Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Global Organization from Local Signals in Neural and Artificial Networks (LOCALTOGLOBAL)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-CIG, 2012)
Start date: 2012-09-01
End date: 2016-08-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

We propose to study how information about objects and events in the environment can be reconstructed from collections of signals each arising from a small portion of space and/or time. The brain is continually faced with this task: eg, each retinal photoreceptor responds to light from a small bit of space compared with the size of real-world objects. In the time domain, early sensory neurons (visual, auditory and tactile) signal only instantaneous external stimuli, leaving the brain with the task of reconstructing events that extend over time (eg, speech). Neural computation of global constructs from local signals is therefore fundamental and ubiquitous, yet our understanding of it is still rudimentary. We will use neural modeling to study the topic. We have two specific goals, addressing two tasks which we have previously characterized experimentally, behaviorally and with brain imaging. (i) Recover the global motion of objects from local motion signals. For example, a spinning wheel's global motion corresponds to a single quantity, its angular velocity; but each point on it generates a local motion signal of a different direction and speed. The task is further complicated since other nearby local motion signals may arise from independently moving objects. The modeling will implement and test our theory that global motion computation is achieved by continual neural computation between two modules, one specializing in integration and the other in segmentation. (ii) Build models of neural networks with a hierarchical organization of Temporal Receptive Windows (TRWs). Defining a neuron's TRW as the length of time prior to a response during which sensory information can affect that response, we have recently shown that the brain is organized with a hierarchy of TRWs, ranging from 3 sec in sensory areas to 40 sec in higher cortical areas. The models will be used for studying basic properties of such networks and for starting to apply them to real-world tasks.

Keywords: computational neuroscience,neural modeling,brain,visual processing,human vision,computer vision
Role of SOX9-BMI1 in adult neural stem cells and in glioma stem cells (SOX-BMI1)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-CIG, 2012)
Start date: 2012-10-01
End date: 2016-09-30
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Cancers display remarkable phenotypical and functional intratumoral heterogeneity. The discovery of a rare subpopulation of tumor cells that acquired stem cells properties in several malignancies has profound implications for cancer therapy. These cells are suppose to be responsible for the origin, progression and recurrence of the tumors. Thus, new strategies directly targeting cancer stem cells should be important for cancer treatment. Glioblastoma multiforme, the most common and malignant brain primary cancer, present very low success rate in the actual therapeutic protocols and the average survival for patients do not exceed a year of life. This can be partially explained because they contain a population of glioma stem cells. Factors involved in establishing and maintaining stem cells of normal tissues are activated as part of the tumorigenic process. It is likely that these stem cell factors are important for providing and maintaining the characteristics of cancer stem cells. SOX9 and BMI1 are transcriptor factors essential in multiple processes during embryonic development and in the regulation of stem cells in various tissues including the brain. Both are often overexpressed in cancer, mainly in tissues where they plays critical roles in stem/progenitor cells. Our group has recently identified that BMI1 is a direct downstream target of SOX9. The goals of this translational research project is investigate the clinical relevance of SOX9-BMI1 in glioblastoma, characterize its role in the regulation of glioma stem cells and determine whether Sox9-Bmi1 concomitant overexpression is sufficient to induce neural stem cell transformation and cause gliomas. To achieve our aims, we will generate a unique set of cellular and animal models to study in vitro and in vivo the biology of neural and glioma stem cells

Keywords: health science,neural stem cell,glioma stem cell,sox9,bmi1,glioblastoma,genetically engineered cell lines,transgenic mouse models,human primary tumors,self renewal,tumorigenesis
“Digital Detours” – How marginalized and underserved communities can overcome the digital divide (DIGITAL DETOURS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-CIG, 2012)
Start date: 2013-04-01
End date: 2017-03-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This research project aims to: 1. Better our understanding of the causes for and the nature of the digital divide in Israel; 2. Provide insight into how the information needs of marginalized and excluded communities can be met; 3. Propose policy interventions that will address providing the information essentials of the needy. The project involves a mapping of underserved communities in Israel, identifying unique "pockets" of the population with special information needs, fieldwork in which the information needs of these unique communities will be studied, and collaborative policy development to overcome their information needs involving policymakers, NGOs and the industry. The innovative nature of this project is in the communities it will lead to study, in the qualitative methodology to be used to assess information needs and in the theoretical framework of "distributive justice" that will be used to design policy interventions.

Keywords: icts,digital divide,israel qualitative methods
Evolutionary, Social, and Strategic Aspects of limited Attention and Economic Policy Implications (LIMITED_ATTENTION)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-CIG, 2012)
Start date: 2012-08-01
End date: 2016-07-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Attention is a scarce cognitive resource. How economic agents allocate their LIMITED ATTENTION has profound implication for economic policy. Investors may not pay attention to differences in country specific default risks in sovereign debt until something triggers attention to this issue. Then we might change from a good equilibrium of sustainable debt to bad equilibrium of default. Consumers may not be able to pay attention to all details and become vulnerable to exploitation by strategic agents. Voters’ limited attention influences elections and ultimately public policies. This project seeks a deeper understanding of LIMITED ATTENTION and its economic consequences. Part 1 investigates the evolutionary foundations of limited attention, seeking a better understanding of the evolution of allocating limited attention. Furthermore, we consider in how far limited cognition can provided a framework for an evolutionary foundations of prospect theory, particularly for probability weighting. In addition, we investigate the evolution of paying attention to different characteristics. Part 2 focuses on social and strategic aspects of allocating limited attention and the implications for public policy. When is paying attention a strategic complement (i.e. you want to pay attention to an issue when others pay attention to it) and when a strategic substitute (i.e. if other pay attention to this issue, you can focus your attention on other things)? How might attentive players exploit inattentive players and how can inattentive agents protect themselves. A better understanding of these strategic aspects of limited attention will have important positive and normative implications for public policy and interesting applications as illustrated in the previous examples. The project is a crucial part of reintegrating the researcher into the European research network, facilitating joint work with his coauthors across Europe, and keeping his international connections and collaborations.

Keywords: (limited) attention,evolution,cognitive constraints,economics,bounded rationality
Variability in Relativistic Jets: the Fastest Time Scales at all Wavelengths (MULTIFAST)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Italy
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-CIG, 2012)
Start date: 2012-09-01
End date: 2016-08-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

I propose to fully harness a new exciting window recently opened in Astrophysics, which I am pioneering: the study of multi-lambda fast variability from relativistic jets from stellar-mass compact objects. I will (a) identify and apply strategies to maximize the scientific output of a large amount of data, and formally define and publish new standard methods for multi-lambda statistical and timing analysis, to serve as points of reference for future works; (b) initiate an ambitious numerical code for the variable emission from a relativistic jet from a stellar-mass compact object; (c) apply the above techniques and codes to a large amount of data, placing unprecedented constraints to the physics of jets, and comparing the jet properties in black holes and neutron stars, ultimately answering the fundamental question about how the jet properties are influenced by the presence of a hard surface or an event horizon (and/or ergosphere), as well as by the presence of large-scale bipolar magnetic fields. I am one of the precursors in this field, which has already shown its large potential. I have built and am currently a leading member of a large international collaboration, which has acquired a large amount of data with the most diverse sets of observational facilities and data structure. The complexity of the field, together with its clear potential, demands a focussed and continuous effort, which I am planning to take. I will tackle the objective with a multi-disciplinary approach, working on observations, theory and numerical simulations, maximizing the scientific exploitation of the method. I have been hired recently by the host institution with a researcher permanent position, which guarantees my stability during the project and the feasibility of the project itself. As the topics of the proposed project nicely complement the present expertise at the host institution, the CIG funding will help me enourmously in integrating myself in the host institution.

Keywords: astrophysics,relativistic jets,multi-wavelength,timing analysis,black holes,neutron stars,binary systemsrelativistic jets,modeling
Genetics and physiology of adolescent development in telencephalic interneurons (ADOLESCENT DEV)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Sweden
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-CIG, 2012)
Start date: 2012-11-01
End date: 2016-10-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

To be developed

Keywords: l501 neuroanatomy and neurophysiology,l305 cell differentiation - physiology and dynamics,l502 molecular and cellular neuroscience
Computational study of assisted assembly of colloids (COSAAC)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-CIG, 2012)
Start date: 2013-02-01
End date: 2016-01-31
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 75000.0
EU funding (EUR): 75000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Colloids are particles of about a millionth of a meter that, when dispersed in a solvent, may assemble into sophisticated structures and form materials whose properties can be exploited: gels, microcapsules for drug delivery, catalytic media. Most studies so far seek that particles spontaneously “self-assemble” into these structures at constant conditions. This is the most straightforward and desirable route. However, a structure with desired properties is not always accessible via self-assembly. This research program plans to investigate how the assembly of colloidal structures can be assisted by dynamically manipulating the conditions in which the assembly process takes place. The proposed research plans to investigate colloidal structures of technological or scientific relevance such as gels, vesicles and crystals, expecting to make important advancements towards the formation of these structures and the control of their properties. This will be done by means of computer simulations, vital to the design of new assembled colloidal structures because they enable the exploration of a large parameter space before starting painstaking experiments.

Keywords: computer simulations,gc101 physical chemistry,c107 new materials,p215 soft condensed matter,p218 phase transitions - phase equilibria,p217 statistical physics (condensed matter),glasses,gels
Family Politics, Party Politics, and Gender Politics: Comparing Five Cases (FAMGENPO)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Hungary
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-CIG, 2012)
Start date: 2013-02-21
End date: 2016-08-20
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 75000.0
EU funding (EUR): 75000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Why are we seeing a proliferation of female politicians who members of political dynasties? Female politicians who are the wife, widow, daughter or sister of a prominent male politician have risen to the highest posts in politics as heads of parties and even heads of state. How can we account for this phenomenon? What does it mean about the trajectories of women in politics? Does the trend signal the rise of a new kind of power elite and a decline in democratic accountability? And finally, what does it tell us about transformations in early twenty-first century democratic politics? FAMGENPO proposes to compare the political trajectories of two successful cases of direct familial succession (Marine le Pen of France’s National Front, and Argentina’s President, Cristina Kirchner), two mid-range cases of successful indirect familial succession (Israel’s Tzipni Livni, and Chile’s Michelle Bachelat), and one failed case (Ségolène Royal of the French Socialist Party). Through interviews, participant observation, and analysis of archival material in Argentina, Chile, Israel and France, FAMGENPO aims to explain the rise of this phenomenon, including to unanticipated countries like France, just as many political parties have turned to elections in choosing party leadership. Existing scholarship on women in legislative politics cannot explain this trend. I propose to examine the relationship between social movements and political parties, past alliance practices of powerful, male leaders, the symbolic dimensions of being a political wife, widow, or daughter, and electorates and party rank-and-file seeking change by turning to women leaders at the same time as membership in a familial dynasty can offer a sense of stability. Finally, I plan to examine the possibility that electorates have become disenchanted with rational-bureaucratic political careers, and are turning to women politicians from such dynasties for whom politics is fundamentally familial and personal.

Keywords: women,gender,party politics,party leadership,executive leadership,political dynasties,equality,elites,comparative social science,chile,argentina,israel,france,democracy
Spin-Orbit Torques for magnetic memory applications (SPORT FOR MEMORY)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-CIG, 2012)
Start date: 2012-10-01
End date: 2016-09-30
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Current research in spintronics focuses on a new type of memory device where the information is stored in the resistance state of magnetic tunnel junctions. This device generates high expectations, since it combines most qualities encountered separately in existing random access memories, among which one of the key features is the non-volatility. The present writing scheme of MRAMs, based on Ampere’s law is not robust against downscaling. The solution under investigation, based on the spin-transfer torque between the free and fixed layer of the tunnel junction, solves the scalability problem but has other shortcomings. Its limited reliability and endurance derive from the fact that writing the memory element requires applying high current densities through the tunnel barrier. In this context, I propose a novel approach where, instead of using the spin-transfer between two ferromagnets, the magnetization is reversed by transferring angular momentum from the crystal lattice. During my post-doc I have discovered that Spin-Orbit effects can be exploited to create a torque on the magnetization and switch it. Since this new writing scheme uses in-plane current, parallel to the barrier, implementing this novel approach allows circumventing most of the remaining difficulties. Besides, the potential of this line of research for creating knowledge is tremendous. It is well known that the Gilbert damping is a torque caused by non-equilibrium spin-orbit interaction induced by the magnetization dynamics. Similar non-equilibrium spin-orbit interaction, this time created by the electric current, produces a new type of torque. I believe that the balance between fundamental and applied research promoted at SPINTEC offers the perfect environment for my project. While rich physical phenomena are still likely to emerge, the recently demonstrated magnetization reversal induced by the Spin-Orbit effects allows taking the first steps toward prototypes for magnetic memory applications.

Keywords: magnetism,spin transfer,spin-orbit,magnetic random access memory
Exploring enhancers’ Achilles Heel (ENHREG)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (ERC-2012-ADG_20120314, 2012)
Start date: 2013-10-01
End date: 2018-09-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2176840.0
EU funding (EUR): 2176840.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Enhancers are genomic domains that regulate transcription of distantly located genes and that are characterized by specific chromatin signatures of histone methylation and acetylation patterns. Interestingly, RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) binds to a subset of enhancers and produces transcripts, called enhancer RNAs (eRNAs). These are produced bi-directionally and, in contrast to mRNAs and many other non-coding RNAs, are not polyadenylated. Generally, the transcription of eRNAs was shown to positively correlate with mRNA levels of surrounding protein-coding genes. However, it is unclear if eRNAs carry a transcriptional function. p53 is a transcription factor and tumor suppressor that is very frequently mutated in cancer. Chromatin-binding profiles reveal specific interactions of p53 with promoter regions of nearby genes, within genes, but also with remote regions located more than 50 kbps away from any known gene. Interestingly, many of these remote regions possess evolutionary highly conserved p53-binding sites and all known hallmarks of enhancer regions, as well as binding of RNAPII. We found out that many remote p53-bound domains are indeed p53-dependent eRNA-producing enhancers, and, most importantly, eRNA production was required for transcriptional induction of distal genes and for p53-dependent cellular control. Here we will: 1. Investigate in detail the mechanism of action and function of p53-dependent eRNAs. 2. Expand studies to identify eRNAs with oncogenic function. 3. Develop efficient ways to target eRNAs. 4. Target eRNAs and study their capacity to inhibit tumorigenicity. As eRNAs are mediators of enhancer activity with sequence specific content and sensitivity to siRNA targeting, they might be the Achilles heel through which oncogenic enhancer activity could be suppressed. Our study will elucidate a novel layer of gene regulation and holds promise for opening up new opportunities to affect cancer-related cellular programs in very specific and effectiv

Keywords: enhancers erna non coding rnas proliferation tumorigenesis rnai