Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Lithium isotopes as a tracer for changes in interglacial-glacial weathering processes (LITING)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-09-16
End date: 2016-06-07
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 231283.2
EU funding (EUR): 231283.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Silicate weathering is a long term CO2 sink and silicate weathering rates influence, and are influenced by, climate change. Understanding the environmental factors which control silicate weathering rates will enable a greater understanding of both past and future global climate. This project focuses on the effect of climate change (on glacial-interglacial timescales) on weathering rates which is currently poorly understood. This is important not only for CO2 consumption by silicate weathering but also nutrient supply to terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Weathering processes are expected to change during glacial-interglacial transitions and this project will quantify changes in weathering intensity over different time-scales using lithium isotope ratios. Lithium isotopes have been proposed as a sensitive tracer of weathering processes but a complete understanding of their behaviour in the weathering environment is still lacking. A three-pronged approach will be used which combines samples from lithologically identical glaciated and unglaciated catchments, laboratory experiments and a marine sediment core. All samples are derived from the high Arctic: a region which has witnessed repeated glaciation in the past and is the region on Earth most sensitive to modern climate change. The laboratory experiments will quantify lithium isotope fractionation as a result of specific weathering reactions, enabling differences in the lithium isotopic composition of field samples to be linked directly to specific weathering processes. Utilising the results of the field samples and laboratory experiments, the marine sediment core will be used to quantify how weathering intensity has changed in the past in response to well documented dramatic changes in climate. This will pave the way for the development of a new proxy of chemical weathering intensity applicable on a global scale and will serve to establish the European research area as a world leader in weathering processes.

Keywords: geochemistry,chemical weathering,isotope geochemistry,glacial-interglacial cycles,lithium isotopes
Spatial variation in community structure: species, functional and phylogenetic diversity at different scales (COMMSTRUCT)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2014-05-01
End date: 2016-08-20
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 173370.6
EU funding (EUR): 173370.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Unifying community ecology and biogeography is essential for the advance of ecological research. Although spatial scale is known to be important to understand community structure, current knowledge on spatial variation of functional and phylogenetic diversity is limited. COMMSTRUCT aims to study how community structure and assembly vary in space across different extents and scales. Community structure can be described through different parameters, from species richness to composition in terms of traits (i.e. trait/functional diversity) or evolutionary units (i.e. phylogenetic diversity). Given that community assembly processes are affected by the functional characteristics of the coexisting species and their phylogenetic relatedness, the simple use of species richness as a measure of structure has important limitations. Thus, this project seeks the following specific objectives: (i) examine the factors affecting large-scale spatial covariation between species, functional and phylogenetic diversity; (ii) characterize cross-scale variations in the functional and phylogenetic structure of communities; (iii) identify environmental factors and other spatially-structured effects that may influence the cross-scale variations in the functional and phylogenetic structure of communities; and (iv) identify the main processes affecting community assembly at different scales. Spatial statistics, partial regressions and null models will be used to pursue these objectives, using data on the distribution of mammals and European dung beetles at different geographical extents and scales. The results of COMMSTRUCT are fundamental for the development of biodiversity science as they will contribute to build up the basis of the theory on how diversity is structured across spatial scales, ultimately bridging the gaps between biogeography, macroecology and community ecology and helping to integrate these fields into a unified framework.

Keywords: v303 biogeography,v305 ecology,biodiversity,community ecology,macroecology,spatial scale,functional diversity,phylogenetic diversity,mammals,dung beetles
China's Economic Relations with Western Europe during Cold War (1952-66) (CHINFISI)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-09-01
End date: 2015-08-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 309235.2
EU funding (EUR): 309235.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The CHINFISI project will explore the PRC economic and commercial relations with European non-Communist countries in the period 1952 – 1966, building upon my previous research on the socialization of economy in the PRC during the 1950s, as well as on my current research on Italian economic relations with China during the 1950s‐60s. The most common thesis held by historians maintain as following: 1) the supremacy of US foreign policy informed the policies carried out by European allies. b) Deng’s reforming action is a prerequisit condition for the birth of China’s economic and political relations with capitalist countries. c) Economic relations between PRC and western non-communist countries started only after 1979, after Deng’s economic reforms and the normalization of PRC-US relations. On the contrary, a few authors show that PRC’s economic relations with Western European countries in the mid-late 1950s and in the 1960s, were already rich and varied. Was China during Cold War actually secluded from the non‐bloc world and thoroughly hostile to any interplay with capitalism? Or was PRC maybe more integrated into the “free” trading system of the time? Can we confirm that the United States made the first move to creating relations with China? Or were the Western European countries? The CHINFISI project can be placed in the framework of a much wider historiographical debate, which recently led to a new approach to Cold War, giving voice not only to the two main powers, but to all the actors involved. In the last decade China, though at a lesser extent respect to former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, has started to declassify Cold War documents, showing a more open approach on the matter. By combining the methodologies developed by international history and business history, the CHINFISI project will carry out a multi-archival research aiming at discovering the role played by “secondary” actors, such as PRC and EC-countries.

Keywords: s410 social - economic - cultural and political history cold war china western europe economic relations
Real-Time Monitoring of Methane Isotopes in Ambient Air (METHANE ISOTOPES)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Finland
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IIF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-05-01
End date: 2015-06-09
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 207613.2
EU funding (EUR): 207613.2
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

Methane is one of the three most important greenhouse gases and is considered responsible for 20% of the observed enhanced greenhouse effect. As one of six gases targeted under the Kyoto protocol, EU member states require accurate knowledge of their methane emissions to meet their annual reporting requirements. Whilst total global emissions are well constrained, emissions by source sector are less well known and current observation networks are unable to verify emission reductions at a national level. A valuable tool for distinguishing amongst emission sources is isotopic measurement. The acquisition of real-time, high-precision isotopic methane data, when coupled with back-trajectory analysis, provides a measureable discriminant which can identify methane emissions by geographic location, time and source type. Such information will be invaluable in providing a quantitative understanding of methane sources and sinks, which in turn will be critical for the implementation of methane emission mitigation strategies and enforcement of regulatory legislation. The development and application of a transportable, ultra-sensitive optical spectrometer is thus proposed, to allow, for the first time, real-time measurement of the ratios of stable methane isotopologues in atmospheric samples. This will permit measurements on a timescale sufficient for back-trajectory analysis. The project focuses on developing a new analytical technique capable of detecting 12CH4, 13CH4 and CH3D in atmospheric samples at sub parts-per-billion sensitivity, and providing information on the isotopic fractionation within these samples on a 1 Hz timescale, with measurements that can be traceable to the SI system. The applicant will incorporate his chemical physics experience in gas phase molecular spectroscopy with the optical detection expertise of the host institute on a project which can provide significant contributions to the fields of atmospheric research and environmental monitoring.

Keywords: p304 spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques,p116 metrology and measurement,v201 atmospheric chemistry - air pollution,c101 physical chemistry
Luminescent lanthanide dendrimer imaging agents for detection of cancer cells and tumors in vivo (DENDRIMAGE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-05-01
End date: 2015-04-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 194046.6
EU funding (EUR): 194046.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Luminescence is an attractive strategy for a low cost, real-time and unambiguous detection of cancer cells and tumors due to its high sensitivity and the versatility of the instrumentation. The actual bottleneck is related to the imaging agents whose performances directly control the sensitivity and the selectivity of the real-time detection in living biological systems. Lanthanide luminescence offers several important advantages over organic fluorophores and semiconductor nanocrystals: (i) sharp emission bands for spectral discrimination from autofluorescence and multiplex detection, (ii) emission in the near-infrared, (iii) long luminescence lifetime for temporal discrimination, and (iv) strong resistance to photobleaching. The main idea of this proposal is to create and use new dendrimer lanthanide-based luminescent imaging agents to establish a novel modality of in vivo cancer cells and tumor detection. The proposed work includes the design of luminescent dendrimer complexes, the detailed investigation of their spectroscopic properties, as well as the in vivo tests at the cellular (microscopy) and small animals (macroscopy) levels to evaluate the performances of these imaging agents for practical applications. Proposed unique dendrimer technology is a versatile tool allowing (i) the enhancement of detection sensitivity since many lanthanide ions and lanthanide sensitizers can be combined within one discrete molecule increasing the number of photons per unit volume, (ii) the attachment of a broad variety of lanthanide sensitizers, including those allowing low energy excitation that is less harmful for biological systems, and (iii) the conjugation with a large variety of peptides for selective cancer cells and tumor targeting. Overall, successful completion of this project will result in creation of a novel lanthanide-based imaging methodology allowing real-time, selective and sensitive detection of different types of cancer tumors on the early stages.

Keywords: c132 coordination chemistry,c103 spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques,c129 biomaterials synthesis,c138 macromolecular chemistry
European Ice Sheet Modeling Initiative (EURICE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-05-01
End date: 2015-04-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 166336.2
EU funding (EUR): 166336.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Continental ice sheets play an important role in the Earth system, holding enough water to raise sea level by several tens of meters. Due to the size and complexity of these systems, numerical models are needed to gain insight into their behavior and so computation has become a central part of the science. With these ideas in mind, this project has three goals: (1) the development of a new coupled climate-ice sheet model (2) advanced research on the stability of the Greenland ice sheet (GIS) during the past; and (3) the estimation of the future contribution of the GIS to sea level rise. In Earth system model development, model usability and reproducibility has rarely been emphasized, often to the detriment of long-term research goals. We will address this issue by building a modeling framework that is highly flexible, user-oriented and based on modern programming practices. We will incorporate and improve an intermediate complexity coupled climate-ice sheet model, a new approach that includes physically based parameterizations of critical feedbacks between the climate and the ice sheet. This will be an investment into the ability of our research group to perform novel simulations and it will provide the foundation for a new line of teaching in geosciences and numerical modeling. We will use this model to investigate the sensitivity of the GIS to climatic changes. We will perform several novel experiments concerning past evolution of the GIS, such as the first glacial inception of Greenland and other warm periods when the GIS contributed significantly to sea levels higher than today. These experiments will not only allow us to answer several open questions concerning the paleo evolution of Greenland, we will be able to constrain model parameters to realistic ranges using paleo data. We will then use the constrained model versions to quantify, in a probabilistic way, the future contribution of the GIS to sea level rise under various global warming scenarios.

Keywords: v201 climatology and climate change,v201 paleoclimatology - paleoecology,cryosphere,sea level rise
Mapping Products on Social Tagging Networks: Insights for Demand Forecast and Positioning (SOCIAL TAG MAPS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IIF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-09-01
End date: 2015-08-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 175974.6
EU funding (EUR): 175974.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Social tagging is a new way to share and categorize content, allowing users to express their thoughts, perceptions, and feelings with respect to concepts such as products or brands with their own keywords, “tags.” With this system, products can be connected through user-generated keywords, and the rich associative information in social tagging networks provides marketers with opportunities to infer customers’ mental schema toward a product. This research investigates whether the semantic position of products on social tagging networks can predict sales dynamics. This research shows that product positioning maps utilizing products-to-tags networks have distinct informational value in predicting sales dynamics. More specifically, this research suggests that (1) books in long tail can increase sales by being strongly linked to socially popular keywords and well-known keywords with high degree centrality and (2) top sellers can be better sellers by creating dense content clusters rather than connecting them to well-known keywords with high degree centrality. Our findings suggest that marketing managers understand better a user community’s perception of products and potentially influence product sales by taking into account the positioning of their products within social tagging networks.

Keywords: user-generated content,social tags,concept maps,networks,positioning
Green Energy for Islands (GENERGIS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Greece
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-05-01
End date: 2015-04-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 161968.8
EU funding (EUR): 161968.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Anthropogenically induced climate change is one of the most important problems the world faces today. Harmful greenhouse gas emissions must be decreased significantly in order to account for increases in the population and energy demand. Under the Europe 2020 flagship initiative for a resource-efficient Europe the Energy Efficiency Plan was adopted with the following priorities: (1) an economy that agrees with the planet’s resources, (2) low carbon systems, (3) improvement of EU energy independence and (4) improvement of the security of energy supply. Renewable energy resources satisfy all goals set by the European Union. They are abundant in nature and can provide energy generation with minimum emissions, while contributing towards energy independence and better security. Nevertheless, their application and adoption in communities is relatively slow. Social awareness can induce the active participation of the public in the reduction of energy consumption and the promotion of new technologies that can lead to more sustainable living. In Green Energy for Islands (GENERGIS) social issues will be coupled with local politics, energy policies with engineering practices and environmental benefits with economic considerations. This project aims to analyze the energy situation of an island in the Mediterranean and plan its transition towards energy sufficiency based on renewable resources. In contrast to most projects realized until today, GENERGIS will (1) greatly involve the people of the community in the decision-making process and raise public awareness, (2) involve local regulative authorities of the community, (3) perform more detailed technical calculations through simulations, as well as exhaustive economic and environmental analyses, and (4) propose a concrete energy plan for transitioning to 100% sustainable living. Additionally, it aims to create the first guide for sustainable development based on political, social, environmental and economic data.

Keywords: v101 environment and sustainability,v103 social and industrial ecology,v201 environmental engineering and geotechnics,g306 energy systems,g203 simulation engineering and modelling
The impact of nutrition on fish under multiple stress situations: the influence of lipids in sensitivity to metals and thermal stress. (FISHSTRESS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Belgium
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-09-01
End date: 2016-01-11
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 169800.0
EU funding (EUR): 169800.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

In Europe, natural and man-engineered aquatic ecosystems undergo multiple anthropogenic pressures that challenge their good functioning and/or productivity. Most of ecotoxicological studies have been focusing on single stressor whereas the combined effects of multiple stressors may not simply be additive, but antagonistic or synergistic. Therefore, the FishStress project addresses the question of multiple stressors in fish with a focus on nutrient/nutritional stress, chemical stress induced by metals and thermal stress since these are the drivers of ecosystem health and aquaculture productivity. The main objectives are to determine the effect of nutritional quality, tissue lipid status and selected lipids on the response of fish cells, tissues and individuals to metal (Cd and MeHg) and thermal stress across different levels of biological organisation and to verify to what extent multiple stress effects occurring at higher levels of organisation can be predicted/explained based on observations of effects occurring at lower levels. During the 2 years of the project, different experiments on fish (zebra fish and rainbow trout) will be conducted. On one hand the influence of different FA profiles of fish on their further sensitivity to metal exposure and/or thermal stress will be studied. On the other hand, the influence of metal exposure or thermal stress during fish maturation on the assimilation of different FA will be investigated. The investigation will be conducted at different levels of biological organisation (from cells to population) and will involve molecular biological measurements (e.g. genomic studies, antioxidant enzymes activities) as well as fitness' indicators (e.g. growth, reproduction). Thanks to this approach, the FishStress project will provide a solid framework to better understand multiple stressors on fish and to link the biological effects across biological levels of organisation.

Keywords: ecotoxicological tests,exposure history,l202 transcriptomics,l203 proteomics,mehg,zebra fish,rainbow trout,v307 environmental toxicology,v101 environment and sustainability