Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Policy analysis through community engagement (PATCE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2007-4-2-IIF, 2007)
Start date: 2008-07-28
End date: 2009-07-27
Duration (months): 12.0
Total project cost (EUR): 85921.57
EU funding (EUR): 85921.57
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The Water Framework Directive (WFD) calls for improvement in water bodies across Europe by 2015 (European Parliament, 2000). The Directive measures in terms of ‘ecological quality’, requiring reductions in non-point source pollutants, which are primarily produced through agricultural activities (Bateman et al, 2006). Policies such as reductions in nitrogen application and in stocking rates will be necessary to meet WDF requirement. Bateman et al. (2006) have designed and built a GIS model in an attempt to better understand how farmers will respond to potential policy interventions. The model takes into account the differing characteristics of farming districts such as style and intensity of farming, soil type and structure, topography and rainfall, and the economics of farming. The model outputs include projections about farmer responses to different policy interventions. This project is designed to 'ground truth' the projections produced by the model. Set at the community level, and relying on farmer interviews and surveying, the ground truthing will be based on the Australiasian developed and tested I3 Response Framework (Murdoch et al., 2006). In accordance with the I3 Response Framework methodology, qualitative information on farmer preferences will be gathered through individual interviews and analysed in relation to the framework quadrants. Utilising the information from interviews, a survey tool will be constructed to test farmer responses to policy interventions under the WDF. A stratified sampling technique will ensure representation across the range of farming businesses. The quantitative and qualitative responses derived from the survey will provide an in-depth understanding of farmer actions across the range of farm businesses, and provide data for comparison with the model results.

Keywords: control of chemicals,water policy,water directive framework,agriculture,nitrogen,faecal matter,non-point pollution
Compositional Changes of Sedimentary Organic Matter from a 100-year Flood Deposit: Insights into Event-Driven Processes in the Coastal Ocean (SOMFLOOD)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Italy
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2007-4-1-IOF, 2007)
Start date: 2008-07-03
End date: 2011-07-02
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 230668.86
EU funding (EUR): 230668.86
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

In spite of their importance as sites of long-term burial of organic matter (OM), key questions remain regarding the factors controlling carbon sequestration in river subaqueous deltas. One of the salient, but poorly understood, features of these river-dominated ocean margins (RIOMARs) is their highly dynamic nature. Specifically, we lack quantitative understanding of the role that perturbation events, such as floods, play in the OM biogeochemistry of RIOMAR systems. To address this knowledge gap, we propose to analyze the composition of OM in sediments from the Po River prodelta (Italy) that were emplaced during a 100-year flood. We propose to conduct a series of analyses designed to test specific aspects of a conceptual model of non-steady state biogeochemical OM cycling in coastal margins. We will specifically test the effects of key physical forcings (sediment deposition, physical and biological reworking, and microbial activity) on the processes responsible for the cycling and ultimate fate of OM in the flood deposit. We will investigate changes in the physical properties and composition of a variety of OM constituents including organic carbon, organic nitrogen, isotopes, as well as specific biochemical classes (fatty acids, cutin, lignin and amino acid products). Our approach will be to select sites and zones of the sedimentary column that experienced intense and clear changes in order to test hypotheses regarding the effects of these post-depositional processes. Our proposed work will provide novel insights into the role that major floods play on the cycling and fate of organic matter in RIOMAR sediments. This area of research is critical to several ongoing international programs (e.g. North American Carbon Program, Carbon&Water, MARGINS) designed to understand global organic carbon cycle, and more specifically to define the connections between terrestrial and marine environments.

Keywords: chemical oceanography,biomarkers,stable isotopes,lignin,prodelta
The epistemology of biopolitics (BIOPOLITICS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2007-2-1-IEF, 2007)
Start date: 2008-10-01
End date: 2010-03-31
Duration (months): 18.0
Total project cost (EUR): 117176.08
EU funding (EUR): 117176.08
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The epistemology of biopolitics: rediscovering Georges Canguilhem This research project will cast new light on the works of the philosopher of life and medical sciences, Georges Canguilhem. In the second half of the Twentieth Century a new and pressing issue emerged in international intellectual discourse: the ability of scientific rationality to intervene in the evolution of the human species. In the mid 1970’s, Michel Foucault defined this issue as “biopolitics”. Building upon the research of his mentor Canguilhem he described the simultaneous emergence of biological paradigms with the power of man over his own species. In Europe and the United States, the last decade has witnessed the hegemony of Foucault’s political focus in the research and intellectual debate concerning this issue. Meanwhile the fundamental epistemological focus of Georges Canguilhem has been unfortunately neglected. This project aims to rediscover and develop this focus in order to recast the debate about “biopolitics”. The project would be undertaken in collaboration with the “Centre Georges Canguilhem” located at the University of Paris VII. Research would be conducted upon at the CAPHES (Centre d’Archives de Philosophie d’Histoire et d’Édition des Sciences), where new unedited material contained in the “Fonds Canguilhem” has recently made available. The ultimate goal of the project is to build a new and fertile European research network within an international field, as well as to develop the professional career of the author.

Keywords: epistemology,history of science,moral philosophy,science and society
Attosecond Coherent Control (ATTOCO)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Sweden
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2007-2-1-IEF, 2007)
Start date: 2008-05-01
End date: 2010-04-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 177320.91
EU funding (EUR): 177320.91
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

During the last decade, the advent of reliable lasers capable of producing pulses of light with duration of merely a few femtoseconds brought on a revolution not only in laser physics but in many other fields of science as well. The next step is to controllably produce pulses with duration in the attosecond regime. Attosecond technology is expected to lead to numerous applications in atomic and molecular physics and in material and surface science. The goal of this project is to improve the control of attosecond pulse generation, and to use this improved control to study coherent control of ionization dynamics in gases. In order to do this, an upgrade to the existing laser setup at Lund University is needed. Therefore, the first objective is to install a new state-of-the-art laser system for the production of attosecond pulses. The second objective is to use the new system to produce stable attosecond pulse trains where the number of pulses in the trains can be varied from about ten down to a single isolated pulse. Such control is beyond that what is currently available anywhere and is unique to this work. Very recently, using attosecond pulse trains centred below the ionization threshold of helium atoms, the Lund group observed a strong modulation of the ionization signal on an attosecond time scale. The depth of modulation depended on the separation between the attosecond pulses as well as on the number of the pulses in the pulse train. In the third objective of this proposal, the newly added control of the pulse trains will be used to study this very recent development further. The vision is to enable control of a broad range of ionization, excitation and dissociation processes in atoms, molecules and more complex systems by directly affecting the electronic motion on its attosecond time scale.

Keywords: physics,experimental physics,applied optics,high-field attosecond physics,high-harmonic generation
Multiplex detection of (un)authorized GMOs in food and feed (GMULTI)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2007-2-1-IEF, 2007)
Start date: 2008-10-15
End date: 2010-04-14
Duration (months): 18.0
Total project cost (EUR): 120142.68
EU funding (EUR): 120142.68
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The main objective of the project is to apply and further develop a multiplex DNA detection system for identification of unauthorized genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in European food and feed chains. The relevance of this is underscored by recent incidents with unapproved Bt10 maize, Bt73 rice and LL62 rice, which showed that lab-testing is unavoidable for maintenance of national and EU laws. This requires a reliable, cost-effective detection method. Real time PCR meets sensitivity demands up to a 0.1% level. However, detection and identification of GMOs in food is a time-consuming and expensive puzzle in many cases, when many subsequent real time PCR reactions have to be performed for identification. Padlockprobe, ligation-based multiplex detection does provide a method that can potentially meet all the demands of unauthorized GM detection. It is a three step reaction sequence starting with the detection of all possible targets in a single ligation reaction. Subsequent steps involve amplification by PCR and identification by microarray hybridization. The project has four distinct phases: 1) Identification of the DNA target sequences for padlock probe design. The combination of all available sequence information will be used for the building of a model for unauthorized GMO detection. This model will identify the most informative elements as well as any hiatus in sequence information; 2) Design of padlock probes for the DNA targets. This requires examination of secondary structures compromising the efficiency of the probes, and similarity to known DNA sequences resulting in non-specific reactions. 3) Testing of the padlockprobes in the lab. The most important parameters will be sensitivity, the relation between the sensitivity and the number of targets, and the specificity; 4) Validation of the developed method. Dissemination will occur throughout the project through presentations at (inter)national symposia and papers in peer-reviewed scientific journals.

Keywords: biological sciences,molecular biology,multiplex,dna,ligation,padlock,pcr,microarray,unauthorized gmos,food,feed,eu legislation,validation,decision tree learning
SUBCOMPONENT SELF-ASSEMBLY AS A ROUTE TO NEW STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS (SUBSA)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2007-4-2-IIF, 2007)
Start date: 2008-03-01
End date: 2009-12-31
Duration (months): 22.0
Total project cost (EUR): 175472.0
EU funding (EUR): 175472.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

In the following proposal, we will investigate new means of creating complex structures and materials using subcomponent self-assembly. In the first part, we ask fundamental questions about how structural complexity, including topological complexity, may be created using self-assembly. In the second part, we propose to synthesize a series of metal-containing oligomeric and polymeric species. The properties of these oligomers will be studied, to see if the polymers generated using the same methodology might be of use as conductive molecular wires.

Keywords: macromolecular chemistry,subcomponent,self-assembly,coordination chemistry,copper(i),oligomers,polymers
Application of SOMO Catalysis Towards the Synthesis of Complex Steroidal Frameworks (SOMO)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2007-4-1-IOF, 2007)
Start date: 2008-02-15
End date: 2011-02-14
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 234077.73
EU funding (EUR): 234077.73
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This proposal describes methods for enantioselective organocatalytic radical cascade polycyclisation reactions based on using the newly discovered techonology of SOMO catalysis. The past 8 years has seen tremendous progress in the field of organocatalysis. In particular the advent of both LUMO lowering imnium ion catalysis and HOMO raising enamine catalysis has seen the development of more than 60 new asymmetric methodologies. Very recently, the MacMillan group disclosed a new strategy which provides alternative reactivity compared with enamine or iminium catalysis. It was realised that the intimate equilibrium between enamine and iminium intermediates can be interrupted chemically by a single electron oxidation to form a 3pi-electron species containing a singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO). This radical cation species was found to be capable of the typical reactivity pathways associated within the realm of radical chemistry and allowed access to a previously unknown set of organocatalytic transformations. This methodology is proposed to be applicable to the formation of multiple carbocyclic rings where the catalyst triggers an initial cyclisation resulting in a cascade reaction to form a complex steroid like framework. A biologically active steroid also has been identified as a target for this methodology. This possesses a interesting biological profile and potency against certain cancer cell lines. The methodology will also be flexible enough for analogue synthesis with the aim of discovering more potent compounds with potential for the treatment of cancer. In the return phase the applicant will study in the field of C-H activation which will compliment his training on the forefront of synthetic chemistry.

Keywords: organic chemistry,organocatalysis,natural product synthesis
Autophagic cell death across Kingdoms; using the plant genetic model system Arabidopsis to characterize cell death regulators in animals, with applications for human cancer (KINGDOM CELL DEATH)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Denmark
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2007-4-2-IIF, 2007)
Start date: 2009-01-01
End date: 2011-03-31
Duration (months): 27.0
Total project cost (EUR): 212823.92
EU funding (EUR): 212823.92
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Programmed cell death (PCD) is essential for plant and animal development. PCD is also invoked in pathological physiologies, as inappropriate PCD is implicated in human disease, while PCD is required for the plants innate immune response to pathogens. One type of PCD, macroautophagy, is an intracellular degradation system for cytosolic components and organelles in eukaryotes. The molecular mechanism of autophagy, although extensively studied using yeast during the past decade, remains to be elucidated. Similarly, plants undergo authophagic cell death – the genetically tractable model plant Arabidopsis thaliana represents a superior platform for understanding this process in higher eukaryotes. The recently discovered accelerated cell death 11 (acd11) mutant, a deletion of a sphingolipid transfer protein, exhibits vegetative cell death that is blocked if depleted of the defense molecule salicylic acid. Preliminary data shows that ACD11 and its human homolog FAPP2 suppress autophagy, indicating that they function in a cell death pathway conserved across the eukaryotic kingdoms. This is of extraordinary interest, since it provides a genetic tool to rapidly identify new regulators of human autophagy in Arabidopsis. Therefore, genetic screening and cloning of PCD suppressors from acd11 and related mutants, and the identification of ACD11 interaction partners, will allow us to characterize novel positive and negative regulators of PCD across kingdoms. The identification of the candidate human PCD regulator hsPRA1 by screening for ACD11-interactors in Arabidopsis is an exciting advance and points toward the validity of this approach. Furthermore, truncated versions of FAPP2 accumulate in various cancers. Our goal is to investigate the oncogenic potential of FAPP2 and novel PCD regulators in human autophagy and cancer transformation. Autophagic cell death induction by some anticancer agents underlines the potential utility of its induction as a new cancer treatment modality.

Keywords: autophagy,programmed cell death,anticancer therapy,genetic mapping,molecular genetics,plant physiology,cell biology,arabidopsis thaliana,genomics,plant genetics,proteomics
The genetic dissection of herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) in children (NOVELPID)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2007-2-1-IEF, 2007)
Start date: 2008-05-01
End date: 2010-04-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 163076.7
EU funding (EUR): 163076.7
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is a rare disease affecting young children as well as adults due to primary infection with herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1). HSV-1 is a nearly ubiquitous virus commonly infecting humans however most do not develop HSE, suggesting that these children possess an underlying genetic susceptibility to HSV-1. In addition, familial forms of HSE have been described, and in our HSE epidemiological study a relatively high incidence of consanguinity was found among HSE patients supporting the notion of a genetic contribution to disease manifestation. Notably, these patients are otherwise healthy and able to mount a normal adaptive immune response to HSV-1, pointing to the likelihood that they harbor an unidentified form of primary immunodeficiency disease affecting their innate immune system. We have recently identified the first two genetic etiologies UNC93B and TLR3 deficiencies in HSE patients validating our hypothesis. Here we propose to use a candidate gene approach to identify other gene(s) involved in HSE by cellular phenotyping and physical mapping. The cellular phenotyping will focus on one of the major components of antiviral innate immunity, namely, the production of and response to interferon-α/β (IFN-α/β). Patients with mutations in UNC93B and TLR3 show reduced IFN production after viral and double-stranded RNA stimulation, revealing this specific UNC93B-TLR3-IFN pathway as relevant to HSE immunity. Hence, HSE patients will be screened for IFN production in response to HSV-1 and Toll-like receptor agonists, and the causative genes identified following a candidate gene approach. In parallel, physical mapping has been initiated following the results of a genome scan of consanguineous families with HSE. The identification of genes involved in HSE will present important biological and medical implications, providing a dissection of immunity to HSV-1 in natural conditions and a rational understanding of HSE pathogenesis.

Keywords: immunology,infections,molecular genetics
Development of a model of in vitro endochondral ossification with neovascularisation (IVANG)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2007-2-1-IEF, 2007)
Start date: 2008-02-15
End date: 2009-08-14
Duration (months): 18.0
Total project cost (EUR): 119575.67
EU funding (EUR): 119575.67
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The aim of this proposal is to develop an in vitro model of endochondral ossification combined with neovascularisation in order to develop treatments for musculoskeletal ailments and to enable us to better understand the processes leading to tissue formation and disease processes, such as osteoarthritis. The process of endochondral ossification is that by which bone is formed not directly but by first developing cartilage, which is subsequently mineralised and vascularised. These two processes are intimately linked. This project will use adult human marrow stromal cells to induce bone formation via chondrogenesis and chondrocyte hypertrophy as occurs with endochondral ossification. Neovascularisation will also be induced separately using the same cell and scaffold source. These constructs will then be combined in a truly novel approach to understand the role of vessel invasion in bone and cartilage formation. Generation of a viable vascularised bone construct will also take place. In the coming years, with an increasing demographic trend towards an older population in Europe and worldwide, there is a serious socioeconomic need for the development of new treatments for musculoskeletal ailments. One of the problems with current tissue engineering approaches to these problems is a lack of basic understanding of the complex process underway in tissue repair in vivo. This model will serve two purposes. Firstly it will deepen this understanding and secondly, it will offer several potentially suitable treatment options for bone and cartilage repair.

Keywords: health sciences,orthopaedics,biological engineering,cell biology