Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Population context-dependent regulation of membrane lipid composition and downstream activities in mammalian cells: the FAK-ABCA1 system. (THE FAK-ABCA1 SYSTEM)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-11-01
End date: 2014-10-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 184709.4
EU funding (EUR): 184709.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The aim of this project is to uncover a novel regulatory mechanism that explains how cells change their membrane lipid composition and trafficking as a function of population context, and how that is used to adapt the cell’s physiology to its microenvironment. To do so, I will use single cell microscopy over large populations, lipidomic, phosphoproteomic and microarray analysis of mice cells deleted from Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK). When cells grow at low local cell density or at the edges of cell islets, FAK becomes activated. This event activates signalling and gene regulation. Interestingly, silencing of FAK strongly impairs sphingolipid GM1 amount at the plasma membrane and fate through clathrin-independent endocytosis, leading to drastic diminution of Simian Virus 40 (SV40) infection. Microarray analysis of FAK-KO cells and Wild Type, in dense and sparse contexts, shows that lysosomal, Golgi apparatus and trafficking genes are controlled by activated Focal Adhesion Kinase. ABCA1, a membrane scrambler and cholesterol efflux mediator, is the second overall strongest hit and the only membrane protein amongst the top hits. Strikingly the loss-of-FAK phenotype in cell spreading and growth can be reversed by inhibiting ABCA1, suggesting that FAK act on membranes by controlling ABCA1 production. I would like to characterise the actors and dynamics of the FAK-ABCA1 system to understand how it couples membrane composition and clathrin-independent trafficking to local environments. I will apply i)phosphoproteomic approach and chromatin Immunoprecipitation for finding key signalling axis from FAK activation to gene regulation, ii)lipidomic for characterizing FAK effect on membrane composition, and iii)leading edge single cell microscopy over large populations both in live or fixed conditions in order to characterise the FAK-ABCA1 system effect on membrane ordering and sphingolipid endocytosis to the Golgi apparatus or lysosome, as a function of cell density

Keywords: quantitative cell biology,cell-to-cell variability,membrane trafficking,endocytosis,lipid metabolism,focal adhesion kinase,abc transporters,epithelial- mesenchymal transition
Synthesis and Biological Target Identification of the Potent Tubulin Inhibitor Disorazole C1 and Novel Heterocyclic Analogues (UEDIN-DSZ-BIO)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-09-17
End date: 2014-09-16
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 209033.4
EU funding (EUR): 209033.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Cancer is a common and life-threatening disease with world-wide occurrence, and the number of affected individuals and morbidity continues to increase annually. It is therefore of great importance that straightforward syntheses of potential anti-cancer agents are developed in order to advance treatment and drug discovery in this field. The disorazoles, the subject of this proposal, are a group of natural products which display strong anticancer activity against a variety of cell lines, including multidrug resistant cells. Although one total synthesis and several approaches have been published towards the key family member disorazole C1, these are lengthy and poor-yielding. Consequently, a more-detailed investigation of the mode of action of this highly potent tubulin inhibitor has been severely hampered. The synthetic approach outlined in this proposal will dramatically increase the convergency of synthesis and will allow us to explore how changes in one of the key structural features affects the natural product structure and function. Working in the Hulme group laboratories, the Fellow will synthesise the disorazole C1 analogues with a pioneering approach to construction of the macrolactone core. Using computational modelling and a range of traditional and cutting-edge technologies (X-Ray, NMR and IM-MS) he will study the analogues' structures and tubulin-binding abilities. The Fellow will conduct biological tests including cell-based assays in-house, exploiting the world-leading expertise and facilities within EaStCHEM. The project is thus ideally placed to offer the Fellow a broad interdisciplinary training and give him new insights into both traditional and modern chemical biology and medicinal chemistry techniques. He will attend a series of training courses, tutor and lecture to undergraduates, and exercise considerable supervisory responsibility within the research group; thus enhancing his long-term prospects of becoming an independent academic researcher.

Keywords: organometallic chemistry,anticancer therapy,pharmaceutical chemistry
DRIVING INNOVATION. DETERMINANTS OF PERFORMANCE IN THE FORMULA ONE RACING INDUSTRY. (AJ86RH5GYM)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-07-15
End date: 2014-07-14
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 200371.8
EU funding (EUR): 200371.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

How do firms and teams outperform competitors in highly regulated environments? Despite the considerable amount of research aimed at explaining the nature of firms’ competitive advantage, scholarship has not reached a shared interpretation about the drivers of success for business organizations. This divergence of opinions has two major reasons. First, scholars have not sufficiently considered the impact of external and environmental constraints on management, and thus performance. Among the several external constraints that organizations face, external regulations constantly influence organizations’ activities, and thus their outcomes. Consequently, firms that learn how to adapt to continuous environmental changes and constraints increase their likelihood of survival and success. Second, scholars tend to concentrate their analysis on one single determinant at a time, such as the effect of firm resources, technological innovation, management team composition, or strategic relations. Although scholars agree that firms reach success because they develop inimitable dynamic capabilities, a multilevel concept, few studies tackle more than one aspect at a time. Within highly regulated environments, no study has thus far compared the magnitude of all the major sources of competitive advantage, deriving from the diverse levels of dynamic capabilities. It is critically important for the future of management science to advance a general theory about competitiveness in dynamic, yet highly regulated environments, which compares the impact of different sources of competitive advantage. By studying the Formula One industry, a highly regulated industry at the core of the European automotive sector, this work will respond to a fundamental but still unanswered research question in management literature.

Keywords: administrative sciences,industrial relations,knowledge-based enterprises,innovation dissemination,technology management,new technology based firms
The origin and function of CD20 positive T-cells in health and disease (INSANE IN A MEMBRANE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF, 2011)
Duration (months): 12.0
Total project cost (EUR): 104516.7
EU funding (EUR): 104516.7
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The expression of CD20 is generally assumed to be restricted to lymphocytes of the B-cell lineage. However, there is accumulating evidence that a small subpopulation of T-cells also express CD20. These CD20+ T-cells, which might be described as “insane in their membrane”, were first reported in 1993. The role of these cells in the immune system, however, has never been addressed. The preliminary data presented in the current proposal indicates that the vast majority of these CD20+ T-cells are in fact effector memory T-cells (TEM). Moreover, preliminary data implicate these CD20+ TEM cells in the pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and Ovarian Cancer (OC). In RA patients, these CD20+ TEM cells secrete large amounts of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-17. In OC patients, CD20+ TEM cells account for a striking 20% of all resident T-cells in the peritoneal fluid of patients. Taken together, these findings suggest that CD20+ TEM cells may represent a thus far neglected, but important, immune cell population involved in the pathogenesis of major human diseases like auto-immunity and cancer. The aim of the current proposal is to determine the origin and function of CD20+ TEM cells in healthy individuals, and determine their involvement in auto-immune and cancer progression. To this end, we will determine the precise phenotype of CD20+ TEM cells, their broad antigen-specificity, and changes that occur within this population during RA/OC progression. In addition, we will determine if CD20+ T-cells can be induced from naive T-cells. Finally, we will perform preliminary experiments to determine whether CD20+ T-cells might be used for cancer immunotherapy, or selectively eliminated for treatment of auto-immune disease.

Keywords: anticancer therapy,rheumatology,immunology,human biology
In-situ fabrication of carbon nanotubes and bulk structures of designed configuration (CNTBUS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IIF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-12-04
End date: 2014-12-03
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 278807.4
EU funding (EUR): 278807.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Bulk structures of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) of designed configurations and patterned microstructures, such as ropes, mats, tubes and cross-tubes, are expected to be widely used as super-reinforcements, filters, masks, catalyzer carriers and coatings etc. However, although huge researches have been carried out in this field, the preparation of CNT bulk structured materials is a very challenging problem and still in dark. The main objective of this proposal is to instigate a knowledge transfer project between Dr Jianlin Li, from the world renowned Hainan University and Dr Haitao Ye from the Nanoscience Research Group at Aston University (UK) to explore a novel, economical and straightforward approach towards mass production of CNT bulk structures with various complicated configurations and patterned microstructures. This novel idea stems from current work comprising the following two directions: (1) direct formation of bulk precursor fiber structures of desired configurations on ice collectors during electrospinning; and (2) during annealing, in situ transformations of the spun fibrous structures to metal-containing carbonaceous fibrous structures, and subsequently to bulk structures of CNTs with desired configurations. The proposal aims to bring expertise to the ERA to develop and understand a new approach of directly fabricating CNT Bulk Structures (CNTBUS) of designed configurations by the tunneling of metal nanoparticles in the carbonaceous fibers, to replace currently used approaches. The demand for these new materials will be huge, bringing a leading expert to transfer his expertise to the ERA will enable Europe to take its place at the forefront of development in this field. The proposal will contain several innovative methods to ensure that the findings are quickly disseminated to important European Academic groups, private sector organizations, and industries.

Keywords: carbon nanotube,electrospinning
An ethical framework for the risk-based regulation of biomedical research (ETHICAL RISK)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF, 2011)
Start date: 2013-09-15
End date: 2015-09-14
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 209033.4
EU funding (EUR): 209033.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Background: Biomedical research has important social and economic value. It helps to promote individual and population health, boosts competitiveness and innovative capacity, and thereby contributes to economic growth. Yet, biomedical research exposes study participants to risks. Research also poses risks to public health when the science is poor. The ethical acceptability of research therefore critically depends on protecting participants’ rights and safety, while promoting the scientific and social value of the research. Research regulations are designed to ensure that these requirements are met. -- Patient organizations, investigators, sponsors, and others are increasingly dissatisfied with the existing regulatory framework. Many call for a “risk-based” system of research oversight that matches various safeguards – including independent ethical review and safety monitoring and reporting – to the level of risk posed by the research (e.g., revision of the EU Clinical Trials Directive). However, it remains unclear what such a system should look like. Objectives: 1) To address the ethical questions raised by risk-based research regulations, including the stratification of research risks and the relation between risk, consent, and the scientific and social value of the research. 2) To develop an ethical framework for risk-based research regulations. Methods: Interdisciplinary study that combines conceptual and normative analysis, policy analysis, and expert consultation. Target audience: Policymakers, research regulators, research ethicists, and others interested in the ethics and regulation of risk. Impact: By calibrating safeguards and protections to the level of risk posed by a study, the envisioned framework will help to promote valuable research consistent with adequate subject protection. This is a prerequisite for responsible progress in health. The project will inform current policy and ethical debates both on a national and international level.

Keywords: ethics in health sciences,biomedical ethics,research policy,risk governance
Multidimensional Analysis of Risks and Shocks in Developing Countries (MULTIRISK)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF, 2011)
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 193594.8
EU funding (EUR): 193594.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This research project addresses how various risk factors in developing countries impact individual behavior and subsequent welfare. In an increasingly interconnected world, people face a multitude of economic, social, environmental, and political risks, with shocks often interdependent and occurring simultaneously. This project aims to contribute to a better understanding of the consequences of such shock experiences from a micro-level perspective. The analysis, which will be based on the existing literature that addresses the reactions to and effects of selected shocks, will combine exceptionally detailed household survey with disaster event data from Indonesia and Colombia, two countries exposed to recent natural and human-induced shocks. State-of-the-art econometric techniques allow addressing some of the open methodological issues in the field and will lead to a comprehensive and comparative study of post-shock coping strategies and its welfare implications. The project will be implemented at the Université de la Méditerranée Aix-Marseille II (UnivMed), which has a strong focus on quantitative development economics and, moreover, provides an outstanding pool of econometric knowledge that is critical for the successful implementation of this methodologically demanding research. The researcher will use the fellowship to further deepen his research capacities, to expand his management and organizational skills, and to gain teaching and supervision experience, all of which contributes to the achievement of his career goals in academia. Finally, from a European policy perspective, the project aims at guiding social policies in alleviating the consequences of adverse shocks on poor households. Based on evidence-driven insights, the outcomes of this project should help to efficiently design European aid and cooperation policies, on which many billion Euros are spent each year.

Keywords: econometrics,economics of development,microeconomics
Electron probing of functional oxides (EPOFO)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-08-01
End date: 2014-07-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 200371.8
EU funding (EUR): 200371.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This project is aimed towards unlocking the properties of functional oxides such as ferroelectric (BaTiO3, BiFeO3 on SrNbxTi1-xO3/SrTiO3) and multiferroic (CoFe2O4 on BaTiO3) thin films. The need for manufacturing such thin films with tailored properties is currently growing immensely due to their potential for a wide range of applications including high frequency electronics, microwave tunable devices, and memory based devices. The key feature of these devices is the speed of tuning and the most inhibiting factor in their usability is the slow relaxation processes which are attributed to the residual polarization caused by the space charge formed due to the injection of electrons from electrodes and its trapping by defects and/or oxygen vacancies on the oxide film-electrode interface and/or inside the film itself. Currently, there is a critical demand for the development and application of characterization methods that are able to probe the physicochemical material parameters on the very local scale. To address this, an integrated multidisciplinary approach will be undertaken. State-of-art nanoanalytical electron microscopy techniques will be applied and developed to determine the films potential for the next-generation nanoscale components pertinent to microwave and memory devices. Specifically the objectives of the proposed research are (1) to investigate the structural defects/domain structure of ferroelectric/ multiferroic thin films, (2) to probe the oxygen deficiencies/vacancies at the interfaces, and (3) to experimentally identify and evaluate the space charge distributions arising from these defects. Finally, all experimental results will be weighed against theoretical predictions. Ultimately, the results of this project will elucidate the switch-ability, i.e. the inherent speed of tuning, of the materials at sub-nanometer scale, by rationalizing the role that each of the above-mentioned, critical attributes play in regulating the relaxation processes.

Keywords: technological sciences,ferroelectrics,multiferroics,hrtem,ncsi,stem,eels,off-axis electron holography
ADVANCED COMPOSITES INSPIRED BY NATURE (ACIN)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-03-01
End date: 2014-07-04
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 209033.4
EU funding (EUR): 209033.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

One of the major challenges faced by materials science is the development of new stronger and tougher lightweight structural materials to support advances in strategic fields as diverse as building, transportation, energy or healthcare. Current materials available are reaching their performance limits. In the search for inspiration to create new ceramic materials that will break current performance barriers, scientists and engineers have looked at the remarkable properties and structure of natural composites. However, we still do not have a clear idea of what role bio-inspiration should play in the development of new synthetic materials. We strongly believe that this important question must be addressed through the combination of new processing techniques able to achieve, in practical dimensions, complex structural hierarchies with a deep understanding of the relationships between structure and mechanical response, encompassing the influence of structural parameters acting at multiple length scales. This project will demonstrate that by combining two novel processing techniques (freeze casting and Spark Plasma Sintering, SPS) it will be possible to fabricate bio-inspired ceramic-based composites that replicate the toughening mechanisms observed in natural materials and, as a consequence, exhibit unprecedented combinations of mechanical properties.

Keywords: ceramics,composites,hierarchical structures,freeze casting,spark plasma sintering,toughness,strength,biomimicry,materials engineering