Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
value-ALIGNed socio-technical systems using large-language models (LLMs) (alignAI)

Framework: Horizon Europe — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA)
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Doctoral Networks
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Social Sciences and Humanities
Countries involved: Germany,Netherlands,Denmark,Israel,Switzerland
Call: MSCA Doctoral Networks 2023 (HORIZON-MSCA-2023-DN-01, 2023)
Start date: 2024-09-01
End date: 2028-08-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 3693302.74
EU funding (EUR): 3576974.4
Participants: 13
Project status: SIGNED

Large Language Models (LLMs) are trained on broad data, using self-supervision at scale, to complete a wide range of tasks. Wider use of LLMs has risen in recent months due to applications such as ChatGPT. Although LLMs bring many opportunities to improve our everyday lives, the impacts on humans and society have not yet been prioritized or fully understood. Given the rapid development of these tools, the risk of negative implications is significant if LLMs are not developed and deployed in a way that is aligned with human values and responds to individual needs and preferences. To mitigate any negative consequences, academia, in close collaboration with industry, needs to train the next generation of researchers to understand the complexities of the socio-technical implications surrounding the use of LLMs. The alignAI Doctoral Network will train 17 doctoral candidates (DCs) to work in the international and highly interdisciplinary field of LLM research and development. The core of the project focuses on the alignment of LLMs with human values, identifying relevant values and methods for alignment implementation. Two principles provide a foundation for the approach. First, explainability is a key enabler for all aspects of trustworthiness, accelerating development, promoting usability, and facilitating human oversight and auditing of LLMs. Second, fairness is a key aspect of trustworthiness, facilitating access to AI applications and ensuring equal impact of AI-driven decision-making. The practical relevance of the project is ensured by three use cases in education, positive mental health, and news consumption. This approach allows us to develop specific guidelines and test prototypes and tools to promote value alignment. We follow a unique methodological approach, with DCs from social sciences and humanities “twinned” with DCs from technical disciplines for each use case (9 DCs in total), while the other 8 DCs carry out horizontal research across the use cases.

Keywords: llms,xai,cxai,trustworthy ai,ethical ai,value alignment,interdisciplinarity
Model Atmospheres of the Progenitor Stars to Supernovae and Black Holes: Finally in 3D! (SUPERSTARS-3D)

Framework: Horizon Europe — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Consolidator grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Universe Sciences
Panel description: Astro -physics/ -chemistry/ -biology; solar system; planetary systems; stellar, galactic and extragalactic astronomy; cosmology; space sciences; astronomical instrumentation and data
Countries involved: Belgium
Call: ERC CONSOLIDATOR GRANTS (ERC-2021-COG, 2021)
Start date: 2022-09-01
End date: 2027-08-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1995750.0
EU funding (EUR): 1995750.0
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

Stars with masses many times that of our Sun are the direct progenitors to cosmic phenomena such as supernova explosions, black holes, and gravitational wave (GW) sources. Through electromagnetic observations we obtain empirical information of such massive stars, however decoding the radiation reaching us through our telescopes is a highly non-trivial exercise. To constrain fundamental properties like temperatures, radii, chemical abundances, and mass loss, the observed radiation is fit by means of model stellar atmospheres. Observations and theory show that the radiation-dominated atmospheres of massive stars are highly complex, multi-dimensional systems. However, although 3D model atmospheres of sun-like stars have already been on the market for a while, for hot, massive stars we still rely solely on results derived from inadequate 1D simulations. This severely limits our knowledge of the basic physics of massive stars and our capacity to correctly interpret observations, thereby preventing progress also in the large number of astronomical fields (e.g., black hole and GW progenitor models) that rely on a firm understanding of the massive-star life-cycle. The time is now ripe to change this. Building on the unique expertise of the PI and his team, in a groundbreaking effort we will here develop the very first 3D model atmospheres for hot, massive stars with winds. SUPERSTARS-3D will fundamentally improve our physical understanding of massive stars, and revolutionize analysis and interpretation of their observed radiation. By further confronting our pioneering simulations directly to state-of-the-art observations, we will derive unprecedented constraints on evolution and end-of-life models. We will develop all new models in an open-source fashion and make them easily accessible for a broad community; as such, SUPERSTARS-3D will also provide the critical cornerstone from which a large number of future scientific programs undoubtedly will be built.

Keywords: radiation hydrodynamics,radiative transfer,massive stars,stellar atmospheres,winds and outflows,quantitative spectroscopy
Reactive Synthesis in Action (SYNTACT)

Framework: Horizon Europe — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Proof of concept grants
Action type: ERC actions
Countries involved: Israel
Call: ERC PROOF OF CONCEPT GRANTS1 (ERC-2022-POC1, 2022)
Start date: 2022-05-01
End date: 2023-10-31
Duration (months): 18.0
Total project cost (EUR): 150000.0
EU funding (EUR): 150000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Bugs in software systems pose a huge and growing cost on society, not only in economic terms but also in direct risk to human lives. Reactive synthesis is a new technology to automatically generate correct-by-construction software. Unlike testing and formal verification, which require advance investment in an implementation, reactive synthesis generates a correct implementation directly from its formal specification. Despite its potential to reduce software development costs and at the same time increase the confidence one may have in the correctness of software, to date, no application of reactive synthesis has been examined outside academic labs. The SYNTACT PoC will put reactive synthesis technologies to test in industrial beta-sites and will thus generate and disseminate knowhow on the use of reactive synthesis in practice, identify and address product and process obstacles, build a community of parties that are interested in the promotion and transfer of reactive synthesis technologies from academia to industry, and lay a foundation to guide future research, standardization, collaboration, and industry investment in reactive synthesis technologies. We expect the SYNTACT PoC to advance the state-of-the-practice in reactive synthesis and thus start paving the way for its adoption in industry. Its expected outcomes include several industrial systems that were developed using synthesis, case-study reports describing the beta-sites projects, training materials, new set of real benchmark specifications, estimations of the potential return on investment in deploying reactive synthesis, and draft standardization documents. As more and more aspects of modern life depend on the correctness of software, the SYNTACT PoC will directly introduce the reactive synthesis correct-by-construction new perspective and tools to the industrial settings, as a timely step towards its broad future adoption.
Mycorrhizal Types and Soil Carbon Storage: A mechanistic theory of fungal mediated soil organic matter cycling in temperate forests (MYCO-SoilC)

Framework: Horizon Europe — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Environmental B iology, Ecology  and E volution
Panel description: For all organisms : Ecology, biodiversity, environmental change , evolutionary biology, behavioural ecology, microbial ecology , marine biology, ecophysiology, theoretical developments and mod elling
Countries involved: Germany
Call: ERC STARTING GRANTS (ERC-2021-STG, 2021)
Start date: 2022-06-01
End date: 2027-05-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1499930.0
EU funding (EUR): 1499930.0
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

The world's soils are the largest terrestrial reservoir of organic carbon (C). Feedbacks between soil organic C and atmospheric CO2 will determine the future trajectory of climate change. However, predictions are largely uncertain because we still lack fundamental knowledge of the complex interplay between plants and microorganisms and its influence on C turnover. Most terrestrial plants live in symbiosis with mycorrhizal fungi. Previous work suggests that on a global scale soil C stocks are linked to the distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) or ectomycorrhizal (ECM) plants. To date, it is not clear whether there is a causal relationship between mycorrhizal type and soil C storage. Answering this key question requires novel concepts that consider the mechanistic link between short-term C fluxes from plants to mycorrhizal fungi and C storage as an emerging ecosystem property. MYCO-SoilC will yield a comparative, systematic understanding of the dynamics of C input by mycorrhizal fungi to soil, their effects on C turnover and their implications for C storage in temperate forests dominated by AM or ECM trees. Achieving this ambitious goal, which involves a multitude of processes on different spatio-temporal scales, requires the development of ground-breaking technological innovations. Key innovations of MYCO-SoilC are 1) real-time visualization of 11C allocation in plant-soil systems, 2) construction of the first moving greenhouse for 13CO2-labeling of mini-forests, 3) coupling of quantum dot nanotechnology with isotope labeling to visualize organic nutrient uptake by fungi, and 4) combining isotope analysis with biomarker approaches to quantify the fungal necromass contribution to soil C. The MYCO-SoilC approach bears significant conceptual and technical risks which are mitigated by a response plan with alternative routes. MYCO-SoilC will create substantial knowledge on mycorrhizal mediated C turnover and facilitate predictions of soil-climate feedbacks.

Keywords: soil organic matter mycorrhiza isotopes biogeochemistry soil science
Finding All Integrable Models (FAIM)

Framework: Horizon Europe — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Consolidator grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Fundamental Constituents of Matter
Panel description: Particle, nuclear, plasma, atomic, molecular, gas, and optical physics
Countries involved: Ireland
Call: ERC CONSOLIDATOR GRANTS (ERC-2022-COG, 2022)
Start date: 2023-09-01
End date: 2028-08-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1994849.0
EU funding (EUR): 1994849.0
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

Symmetry plays an important role in our current understanding of nature. For instance, in the development of the Standard Model of particle physics the understanding of the gauge group of symmetries was crucial. There is a class of models, called integrable systems, which have so many symmetries that they are exactly solvable. Such models have the exciting possibility to be understood in all aspects and thus give valuable insights into physical phenomena. In this way integrable models offer a unique approach to tackling open problems in physics, such as, for instance, describing strongly coupled systems. The aim of this proposal is to develop a new method to find and classify new integrable systems. Our approach is based on a new framework which was very recently put forward by the PI and his group. This new approach was applied to models that are closely related to regular integrable systems from string theory, quantum field theory and condensed matter physics. Several new models were discovered in this way but their physical and mathematical properties still remain to be understood. FAIM will be particularly focussed on models that have long-range interactions. These models are crucial in understanding strong coupling behaviour in for instance integrable models that appear in the AdS/CFT correspondence. Understanding long-range interactions is paramount to the computation of correlation functions in these models. Long-range interactions are also important for quantum systems in condensed matter such as cellular automatons. More generally, integrable structures appear in basically all areas of physics. For this reason, finding new integrable models and classifying them will have a large multidisciplinary impact, with exciting applications ranging from condensed matter to string theory. This will potentially help us understand physical phenomena in various different fields.

Keywords: integrable models,quantum algebras,gauge string duality
The Canopy of Heaven under a Microscope: Cataloguing Medieval Roofs (CaMeRoofs). Italy: the roofs of churches in the Veneto hinterland between the 5th and 15th centuries (CaMeRoofs)

Framework: Horizon Europe — Widening Participation and Strengthening the European Research Area
Programme: Widening participation and spreading excellence
Theme: Attracting and mobilising the best talents
Destination: Attracting and mobilising the best talents
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Social Sciences and Humanities
Countries involved: Cyprus
Call: Fostering balanced brain circulation – ERA Fellowships (HORIZON-WIDERA-2022-TALENTS-04, 2022)
Start date: 2023-11-01
End date: 2025-10-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 148488.0
EU funding (EUR): 148488.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

One of the most fascinating aspects of medieval churches are the complex wooden frames of the roofs and the ceilings or vaults that dominate the interior. Cataloguing Medieval Roofs (CaMeRoofs) provides a multidisciplinary research on the roofing systems (external roof; internal wooden supporting structure; ceilings and vaults) of churches built between the 5th and 15th centuries, with the goal of creating a digital geodatabase for the architectural-historical study, the history of restorations, the typological-structural classification, the cultural contextualization and the state of conservation of the roofs. This preliminary stage of the project will focus on a specific territory that has preserved several cases of original or, at least, largely intact medieval roofing systems, despite restorations or modifications: the hinterland of the Veneto region (North Italy). This area is unique in Italy for its peculiar position, because it has received diversified cultural influences through the centuries (from East to West up to Northern Europe), which favoured the creation of different types of structures. 12 major monuments will be analysed: in this way, it will be possible to have an exhaustive sampling of all types of roofing systems built between the Early Middle Ages and the Gothic era. CaMeRoofs has the ambition to be a pilot project in Italy: based on solid European research experiences in this field, the project aims at creating an advanced and generalized system for the study and cataloguing of medieval roofs that can be continuously implemented and which will benefit the documentation, conservation and management of medieval architectural heritage. In the long term, thanks to the collaboration of other researchers, it will be possible to use this geodatabase on a much larger scale to highlight diversity and aspects that unite, across space and time, geographically distant churches with the goal of creating a European corpus of medieval roofs.

Keywords: barrel vaults builders construction materials and techniques cross vaults dendrochronology domes geodatabase medieval roofing systems wooden ceilings wooden trusses 3d laserscanner
Atomic scale coherent manipulation of the electron spin in semiconductors (OneSPIN)

Framework: Horizon Europe — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Condensed Matter Physics
Panel description: Structure, electronic properties, fluids, nanosciences, biological physics
Countries involved: France
Call: ERC STARTING GRANTS (ERC-2022-STG, 2022)
Start date: 2024-01-01
End date: 2028-12-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1913122.5
EU funding (EUR): 1913122.5
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

Currently, a great deal of experimental research is dedicated to implement qubits on a wide variety of physical systems. In the last decade researchers have observed optically-active point-defects in 2D materials which serve as single photon sources and present spin-dependent optical emission, making them promising spin-photon interfaces. In parallel, new local probe techniques have been developed to detect magnetic resonance on single atomic spins, and more recently to demonstrate controlled charging and positioning of point-centres in 2D semiconductors. OneSPIN lies at the junction of these very active fields. Inspired by the opportunity that these recent findings bring, I propose to coherently probe single electronic spins localized at point-centres in 2D semiconductors and to engineer their atomic environment. The ultimate goal of this proposal is the demonstration of long spin coherence times for quantum information applications. To achieve this ambitious goal, I will develop a novel approach based on a unique scanning tunnelling microscopy technique which allows for the engineering, excitation and optical detection of single spin resonance. This approach provides a solution to the current lack of tools capable of simultaneously recording the atomic and electronic structure of defects, their optoelectronic response, and the coherence properties of their spins. Using this tool, it will be possible to not only determine the role of the environment on spin coherence, but also to engineer it by deterministically moving localization centres over the surface, creating tailored ensembles of localized spin states. I will use 2D semiconductors which, being chemically stable and “all surface”, are systems which can naturally be addressed, manipulated and engineered using local probe techniques. OneSPIN has the potential to open new opportunities in the fields of material science, quantum information and semiconductor-based quantum technologies.

Keywords: quantum technologies,2d materials,electron spin
Eye of Europe - The Research and Innovation foresight community (Eye of Europe)

Framework: Horizon Europe — Widening Participation and Strengthening the European Research Area
Programme: Reforming and enhancing the European R&I System
Theme: Reforming and enhancing the European R&I System
Destination: Reforming and enhancing the European R&I System
Action type: Coordination and support actions
Countries involved: Romania,Austria,Germany,Finland,Portugal,Italy,Czechia,Moldova, Republic of,France,Greece,Spain,Belgium,Slovakia,Hungary
Call: A strong European R&I Foresight Community to better inform R&I policy decisions in the European Research Area about potential futures (HORIZON-WIDERA-2023-ERA-01, 2023)
Start date: 2023-11-01
End date: 2026-10-31
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1998923.75
EU funding (EUR): 1998923.75
Participants: 19
Project status: SIGNED

Eye of Europe responds to the existing need of anticipating, exploring and co-creating future paths in, for and from Research and Innovation (R&I). Acknowledging the diverse and uneven capabilities and levels of institutionalization of R&I foresight across Europe, our Consortium builds on the experience of its 17 partners in order to coagulate existing energies and amplify them. The project’s goal is to nurture and mature an R&I foresight community with expanding levels of inclusiveness (from foresight experts, to foresight beneficiaries, to thematic experts and the broader audience of foresight enthusiasts, including civil society and citizens) and progressive levels of integration (from mapping organizations and experts, to sharing results, to developing shared capabilities, towards a collective intelligence). To this end, the project methodology is aimed at (i) consolidating the mutual learning and sharing of practices among foresight practitioners and R&I policy-makers, (ii) harnessing the expertise of thematic experts for the benefit of the community, (iii) mobilizing stakeholders in joint pilot activities and (iv) engaging an active, broad audience in co-creating and deliberating future imaginaries. Operationally, the project will establish and advance an online platform as the strategic home base of the community, with its resources and capabilities; engage relevant stakeholders in tailored face-to-face interactions; and promote futures thinking through educational and inspirational materials.

Keywords: randi foresight,randi policy,community building