Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
AB Initio Simulations for Super-Earths (ABISSE)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Reintegration panel
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Environment and Geosciences
Countries involved: France
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2016, 2016)
Start date: 2017-09-04
End date: 2019-09-03
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 185076.0
EU funding (EUR): 185076.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Since the discovery of the first exoplanet, a gaseous giant planet, two decades of an extensive planet hunt led to an amazing inventory of close-by planet systems. Among these planets a substantial number are slightly larger than Earth but are still expected to be rocky. No similar object exists in the solar system and little is known about them. One interesting aspect is to determine the habitability of these exotic planets and if life could develop there. It is therefore important to determine what is the structure of the deep interior of these planets and if it can generate a protecting magnetic field. In the proposed project, the fellow plans to develop a set of state-of-the-art ab initio simulations of iron-nickel mixtures to study the properties of these materials at high pressure. These materials are likely to be dominant in the core of Super-Earth but it is unclear if the pressure-temperature conditions are compatible with a solid core surrounded by a liquid and conducting phase as expected to be favorable for magnetic field generation. The fellow will focus on the phase diagram of these mixtures up to 1 TPa. He will also explore the transport properties in order to better constrain the possible scenarios of convection and magnetic field generation. Based on these results, the fellow will build evolution models of Super-Earths to be compared to the discovered exoplanets.

Keywords: super earth,phase transitions,transport properties,ab initio simulations
Museums and Community: Concepts, Experiences, and Sustainability in Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean (EU-LAC-MUSEUMS)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Societal Challenges
Programme: Europe in a changing world - inclusive, innovative and reflective societies
Action type: Research and Innovation actions
Countries involved: Spain,Jamaica,France,Chile,Peru,Portugal,Costa Rica,United Kingdom
Call: The cultural, scientific and social dimension of EU-LAC relations (H2020-INT-SOCIETY-2015, 2015)
Start date: 2016-09-01
End date: 2021-01-31
Duration (months): 53.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2422406.5
EU funding (EUR): 2422406.5
Participants: 8
Project status: CLOSED

The EU-LAC-MUSEUMS project directly meets the challenge of fostering EU-CELAC relations by studying the close connections between Europe and Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) in the field of community museology. To address this challenge, EU-LAC-MUSEUMS assembles a team of leading academics, museum professionals and policy makers elected by the European and LAC Regional Alliances of the International Council of Museums (ICOM) (www.icom.museum). Together, we are committed to exploring the cultural, scientific and social dimensions of EU-LAC relations with a view to “supporting the process of EU-CELAC cooperation outlined by the EU-CELAC Action Plan 2013-2015 in defining a common vision for the years to come”. Through a series of thematic work packages we will pursue the theme of “Museums and Community: Concepts, Experiences, and Sustainability in Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean”. A good deal of research has been carried out into this subject at local, national, and regional levels in both EU and LAC, but a concerted bi-regional investigation is yet to appear. EU-LAC-MUSEUMS will overcome this gap in knowledge by creating parity of esteem and sustainable dialogue and co-operation between academia, museums and communities in each region. It will achieve this goal by pursuing work packages dealing with the cross cutting societal challenges of: a) "Technology and Innovation for Bi-Regional Integration"; b) "Museum Education for Social Inclusion and Cohesion"; c) "Investment and Entrepreneurship for Sustainable Museums”, and d) “Exhibiting Migration and Gender”. In so doing, we will push forward the agenda of the EU-CELAC Action Plan in museum practice and theory.

Keywords: eu lac relations,eu celac actions,museums and community,exhibiting migration,sustainable museums,caribbean art,technology and innovation,virtual museum,exhibiting gender,education,museology
SMART MOBILITY APPLICATION TO IMPROVE TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING (SMApp)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Societal Challenges
Programme: Smart, green and integrated transport
Action type: SME instrument
Countries involved: Spain
Call: Small business innovation research for Transport and Smart Cities Mobility (H2020-SMEINST-1-2016-2017, 2017)
Start date: 2017-05-01
End date: 2017-08-31
Duration (months): 4.0
Total project cost (EUR): 71429.0
EU funding (EUR): 50000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Traffic levels on strategic roads will be 24% higher in 2040 than they are today. Without investment, conditions on the most important routes are expected to worsen by 2040. Smart City solutions are expected to attract €1.415 trillion in expenditures by 2020, with Smart Mobility alone accounting for 8% of this spending, creating a €1.1bn market. Traffic management, road maintenance and planning new infrastructures are the 3 main factors to successfully contribute to the growing vehicles mobility needs. An opportunity arises in using smart traffic data to optimise long-term road management, allowing for a more efficient use of resources in infrastructure planning and maintenance. It is estimated that over $1 trillion can be saved in the next 20 years through a more efficient infrastructure productivity plan, of which 25% are related to road networks alone. SMApp is the first smart, standardised, web based tool to monitor, analyse and predict traffic data information in real time over a road network. Through our propietary LPR (License Plates Recognition) algorithm we will be able to obtain a truly global and continuous road network solution (currently being discreet over specific sections) by OD matrices, gaining access to a source of accurate, objective and valuable data in an unprecedented manner, to provide a more efficient planning and maintenance of the existing and future road networks.Since 2009, we have already invested €620K to develop SMApp to its current functional prototype stage, which is being tested by the Spanish National Traffic Authority (DGT) and proofing our Technology Readiness Level at 6. Setting a selling price between €100K and €300K per annum, including the maintenance fee for the service, for an average of 85% gross margin, we expect a turnover in the fifth year of €5.05 million and a net profit of €4.38 million. After €1.82 million total investment, we forecast a Return on Investment (ROI) of 4.09 by Y5.

Keywords: traffic monitoring,intelligent traffic systems,origin destination matrices,reduced congestion,road network optimization
Dung as Construction Material During the Emergence of Animal Domestication: A Multi-Proxy Approach (MapDung)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Social Sciences and Humanities
Countries involved: Spain
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2017, 2017)
Start date: 2018-11-01
End date: 2020-10-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 158121.6
EU funding (EUR): 158121.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The transition from foragers to farmers c. 12,000 years ago, is marked by plants and animal domestication, as well as by the exploitation of animal by-products such as milk, wool, and dung. Dung is a valuable material that can be used as fertilizer, fuel and for constructions, however, unlike other by-products, dung exploitation is less studied. While archaeological evidence for dung used as fuel and manure are increasing, its use for construction has been rarely identified. Thus, it is important to understand if its absence from the archaeological record is the result of human preference or a research/preservation bias. The aim of MapDung is therefore to explore the possible early use of dung for construction as a proxy for understanding human-animal-environment relations and ecosystem. The specific project’s goals are: 1) To develop a new multi-proxy methodology for improved identification of dung, focused on construction materials; 2) Studying the post depositional processes that affect archaeological dung used for construction; 3) Providing wide regional understanding of the utilization of animal secondary products during the Early Neolithic Period and and the socio-cultural aspects related to its use. MapDung will focus on early Neolithic Period sites from the core area of early animal domestication- the Near East. By using a multidisciplinary approach, new techniques and working strategies will be develop to securely identify the use of dung as a construction material. Archaeological materials will be analyzed using micromorphology, FTIR analysis, quantification of dung micro-remains, elemental analysis, GC-MS and geostatistics. MapDung will also explore the gender division of labor in relation to dung utilization using ethnographic sources. MapDung is expected to expand our understanding of human technology, resources exploitation, and subsistence practices along the early Neolithic Period, one of the most critical transitions in human history.

Keywords: geoarchaeology,micromorphology,ftir,ftir spectroscopy,xrf spectroscopy,phytolith analysis,dung microremains,gc ms,geostatistic,early neolithic,animal secondary product utilization
Innovative risk assessment for individualizing treatment in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLLassify)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Life Sciences
Countries involved: Greece
Call: Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships (IF-EF) (H2020-MSCA-IF-2015, 2015)
Start date: 2016-04-01
End date: 2018-03-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 164653.2
EU funding (EUR): 164653.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia faces high-challenging and timely problems related to the classification and efficient prognosis of patients at the time of diagnosis and the attempt to personalize the treatment. CLLassify addresses these issues in a pioneering fashion within a multidisciplinary collaboration, proposing an improved classification of the patients, based on innovative statistical techniques as well as the novel aspect of personalized prediction of the need for treatment at a specific time point for the individual patient. The statistical background of the applicant, together with the expertise of his supervisor in CLL, guarantee the successful implementation of this project. This will result both in significant health advances and societal benefits for the European society at large raising the project at the level of a European priority, and to significant improvement of the applicant’s career prospects within Europe.

Keywords: classification,personalized healthcare,prediction,risk assessment
Memristive In-Memory Processing System (Real-PIM-System)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Systems and communication engineering
Panel description: Electrical, electronic, communication, optical and systems engineering
Countries involved: Israel
Call: ERC Starting Grant (ERC-2017-STG, 2017)
Start date: 2018-01-01
End date: 2023-12-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1500000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1500000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

Our project aims to develop a new computer architecture that enables true in-memory processing based on a unit that can both store and process data using the same cells. This unit, called a memristive memory processing unit (mMPU), will substantially reduce the necessity to move data in computing systems, solving the two main bottlenecks exist in current computing systems, i.e., speed ('memory wall') and energy efficiency ('power wall'). Emerging memory technologies, namely memristive devices, are the enablers of the mMPU. While memristors are naturally used as memory, these novel devices can also perform logical operations using a technique we have invented called Memristor Aided Logic (MAGIC). This combination is the basis of mMPU. The goal of this research is to design a fully functional mMPU, and by that, to demonstrate a real computing system with significantly improved performance and energy efficiency. We have identified four main research tasks which must be completed to demonstrate a full system utilizing mMPU: mMPU design, system architecture and software, modeling and evaluation, and fabrication. Both memristive memory array and mMPU control will be designed and optimized for different technologies in the first objective. The second objective will deal with the different aspects of the system, including programming model, different mMPU modes of operation and their corresponding system implications, compiler and operating systems. For system evaluation, we will develop models and tools in the third objective in order to measure the performance, area and energy and to compare them to other state-of-the-art computing systems. Lastly, we will fabricate the different parts of the system to demonstrate the full system. Encouraged from our preliminary experimental results, we expect to achieve 10X improvement in performance, and 100X improvement in energy efficiency as compared to state-of-the-art von Neumann systems when working with appropriate workloads.

Keywords: memristor,von neumann,memory,logic
Complexity and dynamics of nucleic acids modifications in vivo (dynamicmodifications)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Consolidator grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems
Panel description: Genetics, epigenetics, genomics and other ‘omics studies, bioinformatics, systems biology, genetic diseases, gene editing, innovative methods and modelling, ‘omics for personalised medicine
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call: ERC Consolidator Grant (ERC-2014-CoG, 2014)
Start date: 2015-08-01
End date: 2022-05-31
Duration (months): 82.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2000000.0
EU funding (EUR): 2000000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Development of any organism starts with a totipotent cell (zygote). Through series of cell divisions and differentiation processes this cell will eventually give rise to the whole organism containing hundreds of specialised cell. While the cells at the onset of development have the capacity to generate all cell types (ie are toti-or pluripotent), this developmental capacity is progressively lost as the cells undertake cell fate decisions. At the molecular level, the memory of these events is laid down in a complex layer of epigenetic modifications at both the DNA and the chromatin level. Unidirectional character of the developmental progress dictates that the key acquired epigenetic modifications are stable and inherited through subsequent cell divisions. This paradigm is, however, challenged during cellular reprogramming that requires de-differentiation (nuclear transfer, induced pluripotent stem cells, wound healing and regeneration in lower organisms) or a change in cell fate (transdifferentiation). Despite intense efforts of numerous research teams, the molecular mechanisms of these processes remain enigmatic. In order to understand cellular reprogramming at the molecular level, this proposal takes advantage of epigenetic reprogramming processes that occur naturally during mouse development. By using mouse fertilised zygote and mouse developing primordial germ cells we will investigate novel molecular components implicated in the genome-wide erasure of DNA methylation. Additionally, by using a unique combination of the developmental models with the state of the art ultra-sensitive LC/MS and genomics approaches we propose to investigate the dynamics and the interplay between DNA and RNA modifications during these key periods of embryonic development characterised by genome-wide epigenetic changes . Our work will thus provide new fundamental insights into a complex dynamics and interactions between epigenetic modifications that underlie epigenetic reprogramming

Keywords: dna methylation,demethylation,epigenetic reprogramming,germ cells,mouse preimplantation embryos
The role of the Earth’s mycelial community and enzyme activity on global atmospheric CO2 and COS budgets (COSMYCA)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Consolidator grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Earth system science
Panel description: Physical geography, geology, geophysics, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, climatology, cryology, ecology, global environmental change, biogeochemical cycles, natural resources management
Countries involved: France
Call: ERC CONSOLIDATOR GRANTS (ERC-2020-COG, 2020)
Start date: 2022-07-01
End date: 2027-06-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2745251.0
EU funding (EUR): 2745251.0
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

The recent activity of humans has had such a profound impact on the chemistry of the Earth’s atmosphere that ecosystems and societies face a ‘human-induced’ climate crisis. Given the key role of the biosphere in climate change feedbacks, the Paris Agreement emphasised every effort should now be taken to ensure ecosystems are managed to reduce the growth rate of atmospheric CO2 without altering climate. However, Land Surface Models (LSM) still lack consensus on critical processes driving the exchange of CO2 between ecosystems and the atmosphere. Variations in atmospheric carbonyl sulphide (COS) could provide independent constraints on LSM performance at large scales and evidence for the recent ‘CO2 fertilisation’ effect on the biosphere. Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) studies also reveal that, as CO2 rises, trees forming symbiotic relationships with ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi may accumulate biomass more readily than trees in symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, especially in nutrient-poor soils. So far, incorporating EM and AM functional traits into LSMs remains a challenge. Representing key differences in AM and EM plant root and fungal processes in LSMs such as the secretion of acids and enzymes into the soil will be necessary, as they augment organic matter mineralisation and soil weathering, impacting atmospheric CO2, and potentially COS budgets. Because EM plants tend to grow on acidic soils, EM fungi should express more carbonic anhydrase (CA) an enzyme that helps regulate their internal pH, with repercussions on COS fluxes. As nitrogen availability inhibits CA activity this may help explain why the growth of EM plants is reduced in acid environments. COSMYCA will quantify EM and AM fungal CA activity for the first time and characterise mechanistically how CO2 levels and nutrients drive changes in fungal enzyme activity, weathering rates and SOM mineralisation, and their large-scale consequences on the COS and CO2 budgets over the last century.

Keywords: soil,enzymes,fungi,atmospheric chemistry
AUTOMATION AND INCOME DISTRIBUTION: A QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT (AUTOMATION)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Panel description: Economics, finance and management
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call: ERC Starting Grant (ERC-2018-STG, 2018)
Start date: 2018-11-01
End date: 2024-04-30
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1295890.0
EU funding (EUR): 1295890.0
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

Since the invention of the spinning frame, automation has been one of the drivers of economic growth. Yet, workers, economist or the general public have been concerned that automation may destroy jobs or create inequality. This concern is particularly prevalent today with the sustained rise in economic inequality and fast technological progress in IT, robotics or self-driving cars. The empirical literature has showed the impact of automation on income distribution. Yet, the level of wages itself should also affect the incentives to undertake automation innovations. Understanding this feedback is key to assess the long-term effect of policies. My project aims to provide the first quantitative account of the two-way relationship between automation and the income distribution. It is articulated around three parts. First, I will use patent data to study empirically the causal effect of wages on automation innovations. To do so, I will build firm-level variation in the wages of the customers of innovating firms by exploiting variations in firms’ exposure to international markets. Second, I will study empirically the causal effect of automation innovations on wages. There, I will focus on local labour market and use the patent data to build exogenous variations in local knowledge. Third, I will calibrate an endogenous growth model with firm dynamics and automation using Danish firm-level data. The model will replicate stylized facts on the labour share distribution across firms. It will be used to compute the contribution of automation to economic growth or the decline of the labour share. Moreover, as a whole, the project will use two different methods (regression analysis and calibrated model) and two different types of data, to answer questions of crucial policy importance such as: Taking into account the response of automation, what are the long-term effects on wages of an increase in the minimum wage, a reduction in labour costs, or a robot tax?

Keywords: automation,inequality,income distribution,factor share,skill premium,directed technical change,patent,firm dynamics,minimum wage