Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
OPTIMALITY PRINCIPLES IN RESPONSES TO ANTIBIOTICS (OPRA)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Austria
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG, 2011)
Start date: 2013-02-01
End date: 2017-01-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Antibiotics kill bacteria or inhibit their growth by targeting essential cellular processes. In response to antibiotic exposure, bacteria activate gene regulation programs that are specific to the action of the antibiotic. These responses to individual antibiotics are often well-mapped, but how do bacteria respond dynamically to drugs? And is this regulation optimized for survival and growth in the presence of the drugs? We propose an interdisciplinary experimental-theoretical approach to measure, model, and synthetically manipulate the regulatory response to antibiotics. Specifically, we will (1) use an automated robotic system, an Escherichia coli library of fluorescent transcriptional reporters, and RNA-seq to measure changes in growth, physiology, and global gene expression in response to antibiotics; (2) develop theoretical models of gene regulation and predict ‘re-wirings’ of the gene regulation network that would worsen or improve growth and survival under antibiotic stress; (3) use a synthetic biology approach to test these predictions and to quantify the extent of optimization in bacterial gene regulation. We will develop this approach using the powerful model system Escherichia coli and then apply our key findings to Staphylococcus aureus, a clinically more relevant pathogen. Our work will lead to the first quantitative genome-wide characterization of the extent to which microbial stress responses are optimized for responding to drugs. We anticipate that this knowledge can be exploited to improve drug treatments. The systematic fundamental research proposed here will reveal exploitable weaknesses in cellular responses to drugs. It will thus contribute to the alleviation of one of the most serious public health concerns of our time: the rapid spread of drug-resistant bacterial pathogens, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), which coincides with a dramatic decline in the rate at which new efficient antibiotics are discovered.

Keywords: systems biology,biological physics,microbiology,escherichia coli,antibiotics,gene expression responses,mathematical modeling,synthetic biology
Generalized Maps for the Analysis of 3D Shapes and Shape Collections (GEN-MAPS-3D-SHAPES)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG, 2011)
Start date: 2012-09-01
End date: 2016-08-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

In recent years there has been a considerable growth in the prevalence of digital 3D content. With applications in medical imaging, architecture, industrial design, entertainment and education, to mention just a few, there is a growing need for methodologies for scientific analysis of 3D data. In this project we will focus on an important problem which facilitates such analysis – creating informative, structure-preserving maps between 3D shapes. In many applications we are presented with a collection of related shapes, such as humans, animals, etc., and we need a way to map the shapes to each other. Such maps take all shapes to the same “common ground”, allowing the use of standard mathematical machinery for further analysis. Mapping between 3D shapes has been an active research area recently, however two aspects of this problem have not been thoroughly addressed. First, many existing methods assume little variability between the mapped shapes, an assumption which is not valid for most shape collections and might yield erroneous mappings. Second, almost all methods consider only maps between two shapes, disregarding the contextual information one can gain from investigating the collection of shapes as a whole. To address these shortcomings, we propose to design and investigate alternative map representations, namely generalized maps, which broaden the definition of maps between shapes. Our main objectives are to formulate the required design goals for generalized maps which address the shortcomings of existing methods, and to investigate one such specific representation based on a probabilistic formulation of the mapping problem. Combining the experience gained by the applicant during her postdoctoral period with the expertise in related fields provided by the host institution, will allow to advance the current state-of-the art in the shape mapping problem, as well as nurture collaboration with the applicant’s postdoctoral institution.

Keywords: computer graphics,geometry processing,shape maps,shape collections,generalized maps
Key insights into oxidation chemistry through synthetic systems: N2O activation with first-row transition-metals and O2 activation in heterobimetallic Fe-Ni systems (NEWOXMET)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG, 2011)
Start date: 2013-01-01
End date: 2016-12-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Oxidation reactions are one of the most important chemical transformations applied both in bulk and fine chemistry. In nature, this type of reactions is catalyzed by metalloenzymes which can perform highly selective transformations under mild conditions. Several bioinspired model systems have been developed but key issues remain to be successfully developed both from the catalysis point of view and also from the fundamental understanding of key reaction intermediates. In this project, we will tackle two of these topics. Activation of N2O with first-row transition-metals: nitrous oxide (N2O) is a greenhouse gas but it also constitutes an environmentally friendly alternative to the traditional oxidants used nowadays as it only generates N2 as waste. Despite being thermodynamically a potent oxidant, N2O is kinetically very stable. However, these kinetic barriers can be overcome through activation by suitable metal centers. In the present proposal we will activate N2O with mononuclear first-row transition metal complexes. The prospective species derived from this process will be used as oxidants for the selective oxidation of organic substrates. Fe-Ni heterobimetallic systems involved in O2 activation: heterobimetallic-O2 intermediates are of interest due to the possible “synergistic” effect of two different metal ions acting together. In addition, O2 activation at heterobimetallic complexes will result in novel chemical species distinct from homometallic species, and therefore they will exhibit new oxidation reactivity patterns that could eventually translate into novel selectivity. Here, we pursue the synthesis of heterobimetallic complexes involved in O2 activation combining iron and nickel. These species are prepared by reaction of a well-characterized and thermally stable nickel-O2 complex with iron(II) metal complexes. Although the reactivity of both independent components is already known, their synergistic action is envisioned to lead unprecedented reactivity

Keywords: chemistry,inorganic chemistry,oxidation,n2o activation,o2 activation,bioinorganic chemistry,heterobimetallic systems,homogeneous catalysis
Acquiring and Responding to the 3D World, Smartly (AR3WS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG, 2011)
Start date: 2012-11-01
End date: 2016-10-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Recent advances in sensors and imaging systems have greatly simplified scanning and acquisition both in terms of setup cost and acquisition times. As scanners and sensors become ubiquitous, efficient registration of multi-modal sensor inputs (e.g., images, 3D scans, depth scans), suitably representing them, and most importantly the ability to automatically reason and efficiently interact with the acquired data becomes crucial for enabling a smart world. We propose advances to all the stages of such a digital shape acquisition and analysis pipeline preparing us with tools necessary for appropriate use the stream of 3D content that is to follow in next years. More specifically, we propose to: (i) develop algorithms to efficiently combine photographs and 3D LiDAR scans for large scale acquisitions ranging from facades to city blocks, (ii) support analysis of the acquired scenes with man-made objects (e.g., mechanical parts and assemblies) to reveal underlying data decomposition and relations such as coplanarity, orthogonality, symmetry, regularity, etc., and (iii) use the extracted relations to support interactive navigation of the scenes for detecting damaged scene parts, plan building modifications and predicting possible functions of the individual segmented parts. The work will have direct applications in surveillance for assisted living, disaster management, emergency response, city planning, and also towards archival of historical data, digital restoration, and understanding of natural geometric growth processes.

Keywords: technological sciences,computer enginnering,scanning,acquisition,global relations,scene understanding
Women in the Boardroom: Institutional and Organizational Approaches to Gender Equality (BOARDEQUALITY)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG, 2011)
Start date: 2013-03-11
End date: 2018-03-17
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This project is a major study of women on corporate boards in Europe. It will answer 3 significant research questions: 1) How do different corporate governance institutions affect the number and role of women on corporate boards? 2) What is the link between the number of women on corporate boards and gender diversity at senior management levels? 3) What effect do affirmative action policies have on the number and role of women on corporate boards and on corporate reputation? The project will address these research questions at 2 levels of analysis: 1) It will provide an international overview of developments in the number of women on corporate boards and senior management positions in Europe, North America and Australia as well as the introduction of measures such as mandatory or voluntary quotas, targets and guidelines to improve women’s representation across national contexts. 2) It will examine detailed comparative case studies of the United Kingdom, Norway and Germany. These 3 countries represent the different approaches that can be taken to augment the representation of women on boards. In the UK, Lord Davies’ recommendations represent a voluntary approach. In Norway, a quota mandating that 40% of board seats in listed firms are held by women represents a regulatory approach with clear instructions and sanctions. In Germany, the decision to introduce a flexible quota represents a middle way between entirely voluntary and regulatory approaches. The results of this project will be valuable for both research and practice. Cross-national research in this field is rare, and cross-national studies combining quantitative and qualitative methods even more so. Understanding the impact of differences in corporate governance, the relation between women directors and women senior managers, and the effect of affirmative action policies across Europe contributes both to the creation of a more gender-equal society and to the formation of more effective corporate boards.

Keywords: gender studies,management studies,corporate governance,corporate boards,female directors,business ethics,corporate social responsibility,leadership,corporate reputation
Identifying genetic and microbial factors that promote intestinal inflammation and cancer using Drosophila (INFECTIONCANCER)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Cyprus
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG, 2011)
Start date: 2012-05-01
End date: 2016-04-30
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

My long term goal is to establish a network of bacterial factors and the host signalling pathways they modulate in wild type and mutated intestinal cells that predispose for inflammation and cancer. The work of my future team will ultimately lead to a deeper understanding of critical aspects of intestinal human disease, including inflammatory bowel disease and the intestinal tumor formation and metastasis. To rapidly assess numerous combinations of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory host genes, bacterial species and their excreted factors we will use in this proposal Drosophila genetics and transcriptome analysis, chemical treatments and microbiological assays to identify the host and microbial factors that mediate inflammation and predispose for cancer using Drosophila. Despite the physiological divergence that exists between vertebrates and insects, modelling of human diseases is possible because of the high degree of conservation between Drosophila and mammalian signalling pathways controlling inflammation and infection.

Keywords: cell biology,microbiology,genetics,innate immunity
ADVANCED METHODS FOR EVOLUTIONARY SEQUENCE ANALYSIS (AMESA)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Finland
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG, 2011)
Start date: 2012-03-01
End date: 2016-02-29
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Sequence alignment is widely used in molecular biology. Despite its age, the challenge is still not fully resolved: no method can suit all tasks, new approaches are needed for the evolving questions and even traditional methods can still be improved. Although many alignment tasks are related, some are based on incompatible principles and their need for distinct tools is not always understood. Evolutionary sequence alignment, the focus of this application, is a pre-requisite for all comparative analyses and needed e.g. in agricultural and medical research. The project aims at developing new methods for evolutionary and comparative sequence analysis using a novel approach of modelling data and considering evolutionary information. These methods target two current trends in sequence analysis, the increasing size of datasets and the specific properties of data produced on next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms, from several different angles. First, I will develop novel ways to extend existing alignments and compute very large alignments; second, by modelling the properties of NGS data, I will expand the possible applications of NGS methods in evolutionary analysis. The new methods are meant to replace my earlier approaches for phylogenetic sequence alignment and become internationally recognised tools in evolutionary inference. The proposed work consists of five sub-projects, each describing a specific use case. Methods 1 and 2 focus on evolutionary sequence alignment and inference of evolutionary change; Method 3 extends these to modelling of sequence features and their inference from data using comparative methods; Method 4 focuses on high-throughput sequencing data with a special emphasis on non-model organisms and the use of evolutionary modelling to exploit phylogenetic information; and Method 5 extends the ideas to large-scale analyses using computational speed ups. Especially Methods 3 and 4 will benefit from local collaborations at my new host institute.

Keywords: computational biology,evolutionary biology,molecular evolution,phylogeny,genomics,environmental genomics
Elucidating the relationship between heterozygosity and fitness in a natural marine mammal population (FURSEALFITNESS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG, 2011)
Start date: 2012-04-01
End date: 2016-03-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Many important fitness traits including longevity, reproductive success, parasite resistance, territory-holding ability, song complexity and even attractiveness often correlate with heterozygosity in natural populations. Where documented, such heterozygosity-fitness correlations (HFCs) have the clear potential to influence interactions between pathogens and their hosts and the evolution of mate choice. However, because most studies use only around ten neutral microsatellite markers, the proximate mechanisms underlying HFCs remain obscure. Fortunately, next-generation sequencing approaches now make it possible to sequence DNA cheaply and on a massive scale, allowing large panels of Single Nucelotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) to be developed in virtually any organism. By screening these in the Antarctic fur seal, a model system in which unusually high-quality measures of fitness are available, I will for the first time determine the mechanisms underlying a range of HFCs in a natural population and uncover actual genes linked to variation in key traits including longevity, reproductive success and attractiveness.

Keywords: natural sciences,biological sciences,biodiversity,zoology,biology,evolutionary biology,genetics,population genetics,genomics,ecological genetics,population biology,animal ecology
Current Account, Informal Economy and Fiscal Policy (CAINF)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Türkiye
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG, 2011)
Start date: 2012-04-01
End date: 2016-03-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The proposed project aims to develop an open economy model using state of the art techniques of dynamic macroeconomics that incorporates informal economy and fiscal policy. This model will be used to analyze the effects of the presence of an informal sector on the external balances of European countries, specifically how it affects the current account balance, productivity, competitiveness and the role of fiscal policy in an open, integrated economy. The questions that this project raises are: 1) What is the effect of the size of the informal sector on the competitiveness and current account balance of a country ? 2) To what extent it affects the relationship between fiscal policy and current account balance? 3) What is the optimal fiscal policy under the presence of an informal sector with a concern of resolving external imbalances? The objective of this project is threefold: First, a comprehensive panel data set will be collected which should at least include current account balance, gross national and domestic products, public and private savings, external debt and its composition, competitiveness measure, terms of trade, age-dependency ratio, informal sector size, government spending and tax revenue. Second, a rigorous empirical analysis will be conducted using the modern econometric tools of time-series analysis and dynamic panel data analysis in order to understand the relationship between informality, competitiveness and current account balances. Third, based on the results of the empirical analysis, a dynamic open economy macroeconomic model will be built which incorporates informal sector and fiscal policy in order to understand the economic mechanism behind the relationship between informality, external balances and fiscal policy which will shed light on the policy recommendations on the design of an optimal fiscal policy under the presence of an informal sector in an open-economy context.

Keywords: dynamic macroeconomics,current account balance,informal sector,fiscal policy