located in close proximity to sensitive normal tissues and critical organs. Therefore, proper dosimetry verification and treatment planning systems are crucial to ensure safety and quality in the radiotherapy treatments. Our KERMA project is a new dose verification system for radiotherapy treatments, based on a disruptive technology with the aim to obtain three-dimensional dose maps, reducing errors in patient’s treatments, helping decision-making of physicians and thus, performing the verification of treatment more safely and quickly. A first prototype has been developed based on a novel dual single sided silicon strip detector chip capable of measuring the doses in axial plane with high spatial resolution and in real time. For this prototype a new software instrument has been established which not only manages the data acquisition and storage but also automates the entire process. This new technology allows integrating in the same environment all tasks involved in a radiotherapy treatment, providing a double check in the verification plan, reducing errors and avoiding the idle time between each step of the process, while improving the performance of every task.

Keywords: radiotherapy,dose delivery,verification system,linear accelerator
Random matrices beyond Wigner-Dyson-Mehta (RMTBEYOND)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Mathematics
Panel description: All areas of mathematics, pure and applied, plus mathematical foundations of computer science, mathematical physics and statistics
Countries involved: Austria
Call: ERC ADVANCED GRANT (ERC-2020-ADG, 2020)
Start date: 2021-10-01
End date: 2026-09-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1912439.0
EU funding (EUR): 1912439.0
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

Random matrix theory (RMT) was created in the 1950's by the pioneering idea of E. Wigner predicting that the distribution of the gaps between energy levels of complex quantum systems is universal in the sense that it is independent of the physical details of the model apart from its basic symmetry type. He proposed to study eigenvalues of large matrices with random entries as the fundamental model for his new universal statistics, later coined Wigner-Dyson-Mehta (WDM) universality. Mathematical research in RMT has largely been inspired by the WDM universality, specifically for Hermitian matrices in the mean-field regime. In physics, however, Wigner's vision has always been viewed from a higher perspective: random matrices are routinely used to model complex Hamilton operators for various observables on all scales. This project explores how this broader physics interpretation of RMT can be rigorously justified. We focus on three new directions. First, we study Hermitian models beyond the conventional universality problem for eigenvalues and, among others, establish that Gaussian fluctuations prevail for most other physically relevant quantities such as multi-point Green functions or generic observables. In turn, these results help establish WDM universality for new ensembles that have previously not been accessible. Second, we develop the universality theory of non-Hermitian random matrices on all scales, leading to Gaussian Free Field on mesoscopic scales, and universality on microscopic scales. Third, we apply rigorous RMT to several key problems in disordered quantum systems, such as scattering theory in quantum dots and wires, fluctuation of density of states detecting the Anderson metal-insulator transition and the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model of fermions with random interactions. The main impact of the project will be to establish the ubiquity of Gaussianity and to develop new mathematical tools to apply RMT to realistic physical models beyond WDM universality.

Keywords: random matrices,gaussian free field,random schrodinger operators,anderson phase transition,feynman diagrams
Intelligent Multi-modal Transfer Flow Management system (iMTFM)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Proof of concept grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Panel description: Political science, international relations, law
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call: ERC Proof of Concept Grant (ERC-2019-PoC, 2019)
Start date: 2020-08-01
End date: 2022-01-31
Duration (months): 18.0
Total project cost (EUR): 150000.0
EU funding (EUR): 150000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

In sustainable transport systems, the role of multi-modal trips is increasingly important. Access, egress, and transferring within or between modes is an important source of trip disutility. The transfer experience needs to be substantially improved for multi-modal trips to be able to compete with car travel. This proposal focusses on making transfers at multi-modal transfer hubs as efficient, reliable and safe for the traveller as possible within existing transfer hubs using advanced sensing and actuation technology, state-of-the-art control strategies and our knowledge of passenger behaviour. We valorise technical and scientific results of the ALLEGRO project and apply it to design and test a pedestrian traffic management system for multi-modal transfer hubs. At the basis of the system is a state-of-the-art real-time monitoring system, that will collect and combine data from different types of sensors to estimate, predict and diagnose the flows inside the hub. The state-of-the-art sensors provide data with different semantic properties, ensuring that a comprehensive estimate of the current situation can be provided. One of the unique elements is the integration of sentiment information, stemming from social data analytics developed in ALLEGRO. Using a multi-faceted diagnoses system allows identification of problems in terms of traveller comfort, efficiency, and safety. The models developed in ALLEGRO are used to provide short-term predictions based on real-time sensor data, which prevents myopic decision making based on the current situation in the transfer hub only. Off-line pilots have shown the feasibility of using predictive approaches to provide decision-makers with advice on which actions to take. We will further develop and validate these approaches by testing them in an integrated environment. The system will be at (at least) one hub that already has been outfitted with a large sensor base as part of the SMART Station program.

Keywords: crowd management,passenger flows,tranfsers,stations
A novel immunity-based test for early diagnosis of Lyme disease (ID-Lyme)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Societal Challenges
Action type: Innovation actions
Countries involved: Austria,Germany,Netherlands,Netherlands,Netherlands
Call: Fast Track to Innovation Pilot (H2020-FTIPilot-2015-1, 2015)
Start date: 2016-07-01
End date: 2020-12-31
Duration (months): 54.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2609503.75
EU funding (EUR): 1913690.13
Participants: 5
Project status: CLOSED

The main objective of this ID-Lyme project was to push to the market a novel test, the Ixodes kit, for the early detection of Lyme Borreliosis (LB), also known as Lyme disease. LB can usually be treated using cost-effective antibiotics at an early stage of disease. Unfortunately, standard laboratory testing is often unable to give a clear diagnosis whether a patient is infected or not. This can result in the true infection remaining untreated. This is a significant healthcare concern because of the disabling effects and the much costlier and more challenging treatment of progressive disease. This project was to deliver to the market the first point-of-care diagnostic test that can identify LB infections in the early stage prior to the onset of symptoms thereby improving LB management and patient health outcomes as well as reducing LB-related healthcare costs. When successful, the project would have significant impact on EU healthcare and society, as currently over 2.6 million tests are performed in the EU each year on people suspected of LB infection. With support of the Fast Track to Innovation program by Horizon2020, a dedicated consortium of in vitro diagnostic assay developers (Innatoss Laboratories), production specialists (NPK, Diarect) and clinical experts (Medical University of Vienna) will finalize the kit design, upscale production, and test the product under real-life conditions to prepare the kit for EU-wide market introduction and implementation. The Ixodes kit will result in: 1. early and effective treatment of patients; 2. quality of life of patients; and 3. large direct and indirect cost reductions on a EU-wide level. Unfortunately, the discriminatory power of the Ixodes test was insufficient to progress to the intended performance study. Instead, the WOLF device that has been developed as part of the Ixodes kit will aim for development of kit components as stand-alone diagnostic tools that will have broad application for whole blood tests.

Keywords: lyme borreliosis,in vitro diagnostic
Southern Ocean Nanoplankton Response to CO2 (SONAR-CO2)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Environment and Geosciences
Countries involved: Spain
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2016, 2016)
Start date: 2018-02-01
End date: 2020-03-02
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 158121.6
EU funding (EUR): 158121.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The impact of anthropogenic ocean acidification on calcifying organisms is expected to be imminent, particularly in high latitude ecosystems. Coccolithophores are the most abundant calcareous phytoplankton in the ocean and play a key role in the global climate by contributing to the oceanic pumps of organic matter and carbonate. Many laboratory experiments suggest that the increasing CO2 levels in the ocean will produce a transition in dominance from more to less heavily calcified coccolithophores. However, this point remains controversial. The Southern Ocean, contains about 40% of the global inventory of anthropogenic atmospheric CO2 with much of the drawdown occurring in the Sub-Antarctic Zone or SAZ. This large inventory of anthropogenic CO2 together with the relatively small changes in other chemical and physical variables in the surface layer of the SAZ makes this region an ideal setting to examine the response of marine calcifying plankton to increasing anthropogenic CO2 levels in their natural habitat. Indeed, there is evidence that the ongoing ocean acidification in the SAZ is already affecting the calcification of key calcifying plankton such as planktonic foraminifera. Coccolithophores are thought to be the main contributors of the elevated Particulate Inorganic Carbon (PIC) concentrations in the waters of the Subtropical, Subantarctic and Polar Fronts. However, despite the importance of coccolithophores in the subantarctic ecosystems, their composition, abundance, seasonality and calcification response to increasing CO2 levels are poorly characterized. In the proposed Marie Curie project, we will combine the analysis of the coccolithophore assemblages collected by an automatic surface layer sampler, sediment traps and sediment samples from two sectors of the Subantarctic Zone. The water and sediment trap samples represent the late industrial era, while surface sediment and sediment core samples are used as a pre-industrial baseline.

Keywords: ocean acidification,coccolithophores,southern ocean,subantarctic zone,biomarkers