Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Fully Coupled Fluid-Solid Simulation of Upward Flame Spread and Fire Growth (FLAME SPREAD)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IIF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-10-04
End date: 2015-10-03
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 309235.2
EU funding (EUR): 309235.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The proposed project will encompass a multitude of modelling and simulation techniques, that complement each other, bringing together fluid simulation, conjugate heat transfer, material flammability, pyrolysis, combustion, materials property and analytical methods spanning across a variety of disciplines in order to exploit the Fellow’s expertise in computational fluid dynamics (CFD), combustion, chemistry and numerical analysis to a basic and yet very important engineering problem that underpins the fire safety in the built environment and transport systems. The Fellow will integrate the different modelling techniques to capture the complex physics and chemistry that underpins the complex processes of flame spread and fire growth. He will also make full use of his analytical ability to critically assess the experimental data which is abundant in quantity but presenting conflicting results, in some cases; and on this basis, select appropriate data for model validation. He will also conduct new experiments in the host’s partner institution to facilitate blind validation. The Fellow will thus deliver a validated flame spread model within the frame of the open source CFD code OpenFOAM, that will be able to predict upward flame spread in different geometric configurations and complexities. He will also demonstrate the use of the powerful-state of the art predictive tool to attack flame spread in realistic fire scenarios, such as warehouse fires and fires in aircraft. The Fellow, through regular seminars, workshops and other dissemination activities, planned for the duration of this project, will also transfer knowledge directly to the European academic and engineering community as well as the industry community that is charged with the responsibility of fire safety for European citizens and business.

Keywords: g203 simulation engineering and modelling,g305 fluid mechanics - hydraulic- - turbo- - and piston engines,g110 scientific computing
Holographic applications of supergravity (APPSG)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IOF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-10-01
End date: 2016-09-30
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 355440.28
EU funding (EUR): 355440.28
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

In this project we will develop supergravity tools to study the strong coupled sectors of High Energy and Condensed Matter systems using the gauge gravity duality. We will first find, via consistent truncation, new large classes of lower-dimensional supergravity models that admit an exact string theory embedding, and will fully characterise and classify them. We will use these theories to propose, on the one hand, novel models of holographic superconductors and quantum critical points, and draw concrete string theory predictions about their properties. We will also use these model to pursue an all-time novel, holographic description of (quantum) turbulence. On the other hand, we will build supergravity models dual to large classes of field theories displaying phenomenologically realistic features like confinement and chiral symmetry breaking, thus considerably expanding the currently available string-derived QCD-like models.

Keywords: mathematical physics,gravitation,quantum field theory,string theory,supergravity,superconductors.
Developmental trajectories for model-free and model-based reinforcement learning: computational and neural bases (DEVELOP‐LEARNING)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2014-01-01
End date: 2015-12-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 231283.2
EU funding (EUR): 231283.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Adolescence is defined as the period of life that starts with the biological changes of puberty and ends at the time at which the individual attains a stable, independent role in society. During this period, decisions are characterized by being impulsive and high-risk, and this can have serious consequences, for example accidents caused by dangerous driving and experimentation with alcohol and drugs. It is thus important to understand the neurocognitive processes that underlie decision-making in adolescence. Decision-making depends on the interaction of several component processes, including the representation of value, response selection and learning. In reinforcement learning all these processes are integrated. Reinforcement learning deals with the ability of learning to improve one’s future choices in order to maximize the occurrence of pleasant events (rewards) and minimize the occurrence of unpleasant events (punishments). Theoretical models for reinforcement learning postulate the existence of a dual controller for action selection: ‘Model-free’, which is computationally simple, more reflexive and inflexible and ‘Model-based’, which is more reflective and flexible, but computationally complex. The development of reinforcement learning in human adolescence has been studied only recently. Studies to date have not attempted to disentangle model-free and model-based behaviour. The aims of the current project are: i. to map the development of reinforcement learning systems – via behavioural/computational analysis - and ii. to relate the maturation of model-based reinforcement learning to the functional maturation of specific neural circuits – via functional magnetic resonance experiment. This study will provide further insights in adolescent reward-based decision-making and its neural bases, within the theoretical framework of reinforcement learning.

Keywords: l506 developmental neurobiology,l507 cognition,l508 behavioral neuroscience,l510 neuroimaging and computational neuroscience
Towards a New Giant Detector for Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (AUGER2FUTURE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-11-12
End date: 2015-11-11
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 166336.2
EU funding (EUR): 166336.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Ultra-high energy cosmic rays are messengers of the most powerful events in the Universe. In the last years there has been a remarkable progress in this field. However the astrophysical sites and the mechanism to accelerate cosmic rays at macroscopic energies and the nature of these particles are still unknown. To advance in the knowledge of the origin of cosmic rays, larger statistics and a better determination of the mass composition are required. The goal of this project is to investigate possible detector improvements for the observation of the signals left by the secondary particles produced in the interactions of cosmic rays with air nuclei in the atmosphere. In the short term the project explores ways to enhance the leading experiment Pierre Auger Observatory. In the long term those improvements can be used as the base for the development of the next generation ground-based detectors. The investigations are focused on water-Cherenkov detectors. The proposed improvements aim at obtaining a better resolution in the determination of the muon content reaching ground. This will provide a better mass composition sensitivity. The use of new photosensors, the silicon photomultipliers, in cosmic rays experiments is also addressed. A novel technique to measure cosmic ray signals from the molecular bremsstrahlung in the GHz frequency range could prove to be a viable solution for the next generation detectors. The project includes the participation in the determination of the feasibility and overall performance of this technique.

Keywords: cosmic rays,pierre auger observatory,water-cherenkov detectors,silicon photomultipliers,microwave detection of air-showers,next generation detectors
Network analysis of economic development and social cohesion in Europe (CONNECTING-EU!)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IOF, 2012)
Start date: 2014-01-02
End date: 2016-08-01
Duration (months): 31.0
Total project cost (EUR): 216959.32
EU funding (EUR): 216959.32
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This project studies the network structure of economic development and social cohesion processes in Europe. Cutting-edge methods from network analysis and diversity measurement are used to visualise and analyse the patterns and dynamics of the economic diversification, labour mobility and innovation networks of the EU member states and accession candidates. This contributes to revealing structural convergence and divergence processes in the productive capabilities of European countries and the social choices of the people. The project provides new methods and insights, helping to: 1. Advance network analysis and graphical representation techniques that allow an intuitive understanding of complex issues. 2. Contribute to the MIT Macro Connections research aim to help improve our understanding of the world by putting together the pieces that scientific disciplines have helped to pull apart. 3. Design industrial policies that foster qualitative diversification and economic competitiveness in EU member states and accession candidates. 4. Create social cohesion policies that take systemic inequality reproduction into account and foster the agency of the people. 5. Foster the Turkey - Germany - EU - relations. The project highlights that realising smart, sustainable and inclusive growth requires positive internal and external cooperation patterns, as well as the recognition and promotion of diversity.

Keywords: network analysis,economic diversification,social cohesion,europe,germany,turkey,welfare
SEROTONERGIC REGULATION OF SLEEP RELATED NEURAL CIRCUIT (SEROTONINSLEEP)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IIF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-09-01
End date: 2015-08-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 231283.2
EU funding (EUR): 231283.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Summary: The appropriate regulation of sleep and wakefulness is a fundamental biological process that impacts human health, cognitive performance, and quality of life. However, the neural mechanisms regulating sleep/wake behavior and its associated circuits in the brain are largely unknown. Recent studies have illustrated the role of hypocretin/orexin (Hcrt) in sleep regulation, but the mechanisms that control the Hcrt system and subsequent changes in neural circuit function are still poorly described. I will take advantage of the larval zebrafish, a genetically and optically accessible model organism whose brain shares basic sleep-related structures with the human brain, in order to systematically investigate how and to what extent serotonergic (5-hydroxytrypamine, 5-HT) neurons of the dorsal raphe nucleus exert effects on sleep cycles via the Hcrt system and associated downstream circuitry. Furthermore, I will disambiguate whether 5-HT neurons affect sleep by direct influence on Hcrt neuron activity or by signalling downsteam on Hcrt target neurons. These analyses require a multidisciplinary approach possible only in zebrafish. First, I will use a novel bioluminescence-based method to investigate how drugs that target the 5-HT system, alter the activity of Hcrt and 5-HT neurons in freely behaving fish. Second, in order to verify a causal relationship between activity in 5-HT and Hcrt neurons and observed behavioral changes, I will activate the same neural populations with optogenetic methods while monitoring behavior in freely behaving fish. Third, I will use the same pharmacological and optogenetic approaches to visualize the direct effects of specific subpopulations of 5-HT and Hcrt neurons on activity throughout the whole brain with functional two-photon calcium imaging. The results of these experiments will provide invaluable insights into how specific neuromodulatory systems interact with each other in order to regulate neural circuits underlying sleep.

Keywords: l806 animal behaviour,l501 neuroanatomy and neurophysiology
Beam Shaping in Complex Systems (BSICS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IOF, 2012)
Start date: 2014-07-01
End date: 2018-06-01
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 253947.0
EU funding (EUR): 253947.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The objective of this proposal is to devise new ways of shaping light and other electromagnetic waves in complex and novel structures. The research will delve into fundamental aspects of electrodynamics, from classical optics to the quantum mechanical dynamics of photons. Over the past twenty years, several new kinds of artificial media for electromagnetic waves were demonstrated, among them photonic crystals, metamaterials, plasmonic materials, and more recently graphene-like photonic lattices. These new kinds of "electromagnetic media" call for new methods for beam shaping to facilitate control over the electromagnetic fields propagating within them. Moreover, many novel photonic systems and devices rely on strong coupling between light and matter. Naturally, such systems combine quantum mechanics effects with classical electrodynamics. For example, modern experimental research would greatly benefit from efficient coupling of light to quantum dots, nano-photonic structures embedded in silicon chips, or particular molecules – to manipulate and probe the molecular dynamics. All of these necessitate novel methods for shaping light in new kinds of structures, which cannot be addressed by traditional techniques. In this research plan, I aspire to make fundamental theoretical contributions that, apart from their basic research component, will also contribute to a large variety of present and future applications. I believe this ambitious research will have high impact, advancing the knowledge on waves' propagation in structured media, which is at the forefront of current research. The outgoing phase (first two years) will take place at Stanford, under the supervision of Prof. Shanhui Fan. The return phase (third year) will take place at the Technion, under the supervision of Prof. Gadi Eisenstein. The return department (the Faculty of Electrical Engineering) is highly supportive of my application: the support letter of the Dean is incorporated in the proposal (in B3).

Keywords: p106 electromagnetism,p108 optics and quantum optics,p114 non-linear physics,p212 nanophysics,g203 simulation engineering and modelling,g205 micro- and nanoelectronics - optoelectronics
Seismic Anisotropy and Magma Systems (SAMS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IIF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-10-15
End date: 2015-10-14
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 231283.2
EU funding (EUR): 231283.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Magma movement in the crust at active volcanoes will exert a stress on the surrounding country rock that may or may not be manifest as observable strain (ground deformation) or seismicity (earthquakes). Detecting and understanding this stress is a key to predicting if and when a volcano will erupt. The measurement of seismic anisotropy (the variation of seismic wave speed with direction) using the method of shear wave splitting (SWS) has been used to monitor variations in stress in industry but is generally only available in hindsight to studies of volcanoes and earthquakes. Using SWS to measure stress at active volcanoes holds enormous potential for a monitoring and eruption forecasting tool. Changes in SWS associated with volcanic activity have been detected, although not in real time. Interpretation of SWS observations is usually qualitative, and researchers struggle to use the results to quantify the cause and magnitude of stress variations. This research involves developing a method of using Finite Element Models to calculate seismic velocity variation, strain and stress due to magma movement at active volcanoes to resolve the geometry, volumes and pressures of subsurface magma storage. In particular, the research will be used to understand the relationship between anisotropic seismic velocities and pressurisation of magma reservoirs by inverting SWS data for geomechanical parameters. The models will make use of multidisciplinary constraints such as ground deformation, petrological evidence and seismicity, all of which provide evidence for depths, pressures and timing of magma movement. Case studies will include Okmok Volcano in Alaska, Kilauea Volcano in Hawaii, and Ruapehu and Tongariro Volcanoes in New Zealand. This work will represent a significant advance in our understanding of the interaction of subsurface magma movement with the state of stress in the country rock, as well as provide crucial new insights into the potential of SWS as a monitoring tool.

Keywords: v201 geology - tectonics - volcanology,v201 physics of earth s interior - seismology - volcanology,v201 earth observations from space - remote sensing,p115 general physics
Precise Predictions for Higgs and New Physics Signals with Jets at the Large Hadron Collider (PRECISIONJETS4LHC)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IIF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-08-01
End date: 2015-07-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 183469.8
EU funding (EUR): 183469.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Many of the Higgs and new physics searches at the Large Hadron Collider involve signals with jets of energetic hadrons. This proposal will improve the theoretical predictions for such processes, focusing on three different aspects: 1) Since backgrounds depend on the number of jets, search analyses are often separated into bins with a particular number of jets to improve sensitivity. I propose to improve the precision of these exclusive jet cross sections, through a next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic order calculation using the N-jettiness event shape. Improved predictions for the benchmark W+N jet process and the Higgs+N jet signal will be obtained in a form that is suitable for reweighting Monte Carlos. The latter is important for constraining the couplings of the observed new particle at the LHC, which will help establish whether it is the Higgs boson. 2) Given the excellent performance of the ATLAS and CMS detectors at the LHC, there is an expanding interest in techniques that exploit the substructure of jets. I aim to obtain an analytic understanding of the behavior of jet substructure observables and test Monte Carlo simulations, which do not include higher order effects and are the most common tool for substructure analyses. Substructure observables that will be considered include: jet mass, jet charge, 3-subjettiness (relevant for boosted top quarks) and mass-drop/filtering. I propose to investigate the factorization and resummation of these techniques, as well as their calculation beyond the leading logarithmic accuracy of the Monte Carlo parton shower. 3) I also proposes to calculate the collinear radiation in a jet at next-to-next-to-leading order, fully differential in the three body phase-space. This will be used to test at this order the exponentiation of logarithms from jet algorithms, which "group" the observed radiation into jets. These results are also an important ingredient in other higher-order calculations for processes with jets.

Keywords: p102 particle physics,p103 nuclear physics,jets,higgs,higher-order calculation,factorization,resummation
Simulation of random non-Gaussian excitations in environmental testing and computer modelling for better product engineering of vehicle systems (RANGE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Belgium
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IIF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-09-05
End date: 2015-09-04
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 235000.0
EU funding (EUR): 235000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The proposal relates to dynamic systems, such as vehicles, whose motion depends on the excitation applied, with this excitation being generated by environmental or technological effects. Hence, how accurately the excitation is simulated becomes a key point in design and testing. The excitation is often a random signal, i.e. it is not a unique time function but a collection of unpredictable realizations that still can be modeled if inherent characteristics governing behavior of such excitations are understood properly. Modern computer systems made it possible to exercise analytical and experimental simulation of random excitations by digital synthesis. A common technique is to apply the Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) with randomized phases to the specified power spectral density (PSD) that describes frequency spectrum of the excitation. That is how a Gaussian random excitation can be modeled. However, not all real excitations are Gaussian and the PSD is not a full description of random signals. There is another basic characteristic - probability density function. If it is different from that of the Gaussian model, the random excitation cannot be simulated by the classic IFFT. The core of the proposed project is a modification of the IFFT simulation to make it non-Gaussian by developing methods of IFFT phase manipulation. The nominated visiting researcher has been working on this problem for many years and his developments on kurtosis control were recognized and implemented by shaker equipment manufacturers in the USA, but not in Europe. An essential part of product development in the host organization also belongs to the shaker testing area. Thus, there will be a transfer of knowledge from the foreign expert to the European host. Then, cooperation between the project participants will aim at using new characteristics more advanced than kurtosis to outclass current non-Gaussian random simulation methods. The latter will also result in joint publications.

Keywords: vehicle vibrations,environmental shaker testing,monte-carlo simulation,non-gaussian random excitations,kurtosis,crest factor,ifft phases,multi-dimensional moment characteristics