Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Semantic mining of phenotype associations from the biomedical literature (PHENOMINER)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IIF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-11-01
End date: 2014-12-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 278807.4
EU funding (EUR): 278807.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Genetic dispositions play an important role in numerous diseases with high relevance to the general public such as Alzheimer's disease, diabetes and multiple sclerosis. Researchers have employed high throughput experiments to discover evidence for the causes and propose novel treatments and cures. This however has led to an explosion in the quantity of primary literature which again needs to be integrated into the discovery process either by increased human efforts or by IT solutions directly delivering the content into a public database. We consider that the phenotype data resources as well as the available text processing solutions are now mature enough to automatically mine the biomedical literature . PHENOMINER's major contribution will be to exploit state-of-the-art text processing solutions with existing ontological resources to collect fragmented biological results about the molecular mechanisms of heritable diseases and to integrate the data into a machine understandable semantic representation for sharing with the community in a public database. The new database will allow results to be immediately available to the bioinformatics community for integration with ongoing laboratory work.

Keywords: knowledge technology,text mining,biotechnology
Isoform-specific functions of NAD-synthesising enzyme NMNAT in compartmentalised neuronal death (NEURONAD)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-08-01
End date: 2014-07-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 270145.8
EU funding (EUR): 270145.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase (NMNAT) is the central enzyme in NAD biosynthetic pathways. Among the three known mammalian isozymes, nuclear NMNAT1 generates NAD which is used as substrate for the enzymes SIRT1 and PARP1, involved in transcription control and DNA damage repair and associated to cell death and senescence. Various data suggest that NMNAT1 could be neuroprotective: SIRT1 activation or overexpression confers neuroprotection in various models of neurodegenerative diseases; PARP1 mild activation is neuroprotective; finally, the overexpression of NAMPT, an enzyme producing an NMNAT substrate, also confers neuroprotection. However, NMNAT1 requirement for neuron maintenance has not yet been directly demonstrated. NMNAT2 instead, located prevalently in the cytoplasm in association with the Golgi apparatus, acts as a survival factor for axons and synapses, which degenerate when NMNAT2 is rapidly degraded after an injury. NMNAT enzyme activity is necessary for axon protection, but the mechanism involved is still unclear. These data led us to the hypothesis that NMNAT activity is required for the survival of distinct neuronal compartments and that the two isoforms NMNAT1 and NMNAT2 locally provide for this activity in the cell nucleus and in the axon, respectively. This project will combine the enzymology skills of the IEF applicant with the neurobiology and molecular genetics expertise of the host laboratory to test this hypothesis by generating a neuron-specific conditional knockout (KO) mouse for NMNAT1 using the Cre-loxP system and by studying the mechanism of NMNAT2-mediated neuroprotection in primary neurons. Our results will identify NMNAT enzymes as targets for pharmacological intervention in neurodegeneration. This study will be achieved by the mobility of the IEF fellow, who will acquire as a result a combination of disciplines and techniques key to his career development as an independent scientist.

Keywords: neuron,axon,neurodegeneration,nad,nmn,cre-loxp knockout,nmnat,parp1,sirt1,nampt
THE ROLE OF TRADITIONAL VOCAL STYLES IN RESHAPING CULTURAL IDENTITIES RELATED TO AFRICAN DIASPORAS IN AMERICA AND EUROPE (ROTVOSCIAME)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Italy
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IOF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-07-01
End date: 2015-06-30
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 264639.6
EU funding (EUR): 264639.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The voice, especially the singing voice, is a vehicle of a complex variety of messages. Not all these messages are related to the languages itself, many of them relay a more articulated heritage. In particular, vocal styles developed within the boundaries of African Diasporas go back to the African origin and African vocal traditions. So that, the singing voice could be considered as the place where the connection still exists and is operating (Zumthor). Nevertheless, the connection – as well as the vocal styles themselves – is evolving by passing through new contexts, new social relationships, new forms of religion, new technologies, etc. The effort of vocal performers and composers is both to overcome voice's limits and to go back to ancient vocal techniques. Research will focus on how much performances of contemporary African-American vocal styles – from different musical genres – influence (and express) the reshaping of a new cultural identity. The project will deal at the same time with musicians of a more recent African Diaspora in Europe, where new cultural identities are evolving. Archives will be investigated in order to trace the history of the development of African related vocal styles in the African-American culture. However, a fundamental source will be interviewing professional musicians. During the return phase, professional musicians with African origins who are operating in Italy nowadays will be interviewed. Besides, the contemporary philosophical approach (such as the pioneer study of Adriana Cavarero on social and political function of the voices) will be used, as well as linguistic analyses, in order to enlighten the role of vocal styles in negotiating cultural identities. In addition to academic outcomes, research will implement a map of the performed vocal styles to be showed in a specific website. Furthermore, a documentary, focusing on African-American and African-European vocal styles, will be released.

Keywords: vocal music,philosophical anthropology,ethnomusicology,jazz music,social changes,social anthropology,vocal training
Genetic Analysis of Temperature Sensation and Nociception in Caenorhabditis elegans (GATSNCE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG, 2011)
Start date: 2012-02-01
End date: 2014-02-28
Duration (months): 25.0
Total project cost (EUR): 52083.33
EU funding (EUR): 52083.33
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Pain is a major medical concern and there is an undeniable need to improve the therapeutic options in pain management. In this project, a simple model organism is used to identify and characterize new potential drug targets. Nociception is defined as the neural processes of encoding and processing noxious stimuli triggering pain. Nociception and temperature sensation are related processes. The general goal of this research project is to shed new light on their molecular and neural basis, by using the small nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. This model organism presents several advantages, including the availability of a complete nervous system wiring diagram, efficient genetic techniques, and a stereotyped avoidance behaviour in response to noxious heat, providing a simple readout of thermal nociception. Recent work by the applicant has demonstrated the suitability of this model. New assays were developed to quantify the heat avoidance behaviour and a pilot mutagenesis screen led to the identification of several genes, which mutation impairs noxious heat avoidance. The specific goals pursued in the present project are: 1) to characterize the interplay between the recently discovered “heat avoidance” genes 2) to identify more genes required for heat avoidance, by scaling up the genetic screen 3) to identify the neurons involved, by using cell-specific gene rescue in mutants and by neuronal ablation 4) to understand the logic of the neural circuit involved by expressing light-activated channels enabling an on-demand artificial neural activation Because thermal nociception mechanisms appear to be at least partially conserved between worms and humans, characterizing the genetic and neural pathways involved will provide novel insights on potential therapeutic target for pain management.

Keywords: biology,neuroscience,neurobiology,genetics,behavioural biology,pain,heat,thermosensation,c.elegans,optogenetics,genetic screen,neurons
A Psycholinguistic Investigation of Irish Orthography and Reading (IRISH ORTHOGRAPHY)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Ireland
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IIF, 2011)
Start date: 2013-01-14
End date: 2015-01-13
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 266722.6
EU funding (EUR): 266722.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

A major issue for language learners at all levels is the development of literacy skills. Although Irish, the first official language of the Irish Republic, uses the same alphabetic system as English, the very distinct conventions for phoneme-grapheme (sound-symbol) correspondences in the two languages have been shown to present major challenges for English-speaking learners of Irish. Children in Irish schools, acquiring literacy in two languages at once, show significantly greater difficulty learning to read Irish than English. Adult learners already literate in English struggle with Irish orthography and tend to give English values to the spellings, resulting in persistent pronunciation difficulties. The proposed collaborative research between a linguist (the applicant) and a psychologist (her Irish colleague) has the aims of: i. Developing a clearer understanding of the problems that learners face in acquiring Irish reading skills, and ii. Producing a psychologically and linguistically sound analysis of Irish orthography, for use in promoting interdisciplinary scientific discourse on more effective approaches to teaching reading.

Keywords: phonology,orthography,psycholinguistics,language education,reading
Attosecond Electron Processes in Solids (ATTOTRON)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IOF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-10-01
End date: 2015-03-31
Duration (months): 30.0
Total project cost (EUR): 212513.55
EU funding (EUR): 212513.55
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Electronic population transfer in solids constitutes the core of modern silicon based technology and is thus the cornerstone of machine intelligence and communication technology. Since the discovery of the semiconductor’s ability to rectify electric currents in 1874 the quest for a general understanding of the micro- and macroscopic behavior of electricity has driven efforts in basic science and industry. Solid materials and their physical properties are the result of a given structural and electronic configuration that both are dictated by the collective interplay between a number of individual particles. Experimentally, structure information is routinely achieved by a variety of diffraction technologies. In contrast to that, the temporal characteristics of electronic processes are subject to speculations since their evolution acts out in attoseconds (10^-18 s), the natural timescale of electronic mechanisms and way beyond the temporal resolution of established techniques. In the past decade attosecond physics had an impressive impact on basic research and demonstrated its potential to time resolve electron dynamics in a variety of target systems. So far, investigations have been carried out in atoms, molecules and on the surface of solid samples and the results that have been achieved owing to the unprecedented temporal resolution have triggered extensive theoretical efforts to extend the predictive value of the current models for light-matter interaction and intra-atomic electron dynamics. The proposed project will apply the tools of attosecond metrology developed in the past years to electronic processes inside solids thus opening a completely new field of science. The proposed efforts set out to investigate electron dynamics unfolding in the inner of bulk material with attosecond resolution and will link techniques and competencies developed at the forefront of ultrafast science to an inestimable number of questions with significant technological relevance.

Keywords: experimental physics,electronic,magnetic and superconductive properties,physics of semiconductors,solid state physics,applied optics,physical sciences
Queer-Arab-French: Sexuality, Islam and Citizenship in France (QAF)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IIF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-09-01
End date: 2013-08-31
Duration (months): 12.0
Total project cost (EUR): 139403.7
EU funding (EUR): 139403.7
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

How do North African (Maghrebi) men and Maghrebi-French men negotiate and understand same-sex desire when living in a French urban context? Does the ethnic North African, who pursues erotic same-sex relationships in France, identify himself as ‘gay’ or ‘homosexual’? During the Fellowship, my broad goal is to address these questions through the completion of a monograph, titled Queer-Arab-French: Sexuality, Islam, and Citizenship in France. It consists of an ethnographic study of same-sex sexualities, which is based on interviews with Maghrebi and Maghrebi-French homosexual males in major urban centres in France. I will work with specialists in French studies, linguistics and Communication Studies at Nottingham Trent University (NTU) to analyze how every-day speech and urban space influence Maghrebi-French understandings of sexuality and citizenship. My project will demonstrate how Maghrebi and Maghrebi-French men may explain their sexuality in terms of a modern ‘coming out’ narrative, documented in the recent scholarship on French homosexuality. Nevertheless, North African sexual minorities are able to negotiate cultural hybridity, interculturality, and ‘belonging’ in a ‘third space’ that combines elements from traditional and modern discourses such as family, honour, face-saving, the symbolic order of gender differences, as well as the western constructs of individualism and sexual autonomy. These men also address broader public policy debates on Islam, Islamaphobia, and homophobia. My project aims to create a new critical framework for examining Muslim sexual minorities and to inform the work of academics in a variety of disciplines, as well as that of activists, politicians and healthcare workers. Since the staff and students I would work with at NTU investigate related research questions, the potential exists to expand these findings and bring new knowledge about immigration, citizenship, sexual health, and human rights discourses to the UK and the EU.

Keywords: cultural studies,french studies,sociolinguistics,anthropology,gender and women's studies,north-african studies
GNSS Signal-in-Space Integrity Assurance (GSINTA)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Belgium
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF, 2011)
Start date: 2013-04-01
End date: 2015-03-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 177000.0
EU funding (EUR): 177000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

GSINTA - GNSS Signal-in-Space (SiS) Integrity Assurance project is addressing the underestimated and hazardous effects of external EM interference signals on GNSS SiS integrity, in safety critical air navigation applications. The project timely supports safety assessment considerations during actual global transition to GNSS as a primary mean of airspace navigation. The objectives of the research project proposed, focused on active mitigation of interference effects on GNSS SiS integrity, presents innovative approach in the field where similar researches do not exist at the moment. Continuous airborne monitoring of GNSS SiS and detection of interference signals, continuous calculation of SiS integrity with regard to external interference signals and their isolation from solution during critical phases of airspace navigation applications, as concept do not exist at the moment. Scientific contribution is considered to be in development of the new navigation algorithms and their fully operational validation in critical airspace navigation applications, with prospect to be used in other Safety of Life (SoL) applications. Scientific and technological reasons for carrying out such research in the field, is absence of well established methodology for in flight SiS integrity calculation with regard to external interference signals and generic approach of interference mitigation for all GNSS in use over European area. Supporting basis for the research proposed are recent findings of the ground based interference measurements (opposed to the airborne one proposed), conducted by one of the European entities in the field, which have revealed the GNSS SiS vulnerability higher than predisted in airspace navigation applications, placing it in its reports as critical to the safety of navigation and plans for airborne system developmet are announced.

Keywords: technological sciences
Quantum Teleportation of Remote Solid-state Spins (QTORSS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-03-01
End date: 2014-02-28
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 183805.8
EU funding (EUR): 183805.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Quantum information processing is a key future technology. Algorithms based on quantum information have been proven to offer superior communication security and the ability to solve classes of computational problems that are not accessible to current classical information technology. Quantum entanglement and quantum measurements are two fundamental resources in quantum information. When combined, they enable one of the most dramatic applications of quantum mechanics: the teleportation of a quantum state between two remote systems. Solid-state systems promise a scalable implementation of quantum information technologies, but experiments aiming at long-range coupling of solid-state quantum registers are still in their infancy. Here we propose a set of ambitious experiments to demonstrate the long-range teleportation of solid-state quantum bits. We will entangle the electron spins of two remote Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) centers in diamond by combining spin-photon entanglement and two-photon interference, and will subsequently demonstrate the teleportation of a nuclear spin state between two NV centers through quantum measurement and local qubit operations. This proposed first demonstration of teleportation with solid-state quantum bits will constitute a significant advancement in quantum information processing, and makes an important step towards the realization of quantum repeaters and quantum networks. The proposed experiments use advanced techniques from electron and nuclear magnetic resonance, single-molecule spectroscopy and quantum optics. This multidisciplinary research provides an excellent opportunity for the applicant to further strengthen and diversify his research expertise. Together with the extensive training in complementary skills provided by the host group, this fellowship will allow the applicant to reach professional maturity and be fully prepared for starting his own independent line of research.

Keywords: quantum mechanics,magnetic resonance,solid state physics,nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond,quantum information,quantum teleportation
HIV and dendritic cells: the immunologycal and virological roles of SamHD1 (HIV INNATE IMMUNITY)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-05-14
End date: 2014-05-13
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 193594.8
EU funding (EUR): 193594.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Dendritic cells (DC) are the front-line of virus detection and trigger the response of the innate and adaptive immune system. DCs "patrol" in the body and seek pathogens such as viruses. When they catch viruses, they initiate immune responses primarily in lymph nodes and lymphoid tissue. DCs acquire a mature phenotype while they migrate towards the lymphoid tissues in order to process and present the antigens derived from viruses. They also produce various cytokines and chemokines, substances with pro-inflammatory properties. Antigen presentation by DCs can activate the immune system by inducing specific CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes responses, responsible for destroying the virus. DCs are relatively resistant to infection by HIV. A cell antiviral factor named SAMHD1, was recently identified as protecting DCs and macrophages from productive infection by HIV-1. We want to characterize the SAMHD1 mechanism of action, how and why it protects DCs from HIV infection. HIV infection is mainly achieved by the formation of cellular contact between infected cells and target cells, thus we aim to examine the role of SAMHD1 during these contacts. We will also study the role of SAMHD1 in the induction of the immune response against HIV. This project is in collaboration with the team of Monsef Benkirane, which has recently identified the protein SamHD1, and the team of Yves Levy. We expect to unmask how HIV has evolved to escape from the immune response; a relevant issue to better understand why nowadays treatments have failed to completely eradicate the virus.

Keywords: samhd1,dendritic cells,innate response