Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Fruitful Instability: The Cultural Logic of Creative Practice in Israeli High-Technology Start-Ups (FRUITFUL INSTABILITY)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG, 2011)
Start date: 2011-09-01
End date: 2015-08-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Israel, a country of only 7.7 million people, has the highest density of start-ups in the world (1 for every 1844 Israelis). Furthermore, more Israeli companies are listed on the NASDAQ exchange than all companies from the entire European continent. In addition, in 2008, per capita venture capital investments in Israel were 2.5 times greater than in the U.S., and more than 30 times greater than in Europe. This productivity takes place in one of the most unstable geopolitical regions in the world. This is a paradox given the fact that organizational theory and common sense suggest the importance of a stable geopolitical environment for successful market and business functionality, especially in the start-up industry that is by itself characterized by high levels of financial risk. This research will rely on ethnographic fieldwork and participant observation in two Israeli high-technology start-ups and the Israeli start-up sector in order to account for the cultural logic that explains this paradox. The research hypothesis is that Israel’s unstable geopolitical reality has a number of productive features that are commensurate with some of the specific features of successful start-ups. I will study this productive relationship at three different levels: 1) the commensurability between the cognitive and procedural orientations former Israeli Defense Forces-trained high-tech people acquire during their military service and the cognitive and procedural orientations mobilized in much of the research and development in successful Israeli start-ups; 2) culturally-specific interactional norms among Israeli start-up employees that are the product of Israel’s conflictual history and that are conducive to flexible organizational decision-making; and 3) the commensurability between the risk-intensive Israeli culture and the cultural framework needed for the risk-intensive transformation of innovative ideas into marketable products through the recruitment of venture capital.

Keywords: cultural anthropology,communication anthropology,social shaping of technology,creativity,organizations,start-ups,israel
The importance of submarine groundwater discharge for the southwestern Baltic Sea (SGDBALTIC)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG, 2011)
Start date: 2011-09-01
End date: 2015-08-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), i.e. the subsurface flow of water to the sea, is now considered as an important pathway for dissolved matter transfer from the continent to the sea. Although several studies indicate that a considerable part of unmonitored waters enter the Baltic Sea, the importance of SGD is poorly studied. We propose to survey the southwestern Baltic Sea for SGD and to measure the associated fluxes of nutrients, selected major and trace elements. These studies should allow an assessment on the importance of SGD for eutrophication and thus for the coastal ecosystem in the area investigated. In order to better understand the chemical reactions determining the chemical composition of SGD we will investigate the subsurface mixing zone between freshwater and groundwater (subterranean estuary). This research will enhance our knowledge on continent-ocean connections and the expected results will be important for other coastal regions in Europe.

Keywords: marine sciences,chemical oceanography,coastal ecosystems,hydrology (water science)
Systems Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits in Pig Model to Improve Human Health (SYSGEN OF OBESITY)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Denmark
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG, 2011)
Start date: 2011-09-01
End date: 2015-08-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The SysGen of Obesity project aims to use the pig as an animal model to unravel genes affecting human obesity, metabolic syndrome and diabetes (OMSD) traits and to catalogue their functional and molecular interactions and biological pathways. It uses state-of-the-art technologies and analytical approaches. The animal model uses a pig population of over 500 third generation progeny derived from crossing very divergent parental breeds (lean and fatty). It thus provides a very powerful design to map genes affecting OMSD. The resource population will be phenotyped for many traits including blood profiles known to be relevant to OMSD. Genotyping will be based on the Porcine 60k Illumina SNPchip. Gene or quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) will be conducted to detect genes and variants affecting OMSD traits. These genes will subsequently be validated for biological relevance using systems genetics approaches. They will also be screened for concordance with human QTL-GWAS results by comparative genomics. The most significant genes from the above steps could harbour relevant causal genes/mutations and hence will be selected for targeted resequencing and further analyses. This animal model is also expected to find 'novel' genes and pathways that have not been identified previously in human obesity. Systems biology experiment is planned using a ‘BioBank’ of relevant tissues and RNA samples from this resource population. The ultimate impact will be in the form of delivery of potential causal mutations, biological pathways, genetic- and bio-markers and new drug targets to improve human health. Hence our project will enhance EU excellence in Genetics and Systems Biology of OMSD and strengthen EU bio-medical industry. This grant will give an excellent opportunity for the researcher to conduct this high profile research thereby integrating him in EU scientific community and will significantly enhance his long-term career prospects

Keywords: obesity,diabetes,animal model,f2 pig,qtl mapping,gwas,snp,biological pathways,biomarkers,genomics,transcriptomics,resequencing,quantitative genetics,systems genetics,bioinformatics
FlexSens: Chemical Sensors for the 21st Century (FLEXSENS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG, 2011)
Start date: 2011-09-01
End date: 2015-08-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

FlexSens aims to develop extremely versatile sensing strategies that can be used for the widespread generation of chemical information. The flexibility of the platform, then, refers to its ability to adapt to different environments, conditions and users. The work intends to bridge the gap between current technological developments in areas such as flexible electronics, smart textiles, wireless sensing networks, etc., and recent progress in sensors for analytical chemistry. Under guiding principles of a minimized human intervention, widespread availability and reduced costs, FlexSens will create autonomous or extremely simple tools to perform routine determinations that will not require direct intervention of an expert. Two main research lines will be explored: 1) Life embedded objects 2) Low cost disposable sensors. In the first one, the project will explore the incorporation of sensors in objects used in our everyday life, especially textiles. In the second one, extremely cheap, disposable paper printed sensors will be generated. The enabling technology will be a combination of recent progress in carbon nanotubes potentiometric sensing and printed electronics using carbon nanotubes inks. The end goal of FlexSens is to provide a battery of analytical approaches that can converge with existing and emerging social and technological trends to help in the solution of urgent social needs in many diverse areas, such as healthcare, environmental analysis, food production, etc. Carbon nanotubes will be immobilized in different surfaces -paper, cotton, rubbers- and properly functinoalized to create electrodes to be used in a potentiometric sensing scheme. The ways to generate the working and reference electrodes, their incorporation into everyday life objects and their final assessment in real life applications will be aim of this work.

Keywords: physical sciences,chemical sensors,flexible sensors,potentiometric sensors,carbon nanotubes,all solid state potentiometry,smart textiles
Axoglial synapses, adult myelination and motor skills learning (MOTOGLIA)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Neurosciences and neural disorders
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2011-ADG_20110310, 2011)
Start date: 2012-03-01
End date: 2017-02-28
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2476931.0
EU funding (EUR): 2476931.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Recently it has become clear that new oligodendrocytes and myelin are generated throughout adult life in rodents. Some major axon tracts including the corpus callosum contain a majority of unmyelinated axons even in maturity, suggesting that at least some of the adult-born oligodendrocytes might myelinate previously naked axons. This would be expected to alter dramatically the conduction properties of the newly-myelinated axons and the properties of the circuits in which they participate, contributing to neural plasticity. It has been known for a long time that proliferation and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (also known as NG2 cells) in the developing CNS is controlled in part by electrical activity in axons. More recently, it was shown that NG2 cells form synapses with axons ("axoglial synapses") and receive electrical stimulation from passing action potentials. This suggests that NG2 cells are “listening in” to electrical activity which, at some threshold, might stimulate them to differentiate and myelinate the active axon(s). MRI imaging of human brain has revealed that white matter volume continues to increase into the fourth decade of life and that specific tracts can undergo structural changes in response to complex activities such as piano playing or juggling. These and other observations raise the intriguing possibility that motor skills learning and motor memory might depend on new myelination. Testing this startling new idea is at the core of my proposed program of research. We shall investigate 1) the role of axoglial synapses in regulating NG2 cell proliferation and differentiation in the adult CNS and 2) the role of NG2 cells and myelin genesis in motor learning. Behavioural, cellular and molecular analyses of genetically manipulated mice will form the major part of the experimental approach.

Keywords: motor skills learning,exercise,mouse behaviour,transgenic mice,myelin,oligodendrocytes,neuron-glial interactions,axoglial synapses
From Dark Matter to the Large Hadron Collider: A New Data-Driven Era (FDMLHC)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG, 2011)
Start date: 2011-10-01
End date: 2015-09-30
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The upcoming years are poised to be exciting. The frontiers of particle physics will expand as new data from high energy colliders, astrophysical measurements and Dark Matter (DM) direct detection experiments become available. After more than 40 years dominated by the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics, it is likely that soon the way will be paved to an extended, more profound theory of Nature. This proposal investigates several aspects of theories beyond the SM, collider phenomenology and DM physics, emphasizing the interplay between the subjects, and following closely the experimental results. One emphasis is placed on DM and in particular on paradigms that go beyond the vanilla Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) scenario. Specifically, we propose to study the theoretical motivations and experimental avenues to detect the largely unexplored light DM paradigm. Another natural focus of attention is the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). We propose to study low scale hidden sectors and their collider consequences. In particular, we focus on related non-standard Higgs decays that require dedicated searches to discover. In this new era, theorists must ensure they are prepared to interpret, correlate, and refine their understanding of nature, as new data flows in from the myriad of ongoing experiments. This is the spirit of the proposal at hand.

Keywords: dark matter,asymmetric dark matter,indirect detection,collider phenomenology,non-standard higgs decay,hidden sector,lepton jets
The young social brain at work: from neurobiology to innovative pharmacotherapies for autism spectrum disorders (SOCIALBRAIN)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Italy
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG, 2011)
Start date: 2011-08-01
End date: 2015-07-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are among the most severe psychiatric disorders in childhood in terms of prevalence, outcome, impact on families and cost to society. Social dysfunctions are a core, disabling symptom of ASD. Since the neurobiology of social behavior is largely unknown, there are no drugs available to treat social dysfunctions in ASD. Although no animal model can capture all the molecular and behavioral features of ASD, animal studies of normal and abnormal social behavior can provide unique insights into the social impairments in ASD. My aim is therefore to investigate the neurobiology of social behavior in adolescent rats, in normal and impaired conditions. I will focus on the most characteristic social activity displayed by young mammals: social play behavior. Social play is highly rewarding and is essential for proper development, both in adolescent rats and human children. Importantly, social play is highly impaired in ASD children. Although the neurobiology of social play is largely unknown, my studies have shown that neurotransmitters involved in positive emotions, such as opioids, cannabinoids and dopamine, positively modulate social play. On this basis, my aims are: 1. identify the neural circuits of social play; 2. investigate whether drugs that increase social play ameliorate experimentally-induced impairments in social behavior in rat models of social dysfunction that strongly resemble ASD. By focusing on social dysfunctions as a crucial phenotype in ASD, I will investigate neurobiological aspects of ASD that cannot be studied in humans, in order to 1. understand the abnormal social behaviors that characterize ASD; 2. provide novel drug targets to treat social dysfunctions in ASD. I’ve been appointed as Assistant Professor in my Country, after a 5-year training abroad. This grant will allow me to transfer the knowledge gained abroad in my Country, and will make a substantial contribution to the scientific success of my future career.

Keywords: neurobiology,brain research,social behavior,autism,cannabinoid,opioid
Extending the Needs-Based Model of Reconciliation to ambivalent contexts: The emotional needs of adversaries who simultaneously serve as both victims and perpetrators (NBMR AND AMBIVALENCE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG, 2011)
Start date: 2011-08-01
End date: 2015-07-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The Needs-Based Model of Reconciliation (NBMR) is an innovative perspective on reconciliation suggesting that following a transgression, victims are motivated to restore their sense of power (i.e., reassurance of their status, rights and respect), whereas perpetrators are motivated to reassure their acceptance to the moral community from which they feel potentially excluded. Empirical evidence shows that satisfying the emotional needs of victims and perpetrators through a reciprocal exchange of messages (i.e., messages expressing empowerment and acceptance, respectively) promoted parties’ willingness to reconcile. Yet this evidence was obtained in interpersonal and intergroup contexts where the social roles of "victims" and "perpetrators" were clear-cut and consensual (e.g., the Holocaust); the proposed research aims to extend the NBMR to "ambivalent contexts" in which the same person or group both victimized and was victimized by its adversary. Using three different contexts of mutual transgressions (interpersonal, minimal groups and natural groups), experiments 1-3 will examine whether individuals or group members who experience ambivalence regarding their social role (victims or perpetrators) consequently experience enhanced needs for both empowerment and acceptance and show amplified retaliatory and helping behavior. Experiments 4-6 will use the same transgression contexts to examine the effects of exchanging empowering or accepting messages on the facilitation of reconciliation. Theoretically, the proposed research will integrate the literatures on reconciliation and ambivalence to illuminate individuals' and groups' behavioral tendencies and emotional needs in ambivalent contexts and demonstrate how satisfying these needs may promote reconciliation. It will thus allow the implementation of the NBMR to a wider range of contexts, including intractable conflicts. Practically, it may help to plan effective messages and interventions to facilitate interpersonal and

Keywords: reconciliation,emotional needs,victims,perpetrators,ambivalence
Role of Mechanosensory Touch-Based Cues on Arborization of Neuronal Dendritic Trees (MECHANOSENSORYTREES)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG, 2011)
Start date: 2011-09-01
End date: 2015-08-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

To convey sensory touch inputs, neurons must have the ability to sense and translate mechanical stimuli into electrical signals. This process, known as mechanosensation, relies on the proper structuring and development of neuronal dendritic trees (arborization). There is growing evidence supporting the required role of environmental cues in determining the definitive morphology of dendritic trees. In turn, arborization is expected to result from both intrinsic neuronal differentiation as well as extrinsic contributions from the external environment. However, there is little understanding of how mechanosensory signals regulate the morphological arborization process, and conversely how the morphology of dendritic trees affects mechanosensation. Yet, defects in neuronal development and mechanosensory function can contribute to neuro-developmental disorders such as Down’s syndrome and autism. In the present proposal, we aim at deepening our quantitative understanding of the influence of touch-based sensory input in determining dendritic patterns during development. The proposed work is built around three pillars of research using the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. We will implement (i) live imaging techniques of mechanosensory touch neurons in whole organisms, (ii) statistical models using machine learning to quantify the structure and patterns of neuronal trees, and (iii) behavioral assays of C. elegans to characterize the influence of extrinsic sensory inputs on motility phenotypes. This latter step will rely heavily on engineering fluidics and quantitative visualization techniques. It is anticipated that an integral characterization of the coupling between mechanosensory input and dendritic arborization will pave the way towards a better understanding of neurodegenerative diseases and potential treatment strategies.

Keywords: biomedical engineering,biological engineering,model organism,c. elegans,mechanosensation,animal locomotion,phenotyping,microfluidics,neurons,development