Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Temporal dimensions of information processing as a functional marker of mental state: evidence from schizophrenia (TRW SCHIZO)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-CIG, 2012)
Start date: 2012-11-01
End date: 2016-10-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Real-world events occur not only over extended regions of space but also over extended periods of time. On the time scale of cognition, for example, it takes a few hundred milliseconds to utter a word, a few seconds to utter a sentence, and sometimes much longer to convey an idea. The information gathered at each particular moment, however, only becomes meaningful in the context of previous events. The capacity to accumulate information over time, thus, is crucial to our functioning in an ever-changing world. Yet there is surprisingly little research on how the brain integrates information over time. This project aims to investigate the temporal domain of information processing in human brain at the network level. We will apply novel inter-subject correlation (ISC) approach for analyzing fMRI network organization evoked by continuous and complex stimulation, such as stories and movies. Recently, in healthy subjects, we revealed hierarchy of information processing over time from early sensory areas toward high order perceptual and cognitive areas. Here we will focus on demonstrating the breakdown of such processing in one of the major psychiatric disorder such as schizophrenia. Schizophrenia patients suffer from a failure to integrate information at different scales/domains including time. This project aims to implement the ISC in first-episode schizophrenia patients and their healthy siblings, which are known to be more prone to the disease. Preliminary results in the patient group demonstrated impaired hierarchy with processing intact in low level but disturbed in high level, in both visual and auditory modalities. The sibling group showed an intermediate effect. We believe that better understanding of the underlying neural circuit involved in information processing in schizophrenia patients and their healthy siblings may assist in early identification of functional neural markers for the disease and facilitate development of improved methods for early diagnosis.

Keywords: fmri,dti,psychopatology,schizophrenia patients,healthy siblings,auditory,visual,movie,story,inter-subject correlation,information processing
Operator-algebraic geometry in the unit ball (OAGUB)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-CIG, 2012)
Start date: 2012-09-01
End date: 2016-08-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

In this project, I plan to study the interaction between operator theory, function theory and algebraic geometry in some reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (and their multiplier algebras), which live on subvarieties of the unit ball. The reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHSs) that I shall consider in this project are the quotients of Drury-Arveson space by a radical, homogeneous ideal. I plan to address four main problems. First, I plan to compute the essential norm of the continuous multipliers on these RKHSs. Second, I plan to compute the C*-envelope of the operator algebra given by the image of the continuous multipliers on a RKHS in the Calkin algebra of that RKHS. Third, I plan to prove an effective Hilbert's Basis Theorem by showing that every radical homogeneous ideal has the stable division property. Finally, I plan to use the above results to prove some versions of Arveson's conjecture, which states that every quotient of the Drury-Arveson space by a graded submodule is essentially normal.

Keywords: m110 operator algebras and functional analysis
Transient Analysis of Exotic Materials for Electromagnetics (TRANSEXMAT)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-CIG, 2012)
Start date: 2012-08-01
End date: 2016-07-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Simulating the interaction of electromagnetic interaction plays a centrol role in the design of new, exotic materials for use in electronic, photonic, and optical systems. In order to design these systems subject to all technical and economic constraints, broad band information on their behaviour is indispensable. Moreover, modern exotic materials and the devices in which they are used can exhibit nonlinear behaviour. This leaves transient (i.e. time domain) simulation the only viable option. The aim of this project is the development of a design methodology and the corresponding software tools for the exotic electromagnetic materials for use in photonics, transformation optics, biomedical imaging, and nano-technology. This project is innovative because it will enable for the first time (i) the design of nonlinear exotic electromagnetic materials, (ii) the design of devices comprising both regions containing uniform and regions containing non-uniform exotic materials, (iii) the design of exotic materials of size and complexity as encountered in practical situations, and (iv) the deployment during the design process of computing infrastructure that is heterogenous and unreliable, allowing the use of more affordable hardware and leading to true scalability.
Applications of the gauge-gravity duality (APPGGD)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-CIG, 2012)
Start date: 2012-08-01
End date: 2016-07-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

One of the most powerful tools to emerge from string theory is the gauge-gravity duality also called AdS/CFT. This is a strong-weak duality which allows one to relate strongly interacting gauge theories to classical gravity. In recent years the duality has found a wide range of applications spanning fields as diverse as heavy ion collisions, superconductivity, physics of black holes and superstrings. According to the gauge-gravity duality a black hole geometry is equivalent to a thermal state of a gauge-theory. Consequently, hydrodynamic properties of the gauge theory can be accounted for by properties of the black hole horizon. This proposal aims at building upon the relation between black hole horizons and hydrodynamics in order to utilize unique features of hydrodynamic such as turbulence or the role of the second law of thermodynamics to understand the behavior of black holes. Likewise, it proposes to uncover novel hydrodynamic effects using our current understanding of black hole physics. Unsolved age-old problems involving turbulence or black hole thermodynamics are at the forefront of scientific research. This proposal aims to tackle such problems using innovative, state-of-the-art tools and methods. The results of this work will enrich our understanding of both hydrodynamics and black hole mechanics and, in addition, constitute a significant step forward in the way we perceive the interplay between them.

Keywords: ads/cft,string theory,p101 fundamental interactions and fields
Logical re-routing of cellular communication networks by DNA origami nanorobot (DNA NANO-ROUTERS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-CIG, 2012)
Start date: 2013-12-01
End date: 2017-11-30
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

Almost every aspect of higher organism biology such as metabolism, growth and immunity, is regulated by intricate communication networks between multiple cell types. The ability to skew or interfere with these networks could lead to new ways to alleviate diseases caused or maintained by the interacting cells. However, since these cells are often dispersed across the entire organism, precise modulation of a single communication line is very challenging. In this project I propose to achieve this goal by DNA origami nanorobots programmed as routing devices for cell-cell communication. Each nanorobot is programmed to collect and sequester a specific type of signal molecule (cytokine, hormone etc.), and deliver it exclusively to a specific type of cell. Once programmed, a large group of nanorobots (~1016) effectively controls the traffic of signal molecules within an entire network, rendering it susceptible to arbitrary manipulations. These include re-routing signals to different cell addresses, up- or down-tuning the traffic volume in the path, or preventing a specific cell type from transmitting and receiving signals. This technology presents an advanced working draft towards automated biology as a strategy to solve challenges such as food, sustainable energy, emerging diseases etc.

Keywords: l812 synthetic biology and new bio-engineering concepts
Understanding mutation using genome-wide sequence-based approaches (WGEN MUTATION)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-CIG, 2012)
Start date: 2012-08-01
End date: 2016-07-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Mutation is the ultimate source of all genetic variation and as such propels the many biological processes that depend on such variation. These include such medically relevant processes as the development of antibiotic resistance, adaptation of pathogens and commensal bacteria to their hosts, and cancer development. Despite the importance of mutation we currently know very little about the dynamics of how the mutational process affects patterns of genomic variation. I propose here to creatively utilize new sequencing technologies, and the resulting ability to obtain extremely large quantities of genomic sequence data to, in a manner never before possible, study mutation, and variation in mutation at a genome-wide level. The work proposed here will address some of the most pressing open questions regarding mutation, and how it shapes patterns of genomic variation: I will use genome-wide, unbiased approaches to quantify overall mutation rates, and elucidate the ways in which differences in the relative rates of different types of mutations bias the patterns of genomic variation generated by mutation. I will reveal how the overall rates of mutation, and the biases introduced by mutation vary, be it between different bacterial lineages, within bacterial populations, in response to changes in bacterial growth, or in the case of somatic mutation in mammals, with age. In addition to shedding much light on what is one of the major forces of evolution, the results of this project will have clear implications for, among other things, our ability to elucidate function from data of genomic variation, our understanding of medically relevant bacterial adaptations, and our understanding of cancer development, and the relationship between cancer and aging.

Keywords: genomics,evolutionary biology,mutation,quantitative biology,interdiciplinary,microbiology,whole-genome sequencing,compuational biology,natural selection,stress induced mutagenesis,aging
Improving medical treatment adherence : taking into account patients' perception of uncertainty in the causal relationship between their adherence behaviour and their health condition. (IMPROVINGADHERENCE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-CIG, 2012)
Start date: 2012-11-01
End date: 2015-10-31
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 75000.0
EU funding (EUR): 75000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Non-adherence, defined as the discrepancy between patients' behaviour and medical prescriptions, is a massive public health issue, the consequences of which are serious. Nearly half of the patients who have a chronic disease do not take their treatment as prescribed. In order to improve our understanding of this phenomenon and to remedy it, the proposed research will examine following hypothesis : in the case of long-term conditions for which a treatment is effective and has little side effects, a cause of intentional non-adherence could be that (1) the patients perceive or, in a way, create, different types of uncertainty regarding the causal relationship between their treatment and their health and that (2) they consider that this uncertainty makes the case for non-adherence. This assumption is based on patients' adherence behaviour that I evidenced in previous research on cystic fibrosis and Wilson's disease. The proposed research will consider 4 disorders and 5 treatments that are : chronic myeloid leukemia treated with imatinib, Parkinson's disease treated with dopamine agonists and by L-DOPA, diabetes 2 treated with metformin and hypertension treated with antihypertensive treatments. The inquiry will proceed in three steps, that aim at (1) understanding the phenomenon through a qualitative study (focus groups and interviews), (2) designing an intervention based on this understanding, through an interventional study, in order to reduce the phenomenon and (3) at validating empirically the effectiveness of the intervention, through a quantitative study. The proposed research matches the first goal of the Horizon 2020 programme for a Better Society. It is at the intersection of 3 academic disciplines: (1) sociology of health, (2) psychology of risk perception and behaviour change and (3) medicine, i.e. chronic disease management. And it is to be performed in a Franco-Dutch cooperation between Université Lille 2 and Technical University Eindhoven.

Keywords: treatment adherence,uncertainty,disease perception,expert patient,chronic condition,illness behaviour,risk perception
Integrated Modeling and Optimization of Quality Control, Product Reliability, and Maintenance for Advanced and Evolving Technologies (IO_Q&RM)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-CIG, 2012)
Start date: 2012-10-01
End date: 2016-09-30
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This proposal describes a research plan for integrated modeling and optimization of quality control, product reliability and maintenance activities that can facilitate the continued advancement of novel and evolving technologies. Recent design achievements for many evolving technologies, such as micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), and micro-manufacturing systems, have been particularly impressive and offer great potential for many critical applications in aerospace, biological/medical, and nuclear areas. However, if these advanced technologies are to be delivered to the real operating environment, there must also be innovative research focusing on quality, reliability and maintenance. For MEMS and micro-manufacturing systems, traditional modeling approaches are inadequate or inefficient because new failure mechanisms have arisen, or because the high process variability and measurement error of micro-manufacturing systems create new problems for quality control, or because quality and reliability are inherently intertwined for micro devices. Successful development of new effective models for quality and reliability and maintenance can boost the commercialization of novel technologies. Meanwhile it will lead to fundamentally new perspectives on the application of quality and reliability concepts for evolving technologies. I have been researching these issues and will continue to collaborate with the researchers in the host organization and the researchers from Rutgers University (U.S.A.) and University of Houston (U.S.A.) to address this important research problem in this project.

Keywords: reliability engineering,maintenance optimization,quality control,micro manufacturing,mems
Evolution of Tolerance to an Anti-Androgen. (ETAA)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-CIG, 2012)
Start date: 2012-08-01
End date: 2016-07-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The research outlined in this proposal investigates the potential for exposure to endocrine active chemicals (EACs) to influence evolutionary processes within fish populations. The EACs are globally recognised as a prevalent group of environmental contaminants that are known to induce reproductive abnormalities in a range of vertebrates. Although the impact of exposure to these chemicals is well documented, at the level of the individual, it is not yet clear how, or if, these contaminants have the potential to influence evolutionary processes. Such information is urgently needed to understand the implications of exposure to EACs for wild populations and to better inform risk management strategies. The research proposed here adopts a quantitative genetics approach to determine whether an EAC can generate selection within an exposed population and whether the population can respond to this selection. Specifically experiments will be conducted to (1) estimate additive genetic variation for plasticity in phenotypic responses to flutamide; (2) assess the response to selection over four rounds of truncation selection; (3) determine whether there is evidence for correlated responses to selection in traits that are not under direct selection. The results from these experiments will inform on the potential for EACs to impact the health and viability of fish populations and will further inform risk management strategies for EACs. The results will be published in leading journals in the environmental sciences and presented at international meetings. This will provide an excellent foundation on which to develop collaborative scientific networks and attract future competitive research funding to both identify the genes underlying the tolerant phenotype and to assess the potential costs associated with tolerance.

Keywords: v307 environmental toxicology,v309 systems evolution - biological adaptation - phylogenetics - systematics
Combined 4D experimental grain-scale characterisation of grain-strains, force transfer and kinematics in natural granular material (sand) under load (GRANULAR MECHANICS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Sweden
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-CIG, 2012)
Start date: 2012-09-01
End date: 2016-08-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Granular materials, such as sand, are complex systems in which relatively simple building blocks (i.e., contacting particles - sand grains) behave and interact collectively and in complicated ways. These interactions produce structural evolution over a range of different spatial and temporal scales from contacting-particle interactions to intermediate (meso-) scale communication and structure formation (e.g., localised deformation such as shear bands) to longer-range pattern formation. These kinematic effects are associated with the build-up of stress and possible relaxation via structural reorganisation and particle damage. Furthermore, such particulate masses are frictional and their behaviours are dependent on the mean stress, therefore the same material can exhibit a range of mechanical behaviours, depending on the conditions, from being similar to fluids to behaving more like solids (although never being exactly either). Accurate simulation of the mechanical behaviour of granular systems is thus non-trivial and remains an open challenge. Whilst there is much theoretical and numerical research into improving these simulations, there is significantly less research into the mechanical characterisation and quantification of the micro-scale mechanics, which is necessary to support the ever-more sophisticated modelling. This research tackles the experimental challenge and, in particular, the quest for one of the holy grails of granular mechanics, namely the combined measurement of the kinematics and force transmission in real 3D materials during loading. The research has implications in terrestrial geomechanical/geotechnical engineering challenges, e.g., in optimising foundations or tunnels to mitigate risks of structural failure. There are also extra-terrestrial implications relating to the need to know/predict the mechanical behaviour of soils at lunar/Martian landing sites so as to reduce the risk of very costly landing failures.

Keywords: geomechanics,granular matter,experimental mechanics,3d image analysis,x-ray tomography,x-ray diffraction