Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of Whi3 Aggregation and its Age-dependent Malfunction (MemoryAggregates)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Life Sciences
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2018, 2018)
Start date: 2020-09-01
End date: 2022-08-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 203149.44
EU funding (EUR): 203149.44
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Age-associated neurodegenerative diseases are characterised by the irreversible pathological aggregation of proteins with low complexity (LC) sequences. In contrast, cells can exploit LC protein aggregation to help them adapt to changing environments. The factors that determine whether an aggregate is functional or pathological are unclear. How do cells control protein aggregation? Are age-associated diseases caused by loss of control over functional protein aggregates? To address these questions, we will study how yeast cells induce aggregation of Whi3, an LC RNA-binding protein, in order to memorise failed mating attempts. Using mass spectrometry, fluorescence microscopy and biochemical assays, we will determine whether post-translational modifications, RNA-binding and protein sequence affect Whi3 aggregation and function. We will then characterise the material properties and structures of Whi3 aggregates using cryo-electron tomography. Once we understand how cells control Whi3 aggregation, we will investigate whether this regulatory mechanism deteriorates in old cells, and whether the properties and structures of age-induced aggregates differ from their functional counterparts. These studies will improve our understanding of the largely unexplored phenomenon of functional protein aggregation, and how ageing promotes the uncontrolled protein aggregation underlying neurodegenerative diseases.

Keywords: protein aggregation,ageing,phase transition,prion,single cell memory
The Internet Of Historical Things And Building New 3D Cultural Worlds (DigiArt)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Societal Challenges
Programme: Europe in a changing world - inclusive, innovative and reflective societies
Theme: Reflective societies - cultural heritage and European identity
Action type: Research and Innovation actions
Countries involved: Greece,Belgium,Greece,Switzerland,France,France,United Kingdom,United Kingdom
Call: Advanced 3D modelling for accessing and understanding European cultural assets (H2020-REFLECTIVE-7-2014, 2014)
Start date: 2015-06-01
End date: 2018-11-30
Duration (months): 42.0
Total project cost (EUR): 3056765.0
EU funding (EUR): 2354147.5
Participants: 8
Project status: CLOSED

DigiArt seeks to provide a new, cost efficient solution to the capture, processing and display of cultural artefacts. It offers innovative 3D capture systems and methodologies, including aerial capture via drones, automatic registration and modelling techniques to speed up post-capture processing (which is a major bottleneck), semantic image analysis to extract features from digital 3D representations, a “story telling engine” offering a pathway to a deeper understanding of art, and also augmented/virtual reality technologies offering advanced abilities for viewing, or interacting with the 3D models. The 3D data captured by the scanners and drones, using techniques such as laser detection and ranging (LIDAR), are processed through robust features that cope with imperfect data. Semantic analysis by automatic feature extraction is used to form hyper-links between artefacts. These links are employed to connect the artefacts in what the project terms “the internet of historical things”, available anywhere, at any time, on any web-enabled device. The contextual view of art is very much enhanced by the “story telling engine” that is developed within the project. The system presents the artefact, linked to its context, in an immersive display with virtual and/or with augmented reality. Linkages and information are superimposed over the view of the item itself. The major output of the project is the toolset that will be used by museums to create such a revolutionary way of viewing and experiencing artefacts. These tools leverage the interdisciplinary skill sets of the partners to cover the complete process, namely data capture, data processing, story building, 3D visualization and 3D interaction, offering new pathways to deeper understanding of European culture. Via its three demonstration activities, the project establishes the viability of the approach in three different museum settings, offering a range of artefacts posing different challenges to the system.

Keywords: digitisation,modelling,representation,semantics,scanning,drones,sensors,cultural heritage,museums,archaeology
Mosaic loss of chromosome Y (LOY) in blood cells - a new biomarker for risk of cancer and Alzheimer’s disease in men (DIALOY)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Panel description: Medical technologies and tools for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of human diseases, therapeutic approaches and interventions, pharmacology, preventative medicine, epidemiology and public health, digital medicine
Countries involved: Sweden
Call: ERC Starting Grant (ERC-2015-STG, 2015)
Start date: 2016-03-01
End date: 2021-02-28
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1525000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1525000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

My recent discoveries show that mosaic loss of chromosome Y (LOY) in peripheral blood is associated with increased risks of cancer and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). These conditions are responsible for >50% of morbidity/mortality in aging men. More than 15% of men older than 70 show some degree of LOY and these men survive on average only half as long as men without LOY. Smoking is strongly associated with LOY and remarkably, the fraction of cells with LOY decreases after cessation of smoking. Cells with LOY can be detected, and disease risks predicted, many years before clinical manifestation of disease. These results of associations between LOY, cancer and smoking have been published in Nature Genetics and Science during 2014. The overall objective of the proposal is to develop LOY as a new, strong and predictive biomarker. To this end, the research program focuses on three objectives: 1) expanding the study of LOY and associations with disease risks in still larger cohorts; 2) investigating functional aspects of LOY; and 3) develop improved technology for LOY-detection. The successful execution of the project is essential before LOY-testing in clinics can be realized. Diagnosis of cancer and AD in modern medicine is based on clinical symptoms of disease. Through earlier identification of individuals at increased risk for disease, preventive strategies could be applied, before the severe stages appear. Preliminary results affirm the feasibility of the project and provide proof-of-concept that LOY-tests can be used for early identification of men with increased risks for these diseases. In addition to improving diagnostics and therapeutics; implementation of LOY-testing could prevent smoking-related disease and reduce the health care costs. In the end, LOY-testing could decrease male mortality rates and possibly eliminate the sex-difference in life expectancy. The project will therefore benefit individual patients as well as healthcare systems and society at large.
Decoding the Nature of Flapping Flight by port-Hamiltonian System Theory (PORTWINGS)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Systems and communication engineering
Panel description: Electrical, electronic, communication, optical and systems engineering
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call: ERC Advanced Grant (ERC-2017-ADG, 2017)
Start date: 2018-10-01
End date: 2024-03-31
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2800000.0
EU funding (EUR): 2800000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

Flapping flight is one of the wonders of nature and has been vastly studied by biologists and fluid dynamicists. Many artifacts that mimic biological systems have been built at different scales. For example, we have managed to create a system that resembles the steady flapping behaviour of its biological counterpart and can fly untethered, stably up to 80 km/h in up to 5 Beaufort wind speed. This is the Robird developed at the University of Twente, which got the 2016 ERF Tech Transfer Award, and is commercially exploited by Clear Flight Solutions. Even if this technology and results are unique and recognised worldwide, we still do not fully understand flapping flight to the scientific depth needed to go even further. The Robird cannot take off on its own, cannot perch, uses symmetric flapping, steers using a number of manifolds placed on the tail and has a minimal autonomy and a restricted operation time due to power consumption. In this project I propose to gain a much deeper structured understanding of flapping flight and experimentally validate these understandings. This will be done using port-Hamiltonian (PH) system theory and its physically unifying character, which will couple fluid dynamics theory to dynamically changing surfaces and their actuation. Once models will be validated by wind tunnel tests with flow visualisation, numerical optimisation will be used to fine tune models and search for uncertain parameters. Based on these findings, artifacts will be built to validate the generated models with real systems. Based on the insight gained, a new robotic bird will be realised with unprecedented flight dexterity, able to flap asymmetrically, adapt to the flow and take off and land as birds do, in order to validate the scientific understandings.
Prenatal Stress Investigation in Cerebral Organoids: a multi-omics study at the level of single cells (PrenatalStressOmics)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Reintegration panel
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Life Sciences
Countries involved: Germany
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2017, 2017)
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 171460.8
EU funding (EUR): 171460.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Mental illnesses affect 25% of the EU population and share increased disease risk through long-term changes to the stress hormone system. These are precipitated as adversities during early life, including the prenatal period. Given the role of stress in causing mental illnesses, it is imperative to learn more about the molecular mechanisms involved. Some progress has been made in elucidating the neurobiology of stress, but many questions cannot be addressed with current tools, which include animal models and 2-dimensional human cell culture systems. This proposal aims to establish 3-dimensional culture systems called cerebral organoids – stem-cell-derived tissues that recapitulate features of the human brain – as research models for developmental psychiatric disturbances. We will focus on glucocorticoids (GCs), some of the primary mediators of stress exposure on the organism, and use organoids as a model of early developing brain. Molecular mechanisms will be compared between ‘stressed’ and ‘unstressed’ conditions, by sequencing the transcriptomes of individual cells. Furthermore, since stress-related disorders are mediated through epigenetic mechanisms, the impact of elevated GC exposure on specific cell types in the cerebral organoid model will be quantified at the epigenome level. These novel and powerful techniques will allow us to deconstruct tissue heterogeneity, elucidating the fine molecular underpinnings of human vulnerability and response to stress. Comparing findings to evidence from longitudinal human cohorts of mothers and their babies who underwent stress during pregnancy will allow placement of findings into the clinical context. This research would pave the way for translation into clinical research, and expedite transitions from basic research to identification of at-risk populations, and even intervention strategies.

Keywords: stress,early life adversity,prenatal stress,cerebral organoids,single cell sequencing,transcriptome,epigenome,psychiatry,mental health
Complex and Open Innovation for Networked Society (COINS)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Innovative Training Networks (ITN)-European Industrial Doctorates
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Economic Sciences
Countries involved: Sweden,United Kingdom,United Kingdom
Call: Marie Skłodowska-Curie Innovative Training Networks (ITN-EID) (H2020-MSCA-ITN-2015, 2015)
Start date: 2015-10-01
End date: 2019-09-30
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1366439.4
EU funding (EUR): 1366439.4
Participants: 3
Project status: CLOSED

COINS European Industrial Doctorate partnership will create a sustainable platform for researchers to engage in collaborative production of knowledge by investigating challenges for managing processes of complex and open innovation created by advances in digital technology. Five Early Stage Researchers, accompanied by experienced, interdisciplinary and intersectoral group of supervisors will study development of innovation capabilities required for organizations of different types to effectively respond to institutional, social and technological complexity in innovation ecosystems. Fellows will benefit of rich and unique complementary training programme, which will enable them to pursue variety of professional careers in academia, industry, consultancy and public policy. They will especially benefit from competency and skills for professional innovation management and technology entrepreneurship. An ambitious outreach programme will equip all fellows with appreciation of the role of business, entrepreneurship and technology in society. They will become responsible researchers and leaders capable of finding solutions for some of the greatest challenges facing our planet. The COINS objectives will be achieved by establishing a long-term partnership between the University of Leeds and Ericsson AB. They are joined by technology start-up Diamentech.

Keywords: innovation management,organizational capabilities,technology innovation,innovation ecosystems
How the expression of moral emotions affects third party punishment (EmoPun)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Social Sciences and Humanities
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2017, 2017)
Start date: 2018-09-10
End date: 2020-09-09
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 177598.8
EU funding (EUR): 177598.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Many researchers have suggested that cooperation is made possible by third party punishment (TPP) of free riders. TPP has its own free riding problem, though; it is costly in itself, and people can be tempted to let others incur the costs of punishing cheaters. Thriving research areas are currently seeking to explain how this second-order free rider problem is resolved – that is, how individuals are sufficiently compensated for engaging in TPP. One proposal suggests that individuals gain reputational benefits by punishing noncooperators. Yet the evidence supporting this proposal is equivocal: punishers are sometimes preferred, but they are also often avoided, perhaps because of uncertainty about their motives underlying TPP. Based on recent theoretical and empirical developments on the functions of disgust and anger, we suggest that the expression of these moral emotions can help explain the inconsistency in how observers perceive third party punishers, because emotions reveal information about the punishers’ motives and intentions. The proposed research aims to test whether disgust expressions increases trustworthiness of punishers whereas anger promotes a reputation for punitiveness and aggression. The research would simultaneously shed light on prominent debates about the differences between these emotions. Methods from behavioural economics, such as the third party punishment game and the trust game, will be integrated with methods from the social psychology of emotions used to test the interpersonal effects of emotion expression. Studies will also employ software that enables the collection of data from real-time behavioural interactions. The proposed research and training will enable the applicant, who has made important contributions to the literature on emotions, to gain crucial new expertise in cooperation and behavioural methods from leading experts at VU Amsterdam.

Keywords: moral emotions,disgust,anger,interpersonal effects of emotions,third party punishment tpp,evolution of cooperation
EU ERA Chair in Digital Cultural Heritage: Mnemosyne (MNEMOSYNE)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Spreading excellence and widening participation
Programme: ERA chairs
Theme: Attracting and mobilising the best talents
Action type: Coordination and support actions
Countries involved: Cyprus
Call: ERA Chairs (H2020-WIDESPREAD-03-2017-ERAChairs, 2017)
Start date: 2019-01-01
End date: 2023-12-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2495375.0
EU funding (EUR): 2495375.0
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

Cultural Heritage is a strategic resource for Europe with high cultural, social, environmental and economic value. The era of Digital Cultural Heritage (DCH) is now well underway and the European research resource for DCH has grown significantly in recent years. But the visible contribution of the Widening countries to this effort remains relatively weak. The Digital Heritage Research Laboratory (DHRLab) at Cyprus University of Technology (CUT) has been an exception in this respect, becoming a beacon in the Eastern Mediterranean and for Europe in general, in particular through its leadership of key initiatives in DCH research training and in policy co-ordination and support. While the Cypriot economy gradually recovers, in order to maintain and expand its leading role in DCH research, DHRLab needs further investment. The call for ERA Chairs is an ideal opportunity to ensure this by means of a well-designed and iterative process of strengthening its research capacity and restructuring of its role. Mnemosyne will proceed from the appointment of an outstanding researcher and research manager as ERA Chair holder in 2018 who will attract, direct and maintain high quality human resources and negotiate and implement the necessary structural changes to achieve excellence on a sustainable basis. The project will be carried out over a period of 5 years. Following recruitment of the ERA Chair Research Team, a three-phase research programme centred on holistic documentation of the DCH life cycle in support of existing and potential user needs will be carried out and extensively evaluated, with strong attention paid to exploitation. Communication activities, will be strategically planned and refined from the outset of the work and will last throughout the project duration.

Keywords: digital cultural heritage holistic documentation lifecycle
Bacterial leaf symbiosis: what environmental factors influence it and does it drive host plant speciation (Symbiosis)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Environment and Geosciences
Countries involved: Denmark
Call: Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships (IF-EF) (H2020-MSCA-IF-2014, 2014)
Start date: 2016-01-01
End date: 2017-12-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 212194.8
EU funding (EUR): 212194.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Virtually all plants interact with endosymbiotic microorganisms that inhabit various plant organs. The biotechnological applications of endosymbiotic bacteria can be numerous (e.g. sustainable agriculture through biocontrol and biofertilization). Accordingly, current research efforts have focused on the molecular mechanisms involved in microbial endosymbiosis. Although these interactions can be beneficial, neutral or detrimental to the host and may play a larger role on host fitness and survival, the long-term effects of endosymbiosis on diversification patterns are still unknown. In this project, the ecological conditions for the establishment of leaf endosymbiosis and the long-term effect on the host plant speciation will be studied for the first time through a unique combination of plant diversity, endophytes, ecology and time. The key scientific objectives are (1) to identify the significant environmental factors influencing the presence of bacterial leaf symbionts and (2) to test if bacterial leaf symbiosis acts as a driver for speciation. This will enable us to answer under which circumstances endosymbiotic plant-bacteria interactions are established in nature, what is the stimulus of these interactions, and what are the consequences for the evolutionary history of both endosymbiont and host. This knowledge will provide a better understanding of the impact of long-term endosymbiosis on plant diversification processes. A central aspect of this proposal is the synergy between the applicant and the beneficiary. The pioneering PhD work of the applicant in the field of bacterial leaf symbiosis will now be taken to a new and predictive level by adding an evolutionary perspective with the help of the expertise of leading scientists studying the impact of biological interactions on biodiversity, state-of-the-art facilities including next generation sequencing and a vibrant and internationally renowned research community at the Natural History Museum of Denmark.