Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Microelectronic Single-Photon 3D Imaging Arrays for low-light high-speed Safety and Security Applications (MISPIA)

Framework: FP7 — Cooperation
Programme: Information and Communication Technologies
Destination: Components, systems, engineering
Action type: Collaborative project
Countries involved: Italy,Germany,United Kingdom,Italy,Israel
Call:  (FP7-ICT-2009-5, 2009)
Start date: 2010-06-01
End date: 2013-12-31
Duration (months): 43.0
Total project cost (EUR): 3401019.0
EU funding (EUR): 2632854.0
Participants: 7
Project status: CLOSED

MiSPIA will develop beyond state-of-the-art photonics technology for array imagers of smart-pixels able to detect single photons. Intelligent in-pixel pre-processing will simultaneously provide ultra high sensitivity (single-photon level), very high frame-rate (up to 200,000fps) and advanced multi-spectral (300-900nm) three-dimensional (3D) distance ranging and two-dimensional (2D) imaging of fast moving objects. MiSPIA detectors will be used in two key applications: long-range (200-1,000m) 2D and 3D active identification in low light level surveillance operations; and very fast (over 200fps) short-range (10-50m) 3D monitoring in automotive pre-crash safety systems. Instead of (slow and noisy) CCDs and CMOS active pixels (with poor sensitivity and noisy electronics), MiSPIA will exploit the ultimate performances of truly-single photon detectors: the Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPAD). MiSPIA imagers will be based on four different SPAD smart-pixels: “photon-counting” pixels for 2D imaging; LIDAR pixels for 3D direct “time-of-flight” (dTOF); two different phase-sensitive pixels for 3D indirect time-of-flight (iTOF) depth acquisitions. Full-size imager chips will be manufactured, characterized and eventually integrated into two 3D ranging cameras deployed into the two end-users applications for validation. MiSPIA technologies will be both highly-advanced and cost-effective: a high-voltage 0.35µm CMOS processing for front-side illuminated imagers; and a new flipped-chip Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) CMOS technology for back-side illuminated imagers. Both will prove beyond state-of-the art co-integration of photonic SPAD detectors and CMOS microelectronics for intelligent and dense 2D imaging and 3D ranging high-performance cameras. Such cameras will provide imaging at the quantum limit and on-chip pre-processing at the most effective speed at a drastic reduction of manufacturing costs, down to 5€ per imager chip. The developments of the MiSPIA Project will be published on the official website www.mispia.eu.

Keywords: single-photon avalanche photodiode spad,photon counting,smart-pixel,time-of-flight,3d ranging,2d imaging
Spin Transport in Organic Semiconductors (SPINTROS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Materials and Synthesis
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (ERC-2010-StG_20091028, 2010)
Start date: 2011-04-01
End date: 2016-03-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1283400.0
EU funding (EUR): 1283400.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Spintronics is an area of electronics that aims to exploit the spin of the electron. Although it is one of the areas selected to play a role in the post-CMOS electronics, spintronics still has to prove its full potential in many fields. A particularly important is the long distance spin transport and manipulation. Organic semiconductors (OSC) can play an important role in the development of spintronics as they have very small spin-orbit and hyperfine interactions, which lead to very long spin coherence times and make them ideal for spin transport. However, the basic mechanisms of spin injection, transport and manipulation in OSC are still obscure, thus impeding further advances in the field. The objective of this project is to understand and control spin transport in organic semiconductors. To achieve this ambitious objective we will employ a multidisciplinary approach, merging materials science, electronics and physics. In the two initial workpackages, we will study the unique combination of ferromagnetic spin-polarized injectors and OSC spin transporters, especially their energetic and magnetic interactions at the interface. We will also create optimized organic field-effect transistors (OFET) with nanometre channel lengths, the only device that would allow us to understand spin transport in a controllable fashion. In the third workpackage we will create and investigate the Spin OFET. Thanks to this device we will quantify the spin coherence length of OSC and we shall be able to control spin transport either by external (magnetic or electric field) or internal (crystallographic) effects. Finally, we will produce and characterize spin single molecular FETs. With this radical downscaling we will explore effects inaccessible in other transport regimes. For example, we will look at the direct coupling between the spin and molecular vibrational modes, or to the effect of the spin on the Kondo effect.

Keywords: organic semiconductors,single molecule electronics,field-effect transistors
Traffic Management by Macroscopic Models (TRAM3)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Mathematical foundations
Countries involved: France
Call:  (ERC-2010-StG_20091028, 2010)
Start date: 2010-10-01
End date: 2016-03-31
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 809000.0
EU funding (EUR): 809000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

We propose to investigate traffic phenomena from the macroscopic point of view, using models derived from fluid-dynamics consisting in hyperbolic conservation laws. In fact, even if the continuum hypothesis is clearly not physically satisfied, macroscopic quantities can be regarded as measures of traffic features and allow to depict the spatio-temporal evolution of traffic waves. Continuum models have shown to be in good agreement with empirical data. Moreover, they are suitable for analytical investigations and very efficient from the numerical point of view. Therefore, they provide the right framework to state and solve control and optimization problems, and we believe that the use of macroscopic models can open new horizons in traffic management. The major mathematical difficulties related to this study follow from the mandatory use of weak (possibly discontinuous) solutions in distributional sense. Indeed, due to the presence of shock waves and interactions among them, standard techniques are generally useless for solving optimal control problems, and the available esults are scarce and restricted to particular and unrealistic cases. This strongly limits their applicability. Our scope is to develop a rigorous analytical framework and fast and efficient numerical tools for solving optimization and control problems, such as queues lengths control or buildings exits design. This will allow to elaborate reliable predictions and to optimize traffic fluxes. To achieve this goal, we will move from the detailed structure of the solutions in order to construct ad hoc methods to tackle the analytical and numerical difficulties arising in this study. The foreseen applications target the sustainability and safety issues of modern society.

Keywords: hyperbolic systems of conservation laws,shock waves,vehicular and pedestrian traffic macroscopic models,finite volume numerical schemes,control and optimization problems
Virtual Embodiment and Robotic Re-Embodiment (VERE)

Framework: FP7 — Cooperation
Programme: Information and Communication Technologies
Destination: Future and emerging technologies
Action type: Collaborative project
Countries involved: Spain,Austria,Germany,Italy,France,Switzerland,Germany,Israel,Portugal,United Kingdom,Bulgaria,United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-ICT-2009-5, 2009)
Start date: 2010-06-01
End date: 2015-12-31
Duration (months): 67.0
Total project cost (EUR): 12429481.0
EU funding (EUR): 9498000.0
Participants: 16
Project status: CLOSED

VERE aims to carry out research on the fusion of the human body with virtual or physical surrogates. By fuse we mean that human participants would operate under the illusion that the virtual body is their own, or that they are actually in the physical space of the real world in a robotic body that they perceive as their own. As well as providing a radical extension of traditional virtual reality through the notion of virtual body ownership, VERE would pioneer remote body ownership, that is where the participant stays in a reclining and immobile position but operates a virtual or physical remote body via a brain and body computer interface (BBCI). This BBCI uses real-time EEG and other physiological data to infer participant intentions, and exploits machine learning to drive the virtual or robotic body. Two exemplary applications would be developed during the research: one in the context of gender-based domestic violence and the other to give physically impaired people such as tetraplegics the ability to operate again in the physical world through their surrogate. Both applications will be with domain professionals. There would be up to two further applications during the course of the project, managed by external groups who would submit proposals to the VERE consortium to exploit the technology for other unforeseen applications. The proposal is organised as eight scientific workpackages underpinned by one on the science of body ownership led by a team of cognitive neuroscientists. The work is informed by consideration of its ethical implications, and provides a testing ground for experiments in neuroethics. Moreover the work clearly has implications for the notion of self and consciousness, and one WP will be devoted to these issues. The proposal has been formed by a highly interdisciplinary group. It also draws on earlier FET projects IMMERSENCE and PRESENCCIA but opens the door to a radically new form of human-computer confluence with beneficial applications.

Keywords: body ownership,embodiment,agency,virtual reality,robotics,haptics,brain-computer interface,neuroethics,presence,immersion.
Origins of the Vernacular Mode. Regional Identities and European Networks in Late Medieval Europe (OVERMODE)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The study of the human past
Countries involved: Austria,Czechia
Call:  (ERC-2010-StG_20091209, 2010)
Start date: 2011-04-01
End date: 2017-03-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 999926.4
EU funding (EUR): 999926.4
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

Based on comparative studies and contextualisations of European vernacular religious literatures, this project aims at new insights about the dynamics of regional ( vernacular ) identity formation in the 14th and 15th centuries. The investigation will focus on intellectual elites linked in close, supra-regional networks, who gradually introduced the vernacular mode in the dominant theological discourse; at the same time, they increased the symbolical charge of the vernacular languages. The core period studied in the project will be the second half of the 14th century, a period in which new forms of institutionalisation and discursive orientation of ecclesiastic and lay powers began to take shape, and directions were taken that should prove decisive for further development. At the time, Prague was the political and intellectual centre of the Holy Roman Empire, but its international impact is grossly understudied. The project will therefore mainly deal with the rich and little-known production of Czech religious literature. It sets out to reconstruct the personal networks engaged in the creation, translation and propagation of vernacular religious literature, and in the formation of textual communities and cultural identities at the treshold from Latin to the vernaculars.

Keywords: vernacular literature,translation,religious communication,social change,late medieval theology and pastoral care,manuscript culture
Economic Cycles, Employment and Health: Disentangling Causal Pathways in a Cross-National Study (HEALTHCYCLE)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Institutions, values, beliefs and behaviour
Countries involved: United Kingdom,Netherlands
Call:  (ERC-2010-StG_20091209, 2010)
Start date: 2011-04-01
End date: 2016-03-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1273280.0
EU funding (EUR): 1273280.0
Participants: 4
Project status: CLOSED

Research in economics suggests that business cycles are associated with population health: Physical health deteriorates during economic expansions and improves during recessions. At odds with these findings, research in epidemiology and sociology suggests that individual unemployment and job insecurity are associated with poor health and higher mortality. While studies on the impact of economic cycles have been hampered by the lack individual data to unravel causal pathways, employment studies have not adequately controlled for health selection effects when examining causality. This project aims to advancing understanding by exploiting historical fluctuations in the economy as exogenous shocks to identify causal effects of individual unemployment and job insecurity on health, disentangling the pathways that link business cycles, employment and health. Specifically, this study will assess whether patterns of individual employment induced by economic cycles during the last 50 years are associated with life-course health in 18 countries. The approach is based on a unique linkage of historical data on macro-economic cycles with (a) detailed life history event micro-data on employment and health in 18 countries recently collected in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), the English Longitudinal study of Ageing (ELSA) and the US Health and Retirement Survey (HRS); and (b) mortality registry data individually linked to occupational histories from national census for entire populations in five European countries in the period 1960-2005. The project integrates insights and methodologies from sociology, epidemiology and economics, elucidating the pathways through which economic fluctuations influence health in societies with different institutions.

Keywords: unemployment,job security,business cycles,population health
Coordination by Evaluations and Valuations: Market Logic Inside and Outside the Economy (CEV)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Institutions, values, beliefs and behaviour
Countries involved: Sweden,Sweden
Call:  (ERC-2010-StG_20091209, 2010)
Start date: 2011-03-01
End date: 2016-02-29
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1476251.0
EU funding (EUR): 1476251.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

This project studies evaluation and valuation as ways of coordinating actors and resources. Valuation is the ascribing of value to people, organizations, things and events given that there is no standard of value. Evaluation is judging according to an already existing value-standard. Valuation and evaluation are ways of ranking and thus ordering of objects . Markets are examples of economic social formations in which valuations and evaluations are the foundation for the choices made. Valuation and evaluation are important means of coordination also outside of the economy, in competitions (e.g., sports), reviews (e.g., books), and auditing (e.g., of ethical conduct). This project is motivated by evaluation and valuation as increasingly influential ways of coordinating social life. Choices based on evaluation have gradually replaced networks and hierarchies as the preferred coordination form, but processes of valuation or evaluation are not well-understood. The overarching research question of this project is: how do processes of coordination based on valuations function? By understanding these processes can we analyze the consequences of coordinated by the means of evaluation in different spheres of life. It is also the foundation for policy suggestions. The proposed project uses theoretical insights about market elements in economics and sociology and on the relational sociological literature on social formations. Empirical sub-projects are designed to facilitate comparison, to establish validated conclusions and to promote theory development. This project opens up a new avenue of research of coordination based on valuation and evaluation. It will lead to the establishment a high quality research group located at the frontiers of social science.

Keywords: economic sociology,evaluation,market,social formation,social theory ("ethnography" is not apt as the main category)
The Ecology of Crusading: The Environmental Impact of Conquest, Colonisation and Religious Conversion in the Medieval Baltic (TEC)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The study of the human past
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2010-StG_20091209, 2010)
Start date: 2010-10-01
End date: 2014-09-30
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1199909.0
EU funding (EUR): 1199909.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The crusades waged against pagans in the Baltic region from the late-12th century AD proved far more successful than those fought in the Middle East. They had a significant impact on the region characterised as a cultural frontier which came to be dominated by crusading institutions into the 16th century and are fundamental to understanding the development and consolidation of a European society, united under Christianity. Recent pilot projects directed by Pluskowski, focusing on castle sites in Poland and Estonia, have suggested the crusading period coincides with an 'ecological watershed' in the exploitation of plant and animal resources, representing a significant human impact on the environment in this region. This project builds on these initial findings, addressing a fundamental gap in our understanding of the process of Europeanisation in the medieval Baltic. It will investigate the extent to which the crusading movement in this frontier region represented a force of ecological transformation. This will be assessed by tracking changes in local environments the exploitation of animals, plants and landscapes around castles built by the Teutonic Order, an institution which embodied the crusading movement. An initial survey will evaluate six castles in north Poland, Estonia and Latvia. Following this, two sites will be targeted with a systematic sampling strategy aimed at recovering material culture and a high density of plant and animal remains associated with occupation sequences. Environmental data will also be extracted from the hinterlands of these sites. This will be integrated with written sources in order to assess the full extent of the ecological transformations resulting from the introduction of these European structures into this frontier region.

Keywords: historical ecology,crusading studies
Between Direct and Indirect Discourse: Shifting Perspective in Blended Discourse (BLENDS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The Human Mind and its complexity
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (ERC-2010-StG_20091209, 2010)
Start date: 2011-03-01
End date: 2016-08-31
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 677253.6
EU funding (EUR): 677253.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

A fundamental feature of language is that it allows us to reproduce what others have said. It is traditionally assumed that there are two ways of doing this: direct discourse, where you preserve the original speech act verbatim, and indirect discourse, where you paraphrase it in your own words. In accordance with this dichotomy, linguists have posited a number of universal characteristics to distinguish the two modes. At the same time, we are seeing more and more examples that seem to fall somewhere in between. I reject the direct indirect distinction and replace it with a new paradigm of blended discourse. Combining insights from philosophy and linguistics, my framework has only one kind of speech reporting, in which a speaker always attempts to convey the content of the reported words from her own perspective, but can quote certain parts verbatim, thereby effectively switching to the reported perspective. To explain why some languages are shiftier than others, I hypothesize that a greater distance from face-to-face communication, with the possibility of extra- and paralinguistic perspective marking, necessitated the introduction of an artificial direct indirect separation. I test this hypothesis by investigating languages that are closely tied to direct communication: Dutch child language, as recent studies hint at a very late acquisition of the direct indirect distinction; Dutch Sign Language, which has a special role shift marker that bears a striking resemblance to the quotational shift of blended discourse; and Ancient Greek, where philologists have long been observing perspective shifts. In sum, my research combines a new philosophical insight on the nature of reported speech with formal semantic rigor and linguistic data from child language experiments, native signers, and Greek philology.

Keywords: semantics,philosophy of language,quotation,(in)direct discourse,perspective,sign language,acquisition