Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Electro-thermal Laminar Wing Ice Protection System Demonstrator (ELWIPS)

Framework: FP7 — Cooperation
Programme: Joint Technology Initiatives (Annex IV-SP1)
Theme: Public-private partnerships
Destination: Clean Sky
Action type: Article 171 of the Treaty
Partnership: CLEAN-SKY (Art-185)
Countries involved: France,United Kingdom,United Kingdom,United Kingdom
Call:  (SP1-JTI-CS-2011-03, 2011)
Start date: 2012-10-01
End date: 2016-12-31
Duration (months): 51.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1498445.97
EU funding (EUR): 888216.6
Participants: 4
Project status: CLOSED

This proposal regards designing, building and testing a functional prototype of part of a laminar wing fitted with electro-thermal ice protection (ETIPS) for a business jet. The aim is to show innovation in the use of composite materials for the fixed leading edge, (e.g. Fibre/Metal Laminates), which are thermally efficient, can be manufactured to tight laminar wing tolerances and comparable to aluminium for weight & cost. Furthermore, the structure will be evaluated for its basic damage resistance properties and ease of repair. The ETIPS aspects will be innovative through a focus on minimising power consumption, using sensors to allow power demand management and thereby achieve a Smart ETIPS. Different types of heater elements will be tested in a range of configurations to optimise ice protection coverage and power consumption. Trials will also be conducted to minimise the weight of the ETIPS heater elements, controllers and wiring. Several structural and layout trade-off studies will be conducted and the final solution tested in an icing wind tunnel.

Keywords: electro-thermal ice protection system,laminar wing,business jet,fixed leading edge structure.
Predicting carbon release from forest soils through priming effects: a new approach to reconcile results across multiple scales (FORESTPRIME)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Earth system science
Countries involved: United Kingdom,United Kingdom,United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111012, 2012)
Start date: 2012-12-01
End date: 2018-05-31
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1694796.0
EU funding (EUR): 1694796.0
Participants: 3
Project status: CLOSED

Feedbacks between plants and soil under environmental change are likely to have a significant impact on ecosystem carbon cycling. Recent work has shown that increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations have enhanced tree growth in forests. However these increases in growth can also cause ‘priming effects’ whereby microbial degradation of soil organic matter is stimulated by fresh carbon inputs, such as plant litter, releasing additional carbon from the soil. Given that forest soils represent the largest terrestrial carbon pool, priming effects could cause a major release of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. Despite their potential importance in ecosystem carbon dynamics under environmental change, the processes and mechanisms underlying priming effects are still poorly understood. This is in part due to the enormous disparities in the experimental scales and methods required to study microbial processes vs. ecosystem carbon dynamics and the difficulties in extrapolating the results of laboratory studies to the ecosystem level. This project will significantly advance our understanding of the role of priming effects in forest carbon dynamics in different forest types and reconcile the experimental problems of scale using multidisciplinary nested studies across multiple scales. The nested design will explicitly test the validity of extrapolations made at one scale to predict effects at another. The ultimate aim is to allow the extrapolation of results from small-scale studies of priming to the ecosystem level for a wide range of forests. The results will establish this fundamentally new approach as a widely applicable method in the study of plant-soil feedbacks. This research will provide the first comprehensive comparative dataset on priming effects across forests worldwide and form the solid basis for their inclusion in model predictions of forest carbon cycling under future global change.

Keywords: ecosystem carbon cycling,priming effects,forests,plant-soil feedbacks,microbial processes,soil respiration,soil organic carbon,scaling
Nature-Inspired Gold Catalytic Tools (NIGOCAT)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Materials and Synthesis
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111012, 2012)
Start date: 2012-10-01
End date: 2018-09-30
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1500000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1500000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The study of biologically relevant processes heavily relays on “small molecules”. Thus, the demand for novel chemical probes is of highest importance not only for chemistry, but also for closely related disciplines such as biology, medicine or material science. As the construction of complex molecular architectures from chemical building blocks still remains a far-from-routine task, the development of methodologies to increase the control over chemical reactivity and achieve molecular complexity with higher levels of efficiency has become one of the frontier challenges of chemistry in the 21st century. NIGOCAT aims to substantially contribute towards this goal. The general objective of this proposal is the design, synthesis and application in catalysis of novel, nature-inspired gold(I) and gold(III)-catalytic tools able to mimic nature´s efficiency and exquisite taste for the synthesis and stereoselective functionalization of “small molecules”. The proposed research tackles three main challenges faced by current synthetic methods: 1. Efficient generation of structural complexity; 2. Selective C-H bond functionalization; 3. High levels of stereocontrol in asymmetric catalysis. We aim to streamline the construction of molecular complexity based on modular, unprecedented multi-center gold factories. Our hypothesis is that the assembly of different reactive sites within a single catalyst will provide an increased level of efficiency in gold-orchestrated catalytic cascades from simple starting materials, thus mimicking the way nature assembles its complex primary metabolites. Second, we aim to tackle the flexible, selective functionalization of C-H bonds using novel metaloenzyme-inspired ligands on gold. Third, we aim to develop novel gold peptide-based catalytic systems as general tools able to provide high levels of absolute stereocontrol in gold catalysis.

Keywords: gold catalysis
The strong interaction at neutron-rich extremes (STRONGINT)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Fundamental constituents of matter
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111012, 2012)
Start date: 2012-09-01
End date: 2017-08-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1495020.0
EU funding (EUR): 1495020.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

"The strong interaction at neutron-rich extremes" (STRONGINT) will investigate the structure of matter at the neutron-rich frontier in the laboratory and in the cosmos based on chiral effective field theory (EFT) interactions. Chiral EFT opens up a systematic path to investigate many-body forces and provides unique constraints for three-neutron and four-neutron interactions. We will for the first time explore the predicted many-body forces in neutron matter and neutron-rich matter. One milestone will be set by the development of a systematic power counting for neutron-rich matter. This will enable us to carry out diagrammatic approaches, and to develop ground-breaking nonperturbative Monte-Carlo calculations. Our results will strongly constrain the nuclear equation of state at the extremes reached in core-collapse supernovae and neutron stars. Based on the developments for neutron-rich matter, we will investigate spin correlations and develop a systematic description of neutrino-matter interactions, which can set the new standard for supernova simulations. Our pioneering studies have revealed new facets of three-body forces in neutron-rich nuclei, such as their role in determining the location of the neutron dripline in oxygen and in elucidating the doubly-magic nature of calcium-48. We will investigate the impact of chiral three-nucleon forces on key regions in the r-process path and develop a chiral EFT for valence-shell interactions. This will open new horizons for understanding the shell structure of nuclei. Another milestone will be set by the first calculation of neutrino-less double-beta decay based on chiral EFT interactions and consistent electroweak currents. The proposed interdisciplinary problems are essential for a successful and quantitative understanding of these big science questions.

Keywords: neutron-rich nuclei,nuclear structure,three-body forces,neutron-rich matter,neutron stars,neutrino-matter interactions,core-collapse supernovae,effective field theory,many-body theory
NGHCS: Creating the Next-Generation Mobile Human-Centered Systems (NGHCS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Computer science and informatics
Countries involved: Greece
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111012, 2012)
Start date: 2013-03-01
End date: 2019-02-28
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 960000.0
EU funding (EUR): 960000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Advances in sensor networking and the availability of every day, low-cost sensor enabled devices has led to integrating sensors to instrument the physical world in a variety of economically vital sectors of agriculture, transportation, healthcare, critical infrastructures and emergency response. At the same time, social computing is now undergoing a major revolution: social networks, as exemplified by Twitter or Facebook, have significantly changed the way humans interact with one another. We are now entering a new era where people and systems are becoming increasingly integrated and this development is effectively leading us to large-scale mobile human-centered systems. Our goal is to develop a comprehensive framework to simplify the development of mobile human-centered systems, as well as make them predictable and reliable. Our work has the following research thrusts: First, we develop techniques for dealing efficiently with dynamic unpredictable factors that such complex systems face, including dynamic workloads, unpredictable occurrence of events, real-time demands of applications, as well as user changes and urban dynamics. To achieve this, we will investigate the use of mathematical models to control the behavior of the applications in the absence of perfect system models and a priori information on load and human usage patterns. Second, we will develop the foundations needed to meet the end-to-end timeliness and reliability demands for the range of distributed systems that we will consider by developing novel techniques at different layers of the distributed environment and studying the tradeoffs involved. Third, we will develop general techniques to push computation and data storage as much as possible to the mobile devices, and to integrate participatory sensing and crowdsourcing techniques. The outcome of the proposed work is expected to have significant impact on a wide variety of distributed systems application domains.

Keywords: distributed systems,real-time systems,mobile systems,sensor systems
Measuring the Lumpiness of Dark Matter With Tidal Streams (STREAMS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Universe sciences
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111012, 2012)
Start date: 2013-01-01
End date: 2018-12-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1494128.8
EU funding (EUR): 1494128.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The two main characteristics of Dark Matter are its puzzling ubiquity and its omnipotent evasiveness. To create galaxies, stars and planets, we need Cold Dark Matter to enhance minuscule primordial density fluctuations and provide seeds for the ordinary matter to cluster around. However, in the last 30 years, the colossal international efforts to detect this alien substance have made little progress. Yet there is one strong and imminently testable prediction of the modern Cosmology: in the early Universe, Dark Matter starts collapsing first and ends up arranging itself into a hierarchy of invisible clumps of all sizes. Detecting these dark haloes through their gravitational effects is feasible with existing technology and quantifying their abundance will shed light on the nature of Dark Matter. The objective of this Proposal is to study the evolution of the stellar phase-space density in the nearby tidal streams to quantify the abundance of the dark matter clumps in the Galactic halo. To probe the granularity of the Milky Way gravitational potential we will discover, measure and identify progenitors of, new Milky Way stellar tidal streams, both using the data from all-sky imaging and spectroscopic surveys and by conducting our own observational campaign. To link the amplitude and the amount of streams' perturbations to the sub- halo mass function, we will develop models of streams’ orbital evolution and will investigate the process of stellar debris scattering with N-body simulations. The ultimate judgement as to the lumpiness of the dark matter locally will come from application of the techniques developed in this project to the revolutionary datasets of Gaia and LSST.

Keywords: dark matter halo,galactic structure,galactic dynamics,stellar halo,stellar streams,milky way gravitational potential
Hydrodynamical Simulations of Galaxy Formation at the Peta- and Exascale (EXAGAL)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Universe sciences
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111012, 2012)
Start date: 2013-02-01
End date: 2018-07-31
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1488000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1488000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Numerical simulations of galaxy formation provide a powerful technique for calculating the non-linear evolution of cosmic structure formation. In fact, they have played an instrumental role in establishing the current standard cosmological model known as LCDM. However, unlocking the predictive power of current petaflop and future exaflop computing platforms requires a targeted effort in developing new numerical methods that excel in accuracy, parallel scalability, and in physical fidelity to the processes relevant in galaxy formation. A new moving-mesh technique for hydrodynamics recently developed by us provides a significant opportunity for a paradigm shift in cosmological simulations of structure formation, replacing the established smoothed particle hydrodynamics technique with a much more accurate and flexible approach. Building on the first successes with this method, we here propose a comprehensive research program to apply this novel numerical framework in a new generation of hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy formation that aim to greatly expand the physical complexity and dynamic range of theoretical galaxy formation models. We will perform the first simulations of individual galaxies with several tens of billion hydrodynamical resolution elements and full adaptivity, allowing us to resolve the interstellar medium in global models of galaxies with an unprecedented combination of spatial resolution and volume. We will simultaneously and self-consistently follow the radiation field in galaxies down to very small scales, something that has never been attempted before. Through cosmological simulations of galaxy formation in representative regions of the Universe, we will shed light on the connection between galaxy formation and the large-scale distribution of gas in the Universe, and on the many facets of feedback processes that regulate galactic star formation, such as energy input from evolving and dying stars or from accreting supermassive black holes.

Keywords: numerical simulations,parallel computing,fluid dynamics,dark matter dynamics,feedback processes in star formation
Supramolecular Chemistry in Medicine:Towards Complex Molecular Biomaterials that are Indistinguishable from Nature (SUPRACHEMMED)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Materials and Synthesis
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111012, 2012)
Start date: 2013-02-01
End date: 2018-07-31
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1351744.0
EU funding (EUR): 1351744.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This ERC proposal aims to bridge the gap between supramolecular chemistry and regenerative medicine by defining a new area of ‘supramolecular medicine’ in which supramolecular chemistry will be used to solve medical and health problems. Understanding of tissues, cells, and the interactions occurring at the molecular level in natural systems is prerequisite to intervene in and stimulate processes in the body, in order to perform regenerative medicine. Because all processes taking place in our body are based on supramolecular interactions between molecules that are dynamic in nature and have certain on-off rates, we anticipate that biomaterials brought into the body should display this same dynamic behaviour, and should be able to adapt to the tissue they encounter. Therefore, in the field of regenerative medicine there is a need for new biomaterials that are supramolecular in nature and are indistinguishable from their natural counterparts. Here we describe the design of supramolecular biomaterials that can be applied as synthetic extracellular matrices and synthetic cell-like microcapsules. By designing these synthetic systems as indistinguishably from nature we propose to get more insight in the processes occurring in nature. At a fundamental molecular level several molecules will be brought together to form bioactive complex molecular assemblies. Control over the introduction of bioactivity is necessary for selective interactions with specific cells and (parts of) tissues. These design principles will be applied to make different biomaterials that can be brought to the patient as synthetic extracellular matrix gel-like materials for stem cell incorporation, free-standing membranes for the development of bioartificial kidneys, and microcapsules specifically binding to the deteriorating peritoneal membranes of kidney patients on peritoneal dialysis.

Keywords: biomaterials,supramolecular chemistry,regenerative medicine,extracellular matrix,(stem) cells,kidney
EQualIS : Enhancing the Quality of Interacting Systems (EQUALIS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Computer science and informatics
Countries involved: France
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111012, 2012)
Start date: 2013-01-01
End date: 2019-02-28
Duration (months): 74.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1497430.65
EU funding (EUR): 1497430.65
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The ubiquitous use of computerized systems, and their increasing complexity, demand formal evidences of their correctness. While current formal-verification techniques have already been applied to a number of case studies, they are not sufficient yet to fully analyze several aspects of complex systems such as communication networks, embedded systems or industrial controllers. There are three important characteristics of these systems which need to be tackled: - the rich interaction that crucially constrains the behaviour of such systems is poorly taken into account in the actual models; - the imprecisions and uncertainty inherent to systems that are implemented (e.g. on a digital processor), or which interact via a network, or which control physical equipments, are mostly ignored by the verification process; - the deployment of large interacting systems emphasizes the lack for a modular approach to the synthesis of systems. The goal of this project is to develop a systematic approach to the formal analysis of interacting systems. We will use models from game theory for properly taking into account the interaction in those systems, and will propose quantitative measures of correctness and quality, that will take into account the possible perturbations in the systems. The core of the project will be the development of various algorithms for synthesizing high-quality interactive systems. We will be particularly attached to the modularity of the approach and to the development of efficient algorithms. The EQualIS project will deeply impact the design and verification of interacting systems, by providing a rich framework, that will increase our confidence in the analysis of such systems.

Keywords: computer-aided verification,model-checking,automatic synthesis,robustness,timed systems,game theory