Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
An X-ray spectroscopy view on active sites: removing the obscuring silent majority (XRAYONACTIVE)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Physical and Analytical Chemical sciences
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-04-01
End date: 2019-03-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2500000.0
EU funding (EUR): 2500000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

One of the holy grails in catalytic research is the determination of the structure of the active site. Information on the catalytically active site is notoriously difficult to obtain as it concerns a small minority of states in a sea of other silent states. This silent majority of states obscures the action that takes place on the active states. Because the core hole localizes the final state, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a powerful local probe of the electronic structure and XAS provides detailed information on catalysts under working conditions. A major limitation in the present experiments is the fact that the signal from the majority of non-active sites overwhelms the details from the active sites. In this proposal I will develop a new idea to solve this problem and allow x-ray spectroscopy to unveil the nature of active sites. The idea is based on a detailed knowledge of the resonant x-ray emission (RXES) process that allows the detection of RXES spectra that are specific for the active state only. Model calculations predict an enhancement of the active sites over the silent sites of approximately a factor 50, allowing the clear detection of active sites above 1 % presence. This method will be suitable to study active sites in heterogeneous catalysts based on transition metal ions. However, the approach is also suitable to study transition metal active sites in homogeneous catalysis and biocatalysis. In addition, the proposed research will have an impact on first principles x-ray spectroscopy calculations in theoretical chemistry and theoretical physics.

Keywords: x-ray absorption spectroscopy,resonant x-ray emission spectroscopy,theory of core level excitations
From maps to principles: Syntactic cartography and locality in adult grammars and language acquisition. (SYNCART)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The Human Mind and its complexity
Countries involved: Switzerland,Italy
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-02-01
End date: 2019-09-30
Duration (months): 68.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2499318.0
EU funding (EUR): 2499318.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

The project aims to break new ground in syntax and acquisition by combining three main strands of research: 1. The cartography of syntactic structures, which attempts to draw detailed maps of syntactic configurations. 2. The theory of syntactic locality, with special reference to intervention and delimitation principles. 3. The minimalist investigation of the fundamental ingredients of syntactic computations. Interconnected issues of cartography and locality will be addressed both in the adult grammar, and in language acquisition. There is much to expect from a close integration of these domains, which can complement and strengthen each other in substantive ways. The acquisition component introduces important variations on the theoretical themes, thus crucially enriching the empirical basis of the theoretical component; reciprocally, the solid theoretical structure of the project will offer new explanatory dimensions and generate novel research questions for acquisition studies. The “complementizer system” is one privileged locus where cartography and locality meet, as much of the movement action targets this zone of the syntactic tree. The research will then primarily focus on this area. The project aims at opening new paths in i. The “further explanation” of cartographic sequences and delimitation effects; ii. The development of a full-fledged theory of syntactic movement, integrating cartographic studies with minimalist syntax; iii. The exploration of a unified approach to intervention and impenetrability locality principles; iv. An integrated study of locality in adults and children, v. The study of the acquisition of cartographic structures.
Microeconometrics of Consumer and Labour Supply Behaviour (MICROCONLAB)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Individuals, institutions and markets
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-02-01
End date: 2019-10-31
Duration (months): 69.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2250280.0
EU funding (EUR): 2250280.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

The aim of this research programme is to significantly enhance our knowledge of consumer and labour supply behaviour using frontier microeconometric analysis. The objective is to improve our understanding of how individuals make choices, how they react to changes in the economic environment and how they respond to policy reforms. There are two key aspects to the proposed research. The first is to extend the analysis of consumer behaviour and revealed preference to allow for preference heterogeneity, many goods and taste change. A central part of this work will concern the imposition of shape restrictions that derive from revealed preference and integrability restrictions in the nonparametric analysis of consumer behaviour. This work will focus on the microeconometric analysis of consumer surveys and the nonparametric estimation of consumer demand at the household level. The second is a parallel set of studies that will examine the life-cycle behaviour of consumption and labour supply choices in a dynamic environment with uncertainty. This work will use panel data to investigate non-separabilities between consumption and labour supply. It will explore the role of family labour supply as a mechanism to ‘insure’ families against adverse economic shocks. It will involve bringing models of family earnings dynamics together with consumption decisions. The focus will be on the importance of non-separabilities, dynamics and heterogeneity in understanding the behavioural responses of consumption and family labour supply behaviour to policy reforms and other changes in the economic environment. Through a sequence of interrelated studies in these two broad areas, the research programme aims to radically move forward methodological approaches in empirical economics to modelling key aspects of household consumption and labour supply behaviour.

Keywords: microeconoemetrics,consumer behaviour,labour supply
From International to Global: Knowledge, Diseases and the Postwar Government of Health. (GLOBHEALTH)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Environment and society
Countries involved: France,Norway
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-08-01
End date: 2019-07-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2307432.32
EU funding (EUR): 2307432.32
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

This project aims at a socio-historical study of the transition between the two regimes of knowledge and action, which have characterized the government of health after World War II: the regime of international public health, dominating during the first decades of the postwar era, which was centered on eradication policies, nation-states and international UN organizations; the present regime of global health, which emerged in the 1980s and is centered on risk management and chronic diseases, market-driven regulations, and private-public alliances. The project seeks to understand this transition in terms of globalization processes, looking at the making of knowledge, the production and commercialization of health goods, the implementation of public health programs, and routine medical work. It will focus on four fields of investigations: tuberculosis, mental health, traditional medicine and medical genetics in order to understand how categories, standardized treatment regimens, industrial products, management tools or specific specialties have become elements in the global government of health. The project associates historical and anthropological investigations of practices in both international and local sites with strong interests in: a) the changing roles of WHO; b) the developments taking place in non-Western countries, India in the first place. The expected benefits of this research strategy are: a) to take into account social worlds including laboratories, hospitals, enterprises, public health institutions and international organizations; b) to approach the global as something translated in and emerging from local practices and local knowledge; c) to explore different levels of circulations beyond the classical question of North-South transfers; d) to deepen our understanding of the transition from the political and economical order of the Cold War into a neo-liberal and multi-centric age of uncertainty.

Keywords: globalization,public health,medical practice,india,world health organization,history 20th century,anthropology of medicine
The physical basis of cellular mechanochemical control circuits (CELLMECHANOCONTROL)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Condensed matter physics
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-06-01
End date: 2019-05-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2425200.0
EU funding (EUR): 2425200.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Biological cells possess a chemical “sense of smell” and a physical “sense of touch”. Structure, dynamics, development, differentiation and even apoptosis of cells are guided by physical stimuli feeding into a regulatory network integrating biochemical and mechanical signals. Cells are equipped with both, force-generating structures, and stress sensors including force-sensitive structural proteins or mechanosensitive ion channels. Pathways from force sensing to structural and transcriptional controls are not yet understood. The goal of the proposed interdisciplinary project is to quantitatively establish such pathways, connecting the statistical physics and the mechanics to the biochemistry. We will measure and model the complex non-equilibrium mechanical structures in cells, and we will study how external and cell-generated forces activate sensory processes that (i) act (back) on the morphology of the cell structures, and (ii) lead to cell-fate decisions, such as differentiation. The most prominent stress-bearing and -generating structures in cells are actin/myosin based, and the most prominent mechanoactive and -sensitive cell types are fibroblasts in connective tissue and myocytes in muscle. We will first focus on actin/myosin bundles in fibroblasts and in sarcomeres in developing heart muscle cells. We will observe cells under the influence of exactly controlled external stresses. Forces on suspended single cells or cell clusters will be exerted by laser trapping and sensitively detected by laser interferometry. We furthermore will monitor mechanically triggered transcriptional regulation by detecting mRNA in the nucleus of mouse stem cells differentiating to cardiomyocytes. We will develop fluorescent mRNA sensors that can be imaged in cells, based on near-IR fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotubes. Understanding mechanical cell regulation has far-ranging relevance for fundamental cell biophysics, developmental biology and for human health.

Keywords: cell mechanics,mechanosensing,transcription control,carbon nanotubes
The Symbiome of Bathymodiolus Mussels from Hydrothermal Vents: From the Genome to the Environment (BATHYBIOME)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Evolutionary, population and environmental biology
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-02-01
End date: 2019-01-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2499122.0
EU funding (EUR): 2499122.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The discovery of deep-sea hydrothermal vents in 1977 was one of the most profound findings of the 20th century, revolutionizing our perception of energy sources fueling primary productivity on Earth. These ecosystems are based on chemosynthesis, that is the fixation of carbon dioxide into organic compounds as in photosynthesis, but using inorganic compounds such as sulfide, methane or hydrogen, as energy sources instead of sunlight. Hydrothermal vents support tremendous biomass and productivity of which the majority is generated through symbiotic microbe-animal associations. Bathymodiolus mussels are able to build extraordinarily large and productive communities at hydrothermal vents because they harbor symbiotic bacteria that use inorganic energy sources from the vent fluids to feed their hosts via carbon fixation. In addition to their beneficial symbionts, the mussels are infected by a novel bacterial parasite that exclusively invades and multiplies in their nuclei. In the work proposed here, I will use a wide array of tools that range from deep-sea in situ instruments to sophisticated molecular, 'omic' and imaging analyses to study the microbiome associated with Bathymodiolus mussels. The proposed research bridges biogeochemistry, ecological and evolutionary biology, and molecular microbiology to develop a systematic understanding of the symbiotic interactions between microbes, their hosts, and their environment in one of the most extreme and fascinating habitats on Earth, hydrothermal vents.

Keywords: animal-microbe symbiosis,chemosynthesis,hydrothermal vents,deep sea
Free space photon atom coupling - the art of focusing (PACART)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Fundamental constituents of matter
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-03-01
End date: 2019-02-28
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1499703.6
EU funding (EUR): 1499703.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

A conceptually simple but radically new approach will be explored and developed: the interaction of light with a single atom in free space. No experiment has yet come close to the highest possible coupling efficiency attainable in such a fundamental system. The usual way of enhancing light-matter coupling is to place an atom inside a cavity. Another approach involves setting the atom in the near field of a plasmonic antenna. The free space approach, however, is special: a light field matched to the atomic dipole provides many desired aspects of fully efficient coupling. The birth of this new research area was marked by the PI's pioneering publication in 2000 arguing that efficient coupling of an atom to a light field is possible in free space without modifying the density of modes of the light field such as in a cavity or having competing radiative or non-radiative decay channels such as in plasmonic enhancement. At the time of writing, the highest probability achieved for exciting a single atom with a single photon in free space is less than 1%. At the heart of the project proposed here is a deep diffraction-limited parabolic mirror, which can provide the required aberration-free focusing of a vectorial dipole wave over the full 4π solid angle – a true challenge to optics. Perfectly efficient free space coupling to a single quantum system will be a novel building block for numerous applications. In addition, the experimental set-up will allow for the studying of other open questions in the realm of classical and quantum optics related to full solid angle focusing.
Egalitarianism: Forms, Processes, Comparisons (EGALITARIANISM)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Institutions, values, beliefs and behaviour
Countries involved: Norway
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-06-01
End date: 2019-05-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2092176.0
EU funding (EUR): 2092176.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The projects concerned with the heterogeneity of egalitarian structures, processes and value. This heterogeneity is approached through a) a library-based global comparative study and through b) field ethnographic studies, also comparatively oriented, in sites of egalitarian/inegalitarian crisis within Europe and elsewhere. The library and field studies are to be closely integrated, each influencing the development and directions of the other. The decentering inherent in the orientation heterogeneity involves an emphasis on the forms and practices of egalitarianism as cultural phenomena emergent within and having their complexities of effect through the socio-cultural dimensions of their realities. The key proposition of the project is that it is egalitarian practices and processes as cultural values that is of considerable importance for understanding their force, contradictions, limitations. Thus in this approach dualism that is widely conceived as being politically and philosophically problematic in egalitarianism as a whole is approached as a cultural phenomenon potentially specific to Euro-American forms. The emphasis on the heterogeneity of egalitarianism combined with the development of a comparative method appropriate to the heterogeneity of egalitarian processes, constitutes the distinction and the several contributions of the project to a fuller understanding of egalitarian processes, their constraints, limitations and potential. The method to be developed is to be open both to the varieties in the conceptions and imagination of egalitarian processes and the various historical, socio-political, and geo-ecological circumstances under which egalitarian practices emerge. Through the comparison perennial questions – the role of the state, religion, forms of economic distribution, the matter of scale – concerning forms and structures with egalitarian effect will be exposed to further consideration.
Development of a Bio-Inspired Blood Factory for Personalised Healthcare (BIOBLOOD)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Products and process engineering
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-01-01
End date: 2018-12-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2498903.0
EU funding (EUR): 2498903.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Personalized medicine is a medical model that proposes the customization of healthcare, with decisions and practices being tailored to the individual patient by use of patient-specific information and/or application of patient-specific cell-based therapies. BioBlood aims to deliver personalised healthcare through a “step change” in the clinical field of haemato-oncology. BioBlood represents an engineered bio-inspired integrated experimental/modelling platform for normal and abnormal haematopoiesis that receives disease & patient input (patient primary cells & patient/disease-specific data) and will produce cellular (red blood cell product) and drug (optimal drug treatment) therapies as its output. Blood supply to meet demand is the primary challenge for Blood Banks and requires significant resources to avoid shortages and ensure safety. An alternative, practical and cost-effective solution to conventional donated blood is essential to reduce patient morbidity and mortality, stabilise and guarantee the donor supply, limit multiple donor exposures, reduce risk of infection of known or as yet unidentified pathogens, and ensure a robust and safe turn-around for blood supply management. BioBlood aims to meet this challenge by developing a novel in vitro platform for the mass production of RBCs for clinical use. More than £32b/year is spent to develop and bring new drugs to market, which takes 14 years. Most patients diagnosed with leukaemias are unable to tolerate treatment and would benefit from novel agents. There is a need to optimise current treatment schedules for cancers such as AML to limit toxicities and improve clinical trial pathways for new drugs to enable personalised healthcare. BioBlood’s in vitro & in silico platform would be a powerful tool to tailor treatments in a patient- and leukaemia-specific chemotherapy schedule by considering the level of toxicity to the specific individual and treatment efficiency for the specific leukaemia a priori.

Keywords: bioprocessing,bioreactors,three dimensional cultures,bone marrow
Functional Role of the HLA-DR15 Haplotype in Multiple Sclerosis (HLA-DR15 IN MS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Immunity and infection
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2015-01-01
End date: 2020-06-30
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2368068.0
EU funding (EUR): 2368068.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a prototypic CD4+ T cell-mediated autoimmune disease that damages the central nervous system. MS affects young adults and women twice as often as men. Neurological deficits cause substantial disability at an early age with high socioeconomic impact. Both a complex genetic trait and environmental factors are involved in MS etiology. Similar to other autoimmune diseases it has been known for almost 40 years that certain HLA-class II genes, in MS the two DR15 alleles DRB1*15:01 and DRB5*01:01, confer by far most of the genetic risk. Despite this clear role remarkably little is known about the functional contribution of these genes to MS pathogenesis, and this holds also true for all other T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. It is assumed that the DR15 alleles present peptides from organ-specific self-proteins to T cells and select an autoreactive CD4+ T cell repertoire that can be activated by certain environmental triggers. Interestingly, the effects of the three known environmental risk factors in MS, Epstein Barr virus (EBV), low vitamin D3 and smoking, are all amplified by DR15. This core issue of research on autoimmune diseases and also MS, how disease-associated HLA-class II molecules contribute to disease development at the functional level, will be studied with state-of-the-art methodologies and a series of novel approaches. These will include in silico modeling approaches, studies of self-peptides, T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire and HLA-DR/peptide complexes, clonally expanded T cells from MS brain tissue and hypothesis-open methods such as combinatorial chemistry and tissue-derived cDNA libraries to identify target antigens. Finally, translational studies will investigate the relationship between the above aspects and MS disease heterogeneity and explore antigen-specific tolerization in proof-of concept clinical trials in MS.

Keywords: multiple sclerosis,autoimmune disease,hla-class ii,molecular mimicry,t cell biology,t cell specificity,autoimmune pathogenesis