Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Signal Formation in Synaptic Circuits with Astroglia (NETSIGNAL)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Neurosciences and neural disorders
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2012-ADG_20120314, 2012)
Start date: 2013-06-01
End date: 2018-05-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2497690.0
EU funding (EUR): 2497690.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

In the past decade, astroglia have emerged as an active and critical partner in neural circuit communication in the brain, in health and disease. However, the increasing variety of mechanisms which reportedly contribute to astroglia-neuron signal exchange is nearing a conceptual bottleneck. How these multiple and diverse mechanisms relate to the functional organisation of astroglia, whether this relationship persists or whether it adapts to neural activity remains poorly understood. Building upon substantial preliminary work and extensive collaboration, our overall objective is to establish principles that guide signal formation, integration and propagation in neural circuits interacting with astroglia. We will focus mainly on hippocampal circuitry and combine single-cell electrophysiology, multi-photon excitation imaging, time-resolved and super-resolution fluorescence microscopy, pharmaco- and optogenetic tools and extensive biophysical and neural network modelling. Firstly, we will establish whether and how glia-neuron signal exchange relates to the structure and function of individual synaptic connections represented by postsynaptic dendritic spines and presynaptic axonal boutons. Secondly, we will identify cellular mechanisms by which individual astrocytes integrate, in space and time, calcium signals arising from distinct types of local physiological input. Thirdly, we will determine physiological machinery that prompts use-dependent, meta-plastic changes in the neural circuit-astroglia exchange and in glial signal processing. Fourthly, we will establish the relationship between neural network oscillations and periodic activities of astroglial assemblies. Finally, we will undertake a computational and theoretical analysis of principles that govern the role astroglia in information handling by neural networks. We expect that the results will provide novel and conceptual insights into the basic machinery underpinning the activity of brain circuits.

Keywords: synaptic transmission,astroglia,neural networks,plasticity
Longevity and aging associated genes that control self-renewal and function of adult stem cells during aging (STEMCELLGERONTOGENES)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Physiology, Pathophysiology and Endocrinology
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (ERC-2012-ADG_20120314, 2012)
Start date: 2013-07-01
End date: 2018-06-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2498400.0
EU funding (EUR): 2498400.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Adult stem cells are essential for the lifelong maintenance and regeneration of various organs and tissues. Experimental and clinical data indicate that the functional capacity of adult stem cells in organ regeneration declines during aging. Molecular mechanisms that cause impairments in stem cell function during aging remain to be delineated. Genetic analyses identified a growing number of genes and genetic loci that are associated with longevity and aging in model organisms and humans. For most of these associations the molecular mechanisms and its functional relevance for mammalian aging remain unknown. In many cases of genetic loci associations, the responsible genes have not even been identified. A bottleneck in our understanding of aging remains to identify functionally relevant genes and molecular mechanisms from this growing list of genetic association with aging. Emerging experimental data indicate that aging/longevity-associated genes influence the functional reserve of adult stem cells. Here, I propose to develop and lead a research program analyzing longevity and aging associated genes and gene loci by reverse genetic approaches. In vivo and ex vivo RNAi will identify genes and molecular mechanisms that affect the function of stem cells in aging mice or genetically engineered mice modeling accelerated accumulation of molecular damages and stem cell dysfunction. Analysis of primary human stem cells from young vs. old donors will delineate whether the identified genes and mechanisms are conserved in humans. Reverse genetic approaches of aging/longevity-associated genes have not been conducted in adult mammalian stem cells. Our group gained significant expertise in analyzing molecular mechanisms of stem cell maintenance and function as well as in conducting RNAi screens in different murine stem cell compartments. Our studies will delineate novel mechanisms of stem cell aging and its implication for defects in organ homeostasis and regeneration during aging.
Cellular determinants of neuronal plasticity on the level of single synapses in vivo (INVIVOSYNAPSE)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Neurosciences and neural disorders
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (ERC-2012-ADG_20120314, 2012)
Start date: 2013-05-01
End date: 2018-04-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2404800.0
EU funding (EUR): 2404800.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The search for the fundamental mechanisms of learning and experience-dependent memory formation in the brain has long been a central quest in neuroscience. The neocortex is a particularly relevant region for plasticity because it is involved in sensory, motor, and cognitive tasks with strong learning components. However, despite many years of intensive research our knowledge of the neuronal mechanisms of plasticity on the level of single synapses in the intact living brain is still very limited. Here I propose the use of cutting edge technology, including the ultrasensitive LOTOS procedure of in vivo two-photon calcium imaging that was developed in our laboratory, to investigate for the first time the functional properties and the plasticity of signal synapses in auditory cortical pyramidal neurons of layers 2/3, 4 and 5 in vivo. For the study of the cellular determinants of synaptic plasticity we will focus on an associative learning paradigm underlying cued fear conditioning. Importantly, this paradigm can be rapidly and effectively induced not only in awake, but also in anesthetized animals and is therefore ideally suited for these studies. In addition to a comprehensive analysis of wild type animals, we will perform experiments in mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), aiming to identify the cellular cause of the devastating impairment of memory formation observed in patients suffering from AD.

Keywords: in vivo synaptic plasticity two-photon imaging
Joint Programming Initiative Connecting Climate Knowledge for Europe - Coordination and Support Action (JPI CLIMATE CSA)

Framework: FP7 — Cooperation
Programme: Environment (including Climate Change)
Destination: Coping with climate change
Action type: Coordination and support actions
Countries involved: Germany,France,Finland,Austria,Netherlands,United Kingdom,Netherlands,Italy,Belgium,Norway,Denmark,United Kingdom,Sweden,Ireland,Netherlands,Sweden
Call:  (FP7-JPROG-2012-RTD, 2012)
Start date: 2013-01-01
End date: 2015-12-31
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2418753.9
EU funding (EUR): 1997191.08
Participants: 18
Project status: CLOSED

The overall objective of this Coordination and Support Action is to coordinate and support the development and the implementation plans of the Joint Programming Initiative ‘Connecting Climate Knowledge for Europe’ (JPI Climate). The CSA will serve as a tool integrated in JPI Climate to enable it to address the challenges of climate change. Hence, it will contribute to the EU objective of building the European Research Area through enhanced cooperation and coordination of national research programmes. The CSA will coordinate preparatory activities within JPI Climate and will support the capacity-building process, with the aim of shortening the time required to reach the implementation phase. This will be done by further developing the common strategic research agenda and by refining the mapping exercise. With regard to the implementation a general concept for JPI Climate as a whole will be developed with preparing a catalogue of possible joint activities, developing and revising implementation schemes. Another main task of the CSA will be developing of a network strategy and the establishment of JPI Climate as the leading European platform to align policies in the area of climate research. This includes the coordination and development of synergies with the existing research and innovation schemes in the EU. The development of a strategy how to engage with member states not yet involved in JPI Climate and involve international institutions outside of Europe will complement this task. Further, the adaptation of the Framework Conditions will be an important step towards the implementation of JPI Climate. An appropriate use of the research findings requires effective communication strategies (web-sites, conferences, brochures). Therefore, the development of an optimized dissemination strategy will be part of the CSA as well.

Keywords: climate research joint programming network communication
Calendars in late Antiquity and the Middle Ages: standardization and fixation (CALENDARS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The study of the human past
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2012-ADG_20120411, 2012)
Start date: 2013-02-01
End date: 2018-01-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2499006.0
EU funding (EUR): 2499006.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This project will study how calendars evolved in late antique and medieval societies towards ever increasing standardization and fixation. The study of calendars has been neglected by historians as a technical curiosity; but in fact, the calendar was at the heart of ancient and medieval culture, as a structured concept of time, and as an organizing principle of social life. The history of calendars in late Antiquity and the Middle Ages was a complex social and cultural process, closely related to politics, science, and religion. The standardization and fixation of calendars was related in Antiquity to the rise of large, centralized empires in the Mediterranean and Near East, and in the Middle Ages, to the rise of the monotheistic, universalist religions of Christianity and Islam. The standardization and fixation of calendars contributed also, more widely, to the formation of a unified and universal culture in the ancient and medieval worlds. The standardization and fixation of ancient and medieval calendars will be analyzed by focusing on four, specific manifestations of this process: (1) the diffusion and standardization of the seven-day week in the Roman Empire; (2) the production of hemerologia (comparative calendar tables) in late Antiquity; (3) the use of Jewish calendar fixed cycles in medieval manuscripts; (4) the production and diffusion of monographs on the calendar by medieval Muslim, Christian, and Jewish scholars, especially al-Biruni’s Chronology of the Ancient Nations and Isaac Israeli’s Yesod Olam. Study of these four research areas will enable us to formulate a general interpretation and explanation of how and why calendars became increasingly standardized and fixed. This will be the first ever study of calendars on this scale, covering a wide range of historical periods and cultures, and involving a wide range of disciplines: social history, ancient and medieval astronomy and mathematics, study of religions, literature, epigraphy, and codicology.

Keywords: calendars
Preparation of ALLegro - Implementing Advanced Nuclear Fuel Cycle in Central Europe (ALLIANCE)

Framework: FP7 — Euratom
Programme: Nuclear fission and radiation protection
Theme: Research infrastructure
Destination: Reactor Systems
Action type: Coordination and support actions
Countries involved: Hungary,Czechia,Slovakia,France,Germany,France,Poland
Call:  (FP7-Fission-2012, 2012)
Start date: 2012-10-01
End date: 2015-09-30
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1396860.0
EU funding (EUR): 850000.0
Participants: 9
Project status: CLOSED

The ALLIANCE project focuses on the preparatory phase for developing the ALLEGRO demonstrator. This is based on the Gas Fast Reactor (GFR) concept, one of the 2 alternative systems under the SET-Plan’s European Sustainable Nuclear Industrial Initiative (ESNII), expected to be built in Central Europe. ALLIANCE covers a number of preliminary studies on fuel management, R&D roadmap & infrastructures needs, and siting, as well as the licensing roadmap, preliminary design and safety analysis. ALLIANCE will integrate experience and knowledge gained from the past or ongoing related initiatives. Arguments on why GFR technology could be accepted in Europe as a complementary option of SFR will be clearly stated. Furthermore map and highlight of national or regional initiatives supporting the development of this technology and list of countries interested in the hosting of the ALLEGRO demonstrator on its territory. The conditions for the site selection should be defined within this project. In addition the project specification on licensing and construction period will be suggested. For the R&D activities as well as for the operational and decommissioning phases specifications should be elaborated. These specifications would cover the licensing roadmap, financing and project organisation setup. According to the latest concept, a common Centre of Excellence will be created in Central Europe for GFR studies. The creation of the Centre will be the first step towards integration of fuel and reactor safety research in the region.

Keywords: gas fast reactor,nuclear fuel cycle,safety,licensing
Graduate and Executive Nuclear Training and Lifelong Education (GENTLE)

Framework: FP7 — Euratom
Programme: Nuclear fission and radiation protection
Theme: Support the development of nuclear competences at Union level and socio-economic aspects
Destination: Human Resources and training
Action type: Coordination and support actions
Countries involved: Netherlands,Hungary,Italy,Finland,European organisations area,Germany,Belgium,Spain,United Kingdom,Estonia,Switzerland,France
Call:  (FP7-Fission-2012, 2012)
Start date: 2013-01-01
End date: 2016-12-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2192518.3
EU funding (EUR): 1700000.0
Participants: 12
Project status: CLOSED

The GENTLE project is a pan-European effort in the field of education and training (E&T) on Nuclear Energy. It brings together leading European academic and research institutions with the goal to set up a life-long learning programme, strongly supported by stakeholders from industry. GENTLE focuses on two E&T domains: (a) the education of students by means of student research experiences in the nuclear laboratories, and intersemester courses on special topics that are generally not part of the academic curriculum, (b) a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) on nuclear energy hosted on one of the leading e-learning platforms. These tools will strongly impact on the education and training quality in Europe as they broaden the scope of interest to industry and safety organisations, and give the student better opportunities to obtain hands-on experience in high level nuclear research. This will help the European industry to consolidate its leading position in the international market. In addition, to the inter-consortium collaboration, GENTLE will actively coordinate E&T efforts in the domain and will initiate a dialogue with the associated stakeholders from industry on nuclear E&T in Europe, to steer its own E&T programme but also to advice the European Commission and EU member states. GENTLE is thus a holistic approach to training and education on nuclear energy and is complementary to the ongoing efforts in Europe.

Keywords: nuclear energy,training and education,ecvet,mobility of students and teachers
Conversion, Overlapping Religiosities, Polemics, Interaction: Early Modern Iberia and Beyond (CORPI)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The study of the human past
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (ERC-2012-ADG_20120411, 2012)
Start date: 2013-04-01
End date: 2019-03-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2498026.0
EU funding (EUR): 2498026.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

In an early sixteenth-century treatise Martín de Figuerola, a convert from Islam who sought to convince the Muslims of Valencia and Aragon to join him, reports a story he claims to have heard from the Muslim judge of Cocentaina (Valencia). The latter had told him that, in marriage contracts between local Muslims, it was customary for women to demand that their husbands take them to the capital city of Valencia for the springtime festivities of Corpus Christi and those of the Virgin Mary in August. Simply put, the purpose of this project is to unravel the complex interplay of all the ingredients that this apparently trivial yet fascinating anecdote encapsulates. It will bring under close analysis the existence in sixteenth-century Iberia of cross-currents common to different religious groups, areas of local religiosity in which different religions overlapped, and vague or hybrid sorts of religiosity which indicate the blurring of clear ascriptions, categories, and borders. At the same time, it will also scrutinize the efforts made by different social actors (and generations of scholars after them) to establish clear, essential differentiations, to define neat categories and ascriptions, and thus to separate, reject, and stigmatize individuals and groups. The project will study adversarial relationships reconceived as dependencies, against a complex backdrop of dramatic religious change: shortly before Martín de Figuerola’s text was written, Iberia's Jews had been expelled, and a few years later its Muslims would be forced to convert to Christianity, only to be expelled in their turn a century later. The multi-faceted analysis of these phenomena will involve unearthing new archival material, most notably Inquisition trials, as well as numerous sixteenth- and seventeenth-century texts (both manuscripts and early modern editions) ranging from new translations of the Qur’an and other Jewish and Islamic classics, to a rich polemical literature.

Keywords: conversion.assimilation.minorities.islam & judaism.hebrew & arabic.interreligious polemics.inquisition.cross-cultural contacts.counterreformation.exclusion & stigmatization.early modern iberia.heresy
Sovereigns as Trustees of Humanity: The Obligations of Nations in an Era of Global Interdependence (GLOBALTRUST)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Institutions, values, beliefs and behaviour
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (ERC-2012-ADG_20120411, 2012)
Start date: 2013-03-01
End date: 2018-02-28
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1405200.0
EU funding (EUR): 1405200.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Should sovereign governments be accountable only to their citizens or should they also consider the welfare of foreign stakeholders? Traditional doctrines on state sovereignty and citizenship offer a generally negative answer: Absent a specific, voluntarily accepted, treaty-based commitment, sovereign governments usually have no obligation to weigh foreigners’ interests. This traditional vision conceptualizes sovereigns as Janus-faced: Their public face is for domestic stakeholders to whom they are accountable and to whom they owe negative and positive obligations, and their private face is for all other stakeholders to whom their only obligation is the negative one of not inflicting a set of narrowly defined harms. The aim of this project is to revisit this Janus-faced concept of responsibility and to explore broader alternatives and their ramifications. This study will examine the scope of obligations sovereign governments currently have toward foreign stakeholders and humanity at large and will analyze the normative desirability and political feasibility of potential alternative strategies for enhancing sovereign accountability to non-citizens and promoting a more democratic, sustainable, and egalitarian management of public life and scarce global resources. This project will systematically review the extent to which current law (international law and comparative constitutional law) and institutions already regard sovereigns as public authorities accountable to foreign stakeholders. More specifically, this project will apply the general insights to examine the necessary and possible legal and institutional responses to climatic changes in an era of erratic and extreme weather conditions.

Keywords: international law,global governance,human rights,climate change,state sovereignty,global justice
High-Fidelity and High-Performance Laminar Wing Optimization (HIPERLAM)

Framework: FP7 — Cooperation
Programme: Joint Technology Initiatives (Annex IV-SP1)
Theme: Public-private partnerships
Destination: Clean Sky
Action type: Article 171 of the Treaty
Partnership: CLEAN-SKY (Art-185)
Countries involved: Sweden
Call:  (SP1-JTI-CS-2012-01, 2012)
Start date: 2012-09-01
End date: 2014-06-30
Duration (months): 22.0
Total project cost (EUR): 249999.6
EU funding (EUR): 187499.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

Proposed work aims at developing efficient optimization tools for NLF design where the cost function is the total drag (pressure and friction). The tool utilizes efficient and accurate computation of gradients of objective functions as well as robust parametrization of the geometry. Our approach uses Computational Fluid Dynamics followed by accurate boundary-layer stability analysis in order to find, by optimization, geometries that damp growth of boundary-layer disturbances in order to delay the laminar-turbulence transition. Gradient-based optimization and adjoint solvers are used in order to obtain the best numerical efficiency. The gradients are obtained through a chain of computations including adjoints of the flow equations and of the parabolized stability equations. Our method was initially developed for airfoils and recently extended to 3D wing design. Here, the tool will be improved by replacing the Euler equations of fluid dynamics by the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations. This allows us to account for the viscous-inviscid interactions and therefore obtain a more accurate evaluation of the aerodynamic performances such as the total drag, lift and pitching moment. In order to ensure high accuracy of the gradients, the adjoint of the RANS solver will include adjoint of the turbulence model. A mesh-less method based on Radial Basis Functions will be used for deforming the RANS meshes. This approach has proven to be much faster than elliptic smoothers on meshes that are suitable for RANS computations. Here, two shape parametrization methods suitable for industrial design will be implemented and compared. Further, an automatic and efficient procedure for nonlocal stability analysis will be implemented in order to facilitate the use of this approach in industrial projects.

Keywords: shape,optimization,adjoint method,rans,pse,natural laminar flow design,free-form deformation,radial basis functions