Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Metabolite Modification in Hybrid Biological and Chemical Synthesis Systems (IVMMHBCSS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IOF, 2013)
Start date: 2014-03-01
End date: 2017-02-28
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 282109.2
EU funding (EUR): 282109.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This proposal aims to integrate the fields of synthetic biology and synthetic organic chemistry. This project aims to achieve this through the application of biocompatible chemistry: non-enzymatic reactions capable of modifying small molecules in the presence of a living system. The idea of using microbial metabolites as reagents for non-enzymatic transformations in the presence of the producing organism will greatly expand the range of organic molecules that can be accessed using natural and engineered living systems. We plan on applying a newly discovered engineered strain of E.coli that produces molecular hydrogen to important synthetic targets. We have demonstrated the use of this microbe in the presence of a palladium catalyst to hydrogenate a range of alkene- and alkyne-containing unnatural substrates. We propose to use this biocompatible hydrogenation reaction to the synthesis of industrially important advanced biofuels from biologically available starting materials. This would avoid the current need to extract the products of an engineered organism for further chemical manipulations, and would be the first example of the synthesis of these proposed molecules through purely biological means. Using bacterial olefin biosynthesis for the production of alkanes by interfacing single-/multi-system bacterial metabolism and a non-enzymatic, biocompatible hydrogenation reaction will represent an important advance in metabolic engineering and in biofuel manufacture. We then plan to develop a batch- or flow-reactor set-up in order to investigate the viability of advanced biofuel synthesis using an engineered microbe/non-enzymatic chemistry synthesis systems for the bulk production of these important target molecules.

Keywords: biocompatible chemistry,metabolic engineering,synthetic biology,synthetic organic chemistry,process development,new reaction technologies
Spatial and Orbital Light for Advanced Systems (SOLAS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IEF, 2013)
Start date: 2014-10-01
End date: 2016-09-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 221606.4
EU funding (EUR): 221606.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

SOLAS project targets the development of disruptive spatial division multiplexing technology merged with the radical new technology of orbital angular momentum fibres to deliver low cost, high capacity communication networks of the future. The proposed concepts will be implemented using spatial division multiplexing as the base technology platform along with orbital angular momentum fibres that provide greater total capacity than current single mode fibres. SOLAS aims to develop new and simplify existing subsystem technologies to allow for a smooth and efficient transition to communication technologies of the future while maintaining compatibility with existing technologies. Furthermore, it offers a continued European leadership in RTD photonics from components to systems, securing the necessary human resources and knowledge to design and produce a new generation of photonic components that support EU’s vision for ubiquitous broadband connectivity to promote European social and economic cohesion and prosperity.

Keywords: spatial division multiplexing,orbital angular momentum,capacity limits,advanced optical systems,sdm,oam,ring fibre,fibre networks,nonlinear optics,digital signal processing,coherent receiver
Regulation of gene expression in sebaceous glands (RNASEBGLAND)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Sweden
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IEF, 2013)
Start date: 2015-05-01
End date: 2017-04-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 206350.8
EU funding (EUR): 206350.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

In the pathogenesis of dermal inflammation, sebaceous glands (SGs) were considered as impotent players that are under the control of other cell types, but without any feedback on them. Only research of the past decade put SGs into our focus showing that besides their contribution to the lipid layer covering the skin surface and the hair, SGs are also capable of exerting inflammatory responses, thus providing an interesting cell type where lipid metabolism and inflammation is linked at a cellular level. The genetic programs responsible for the dual functions of lipid metabolism and inflammation in SGs can be regulated at various levels. Members of the DNA binding nuclear receptor superfamily such as vitamin D or the vitamin A receptors, the master regulators that sense the lipid environment and regulate different cellular functions via the regulation of their target genes, are expressed also in SGs although their cell specific effect on the gene expression was approached in only a limited extent. Recently, microRNAs, short non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression by binding to their specific target mRNA(s), representing another level of gene expression regulation, were also shown to be expressed in SGs, however, their function in SGs of skin diseases/skin inflammation is as yet unexplored. In the proposed study we aim to identify and link the genetic programs and their possible regulators in SGs that lead to their dual function of active lipid metabolism and inflammation. Furthermore, putting and comparing SGs in different disease specific contexts of inflammation such as acne and atopic dermatitis provides interesting models for dermatological research that may open many new avenues for understanding the role of SGs in disease progression and in the development of new therapies.

Keywords: sebaceous gland,microrna,mrna,gene expression,acne,atopic dermatitis,lipid metabolism,retinoic acid,vitamin d,p. acnes
Imaging Innate Immunity of Staphylococcal Infections (PSMS-IN-INFLAMMATION)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IOF, 2013)
Start date: 2014-04-09
End date: 2017-04-08
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 259582.5
EU funding (EUR): 259582.5
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Staphylococcus aureus community-acquired (CA)-MRSA strains are highly virulent and can cause infections in otherwise healthy individuals and are a leading cause of death worldwide. Innate immunity is our primary defense against invading staphylococci. Blood-neutrophils migrate to the site of infection where they, in concert with the complement system, engulf and kill bacteria in a process called phagocytosis. Especially CA-MRSA strains seem to be very efficient in circumventing this neutrophil killing. Interestingly, only a relative small number of virulence factors have been associated with CA-MRSA, one of which are the phenol soluble modulins (PSMs). In vivo models of experimental infection with PSM-mutants have shown a critical role for PSMs in skin and soft tissue infections. PSMs are small alpha-helical peptides which have two distinct functions on the immune system, in vitro PSMs can attract neutrophils in the nanomolar range, whereas in the micromolar range they are cytolytic for neutrophils. Recent publications suggests that these two functions complement each other for full staphylococcal virulence, although it seems counter-intuitive for S. aureus to actively attract its mortal enemy: the neutrophil. To make matters even more complicated PSMs are functionally inactivated by host serum lipoproteins, most efficiently by high density lipoprotein (HDL). The goal of this research proposal is to determine the mechanism of action for PSMs in staphylococcal disease. To this end, I will use genomic and proteomic approaches combined with cutting edge in vivo spinning-disk confocal microscopy, to dissect the functions of PSMs in host-staphylococcal interactions in; 1) neutrophil recruitment, 2) neutrophil lysis 3) HDL neutralization and liver pathology, 4) Evasion of PSM-recognition by FLIPR-L

Keywords: microbiology,phagocytosis,neutrophil,innate immunity,psms,staphylococcus aureus,mrsa
Advanced Processor Core for Space Exploration (APEX)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IOF, 2013)
Start date: 2014-09-15
End date: 2016-09-14
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 196456.2
EU funding (EUR): 196456.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The computing demands and the low power requirements of current sophisticated space missions are starting to exceed the performance capabilities delivered by state-of-the-art flight qualified processors, which indeed are several generations behind commercial counterparts. ARM processors are thought to be an alternative in the performance crisis that approaches the space computing field. However, these processors are currently not suitable to be used in space as they are not designed to tolerate high radiation doses and to perform functionalities required by flight missions. The APEX project is aimed at developing a space-grade ARM processor to be used in the computing systems of future space missions. It brings together the microprocessor design expertise of ARM Ltd. and NASA's Jet Propulsion Labororatory's (JPL's) expertise in radiation-tolerant design and spacecraft building. Namely, the project will study the ARM processor architecture to perform flight functionalities and to mitigate the effect of radiation and conduct research in the development of space-graded processor architecture to preserve the three key features of custom-off-the shelf ARM processors: low-power, customable and high-performance. This will be tested in the context of an instrument that NASA's JPL is planning to propose for multiple future missions to Jupiter's Europa moon, Trojan asteroid and Titan orbiter or lander, where the processing has to be done on-board due to low capacity downlink to earth and the radiation environment can be extremely aggressive such as near Europa. As occurred in the consumer market, low-power, low-cost, customable and high-performance space-grade ARM processors are expected to shape the future of the space sector, creating new opportunities for scientific and commercial exploration missions.

Keywords: future space missions,radiation tolerance,arm microprocessors,energy efficiency
The interplay between innate immunity and RNA interference in mammals (RNAI VS IFN)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IEF, 2013)
Start date: 2015-03-01
End date: 2017-02-28
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 309235.2
EU funding (EUR): 309235.2
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

In antiviral RNAi, the DICER (DCR) enzyme processes virus-derived double-stranded (ds)RNA into siRNAs that guide ARGONAUTE proteins to silence complementary viral RNA. As a counter-defense, viruses deploy viral suppressors of RNAi (VSRs). Well-established in plants and invertebrates, the existence of antiviral RNAi in mammals has remained unknown until our recent findings (from my first postdoctoral studies) that undifferentiated mouse cells infected with Encephalomyocarditis virus or Nodamuravirus accumulate 22-nt long siRNAs. These derived from viral dsRNA replication-intermediates, incorporated into AGO2, were eliminated in Dcr knockout cells, and decreased in abundance upon cell differentiation. We further showed that genetically ablating a NoV-encoded VSR that antagonizes DCR during authentic infections reduces NoV accumulation, which is rescued in RNAi-deficient mouse cells. We concluded that antiviral RNAi operates in mammalian cells. One of the key findings from this study was that antiviral RNAi operates in undifferentiated but not in differentiated cells. Our main hypothesis for this discrepancy is that, in mammalian cells, virus infection triggers other defense systems that are not sequence-specific by nature -such as the interferon (IFN) response- and that these defense pathway may mask the effects of RNAi. Accordingly long dsRNA-triggered RNAi is active in mESCs, which are known to be defective in their IFN response. Alternatively, DCR and/or its cofactors involved in dsRNA processing might be insufficient in differentiated cells. The aim of this proposal is, therefore, to establish whether antiviral RNAi can be revealed in differentiated cells genetically-deficient for different components of the IFN pathway and/or modified to express appropriate levels of factors involved in the processing of dsRNA. We hope to conclusively demonstrate that antiviral RNAi remains active in differentiated cells but is dampened by the superimposition of the IFN response.

Keywords: rna interference the interferon response innate immunity antiviral mechanisms virus
It takes two to tango: A longitudinal study of the development of infant-mother attachment and stress- regulation capacities. (ORIGIN OF ATTACHMENT)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Denmark
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IEF, 2013)
Start date: 2015-04-01
End date: 2017-03-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 221154.6
EU funding (EUR): 221154.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Infant attachment is one of the key factors for child mental health. Whereas secure attachment predicts social competence and resilience, insecure and disorganized attachment are risk factors for later mental problems. These long-term effects can be explained by the importance of early attachment for children’s stress-regulation capacities. Securely attached children are confident that the parent is available when needed, which provides them with an effective dyadic stress-regulation strategy: they can approach the parent for comfort and help in stressful situations. In insecure and disorganized children, effective dyadic stress-regulation strategies are undermined, because the child cannot rely on the parent for help. Dyadic stress-regulation strategies form the basis for later self-regulation capacities, which in turn play a major role for mental health. Despite this importance, the origins of individual differences in attachment quality are still not fully understood. Questions remain about the development of attachment relationships in the first year of life, and about which factors determine individual differences in attachment quality. Research has mainly focused on parental behavior, which, however, only explains part of the variation in attachment quality. This lack of understanding the underlying processes of attachment formation is termed the “transmission-gap”. Therefore, the overall goal of the proposed research project is a better understanding of the mechanisms of infant attachment formation and subsequent stress-regulation capacities by studying: 1) The “undiscovered” origins of attachment in the first year of life 2) The “undiscovered” role of the infant in shaping early attachment relationship 3) The role of early bi-directional processes between infant and mother for the development of stress- regulation capacities 4) The role of maternal postnatal depression in these processes to identify potential adaptive and maladaptive pathways.

Keywords: infant mental health,infant attachment,child stress-regulation,mother-child interactions,micro-behavioral analysis,postnatal depression
Frame Justification and Resonance in Conflict-related Discourse: Legitimation strategies in the public construction of collective conflicts (RECORD)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IEF, 2013)
Start date: 2014-09-01
End date: 2016-08-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 184558.8
EU funding (EUR): 184558.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Pacifying, containing, and preventing collective conflict is one of the key challenges for the peace project of European foreign and security policy. In this context, the symbolic, discursive and psychological roots of group conflict have recently come into focus: Collective conflict requires social support, including the willingness of constituencies to condone or participate in conflict actions, commit the necessary resources, and tolerate hardship caused by conflict. Strategic propaganda and the targeted infusion of media with conflict-related frames play a key role in rendering conflict actions palatable to domestic and international audiences. However, to date, we know virtually nothing about how conflict-related frames become established and dominant within a public debate, shaping the conflict perceptions of entire societies. To successfully counteract propaganda and incendiary frames, we need to understand how frames come to resonate within a public debate. This project analyzes how actors justify conflict frames and successfully embed them within public debate. It investigates how conflict frames mobilize common values, beliefs, and interests to appear legitimate. The project addresses the factors that shape the public resonance of conflict-related interpretations, and build societal support for hostile collective action. It builds upon trans-disciplinary research in communication, political science, and social psychology, and links in contributions from linguistics, sociology, and cultural studies. Its research interest derives from conflict prevention and peace studies, and addresses pressing theoretical concerns in the study of conflict and communication dynamics. Drawing upon Christian Baden’s expertise in dynamic framing in discourse, Tamir Sheafer pioneering work on frame advocacy, and the Hebrew U’s diverse research conflict-related discourse, the project advances research in framing and discourse and informs conflict management and prevention.

Keywords: frame resonance,frame building,conflict frame,justification,propaganda,political discourse,collective conflict,identities,values,collective memory,common knowledge,escalation,dynamics
BIOdiversity over Microevolutionary and Macroevolutionary scales: Evolutionary and ecological determinants revisited (BIOMME)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IOF, 2013)
Start date: 2015-02-01
End date: 2018-01-31
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 244233.3
EU funding (EUR): 244233.3
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Evolutionary biologists have long sought to understand the relationship between microevolution (processes within species), as observed in nature and the laboratory, and macroevolution (processes at and above the species), which occurs over intervals that far exceed a human lifespan. They have also long endeavoured to determine which factors – whether abiotic like climatic or geological changes (Court Jester), and/or biotic like species interactions, traits, or niche space (Red Queen) – govern biodiversity dynamics. The connection between these factors and processes within and among species has become a major source of dichotomy between population genetics and phylogenetics. This project constitutes a unique opportunity to address this gap and to assess whether similar evolutionary and ecological processes govern tempo and mode of evolution in swallowtail butterflies. The research will make four relevant contributions: (1) building a unique dataset for swallowtail butterflies that includes genomic, morphological, ecological, geographic and paleontological data to further investigate processes at each evolutionary scale; (2) using genomic data and phylogeographic analyses to test speciation theories by investigating the determinants of species formation within selected species-groups; (3) using the ecomorphological dataset and time-calibrated phylogenies to understand macroevolutionary determinants of large-scale patterns of biodiversity, and (4) using all the data to explore the link between micro and macroevolution in a novel framework. The University of Alberta and Real Jardín Botánico have a strong tradition of using large datasets to answer questions pertaining to patterns of evolution and ecology. Thus, the integration of many layers into a conceptual framework, at two institutions with a history of using advanced bioinformatic and statistical methods to address evolutionary questions, will provide an ideal environment to achieve these objectives.

Keywords: biodiversity,diversification,integrative approach,next-generation sequencing,abiotic and biotic factors,swallowtail butterflies