Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Do cortical feedback connections store statistical knowledge of the environment? (INTEREP)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Life Sciences
Countries involved: Portugal
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2017, 2017)
Start date: 2018-03-01
End date: 2020-02-29
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 148635.6
EU funding (EUR): 148635.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Perception is shaped both by sensory information and internal variables. Our brain uses regularities of environmental factors to make predictions, and combines them with sensory stimuli to form percepts. However, where and how the statistical knowledge of the environment is stored and learned remains unexplored. Visual perception arises from a set of hierarchically-organized cortical areas, with abundant feedback connections from higher to lower areas. In this proposal, I will test if knowledge of the world is stored in the connectional specificity of feedback projections. I hypothesize that the tuning-specific wiring pattern of feedback projections terminating in mouse primary visual cortex (V1) reflects spatiotemporal statistics of the visual environment. To do so, I will first assess the role of sensory experience in feedback wiring. I will visually-deprive mice or raise them in artificial environments with altered visual statistics. Using a novel combination of dual-color optical recordings, I will measure how connectional specificity of functionally characterized feedback axons in V1 relates to the animal’s visual experience. I will also determine if spatiotemporal patterns of neuronal activity are sufficient for establishing the wiring organization. Shedding light on the enigmatic role of feedback connections will also provide a mechanistic description of how internal factors shape perception. The specific deficits in feedback function could have a potential bearing on behavioral disorders like schizophrenia in which patients manifest a difficulty in learning and representing behaviorally relevant percepts when the selection of relevant information is determined by prior knowledge. Thus, this work will not only be imperative for a better understanding of how prior knowledge influence perception, but also for getting a deeper insight into brain disorders.

Keywords: feedback connexions,optogenetics,in vivo calcium imaging,circuits
Federating IoT and cloud infrastructures to provide scalable and interoperable Smart Cities applications, by introducing novel IoT virtualization technologies (Fed4IoT)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Industrial Leadership
Programme: Information and Communication Technologies
Action type: Research and Innovation actions
Countries involved: Germany,Spain,Italy,France
Call: Advanced technologies (Security/Cloud/IoT/BigData) for a hyper-connected society in the context of Smart City (H2020-EUJ-2018, 2018)
Start date: 2018-07-01
End date: 2021-09-30
Duration (months): 39.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1499378.75
EU funding (EUR): 1499378.75
Participants: 4
Project status: CLOSED

Smart city applications require pervasive and large-scale infrastructures, which include heterogeneous IoT devices and distributed information systems, thus posing interoperability and cost challenges. Interoperable solutions, exploiting fog/edge/cloud computing resources, are fundamental for fair competition, especially in public procurements, while costs savings are necessary to speed up the smart city innovation pace, by enabling more stakeholders to easily enter the market, especially SMEs. The Fed4IoT project faces the interoperability issue, focusing on large scale environments and addressing the problem at different and synergic levels: device, platform and information. The goal of the project is “Federating IoT and Cloud Infrastructures to Provide Scalable and Interoperable Smart Cities Applications by introducing novel IoT virtualization technologies” and will be pursued through the following steps: 1) select/integrate/improve existing IoT and cloud platforms, including oneM2M, FIWARE and 5G ETSI MEC, so as to establish a reference interoperability solution; 2) use such reference solution to build up a pool of federated IoT and fog/edge/cloud resources; 3) design novel device-level IoT virtualization technologies to create "IoT slices" formed by virtual IoT devices and computing resources, exploiting the federated resource pool; 4) support orchestration and programmability for optimal IoT virtual function deployment and Big Data processing; 5) integrate information coming from different IoT domains and other city sources; 6) integrate the system components. The project solutions will be technically validated by implementing four specific smart city applications, based on a federated EU/JP platform, deployed in real life systems in two EU and two JP cities. The Fed4IoT consortium will also actively support standardization activities (ETSI, oneM2M, ITU, ISO, etc.) and EU/JP initiatives (e.g., AIOTI and ITAC), where consortium members are already involved.

Keywords: interoperability,cloud computing,smart city,virtualization,standardization
XMM-Newton : a pathfinder for future multi-wavelength and multi-messenger observations with Athena (XMM2ATHENA)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Industrial Leadership
Programme: Space
Theme: Enabling exploitation of space data
Action type: Research and Innovation actions
Countries involved: Spain,Germany,Germany,Spain,Greece,France,France,France,United Kingdom,United Kingdom
Call: Scientific data exploitation (H2020-SPACE-2020, 2020)
Start date: 2021-04-01
End date: 2024-03-31
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1999723.75
EU funding (EUR): 1999723.75
Participants: 11
Project status: SIGNED

Observing the sky in X-rays allows us to detect the hottest and most energetic phenomena in the Universe. X-rays allow us to detect matter being accreted onto black holes and they allow us to identify stellar flares from active stars, supernova explosions, neutron stars, white dwarfs, galaxy clusters and even aurora on planets or comets. XMM-Newton, a European Space Agency X-ray observatory has been observing the X-ray, ultra-violet and optical sky for 20 years. However, over this time, astronomy has evolved. We are now rarely looking at individual sources, but populations. We no longer content ourselves to a single wavelength, we are moving towards a multi-wavelength and multi-messenger era where gravitational waves, neutrinos and cosmic rays also help us understand the X-ray sources we observe. We are also moving into an era of time domain astronomy. This means operating our observatories differently. New software and methods need to be put into place to accompany this emerging astronomy, which can then be used by the next generation X-ray observatory, Athena. This proposal brings together members of the XMM-Newton Science ground segment, key members of the Athena Science ground segment, and other members of the X-ray community with complimentary skills to develop and test new methods and software to allow the community to follow the X-ray transient sky in quasi-real time, identify multi-wavelength/messenger counterparts of the sources detected with XMM-Newton and determine their nature using advanced machine learning methods and probe the faintest sources, hitherto undetected, using innovative stacking and detection algorithms. These methods will then be integrated into the Athena software, currently at the beginning of the developmental phase and the newly detected/identified sources will enhance our preparation of the X-ray sky that will be observed with Athena.

Keywords: x rays,multi wavelength data,multi messenger data,xmm newton,athena
PERSONALISATION OF IMMUNOSUPPRESSION BY MONITORING VIRAL LOAD POST KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION - A RANDOMISED CONTROLLED PHASE II TRIAL (TTV GUIDE TX)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Societal Challenges
Programme: Health, demographic change and wellbeing
Theme: Treating and managing disease
Action type: Research and Innovation actions
Countries involved: Austria,Austria,Germany,Germany,Germany,Spain,Italy,Italy,Austria,Spain,Italy,Austria,France,France,France,France,Czechia,Czechia,Netherlands,Netherlands
Call: New interventions for Non-Communicable Diseases (H2020-SC1-2020-Two-Stage-RTD, 2020)
Start date: 2021-05-01
End date: 2026-04-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 6099831.0
EU funding (EUR): 6099831.0
Participants: 22
Project status: SIGNED

Challenge: End stage renal disease (ESRD) causes high socioeconomic burden for citizens and the healthcare system in Europe. Kidney transplantation represents the treatment standard for ESRD. Graft rejection due to inadequate immunosuppression is the leading cause for chronic graft dysfunction and infectious disease due to reduced immune function is a major cause of death. Optimisation of immunosuppressive drugs is a crucial step to minimize the risk of infection and rejection and thereby prolonging patient and graft survival. Background: The peripheral blood copy number of the highly prevalent and non-pathogenic Torque Teno virus (TTV) is associated with the grade of the immunosuppression of the host. Non-interventional studies suggest superiority of TTV copy number guided immunosuppression compared to standard strategies. Objectives: To demonstrate the safety and preliminary efficacy of TTV-guided dosing of immunosuppressive drugs in kidney transplant recipients. Method: A phase II clinical trial comparing infection and rejection rate between TTV-guided immunosuppression and the clinical routine strategy. Ambition: TTV allows for a comprehensive and personalised assessment of the function of the immune system. For the first time this novel and original approach will be tested in an interventional randomised and controlled setting. Impact: The proposed project has the potential to reduce infection and graft rejection by 20% thereby significantly improving graft and patient survival of kidney transplant patients. The improved survival will reduce healthcare costs by ~€ 50 million in the EU per year. The project will serve as a proof-of-concept for TTV-based assessment of the immune system, with potential applications in solid organ transplantation, autoimmune and infectious disease and oncology.

Keywords: end stage renal disease,phase ii clinical trial,kidney transplantation,graft rejection,infectious disease,immunologic monitoring,torque teno virus,immunosuppression
The Bacteroides dual-pumping membrane-integral pyrophosphatase: a novel drug target (BactoDrug)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Life Sciences
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call: Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships (IF-EF) (H2020-MSCA-IF-2014, 2014)
Start date: 2015-06-01
End date: 2017-05-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 183454.8
EU funding (EUR): 183454.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Membrane-integral pyrophosphatases (M-PPases) couple cleavage of pyrophosphatase to pumping of ions across a membrane to generate membrane potential and play an important role in resistance to stressors. The solved structures of an H+-pumping M-PPase from Vigna radiata and an Na+-pumping M-PPase from Thermotoga maritima show M-PPases form a channel through the membrane, and this channel is plugged by an ion gate formed by three charged residues. Despite these structures, there are still many outstanding questions regarding M-PPases, especially in relation to H+ and Na+ dual-pumping M-PPases. Bacteroides species are a major cause of anaerobic infections, and though they are part of a healthy human gut flora, when these bacteria escape the gut, they can cause bacteremia and abscess formation. Bacteroides species are associated with high antibiotic resistance rates and have a 19% or greater mortality rate. However, they do possess a possible drug target: an H+/Na+-pumping M-PPase. A major goal of this project is to solve the structure of the Bacteroides vulgatus H+/Na+-pumping M-PPase to guide mutational studies to determine how M-PPases select for ions and to explore how the ion gate is opened and closed during ion pumping. Since the ion gate is closed in all M-PPase structures to date, I will also use single molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy to determine the kinetics and conformational changes during ion gate movement. Finally, I will use molecular mechanics modeling to simulate ion gate function and design small-molecule drug candidates. Molecules that trap the ion gate in the open conformation will convert M-PPase into a pore in the membrane of Bacteroides species, leading to collapse of the membrane potential. This project will further my career goal of pursuing research in bacterial pathogenesis from various perspectives, utilizing X-ray crystallography and single molecule technologies.

Keywords: integral membrane protein,x ray crystallography,membrane integral pyrophosphatase
Many-body Dynamics and Universality in Flatland (UniFlat)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Fundamental constituents of matter
Panel description: Particle, nuclear, plasma, atomic, molecular, gas, and optical physics
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call: ERC ADVANCED GRANT (ERC-2020-ADG, 2020)
Start date: 2021-11-01
End date: 2026-10-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2425898.0
EU funding (EUR): 2425898.0
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

One of the great successes of the last-century physics was recognising that many complex and seemingly disparate many-particle systems are fundamentally alike. This allowed the classification of the equilibrium states of matter into universality classes, based on their basic properties such as symmetries and the form of the interparticle interactions. At the heart of this classification is the universal collective behaviour, insensitive to the microscopic details, displayed by systems close to phase transitions. A grand challenge for modern physics is to achieve such a feat for the far richer world of the non-equilibrium collective phenomena. In recent years, theories that posit universal features of far-from-equilibrium many-body dynamics, common to systems as diverse as quantum magnets and the quark-gluon plasma, have been receiving support from experiments on the highly tuneable ultracold atomic gases. Our ambition is to make a leading contribution to this worldwide effort, through a series of coordinated experiments on homogeneous atomic gases in two-dimensional (2D) ‘Flatland’ geometry. Specifically, we will study in parallel three paradigmatic problems – the dynamics of the topological Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transition, turbulence in driven systems, and the universal spatiotemporal scaling behaviour in isolated quantum systems far from equilibrium. Each of these topics is fascinating and of fundamental importance in its own right, but beyond that we will experimentally establish an emerging picture that coherently connects them.

Keywords: phase transition dynamics,berezinskii kosterlitz thouless,kibble zurek,turbulence,universality far from equilibrium
Unlocking the potential of laser 3D printing with ultrasound (Ultra3DPrint)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Information Science and Engineering
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2020, 2020)
Start date: 2022-09-01
End date: 2024-08-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 212933.76
EU funding (EUR): 212933.76
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

If successful, this project will be a milestone in the development of 3D printing of metals by laser-directed energy deposition. The purpose of this project is to establish a scientific understanding of laser 3D printing of metals under the influence of ultrasound. A full description of this process will ensure the consistent performance of printed products for critical applications. The applicant will combine cutting-edge in situ synchrotron x-ray imaging and modelling approaches to characterise the development of the melt pool. Expected outcomes are likely to provide production guidance on laser 3D printing of metals with defect-free, highly refined grain structures that can be used to produce high value-added products. This research fellowship will enable the applicant to become an independent research group leader in the field of laser 3D printing.

Keywords: additive manufacturing,3d printing,x ray imaging
Assessing the Response of Marine Macro- and Micronutrient Bioavailability and Cycling to Arctic Sea-Ice Loss (ICEotopes)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Global Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Environment and Geosciences
Countries involved: United States,United Kingdom
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2020, 2020)
Start date: 2022-09-01
End date: 2026-08-31
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 289732.8
EU funding (EUR): 289732.8
Participants: 2
Project status: SIGNED

Sea-ice loss, freshening and stratification changes in the recent past have affected, and are projected to continue to affect, the timing, distribution and biomass production of Arctic primary producers. Current enhancements observed in primary production are attributed to increased light penetration associated with sea-ice thinning and loss. However, these enhancements may be a relatively short-term phenomenon that will recede unless there is additional supply of nutrients to the photic zone. In addition to external inputs through rivers, atmospheric deposition and vertical mixing, internal cycling and redistribution related to sea-ice formation, transport and melting are important mechanisms affecting nutrient distributions in the Arctic Ocean. Quantifying the individual contributions of these processes to nutrient bioavailability and cycling is imperative in light of ongoing sea-ice retreat but currently hindered by the lack of studies applying source- and process-sensitive tracers. Therefore, I propose to develop a multi-tracer approach based on a suite of innovative isotopic tracers sensitive to nutrient sources and cycling to be determined in snow, sea ice and seawater obtained from the year-round MOSAiC initiative and from multiple summer cruises to the Arctic Ocean. By combining established and new analytical techniques in trace element and isotope geochemistry and by conducting laboratory-controlled sea-ice growth experiments, this innovative and interdisciplinary approach will take advantage of cutting-edge knowledge in tracer development and behavior without compromising on the benefit of a seasonally and spatially constraint dataset. The results will provide a deep understanding of the effects on - and feedbacks within – Arctic marine ecosystems arising from sea-ice loss, reduce uncertainties associated with bioengineering-inspired carbon sequestration efforts and complement Europe’s 2020 strategy to tackle Food Security and Climate Action objectives.

Keywords: arctic ocean,sea ice,nutrients,biogeochemical cycling,silicon,barium,zinc,cadmium,non traditional isotopes,water masses,brines,circulation,phytoplankton,diatoms
The Hau of Finance: Impact Investing and the Globalization of Social and Environmental Sustainability (IMPACT HAU)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Consolidator grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Cultures and cultural production
Panel description: Literary studies, cultural studies, study of the arts, philosophy
Countries involved: Italy
Call: ERC Consolidator Grant (ERC-2017-COG, 2017)
Start date: 2019-02-01
End date: 2024-07-31
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1999999.0
EU funding (EUR): 1999999.0
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

Impact investing is a major emerging phenomenon in global finance that promises to reconcile capitalism with sustainability. It is increasingly embraced by governments, civil society and the private sector in the Global North and South to solve social and environmental problems. The combined crises of climate change, inequality and mass migration in a context of economic austerity have spurred cross-sectoral impact investing partnerships in areas such as green infrastructure, women’s entrepreneurship, agroecology, refugee support and disease prevention. This burgeoning $200bn market promises flexible, holistic and profitable paths to sustainability, attracting major philanthropic organisations and institutional investors boasting fresh ethical and responsible mandates. Is impact investing merely a new frontier for capitalism, or does it represent a revolutionary chapter in global history? Will it benefit communities better than conventional development programmes? The time to answer these questions is now, as impact investing is still in its infancy and the first green and social stock exchanges are opening around the world. IMPACT HAU is an innovative, critical and comparative anthropological study of the moral and political dimensions of impact investing. Inspired by Marcel Mauss’s classic use of the Maori concept of hau, the ‘spirit of the gift’, it focuses on the designers, traders and beneficiaries of impact bonds to produce an empirically driven analysis of the multiple moral orders within contemporary capitalism. Six ethnographic case studies will provide grounded, detailed accounts of the design and implementation of impact investing in Africa, Asia, Europe and the Americas. These will support a critical appraisal of the current consensus among global policymakers and business leaders giving markets a determining role in the ecological transition, testing the theories of sustainability that underpin hopes for a socially inclusive green economy.

Keywords: political ecology,anthropology of finance,anthropology of globalization and development,sustainability,environmental anthropology,anthropology of migration,medical anthropology