Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Amsterdam-ASTRON Radio Transient Facility And Analysis Centre: Probing the Extremes of Astrophysics (AARTFAAC)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Universe sciences
Countries involved: Netherlands,Netherlands
Call:  (ERC-2009-AdG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-10-01
End date: 2016-09-30
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 3499127.84
EU funding (EUR): 3499127.84
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

Some of the most extreme tests of physical law come from its manifestations in the behaviour of black holes and neutron stars, and as such these objects should be used as fundamental physics labs. Due to advances in both theoretical work and observational techniques, I have a major opportunity now to significantly push this agenda forward and get better answers to questions like: How are black holes born? How can energy be extracted from black holes? What is the origin of magnetic fields and cosmic rays in jets and shocks? Is their primary energy stream hadronic or magnetic? I propose to do this by exploiting the advent of wide-field radio astronomy: extreme objects are very rare and usually transient, so not only must one survey large areas of sky, but also must one do this often. I propose to form and shape a group that will use the LOFAR wide-field radio telescope to hunt for these extreme transients and systematically collect enough well-documented examples of the behaviour of each type of transient. Furthermore, I propose to expand LOFAR with a true 24/7 all-sky monitor to catch and study even the rarest of events. Next, I will use my experience in gamma-ray burst followup to conduct a vigorous multi-wavelength programme of study of these objects, to constrain their physics from as many angles as possible. This will eventually include results from multi-messenger astrophysics, in which we use neutrinos, gravity waves, and other non-electromagnetic messengers as extra diagnostics of the physics of these sources. Finally, I will build on my experience in modelling accretion phenomena and relativistic explosions to develop a theoretical framework for these phenomena and constrain the resulting models with the rich data sets we obtain.

Keywords: sky monitoring and surveys transient sources
Magnetostrophic Flow in Experiments and the Core of the Earth (MFECE)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Earth system science
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call:  (ERC-2009-AdG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-05-01
End date: 2016-04-30
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 3116900.0
EU funding (EUR): 3116900.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

We describe here an innovative strategy for understanding the so-called magnetostrophic regime of fluid flow in the Earth s core, and thus the mechanisms by which the Earth s magnetic field is sustained over time. The magnetostrophic regime is the state in which Lorentz (magnetic) forces are balanced by Coriolis (rotational) forces and pressure gradients and is thought to be the zeroth order force balance in the core. We propose a series of ground-breaking experiments using liquid sodium contained in a rapidly rotating sphere containing a differentially rotating solid inner sphere. For the first time electric current is injected into the fluid in different configurations in order that the Lorentz force is everywhere significant. Various other magnetic fields can be applied from the exterior and the interior. The influence of turbulence, viscous and magnetic boundary layers will be examined. The presence of instabilities and wave motion will be studied, and the existence of steady solutions will be naturally determined. Diagnostic measurements of magnetic fields and electrical potentials, and Doppler velocimetry will characterise the experiment. These unique experiments are backed by numerical calculations. Complementary studies will analyse the observed magnetic field over the last 400 years in the same magnetostrophic framework. An inverse method will be developed to find the initial state of the field that evolves in a manner compatible with observations. This will elucidate the interior structure of the magnetic field for the first time, determining the amplitude and morphology of the field. The importance of magnetic diffusion (Joule heating) will arise naturally, and fluid motion in the entire core will be found, allowing comparison with geodetic observations.

Keywords: geophysical fluid dynamics,core magnetic field
Synthetic Quantum Many-Body Systems (SQMS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Fundamental constituents of matter
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call:  (ERC-2009-AdG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-03-01
End date: 2015-02-28
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2000000.0
EU funding (EUR): 2000000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This proposal shows a new path to explore frontiers in quantum many-body physics using degenerate atomic gases. We will address fundamental open questions, create novel quantum-many body systems and seek applications beyond the realm of quantum gases. A two-component Fermi gas in an optical lattice is a unique realisation of the Fermi-Hubbard model and it is intimately linked to elementary concepts and open questions in many-body physics. We will develop novel tools for continuous cooling and detection of fermionic atoms in optical lattices. This will enable us to enter the anti-ferromagnetic phase and to study fundamental questions concerning the interplay between localization, coherence and spin-ordering in quantum many-body systems. An intriguing direction towards the creation of novel quantum many-body systems is the coupling of a strongly correlated quantum gas to an optical cavity. Here the cavity creates an effective long-range interaction with global character. This will bring together the physics of strongly-correlated systems and non-linear phenomena using a microscopically accessible system. In this highly explorative field we envisage, as a first experiment, a study of cavity-driven self-organization which may allow us to identify a novel form of a supersolid phase. Rather than investigating or manipulating the quantum gas using light we will also invert this approach and study the light after the interaction with a quantum gas inside a cavity. Using cavity opto-mechanical effects and a van der-Waals blockade by Rydberg atoms excited inside the cavity we will explore squeezing of the light and a novel photon blockade.

Keywords: quantum gases,optical lattices,cavity qed
Micro/Nano Exploration, Manipulation and Assembly: Telehaptics and Virtual Reality System Development and Investigation of Biomechanics and Neuroscience of Touch (MICRONANOTELEHAPTICS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Systems and communication engineering
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2009-AdG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-12-01
End date: 2016-11-30
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 3264188.0
EU funding (EUR): 3264188.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The primary objective of the proposed project is to develop robot mediated human interface technologies to manually explore, manipulate and assemble progressively smaller objects ranging from micro- to nano-meter scales and a secondary objective is to demonstrate the power of the interface system in the investigation of the fundamental mechanics and neural mechanisms of touch. The proposed system will consist of a master-slave robotic teleoperation (TO) subsystem and a virtual reality (VR) subsystem. The master robot will enable the user to touch, feel and manipulate (1) real micro/nano structures through the slave robot or (2) computer models of micro/nano structures in the virtual reality environment. Specific aims of this effort are as follows: (1) design and develop a custom master system to enable the user to have real-time visual, auditory, and bimanual haptic interactions; (2) design and develop a slave system consisting of microscopes and manipulators progressively augmented to enable micro to nano-precision movements and forces; (3) develop modular software architecture with device abstraction to support multiple master and slave devices; (4) integrate virtual reality software to enable the user to have real-time visual, auditory, and bimanual interactions with virtual models at micro- to nano-meter scales based on empirical data or to test hypotheses; (5) use the system to perform biomechanics and neurophysiology experiments at progressively micro- to nano-precision movements and forces; (6) develop mathematical models of mechanotransduction for quantitative understanding of touch mechanisms at multiple scales.

Keywords: haptic interfaces,teleoperation,c. elegans,mechanoreceptors,mechanotransduction
From Attosecond Magnetism towards Ultrafast Spin Photonics (ATOMAG)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Condensed matter physics
Countries involved: France
Call:  (ERC-2009-AdG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-05-01
End date: 2015-04-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2492561.0
EU funding (EUR): 2492561.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

We propose to investigate a new frontier in Physics: the study of Magnetic systems using attosecond laser pulses. The main disciplines concerned are: Ultrafast laser sciences, Magnetism and Spin-Photonics, Relativistic Quantum Electrodynamics. Three issues of modern magnetism are addressed. 1. How fast can one modify and control the magnetization of a magnetic system ? 2. What is the role and essence of the coherent interaction between light and spins ? 3. How far spin-photonics can bring us to the real world of data acquisition and storage ? - We want first to provide solid ground experiments, unravelling the mechanisms involved in the demagnetization induced by laser pulses in a variety of magnetic materials (ferromagnetic nanostructures, aggregates and molecular magnets). We will explore the ultrafast magnetization dynamics of magnets using an attosecond laser source. - Second we want to explore how the photon field interacts with the spins. We will investigate the dynamical regime when the potential of the atoms is dressed by the Coulomb potential induced by the laser field. A strong support from the relativistic Quantum Electro-Dynamics is necessary towards that goal. - Third, even though our general approach is fundamental, we want to provide a benchmark of what is realistically possible in ultrafast spin-photonics, breaking the conventional thought that spin photonics is hard to implement at the application level. We will realize ultimate devices combining magneto-optical microscopy with the conventional magnetic recording. This new field will raise the interest of a number of competitive laboratories at the international level. Due to the overlapping disciplines the project also carries a large amount of educational impact both fundamental and applied.

Keywords: ultrafast phenomena,ultrashort laser pulses,magnetization dynamics,quantum electrodynamics,light matter interaction,spin photonics
Matrix Macromolecules in inflammation (INFLAMA)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Research Staff Exchange Scheme
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Italy,Germany
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IRSES, 2009)
Start date: 2011-12-01
End date: 2014-11-30
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 183600.0
EU funding (EUR): 151200.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

An emerging aspect of biotechnology is the role that carbohydrates play in various aspect of biology. Even if a large mass of knowledge is available of different macromolecules including proteins and nucleic acids, the same knowledge of the carbohydrates is not present at the moment. Over the last years the technical achievements in protein and nucleic acid research allowed exceptional results. This extraordinary development induced the scientific community to introduce new definitions: proteomics and genomics. In similar way, the increasing body of evidence supporting the importance of carbohydrates in multiple aspects of biology, the scientific community suggested to introduce a new term for the technologies necessary in carbohydrate studies: the glucomic. Here we are proposing to support the exchange of researchers involved in a network of 4 laboratories which started over the last years collaborations in research and teaching and in particular in the role of matrix macromolecules (hyaluronan and proteoglycans) in inflammation. This network may play an important role because the laboratories involved possess particular expertise in glucomics. In particular this “gluco-net” is composed by 4 different laboratories leaded by scientists involved in PhD programs as well as in several project grants as PI. The problem raised by this new interest in carbohydrates is the development of the specific technology necessary for the studies of these molecules. In fact the carbohydrate chemistry is remarkable complex and requires technicians with an elevated level of specialization and this is extremely uncommon in the laboratories. The aim of this proposal is therefore the preparation of very qualified gluco-biotechnologists and scientists in glucomics, able to address the studies and the analysis of carbohydrates in the academic research or in the development of new molecules of industrial interest and to support more interaction between the proponents.

Keywords: health sciences
Exploring nanoscale motion and molecular alignment using ultrafast coherent diffraction (X-MOTION)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Research Staff Exchange Scheme
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France,Germany
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IRSES, 2009)
Start date: 2011-01-01
End date: 2014-12-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 270000.0
EU funding (EUR): 270000.0
Participants: 3
Project status: CLOSED

Single particle imaging requires that identical objects would be successively exposed to powerful coherent X-ray pulses, and diffraction `snapshots&apos; collected at unknown object orientations. However determining the orientations of the individual low-signal diffraction patterns and hence reconstructing the diffraction volume require much more signal than available. To circumvent the difficulty, we propose in X-Motion to orient a single molecule or nanoparticle to improve the diffracted signal and to achieve a 3-D reconstruction. Azobenzene derived polymers (AZOs) motion could be used to align the system. Practically, the isomerization of an azobenzene chromophore induces a large molecular length change that is well suited to power and actuate nanoscale or molecular motions. Our project proposes to use AZOs properties to manipulate and align other systems like single nanorods or isolated molecules (proteins for example). We will use ultrafast coherent X-ray diffraction in a pump-probe scheme to follow in real time the isomerization induced alignment. X-Motion network will gather experimentalists and theoreticians from France, Germany, and the United States, all interested in imaging individual particles and molecules using state of the art soft and hard X-ray coherent sources. The partners have competency in ultrafast coherent imaging, nanoscale fabrication, chemistry (polymers, femtochemistry, aerosols), X-ray spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. This synergy between these domains is essential to address the issue of single particle alignment and imaging. X-Motion will involve FLASH soft X-ray free electron laser facility in Hamburg (Germany), LCLS at Stanford (USA), 3rd generation ALS synchrotron at Berkeley (USA) and table-top ultrafast laser harmonic in CEA Saclay near Paris (France). This will give access to a wide range of photon energies and pulse duration.

Keywords: physical sciences,applied optics,experimental physics,molecular biophysics
Transfection Ability and Intracellular Pathway of LbL Nanostructured siRNA Delivery Systems. (NANOSIRNA)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Research Staff Exchange Scheme
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Italy,Germany
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IRSES, 2009)
Start date: 2011-01-02
End date: 2014-01-01
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 48600.0
EU funding (EUR): 48600.0
Participants: 3
Project status: CLOSED

The scientific objective of the research carried out in this International Research Staff Exchange Scheme, is the development of a new technology to effectively deliver siRNA to cancer cells by the embedding of a polyplex into the multilayers and multifunctional nanocapsules. We propose to target pro-survival and anti-apoptotic factors in human cancer cells by using siRNA encapsulated into polyelectrolytes nanocapsules.When siRNAs are formulated into degradable polymer nanocapsules they may be protected from nuclease digestion and last longer than naked siRNAs improving their efficacy and therapeutical properties. These capsules will be prepared by the LbL deposition of interacting polymers onto a sacrificial porous colloidal template followed by core removal. Nanoengineered micro-nanocapsules composed of sequentially assembled polymer layers hold immense promise for a variety of biomedical applications. Furthermore the optimization of intracellular pathway of nanostructures may likely be a key for the development of effective nanoparticles based targeted therapeutics. As the challenge of siRNA delivery by nanocapsules is met, it will be possible to advance RNAi therapeutics rapidly into clinical studies for many diseases, including some which remain untreatable or poorly treated by conventional drugs.

Keywords: anticancer therapy,gene therapy,biomedical engineering,biomaterial engineering
Perceptual, Contextual, and Cross-modal Learning in Hearing and Vision (LEARN 2 HEAR & SEE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Research Staff Exchange Scheme
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Slovakia,United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IRSES, 2009)
Start date: 2010-05-01
End date: 2013-10-31
Duration (months): 42.0
Total project cost (EUR): 162000.0
EU funding (EUR): 151200.0
Participants: 3
Project status: CLOSED

Humans and other living organisms are constantly exposed to new stimuli and environments. In order to correctly respond in such situations, they must recalibrate their perceptual processing in new environments and learn to recognize new stimuli and situations. The current project proposes to use behavioral experiments, brain imaging, and computational modeling to study the processes of learning and calibration in 1) auditory distance perception in human listeners and 2) visual spatial perception. A series of behavioral experiments will study 1) how human listeners recalibrate their auditory processing in order to correctly perceive distance of sound sources, how they consolidate and memorize the new calibrations, and how is vision used in the calibration process, and 2) the relationship between perceptual and contextual learning. Imaging studies will analyze the brain areas important for auditory distance perception and the time course of learning and calibration, as well as the structures influenced by perceptual and contextual learning. Finally, models of 1) auditory distance perception and of 2) perceptual and congtextual learning will be proposed with stress on the mechanisms of learning and calibration. These results are important, e.g., for development of new prosthetic devices and new virtual reality technologies. An important goal of the proposal is to obtain new knowledge and skills related to studying human perceptual processes. Skills to perform sensory learning research, visual psychophysics using eye-tracking, noninvasive brain imaging (EEG and fMRI), and computational modeling will be exchanged during the stays. The skills will help in development of computation and cognitive neuroscience in new EU member countries (Slovakia), as well as in strenghtening the ERA (collaboration between Slovakia and the UK). Finally, this proposal will establish a new long-term collaboration between EU and US researchers.

Keywords: human perception,vision,hearing,learning,distance perception,visual calibration,consolidation and disruption of learning,behavioural experiments,brain imaging,computational modeling
Knowledge and Expertise Exchange Europe - New Zealand (KEEENZ)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Research Staff Exchange Scheme
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom,United Kingdom,Slovenia,Sweden
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IRSES, 2009)
Start date: 2010-10-01
End date: 2015-09-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 366128.0
EU funding (EUR): 176400.0
Participants: 4
Project status: CLOSED

Building on a strong European Union Centres Network in New Zealand, based on the NCRE (Canterbury), this project seeks to extend and develop knowledge and expertise networks with partner institutions in the EU, focusing on three main themes: • EU Global Impact in Trade, Agriculture, Finance and Environment • The EU as an Exporter of Norms and values • Third country vision of the EU as a Global Authority The choice of themes emphasises the need to develop multidisciplinary and multi-cultural frameworks and approaches, and the critical importance of extended exchanges between active and experienced researchers from opposite sides of the world, both physically and intellectually. The ultimate aims are: to generate wider and deeper understandings of the state of the world; to develop approachs and methods capable of spanning the current physical and intellectual divides; to use these developments to expand our capacities to meet future and critical challenges facing the world.

Keywords: european union studies,external relations,public diplomacy,agricultural economics,environmental economics,trade and finance,governance,policy studies,norms and values,external perceptions