Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
An optical approach to next generation refrigeration (OPTAGON)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Future and Emerging Technologies (FET)
Theme: EIC Pathfinder
Destination: Novel ideas for radically new technologies
Action type: Research and Innovation actions
Countries involved: Finland,France,France,Netherlands
Call: FET-Open Challenging Current Thinking (H2020-FETOPEN-2018-2019-2020-01, 2020)
Start date: 2021-09-01
End date: 2025-08-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 3019590.0
EU funding (EUR): 3019590.0
Participants: 6
Project status: SIGNED

According to fundamental thermodynamics, using light as a refrigerant could allow new cooling technologies providing a much better alternative for the presently prevailing mechanical compressor based heat pumps and their all-solid-state thermoelectric counterparts. Recent evidence shows that such a break-through is already possible with the right combination of the latest innovations in lighting, photovoltaics and nanotechnologies. Addressing the challenges of stopping the use of polluting green-house gasses and reducing the rapidly increasing global energy consumption on cooling and heating, OPTAGON aims to demonstrate and harness the fundamental phenomenon of electroluminescent cooling to develop the first thermophotonic coolers. This opens an entirely new way to tackle the challenges of efficient solid-state cooling, enabling cooling solutions all the way from cryogenic coolers to domestic heat pumps. In a multidisciplinary cross-over approach we combine thin-film solar cell materials and light emitting diode structures with recently developed extremely efficient light extraction methods and emerging nanoengineering concepts using optical near-field effects to demonstrate the extraordinary prospects of thermophotonics. This creates a fundamental and cutting-edge line of research, development, and innovation targeting a solid-state cooling revolution with a scientific underpinning and addressing the urgent industrial needs for efficient cryogenic solid -state cooling. This project will combine synergies in theory, experiment and technology-development covering different fields from materials to photonics. The project partners, who are leaders in their respective fields, form a consortium that is uniquely positioned to achieve the ambitious objectives.

Keywords: electroluminescence,thermodynamics,photovoltaics,nanoengineering,optics
The European Commission in Drone Community: a New Cooperation Area in the Making (EU-Drones)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Social Sciences and Humanities
Countries involved: Belgium
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2016, 2016)
Start date: 2017-04-01
End date: 2019-03-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 160800.0
EU funding (EUR): 160800.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The objective of this research is to examine how the European Commission is shaping regulatory framework development, production and use of drones considering the diverging interests among actors concerned in Europe (and beyond) where multiple authorities overlap. A comprehensive analysis of drones operations as a whole, including actors’ perceptions, expectations, interests and practices is still lacking. This research will therefore study the European Commission’s strategy to join and shape the drone community (rule makers, interest groups, manufacturers, operators and users) as well as the impact of its action. Referring to the Commission’s policy entrepreneurship literature, it is interested in how the Commission, by building on its competencies and resources, has exercised its leadership capacity to initiate action in a new domain that may not fall de facto under its prerogatives and thus has an effect on a strategic industry. Based on a relational approach, the project will analyse the power structures (configuration of relations, diverging and converging interests, resources, skills), perceptions of issues at stake (discourses) and action rationale (cooperation dynamics, informal and formal practices, strategies and means) of actors involved in EU initiatives: the single drones market, the regulatory framework, as well as research and development. The research methodology will be qualitative and based on a triangulation of methods (documents, discourses and interviews analysis). In line with the researcher’s previous work on the Commission’s actions in the security sector, it will be argued that the Commission’s leadership in drone matters, regarding its market, regulation and development, offers a lever for action to strengthen its position in the field of security at the crossroads between all actors involved as a bridge between the internal and external security, civil and military dimensions.

Keywords: european commission,supranational policy entrepreneurship,drone community,field,security,civil and military actors,power struggles
Pareto-Optimal Parameterized Algorithms (PaPaAlg)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Computer science and informatics
Panel description: Informatics and information systems, computer science, scientific computing, intelligent systems
Countries involved: Norway
Call: ERC Starting Grant (ERC-2016-STG, 2016)
Start date: 2017-02-01
End date: 2022-01-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1499557.0
EU funding (EUR): 1499557.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

In this project we revise the foundations of parameterized complexity, a modern multi-variate approach to algorithm design. The underlying question of every algorithmic paradigm is ``what is the best algorithm?'' When the running time of algorithms is measured in terms of only one variable, it is easy to compare which one is the fastest. However, when the running time depends on more than one variable, as is the case for parameterized complexity: **It is not clear what a ``fastest possible algorithm'' really means.** The previous formalizations of what a fastest possible parameterized algorithm means are one-dimensional, contrary to the core philosophy of parameterized complexity. These one-dimensional approaches to a multi-dimensional algorithmic paradigm unavoidably miss the most efficient algorithms, and ultimately fail to solve instances that we could have solved. We propose the first truly multi-dimensional framework for comparing the running times of parameterized algorithms. Our new definitions are based on the notion of Pareto-optimality from economics. The new approach encompasses all existing paradigms for comparing parameterized algorithms, opens up a whole new world of research directions in parameterized complexity, and reveals new fundamental questions about parameterized problems that were considered well-understood. In this project we will develop powerful algorithmic and complexity theoretic tools to answer these research questions. The successful completion of this project will take parameterized complexity far beyond the state of the art, make parameterized algorithms more relevant for practical applications, and significantly advance adjacent subfields of theoretical computer science and mathematics.

Keywords: fixed parameter tractability,algorithms,computational complexity
Development of a Semi-Artificial Chloroplast (SmArtC)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Chemistry
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2019, 2019)
Start date: 2020-10-01
End date: 2022-09-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 212933.76
EU funding (EUR): 212933.76
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The transition to a green and sustainable energy-based economy is one of the most critical challenges of our society. In this line, the production of chemicals and fuels from renewable energy, CO2 and water as primary feedstocks is an attractive alternative to solve the increasing worldwide demand for resources. Taking inspiration from Natural Photosynthesis, where sunlight energy is stored into chemical bonds producing only O2 as a by-product, an appealing approach is the use of sunlight as a driving force to produce renewable fuels from CO2 and water using artificial photosynthesis (AP). Unfortunately, efficient CO2 reduction and water oxidation (WO) remain bottlenecks in the development of efficient AP. Particularly challenging is the selective CO2-reduction due to the number of accessible reaction pathways with a similar thermodynamic reduction potential. The current proposal aims to develop a semiartificial photosynthetic system to revolutionise solar fuel production taking the advantages of both biologic (selectivity and low energy barriers due to structural complexity) and synthetic molecular systems (efficiency and straightforward modification and study) and overcome the limitations of both worlds themselves. This is a unique approach where the combination of natural enzymes with artificial systems (metal catalysts, light absorbers and synthetic membranes) will lead to new solar-fuel production schemes not achievable by natural or molecular catalysts alone. As such, SmArtC aims to embed Photosystem II (PSII), in a membrane of a liposome and couple its WO activity with the photocatalytic CO2-reduction-to-methane reactivity of a highly efficient and selective dual photocatalytic system based on an iron porphyrin catalyst and an organic dye, also embedded into the liposome. This proposal would achieve the long-standing goal of the use of water as an electron donor, CO2 as primary carbon feedstock and sunlight as a driving force to produce carbon-based fuels.

Keywords: solar fuel production,co2 to ch4 reduction,hybrid molecular biologic systems,artificial photosynthesis compartmentalisation,semiartificial photosynthesis
Space-Time from Information Flow (Space-Time from Info)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Physics
Countries involved: Austria
Call: Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships (IF-EF) (H2020-MSCA-IF-2014, 2014)
Start date: 2015-12-01
End date: 2017-11-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 178156.8
EU funding (EUR): 178156.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The aim of this proposal is to develop a novel multidisciplinary approach to space-time physics which combines core features of quantum theory and general relativity by using modern tools of information theory. Recent results manifest a deep relation between space-time structure and the possibility of certain abstract quantum communication tasks. We shall build upon these results to identify precise operational conditions on abstract quantum communication which permit observers to describe their environment as a classical space-time. This procedure will be expanded to spatiotemporal structures in a semiclassical regime with an emphasis on how the feasibility of communication tasks is influenced. Exploiting these insights, we shall devise a novel framework for (quantum) gravitational physics to generating spatiotemporal structure from the internal information flow of an operationally defined network. This research programme may foster new perspectives on space-time physics by providing it with information theoretic foundations and is intended to complement, rather than compete with, already existing approaches to (quantum) gravity. The fellowship will reintegrate the researcher from Canada into the EU and, at the same time, support the cross-community move of a (quantum) gravity expert into a quantum foundations group. The proposed programme requires expertise from various disciplines in theoretical physics and will thereby diversify the competences of both the researcher and the host group, as well as expand their respective networks of collaborators. This action supports European excellence in science and prepares the fellow for a more permanent position by endowing him with crucial opportunities to train his mentoring, communication and networking skills and, ultimately, by allowing him to develop his own research programme.

Keywords: space time physics,operational approaches,general relativity,quantum theory,quantum gravity,information theory,space time constructions,correlations,information flow
Promoting patient safety by a novel combination of imaging technologies for biodegradable magnesium implants (MgSafe)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Innovative Training Networks (ITN)-European Training Networks
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Information Science and Engineering
Countries involved: Austria,Germany,Italy,Germany,Germany,Norway,Poland,Sweden,Switzerland,Netherlands
Call: Innovative Training Networks (H2020-MSCA-ITN-2018, 2018)
Start date: 2018-10-01
End date: 2022-09-30
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 3956398.56
EU funding (EUR): 3956398.56
Participants: 13
Project status: SIGNED

Biomedical imaging has gained a significant technological push and is the mainstay for diag-nosis and therapy monitoring. Still, imaging is yet not optimized for the new class of biode-gradable Mg-based implants. MgSafe addresses this point by training 15 ESRs in both, imag-ing and implant technologies. All ESRs will develop their individual Personal Learning Envi-ronment (PLE) and be trained based on the “T-skills concept” in technologies and transferable skills relevant for their career development and prepared to take over leadership positions in an area of tremendous research promises and clinical relevance where the lack for experts is severe and very well recognized. The ESRs will quantify the physical impact and suitability of a variety of modalities on Mg implants. Highly sophisticated imaging techniques (nano and µCT, MRT, PET, USPA, IR) will be developed beyond the forefront of medical device production in vivo and with in situ label-ling options to deliver non-invasively data on different time and length scales of the body reac-tion and material behavior during Mg degradation with a precision and plethora of details which is currently not available. Two Mg-alloys and CE-certified Mg-implants will be studied in rats and sheep. Dummy studies will be performed in parallel (following ASTM rules). The ob-tained multimodal imaging data will be combined with molecular biological/biochemical analy-sis, thereby increasing the information about physiological changes without using additional animals. An additional dimension will be added by the analysis of explants to obtain highest resolution chemical and material science data. All relevant biological and chemical in vivo and ex vivo data will be merged by computational 3D methods, simulations and machine learning approaches. The combination of these results will not only allow for an upscaling of the pro-cesses towards humans but will also deliver valuable data in terms of patient safety.

Keywords: cellular,molecular imaging techniques and biochemical assays,patient safety,degradation mechanisms of mg based implants in vivo,bone implant interaction,interface monitoring
Metaplasia as an adaptive response to chronic microbial infections (MADMICS)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy
Panel description: The immune system, related disorders and their mechanisms, biology of infectious agents and infection, biological basis of prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, innovative immunological tools and approaches, including therapies
Countries involved: Germany
Call: ERC Advanced Grant (ERC-2019-ADG, 2019)
Start date: 2021-01-01
End date: 2025-12-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2500000.0
EU funding (EUR): 2500000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

The epithelial surfaces are frequently affected by harsh encounters, thus it is not surprising that most cancers originate here. Several chronic bacterial infections have been implicated in human cancers, with Helicobacter pylori (Hp) representing the paradigm of a cancer-inducing bacterium. The gastric pathology of infection tends to progress from mild symptoms, via active gastritis, atrophy, gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) and dysplasia towards gastric adenocarcinoma. Intriguingly, GIM is usually cleared of Hp, suggesting this pathological state is not merely an intermediate stage towards cancer development, but can be viewed as a process of adaptive defence. Mutations in the tumor suppressor gene TP53 are frequent events of epithelial malignancy in numerous tissues. Based on compelling evidence from an analysis of congenic mutant organoids and related observations, I pursue the hypothesis that pre-malignant mutations in the epithelium arise as an adaptive response to persistent infections and thus constitute a novel layer of antimicrobial defence and tissue protection. MADMICs will have its main focus on the mutational and epigenetic changes associated with GIM and also touch comparable mucosal pathologies investigated by the PI in recent years. An apparent hallmark of such persistent bacterial infections and related cancers is their link to the function of tumor suppressor p53. MADMICs will capitalize on the PI’s profound experience with pathogens, primary cell culture and chronic infection models. Organoids from normal and premalignant human tissues and isogenic mutant organoids created via CRISPR/Cas9 will be used to explore host cell signaling and mutator pathways with regard to early cancer mutations and their antimicrobial effects. The study will illuminate an unprecedented mechanism of microbial defence from a number of perspectives and likely lead to a paradigm shift of our view on the link between adaptive host responses and early cancer mutations.

Keywords: helicobacter pylori,adaptive antimicrobial mutations,tp53,cancer
Renewable residential heating with fast pyrolysis bio-oil (Residue2Heat)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Societal Challenges
Programme: Secure, clean and efficient energy
Theme: Low-cost, low-carbon energy supply
Action type: Research and Innovation actions
Countries involved: Austria,Italy,Germany,Italy,Germany,Finland,Netherlands
Call: Developing the next generation technologies of renewable electricity and heating/cooling (H2020-LCE-2015-1-two-stage, 2015)
Start date: 2016-01-01
End date: 2019-12-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 5466478.75
EU funding (EUR): 5465728.0
Participants: 9
Project status: CLOSED

The overall objective of Residue2Heat is to enable the utilization of sustainable, ash rich biomass and residues in residential heating applications (20-200 kWth) to provide sustainable heat at a competitive price. In this concept, various 2nd generation agricultural, and forestry residue streams are converted into a liquid energy carrier near the biomass origin at an economic viable scale of 15-30 MWth using the fast pyrolysis process. Subsequently, the fast pyrolysis bio-oil (FPBO) is distributed to a large number of residential end-users. The FPBO should fulfill at least the draft CEN-specification for replacement of domestic heating oil and comply with REACH regulation. Additional quality control aspects for this application include the removal of extractives and solids from the FPBO. Ash is recovered from the fast pyrolysis process as a separate stream, and recycling and/or re-use will be evaluated in detail. Existing high efficient, condensing boilers are used as starting point in the project, as well as a proven, low emission blue-flame type burner. Within Residue2Heat technical development work is performed on the modification of such systems to enable FPBO as fuel. The emission control and energy efficiency of the heating systems are optimized by dedicated modeling of FPBO atomization and combustion kinetics, supported by single droplet combustion tests and spray characterization. This route benefits from the flexible nature of the fast pyrolysis process, allowing the use of various lignocellulosic biomass streams, but also by using modified residential heating systems for which manufacturing capabilities, market development and product distribution are already in place. Dedicated tasks are included to assess the environmental and social impacts, risks analysis and public acceptance. Additionally, business and market assessment activities are performed including specific issues on health and safety relevant to FPBO-fuelled residential boilers.

Keywords: fast pyrolysis,residues,residential heating,boiler,combustion,liquid energy carrier,renewable,2nd generation fuels
Advancing dryland ecohydrology: factors and mechanisms determining catastrophic shifts (ECOHYDRY)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Environment and Geosciences
Countries involved: France
Call: Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships (IF-EF) (H2020-MSCA-IF-2014, 2014)
Start date: 2016-03-01
End date: 2018-04-25
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 173076.0
EU funding (EUR): 173076.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The already fragile delivery of dryland ecosystem services to over two billion people is increasingly threatened by global environmental change. Understanding of factors and mechanisms that govern dryland dynamics and their response to changing conditions and pressure is therefore of utmost importance. The scientific aim of this Action, ECOHYDRY, is to address the ecohydrological processes that determine the stability, resilience and restoration potential of dryland ecosystems. The societal aim is to improve dryland management to navigate the risks and opportunities associated with global change impacts on drylands worldwide. ECOHYDRY will extend the theory of ecosystem structure-function relationships by focusing on the so far less-explored hydrological functions. ECOHYDRY will also contribute to the research field of catastrophic ecosystem shifts by investigating critical factors and processes such as functional diversity, ecohydrological feedbacks, and interacting pressures of different nature that have yet to be addressed. Part of the innovation in the project lies in a methodological approach that formatively couples mathematical models and manipulative experiments of dryland ecosystem dynamics. ECOHYDRY also seeks to systematically translate and share the research achievements through a novel participatory approach that effectively engages stakeholders in the knowledge management process. The multidisciplinary perspective adopted, combining dryland ecology, hydrology, and social sciences, ultimately aims to provide useful and scientifically-sound information to adapt and increase the resilience of dryland ecosystems to global change impacts, including reliable early warning indicators. In this way, this proposal directly addresses the two cross-cutting priorities of sustainable development and climate action established by the H2020 Work Programme and will reinforce the already large European competitiveness in dryland research and management.

Keywords: ecosystem resilience,ecohydrological feedbacks,desertification,plant functional diversity