Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
COMPUTATIONAL COMPLEXITY MEETS AUTOMATA THEORY (MINICOMPLEXITY)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, 2009)
Start date: 2010-09-01
End date: 2012-08-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 216030.4
EU funding (EUR): 216030.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Computational Complexity classifies computational problems according to difficulty. Although a rich map of time complexity classes has already been developed (P, EXP, EEXP, ...; NP, Delta2P, Sigma2P, Pi2P, ..., PH, AP; ZPP, RP, BPP, PP; IP; BQP; etc.), many fundamental questions about them remain wide open. The most famous one is P vs NP. In 1978, Sakoda and Sipser proposed a "miniature version" of P vs NP, whose answer could yield insight into P vs NP itself. They asked whether nondeterminism is essential for two-way finite automata (2FA) and size---as opposed to Turing machines (TM) and time. The question is called 2D vs 2N, where 2D and 2N are 2FA-size analogs of P and NP. The objective of this project is to extend the Sakoda-Sipser miniaturization beyond P vs NP and study the 2FA-size analogs of all major time complexity classes. Specifically: 1. To define the 2FA of each mode (deterministic, alternating, probabilistic, interactive, quantum), in a way that convincingly models general 2FA computations and retains connections to TM complexity. To produce a map of robust 2FA-size complexity classes. 2. To update this map with all inclusions/separations from known results of 2FA-size complexity and all straightforward inclusions/separations from ideas of TM complexity. 3. To enrich this map with new types of reductions, new complete problems, new high-level advances, and new inclusions/separations proved by novel algorithmic/lower bound methods. A new field of research will be born, at the intersection of Computational Complexity and Automata Theory. The fellowship will allow the applicant to pursue this research program at a prestigious laboratory, interacting with experts from both Computational Complexity and Automata Theory. It will critically enhance his scientific and professional capacity, diversify expertise at the host laboratory, and significantly increase the attractiveness of the European Research Area.

Keywords: computational complexity,automata theory,theory of computation,descriptional complexity,theoretical computer science,computational models,computer science
Crystallization of Polymers in the Presence of Inorganic Nanoparticles - a Way Towards Piezoelectric 'Smart' Nanocomposites (SMARTPIEZOCOMPOSITE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, 2009)
Start date: 2010-10-01
End date: 2012-09-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 168969.0
EU funding (EUR): 168969.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The project proposal addresses field of ‘smart’ piezoelectric materials based on polymer-inorganic nanocomposites. The research will be divided into following main sub-streams: investigation of nanocomposites based on poly(vinylidene fluoride), investigation of materials based on poly(L-lactic acid) and study on the influence of differently shaped nanoparticles on crystallization and general phase behavior of the materials. For the purpose of this project, the nanocomposites will be prepared by compounding either in solution or in the melt and also by methods based on chemical synthesis. The main efforts will be directed at finding factors essentially affecting polymer-nanoparticle interactions in order to control both the polymorphism and mutual orientation of nanoparticles and structure units at the nanoscale. Achieving this goal is crucial as it defines the possibility to render the materials piezoelectric. It is expected that spatial orientation of anisometric nanoparticles in the molten polymer matrix will force the polymers to crystallize in certain preferred direction and crystal structure, which will enable formation of piezoelectric materials using simple methods typical for processing of thermoplastics as e.g. injection molding. From the technological point of view, such an improvement will allow to simplify the production methods of piezoelectric plastics and also will reduce the production costs of such materials. Currently, the state-of-the-art piezoelectric polymers are processed mainly to the form of foils and fibers, which limits the area of their possible application in devices. The main improvement proposed in this research relies on the possibility to process the nanostructured material to complex geometries, which will expand the field of potential application – especially in robotics, measuring devices and monitoring systems.

Keywords: nanocomposites,semicrystalline polymers,piezoelectricity,smart materials,sensors,actuators,silicate nanoplatelets,poly(vinylidene fluoride),poly(l-lactic acid)
Machine learning for quantitative modelling of structured phenotypes (MLPHENOM)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Germany,Germany
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, 2009)
Start date: 2011-12-01
End date: 2013-11-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 154461.0
EU funding (EUR): 154461.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

Understanding phenotypic variation, and more particularly identifying the causal genetic or environmental regulators, is a major aim in biological investigations. The goal of this proposal is to develop and apply machine learning techniques to model key aspects of structure that occur in modern, high-dimensional phenotype datasets. First, the temporal structure of phenotypes that are recorded over time is addressed. Statistical models can exploit smoothness of time series and detect change points. Second, the structure of images, arising when digital pictures are used as phenotypic variables, is considered. Machine learning techniques allow interpretable image features to be automatically extracted and used as quantitative traits, complementing classical measurements. Finally, the network structure of the phenome is addressed. Different phenotype variables influence each other, resulting in a chain of effects that needs to be modelled to reveal the true causal relationships. The developed algorithms will be applied to understand phenotypic variation in Arabidopsis thaliana in direct collaboration with researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology.

Keywords: computational biology,machine learning,association studies
Mechanical Analysis of Nanocomposites: an experimental and computational study of the mechanical behavior of polycrystalline and tough nanocomposite structures. (MAN)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, 2009)
Start date: 2011-01-15
End date: 2013-01-14
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 162248.8
EU funding (EUR): 162248.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Nanocomposite structures show enhanced mechanical properties (hardness and toughness) which are very interesting for protective purpose. The mechanical behavior of those materials is still not clear, and many different explanations (often contradictory) are present in the literature, which makes difficult the practical application of Nanocomposites. This project proposes to study the deformation mechanisms of these structures by a combined experimental and theoretical (computational) approach. This original approach will allow understanding phenomena which were still unapproachable until a few years ago and to clarify at once, the particular behavior of Nanocomposite structures. From the experimental side, a set of thin films with the abovementioned structures will be prepared by magnetron sputtering and characterized by several techniques, such as XRD, TEM, EELS, SEM, XPS, etc. Mechanical properties will be measured by nanoindentation. Further specific measurements will also be done for some selected samples, in order to evaluate “in situ” the deformation of these materials under stress by SEM, TEM/ED and XRD from a synchrotron source. From the theoretical side, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations will be done to evaluate the role of the crystal size, phase composition and presence of impurities in nanocomposite structures (and polycrystalline ones for comparison). The new knowledge, know-how and tools developed during this project will contribute to bring EU on the forefront of nanocomposite structures and their applications. Together with a training aiming at expending both technical skills (e.g in the field of nanoindentation, diffraction, TEM) and soft-skills (e.g. science management), this project will allow placing the candidate on his path for becoming a leading expert in the field of nanocomposites. In conclusion, this project will have a great impact not only on the researcher, but also on the participating institutions, and in Europe by extension.

Keywords: solid state physics,high vacuum technology,materials engineering,mechanical properties,modelling tools,nanocomposite,polycrystal,toughness,simulation,difffraction
Visual Search and Attention in Bumblebees (VSIB2009)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IIF, 2009)
Start date: 2011-09-10
End date: 2013-09-09
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 173240.8
EU funding (EUR): 173240.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Visual search is a common task in our everyday life. We search for our child in a crowd at school, or a chocolate bar out of several different brands at the supermarket. The ease of the search depends on how distinguishable the target is from the background or how different it is from other surrounding objects. Attention can improve our search if drawn to the vicinity of the target. Visual search, attention, and the neuronal circuitry underlying these processes are currently a very dynamic field in human psychophysics. But to understand the minimum neuronal hardware necessary to solve such tasks, we here turn to an animal that is rapidly becoming a model for analysing how simple nervous systems solve complex cognitive tasks: the bumblebee. Interestingly, the common tests run by psychologists often seem more appropriate to a bee's world than to a human's. Commonly, subjects are asked to search a display for one or several defined targets (e.g. a small yellow square). The targets are commonly mixed with other stimuli (distractors), which differ from those the subject is asked to search for. Targets may differ from distractors in one stimulus dimension only (such as color), or they may differ in several dimensions (such as color and shape). Performance of subjects is evaluated in terms of reaction time and accuracy, and in terms of individual strategy used to optimize the speed-accuracy tradeoff. We will use a novel technique, the virtual bee meadow, to ask a range of questions dealing with visual search and attention in bumblebees. How do searches vary if the targets and distractors differ in more than one dimension? How does attention affect the perception of 'irrelevant’ details? How do bees cope with multiple visual targets? Is attention more influenced by the nature of the stimuli or by mental processes in the bee's brain?

Keywords: animal psychology,vision,attention,visual search,bumblebee,psychophysics,pollinator,ethology,entomology,natural sciences,cognition,social insects
Politics beyond the State? Identity and Territory Dimension in Anti-planning Movements : A comparative perspective from Turkey (ITAMTUR)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, 2009)
Start date: 2010-10-15
End date: 2012-10-14
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 172903.2
EU funding (EUR): 172903.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Urban and environmental planning are increasingly subject of contestation at different scales. In launching these projects, the public actors frequently argue on general interest irreducible to particular interests of a few of inhabitants. If this type of resistance is often discussed in the case of so-called &quot;NIMBYs&quot; (Not in my backyard) to designate opposition of associations and, more broadly, public to planning that may disrupt their environment, identical and territorial dimensions of these contestations is completely ignored in the study of these phenomena. Our objective in this project is to move beyond this debate and look at the nature of these planning that can sometimes become the instrument of a multidimensional policy of discrimination by public institutions against ethnic and political minorities. In Turkey, this phenomena is observable in several planning project and especially in three that we have chosen as our field study : Ilisu Dam and Resettlement Project and local contestation against Kurdish displacement ; transformation and Renovation Project of Sulukule district which plans to destroy entirely the gipsy settlements and finally the fragmentation and Transformation Project on slums of district of May 1 where there is a religious minority (Alevis) who has a strong collective political identity (communisme). In all three case studies, these are the areas of economic and social deprivation populated mainly by an ethnic or political minority namely Kurds, Gypsies and Alevis. Emphasis will be placed on the logics of exclusion in the planning policies and the role of identity and territory in the organisation of contestations against theses plannings. Our goal is to demonstrate that behind the mobilizations organized deal with these adjustments, the collective identity of the community is crucial because the very nature of the organization, the community sees itself under threat (exile, death, loss of the cultural identity and / or political)

Keywords: identity,territory,anti-planning,movements,turkey,minorities,exclusion
Islam and Christianity in Southeast Europe (ICSE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Ireland
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, 2009)
Start date: 2010-10-01
End date: 2012-09-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 233082.8
EU funding (EUR): 233082.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The project includes three interrelated objectives: (1) a research and research dissemination objective, (2) an educational training and dissemination objective, and (3) combined they add to career advancement. With regard to the first objective, a book on Muslims in the Balkans will be completed. Results from the book research will be presented at two expert seminars on "Islam and Politics in the Balkans" and "Muslim Women in the Balkans". With regard to the second objective, the educational training and dissemination objective, the researcher will a) develop and teach at the host institution three research related graduate courses ("Muslims in the Balkans and the Building of a European Islam"; "Religion and Peacebuilding in Southeast Europe"; "Christianity and Islam in Southeast Europe"); b) Additionally, with regard to a joint European educational project in the Southeast European region, the researcher will collaborate in the development, organisation, and delivery of two Erasmus Intensive Program courses “Translating God(s): Intercultural Theology and Interreligious Studies” in Istanbul (2011) and Sofia-Constantia (2012), coordinated by the host institution. The researcher will benefit from the advisory support and training she will receive at the host institution, specifically in terms of organisation and design, development and delivery of courses and enhancing her teaching skills. The researcher will also benefit from various modules of academic teaching training at the host institution. In sum, the ultimate objective with this work programme is a substantial advancement of the research fellow's career by acquiring the expertise necessary for obtaining a university teaching position. The project as a whole will contribute to European excellence through the published results of an innovative multidisciplinary research and the educational dissemination projects that together increases awareness about the potential for positive interaction between Islam and Christianity in wider Europe on the basis of examples from the Balkans. It will contribute to a critically informed understanding of the plurality of religions and cultures which make up European identities.

Keywords: islam,christianity,southeast europe,interreligious dialogue,peacebuilding,postcommunism,social sciences,humanities
a Study of the Epigenetic Alterations that Result in Cardiac Hypertrophy (SEARCH)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, 2009)
Start date: 2010-04-01
End date: 2012-03-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 171740.8
EU funding (EUR): 171740.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Heart failure is a major cause of mortality and morbidity, and often the consequence of pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Upon entering hypertrophy, cells undergo a vast transcriptional remodelling, with thousands of genes being either up- or down-regulated. In the last years it became evident that epigenetic modifications are an important determinant of transcriptional changes, and several lines of evidence demonstrate that epigenome modulating enzymes are implicated in cardiac hypertrophy. In the present project we propose to study transcriptional repression by DNA and histone methylation. We will map these modifications and use this map to identify and study the methyl transferases, transcription factors and pathways that underlie these modifications using a systems-biology approach. The insight that is to be anticipated from this study will not only enhance our understanding of transcription regulation in hypertrophy, it can also provide a novel entry point for strategies to treat this disorder.

Keywords: cardiology,genomics,cell biology,physiology,bioinformatics
Changing the rules for aromatic substitution reactions: Development of a general meta-selective copper-catalyzed C–H bond functionalization strategy (META-ARYL)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, 2009)
Start date: 2010-05-01
End date: 2012-04-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 172740.8
EU funding (EUR): 172740.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This proposal details a new Cu(II) catalysed reactivity concept that will enable the selective C–H bond functionalisation of an important class of aromatic compounds. In particular, a meta-selective C–H arylation of arylacetamides will be the focus of this study. Furthermore, this strategy could also be used to assemble the potent antibiotic, arylomycin A2 as well as facilitate the convenient synthesis of analogues that could be used to probe bacterial resistance, leading to new antibiotic treatments. Our preliminary studies have suggested that this type of transformation is viable for the C–H functionalisation of indoles, acetanilides and anisoles. The capacity to selectively functionalise the C–H bonds of a simple, or complex molecule will be a powerful tool for chemical synthesis and could impact on treatment of diseases.

Keywords: homogeneous catalysis,organometallic chemistry
A Comparative Study of LGBTQ Rights and Art in the UK and Poland within the Context of the EU Idea of Sexual Diversity (EU SEXUAL DIVERSITY)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, 2009)
Start date: 2011-01-10
End date: 2013-01-09
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 224727.2
EU funding (EUR): 224727.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

My research focuses on the condition of LGBT rights and art in the UK and Poland within the context of the EU idea of sexual diversity. The state of LGBT rights as civil rights in the EU differs significantly between member countries. My intention is to research comparatively Poland and the United Kingdom. The Anglo-Polish perspective on sexual politics of human rights would let me analyze the status of LGBT rights, activism and art from the opposite poles within the European Union struggling for the democracy of sexual diversity. From the Polish perspective, with the implementation of the Same-Sex Civil Partnerships in Britain in 2005 , the success of LGBT rights has been almost reached. The Polish perspective (like other Eastern European new member states: Lithuania, Latvia, Slovakia, Bulgaria) is totally different where persistent homophobia defines state policy . The difference creates different contexts and conditions for human rights activists and contemporary artists dealing with LGBT subjects and expressing artistically their queer identities. My aim is to examine histories, policies and aesthetics of queer rights and arts in the UK and Poland. Thus in my research I combine social and humanist/artistic perspective on the subject. The fellowship would advance my teaching, curating and research into LGBT rights and art in the EU. My intention is to contribute comparative research on LGBT agency to the interdisciplinary Centre for the Study of Sexual Dissidence which specializes in advance research into LGBT issues. Because power in Poland and Eastern Europe still denies agency to LGBT members of the society (and there are also cases of censorship of contemporary queer art), one witnesses a radicalisation of the concept of sexual dissidence here. My research into the sexual dissidence in Britain and Poland can therefore enrich the activities of the Centre for the Study of Sexual Dissidence.

Keywords: humanities,democracy,sexual diversity,european union,rights,lgbtq,visual culture,poland