Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
4 pi sky: Extreme Astrophysics with Revolutionary Radio Telescopes (4PI-SKY)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Universe sciences
Countries involved: United Kingdom,United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2010-AdG_20100224, 2010)
Start date: 2011-07-01
End date: 2017-06-30
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2999846.89
EU funding (EUR): 2999846.89
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

Extreme astrophysical events such as relativistic flows, cataclysmic explosions and black hole accretion are one of the key areas for astrophysics in the 21st century. The extremes of physics experienced in these environments are beyond anything achievable in any laboratory on Earth, and provide a unique glimpse at the laws of physics operating in extraordinary regimes. All of these events are associated with transient radio emission, a tracer both of the acceleration of particles to relativistic energies, and coherent emitting regions with huge effective temperatures. By studying radio bursts from these phenomena we can pinpoint the sources of explosive events, understand the budget of kinetic feedback by explosive events in the ambient medium, and probe the physical state of the universe back to the epoch of reionisation, less than a billion years after the big bang. In seeking to push back the frontiers of extreme astrophysics, I will use a trio of revolutionary new radio telescopes, LOFAR, ASKAP and MeerKAT, pathfinders for the Square Kilometre Array, and all facilities in which I have a major role in the search for transients. I will build an infrastructure which transforms their combined operations for the discovery, classification and reporting of transient astrophysical events, over the whole sky, making them much more than the sum of their parts. This will include development of environments for the coordinated handling of extreme astrophysical events, in real time, via automated systems, as well as novel techniques for the detection of these events in a sea of noise. I will furthermore augment this program by buying in as a major partner to a rapid-response robotic optical telescope, and by cementing my relationship with an orbiting X-ray facility. This multiwavelength dimension will secure the astrophysical interpretation of our observational results and help to revolutionise high-energy astrophysics via a strong scientific exploitation program.

Keywords: radio transients
Inverse Problems (INVPROB)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Mathematical foundations
Countries involved: Estonia,Finland
Call:  (ERC-2010-AdG_20100224, 2010)
Start date: 2011-03-01
End date: 2016-02-29
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1800000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1800000.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

Inverse problems constitute an interdisciplinary field of science concentrating on the mathematical theory and practical interpretation of indirect measurements. Their applications include medical imaging, atmospheric remote sensing, industrial process monitoring, and astronomical imaging. The common feature is extreme sensitivity to measurement noise. Computerized tomography, MRI, and exploration of the interior of earth by using earthquake data are typical inverse problems where mathematics has played an important role. By using the methods of inverse problems it is possible to bring modern mathematics to a vast number of applied fields. Genuine scientific innovations that are found in mathematical research, say in geometry, stochastics, or analysis, can be brought to real life applications through modelling. The solutions are often found by combining recent theoretical and computational advances. The study of inverse problems is one of the most active and fastest growing areas of modern applied mathematics, and the most interdisciplinary field of mathematics or even science in general. The exciting but high risk problems in the research plan of the PI include mathematics of invisibility cloaking, invisible patterns, practical algorithms for imaging, and random quantum systems. Progress in these problems could have a considerable impact in applications such as construction of metamaterials for invisible optic fibre cables, scopes for MRI devices, and early screening for breast cancer. The progress here necessitates international collaboration. This will be realized in upcoming programs on inverse problems. The PI is involved in organizing semester programs in inverse problems at MSRI in 2010, Isaac Newton Institute in 2011, and Mittag-Leffler -institute in 2012.
Foundations for Software Evolution (LUCRETIUS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Computer science and informatics
Countries involved: Italy
Call:  (ERC-2010-AdG_20100224, 2010)
Start date: 2011-04-01
End date: 2016-03-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2462095.0
EU funding (EUR): 2462095.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Software evolution refers to changes made to a software system after its deployment. These changes may be caused by changing requirements, domain assumptions, or computing infrastructure, and may affect the system’s implementation, architecture and/or requirements. Evolution may be automatic (aka self-adaptation), or manual, or something in-between. This project aims to develop principles that underlie, and concepts, tools and techniques that support evolution. The project will focus on software-intensive systems. Such systems consist of software, human and organizational elements that work together to fulfill organizational and human objectives. Our proposed research is founded on ideas and research results from Requirements Engineering (RE). Evolution is to be supported by design-time models that are made available at run-time. These models capture system requirements and domain assumptions, augmented with design and implementation details. When evolution is automatic, supported by monitor-diagnose-compensate-execute feedback loops, these models determine (i) what is to be monitored, (ii) whether the system is operating according to its intended purpose, (iii) what are possible compensations for deviations from intended behaviour, (iv) how to evolve the system. When evolution is manual, these models support evolution activities, carried out by humans, by offering a comprehensive picture of the requirements and assumptions under which the system operates, along with traceability links between elements of these models and code. This means that design-time models need to capture stakeholder intentions and commitments, social interactions, business processes, and organizational goals that ultimately determine system requirements. Expected results from the project include the development of novel concepts, tools and techniques for designing evolution-enabled software-intensive systems.

Keywords: requirements engineering,adaptive software systems
Development of plasmonic quorum sensors for understanding bacterial-eukaryotic cell relations (PLASMAQUO)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Materials and Synthesis
Countries involved: Spain,Spain
Call:  (ERC-2010-AdG_20100224, 2010)
Start date: 2011-03-01
End date: 2017-02-28
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2247629.91
EU funding (EUR): 2247629.91
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

This proposal aims at the development of novel nanostructured materials based on crystalline assemblies of anisotropic plasmonic (gold/silver) nanoparticles, to be used for the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection of quorum sensing (QS) signaling molecules, and to the demonstration of applications of such materials to monitor population kinetics in bacterial colonies and the determination of the interaction mechanisms between mixed colonies and their manipulation through external parameters. This will involve a first stage related to the careful design of the most appropriate nanoparticle morphology and composition, as well as an understanding of their specific assembly processes (both on substrates and in solution), so that the collective plasmonic response will be optimized towards the enhancement of the Raman signal of the probe molecular codes. Coating of the nanoparticle supercrystals with a mesoporous layer will be required to protect them against contact with bacteria and cells, while permitting contact with the QS signaling molecules. Ultimately, when the sensing system has been optimized and its performance demonstrated for monitoring of QS signals and colony growth, two final and important goals will be pursued. First, the interaction between mixed colonies (bacteria-bacteria and bacteria-eukaryotic cell) will be monitored in order to get information about synergic or antagonist (toxicity) QS mechanisms during the growth and proliferation of different bacteria and interspecies. This goal will permit the design of in vitro experiments where a bacterial strain may be manipulated by means of external introduction of the appropriate QS signaling molecules. Finally, the major challenge will be the practical demonstration of the ability of these new materials in this particular configuration for understanding and manipulating the growth and communication of different types of prokaryotic and peukaryotic cells.

Keywords: plasmonics,gold nanoparticles,sers
Optimization and inference algorithms from the theory of disordered systems: theoretical challenges and applications to large-scale inverse problems in systems biology (OPTINF)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: ERC Advanced Grant Interdisciplinary Panel
Countries involved: Italy
Call:  (ERC-2010-AdG_20100224, 2010)
Start date: 2011-07-01
End date: 2016-06-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1260104.92
EU funding (EUR): 1260104.92
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The project is focused on two objectives: the study of optimization and inference algorithms based on advanced statistical physics methods for disordered systems, and their application to large-scale inverse problems in computational systems biology. In last years, fundamentally new approaches to large-scale optimization and inference problems have emerged at the interface between Statistical Mechanics and Computer Science. Partly this was made possible by extending ideas from the statistical physics of disordered systems to applications in computer science. Indeed, the application of methods originally developed for the analysis of spin glasses to hard optimization problems led to the definition of message passing algorithms (MPAs), a new class of algorithms that on many difficult problems showed performance definitely superior to Monte Carlo schemes. The field presents many conceptual open problems and applications of great potential impact. MPAs are intrinsically parallel and can be used to tackle optimization problems over large networks of constraints. Their probabilistic foundations are still largely unexplored and thus their study can contribute greatly to computational statistical physics. At the same time, these new techniques are becoming key tools in fields such as computational systems biology, where the exponential increase of molecular data is posing new computational challenges in the study of biological systems composed by many interacting molecular components. It is a fact that the advances in sequencing and other high throughput technologies deeply transformed the world of biological research over the last 10-15 years. This project aims at bringing the MPAs techniques to the full benefit of biological research.

Keywords: disordered systems,cavity method,large-scale optimization,statistical inference
New Directions Linking Ocean Geochemistry, Biomineralization and Palaeoclimate (NEWLOG)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Earth system science
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2010-AdG_20100224, 2010)
Start date: 2011-03-01
End date: 2016-02-29
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2581642.81
EU funding (EUR): 2581642.81
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This proposal bridges three fields, geochemical oceanography, biomineralization and palaeoclimatology. The link that will be advanced is the oceanic carbon system now and in the past and its relationship to climate change. The major focus will go into marine calcification, the building block of the skeletons and shells for a large number of marine organisms. This is a key research area because: (i) storage of carbon in oceanic deposits of calcium carbonate plays an important but poorly understood role in controlling atmospheric CO2; (ii) trace element and isotopic compositions of marine calcifying organisms have been used for reconstructing environmental parameters to understand past changes in climate; (iii) increasing ocean acidification will lead to reduced calcification of modern ecosystems as well as enhanced dissolution of carbonate sediments that will play an increasingly important role in the future chemistry of the ocean and its ability to take up atmospheric CO2. Work on biomineralization and biomineralogy of marine calcifiers is expanding rapidly but is almost completely divorced from work on their use in palaeoceanography. Bringing these two aspects together has enormous potential and is a key goal of this proposal. There are a large number of opportunities given recent breakthroughs in understanding, within this proposal and in the future. The most important are to (i) understand incorporation of proxies into foraminifera; (ii) produce accurate estimates of pH and CO2 over earth history on tectonic, orbital and rapid time scales; (iii) explain how changes in deep-sea storage of calcium carbonate affects atmospheric CO2; and (iv) develop research on evolution of ocean chemistry concurrent with biotic innovations.

Keywords: biomineralization
RIGOROUS THEORY OF PREPROCESSING (PREPROCESSING)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Computer science and informatics
Countries involved: Norway
Call:  (ERC-2010-AdG_20100224, 2010)
Start date: 2011-04-01
End date: 2016-03-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2227051.0
EU funding (EUR): 2227051.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The main research goal of this project is the quest for rigorous mathematical theory explaining the power and failure of heuristics. The incapability of current computational models to explain the success of heuristic algorithms in practical computing is the subject of wide discussion for more than four decades. Within this project we expect a significant breakthrough in the study of a large family of heuristics: Preprocessing (data reduction or kernelization). Preprocessing is a reduction of the problem to a simpler one and this is the type of algorithms used in almost every application. As key to novel and groundbreaking results, the proposed project aims to develop new theory of polynomial time compressibility. Understanding the origin of compressibility will serve to build more powerful heuristic algorithms, as well as to explain the behaviour of preprocessing. The ubiquity of preprocessing makes the theory of compressibility extremely important. The new theory will be able to transfer the ideas of efficient computation beyond the established borders.

Keywords: design and analysis of algorithms,parameterized complexity,kernels,data reduction,preprocessing
Science-based Paradigm Shift for Metalworking Fluids - the Art of Cooling (COOLART)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Products and process engineering
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (ERC-2010-AdG_20100224, 2010)
Start date: 2011-05-01
End date: 2016-04-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2274600.0
EU funding (EUR): 2274600.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The overall goal of the project is to elaborate the scientific foundations for possible future innovations in the application of metalworking fluids (MWFs). For most mechanical machining processes such as turning, milling, drilling, and grinding the use of MWFs is indispensable as they perform several essential functions in material removal processes, such as cooling of workpiece and tool, reduction of heat generation by lubrication, removal of chips and promotion of chemical reactions with the surface. In the past decades the scientific understanding of MWF effectiveness could not keep up with the rapid developments in the industrial application of MWFs. As a consequence of this lack of knowledge, today’s MWFs consist of up to 60 chemical components with partly harmful properties and thus hazardous potential for the operator and the environment. Hence, this project will aim towards scientific based innovations and suggests a four-mission approach for stimulating a paradigm shift in MWF features and application. Research will include: a) fundamental research on physical, chemical, and microbial working mechanisms, which allows MWF components e.g., with controlled chemical activity, b) new MWF design e.g., the development of MWFs which consist of lubricating bacteria replacing today’s paradigms such as the usage of additives and oil in water emulsions, c) simplified MWF maintenance and supply by e.g., in-process self-controlled chemical MWF composition and adaptation of the MWF supply system for temperature and force reduction, and d) verification and transfer of the innovative, alternative systems e.g., on a test bench in a realistic environment being part of a demonstration center. The distinguishing feature of the approach will be its cross-disciplinary and comprehensive nature.

Keywords: metal working fluids,coolant lubricants,cutting,abrasive machining,sustainability,eco-efficiency,monitoring and control
Exploring Mobile Interfaces: Domain Walls as Functional Elements (MOBILE-W)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Materials and Synthesis
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call:  (ERC-2010-AdG_20100224, 2010)
Start date: 2011-06-01
End date: 2016-08-31
Duration (months): 63.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2475600.0
EU funding (EUR): 2475600.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Very recent findings by our group and others reveal that ferroelectric interfaces can show strongly enhanced properties and remarkable new effects with potential for exploitation in devices. In particular, new phases at broadened domain walls [DWs], conductivity and possibility for ferromagnetism in ferroelectric DWs and giant response in materials possessing high density ferroelectric DWs were shown DWs form spontaneously in ferroelectrics. Their functionality, widely recognized is neither quantified nor controlled. Distinctly from other interfaces, ferroelectric DWs are mobile, can be modified dynamically by external forces (electrical, stress, temperature variation) and can, moreover, be annihilated and recreated What are the mechanisms to functionalize DWs? How to gain control over the structure and dynamics of these DWs, and what are the potential breakthroughs that such control may lead to? What additional properties of DWs await discovery? We will address these questions through several interrelated objectives designed to cover both fundamental aspects, as well as limits of applicability Considering a single DW as a device that can be created, displaced and eliminated reversibly in-situ is unique to this project. Working with ordered arrays of DWs is another central theme. To create controlled patterns of DWs we will use top-down and bottom-up approaches. Characterization of DWs will range from investigation of the internal structure by Spherical Aberration Corrected HRTEM through cryogenic Piezo Force Microscopy study of DW phase-transition, to macroscopic characterization over a broad frequency and driving stimulus range. Theory will guide the investigation. Device concepts will be demonstrated, such as DW-enhanced ultrasonic transducer, DW transistor and ferroelectric string memory We believe that attainment of these objectives should lead to conceptual breakthroughs both in our understanding of ferroelectric interfaces and in their applications.
Test of Lepton Flavour Universality with Kaon Decays (UNIVERSALEPTO)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Fundamental constituents of matter
Countries involved: United Kingdom,United Kingdom,United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2010-AdG_20100224, 2010)
Start date: 2011-09-01
End date: 2016-08-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2282254.58
EU funding (EUR): 2282254.58
Participants: 3
Project status: CLOSED

Physics at the high-mass scale can also be manifest in dynamical effects at lower, accessible energy. Thus, the existence of new high-mass-scale physics implies new mechanisms by which new interactions between constituents, quarks and gluons with leptons, must also exist. This proposal is for a precision measurement at the NA62 experiment at the European Laboratory for Particle Physics (CERN) of the ratio R(K) of the branching ratios (BR) of two rare, leptonic, decays of the K+, namely K+ to e+ neutrino and K+ to mu+ neutrino, with a precision of 0.2%. When compared with the prediction of the Standard Model (uncertainty 4E-4), the measurement will be sensitive to physics at the Terascale (TeV energy). The experiment is based on a sample of about 10E13 in-flight K+ decays, for which selection and background rejection exploit precision kinematic reconstruction and particle identification. The team will contribute a Cerenkov detector, which will time-stamp individual K +decays in the decay volume of the experiment at the 50 MHz K+ beam rate. When operating in the NA62 experiment, the sensitivity to K decay BRs will then be better than 10E-11. Such a measurement of R(K) will certainly constrain in a unique manner the nature of Terascale physics. The reality of measurements at this level of precision, which may point to lepton flavour violation, will make possible a number of definitive tests concerned with the violation of lepton flavour universality. The importance of the measurements is therefore compelling, and especially so when taken in the context of imminent measurements using long baseline neutrino beams.

Keywords: lepton flavour universality precise tests of standard model kaon rare decays