Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Microscopic transformations in arable land and shell midden habitation in coastal Northern Europe during the 4th and 3rd Millennium BC (MicroTRASH)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Social Sciences and Humanities
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2019, 2019)
Start date: 2021-01-01
End date: 2022-12-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 175572.48
EU funding (EUR): 175572.48
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The later fourth and third millennium BC in Northwest and Northeast Europe are a period characterised by important social changes, such as the migration of peoples, the emergence of new hierarchies, new ways of treating the dead, and intensifying exchange networks. At the same time this period often represents the final stage of a long-term economical process, the transition from a hunting, gathering and fishing economy to a primarily agricultural way of life. Several recent findings however show that this is not a one-way process, and especially in coastal regions a much more complex picture must be envisaged, even for this final stage of the Neolithic. Two kinds of archaeological phenomena, both often overlooked in scholarly debates, characterise this complexity: the (shell)midden and the arable field. Within MicroTRASH, these two phenomena are studied from a microscopic and a biochemical perspective. The scientific methods of micromorphology and lipid biomarkers enable a detailed disentangling of midden accumulation, shellfish consumption and arable land management (including manuring and irrigation practices) during this period. Additional use of absolute dating techniques and statistical modelling generate an increased temporal framework. This allows for a better understanding of subsistence practices, their temporality and the interplay between agriculture and shellfish gathering. In doing so, MicroTRASH is providing a better picture of coastal communities and their particular ways of life in Northwest and Northeast Europe amidst of the large-scale social and cultural transformations.

Keywords: coastal archaeology,archaeological science,neolithic,archaeological soil micromorphology,prehistoric subsistence
Innovative internal combustion engine that incorporates a unidirectional rotary design and obeys to perfection the Otto cycle giving it an efficiency of 78%. (Anyoon Rotary Engine)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Societal Challenges
Programme: Smart, green and integrated transport
Action type: SME instrument
Countries involved: Italy
Call: Small business innovation research for Transport (H2020-SMEINST-1-2015, 2015)
Start date: 2015-07-01
End date: 2015-12-31
Duration (months): 6.0
Total project cost (EUR): 71429.0
EU funding (EUR): 50000.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

The Anyoon Rotary Engine is a concept engine that incorporates a unidirectional rotary design and obeys the Otto cycle to perfection. The engine allows for all four phases of the Otto cycle to be optimised for better efficiency without losing power. Anyoon can boast an exceptional break thermal efficiency of more than 78%, achieved by: constant volume heat addition (CVHA); a higher expansion ratio; internal cooling by water injection. CVHA can provide 50% more power while using the same amount of fuel and thereby more efficient (15% of total fuel energy is gained). By implementing a higher expansion ratio, through the Atkinson Cycle, a 30% improvement in efficiency is achieved (9% of total fuel energy). The internal cooling by water injection creates an 80% improvement in efficiency by reducing cooling loss by 50% (15% of total fuel energy) and exhaust loss by 30% (9% of total fuel energy). Assuming the efficiency of the current petrol engine is 30%; the new engine can provide efficiency of 78% (50+30+80=160%). As affect Anyoon can reduce fuel consumption by 1/3 and Co2 emissions by 50%. Anyoon is being further developed within by SUMs who require furthering funding to: demonstrate and validate the performance of the engine in an operational environment; run a fully operational commercial pilot with fleet testing for product qualification; industrialisation of Anyoon, including the design for manufacturing and assembly and the optimisation of costs: and scaling up production to 20,000 units.

Keywords: engine,combustion engine,rotary design,innovative internal engine,otto cycle
Operator algebraic approach to topological phases (OATP)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Global Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Mathematics
Countries involved: Germany,United States
Call: Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships (IF-GF) (H2020-MSCA-IF-2014, 2014)
Start date: 2015-09-01
End date: 2018-08-31
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 257860.8
EU funding (EUR): 257860.8
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

Topologically ordered phases are a new state of matter, discovered only around the late '80s. In recent years interest in such states has sparked, one of the reasons being applications to topological quantum computing: the topological properties make the state robust against perturbations, making them ideal components in an environment where (thermal or other) noise is one's biggest enemy. By now there is a plethora of examples of topologically ordered states, whose only unifying feature seems to be that they do not fall into the Landau theory of phases. Although there are many examples, the mathematical framework to rigorously study such systems is less clear, in particular if one wants to consider both so-called long range entangled phases and symmetry protected phases. The goal of this project is to tackle this problem. The approach that is proposed is to use operator algebraic methods to focus on the algebraic properties of the observables in such systems. This approach has proved successful in algebraic quantum field theory. Using this attack the aim is to find tools to classify the different topological phases, and in particular find methods that are applicable a wide class of models, despite looking very different at first sight. These ideas will be tested on the wide range of topological systems that is available. The focus in this project is on stability properties on the one hand, in particular for invariants of topological phases, and the study of boundary theories on the other hand.

Keywords: topological order,topological phases,quantum spin systems
From processes to modelling of methane emissions from trees (MEMETRE)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Earth system science
Panel description: Physical geography, geology, geophysics, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, climatology, cryology, ecology, global environmental change, biogeochemical cycles, natural resources management
Countries involved: Finland
Call: ERC Starting Grant (ERC-2017-STG, 2017)
Start date: 2018-02-01
End date: 2024-01-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1908652.0
EU funding (EUR): 1908652.0
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

Atmospheric concentration of the strong greenhouse gas methane (CH4) is rising with an increased annual growth rate. Biosphere has an important role in the global CH4 budget, but high uncertainties remain in the strength of its different sink and source components. Among the natural sources, the contribution of vegetation to the global CH4 budget is the least well understood. Role of trees to the CH4 budget of forest ecosystems has long been overlooked due to the perception that trees do not play a role in the CH4 dynamics. Methanogenic Archaea were long considered as the sole CH4 producing organisms, while new findings of aerobic CH4 production in terrestrial vegetation and in fungi show our incomplete understanding of the CH4 cycling processes. Enclosure measurements from trees reveal that trees can emit CH4 and may substantially contribute to the net CH4 exchange of forests. The main aim of MEMETRE project is to raise the process-based understanding of CH4 exchange in boreal and temperate forests to the level where we can construct a sound process model for the soil-tree-atmosphere CH4 exchange. We will achieve this by novel laboratory and field experiment focusing on newly identified processes, quantifying CH4 fluxes, seasonal and daily variability and drivers of CH4 at leaf-level, tree and ecosystem level. We use novel CH4 flux measurement techniques to identify the roles of fungal and methanogenic production and transport mechanisms to the CH4 emission from trees, and we synthesize the experimental work to build a process model including CH4 exchange processes within trees and the soil, transport of CH4 between the soil and the trees, and transport of CH4 within the trees. The project will revolutionize our understanding of CH4 flux dynamics in forest ecosystems. It will significantly narrow down the high uncertainties in boreal and temperate forests for their contribution to the global CH4 budget.

Keywords: fluxes,process modeling,trees,greenhouse gases,methane,microbes,fungi,fungal decomposers,isotopes,molecular techniques,tree physiology,wood anatomy,methanogens,methanotrophs
Deforestation – Climate –Atmospheric composition – Fire interactions and feedbacks (DECAF)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Consolidator grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Earth system science
Panel description: Physical geography, geology, geophysics, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, climatology, cryology, ecology, global environmental change, biogeochemical cycles, natural resources management
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call: ERC Consolidator Grant (ERC-2017-COG, 2017)
Start date: 2018-03-01
End date: 2024-12-31
Duration (months): 82.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1965623.0
EU funding (EUR): 1965623.0
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

Extensive and ongoing tropical deforestation and degradation have important environmental impacts. Smoke aerosol from deforestation fires degrades air quality, but the effects are poorly quantified. Deforestation alters rainfall through changes in the land surface and through changes to atmospheric aerosol. The magnitude and the sign of the rainfall response is not clear, because of poor process-level understanding and because previous attempts have studied land surface and aerosol responses separately. The impacts of deforestation on atmospheric composition and climate cause a complex set of biosphere interactions resulting in potential Earth system feedbacks. These feedbacks have not yet been quantified and so their importance is not known. The full impact of deforestation on air quality, climate and the Earth System may have been underestimated because there have been no integrated studies of the combined interactions and feedbacks between deforestation and the Earth system. DECAF is the first integrated study of the combined interactions and feedbacks between tropical deforestation, fire, atmospheric composition and climate. To address this important challenge, DECAF will exploit new information from in-situ and satellite observations in combination with state-of-the-art numerical models. DECAF will deliver improved process-level knowledge of the impacts of deforestation on atmospheric composition and climate and a step change in our understanding of the interactions and feedbacks between deforestation, atmospheric composition and climate. New understanding will inform the development of climate and Earth System Models and will facilitate new climate and Earth system assessments.

Keywords: deforestation,vegetation fire,atmospheric pollution,climate,rainfall,land atmosphere interaction
Train pass-by noise source characterization and separation tools for cost-effective vehicle certification (TRANSIT)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Societal Challenges
Programme: Smart, green and integrated transport
Theme: Public-private partnerships
Destination: European rail initiative
Action type: Research and Innovation actions
Partnership: Shift2Rail (Art-187)
Countries involved: Germany,Spain,Spain,Sweden,Belgium,France,Netherlands,Netherlands,United Kingdom
Call: Noise & Vibration (H2020-S2RJU-OC-2019, 2019)
Start date: 2019-12-01
End date: 2023-02-28
Duration (months): 39.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1308718.75
EU funding (EUR): 1308718.75
Participants: 10
Project status: SIGNED

TRANSIT aims at providing the railway community with a proven set of innovative tools and methodologies to reduce the environmental impact and improve interior acoustic comfort of railway vehicles. Noise is one of the main environmental challenges for the railway industry. Currently vehicle certification and authorisation requires extensive measurement campaigns on dedicated test tracks, leading to high cost and time expenses. In the future virtual certification of railway vehicles and improved authorisation procedures should reduce these expenses. Furthermore, increasing energy efficiency of railway transport is a key goal of Shift2Rail and efforts are ongoing to reduce vehicle weight, e.g. by applying composite material technology in the design of the carbody. However, this could potentially lead to increased interior noise levels as sound insulation is inherently related to mass, hence compromising the interior acoustic comfort. In this project the next major steps will be taken towards virtual testing, enhanced flexibility and compatibility in authorisation procedures. This will be achieved by developing accurate and robust source characterization and separation methods and techniques, and exterior noise simulation tools that will facilitate virtual testing and more cost-effective vehicle certification and authorisation methods. Regarding interior acoustic comfort, innovative material designs to increase sound transmission loss and absorption will be developed, leading to an improved interior sound quality within the weight constraints. The TRANSIT consortium has been carefully selected to bring together universities, research institutes and companies with proven expertise in railway noise and vibration and in other important fields such as microphone array technologies and innovative materials. Most TRANSIT participants have been strongly involved in the reference projects Acoutrain and Roll2Rail and many other relevant projects.

Keywords: railway noise,passenger comfort,environment,simulation tools,standardization,source characterization,track noise,vehicle noise,innovative materials,pass by noise,tsi compliant
Highly Disruptive and Compact Antenna Systems for Small Satellites with Application to Surveillance, Environmental and Crop-Growth Analysis, Enabling European Union Dominance in the Space Industry (CSA-EU)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Information Science and Engineering
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call: Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships (IF-EF) (H2020-MSCA-IF-2015, 2015)
Start date: 2017-01-01
End date: 2020-02-28
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 195454.8
EU funding (EUR): 195454.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Compact satellites are transforming space-based surveillance systems. Typical configurations include a network of small satellites that can offer increased coverage and enhanced data collection rates when compared to conventional large scale systems. Microsatellites can also drastically reduce launching costs and mission development time, thus making remote sensing technologies more cost effective. Applications include vehicle tracking, weather monitoring, maritime surveillance, crop growth analysis, and climate change observation. However, with satellite miniaturization, new design aspects arise. All satellite components have to be cleverly packaged within a small payload and materials must accommodate the harsh operating environments of space. The objective of the proposed research program is to research, design and test some new and compact antennas with integrated feed systems for such microsatellites. High levels of technical engagement are expected with satellite companies within the European Union such as the European Space Agency, Clyde Space, and PocketQube Shop. The intent of the proposed research project is to also benefit from ongoing research within the Microwave and Antenna Research Group at Heriot-Watt University. This group has a track record of developing new and innovative antenna designs, feeding systems, and filters for space technologies while also working alongside industry experts, technologists, and government scientists. Previous and current industrial partners include Airbus Defence and Space, Bell Labs Alcatel-Lucent, BSC Filters, COM DEV, Samsung, Huawei Technologies, Selex, and Thales Alenia Space. Some recent projects include planar antennas for onboard satellite antenna technologies and power amplifier design as well as compact antennas for microsatellites. Some of these activities have won awards from the European Space Agency and The European Conference on Antennas and Propagation.

Keywords: antennas,microsatellite,microwave circuits,miniaturization,rf and microwave engineering
The Psychological Microfoundations of Knowledge Production in International Relations (MICROFOUNDATIONS)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Social Sciences and Humanities
Countries involved: Denmark
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2020, 2020)
Start date: 2021-09-01
End date: 2023-08-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 219312.0
EU funding (EUR): 219312.0
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

This project aims to identify and explore the underlying psychological mechanisms (or microfoundations) of knowledge production in IR scholarly communities in the South. Recent research suggests that the attention to non-Western intellectual production can elicit misrecognition and produce and a self-effacing stance. Research has shown that geopolitical changes in world politics impact not only what scholars in those regions think about the world but also have psychological effects on how scholars see themselves and the knowledge they produce about their countries and international relations. Material, socio-political, and geopolitical dynamics affect the conditions for intellectual innovation and knowledge production. States, however, do not produce knowledge; scholars do. Scholarly communities educate, inform, and influence policymakers —impacting either directly and indirectly on foreign and defence policies, the country’s behaviour in international politics, and more broadly, how power transitions are shaped. Studying the underlying psychological mechanisms of knowledge production offers an innovative angle to understand how scholars in emerging powers think the world, how they frame and disseminate their knowledge about the international, how they perceive other cognate scholarly communities, and more broadly, allow us a window to predict how IR knowledge will frame the future of international politics. To date, little work has examined the structure or psychological correlates of the knowledge production about the international. I fill this gap by combining sociology of knowledge and behavioural science. Across three studies, I explore how individual differences (e.g., personality, morality, values, prejudice, and stereotyping) are associated with knowledge production in IR. I focus on these because they have been studied most widely in social and political psychology, as my departing point to establish interdisciplinary points and to allow replicability.

Keywords: sociology of knowledge,emerging powers,non western perspectives on international relations,international relations theory,experimental methods,social psychology
MOBILIZING FOR BASIC INCOMES. SOCIAL INNOVATION IN MOTION (MOBILISE)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Career Restart panel
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Social Sciences and Humanities
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2018, 2018)
Start date: 2019-05-01
End date: 2022-06-30
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 304724.16
EU funding (EUR): 304724.16
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The research project “MOBILIZING FOR BASIC INCOMES. SOCIAL INNOVATION IN MOTION (MOBILISE)” investigates the role and influence of civil society organizations (CSOs) on the unprecedented launching of several Basic Income (BI) pilot tests across Europe. Rising levels of unemployment, poverty and increasing income insecurity in several European countries have prompted greater attention around innovative social protection schemes. Grassroots movements often pursue more universal social policies, yet their role and capacity to influence policymaking have been insufficiently studied to date. MOBILISE addresses this gap with a 36-month project that adopts a comparative research design, including two levels of analysis (local and national), and fieldwork in three EU cities. MOBILISE pursues three main goals: (i) to develop state-of-the-art research on the role of CSOs in the reforms of social policy in comparative perspective; (ii) to enhance the future career opportunities and inter-sectoral employability of the researcher through an effective two-way knowledge transfer with host and secondment organization; (iii) to produce and disseminate knowledge on the development of innovative social protection policies, thus contributing to the objectives of the ‘European platform against poverty and social exclusion’ (Europe 2020). MOBILISE achieves these goals through a comprehensive program providing excellent training-through-research and on-the-job skills development at the Université de Genève, and a secondment at the United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD). Furthermore, it includes an ambitious dissemination and communication plan to promote knowledge exchange between the researcher and partner organizations, as well as the production of practical knowledge that will inform both policy makers and CSOs at EU, national and local levels.

Keywords: basic income,unconditional basic income,social movements,political participation,social innovation,social protection,policy change