Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Study of Terahertz Focal Plain Arrays (TFPA)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Universe sciences
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (ERC-2009-StG, 2009)
Start date: 2009-11-01
End date: 2014-10-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 900000.0
EU funding (EUR): 900000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The Terahertz frequency band is largely unexplored both for astronomical and for ground based applications. Over the recent years significant progress has been made in developing coherent detection techniques applicable at these higher frequencies, which enabled the building of array-receivers. When located in a focal plane a telescope such novel systems allow for a manifold increase in performance. However, the development of coherent detector focal plane arrays is still lagging behind. For incoherent bolometric arrays, a novel kinetic inductor detector (KID) has been recently proposed. It makes it possible to multiplex focal plane arrays with many thousands of pixels in very efficient and cost effective way. Backend technologies for both coherent and KID focal plane array will be based on Fourier Transform Spectrometer digital technique, which has demonstrated impressive progress during last few years and ready for large scale arrays. We propose to develop an advanced side band separating mixer technology for focal plane arrays in combination with research directed to increase the operation frequency of superconductor-insulator-superconductor technology by studying new superconducting materials. This research will be combined with development of many kilo pixel KID array. This inter-disciplinary research will enable building large focal plane arrays for use in astronomy and other Terahertz applications.

Keywords: superconductor insulator superconductor tunnel junction,hot electron bolometer,kinetic inductance detector
Ab initio approach to nuclear structure and reactions (++) (ANSR)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Fundamental constituents of matter
Countries involved: Sweden
Call:  (ERC-2009-StG, 2009)
Start date: 2009-12-01
End date: 2014-11-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1304800.0
EU funding (EUR): 1304800.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Today, much interest in several fields of physics is devoted to the study of small, open quantum systems, whose properties are profoundly affected by the environment; i.e., the continuum of decay channels. In nuclear physics, these problems were originally studied in the context of nuclear reactions but their importance has been reestablished with the advent of radioactive-beam physics and the resulting interest in exotic nuclei. In particular, strong theory initiatives in this area of research will be instrumental for the success of the experimental program at the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) in Germany. In addition, many of the aspects of open quantum systems are also being explored in the rapidly evolving research on ultracold atomic gases, quantum dots, and other nanodevices. A first-principles description of open quantum systems presents a substantial theoretical and computational challenge. However, the current availability of enormous computing power has allowed theorists to make spectacular progress on problems that were previously thought intractable. The importance of computational methods to study quantum many-body systems is stressed in this proposal. Our approach is based on the ab initio no-core shell model (NCSM), which is a well-established theoretical framework aimed originally at an exact description of nuclear structure starting from realistic inter-nucleon forces. A successful completion of this project requires extensions of the NCSM mathematical framework and the development of highly advanced computer codes. The &apos;++&apos; in the project title indicates the interdisciplinary aspects of the present research proposal and the ambition to make a significant impact on connected fields of many-body physics.

Keywords: low-energy nuclear physics,quantum many-body theory,computational physics,ultracold atom gases,atomtronics
Archaeometry and Archaeology of Ancient Glass Production as a Source for Ancient Technology and Trade of Raw Materials (ARCHGLASS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: ERC Starting Grant Interdisciplinary Panel
Countries involved: Belgium
Call:  (ERC-2009-StG, 2009)
Start date: 2009-11-01
End date: 2014-10-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 954960.0
EU funding (EUR): 954960.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

In this project, innovative techniques to reconstruct ancient economies are developed and new insights in the trade and processing of mineral raw materials are gained based on interdisciplinary archaeological and archaeometrical research. An innovative methodology for and a practical provenance database of the primary origin of natron glass from the Hellenistic-Roman world will be established. The project investigates both production and consumer sites of glass raw materials using both typo-chronological and archaeometrical (isotope geochemical) study of finished glass artefacts at consumer sites as well as mineralogical and chemical characterisation of raw glass and mineral resources at primary production sites. Suitable sand resources in the locations described by ancient authors will be identified through geological prospecting on the basis of literature review and field work. Sand and flux (natron) deposits will be mineralogically and geochemically characterised and compared to the results of the archaeological and geochemical investigations of the glass. Through integrated typo-chronological and archaeometrical analysis, the possible occurrence of primary production centres of raw glass outside the known locations in Syro-Palestine and Egypt, particularly in North-Africa, Italy, Spain and Gaul will be critically studied. In this way, historical, archaeological and archaeometrical data are combined, developing new interdisciplinary techniques for innovative archaeological interpretation of glass trade in the Hellenistic-Roman world.

Keywords: glass,roman,hellenistic
towards a PHOtonic liquid state machine based on delay-CoUpled Systems (PHOCUS)

Framework: FP7 — Cooperation
Programme: Information and Communication Technologies
Destination: Future and emerging technologies
Action type: Collaborative project
Countries involved: Spain,Spain,Germany,France,Spain,Germany,Belgium,Germany
Call:  (FP7-ICT-2009-C, 2009)
Start date: 2010-01-01
End date: 2012-12-31
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2394317.0
EU funding (EUR): 1808566.0
Participants: 8
Project status: CLOSED

The aim of this project is to design and implement a photonics realization of a liquid state machine (LSM), with the potential for versatile and fast signal handling. We target to achieve high computational performance with only a small number of photonics components, using dynamical systems with time delay to realize the required high dimensionality for the LSM. This ambitious aim is motivated by the fact that optical information processing remains to be a major challenge in nowadays and future photonics networks. Huge amounts of data need to be handled/processed in photonics, but also in other fields, like biological or economical systems. Despite of increasing computing power, new approaches are desired and required. Reservoir computing, and in particular the implementation of a LSM, represent such an alternative approach towards computation. It has been shown that reservoir computing serves universal computational properties, such that any potential operation could be realized, outperforming other approaches for certain tasks. While numerical implementations of this concept exist, technical implementations are lacking. We have identified delay-coupled optical systems as ideal substrates for LSMs. They allow achieving complex dynamics and thus the required mapping with only few elements. Moreover, photonic systems have proven to be robust and well-controllable, offering high processing speed and low power consumption. In order to succeed, we intend to realise two different photonic systems to implement the LSM. The photonic implementation will be supported by modelling and theory, and complemented by studies on versatile electronic systems. With a consortium comprising high expertise from photonics, neuroscience, nonlinear dynamics, complex systems, and electronic systems, we have assembled a well-balanced and determined team to explore and implement this novel and high risk concept, promising major impact on future information processing in case of success.

Keywords: dynamics of delayed coupled lasers,synchronization and consistency,complex neural networks,optical signal processing,optical computing,liquid state machine
Evolutionary Approaches Towards Preferences (EATP)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Individuals, institutions and markets
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2009-StG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-01-01
End date: 2015-12-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 600000.0
EU funding (EUR): 600000.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

A recent psychological and experimental literature on human behavior suggests that standard preferences assumed in economic models are inadequate to explain human choice behaviors in numerous environments. The primary objective of this project is to establish evolutionary foundations for non-standard preferences. Most models in economics take preferences as given and derive the choices induced by these preferences. We intend to do just the opposite. We characterize the choice behavior that would survive evolution and then represent this choice behavior with preferences. That is, we identify the preferences that induce evolutionarily stable choice behavior. We identify each choice behavior with a gene. Hence, the choices an individual makes during her lifetime are determined by her genes, where these are inherited from her parents. A population can be defined as a group of individuals having the same genes. Populations with different genes may grow at different rates. Only those genes that induce the highest possible population growth rate given the physical environment survive evolution. We wish to apply the principle described above to derive implications for time preferences, preference for similarities, preferences for discrimination, preferences for conformity, and other important socio-economic behaviors. The goal of the project is to provide a theoretical guidance for which preferences are admissible and which are not likely to arise.

Keywords: evolutionary game theory,fundation of prefernces
Quantitative modeling of historical-comparative linguistics: Unraveling the phylogeny of native South American languages (QUANTHISTLING)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The Human Mind and its complexity
Countries involved: Germany,Germany
Call:  (ERC-2009-StG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-01-01
End date: 2014-12-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1938000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1938000.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

This project aims to uncover and clarify phylogenetic relationships between native South American languages. Very little is known about the historical development of the linguistic diversity in this part of the world, and more detailed insights will have a major impact not only on linguistics, but also on genetics, archeology, and cultural anthropology. The approach taken is to digitize available lexical information about the languages in question, and to develop new and innovative computer-assisted methods to quantify the analysis of this information. This quantification will be based on the techniques and experiences of the traditional historical-comparative method, and not use the Swadesh-style approach using wordlists. This novel quantitative approach makes it possible to process more data in a more consistent and faster manner, and as a consequence uncover more evidence for genealogical relations. The availability of more evidence is essential to push back the phylogenetic time-depth beyond the few thousand years to which historical linguistics is traditionally limited. A second key objective of this project is to transform historical-comparative linguistics from a primarily handcrafted scholarly endeavor, performed by individual researchers, into a quantitative and collaborative field of research, involving linguists, mathematicians and computer scientists alike. The project will build a truly interdisciplinary team to improve the interaction between linguistics and mathematics. In this way, not just historical linguistics will profit from methods and insights previously developed in mathematics and computer science, but the special requirements posed by language variation and language change will also reframe and further extend current phylogenetic methods.

Keywords: reconstruction,prehistory,south america,lexicon,phylogenetic method,phoneme alignment
An Iconology of the Textile in Art and Architecture (TEXTILE)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Cultures and cultural production
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call:  (ERC-2009-StG, 2009)
Start date: 2009-09-01
End date: 2013-08-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 686000.0
EU funding (EUR): 686000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The fabrication of textiles is one of the oldest cultural technologies. The objective of the proposed interdisciplinary research project is to investigate the historical meanings and functions of the textile medium in art and architecture from the Middle Ages to the present. The exploration of this specific art medium should result in a historical theory or iconology of the textile. The project focussed on the textile discourse engages in a new, complex, and challenging field of research situated between art and architectural history and within cultural and visual studies, involving also other disciplines such as literary studies and social history. Moreover, it aims at connecting the two scientific cultures of the universities and museums, and it draws transdisciplinary expertise from contemporary art. The framework of the project can be described by seven interconnected subject areas which are dedicated to specific questions and which share categories of objects such as figurative tapestries, installation art, literary texts, or architectural materials. This requires a variety of instrumental methods ranging from gender studies to textual analysis, from iconography to anthropological approaches. Two postdoctoral researchers and one doctoral candidate will work on a topic related to one or more of the subject areas. The team s aim is to perform basic research in an innovative and contemporary field, independently of traditional institutional constraints, in order to contribute to the establishment of the history of textile art as an academic discipline and to the advancement of art and architectural history towards a general history of images, media, and artefacts.

Keywords: history of art,history of architecture,history of culture,history of media,history of technology,history of literature
Innovation for Climate chAnge mitigation: a study of energy R&d, its Uncertain effectiveness and Spillovers (ICARUS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Environment and society
Countries involved: Italy
Call:  (ERC-2009-StG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-01-01
End date: 2013-09-30
Duration (months): 45.0
Total project cost (EUR): 920000.0
EU funding (EUR): 920000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Much has been said on how to reduce current anthropogenic emissions with the aid of a portfolio of existing technologies. However, stabilization of atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gasses to a safe level requires that over time net emissions fall to zero. There is only one way that this can be achieved in a manner that is acceptable to the majority of the world's citizens: through some kind of technological revolution. To bring about such an innovation breakthrough extensive research and development (R&D) investments will be required. This will be specifically important for Europe, given its leading position in climate negotiations and in the light of the Lisbon Agenda. Technological breakthroughs will have an essential role in tackling the competitiveness issue that has gained great relevance lately in the policy debate. On top of this, technological transfers to Developing Countries could be the turning key to solve the logjam affecting international negotiations. The current proposal aims at producing an unprecedented analysis of energy-related innovation mechanisms; understanding the role of R&D investments and of inter countries and inter sector spillovers; disentangling the role of public and private R&D investments; incorporating in the analysis the uncertainty that inevitably affects the successfulness of R&D programs; simulating optimal responses using an integrated assessment model. The analysis will make use of empirical analysis of existing databases and will collect new data. Expert elicitation methods will be used in order to better assess technology-specific uncertain effectiveness of R&D programs. Simulation models will be used to produce quantitative grounded results. Summa of the analyses will be projections for optimal public and private energy R&D and energy technologies investment strategies as a product of a cost effectiveness analysis of a stringent climate stabilization target.

Keywords: climate change economics
Research on Microeconometrics: Econometric Theory and Applications (ROMETA)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Individuals, institutions and markets
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2009-StG, 2009)
Start date: 2009-10-01
End date: 2015-06-30
Duration (months): 69.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1200000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1200000.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

Recent years have witnessed a surge of international research in using micro-level data to answer empirical economic questions. This surge was possible because of the sharp increase in high-quality micro-level data across world, in particular in the US and Europe. The high-quality micro-level data are essential ingredients to understand economic behaviour and the impact of economic and social policy; however, having just the high-quality micro-level data is not sufficient to uncover the causal relationships. This is mainly because a large body of economic data are collected based on surveys and government registers rather than based on randomized experiments. Therefore, it is a central task in empirical economic research using non-experimental data to understand conditions under which the correlations or more generally associations obtained in statistical analysis can be interpreted as evidence for casual relationships. Studying these conditions is one of main econometric problems and generally viewed as an identification problem in econometrics. This research project aims to contribute to advances in understanding identification problems and developing estimation and inference methods using micro-level. In particular, the proposed research will: (1) develop point- and partial- identification results in microeconometric problems that occur naturally in empirical research in economics and social sciences; (2) develop semi- and nonparametric methods for estimation and inference in microeconometrics; (3) apply the state-of-the-art microeconometrics to important empirical problems in economics.

Keywords: microeconometrics,identification,nonparametric and semiparametric methods.
Language in our hand: The role of modality in shaping spatial language development in deaf and hearing children (LANGUAGE IN OUR HAND)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The Human Mind and its complexity
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (ERC-2009-StG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-01-01
End date: 2014-12-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1159000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1159000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The world's languages differ substantially from each other. Yet, all children learn the language(s) they are born into quite easily. A major scientific question in language has been to what extent follows a universal trajectory based on an innate design for language, and to what extent it is shaped by specific properties of the language that is being learned. By comparing the acquisition of a spoken language with a language that uses a visuo-spatial format, namely signed languages, a unique window of opportunity is created for investigating this fundamental question. Compared to spoken languages, signed languages represent spatial relations in an analogue way rather than arbitrarily. The proposed study will use a novel approach to investigate whether these differences influence the trajectory of how deaf versus hearing children learn to express spatial relations in their native languages (i.e., Turkish Sign Language versus Turkish). Spatial language development of deaf children will be compared with spoken language development as well as to the co-speech gestures of hearing children as the first time. Thus the proposed study will bring together state-of-the-art research in language acquisition, sign language, and gesture studies in a unique and ground-breaking way. Furthermore gathering data on acquisition of less studied and typologically different signed and spoken languages is critical to test some of previous research results based on Western languages. Due to spread use of cochlear implants fewer deaf children learn sign languages in European countries. The context in Turkey provides an unprecedented opportunity to conduct such a study with many participants before cochlear implants are also widespread in Turkey.

Keywords: sign language,gestures,visuo-spatial modality,spatial language,language acquisition,cross-linguistic,typology,deaf,hearing,children,development,discourse,innate