Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
What chemicals do for youths in their everyday lives (CHEMICALYOUTH)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Institutions, values, beliefs and behaviour
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (ERC-2012-ADG_20120411, 2012)
Start date: 2013-06-01
End date: 2018-11-30
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2489967.0
EU funding (EUR): 2489967.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The everyday lives of contemporary youths are awash with chemicals and pharmaceutical compounds to boost pleasure, moods, sexual performance, vitality, appearance and health. Nevertheless, most studies of chemical use among young people have focused on the abuse of specific recreational drugs and their role within deviant youth sub-cultures. Instead of explaining drug abuse with the purpose of controlling it, this project aims to examine the pervasive use of chemicals from the perspectives of youths themselves. It aims to understand what chemical and pharmaceutical substances, and not only illicit narcotics, ‘do’ for youths. How are chemicals a part of their everyday lives? What role do they play in calming their fears or in achieving their dreams and aspirations? How can we understand the ways in which chemicals affect their bodies and minds? The theoretical innovation promised by this project lies in its combining of disciplines – most notably medical anthropology, science and technology studies and youth studies – to formulate a new groundbreaking framework for understanding the complex sociality of chemicals in youths’ everyday lives. The framework will have both scientific and societal impact. Ethnographic research will be conducted in four medium-sized cities: Marseille in France, Amsterdam in the Netherlands, Makassar in Indonesia, and Batangas in the Philippines.

Keywords: medical anthropology pharmaceutical anthropology anthropology of global health
A Sociology of the Transnational Constitution (STC)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Institutions, values, beliefs and behaviour
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2012-ADG_20120411, 2012)
Start date: 2014-01-01
End date: 2017-06-30
Duration (months): 42.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1212670.8
EU funding (EUR): 1212670.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This project examines the societal pressures that shape the changing pattern of contemporary constitutionalism. In particular, it examines the rise of a transnational judicial constitution: that is, of a legal order, overarching national boundaries, in which, at different levels, judicial actors assume unprecedented authority to shape and conduct legislation. It is designed to produce the first macro-sociological explanation of the changing constitutional form of contemporary democracy, and it develops a unique sociological methodology for examining the rise of transnational norms and transnational judicial power. The project advances the distinctive thesis, first, that transnational judicial constitutionalism needs to be examined as a functional extension of classical constitutionalism. Further, it advances the thesis that the rise of the transnational judicial constitution is shaped – to a high degree – by forces within particular national societies, and it brings solutions for political-systemic problems embedded in these societies. Notably, the construction of a transnational legal domain performs vital state-building functions for particular societies, it acts to raise the autonomy of state institutions, and in many cases it forms the structural precondition of effective statehood. By examining the inner-societal origins of the convergence between national and transnational legal domains, the project elaborates a model of contemporary constitutionalism that calls into question widespread globalist preconceptions regarding the origins of transnational norms, and it proposes a sociological counter-thesis to common analyses of legal globalization. The project accomplishes its objectives by examining the impact of transnational legal norms on the structure of political institutions in eleven specifically selected polities: Chile, China, Colombia, Egypt, Germany, Poland, Russia, Tunisia, USA, UK, and Venezuela.

Keywords: constitutions,political systems,changing governance,rights
Human Volition, Agency and Responsibility (HUMVOL)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The Human Mind and its complexity
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2012-ADG_20120411, 2012)
Start date: 2013-06-01
End date: 2018-05-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1984927.0
EU funding (EUR): 1984927.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

At the heart of human nature lies the idea of a free agent, whose conscious thoughts and decisions motivate their voluntary actions, and who is therefore responsible for what they do. Voluntary actions can be defined as actions that an individual agent generates internally, rather than in response to any environmental event. However, the concept of voluntary action remains controversial, and lacks a scientific evidence base. Neuroscience rejects dualistic notions of ‘conscious free will’, and instead views actions as products of mechanistic brain processes, which are often unconscious. Thus, volition is often eliminated from psychology, or replaced with alternative, more behaviourist formulations such as ‘executive function’, or ‘reward-directed action’. However, the generative quality of human action, and the strong subjective experience of agency and responsibility for one’s own actions, still require scientific investigation. Even if we may not have conscious free will as envisaged, cognitive neuroscience has acquired appropriate methods to investigate and measure what we do have, and to explore implications for society. HUMVOL therefore aims to investigate scientifically the neural bases of human volition (Work Package WP1), agency (WP2) and responsibility (WP3). Subjective aspects are not neglected, because they may offer powerful cues to the mechanisms and functions of voluntary action. The core methods are behavioural, psychophysical and neural experiments with healthy volunteers. EEG and fMRI will allow direct measures of brain processes associated with volition, while subliminal priming and non-invasive brain stimulation will allow their direct manipulation. Mental chronometry and explicit agency judgements allow the impact of these processes on subjective experience to be assessed. Finally, interdisciplinary engagements will focus on how neuroscientific evidence could influence societal concepts of voluntary action, particularly in the Law.

Keywords: volition,action,agency,human,intention,social interaction,legal responsibility,binding
Heterogeneous Ad-hoc Networks for Distributed, Cooperative, and Adaptive Multimedia Signal Processing (HANDICAMS)

Framework: FP7 — Cooperation
Programme: Information and Communication Technologies
Destination: Future and Emerging Technologies
Action type: Collaborative project
Countries involved: Belgium,Greece,Switzerland,Germany
Call:  (FP7-ICT-2013-C, 2013)
Start date: 2013-10-01
End date: 2016-09-30
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1999111.0
EU funding (EUR): 1572969.0
Participants: 4
Project status: CLOSED

The project is aimed at developing a new ICT paradigm, which considers multiple heterogeneous devices that cooperate in multiple signal processing tasks. This is radically different from current ICT paradigms, in which stand-alone devices merely focus on individual tasks or multiple devices perform one joint task, e.g., in a wireless sensor network (WSN). Examples of the heterogeneous devices considered are tablets, smartphones, handheld cameras, active headsets and hearing aids. Each device is equipped with one or several sensors, e.g., microphones and cameras, as well as with computing and wireless communication facilities, and has its own signal processing task, e.g., a local signal enhancement task. The aim is to achieve superior performance in these tasks through cooperation amongst the devices, which then effectively act as nodes in a WSN type set-up, where each node contributes to the other nodes’ tasks. The main objective is to develop distributed, cooperative and adaptive signal processing algorithms for the acquisition, coding, processing, and in-network fusion of multimedia signals, in particular for the enhancement of audio and video signals. The algorithms are operated in a heterogeneous, ad-hoc and dynamic network, where each node has its own signal processing task as well as its own specific mode of operation. Furthermore, the algorithms should be scalable and require minimal communication bandwidth and power. As the network nodes may be selfish or opportunistic, general operating principles will be designed that provide incentives for cooperation. A general bottom-up design strategy will be adopted, rather than the usual top-down approach used in WSNs. The project will yield new theoretical frameworks for distributed detection, classification, estimation, coding, topology inference and cooperation strategies. In addition, two use cases are proposed in the context of audio and video enhancement, which will eventually serve as a proof of concept.

Keywords: distributed estimation,-detection,-classification,-coding,wireless sensor networks,multimedia sensor networks,cooperative communications,game theory,audio-,speech-,image-,video processing.
Testing the practice of Book Sprints as a new paradigm of collaborative writing for ICT researchers and innovators. (BS4ICTRSRCH)

Framework: FP7 — Cooperation
Programme: Information and Communication Technologies
Destination: Future and Emerging Technologies
Action type: Coordination and support actions
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (FP7-ICT-2011-C, 2011)
Start date: 2013-03-01
End date: 2014-05-31
Duration (months): 15.0
Total project cost (EUR): 268268.0
EU funding (EUR): 241232.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The objective of this program is to test the relevancy of one innovative collaborative writing methodology, the Book Sprint, in the context of the composition of scientific papers and books in the field of ICT research and innovation, and to assess the benefits and shortcomings of this methodology in comparison with the traditional writing practices of the sector. The methodology of Book Sprint has been created by FLOSS Manuals to dramatically accelerate the production of manuals for open source software. A Book Sprint is a collaborative process that brings together a group of 6 to 12 people to produce a book in 5 days or less. Book Sprints not only enable the production of high quality paper (through print-on-demand) and electronic books, they are also extremely efficient ways to capture the knowledge of a group of experts, and they also build very strong teams/communities. To test the relevancy of this methodology to capture knowledge in the field of ICT research and innovation, FLOSS Manuals will select researchers of the sector, focusing on the labs and institute already benefiting from FP7 grants, and convene 4 events of 5 days to produce books on selected topics, over the 12 months of the project. We believe that assessing this cutting edge collaborative writing methodology is relevant for a support action in the framework of Future and Emerging Technologies, as it aims to provide the researchers of the sector with a new and unconventional way to capture knowledge and build communities. If successful, this ambitious proof of concept would catalyze the transformation of the practices in the sector.

Keywords: booksprint collaborative-writing research-papers knowledge-capture community-building unconference
Asset Prices and Macro Policy when Agents Learn (APMPAL)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Individuals, institutions and markets
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (ERC-2012-ADG_20120411, 2012)
Start date: 2013-06-01
End date: 2018-08-31
Duration (months): 63.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1970260.0
EU funding (EUR): 1970260.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

A conventional assumption in dynamic models is that agents form their expectations in a very sophisticated manner. In particular, that they have Rational Expectations (RE). We develop some tools to relax this assumption while retaining fully optimal behaviour by agents. We study implications for asset pricing and macro policy. We assume that agents have a consistent set of beliefs that is close, but not equal, to RE. Agents are "Internally Rational", that is, they behave rationally given their system of beliefs. Thus, it is conceptually a small deviation from RE. It provides microfoundations for models of adaptive learning, since the learning algorithm is determined by agents’ optimal behaviour. In previous work we have shown that this framework can match stock price and housing price fluctuations, and that policy implications are quite different. In this project we intend to: i) develop further the foundations of internally rational (IR) learning, ii) apply this to explain observed asset price price behavior, such as stock prices, bond prices, inflation, commodity derivatives, and exchange rates, iii) extend the IR framework to the case when agents entertain various models, iv) optimal policy under IR learning and under private information when some hidden shocks are not revealed ex-post. Along the way we will address policy issues such as: effects of creating derivative markets, sovereign spread as a signal of sovereign default risk, tests of fiscal sustainability, fiscal policy when agents learn, monetary policy (more specifically, QE measures and interest rate policy), and the role of credibility in macro policy.

Keywords: learning,expectation formation,fiscal and monetary policy
The Macroeconomics of Inequality, Development and the Welfare State (MACROINEQUALITY)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Individuals, institutions and markets
Countries involved: Norway
Call:  (ERC-2012-ADG_20120411, 2012)
Start date: 2013-06-01
End date: 2018-05-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2154647.0
EU funding (EUR): 2154647.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This project will develop macro models with heterogeneity across people and firms to understand the consequences of two profound macro trends: the economic transformation of China and the rising cross-sectional inequality in many countries. The ultimate aim is to help these models become everyday tools in macro, development/labor economics, and actual policy making. Inequality and human capital accumulation is an important theme. I will develop tractable models of the equity-efficiency tradeoffs under risk and imperfect financial markets. Due to novel general equilibrium effects, progressive taxation is particularly distortive for education choices. This calls for complementary policies. I also explore the nexus between inequality and aggregate risk, the interaction between inequality and the dynamics of political conflict, and the puzzling success of the Scandinavian welfare model. The project will provide sharper tools for policy analysis. A key aim is to integrate models of mistakes into structural macro models. While such models generally assume rationality, welfare programs are often geared to precisely address negative consequences of human errors. Assuming information is costly, I will quantify bounds on rationality to match observed behavior. The framework has a wide range of potential uses. I will use it to reevaluate government programs. A large part of the project focuses on China. The rapid economic transformation of emerging economies has raised many new questions for economic theory and policy. I will marshal the use of models with heterogeneity to address these issues. A key goal is to develop a quantitative structural model that can become the benchmark model of fiscal policy analysis and long-run forecasts in China. As an application, I will study cost and gains of various redistribution programs. The project also aims at examining the sources of growth and inflation in China and, ultimately, understanding the culprit of the Chinese growth miracle.

Keywords: macroeconomics,inequality,taxation,china,social security,education,bounded rationality
When Authoritarianism Fails in the Arab World : Processes and Prospects (WAFAW)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Institutions, values, beliefs and behaviour
Countries involved: France
Call:  (ERC-2012-ADG_20120411, 2012)
Start date: 2013-09-01
End date: 2017-08-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1909856.0
EU funding (EUR): 1909856.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

For the first time in decades, ‘Arab revolutions’, ushered in by the 2011 Tunisian and Egyptian experiments, make it possible to seriously envision a phasing out of the autocratic machinery in the Middle East and North Africa. Whatever the end results of this awakening, the glimpse at a post-authoritarian era has already affected domestic and international political dynamics, if only by anticipation. Future is impossible to forecast, since the forces of resistance to change remain, but what can't be possibly questioned is that the region is undergoing profound transformations. While avoiding too speculative tendencies, it is this very change that the multidisciplinary team formed around the project leader proposes to look at, by analysing the double impact of the ‘revolutionary’ processes, first on the national politics of the Arab states and second on the international relations between the region and the EU, with due consideration to other key regional players, Turkey and Iran. On the Arab political scene, transformations imply new strategies on the part of actors: while the profile of the so called “twitter generation” remains largely unknown, former ruling parties go through a recycling process; Islamist trends are allowed to adapt their oppositional agenda, facing a leftist social rhetoric which may find itself reinvigorated. At the international level, if Arab elected politicians start to genuinely represent the will of their constituencies, they are also likely to be less complacent than their autocratic predecessors. Moreover, Turkey, that has been assuming a growing regional role, is likely to turn these changes into opportunities, while Iran will have to rethink its policy. Beyond inter-state relations, the evolving migratory system, changing symbolic status of Europeans stemming from Muslim background and shifting investment logics are among the transformations that the international research team, comprising of 15 researchers, is looking to capture.

Keywords: middle east,north africa,authoritarianism,social movements,islamism,migration,foreign policy
Integrated Solutions for Agile Manufacturing in High-mix Semiconductor Fabs (INTEGRATE)

Framework: FP7 — Cooperation
Programme: Joint Technology Initiatives (Annex IV-SP1)
Theme: Public-private partnerships
Destination: Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer
Action type: Collaborative project
Partnership: ENIAC (Art-185)
Countries involved: France,Italy,Italy,France,Netherlands,Germany,France,France,France,France,Ireland,Italy,Italy,Netherlands,Ireland,Germany,Italy,Netherlands,Netherlands
Call:  (ENIAC-2012-1, 2012)
Start date: 2013-01-01
End date: 2015-12-31
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 27654205.0
EU funding (EUR): 4077181.0
Participants: 28
Project status: CLOSED

European IC manufacturers are on the way to become suppliers of customized products for OEM companies, which means high flexibility and product diversity. The project aims at conducting research to support the development of new manufacturing procedures, new organizations and new information and control tools to enable IC production lines to efficiently manage a high product and technology mix and heterogeneous lots of different size and priority for development, engineering and prototyping. With the objective of developing innovative approaches and tools for agile manufacturing in high-mix environments, INTEGRATE aims at: 1. Integrating complex industrial constraints and new technologies in advanced models and methods to support their implementation, 2. Integrating decisions taken at different levels to support agility. Actually, the former IMPROVE project allowed developping the algortihms to make the move “from Reactive to Predictive Operations” (ITRS Roadmap). INTEGRATE will go further by addressing the needed improvements of the production environment allowing putting the pieces together and lifting them to the fab level. In both above cases, developing new research is required with strong links between industry and academia. In particular, INTEGRATE will take advantage of IMPROVE achievements to go further by tackling the challenges related to: • Integrating IMPROVE models and methods and proposing novel developments all over the fab to deliver on-target process control and improve WIP and Equipment management. • Transforming data and information collected in the line into sustainable knowledge (“knowledge discovery”) and integrating such knowledge in an improved line management (equipment, material, resources). • Increasing knowledge on process and equipment through integration and correlation with electrical data.

Keywords: manufacturing yield metrology dispatching