Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Information Extraction for Everyone (iEXTRACT)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Computer science and informatics
Panel description: Informatics and information systems, computer science, scientific computing, intelligent systems
Countries involved: Israel
Call: ERC Starting Grant (ERC-2018-STG, 2018)
Start date: 2019-05-01
End date: 2025-04-30
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1499354.0
EU funding (EUR): 1499354.0
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

Staggering amounts of information are stored in natural language documents, rendering them unavailable to data-science techniques. Information Extraction (IE), a subfield of Natural Language Processing (NLP), aims to automate the extraction of structured information from text, yielding datasets that can be queried, analyzed and combined to provide new insights and drive research forward. Despite tremendous progress in NLP, IE systems remain mostly inaccessible to non-NLP-experts who can greatly benefit from them. This stems from the current methods for creating IE systems: the dominant machine-learning (ML) approach requires technical expertise and large amounts of annotated data, and does not provide the user control over the extraction process. The previously dominant rule-based approach unrealistically requires the user to anticipate and deal with the nuances of natural language. I aim to remedy this situation by revisiting rule-based IE in light of advances in NLP and ML. The key idea is to cast IE as a collaborative human-computer effort, in which the user provides domain-specific knowledge, and the system is in charge of solving various domain-independent linguistic complexities, ultimately allowing the user to query unstructured texts via easily structured forms. More specifically, I aim develop: (a) a novel structured representation that abstracts much of the complexity of natural language; (b) algorithms that derive these representations from texts; (c) an accessible rule language to query this representation; (d) AI components that infer the user extraction intents, and based on them promote relevant examples and highlight extraction cases that require special attention. The ultimate goal of this project is to democratize NLP and bring advanced IE capabilities directly to the hands of domain-experts: doctors, lawyers, researchers and scientists, empowering them to process large volumes of data and advance their profession.

Keywords: information extraction
Transnational Security Law (TRANSSEC)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-03-01
End date: 2018-02-28
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Transnational law enforcement operations are on the increase. The current counter-drug operations in Afghanistan, the fight against piracy in the Gulf of Aden and law enforcement activities in the Democratic Republic of the Congo by UN peacekeepers are exemplary of this trend. In 2012, the United Nations Security Council - for the first time in its history - qualified transnational organized crime phenomena as 'serious threats to international peace' and thus paved the way for future transnational law enforcement operations on the basis of the UN-Charter. Yet, in spite of a rapidly growing corpus of international practice, transnational law enforcement operations remain poorly understood and insufficiently regulated, often to the detriment of affected communities and the long-term success of sustainable crime/threat reduction. Against this backdrop, the proposed research project traces and analyses the newly emerging legal regime of 'transnational security law', i.e. the rules applicable to transnational law enforcement operations. The research project takes stock of contemporary international (state) practice and analyses how the international legal framework is currently adapting to this new type of operation. On this basis the research project aims to deduce a set of legal principles governing transnational law enforcement operations with a view to ensuring their legitimacy and long-term effectiveness. Thereby, the proposed research project will make a significant and indeed foundational contribution to the newly emerging legal discipline of 'transnational security law'.

Keywords: transnational security threats,organized crime,piracy,drug-/arms-trafficking,terrorism,global security governance,law enforcement,human rights law,rule of law
Investigating Increases in Global Terrestrial Carbon Uptake During the Last Three Decades (IRACCS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-03-01
End date: 2018-02-28
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Since anthropogenic CO2 is the most important long-lived greenhouse gas causing climate change, improved understanding on how it cycles between the active land, ocean, and atmospheric reservoirs is a main concern for humanity. During the past decade, annual fossil fuel CO2 emissions have sharply increased at a rate of 3%/yr, almost doubling the rate of the prior three decades. To a big surprise, the corresponding increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations were relatively modest during this time frame. This coincidence has led to the hypothesis that the sharp rise in fossil fuel emissions and increase in sink strength especially since early 2000 may be a result of carbon sink processes that are controlled by the increasing emissions themselves, namely increased nitrogen deposition and a larger fraction of diffuse versus direct solar radiation from increased sulfate aerosol emissions. The objective of the proposed work is to estimate changes in global terrestrial carbon uptake over the last decades and attribute their cause(s) through a combination of observation-based and modelling approaches. We will investigate three main hypotheses in regards to increased terrestrial carbon uptake during recent decades, including (i) a progressive relaxation of climatic constraints on plant productivity including warming in northern temperate, boreal and tundra ecosystems and increases in rainfall rates over tropical savannas, (ii) increases in the fraction of diffuse/direct radiation associated predominantly with East Asian sulfate aerosol emissions that spurred plant photosynthetic rates, and (iii) increases in nitrogen deposition from East Asian fossil fuel burning that increased carbon plant uptake. This research is designed to improve our knowledge about carbon cycle feedbacks under climate change, a first-order uncertainty in climate models, leading to more credible projections of future climate.

Keywords: global carbon cycle,satellite earth observations,land surface models,carbon cycle climate feedbacks
Ultra-sensitive Nanoscale Potential Imaging (NANOIMAGE)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Proof of concept grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (ERC-2013-PoC, 2013)
Start date: 2014-05-01
End date: 2015-04-30
Duration (months): 12.0
Total project cost (EUR): 168187.2
EU funding (EUR): 149966.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The invention of new microscopy tools keeps transforming many areas of major economic importance. One example is the semiconductor industry, where sophisticated imaging tools are crucial for maintaining profitable high-volume manufacturing. State of the art tools are routinely used to characterize the dimensions and electrical functionality of manufactured devices, however, as device dimensions continue to reduce there is a perpetual need for the invention of new probing tools that could cope with the new challenges. The goal of this proposal is to make a Proof of Concept (POC) for a new type of nano detector and imaging apparatus, which addresses the future performance challenges for microscopy tools in the semiconductor, solar cell and novel materials industries. The nano detector is a spinoff from a unique nano-assembly technology developed in our ERC Starters project, capable of making the most advanced carbon-nanotube-based electronic devices to date. Based on this new nano detector we intend to demonstrate an imaging apparatus that enables ultra-sensitive imaging of electrical potentials on the nanoscale. The technology is foreseen to improve the current state of the art by orders of magnitudes. We will demonstrate detectors that operate at room temperature, work at high frequencies, are fast, accurate and inexpensive to manufacture - all desirable characteristics for rapid market adoption. In addition to the technological POC, the project comprises innovation protection tasks, the delivery of a relevant business model and networking actions for successful commercialization. The novel detectors would make a vast impact on an important productive sector in Europe. They will contribute especially to yield learning - necessary for maintaining the industry profit margins and competitiveness. The detectors also answer to the current nanoscale imaging challenges in most Key Enabling Technology fields in Europe.

Keywords: 258753
Statistical Network-based Inference for Proteomics Experiment Reasoning (SNIPER)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Proof of concept grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Countries involved: Belgium
Call:  (ERC-2013-PoC, 2013)
Start date: 2014-08-01
End date: 2015-07-31
Duration (months): 12.0
Total project cost (EUR): 167935.0
EU funding (EUR): 149800.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Experimental proteomics is a promising and growing domain, as state-of-the-art equipment allows for accurate, fast and environment-friendly research and diagnostics. However, current high performance experimental equipment is often complex, making setting up experiments and interpreting the results non-trivial. Currently available models often are inaccurate, consider a single experimental step in isolation, and don't adapt to the specific characteristics of the equipment used. This PoC project aims at offering software, support and training for experimental proteomics based on data mining techniques developed in the ErcStG project MiGraNT. This technology allows for accurately modeling the characteristics of the experimental steps and provides advanced global inference techniques which can be applied for designing experiments, interpreting results and other forms of support useful for scientific discovery and quality control.

Keywords: 240186
VIbration Analysis methodology for FUel Manifolds of lean burn engines (VIAFUMA)

Framework: FP7 — Cooperation
Programme: Joint Technology Initiatives (Annex IV-SP1)
Theme: Public-private partnerships
Destination: Clean Sky
Action type: Article 171 of the Treaty
Partnership: CLEAN-SKY (Art-185)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (SP1-JTI-CS-2013-02, 2013)
Start date: 2014-04-01
End date: 2016-12-31
Duration (months): 33.0
Total project cost (EUR): 897132.4
EU funding (EUR): 672849.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The objective of VIAFUMA is the development of a new and fully validated approach to predict the dynamic response of a lean burn fuel manifold system. Exploiting basic and detailed linear and nonlinear dynamic modelling approaches will allow feasibility studies of the design during the early development and enable detailed analysis and optimisation during the later design stages. The developed strategies will also help to reduce the weight of upcoming designs, leading to a lighter and more efficient jet engine. The outcome of the work will be new capabilities for the design of the lean burn fuel manifold systems with an improved reliability and life duration. At present there is no reliable analysis approach available for fuel manifold systems that could be used efficiently in an industrial environment. The main difficulty in formulating such an approach is the presence of the large number of components in the system, and a set of unknowns that all affect the dynamic response. A bottom-up approach is being suggested to overcome this difficulty. Starting with the analysis and testing of the basic components of the fuel manifold system more and more complicated assemblies will be gradually analysed and tested, to build confidence in the proposed modelling approach. Research in three main areas will be conducted i) a low fidelity modelling approach, based on shell and beam models and implicit nonlinear elements will allow fast feasibility studies of the system and will to avoid costly mistakes during the early design stages; ii) a high fidelity analysis approach using detailed 3D finite element models and explicit nonlinear elements will enable the accurate prediction of the response amplitudes of the system, allowing the calculations of the stress fields of the pipe work and high cycle fatigue behaviour of the assembly; iii) a test programme to provide validation data at low and operational vibration levels, to ensure the quality of the developed modelling approaches

Keywords: nonlinear modelling,dynamic response,lean burn,fuel manifold,test validation,3d finite element analysis
Link and Evangelize the FI-PPP from Europe to the world for the benefit of FI research and innovation and to the European industry business (FI-LINKS)

Framework: FP7 — Cooperation
Programme: Information and Communication Technologies
Destination: Pervasive and Trusted Network and Service Infrastructures
Action type: Coordination and support actions
Countries involved: Spain,France,Switzerland,France,Italy
Call:  (FP7-2013-ICT-FI, 2013)
Start date: 2014-06-01
End date: 2016-09-30
Duration (months): 28.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1738203.0
EU funding (EUR): 1400000.0
Participants: 7
Project status: CLOSED

While several studies recognized Europe as a leader in different research fields and as valid competitor to other world areas in many research fields, the status of affairs as regards commercialization of research results is lacking beyond to benefit European industry and European citizens. In the last three years, for the first time in EU Framework Programmes, Enterprises and Research institutions shared a great investment to move from research to commercial solutions under the umbrella of FI-PPP. FI-LINKS will support such action focusing on the process of evolving EU Future Internet research to a world-wide champion of Internet innovation. The process will take into account the specific business requirements of both large European industries and SMEs, share the results of the FI-PPP in the EU regional and extra-European context to encourage the adoption of FI-PPP results, and validate the long-term vision of FI-PPP. To achieve these goals, FI-LINKS will establish a number of worldwide and local links around the FI-PPP to support the research and innovation around the Future Internet. The links will have a two-folds purpose. On the one side FI-LINKS will benchmark the quality of FI-PPP technologies and business models against the equivalent research and innovation schemes in the US, Japan, Canada and the BRICs. On the other side, it will identify new EU and international stakeholder groups, currently not part of the FI-PPP programme, and support the transfer of knowledge and best practices from the FI-PPP towards the larger FI community, through different actions, including the organization of European-level conferences and workshops. The evangelization of FI-PPP to SMEs and web-entrepreneurs in Europe requires the endorsement and collaboration of different actors, going from the regional ecosystems, to the European and the international ones. These ecosystems will facilitate the knowledge transfer, and best practices from the FI-PPP to the extended FIcommunity

Keywords: link and evangelize the fi-ppp from europe to the world for the benefit of fi research and innovation and to the european industry business
Evaluation of Methyl-mercury production and decomposition by using Hg-197 radiotracer produced out of mercury enriched in Hg-196 isotope (HG-197 MEHG ASSESS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships (Return Phase)
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Argentina
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2007-4-2-IIF, 2007)
Start date: 2009-12-16
End date: 2010-12-15
Duration (months): 12.0
Total project cost (EUR): 15000.0
EU funding (EUR): 15000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Mercury (Hg) is in the form of monomethylmercury (MeHg) a biological neurotoxin, harmful to the wildlife and to humans. MeHg species is produced from Hg2+ by natural processes occurring within the water bodies. MeHg can also be degraded by natural processes; therefore, the net MeHg production arise form the combination of both kind of processes. The analytical tools to assess these processes consist in the use of labelled Hg in laboratory experiments to trace Hg transformations. One of the factors affecting Hg transformations is its concentration. MeHg production studies performed up to present in the water column are few and limited, due to the limitation of existing techniques in simulating natural levels or real environmental contamination situations that involve levels of Hg2+ from 0.1 to 50 ng.L-1, while most studies in sediments involve unrealistic Hg2+ additions, since Hg concentrations at natural or low contaminated levels range from 10 to 200 ng.g-1, with a bio-available fraction for MeHg production from 0.1 to 10 %. Recent collaboration between the author and the DES of the Jozef Stefan Institute (JSI), Slovenia, showed the feasibility of these studies using the short-lived radiotracer Hg-197 produced out of Hg enriched isotopically in Hg-196, allowing realistic Hg2+ additions to study MeHg production both in the water column and sediments. This project propose the development of analytical techniques to study de-methylation processes in water and sediments, by using traced MeHg in laboratory experiments. These processes are currently assesed using either C-14 and Hg-203 radiotracers, but the use of Hg-197 radiotracer will allow much lower MeHg additions, and hence realistic simulations of natural de-methylation processes. The project also consider the application of the Hg-197 radiotracer in the evaluation of MeHg production, including reduction of Hg2+ to Hg0, in different real situations in environmental studies on going in the DES of the JSI.
Aromatic Foldamers for Single Molecule Electronics (FOSIMEL)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships (Return Phase)
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: China
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IIF, 2009)
Start date: 2012-03-05
End date: 2013-03-04
Duration (months): 12.0
Total project cost (EUR): 15000.0
EU funding (EUR): 15000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Recent work has demonstrated 1°) the synthetic accessibility of rigid, rod-like, helically folded aromatic amide oligomers of very large size – up to 48 units, over 12 kDa, and 7 nm long; and 2) the ability of short segments of the same oligomers to transport electrons at very fast rates via a super exchange mechanism. This project plans to investigate the potential of such unusual synthetic objects as building blocks in molecular electronics. The research plan involves several parallel tracks concerning the synthesis of very long foldamers, their functionalization with electron acceptors and donors or with groups for surface attachment, and the physical studies of electron transport by these objects using photophysical techniques and single molecule studies on surfaces. The applicant has experience in organic materials for electronic applications. She will join, and bring her expertise to, a host laboratory in France specialized in foldamer design, synthesis and structural characterization. The characterization of electron transport will be carried out in collaboration with several other well established groups in the Netherlands. A return phase is programmed to the original Institution in China with which the host laboratory already possesses an on going collaboration on foldamer design and characterization.
The Middle Class, Civil Rights and Popular Protest in Urban China (POPULARPROTESTCHINA)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships (Return Phase)
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: China
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IIF, 2009)
Start date: 2013-12-21
End date: 2014-12-20
Duration (months): 12.0
Total project cost (EUR): 15000.0
EU funding (EUR): 15000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Since the Tiananmen crackdown in 1989, political reform in China has been put on ice. The one-party state focused instead on turning China into an economic powerhouse that is on track to overtake Japan this year as the world's largest economy after the US. For the EU, China is now its second most important trading partner. The world has become increasingly dependent on China for its economic growth. But for how long can China continue to enjoy the political stability that has underpinned its economic success and now underwrites global prosperity? Against a background of rising unemployment, a widening gap between rich and poor and rising expectations among its growing middle class, can the authoritarian regime continue to ignore popular demands for greater participation in politics ? The Communist Party is facing more and more challenges from an increasing number of popular protests and demonstrations that have spawned new social movements to fight for civil rights. Surprisingly, it is homeowners' rights groups in the cities that are in the vanguard of this new wave of protests. This project will create an alliance between one of Europe's top centres for research on China and the prestigious politics department at Renmin university to analyse how homeowners' rights movements are growing in China's constrained political context. This alliance is part of a plan build the China Policy Institute at Nottingham into Europe's leading centre for the study of democratization in China. The project will evaluate how homeowners' groups have become the unlikely successors of the democracy movement of the 1980s. The findings will enable Europeans to assess the prospects for peaceful democratic change in China, or whether to prepare for the unthinkable consequences of widespread disruption in the world's populous nation. The project will recommend actions that the EU can take to promote peaceful change and the development of China's civil society.