Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Discovery and characterization of factors coupling the cytoskeleton to cell wall biogenesis in Bacillus subtilis. (ROD-SHAPING PROTEINS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2007-2-1-IEF, 2007)
Start date: 2009-02-01
End date: 2011-01-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 178874.06
EU funding (EUR): 178874.06
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The bacterial cell wall is a crucial structure designed to provide physical integrity to the cell. The cell wall (CW) defines the shape of most bacterial cells and it must be a dynamic structure, being continuously synthesized and remodeled to enable several physiological and morphological changes. A number of genes involved in cell shape control have been identified in rod-shaped bacteria, including genes implicated in cell wall synthesis or assembly. It has been recently discovered that the mreB family of genes encode structural and functional homologues of eukaryotic actin (Jones, et al. 2001; van de Ent, et al. 2001). Bacillus subtilis contains three MreB family members, MreB, Mbl and MreBH, which undergo ATP-dependent polymerization into helical structures co-localized around the cell periphery, close to the inner surface of the cytoplasmic membrane. These filamentous structures play a direct role in determining cell shape in non-spherical bacteria (Carballido-López and Errington, 2003; Jones, et al. 2001) and also in a range of various other important cell processes, including chromosome segregation and cell polarity. However, the different functions of the MreB isoforms and their effector proteins remained unknown. There are several kind of proteins that they could interact with in order to exert spatial and temporal control over CW synthesis. The main goals of this research proposal are the following: 1. Identification of new genes involved in lateral cell wall synthesis in B. subtilis and their relationships with the MreB homologues. 2. To characterize biochemical and genetically the interactions of MreB isoforms with the different effector proteins. 3. To investigate the functional significance of those interactions on cell processes including cell wall elongation and cell division.

Keywords: cell biology,biology,bacterial cell shape,cytoskeleton,cell wall synthesis,actin-like proteins,peptidoglycan,autolytic enzymes,mreb homologues
Melting of a pyroxenite-peridotite marble cake mantle, Ronda Massif-southern Spain: implications for the compositional heterogeneity of mantle-derived melts. (RONDA PYROXENITES)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2007-2-1-IEF, 2007)
Start date: 2009-02-15
End date: 2011-01-14
Duration (months): 23.0
Total project cost (EUR): 162509.69
EU funding (EUR): 162509.69
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The mantle is the main source of the magmas that extrude at the Earth surface and an essential goal for Earth scientists is to understand how this reservoir works and how it produces different types of melts. The isotopic variability of mantle-derived melts reflects the lithological heterogeneity of their source, but provides little information on how these heterogeneities were acquired. The Ronda peridotite (southern Spain) is a unique natural laboratory to unravel how the mantle acts during melting. Indeed, the Ronda Massif preserves a unique example of a sharp melting front affecting a heterogeneous mantle domain composed of peridotite and garnet pyroxenite thrust tectonically on to the Earth’s surface. The applicant proposes to carry out both whole rock and in-situ trace element and (Sr-Nd-Hf-Pb-Os) isotopic analyses in pyroxenites and wall-rock peridotites located at different distances from the Ronda melting front. This study will provide new insights into how different radiogenic isotopes behave during partial melting of a mixed pyroxenite-peridotite mantle, how the interaction between pyroxenite melts and host-peridotite affects the isotopic composition of the mantle, and to what length-scales these isotopic systems are homogenized and/or decoupled during mantle melting. The proposed Career Development Plan will permit to complement the professional skills of the candidate in analytical geochemistry and will be fundamental for his potential success as Earth Scientist. The host organization (Géosciences Montpellier, France) is internationally reputed one of the best European laboratories in mantle geochemistry research. The programmed collaboration with a third-country institution (GEMOC, Macquarie University, Australia) will strengthen the international cooperation of European researchers with one of the world’s best equipped geochemical laboratory.

Keywords: lithospheric mantle,mantle pyroxenites,trace elements,sr-nd-hf-pb-os isotopic systems,in-situ isotopic analysis,ronda massif
Resolving the molecular mechanisms responsible for the localization of mRNA through active transport (MRNA LOCALIZATION)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2007-4-2-IIF, 2007)
Start date: 2008-06-09
End date: 2010-06-08
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 169957.94
EU funding (EUR): 169957.94
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

I intend to further characterize the molecular mechanisms responsible for the localization of mRNA (RNA) through active transport by motors on microtubule tracks. My specific aims are: 1) Elucidating the dynamics of active RNA transport. I will investigate how unique RNAs arrive at discrete cellular destinations using the same molecular motor and the hypothesis that RNAs travel on distinct populations of microtubules. To study bicoid and gurken RNA transport particles I will use OMX for very rapid and highly sensitive image acquisition in three dimensions of several channels simultaneously. 2) Distinguishing the mechanisms of RNA maintenance and anchoring. I will test the hypothesis that the ultrastructure and composition of RNA transport and anchoring complexes changes through the course of development using cryo-immuo EM. I will compare the transport particles of different RNAs (i.e. bicoid, gurken, nanos) and co-visualize these with key transacting factors such as Stuafen, Exuperentia and Squid. 3) Determining the mechanism of multiple localization events for a single RNA. I will address the hypothesis that the confirmation and composition of transport and anchoring complexes stage at different steps and times during development. Using live cell imaging of photoactivatable components, I will characterize changes in residency time of RNAs and their transacting factors within transport and anchoring structures

Keywords: cell biology,developmental biology,genetics
Diagram Based Reasoning (DBR)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2007-2-1-IEF, 2007)
Start date: 2008-06-01
End date: 2010-05-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 163076.7
EU funding (EUR): 163076.7
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Diagrams are massively used in many reasoning processes and in the very practice of science; however, there is in general no consensus about the reasons why a diagram can be successfully used, and whether it represents only an auxiliary aid for reasoning or is something more fundamental for it. The aim of the present project is the in depth investigation into the capacity of diagrams to convey information and supporting reasoning and inferences, which is necessary for a general evaluation of the tools available for thought, especially in view of the very fast developing of new technologies that support reasoning and communication. The objectives of the current project are the following: (1) the evaluation of the cognitive advantages in the use of diagrams. (2) a classification of diagrams. To assess this question, three hypotheses will be tested empirically: (a) diagrams confer cognitive advantage over linguistic representations. It will be evaluated to what extent diagrams are effective in promoting inference generation, in particular in making it possible to extract and manipulate information without long calculations. (b) diagrams constitute a cognitive advantage over mental computations, for the very reason that they are extra-mental devices. It will be evaluated whether the claim that certain cognitive problems are solved more quickly, easily and reliably by performing actions and manipulations directly on the diagram itself to promote new inferences is true. (c) it is necessary to move from the question of what a diagram is to the question of what a diagram is used for, and to focus on the different uses that can be made of diagrams to convey information. The cognitive study into the use of diagrams is thus combined with a pragmatic study of the way diagrams are actually used, thereby side-stepping the uninformative dichotomy visual vs. non visual.

Keywords: epistemology,cognitive science,information processing,data management,semiotics,communication anthropology,education.
Nanocrystalline oxides for selective oxidative electrocatalysis (NOSOE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Czechia
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2007-4-2-IIF, 2007)
Start date: 2009-01-01
End date: 2010-12-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 179690.56
EU funding (EUR): 179690.56
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The proposed project aims at understanding of the electrocatalytic activity and selectivity of the nanoctrystalline oxide electrodes in oxidation processes. Nanocrystalline forms of electrocatalytically active oxides based on pure RuO2 and Co3O4 and on the oxides derived from those by hetero-static substitution will be synthesized by advanced solution based techniques to obtain single phase materials with defined particle size and shape. Prepared materials will be characterized by diffraction techniques, X-ray absorption spectroscopies (EXAFS/XANES) and electron microscopy (SEM/HRTEM) to obtain information about the structure and surface orientation. The electrocatalytic activity of the prepared materials with respect to industrially important electrocatalytic processes – chlorine and oxygen evolution will be characterized using and common electrocatalytic techniques (CV, DEMS, impedance spectroscopy). The active sites (or their model structural elements) for these processes will be identified by combination of ex-situ XPS and in-situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (EXAFS/XANES). The obtained data will be used to formulate general relationships between the oxide surface structure and composition and its electrocatalytic activity and selectivity. These general rules may be in the long run used for rational design of novel electrocatalysts with tailored properties.

Keywords: natural sciences,electrochemistry,reaction mechanisms ands dynamics
Interactions between marine algae and bacteria (ALGBACT)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2007-2-1-IEF, 2007)
Start date: 2009-03-01
End date: 2010-08-31
Duration (months): 18.0
Total project cost (EUR): 137868.56
EU funding (EUR): 137868.56
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Trophic interactions between bacteria and unicellular algae in aquatic systems are well documented in the literature as the microbial loop plays a critical role in important processes as carbon flux and nutrient regeneration. In contrast, chemical interactions between bacteria and harmful phytoplankton and their potential impact on the production of biotoxins and population dynamics have received comparatively little attention. The scientific goal is to identify specific mechanisms of action involving allelochemicals in bacterial-algal interactions and their role in harmful algal bloom (HAB) ecology. The overall objective of the project is to explore whether or not HAB species can selectively promote the growth of bacteria, through the production of allelochemicals that may inhibit the killing of algicidal strains. The project aims to determine 1) the antibiotic properties of allelochemicals using model algal-bacterial communities 2) whether bacteria affect gene expression and the production of allelochemicals, 3) whether bacteria sensitive to allelochemicals produce algicidal compounds, and 4) the nature of poorly characterized allelochemicals. Natural plankton communities and selected phytoplankton and bacteria cultures will be studied using a multidisciplinary approach i.e. physiological, chemical and molecular-based techniques. The project will contribute to enhance technological, scientific and professional skills of the applicant and facilitate the reintegration of full time research and the possibility to attain a professorship over a short time period.

Keywords: marine ecosystems (environment,fisheries and aquaculture interactions)
Assessment Frameworks for Epistemic Games (AFEG)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2007-4-2-IIF, 2007)
Start date: 2008-08-01
End date: 2009-07-31
Duration (months): 12.0
Total project cost (EUR): 79766.1
EU funding (EUR): 79766.1
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Contemporary video games are profoundly engaging and motivating to young people, and a growing body of research on epistemic games, or games based on professional practices shows that epistemic games that simulate professional training can make deep and powerful learning available to students. In epistemic games, players develop expertise by playing as novices training to be professionals such as engineers, urban planners, science journalists, and so on. In these games, however, players are not just “playing around” and doing whatever they want. Direct mentoring by experts is part of any professional training, thus explicit guidance is part of an epistemic game. But the mentoring is the kind of mentoring that professionals get in their training experiences, rather than the traditional direct instruction of school-based learning or the skill-and-drill in basic facts and skills that too many educational games currently provide. This proposal addresses a critical issue in the use of such game technologies for learning, namely: How can we assess innovative and creative thinking developed by computer games? Specifically, we plan to validate two assessment instruments (epistemic frame inventories (EFIs)) for game-based learning by showing that they can distinguish between novice and expert thinking in the problems, concepts, and domains of the innovative professions of urban planning and engineering. As a result, we will be able to distinguish levels of performance on the EFIs, as well as determine the relative contribution of overall maturity and domain-specific expertise on frame development. (That is, we will be able to see whether professionals develop “innovative thinking” in general, or whether their expertise in creativity is specific to their area of practice.) In so doing, we propose to both advance the field of educational games, to transfer knowledge about epistemic games and assessment, and to build a long-term collaboration between US and European game re

Keywords: social sciences,education,educational multimedia,indicators
Investigating Neutrinos in Cosmology and Astrophysics (INCA)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2007-2-1-IEF, 2007)
Start date: 2009-12-01
End date: 2011-11-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 143204.12
EU funding (EUR): 143204.12
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

We propose to explore the role of neutrinos in cosmology and astrophysics via theoretical investigations and the development of numerical and computational tools. In the first case, we shall investigate further the phenomenology related to the cosmological neutrino mass and energy density determination, exploiting the forthcoming data from the Planck ESA satellite and other cosmological surveys and probes. Particular attention will be devoted to the cosmological impact of new physics in the neutrino sector. In the second case, we shall consider the high and ultra-high energy sector of relevance for Cherenkov detectors (like the ongoing effort towards a Mediterranean km3 telescope) and Ground Arrays like the Pierre Auger Observatory. An interdisciplinary and multi-messenger approach will be the common denominator in both cases: in the former field, we shall consider the implications from (and the consequences for) laboratory experiments like Katrin or neutrinoless double beta decay searches, as well as hints of new physics that could come from the first results of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In the latter sector, we will link the predictions for the neutrino-related observables at high energy with cosmic ray and gamma-ray data (from instruments like Auger, HESS, MAGIC and GLAST). Incursions in the intermediate energy ranges (MeV) are possible, especially related to the phenomenology of solar and core-collapse supernova neutrinos, and to the development of European plans towards a large underground facility for neutrino-related studies.

Keywords: astrophysics,cosmology,neutrinos,high-energy astroparticle,multi-messenger astronomy
Spectroscopy of ordered and quasi ordered complex solids (SOQCS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Italy
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2007-4-2-IIF, 2007)
Start date: 2008-09-01
End date: 2009-08-31
Duration (months): 12.0
Total project cost (EUR): 112286.64
EU funding (EUR): 112286.64
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Complex oxides with competing interactions are one of the biggest challenges in condensed matter physics and at the same time promising materials for applications. The recent developments in ARPES (angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy) studies of cuprates opens a direct window on how strong correlations renormalize energy bands, and may provide important clues into the unusual properties of these materials. The proposed research will combine the Guest's expertise in modeling complex oxide spectroscopies (ARPES, RIXS -- resonant inelastic x-ray scattering) via a weak coupling route (Hartree-Fock to RPA to self-consistent Born approximation -- SCBA) with the Host's strong coupling expertise (time-dependent Gutzwiller approximation -- TDGA) to provide a deeper understanding of cuprate physics. In particular, electron-doped cuprates have been modeled as uniform antiferromagnetic superconductors, with renormalized hopping parameters (with respect to first-principles LDA calculations) and a doping dependent Hubbard U. We hope to explain the renormalization via SCBA and the doping dependence of U via TDGA. The same model, with similar parameters, should apply to hole-overdoped cuprates. We will use TDGA to generate stripe physics, to extend the model to the hole-underdoped (pseudogap) regime. Extensions to other systems (metallic nickel) will also be undertaken.

Keywords: physical sciences,cuprates,gutzwiller approximation
Inference and machine learning methods in human-computer interaction (INFERENCEHCI)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2007-2-1-IEF, 2007)
Start date: 2008-07-01
End date: 2010-05-31
Duration (months): 23.0
Total project cost (EUR): 161225.98
EU funding (EUR): 161225.98
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

My overall vision is that by combining inference algorithms and user interface technology, we can construct more human-computer interaction interfaces that are more efficient, less fatiguing and more interesting to use. In my dissertation I focused on using such an approach for effective text and command entry on mobile devices. In this proposal I want to widen the scope of my investigation from just mobile text entry interfaces to general gestural interfaces, with a special application for an effective end-user programming environment. My proposal can be subdivided into four research objectives whereas the first two will be tackled from day 1 while the fourth research objective will grow out of the research results from the first two. Immediate research objective 1: tapping vs. gesturing geometric patterns Immediate research objective 2: visualization of pen-gesture recognition Immediate research objective 3: tool support for the design of pen-gestures Research objective 4: sketch-based end-user programming environment Both pen-based and multi-touch interaction are increasingly gaining popularity among journalists and manufacturers with the arrival of the Apple iPhone and LG high-end mobile phones with their advanced touch-screens. Large multi-touch sensitive displays and pen-based tablet computers are becoming commodity electronic equipment, no longer reserved for research labs. At the same time, processing power and memory on both desktop and mobile devices have improved to allow smarter algorithms to be implemented. This project will provide new innovations and research insights that make these types of devices more practical and more attractive for consumers and professionals. Several European companies could benefit from this research being pursued from within Europe, for example Sony Ericsson and Nokia. My intention is to seek a faculty position at a European university after the fellowship and start a research group in this research area.

Keywords: human computer interaction