Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Turbulence-Resolving Approaches to the Intermittently Turbulent Atmospheric Boundary Layer (trainABL)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Earth system science
Panel description: Physical geography, geology, geophysics, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, climatology, cryology, ecology, global environmental change, biogeochemical cycles, natural resources management
Countries involved: Germany,Germany
Call: ERC Starting Grant (ERC-2019-STG, 2019)
Start date: 2020-06-01
End date: 2026-02-28
Duration (months): 69.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1872581.0
EU funding (EUR): 1364414.66
Participants: 2
Project status: SIGNED

Vertical exchange in the atmospheric boundary is primarily due to turbulence, but turbulence may cease locally as a consequence of stable density stratification. This state of turbulence intermittency challenges traditional geophysical approaches to represent turbulent mixing. Field observations of the phenomenon are hard to obtain because of broad-scale interacting processes. Existing numerical approaches based on bulk turbulence closures reach their limits because they neglect the relevance of large-scale intermittency for turbulent mixing. Hence, process-level insight to turbulence intermittency in the atmospheric boundary layer is lacking which has dramatic consequences for the forecast of minimum temperature, of frost and fog situations, and of the potential for wind-power extraction. trainABL recognizes the geophysical phenomenon of turbulence intermittency in the atmospheric boundary layer as a fluid mechanics problem. A virtual-lab approach based on direct numerical simulation yields an appropriate turbulence-resolving representation of the intermittently turbulent atmospheric boundary layer. The quantitative insight into large-scale intermittency offered by direct numerical simulation in combination with large-eddy simulation and observational data allows to transfer the emerging physical understanding to the geophysical range of parameters. This paves the avenue towards a novel turbulence mixing representation based on factorization of the turbulent flux into a reference flux and pre-factor accounting for large-scale intermittency. trainABL will thus provide a first physically consistent turbulent mixing parametrization that acknowledges the importance of turbulence intermittency, covers the entire vertical range of the atmospheric boundary layer, and is valid for all regimes of stratification.

Keywords: planetary boundary layer,numerical simulation,turbulent mixing,turbulence parameterization,stratified turbulence,scale adaptive,similarity theory
Reuse Reduce Recycle AI-based platform for automated and scalable Maker culture in Circular economy (RRREMAKER)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Research and innovation staff exchange
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Economic Sciences
Countries involved: Spain,Spain,Spain,Italy,Italy,Italy,Malta,Greece,Switzerland,Romania,Chile,Peru
Call: Research and Innovation Staff Exchange (H2020-MSCA-RISE-2020, 2020)
Start date: 2021-01-01
End date: 2024-12-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1582400.0
EU funding (EUR): 1582400.0
Participants: 14
Project status: SIGNED

The extensive objective of this RISE programme, called RRREMAKER, is to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) based maker platform for the design and production of handcrafted, rapid prototyped and reconditioned products, based on the availability of used goods and recyclable waste collected, getting inputs from, and connecting together, digital manufacturers and traditional crafts, designers/creative companies and green companies, establishing a new hybrid managing model based on the communities of knowledge, ecodesign and democratization invention, integrating orange, sharing and circular economy. As a disruptive approach, besides being a framework in which the different fields involved can share information, the proposed intelligent computational platform itself will be a main actor in the creative process, by integrating cutting-edge algorithms of generative design, as genetic and superquadric-based algorithms, machine learning classifiers, algorithms for big data, cloud computing, and experimental data will predict structures, forms, materials, colours, ornaments, etc, based on traditional artisan and innovative design parameters, and recycling materials. The platform will also be a “sorting point” to share information between recyclable material collectors and ecodesigners/green manufacturers, connecting them to each other. Also, based on the sales information archived, the platform will be able to generate maps of features of the goods already on the market and automatically propose to the manufacturers changes to make them innovative and more appealing.

Keywords: creative economy,orange economy,maker,generative design,3d printing,craft
RENal prOgenItoRs as tools to understand kidney pathophysiology and treat kidney disorders (RENOIR)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Consolidator grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing
Panel description: Organ and tissue physiology, comparative physiology, physiology of ageing, pathophysiology, interorgan and tissue communication, endocrinology, nutrition, metabolism, interaction with the microbiome, non-communicable diseases including cancer (and except disorders of the nervous system and immunity-related diseases)
Countries involved: Italy
Call: ERC Consolidator Grant (ERC-2014-CoG, 2014)
Start date: 2015-07-01
End date: 2020-06-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1772718.75
EU funding (EUR): 1772718.75
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Kidney disorders represent a major global health issue and new tools are needed to expand disease modeling and therapeutic options. The identification of renal progenitors (RPC) opens a wide range of possibilities to support progress in several fields of nephrology. Indeed, RPC have become a key player in the pathogenesis of kidney disorders, and their study is increasing knowledge about the mechanisms of kidney response to injury. In this project we propose new lineage tracing models to identify and characterize mouse RPC system. We then will use these models to establish RPC role in progression or resolution of glomerular and tubular injury, and the mechanisms involved in these processes. Furthermore, the role of abnormal RPC function in the pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma will be established. We will proceed to validate RPC as therapeutic targets to improve podocyte regeneration and disease regression. Lineage tracing of the murine RPC system from development to adult life and characterization of the RPC niche will be performed through observation of RPC at various stages of nephron formation during development as well as during kidney growth, homeostasis and aging. RPC isolation and culture from kidney tissue being limited due to their inaccessibility, the recent development of a method for culturing them specifically from urine finally opens the perspective of personalized medicine of the kidney and the development of patient-specific treatment strategies. In addition, patient-specific RPC can be useful for screening of new drug compounds, developing disease-modifying assays, as well as for evaluation of drug toxicity, with particular regard to nephrotoxicity. Finally, RPC represent potential tools and/or targets for therapeutic purposes and to promote innovative renal replacement strategies for kidney disorders.

Keywords: acute kidney injury,chronic renal failure
Smart TSO-DSO interaction schemes, market architectures and ICT Solutions for the integration of ancillary services from demand side management and distributed generation (SmartNet)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Societal Challenges
Programme: Secure, clean and efficient energy
Theme: A single, smart European electricity grid
Action type: Research and Innovation actions
Countries involved: Italy,Spain,Italy,Italy,Italy,Austria,Spain,Spain,Belgium,Belgium,Norway,Belgium,Finland,Denmark,United Kingdom,Denmark,Luxembourg,Denmark,Denmark,Denmark
Call: Transmission grid and wholesale market (H2020-LCE-2015-3, 2015)
Start date: 2016-01-01
End date: 2019-06-30
Duration (months): 42.0
Total project cost (EUR): 12657928.0
EU funding (EUR): 12657928.0
Participants: 25
Project status: CLOSED

The project SmartNet aims at providing architectures for optimized interaction between TSOs and DSOs in managing the exchange of information for monitoring and for the acquisition of ancillary services (reserve and balancing, voltage regulation, congestion management) both at national level and in a cross-border context. Local needs for ancillary services in distribution systems are supposed to co-exist with system needs for balancing and congestion management. Resources located in distribution systems, like demand side management and distributed generation, are supposed to participate to the provision of ancillary services both locally and for the system in the context of competitive ancillary services markets. Through an in-depth and a simulation in a lab-environment, answers are sought for to the following questions: • which ancillary services could be provided from distribution to the whole system (via transmission), • which optimized modalities could be adopted for managing the network at the TSO-DSO interface and what monitoring and control signals could be exchanged to carry out a coordinated action, • how the architectures of the real time markets (in particular the balancing markets) could be consequently revised, • what information has to be exchanged and how (ICT) for the coordination on the distribution-transmission border, starting from monitoring aspects, to guarantee observability and control of distributed generation, flexible demand and storage systems, • which implications could the above issues have on the on-going market coupling process, that is going to be extended to real time markets in the next years, according to the draft Network Code on Electricity Balancing by ENTSO-E. Different TSO-DSO interaction modalities are compared with reference to three selected national cases (Italian, Danish, Spanish) also supposing the possibility of a cross-border exchange of balancing services. Physical pilots are developed for the same national cases.

Keywords: ancillary services,dso interaction,ict platform
Exploiting the legacy of Central European wheat landraces for improving the ecological adaptation ability of wheat (LANDRACES)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Environment and Geosciences
Countries involved: Hungary
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2016, 2016)
Start date: 2017-10-01
End date: 2019-09-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 146239.2
EU funding (EUR): 146239.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Wheat the most important food crop in Europe with an increasing demand to preserve its production potential to ensure long-term food security. However, wheat is facing such challenges as climate change and the severe genetic bottleneck of cultivated wheat imposed by domestication, cannot surmount such difficulties. Wheat landraces are better adapted than modern cultivars to changing climate conditions and to stress environments. The conservation and effective management of crop diversity are thus essential to prepare future plant cultivars to the effects of climate change. A significant loss of named landrace varieties in both Europe and worldwide already caused a massive loss of crop genetic diversity and charged a substantial risk for future food security. The transfer of genetic diversity of European landraces into modern wheat cultivars can give valuable responses for climate change effects. The present study aims to introduce a high throughput state of the art genotyping system into the Hungarian breeding research to analyse the genetic diversity of the Central European landrace collection. The 15K wheat genotyping array uses 12.905 gene-based, predominantly haplotype-specific Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) markers providing a maximum of information accompanied by low analysis costs. We will use this genotyping system to identify favourable, new alleles of stress tolerance and quality in the Central European landraces. Comparisons to modern elite bread wheat cultivars will be presented and genome-wide association study will be carried out between SNPs and agronomically important traits. Phenotypic characterizations will be performed on 200 landraces and 70 modern wheat cultivars targeting ecological adaptation, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance and end-use quality. During this project we will identify new QTLs and genes, useful to improve limiting factors of grain yield, such as drought tolerance, plant phenology and resistance to diseases.

Keywords: wheat landraces,genetic diversity,snp genotyping,molecular breeding,climate change
Why is Transparent Hypocotyl Mutant showed reduced phototropic response? (THyM)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Life Sciences
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2018, 2018)
Start date: 2020-03-01
End date: 2022-02-28
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 203149.44
EU funding (EUR): 203149.44
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Plants can reorient their growth towards a favorable light environment to optimize photosynthesis in a process called phototropism. This process is initiated by the phototropin blue light receptors, perceiving light gradients to trigger downstream signaling leading to the asymmetric distribution of auxin across the photo-stimulated stem. The Fankhauser lab showed that AtABC, an ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporter family protein is important for phototropism. AtABC shares homology with Drosophila transporters, which are involved in eye pigment precursor transport and play a vital role in insect vision. In addition to reduced phototropism, Atabc mutants have transparent hypocotyls. The primary objective of this project is to understand the function of AtABC in phototropism and to test whether this transporter is required for light gradient establishment across the hypocotyl. First, I will characterize the Atabc mutant at the tissue, cellular and subcellular levels (e.g. staining for cell wall components) to determine what defect underlies the transparent hypocotyl phenotype. Using several approaches including confocal microscopy to visualize light-activated proteins and fiber-optic techniques, I will measure the light gradient across the hypocotyl of wild type and Atabc mutants. I will characterize phototropin signaling using biochemical and microscopic approaches to determine at which signaling step AtABC is required. To characterize AtABC, I will determine its expression pattern and subcellular localization using GFP-tagged AtABC. Together with the phenotypic characterization of the mutant, this will provide testable hypotheses regarding the substance(s) transported by AtABC. Finally, to determine the functional conservation of AtABC in other plants, I will characterize Brasicca rapa mutants defective in the orthologous gene. The functional characterization of AtABC may provide key insights into light gradient establishment in a plant photosensory organ.

Keywords: phototropism,phototropins,light gradient,abc transporter,shielding pigments,blue light,photoreceptors
Increases biomass production and soil organic carbon stocks with innovative cropping systems under climate change (InBPSOC)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Environment and Geosciences
Countries involved: Denmark
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2018, 2018)
Start date: 2020-07-01
End date: 2022-06-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 219312.0
EU funding (EUR): 219312.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Soil organic carbon (SOC) constitutes the largest C stocks in the terrestrial ecosystems, playing critical roles in maintaining agricultural sustainability and in potentially mitigating climate change. However, there is a potential conflict between SOC storage and agricultural activities, since many traditional intensive cultivation methods have led to significant reductions in SOC storage. In this project, we will investigate the effects and driving mechanisms of innovative cropping systems on biomass production and SOC stocks simultaneously based on ongoing long-term unique field experiments on innovative cropping systems available at the host department. Multiple research methods will be utilized in this project, including data mining of long-term data records, inverse modelling and soil incubation, meta-analysis, and structure equation modelling. Our key objective is developing innovative cropping systems that allow to protect and increase SOC stocks while increasing biomass production under climate change. Results from the current study will provide crucial information for policy developments and will contribute to the development of sustainable cropping systems for farmers of the future.

Keywords: biomass production,soil carbon stocks,innovative cropping systems,climate change,soil incubation,inverse modeling,structure equation modeling,meta analysis,extracellular enzymes
Ancient Mesopotamian Priestly Scholasticism in the First Millennium BCE (AMPS)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Consolidator grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Cultures and cultural production
Panel description: Literary studies, cultural studies, study of the arts, philosophy
Countries involved: Israel
Call: ERC CONSOLIDATOR GRANTS (ERC-2020-COG, 2020)
Start date: 2021-10-01
End date: 2026-09-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1959968.0
EU funding (EUR): 1959968.0
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

The scholarly texts of ancient Mesopotamia in the first millennium BCE, specifically commentaries written in Akkadian on cuneiform tablets, were the work of priests who also performed cultic activities in the temple. The proposed project seeks to demonstrate how these scholarly and cultic activities were interrelated and how they shaped the self-identity of the priestly-scholarly community that was in charge of both. The project thus aims to bridge the gap between the study of intellectual history and the study of priesthood in ancient Mesopotamia, which are treated as two separate fields in Assyriology. The project innovatively treats Mesopotamian scholarship and Mesopotamian priesthood as complementary aspects of one phenomenon: “scholasticism.” This concept, which originally referred to the scholarly activities of Catholic priests in the Middle Ages, has recently been applied to the study of non-European communities of priestly scholars with great success. Using the scholastic model to study the priestly-scholarly community of ancient Mesopotamia will reveal the intricate connections between the ritual and textual activities of this community and illuminate the holistic and systematic worldview of its members. Combining traditional philology and the comparative approach, the project investigates how, like other scholastic communities, the scholar-priests of ancient Mesopotamia “internalized” the liturgical texts they studied and performed, how they attributed authority to these texts, and how their study of the liturgical corpus generated new exegetical texts. Key points of comparison between the scholar-priests of ancient Mesopotamia and various ancient and contemporary scholastic communities include their interest in language, textual authority, commentaries, and rituals. By applying the comparative method to the study of cuneiform tablets, the project aims to reconstruct the social, religious, and intellectual reality in which they were written.

Keywords: scholasticism,mesopotamia,religion,priests,ritual,commentaries,interpretation,cuneiform,hermeneutics,sumerian,akkadian
How and when does climate influence carbon sink activity? Multi-temporal analysis of wood formation in conifers (INTREE)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Environment and Geosciences
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2017, 2017)
Start date: 2018-08-01
End date: 2020-07-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 175419.6
EU funding (EUR): 175419.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Forest carbon sequestration plays a crucial role in climate change mitigation. As evidenced by recent studies, tree carbon uptake is directly controlled by environmental influence on wood (xylem) formation processes. Current knowledge on how and when climate influences these processes mostly come from short-term direct (weekly xylogenesis monitoring) and long-term indirect (width and anatomy of annual tree rings) analysis of tree growth. Nevertheless these approaches, related to different scales of investigation, cannot provide a complete overview of the complex climate influence on tree carbon sequestration, when used separately. INTREE aims at quantitatively assess multi-temporal climate influence on tree carbon sequestration in temperate and boreal forests. The project will focus on two conifer species, Picea abies and Picea mariana, along two elevation gradients in the Alps and one latitude gradient in Canada. A novel approach, the analysis of intra-ring wood anatomy along tree-ring series, will be used to create a link between different scales of investigation. Xylogenesis monitoring, tree ring analysis, and intra-ring quantitative wood anatomy, will be innovatively used jointly to assess intra-seasonal to multi-decadal climate variation influence on xylem formation processes. This new knowledge will be used to quantify climate influence on xylem cell number, size, and wall thickness in tree rings, and therefore to assess how climate variations affect the amount of carbon annually stock in the tree stem. INTREE will promote the integration of different expertizes, methods and scales of investigation in climate change-related research. Outcomes will provide a unique contribution to current understanding of forest carbon sequestration, and provide mechanistic information for vegetation and carbon process-based models. In conclusion, INTREE will improve the scientific knowledge necessary to develop climate change mitigation actions.

Keywords: carbon,climate,eco physiology,forest,sink activity,xylem