Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Quantum Dynamics of Strongly Correlated Systems and Ultra-Cold Atomic Gases (MASCARA)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-11-15
End date: 2015-11-14
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 194046.6
EU funding (EUR): 194046.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The realization of strongly correlated quantum systems by means of ultra-cold atoms is now an achieved reality. Beyond the early studies of thermodynamic equilibrium properties, these systems offer unprecedented possibilities to study their dynamics. Crucial theoretical challenges therefore concern modeling and understanding quantum dynamics in the presence of strong correlations. Our main goal is to develop new numerical approaches to tackle questions currently intractable by state-of-the-art techniques. We will use and suitably extend the “Time-dependent Variational Monte Carlo” method, to whose early development the Fellow (Dr Giuseppe Carleo) has tightly contributed and whose accuracy has been already demonstrated. In the first phase of the Project we will concentrate on lattice bosons. We will investigate the role of the dimensionality and of long-range, dipolar interactions in the time-propagation of quantum correlations. We will moreover study the interplay of disorder and interactions, focusing on dynamical signatures of the many-body localization phenomenon. In the second phase, we will extend our numerical technique to correlated gases in continuous space, studying how the ergodic hypothesis in their approach to equilibrium can be violated. All of the mentioned dynamical regimes have been, since now, fundamentally inaccessible to accurate numerical methods. The Host Institution is the Laboratoire Charles Fabry (LCF) at Institut d'Optique and CNRS. LCF has consolidate experience in ultracold atoms with world-leading experiments and theory. The Applicant will join the theory group led by Dr Laurent Sanchez-Palencia and will develop direct collaborations with the lively experimental activity at LCF. On one hand, the mobility will be beneficial for the Fellow to be trained in the field of ultracold atoms. On the other hand, his mature skills in advanced condensed-matter numerical methods will strongly reinforce the theory group in beyond-mean-field approaches.

Keywords: p117 statistical physics (gases),p209 superfluids,p107 atomic - molecular physics,p108 optics and quantum optics,p204 transport properties of condensed matter,p201 structure of solids and liquids
Advanced LAnguage TEchnology Platform for TranSlaTors (LATEST) (LATEST)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2014-02-01
End date: 2016-01-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 223002.2
EU funding (EUR): 223002.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

In today's multicultural world of multilingual communication and exponential growth of information, specialised texts and terminology, the need for correct understanding and reliable translation is greater than ever. Most Natural Language Processing (NLP) translation tools have been developed by NLP researchers and the practical needs of translators have been virtually ignored. Translators (and interpreters) face the everyday challenge of translating emerging terms which do not appear in dictionaries, and the fact that a very high proportion of these new terms are multiword units, which need to be recognised and translated as such, can only complicate the situation. Unfortunately, translator-orientated practical tools to assist in such scenarios are a scarce commodity, if one at all. This project, which will build on the input from and collaboration with translators, aims to fill in this gap. Its objective is the development of original methodology for, and the implementation of, a novel LAnguage TEchnology platform for tranSlaTors (LATEST). LATEST will go beyond words in that it will automatically identify multiword terms (collocations), and assist translators and interpreters to understand and translate them. It will explain the meaning in specific context by simply clicking on words or expressions. It will also provide the best translation in context by selecting the most appropriate translation from a set of possible translations in the target language. The innovative methodology underlying the functionalities of the tools to be developed will be based on advanced NLP approaches. A valuable by-product of the project will be the development of new resources (comparable corpora) as well as the development of a tool for automatic compilation of such corpora, which are essential for the operation of LATEST and for the work (translation, documentary search) of translators and interpreters in general.

Keywords: translation and interpreting,language technology,natural language processing,multiword units,collocations,terminology,comparable corpora,parallel corpora,use of language
Assessment of dermal absorption of organic flame retardant chemicals using 3D-in vitro human skin models (ADAPT)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IIF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-07-15
End date: 2015-07-14
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 221606.4
EU funding (EUR): 221606.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

ADAPT is a supradisciplinary study that combines advanced environmental analytical chemistry with state of the art human tissue culture techniques to study the toxicokinetics of human dermal exposure to organic flame retardants (FRs) in indoor dust and domestic products. The overarching hypothesis that current research in this field must test is that FRs present in many consumer goods and building materials are contaminating indoor dust at concentrations that constitute an important pathway of human exposure to these chemicals, at levels that are detrimental to human health. While some studies have reported correlations between FR concentrations in dust and in human tissues, and dermal contact with contaminated dust and consumer products has been highlighted as an important pathway of human exposure to FRs, no information is currently available on the human dermal absorption of these chemicals. This lack of information hinders the development of accurate risk assessment studies. ADAPT aims to fill this major research gap by using novel in vitro methods to study human dermal absorption of various legacy and novel FRs present in indoor dust and consumer products through experiments mimicking real-life exposure scenarios. The results of these experiments will be used to develop an advanced pharmacokinetic (PK) model to further understand the relationship between external human exposure to FRs in indoor environments and human body burdens of these contaminants. ADAPT’s vision is that improved understanding of various aspects of human exposure to FRs will provide for more accurate risk assessment studies which will benefit public health, policy-makers, regulators, and scientists by delivering more effective approaches to monitoring human exposure to such chemicals.

Keywords: human exposure assessment,indoor dust
Neandertal spine and thorax anatomy: 3D reconstruction, ontogeny and phylogeny (NEANDERSTAN)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-04-01
End date: 2015-03-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 194046.6
EU funding (EUR): 194046.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The vertebral column and thorax are key anatomical regions in human evolution to understand upright bipedal posture and locomotion in terms of weight transmission, equilibrium, habitual loading and kinematics. Additionally, the vertebral column protects the spinal cord, and the size of the spine canal can offer a glimpse into the neurological basis on which throwing abilities and speech evolved, among others. Finally the study of the size of the thorax due to its relation to lung size and thus to ventilatory capacities can be helpful to assess the bioenergetics of an extinct human species. The most abundant fossil record of vertebrae and ribs of an extinct hominin is that of Neandertals (Homo neanderthalensis). Evidence points towards differences between the vertebrae and ribs of Neandertals compared to modern humans. They show larger thoraxes and a less sinuous lumbar region, among others. However, the exact shape of the Neandertal torso is still a matter of speculation. Additionally, the loading pattern and equilibrium of a larger chest and its relation to a less curved lumbar region remains obscure, not to mention its potential influence on bipedal gait. The aim of this project is to study the Neandertal vertebral column and thorax both metrically analyzing the individual vertebrae and ribs, and using modern 3D virtual reconstruction techniques on CT scanning of key Neandertal individuals. The latter will allow a better understanding of the morphology and biomechanics of these regions and significantly contribute to the understanding of Neandertal bioenergetics, a potential factor influencing their extinction. Additionally it will offer the comparative framework in which to analyze the evolution of the vertebral column and thorax of our own species.

Keywords: human paleontology,human evolution,bioenergetics,phylogeny,anthropology,paleozoology,biomechanics,paleophysiology,virtual reconstruction
Creativity Across Cultures (CREATIVE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IIF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-08-01
End date: 2014-07-31
Duration (months): 12.0
Total project cost (EUR): 111889.2
EU funding (EUR): 111889.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Creativity is a crucial topic in most areas of human life and has been recognized as a key driver of European development by the European Parliament. Whereas individual differences in creativity have been studied, cultural differences and the role of culture in creativity are largely unknown. This is surprising given the growing importance of globalization and multi-national organizations. The proposed project addresses this research need investigating cultural influences on creativity in three innovative studies. It is hypothesized, that different aspects of creativity will be fostered in different cultures and that culture can have inhibiting and facilitative influences on creativity. The project will be a mutually beneficial collaboration and synergy between the applicant’s strength in cross-cultural psychology and the expertise in creativity of scientists at the host institution from the departments of statistics, applied computer science, and psychology, as well as the expertise of international artists funded by Bavarian state fellowships. The objective of the first proposed study is to document cultural differences in creativity in five countries and to test a new theoretical model specifying the relationship between culture and creativity. The objective of the second study is to further investigate cultural differences in creative analogical reasoning in a complex problem situation, since creativity has often been studied empirically in relatively simple situations. The objective of the third study is to investigate within-cultural differences focusing on creativity in famous experts of visual arts, literature, music, and design. The proposed research addresses the theoretical need to investigate cultural influences on creativity, and has implications for individuals and international teams. Identifying which cultural factors can predict creativity and which ones limit creativity can help create an environment conducive for creative thinking and working.

Keywords: creativity,innovation,complex problem solving,dynamic decision making,cross-cultural comparison,culture,complexity,uncertainty,microworld,theoretical development,ethnographic interviews
New Anionic Ligands for Base Metal Catalysis (SILACOFECC)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IIF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-03-01
End date: 2015-02-28
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 175974.6
EU funding (EUR): 175974.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The development of catalysts based on cheap and non-toxic first-row transition metals in replacement of the traditional precious metals is broadly recognized as a key challenge for the development of environmentally friendly chemistry. Here, we propose the development of novel silicon-based ligands specifically tailored to support organometallic chemistry at first-row transition metals (Fe and Co) and their application to the mechanistic study and development of C-C bond forming reactions. The applicant has received his undergraduate (EPFL) and graduate (ETHZ) education in Switzerland and then spent 2.5 years as a researcher at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech); he is now returning to Europe to start building up an independent research and teaching career at Utrecht University. The knowledge obtained in this research project will be shared with young European scientists through teaching and mentoring.

Keywords: c136 homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis,c112 catalysis,c132 coordination chemistry,c114 chemical reactions,organometallic chemistry,reaction mechanisms,base-metal catalysis
Fluorescent macrocycles as functional viscosity probes in live cells (FLUMVI)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-05-01
End date: 2016-05-26
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 309235.2
EU funding (EUR): 309235.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The present proposal aims to develop two novel classes of functional probes, which will enable the measurement of viscosity in cells. This important physiological parameter will be measured during normal cell function and during photodynamic therapy (PDT), a photoactivated cancer treatment of clinical importance. To achieve these objectives, we will characterise and use two types of tetrapyrrole macrocycles: porphycenes and porphyrazines as red/NIR emissive molecular rotors and PDT sensitizers and we will measure viscosity based on their fluorescence lifetime. The molecules will be used first in model systems such as vesicles, liposomes and gels and then in the complex environment of living cells. Protocols for the simultaneous detection of viscosity and other important physiological parameters such as pH will be developed. The novel methods will allow the quantification of viscosity in heterogeneous media, which is fundamental for understanding the complex dynamics of important biological, chemical and physical processes.

Keywords: c118 photochemistry,tetrapyrrolic macrocycles,viscosity,molecular rotors,intracellular imaging,fluorescence lifetime imaging,photodynamic therapy of cancer
Hearts and limbs: Linking morphometrics with 3D analysis of gene expression patterns (3D GENE SHAPE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IIF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-05-01
End date: 2016-08-09
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 230036.6
EU funding (EUR): 230036.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Development of new imaging techniques, such as optical projection tomography (OPT), to visualize gene expression patterns within developing structures in a 3D framework has revolutionized developmental biology research. However, methods to precisely quantify these 3D expression distributions in a systematic manner are still lacking. We are developing a novel approach to combine OPT with Geometric Morphometrics (GM) methods to quantify the relationship between morphology and gene expression shape patterns. Here we propose a biologically-oriented extension to this project that involves embryonic phenotyping of the heart and limb of control and mutant littermates of an Apert syndrome mouse model. Apert syndrome is a rare congenital disease caused by one of two mutations in fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) receptor 2 that presents with severe craniofacial malformations, as well as other developmental defects, including heart and limb defects. The use of such mouse model will enable us to apply the OPT-GM approach to two different organs, by quantifying heart and limb shape in association with gene expression shape patterns of Fgf downstream genes at an early and a late stage of development. Comparison between control and mutant littermates will reveal differences in normal and disease-altered patterns of development, allowing us to describe exactly what has gone wrong during development, both at an anatomical and molecular level. These results will provide a better understanding of limb and cardiac morphogenesis, which can be further used in biomedical research of many congenital diseases, including congenital heart disease, which is the most common of human birth defects. Our goal is to demonstrate that the combined application of OPT-GM methods for fast and accurate phenotyping is relevant to many organs, will increase our ability to reveal defects in embryonic development and will thus have multiple applications in medicine, featuring a significant advance in biology.

Keywords: optical projection tomography (opt),geometric morphometrics (gm),heart,limb,embryonic development,gene expression patters,morphological integration,apert syndrome,fgf signalling.
Microscopic and Algebraic Theory of Nuclei under Extreme Conditions (MATNEC)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-09-01
End date: 2015-08-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 194046.6
EU funding (EUR): 194046.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This project focuses on the theoretical description of low-energy structure of atomic nuclei and the applications to other finite quantum many-body systems. The primary emphasis is on collective excitation and shape phenomena in finite nuclei, and on the structure of exotic nuclei under extreme conditions. Microscopic energy density functionals currently provide an accurate global description of nuclear ground-state properties, while algebraic theories, such as the interacting boson model, are successful in calculating the low-energy structure of medium-heavy and heavy nuclei. To describe spectral properties of nuclei based on a global theory, this project proposes a robust framework constructed by combining algebraic with microscopic theories. This theoretical framework will be used in the study of outstanding open problems in nuclear physics: Microscopic realization of quantum shape phase transition, understanding of the microscopic mechanism behind proton-neutron mixed symmetry, role of pairing correlations in exotic nuclei, the importance of proton-neutron pairing in N~Z nuclei, emergence of symmetries in complex quantum systems, etc. The method will also be used to predict the spectroscopy of exotic nuclei which are extensively studied nowadays at rare-isotope beam facilities around the world, including the planned SPIRAL2 facility in GANIL. The proposed method is general and will be applied to other fields of physics such as the study of analogous excitation modes in molecules or phase structure and low-energy excitations of Bose-Einstein condensates with intrinsic spin. Therefore the project points to giving a comprehensive theory of nuclei under various extreme conditions as well as of general finite quantum systems. In addition, an important component of the project concerns applicant's training-through-research and teaching/outreach activities, mainly in the form of training of students and participation at and contribution to advanced summer schools.

Keywords: nuclear structure,nuclear collective motion,exotic nuclei,interacting boson model,algebraic theory,density functional theory,shell model,symmetry,molecule,bose-einstein condensate,spiral2