Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Brain Microcirculation : Numerical simulation for inter-species translation with applications in human health (BRAINMICROFLOW)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Consolidator grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Products and Processes Engineering
Countries involved: France,United States,France
Call:  (ERC-2013-CoG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-06-01
End date: 2019-05-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1999873.0
EU funding (EUR): 1999873.0
Participants: 3
Project status: CLOSED

The cerebral microvascular system is essential to a large variety of physiological processes in the brain, including blood delivery and blood flow regulation as a function of neuronal activity (neuro-vascular coupling). It plays a major role in the associated mechanisms leading to disease (stroke, neurodegenerative diseases, …). In the last decade, cutting edge technologies, including two-photon scanning laser microscopy (TPSLM) and optical manipulation of blood flow, have produced huge amounts of anatomic and functional experimental data in normal and Alzheimer Disease (AD) mice. These require accurate, highly quantitative, physiologically informed modeling and analysis for any coherent understanding and for translating results between species. In this context, our first aim is to develop a general methodological framework for physiologically informed microvascular fluid dynamics modeling, understood in a broad meaning, i.e. blood flow, molecule transport and resulting functional imaging signals or signal surrogates. Our second aim is to validate this methodological framework by direct comparison of in vivo anatomical and functional TPSLM measurements with the simulation results based on the same anatomical data. The third objective is to exploit these methodologies in order to identify the logic of the structure/function relationships of brain microcirculation and neurovascular coupling, in human health and disease, with a focus on the role of vascular factors in AD. Specific hypotheses on how vascular changes in AD affect both vascular function and neurovascular coupling can be experimentally tested in animal models of AD. Crucially, similar anatomical (but not functional) data can be acquired in healthy and AD humans. This will enable us to model how AD-induced vascular alterations could affect human patients. Ultimately, it provides us with new avenues for design and/or evaluation of improved diagnosis/preventive/treatment strategies.

Keywords: biofluid mechanics,cerebral microcirculation,alzheimer disease,structure function relationships numerical simulation,network approach,upscaling,mouse models,in vivo multiphoton imaging
Extended Symmetries in Gauge and Gravity Theories (GAUGEGRAVSYM)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Consolidator grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Fundamental Constituents of Matter
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call:  (ERC-2013-CoG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-06-01
End date: 2019-05-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1660804.0
EU funding (EUR): 1660804.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

In the recent couple of years, we have achieved an incredibly deep understanding of N=4 maximally supersymmetric gauge theory and the AdS/CFT correspondence which relates this model to string theory. The main reason for this progress consists in the apparent exact integrability of the models in the planar limit. Integrability is a hidden symmetry which allows to establish very efficient tools for performing calculations. Remarkably, these tools not only conveniently compute observables at very high orders in the coupling constant, both at weak and at strong coupling, but they also make quantitative predictions at finite coupling strength. A similar amount of progress is due to the development of novel on-shell techniques which allow to construct scattering amplitudes at several loop orders. They become especially powerful when combined with the extended symmetries related to integrability. The aim of the project is to put the recent rapid progress in integrability and scattering amplitudes on a solid foundation. By enhancing the encountered symmetries and applications towards more realistic gauge and gravity theories we hope to obtain new tools for QFT in general as well as new clues for the problem of quantum gravity. More concretely, we will work out a precise formulation for the algebra underlying integrability. This is a crucial step towards proving integrability in AdS/CFT and to justify and develop efficient methods. Furthermore, we plan to develop applications of integrability away from the planar limit and for non-integrable gauge theories. Finally, we will extend these methods and considerations to gravity models. We will also take a fresh look at alternative models with a view to solving the puzzle of quantum gravity. We plan to address these important objectives with the common framework of extended symmetries and powerful calculational techniques for scattering amplitudes.

Keywords: quantum field theory,gauge theory,quantum gravity,string theory,ads/cft duality,integrability,extended symmetries,quantum algebra,representations
Sequence similarity networks: a promising complement to the phylogenetic framework to study evolutionary biology (EVOLUNET)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Consolidator grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Evolutionary, Population and Environmental Biology
Countries involved: France
Call:  (ERC-2013-CoG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-06-01
End date: 2019-05-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1284240.0
EU funding (EUR): 1284240.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

The comparison of molecular sequences from organisms, environmental samples and mobile genetic elements is fundamental in evolutionary biology to study genes, genomes and species evolution. Although phylogenetic methods play a major role in these analyses, through the inference of phylogenetic trees or networks based on families of homologous sequences, many data remained underexplored as the number of molecular sequences of interest exponentially grows, with typical environmental samples containing thousands of species represented by millions of sequences. In order to further enhance the evolutionary comparison of molecular sequences, this project will develop a complementary approach, the use of large complex similarity networks (typically a few million nodes and tens of millions of edges), adapted to evolutionary biology questions. Such networks, inspired by the studies on social and regulatory networks, are only currently studied by a limited number of research teams. They allow for fast inclusive comparative analyses of both (highly) divergent and conserved sequences, fully or partly similar. This project will consist in developing similarity networks to (i) identify and study chimeric genes and genomes, (ii) detect and analyze the common genetic goods shared between gene families and within microbial communities, (iii) test whether genetic diversity in environmental sequences is significantly larger, both quantitatively and qualitatively, than genetic diversity in the gene families of cultured organisms (and their MGE), (iv) improve the statistical framework to compare similarity networks. If funded, this project will provide an additional comparative framework, new methods of detection of environmental/genomic sequences of medical and biological interest, and a novel description of the structure of genetic diversity on Earth, unraveling the main partnerships and barriers to the exchange of sequences of DNA between genes, genomes, species and environments.

Keywords: similarity networks,genomics,metagenomics,gene fusion,genetic diversity,bioinformatics,lateral gene transfer,microbiology
Mechanistic insights into the impact of tumor-associated neutrophils on metastatic breast cancer (INFLAMET)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Consolidator grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Immunity and Infection
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (ERC-2013-CoG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-03-01
End date: 2020-02-29
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1999360.0
EU funding (EUR): 1999360.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Metastatic disease is still largely unexplored, poorly understood and incurable. Accumulating evidence indicates that cells and mediators of the immune system can facilitate metastasis. Neutrophil accumulation in cancer patients has been associated with metastasis formation. In mouse tumor models, neutrophils have been reported to be pro- or anti- metastatic, but the underlying mechanisms involved in either function remain largely elusive. This proposal outlines a research program aimed at resolving the pro-metastatic role of neutrophils in breast cancer, as our preliminary data indicate that neutrophils proactively mediate breast cancer metastasis. Using a state-of-the art spontaneous breast cancer metastasis mouse model, we will mechanistically study how neutrophils facilitate metastasis formation and how mammary tumors provoke the metastasis-facilitating function of neutrophils. Building upon my previous studies and our current data, we will focus on the unexplored crosstalk between the adaptive immune system and neutrophils in facilitating spontaneous metastatic disease. These crucial questions will be addressed by undertaking a multidisciplinary approach, involving sophisticated mouse models for metastatic breast cancer, RNA sequencing on tumor-associated neutrophil populations, state-of-the-art mouse engineering, intravital imaging and in vivo neutrophil manipulations. Moreover, we will validate our findings from the mouse metastasis model in human breast cancer samples. We will determine the metastasis predicting power of the identified murine pro-metastatic neutrophil-specific pathways by immunohistochemistry and multi-parameter immunofluorescence on breast cancer samples and blood of untreated patients of which clinical follow-up is available. Thus, we will identify novel molecular pathways that can be targeted to selectively inhibit the pro-metastatic activity of the immune system.

Keywords: metastasis,immune system,breast cancer,neutrophils,tumor microenvironment,adaptive immune system,inflammation,genetically engineered mouse model
Template 2.0: Depicting the picture in your head (TEMPLATE 2.0)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Consolidator grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The Human Mind and its Complexity
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (ERC-2013-CoG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-05-01
End date: 2019-04-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1995780.0
EU funding (EUR): 1995780.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

One of the most important features of human vision is that it is selective. It flexibly samples the environment on the basis of what is relevant to our current tasks – tasks such as driving, finding a product in the supermarket, or collecting a child from school. This means that the brain maintains some representation of what we are currently looking for, be it a traffic sign, a coffee brand, or a kid’s face. This “picture in your head”, or “template” as it is often referred to, remains a huge mystery. Current models of visual exploration assume it to be there, but without making explicit what its properties and mechanisms are. The proposed program will change this. Based on a three-state model of human memory, I have identified several lines of research that collectively lead to a thorough understanding of one of the most fundamental concepts of perceptual theory. These lines systematically investigate what distinguishes the template from other types of memory, how many templates can be active at a time, how we set up, change, and abandon the template with changing task demands, and how training changes the nature, dynamics and capacity of the template. Each of these lines builds on my extensive track record in investigating memory and attention, and combines modern psychological, brain imaging, and modeling methods with innovative experimental paradigms. The result will be a comprehensive understanding of visual selection, of what makes human perception so adaptive. As such it will carry important implications for the fields of psychology and neuroscience, as well as clinical fields. In addition, the results are of direct relevance for how humans interact with ever more intelligent information systems, thus promoting safety and efficiency of everyday life.

Keywords: visual attention,visual search,working memory,eye movements,cognitive control
The plasticity of parental caregiving: characterizing the brain mechanisms underlying normal and disrupted development of parenting (CAREGIVING)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Consolidator grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The Human Mind and its Complexity
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2013-CoG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-05-01
End date: 2020-04-30
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1997121.0
EU funding (EUR): 1997121.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

The survival of species depends critically on infant survival and development. Human infants are, however, vulnerable and completely dependent on caregiving parents, not just for survival but also for their development. Darwin and Lorenz have long argued that there are specific infant facial features that elicit attention and responsiveness in adults. Until recently this has not been possible to study but neuroimaging has started to reveal some of the brain circuitry. However, it is not known how the brain changes over time in new parents as they gain experience with caregiving. Equally, little is known about the underlying brain mechanisms associated with disruption to normal parental caregiving. I propose to study the brain changes associated with normal and disrupted development of parental caregiving in new parents who will undergo neuroimaging and psychological testing using standardised databases and test batteries of caregiving tasks. Subproject 1 will investigate the normal development of parental caregiving, beginning before pregnancy, using a longitudinal study of structural and functional brain changes in both women and men combined with their behavioural measures on caregiving tasks. Subproject 2 will investigate the disrupted development of parental caregiving using a cross-sectional design to study the brain and behavioural effects on caregiving during potential disruptive changes to the parent or child. Specifically, my focus will be on A) parental sleep disruption and B) infant craniofacial abnormality of cleft lip and palate. Finally, understanding the full brain mechanisms and architecture underlying parental caregiving requires a mechanistic synthesis of the findings of normal and disrupted development. Subproject 3 will use our existing advanced computational models to combine the findings from normal and disrupted development in order to identify the fundamental brain mechanisms and networks underlying the development of parenting.

Keywords: caregiving,parents,infants,neuroimaging,database,infant signals,sleep disruption,cleft lip and palate,computational model
Narrative Modes of Historical Discourse in Asia (NAMO)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Consolidator grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Cultures and Cultural Production
Countries involved: Denmark
Call:  (ERC-2013-CoG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-12-01
End date: 2019-11-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1995162.0
EU funding (EUR): 1995162.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

Modern historiography produced in Asia belongs to the history-paradigm of the European humanities and it is from within these epistemological confines that Western as well as Eastern scholars of Asian studies view the Asian writing of the past. While source criticism and historicism have today become key parts of historical consciousness in Asia, Asian historical representations are nonetheless firmly embedded in pre-modern Asian literary traditions via specific uses in historical writing of traditional rhetorical structures of narrative, emplotment, tropes, and literary imagery. Taking such linkage between present and past Asian traditions of historiography as its premise, project NAMO – with four team members consisting of the PI and three Postdocs – will examine the literary features of Asian historiography in India, China, and Tibet across the longue durée of the classical, medieval, and modern periods. First, a new method for the study of the literary forms that characterize historiography in Asia will be established by adapting basic analytical principles from Asian literary theories drawn from twelve classical Indian and Chinese works on poetics. Next, the team will determine the specific literary characteristics of narrative, plot, tropes, and historical explanation found in seventeen classical and medieval histories composed in China, India, and Tibet. Finally, it will be examined to which extent those traditional literary features still function as constitutive rhetorical elements in modern Asian history writing. This will be done by analyzing the literary forms used in a selection of twenty representative histories written in the People's Republic of China and the Republic of India during the period 1980-2010. The outcome will be a novel approach for the empirical study of Asian history that will open up a new level of comparative work in the theory of history across non-Western and Western traditions.

Keywords: asia,historiography,narrative,theory of tropes,india,tibet,china,metaphors,metonymy
Peopling Europe: How data make a people (ARITHMUS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Consolidator grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Environment, Space and Population
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2013-CoG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-05-01
End date: 2019-12-31
Duration (months): 68.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1833648.8
EU funding (EUR): 1833648.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Who are the people of Europe? This question is facing statisticians as they grapple with standardising national census methods so that their numbers can be assembled into a European population. Yet, by so doing—intentionally or otherwise—they also contribute to the making of a European people. This, at least, is the central thesis of ARITHMUS. While typically framed as a methodological or statistical problem, the project approaches this as a practical and political problem of assembling multiple national populations into a European population and people. Why is this both an urgent political and practical problem? Politically, Europe is said to be unable to address itself to a constituted polity and people, which is crucial to European integration. Practically, its efforts to constitute a European population are also being challenged by digital technologies, which are being used to diversify census methods and bringing into question the comparability of national population data. Consequently, over the next several years Eurostat and national statistical institutes are negotiating regulations for the 2020 census round towards ensuring 'Europe-wide comparability.' ARITHMUS will follow this process and investigate the practices of statisticians as they juggle scientific independence, national autonomy and EU comparability to innovate census methods. It will then connect this practical work to political questions of the making and governing of a European people and polity. It will do so by going beyond state-of-the art scholarship on methods, politics and science and technology studies. Five case studies involving discourse analysis and ethnographic methods will investigate the situated practices of EU and national statisticians as they remake census methods, arguably the most fundamental changes since modern censuses were launched over two centuries ago. At the same time it will attend to how these practices affect the constitution of who are the people of Europe.

Keywords: census,enumeration,european union,methods,peoplehood,population,quantitative data,sociology of data,statistics
New methods and interacions in Singularity Theory and beyond (NMST)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Consolidator grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Mathematics
Countries involved: Spain,Spain
Call:  (ERC-2013-CoG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-05-01
End date: 2020-04-30
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1140601.0
EU funding (EUR): 1140601.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

This project is centred in Singularity Theory and its interactions and applications to Complex and Algebraic Geometry, Differential/symplectic/Contact Topology, Hodge Theory and Algebraic Topology. This subject is still at the core of various developments (Mori's Theory, Symplectic and Contact Geometry, algebro-geometric Donaldson-Thomas Theory, Hodge Theory and D-modules,...) In the present project we propose several directions of development in singularity theory, designed in order to approach the solution of several classical conjectures, and explore new interactions with the latest developments in nearby areas. New problems and conjectures are formulated, which are interesting bottlenecks whose solution would open new development perspectives in the theory, and whose study will need significantly new ideas. We have taken care of finding feasible starting points and interesting classes of singularities where the initial development is less steep. And to find links among the seemingly difernt techniques and problems which we propose. We deal with the following specific topics: vanishing cohomology of isolated and non-isolated singularities. Rational homotopy generalisations of Hodge Theory and rational vanishing homotopy. Applications to Equisingularity questions. Disentanglement theory and its relation with vanishing homology and homotopy. Symplectic and contact geometry of milnor fibrations. A vast programme in topological equisingularity including a multifaceted attack to Lê-Ramanujan problem. Generalisations of McKay correspondence. Banagl Intersection spaces. Topological and analytic invariants of normal surface singularities. Arc spaces and Nash correspondence. Compactified Jacobians.

Keywords: singularity theory.vanishing cycles/rational homotopy.intersection homology.symplectic/contact geometry. equisingularity. mckay correspondence.normal surface singularities. arc spaces. jacobians.