Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Assessing BRDF effects of sun-induced fluorescence for quantifying canopy-level photosynthetic efficiency (FLUORBRDF)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, 2009)
Start date: 2010-07-07
End date: 2012-07-06
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 153917.0
EU funding (EUR): 153917.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Over the past few decades, Earth-observation systems for land applications focused on deriving the type and/or status of green vegetation. Despite the fact that several missions are already dedicated to global vegetation monitoring, the derived information is mostly related to the amount of vegetation and not to the actual photosynthetic activity. There is, however, one additional source of information about photosynthetic activity in the optical domain that has not yet been exploited by any satellite mission. This source of information is related to the emission of fluorescence from the chlorophyll of leaves assimilating carbon. Measuring fluorescence from space would provide a direct measurement of the dynamics and actual functioning of the photosynthetic machinery. Within ESA’s FLEX demonstration mission, the University of Valencia undertook the first steps to acquire fluorescence measurements at canopy level. We propose a working package (FluorBRDF) that enforces a more robust spatially-explicit retrieval of fluorescence. FluorBRDF aims to account for bidirectional reflectance distribution (BRDF) effects, which is not only a function of sun-sensor geometry but also of the anisotropic properties of vegetation cover. Assessing and correcting for BRDF effects as induced by variations in vegetation canopy heterogeneity may lead to a more reliable measures. Challenges related to BRDF effect affecting the fluorescence signal brings us to the following objectives: i) to gain insights in the BRDF effects of the canopy-level emitted fluorescence signal on a theoretical basis using radiative transfer models, ii) to develop a methodology to correct for it. And finally, iii) to achieve higher accuracies of airborne fluorescence measures of heterogeneous canopies. This work will contribute to improved photosynthetic efficiency quantifications at canopy or ecosystem level.

Keywords: plant ecology,plant biochemistry,carbon cycle (climate change),landscape ecology (climate change),fluorescence
Dopant-surface interactions in silicon nanoclusters (SINANOTUNE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Portugal
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, 2009)
Start date: 2011-01-01
End date: 2012-12-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 148283.6
EU funding (EUR): 148283.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Silicon nanostructured films are promising materials for photovoltaic applications. By exploring confinement effects and changing the surface morphology, it is possible to vary the optical absorption threshold energy without the resource to different semiconductors. However, to exploit the potential of this class of materials, it is necessary to achieve a detailed understanding and control of n- and p-type doping. Here, a study of the interaction of dopant atoms with the surface of stand-alone silicon clusters is proposed. The investigation will be carried out using density functional theory electronic structure calculations, and observable properties will be applied to the interpretation of experimental results. The aim is to find the combination of dopant species, surface passivation and post-processing treatments that leads to optimum n- and p-type doping efficiency.

Keywords: physical sciences,nanostructures,silicon,doping,photovoltaics,modelling,density-functional theory
Probing electrically charged Higgs bosons at the CERN's Large Hadron Collider: a collaboration between theory and experiment (LHC-PHYS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IIF, 2009)
Start date: 2010-09-01
End date: 2012-08-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 240289.6
EU funding (EUR): 240289.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This collaborative project is in the area of high-energy particle physics phenomenology with the focus on electrically charged Higgs bosons. The proposal is a research programme where the applicant's expertise on various aspects of charged Higgs boson phenomenology in hadronic collisions is well-matched with that available at the host institution. The NExT institute has several leading world experts on the phenomenology of the Standard Model (SM) at present and future high-energy colliders both at the theoretical and experimental level (with groups working on the CMS and ATLAS collaborations at the CERN's LHC facility, where the aforementioned studies will take place). Moreover, NExT's mission is to promote fundamental research where theorists and experimentalists work together in the process of New Physics discovery, and the applicant is the ideal catalyst for this since his theoretical work has influenced experimental collaborations in the past. Hence this project will produce forefront research, mutually advantageous to both parties, based on a new raw model of a researcher with interdisciplinary skills. We are especially interested in the search for electrically charged Higgs bosons. Such particles are a necessity in numerous extensions of the SM which address its empirical and theoretical shortcomings. It is widely believed by contemporary particle physicists that the elusive Higgs bosons (both electrically neutral and charged) are potentially the key to answer the fundamental question of why elementary particles have mass. Their search is therefore the primary goal of the LHC. Overall, our aim is to contribute to a better understanding of the world of particle physics by performing, developing, and optimising both Monte Carlo and real data analyses to confirm or constrain such particles experimentally. This application is ideally timed, as the data-taking phase of the experiments at the LHC is due to start in 2010.

Keywords: particle physics,cern,proton-proton collisions,higgs boson,quantum field theory,computational physics
The Effect of Adding H2, CO, CO2 and H2O to Premixed Hydrocarbon Flames - Numerical Characterization and Modelling (EAP-FLAME)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, 2009)
Start date: 2011-08-24
End date: 2013-08-23
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 238789.6
EU funding (EUR): 238789.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

In order to meet the EU targets on renewable energy and greenhouse gas emissions, there is an urgent need to increase the use of renewable fuels such as syngas and biogas. In the mean time, the low efficiency and emission problems associated with non-premixed combustion systems are also driving the move away from such systems towards lean premixed combustion where fuel is mixed with excess air prior to combustion. Despite substantial progress achieved in turbulent combustion, there still lacks the understanding of the following four phenomena in the context of premixed mode: (i) development of flames (ii) influence of high-pressure on turbulent burning velocities, (iii) preferential diffusion effects which are most pronounced in mixtures that contain free hydrogen, and (iv) flame quenching by very intense turbulence is still poor and is the main fundamental challenge to premixed combustion science and technology. The project is aimed at numerically characterizing the burning behaviour of premixed hydrocarbon flames diluted by the addition of H2 CO2, H2O and CO and developing high fidelity modelling techniques to facilitate the study and design of practical combustion systems involving such flames. The main objectives are: 1) To carry out numerical investigations using the large-eddy simulation techniques on the aforementioned three important phenomena, i.e. (i) development of hydrogen blended premixed flames (ii) influence of high-pressure on turbulent burning velocities, (iii) preferential diffusion effects; 2) To develop a turbulent reacting flow model accommodating above first three phenomena, 3) To validate the numerical mdoel by using: experimental data of Gökalp’s group on lean H2/CH4/air turbulent Bunsen flames at various pressures up to 9 bar, the PSI group in Switzerland on dump combustor for ultra lean stationary gas conditions for pressures up to ~14 bar and high-pressure and high-temperature flame data with CO2 and H2O as diluents.

Keywords: chemical engineering,thermal engineering,combustion,chemistry,computational fluid dynamics,direct numerical simulation,large eddy simulation,hydrogen,blended flamed,hydrocarbon,natural gas
Privacy-Preserving Intrusion Detection and Response in Wireless Communications (PPIDR)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, 2009)
Start date: 2010-07-01
End date: 2012-06-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 165865.2
EU funding (EUR): 165865.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Wireless communication technologies have many advantages and broad applicability. However, their inherent vulnerabilities have serious security and privacy implications. Intrusion detection techniques can safeguard such systems and reduce the impact of malicious activities that cannot be prevented via cryptographic or other security measures. This research will investigate intrusion detection and response techniques in wireless ad hoc networks and especially WSN and RFID systems. In wireless ad hoc networks, the malicious status of nodes is uncertain. Thus, our research will focus on dynamical models for detection and for monitoring the network state. Our second goal is to respond to suspected intrusions in a way that optimally balances the promptness of warnings, the reliability of decisions and the network performance. We will use recent advances for sequential decision making under uncertainty to develop algorithms that can determine appropriate responses. Our third goal is to extend intrusion detection and response mechanisms to the adversarial case: i.e. the case where the attacker is behaving in a rational manner in order to more effectively evade it. Recent advances in this area make this a particularly interesting avenue of investigation. Our research will focus on making such algorithms practical and evaluating them in various traffic conditions and types of attacks. Because of the potential privacy implications of monitoring large numbers of users and network nodes our research will also devote considerable effort to safeguard the privacy of the involved parties and develop privacy-preserving intrusion detection and response systems, based on recent developments in the areas of privacy-preserving data mining, inference and database systems. The coordinator is an experienced researcher in the area of intrusion detection and security is wireless communications, while the host institution is one of the top ranked European research institutes in the field.

Keywords: privacy preservation,intrusion detection,intrusion response,wireless sensor networks,rfid systems,sequential decision making,reinforcement learning,game theory,cryptography
Mathematical models for diffusion controlled systems: diffusion on cell membrane, cluster formation and maintenance (MODELLING DIFFUSION)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Belgium
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IIF, 2009)
Start date: 2010-08-01
End date: 2012-02-15
Duration (months): 18.0
Total project cost (EUR): 161600.0
EU funding (EUR): 161600.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Assembly of transient and stable signaling platforms in the plasma membrane of cells has been implicated in functions as varied as death and survival, polarity, differentiation, migration, cell-cell communication, virus entry, exocytosis, endocytosis. Naturally, the assembly of signaling microdomains requires the use of most complex molecular mechanisms capable of transducing intrinsic or extrinsic information into the actual making of the domain. Consensus exist that the lateral diffusion and heterogeneity of membrane proteins is absolutely necessary. However, more and more data indicate that the clustering of specific proteins to form a signaling platform involves as well the free lateral diffusion of stable assemblies of sphingoipids and cholesterol (rafts). Despite their fundamental relevance for cell function, the basic events responsible for the formation and dynamics of membrane microdomains is not well understood. Mathematical models are very useful tools for describing diffusion processes in an inhomogeneous medium with some anomalies as well as self-organized systems. Hence, it is my plan to use mathematical models to study the formation of protein-lipid clusters and how normal diffusion on an inhomogeneous membrane can be modified. The formation of protein clusters is a necessary condition for cell polarity and it could be related with the generation of pattern. I will propose a Turing-mechanism model to know if it is possible to generate stable spatial inhomogeneity on the cell surface. In order to formulate the equations it will be needed to make some assumptions about the biological system. Made assumptions will be refused or accepted according to the comparative analysis between theoretical results and experimental data. My background in physics make me feel suitable for undertaking the task of modelling these features. The validation experiments will be performed in the laboratory of Prof. Carlos Dotti where I have chosen to carry out this project.

Keywords: diffusion,cell polarity,ageing,mathematical models,diffusion-driven instabilities,simulations
Synthetic lectins for beta-GlcNAc: evaluation of their potential biological applications towards O-GlcNAc-modified proteins (LECNAC)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, 2009)
Start date: 2010-05-01
End date: 2012-04-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 181103.2
EU funding (EUR): 181103.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins which play many roles in nature, and are important also as tools for biological research. For example, they are used to make fluorescent reagents which bind to, and thus identify, particular carbohydrate units, and also to make separation media which distinguish between differently glycosylated biomolecules. An important target for such reagents/media is beta-GlcNAc on serine or threonine (the O-GlcNAc protein modification). This moiety has been implicated in many biological processes and human diseases such as diabetes and neurobiological disorders. The lectins used to bind O-GlcNAc do not perform especially well, and the host group have shown that, remarkably, a designed “synthetic lectin” may be superior. The aim of the project is to explore this possibility, developing and testing biological tools (e.g. stains and separation media) based on the synthetic system. The research will involve international collaboration with five laboratories, two in Europe (Madrid and Leuven) and three in the US. The applicant will move from Spain to Bristol (UK) to carry out this research, while undergoing training in a variety of scientific and complementary skills (including during visits to two collaborating laboratories). The applicant plans a scientific career at the interface between supramolecular chemistry and biology (biosupramolecular chemistry). The project will expand his synthetic, organic and supramolecular chemical knowledge, introduce him to certain biological techniques (e.g. Western blotting, affinity chromatography and biological NMR), and encourage him to develop his independent scientific ideas. At the end of the Fellowship he will be well-positioned to apply for independent positions in the ERA. If successful, his research will have shown that synthetic receptors can complement proteins in performing complex and difficult molecular recognition tasks.

Keywords: synthetic receptors,glcnac,glycopeptides,glycoproteins,molecular recognition,multivalence,fluorescence,biosupramolecular chemistry,western blot,weak affinity chromatography,biological nmr
Public participation and urban transport innovation. The European light rail renaissance and user involvement, city revitalization, urban mobility agenda. (PUBLIC PUT IN MOTION)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, 2009)
Start date: 2010-05-01
End date: 2012-12-31
Duration (months): 32.0
Total project cost (EUR): 216782.0
EU funding (EUR): 216782.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Since the 1970s, we can identify a coincidence of four societal evolutions in cities throughout Europe: the emergence of new social movements (1), new forms of direct deliberative democracy (2), new emphasis for urban space and culture (3) and a renaissance of the urban tram (4). The research project focuses on the analysis of the mutual relations between tram revival and the three other societal developments, with a special emphasis on the emergence of participative democracy and passenger involvement in public transport. The empirical research of the project will be carried out in a comparative way, focusing on six European cities and thus six case studies to understand how in principle similar problems and tasks were identified and solved in very different ways. This 24-month training-through-research project will use methods from historiography and political theory in a comparative approach and in combination with participation theory, governance issues, the idea of Large Technical Systems and town planning. It starts from the concept that mobility research has landed in a cul-de-sac due to engineering, economic and planning approaches to transport studies. The results of my proposed study might not only be valuable for the historical and political sciences by providing comparative European insights, but they might also be highly relevant for the future planning of citizen and passenger involvement in urban transport forecast, governance and decision making. The aim of this project is both to achieve the research targets and to enhance the researcher’s profile, adding competencies on user involvement and public participation theory in the urban arena to his previous political and historical experience, guaranteeing him a professional maturity. This tuition and research path strongly presents elements of European comparative analysis, on a highly topical theme which has relevant implications for EC policies, culture, economy and investments.

Keywords: urban transport. public partecipation. user involvement. city revitalitation
Subjective Knowledge and Consumer Choice (SUBJECTIVE KNOWLEDGE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Re-integration Grants
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-RG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-05-12
End date: 2014-05-11
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Consumer knowledge of product category has been extensively investigated in consumer research. However, past research suffers from two major drawbacks. First, it focused on the impact of consumer knowledge on information search and learning, and thus very little is known about the direct impact of consumer knowledge on choice which is not mediated through information stored in memory. Second, the methods that have been employed were lacking. They were based on measurements and biased self reports of subjective knowledge (SK), or they used objective knowledge manipulations that have potentially affected participants’ available cognitive resources as well. The proposed research is designed to fill in these important theoretical and methodological gaps. First, we will examine the direct impact of SK on basic choice processes, such as choice conflict or choice over time, and the mechanisms that underlie these effects. An indication of such direct effects would imply that consumer knowledge may have a direct impact on choice, not necessarily through product information stored in memory. Second, we will use novel manipulations of SK which will ensure the credibility of our findings and may also be used outside the lab, in real consumer settings. The proposed research is also expected to have important practical implications. For example, marketers may focus on improving consumer SK using the cheap and simple methods proposed in the current research, rather than spend large amounts on expensive consumer education and advertising. Otherwise, if the current research reveals that high-SK people are less likely choose default options, policy makers may encourage employees to increase their retirement saving rate (rather than keeping the default rate, which is often quite low) by enhancing their SK about retirement saving. Given the theoretical, methodological, and applied implications of the proposed research the potential for publication and impact is extremely high.

Keywords: consumer choice,decision making,subjective knowledge