Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Moral residue - epistemological ramifications, ethical implications and didactic opportunities (MORE)

Framework: Horizon Europe — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Texts and Concepts
Panel description: Literary studies , literature,  philosophy
Countries involved: Norway,Netherlands
Call: ERC ADVANCED GRANTS (ERC-2021-ADG, 2021)
Start date: 2022-09-01
End date: 2027-08-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2455263.0
EU funding (EUR): 2455263.0
Participants: 4
Project status: SIGNED

This project is a contribution to moral philosophy, to the didactics of transformative reading and to medical ethics education. It examines moral residue (MR); the distress experience common among health care practitioners as well as other moral agents of recognizing what they take to be their own failure to meet a moral requirement, despite not being fully blameworthy for that failure; and which they express through regret or anguish. Our overall aim is threefold: (1) to substantially advance the philosophical and phenomenological understanding of MR, as a concept and as an experience, by analysing situations of MR caused by moral dilemmas, and by directing attention to situations that have not been explored or are under-explored - MR caused by unavoidable normative ignorance or by impermissible emotions; (2) to empirically study the impact of literary narrative fiction (that is thematically related to MR) in altering concepts of self and others, a process we call “transformative reading”, and (3) to devise, and to empirically test the potential merits of a novel narrative method for medical ethics education that we believe can enable health care practitioners to learn how to acknowledge their inherent vulnerability to MR, and to accept that they are likely to fail morally in ways that they may not be able to avoid, without this acceptance compromising their sense of dignity as moral agents. The aims are intimately connected in that it is the philosophical research into MR which motivates and enables the didactic part of the project, and which thereby binds it together into an integrated whole. The investigation is conducted in health care because this context makes apparent the full range of contingencies in life that impose limits to the rational exercise of moral agency, and which thereby lock agents into diversified situations of MR. However, since MR is pervasive also outside of health care, we believe it will benefit other branches of applied ethics as well.

Keywords: acceptance,aporia,dialogue,didactics,disease,catharsis,comedy,error,fallibility,fear,diminished agency,impermissible emotions,laughter,moral agency,moral conflict,moral dilemma,normative ignoranc,pity,ridicule,shame,taboos,tragedy,transformative reading
Whole-organ 3D ultrasound micro-flow imaging: from basics physics to clinical proof-of-concept on cardiac and cerebral diseases (MicroflowLife)

Framework: Horizon Europe — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Prevention,  Diagnosis and T reatment of Human Diseases
Panel description: Medical technologies  and tools for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of human diseases, therapeutic approaches and interventions , pharmacology, preventative  medicine, epidemiology and public health , digital medicine
Countries involved: France
Call: ERC STARTING GRANTS (ERC-2021-STG, 2021)
Start date: 2022-09-01
End date: 2027-08-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1500000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1500000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

Blood circulation is essential to organs’ functions and occurs through a complex network of vessels with diameters varying from several millimetres for large arteries to only a few microns for small capillaries. Dysfunctions in the microcirculation are early markers of many diseases, which are however diagnosed at later stage, when observable symptoms become visible at larger scales. Mapping blood flows across several spatial scales at depth in organs is therefore crucial for early diagnosis and monitoring of diseases, but it remains a major challenge in clinical medical imaging. Our laboratory Physics for Medicine Paris has introduced in 2015 ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM), a non-invasive method to map and quantify blood flows at depth in organs down to a micron scale resolution, opening avenues for medical imaging. However, 2D ULM is highly operator-dependent because probe positioning is critical to view the appropriate cross-section. Imaging the whole-organ in 3D is therefore crucial for clinical practice, and for a comprehensive investigation of organ’s functions. Capturing large 3D volumes through the bones such as the skull or the rib cage is a further challenge in ultrasound imaging: acoustic energy losses due to reflection and distortion of ultrasound waves at the bone interface significantly reduce the imaging sensitivity. The objective of MicroflowLife is to develop ultrasensitive 3D ULM through bones for mapping the microcirculation of the whole-heart and the whole-brain. Our approach relies on the development of novel ultrasonic multi-lens probes, combined with new acquisition sequences and processing methods. Our technology and methods will be first validated in vitro and in vivo, and then translated clinically in first-in-human studies. Feasibility of cardiac and cerebral applications will be assessed in two morbid diseases associated with microcirculation alteration: coronary microvascular dysfunction and brain glioblastoma tumors.

Keywords: ultrasound,ultrasound localization microscopy,microangiography
Increasing Excellence in Utilizing X-ray Research and Neutron Scattering Techniques at the University of Tartu (EXANST)

Framework: Horizon Europe — Widening Participation and Strengthening the European Research Area
Programme: Widening participation and spreading excellence
Theme: Improved access to Excellence
Destination: Improved access to Excellence
Action type: Coordination and support actions
Panel: Physics
Countries involved: Estonia,Sweden,Germany,United Kingdom
Call: Twinning Bottom-Up (HORIZON-WIDERA-2023-ACCESS-02, 2023)
Start date: 2024-09-01
End date: 2027-08-31
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1299707.5
EU funding (EUR): 1299707.5
Participants: 4
Project status: SIGNED

University of Tartu (UTARTU) is the top research university in Estonia and the Baltic States. The twinning project EXANST, “Increasing Excellence in Utilizing X-ray Research and Neutron Scattering Techniques at the University of Tartu”, is concerned with further raising the research profile of UTARTU in the field of materials science, by enabling researchers from UTARTU to take full advantage of the best European facilities for materials’ characterization. In particular, the aim of this twinning project is to develop local expertise at UTARTU in the X-ray research techniques and neutron scattering techniques that are available at leading European synchrotrons and neutron facilities. Another aim of the project is to enhance expertise at UTARTU in the complementary computational methods that are used for materials’ modelling, and analyzing the data generated in X-ray and neutron experiments. In order to achieve these aims, UTARTU will team up with three advanced partners: MAX IV (Sweden), an advanced partner in synchrotron science, Forschungszentrum Jülich (FZJ, Germany), an advanced partner in neutron science, and Imperial College London (ICL, UK), an advanced partner in materials’ modelling. Besides the research-orientated endeavours, the advanced partners will also provide guidance to UTARTU on research management, strengthening co-operation between different institutes within UTARTU, and tackling gender and diversity issues. As part of the twinning project, UTARTU and the advanced partners will jointly carry out three pilot research projects concerned with (i) solid-electrolyte-interphases formed in energy storage devices based on ionic liquids, (ii) photoactive proteins that can serve as optical switches or tuneable fluorescence markers, and (iii) scintillator materials for radiation detection devices. The pilot projects will give researchers from UTARTU an opportunity to gain first-hand experience in specific X-ray and neutron methods and modelling techniques.

Keywords: x rays research neutron scattering,materials modelling,ionic liquids,solid electrolyte interphases,energy storage,photoactive proteins,fluorescence markers,biomaterials,ultrafast scintillators
GREgory of COrinth: A critical edition of the treatise On Dialects (GRECO)

Framework: Horizon Europe — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA)
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Postdoctoral Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Social Sciences and Humanities
Countries involved: Italy,United States
Call: MSCA Postdoctoral Fellowships 2022 (HORIZON-MSCA-2022-PF-01, 2022)
Start date: 2024-09-01
End date: 2027-08-31
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 265099.2
EU funding (EUR): 265099.2
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

The treatise "On Dialects" by Gregory Pardos, a twelfth-century archbishop of Corinth, is one of the most important witnesses to the study of the ancient Greek dialects in antiquity and the Middle Ages. The project aims to produce an edition of the text: the first edition since 1811, and the first altogether to be based on all the surviving manuscripts and to be informed by modern text-critical standards. The edition will be prefaced by an analysis of the relationship between the manuscripts; a study of Gregory's sources, his methods as a linguist and as a compiler of earlier linguistic scholarship, and his place in the intellectual context of twelfth-century Byzantium; and an exploration of the transmission and reception of the treatise through an investigation of the manuscripts which preserve it. The data on which the edition will be based – the readings of the manuscripts – will be made freely available in full in the form of an online multi-text edition accounting for the diversity of forms which the treatise takes in the various manuscripts. The project sits at the intersection of several fields: Classics, Byzantine studies, manuscript studies, editorial theory, digital humanities. Methodological advances in these disparate fields will come together in the service of this worthwhile, long-awaited aim. Once published, the edition will establish itself as the state-of-the-art; it will enable further research to be conducted on (among others) ancient dialectology, twelfth-century Byzantine intellectual networks, Classical reception, and debates about the Greek language; and it will serve as proof of concept for a large-scale online multi-text edition. The research will be supervised by Prof. Alexander Riehle, a scholar of Byzantine intellectual culture and editor of Byzantine texts, in Harvard, and Prof. Olga Tribulato, an expert in ancient Greek linguistics and the study of the Greek language in antiquity, in Venice.

Keywords: byzantine studies manuscript studies ancient greek linguistics
Precision Synthesis of High Entropy Chalcogenide Nanocrystals to Elucidate Growth Kinetics and Surface Properties for Energy Applications (PRECISE)

Framework: Horizon Europe — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA)
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Postdoctoral Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Chemistry
Countries involved: Ireland,Italy
Call: MSCA Postdoctoral Fellowships 2024 (HORIZON-MSCA-2024-PF-01, 2024)
Start date: 2025-04-01
End date: 2027-03-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 268568.64
EU funding (EUR): 268568.64
Participants: 2
Project status: SIGNED

As technology advances, traditional semiconductor materials and designs are approaching their physical and performance limitations. This underscores the urgent need for innovation of advanced materials that offer enhanced performance. The aim of the proposal is to design advanced high entropy metal chalcogenide (HECh) nanocrystals (NCs) via colloidal chemistry to elucidate their nucleation and growth mechanism by using real-time and post-synthetic characterization techniques. Specifically, high-throughput characterization will explore the bulk and surface properties, while computational modelling will predict structure, formation energy, and phase stability. These NCs will demonstrate high efficiency and robust stability in producing hydrogen energy through (photo)electrocatalysis. The originality of my proposal is to develop a scientific insight that will go beyond the state-of-the-art to establish colloidal chemistry as the ‘universal synthesis platform’ for the scalable production of HEChs NCs, thereby expanding HEChs compositional space and enabling rapid screening and data mining to accelerate the exploration of HEChs for transformative advancements. This, in turn, will impact next-generation energy production applications. The main training goal of the fellowship is to acquire experience in advanced material synthesis, high throughput characterization, and gain international experience. These results will be disseminated to the scientific community in the standard way (conferences, peer-reviewed journals, and patents) and to the public through magazine articles and science festivals. All materials used will meet the criteria of sustainability, affordability, and safety. This ambitious project will be conducted in two different research groups in Ireland and Italy. This prestigious fellowship will provide a platform of renowned subject experts, and exposure to international collaborators will provide a unique opportunity to grow as an independent researcher.

Keywords: high entropy metal chalcogenide,nanocrystals,semiconductors,structure property relationship
Unraveling the nature of fast radio bursts through a multifaceted look at their local environments (EnviroFlash)

Framework: Horizon Europe — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Universe Sciences
Panel description: Astro -physics/ -chemistry/ -biology; solar system; planetary systems; stellar, galactic and extragalactic astronomy; cosmology; space sciences; astronomical instrumentation and data
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call: ERC STARTING GRANTS (ERC-2025-STG, 2025)
Start date: 2026-02-01
End date: 2031-01-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2125000.0
EU funding (EUR): 2125000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are luminous impulses of radio waves, lasting only a fraction of a second, and observable over extragalactic distances. I have been a core member of the CHIME/FRB experiment that has revolutionized the field by having so far detected 5,000+ FRBs (~90% of all known FRBs), over fifty repeating FRB sources and an FRB from a previously known object: an extremely magnetized stellar remnant called a magnetar. I established observed differences in the “fingerprints” of bursts from repeating sources and apparent non-repeaters, which hints at the two classes coming from different source types and/or physical processes. I furthermore detected the lowest-frequency FRBs using the LOFAR telescope, which has opened a new observational window that is especially sensitive to interactions of FRBs with the material they have travelled through. In EnviroFlash, we will tackle three of the leading questions in the field: 1) Are there multiple distinct classes of FRBs coming from different source types and/or physical processes? 2) What is the structure and magnetization of the local environment of the compact objects that produce FRBs? 3) How does the activity of FRBs relate to other burst and source properties? The local environments of FRBs are the key to answering these questions. My team will capitalize on the “Outriggers” upgrade to CHIME/FRB and the 2.0 upgrade to LOFAR. With the much better localised sources and associated redshift (distance) measurements from Outriggers we can isolate the local contributions to dispersion, scattering and Faraday rotation and link them to the galactic neighbourhoods of FRBs. With LOFAR observations we can precisely monitor any local environment variations of nearby repeating sources and anchor detailed FRB models. In addition to directly addressing the open questions posed before, this project will make FRBs much more sensitive and precise probes of the density and magnetization of the Universe.

Keywords: fast radio bursts,radio astronomy
INTERMITTENT ANDROGEN DEPRIVATION THERAPY IN THE ERA OF ANDROGEN RECEPTOR PATHWAY INHIBITORS; A PHASE 3 PRAGMATIC RANDOMISED TRIAL (DE-ESCALATE)

Framework: Horizon Europe — Global Challenges and European Industrial Competitiveness
Programme: Mission
Theme: Cancer
Destination: Cancer
Action type: Research and Innovation actions
Countries involved: Belgium,Spain,Hungary,Ireland,France
Call: Pragmatic clinical trials to optimise treatments for patients with refractory cancers (HORIZON-MISS-2022-CANCER-01, 2022)
Start date: 2023-06-01
End date: 2028-05-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 7185663.75
EU funding (EUR): 7185663.0
Participants: 6
Project status: SIGNED

Prostate Cancer is the most common cancer in European men. Despite dramatic improvements in early diagnostic and local treatment, one out of five prostate cancer patients will die from their disease. Despite progress in the past years, it remains critical to improve on the present strategy for advanced and metastatic prostate cancer. Within the proposed project, we will evaluate whether intermittent intensified androgen deprivation treatment (iADT) in metastatic prostate cancer is not inferior to continuous treatment in terms of oncological benefit while minimizing side effects and resource utilization and improving patient quality of life. The proposed clinical trial is designed to detect early if iADT has a negative impact on overall survival compared to continuous therapy. If successful, the outcomes of the project will define a new evidence-based standard of care for metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer. The proposed research could lead to improved patient survival and quality of life but also improve health system sustainability. This is a multidisciplinary and multistakeholder consortium involving clinical oncologists, surgeons, health economists and patient representatives. The study design was successfully discussed with patients. This action is part of the Cancer Mission cluster of projects on ‘Diagnosis and treatment’.

Keywords: metastatic prostate cancer,quality of life,androgen therapy
Temporal Innovative Model for Imitative Network Generation: a framework to analyse temporal networks and generate surrogates (TIMING)

Framework: Horizon Europe — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA)
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Postdoctoral Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Physics
Countries involved: France
Call: MSCA Postdoctoral Fellowships 2022 (HORIZON-MSCA-2022-PF-01, 2022)
Start date: 2023-10-01
End date: 2025-01-31
Duration (months): 16.0
Total project cost (EUR): 130609.92
EU funding (EUR): 130609.92
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The TIMING project will develop a framework to analyse temporal networks and generate realistic surrogates. Observation of real-world temporal networks given as input will aim at grasping their intricate structure, resulting from temporal and topological causalities and correlations. I will devise a methodology to mimic these dynamics, using concepts of network science theory as guidelines. The generated synthetic networks will reproduce the fundamental features of the original topologies. This methodology will allow to obtain surrogate temporal networks to replace real data when the latter are not usable or sharable. This is particularly useful for social data, often subject to privacy issues. Moreover, since collected datasets are generally too small to observe interesting effects when simulating dynamical processes (a crucial problem, e.g., in computational epidemiology), it will serve as a tool for data augmentation. TIMING will in fact allow generating temporal networks with a higher number of nodes and a longer time span, based on original patterns extracted from smaller available datasets. TIMING will also provide the possibility to merge different original data, e.g., social interactions collected in different environments, providing a more realistic synthetic portrait of a society. Existing methods to generate realistic temporal graphs are scarce and are mainly based on blind reproduction of an original network, or they focus on specific theoretical aspects, while methods permitting an overall vision are missing. TIMING will fill this gap by combining an emulative algorithm with theoretical inductions, taking into account the mesoscale interplay between time and topology. I will develop the project in the team of Prof. Alain Barrat at CNRS (France), working at the intersection of multiple fields: physics of complex systems, network science, and statistical physics, establishing contacts with social scientists, epidemiologists and neuroscientists.

Keywords: network science,temporal networks,network generation,data augmentation,networks of interactions,epidemic modelling
Chiral superstructure of hydration water of short peptides and its effect on self-assembly (CRUSTY)

Framework: Horizon Europe — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA)
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Postdoctoral Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Chemistry
Countries involved: Germany
Call: MSCA Postdoctoral Fellowships 2024 (HORIZON-MSCA-2024-PF-01, 2024)
Start date: 2025-09-01
End date: 2027-08-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 217965.12
EU funding (EUR): 217965.12
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

Homochirality is one of the mysterious chemical benchmarks that is relevant to the origin of life. Biomacromolecules, constructed from the chiral building blocks, are mostly from exclusively either L- or D- structures, and the vast majority of the reactions in aqueous media are fine-tuned by chiral selectivity. However, although characterized by sum-frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy and other techniques, whether and how the chiral biomolecules affect their hydration shells, through which intermolecular forces of such molecules are transmitted, are far from clear. Yet, the effect of perturbing the homochirality of biomacromolecules on their self-assembly is thus ambiguous. Here, I propose to use surface-anchored chiral short peptide molecules with a well-defined primary structure as a model. The structure and dynamics of the hydration shell of this peptide will be studied by chiral heterodyne detected sum-frequency (HD-SFG) spectroscopy, a nonlinear optical technique that provides information on hydration shells and their chirality. Using the solid phase peptide synthesis technique, chiral inversion will be induced at the level of a single monomer, blocks, and mixture of enantiomers. The self-assembly of peptide molecules will be characterized by atomic force microscopy for their morphology and SFG for their secondary structure. By quantitively comparing the spectrum of enantiomers, the dipole orientation of hydration water and their HB-network relaxation will be characterized using the O-H stretching band, which reflects thermodynamics and kinetics properties. Furthermore, the chiral inversion effect on self-assembly will be measured in the peptide’s amide I band, which reflects their packing. These results will shed light on chiral-induced water superstructure and self-assembly modulation, which is crucial for understanding the biological enrichment of homochirality and for anticancer/antiviral agent design.

Keywords: chirality,hydration,sum frequency generation,peptide self assembly