Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Towards Open Societies? Trends, Variations and Driving Forces of Intergenerational Social Mobility in Europe over the Past Three Centuries (TOWARDSOPENSOCIETIES)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The study of the human past
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (ERC-2008-AdG, 2008)
Start date: 2009-04-01
End date: 2014-03-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1921128.0
EU funding (EUR): 1921128.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Have our societies become more meritocratic, in the sense of more open , more fluid ? And if so, why, since when, and how quickly? We answer these points by studying intergenerational social mobility during the past 300 years. More precisely, we compare the social class positions of children with those of their parents in various epochs, countries, and within countries in various regions, and relate these associations to the institutional contexts of the societies and to notable characteristics of the individuals in question. Has there been a trend towards more intergenerational social mobility in all or some parts of Europe? Have levels of mobility converged? If so, where and when did those trends start? What were the determinants of social mobility in the various regions and historical periods? Which institutions have historically furthered and which have hampered social mobility between the generations? This research project is grounded in the belief that social mobility patterns differ significantly and meaningfully over time and between regions. This has been masked by the fact that even the most brilliant contemporary studies of social mobility (a) have only the short time span surveys allow, (b) can thus only partially consider institutional variation, and (c) assume invariance or linear trends. Historical variance often appears either absent or meaningless. The long time horizon of this research programme in combination with measured institutional variation at the regional level in historical societies will allow us to (a) capture slow changes, (b) test better for changes that are non-linear and do not appear in all regions at the same time, and (c) connect observed changes to institutional determinants. We will do this using a unique historical database of 3.7 million individual records from historical vital registers, employed in combination with surveys, autobiographies, job advertisements in newspapers, and data on institutional contexts. U

Keywords: social inequality and mobility,openness,institutions,interdisciplinarity,regions,path dependency
Social capital and enforcement of informal contracts in developing economies (SSD)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Individuals, institutions and markets
Countries involved: Belgium
Call:  (ERC-2008-AdG, 2008)
Start date: 2009-01-01
End date: 2013-12-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 720000.0
EU funding (EUR): 720000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

In the absence of formal contracts and sanctioning agencies, many economic exchanges are based on informal arrangements that cannot be enforced through courts or monitored by external parties. In this project, we study the role of social capital in generating social sanctions that agents can use to enforce informal arrangements. Typically, in the literature, social sanctions are posited parametrically, and are supposed to be used unilaterally whenever there is a breach in the contract . They are thus conceived essentially as an instrument to sustain existing agreements. This argument however relies on unduly restrictive assumptions on the nature and the use of social sanctions: they are costless and they can be used only against defecting members. We intend to go beyond the literature by properly modelling what constitutes a social sanction, so as to provide stronger micro-foundations to this concept. We therefore intend to first investigate the mechanisms through which social capital, in the sense of dense interdependence between agents, generates social sanctions. In a second step, we will explore the impact of social sanctions in sustaining existing agreements, allowing sanctions to be used to force agents to renege on their obligations if such defection is beneficial to their particular group. To give an example, in the context of micro-credit, group members can use social sanctions to enforce repayment of the loan to the bank but, with appropriate norms and beliefs, they can also use the same sanctions to enforce collective default against the lending agency. At the theoretical level, we will explore the role of social sanctions in micro-credit groups, in collective action problems and in informal insurance arrangements. We shall also carry out two empirical projects based on original data sets: one on the evolution of microfinance groups in India, and the other on social sanctions and pressures for interpersonal redistribution in Cameroon.

Keywords: social capital,informal contracts,enforcement,micro-credit
The Ethical GovernAnce of emergIng technologieS – New Governance Perspectives for Integrating Ethics into Technical Development Projects and Applications (EGAIS)

Framework: FP7 — Capacities
Programme: Science in Society
Destination: A more dynamic governance of the science and society relationship
Action type: Collaborative project
Countries involved: Italy,Belgium,United Kingdom,France,Slovenia
Call:  (FP7-SCIENCE-IN-SOCIETY-2008-1, 2008)
Start date: 2009-05-01
End date: 2012-02-29
Duration (months): 34.0
Total project cost (EUR): 998218.57
EU funding (EUR): 837685.0
Participants: 5
Project status: CLOSED

EGAIS will investigate the ethical governance in EU research projects with the goal of providing a framework for improved governance mechanisms that will address potential ethical issues arising from new and emerging technologies. The Ambient Intelligence projects will be used as a starting point of analysis, but the results will be tested to other emerging fields such as nanotechnologies, biodiversity and converging technologies. Usually projects with technical development do not sufficiently integrate the ethical issues that arise: the governance of ethics is missing and no guidelines have been provided at the EU and international level. These difficulties have been recognised at EU level, resulting in the attention paid to ethics and ICT in FP7 and partially in FP6. Adopting a bottom-up approach, EGAIS will investigate how ethical governance considerations could be embedded into the research and technology development culture of EU research so that they become a natural part of the evaluation and technical development process. The interdisciplinary project team will provide new governance guidelines addressing the integration of ethics into technical development projects that could be used in any field of technology development. Guidelines will emerge from the following steps: empirical analysis (of ethical governance measures within EU funded projects), classification of existing projects based on their ethical governance models and interpretation, application of theoretical outcomes to different technological domains to catalogue deficiencies in ethical governance mechanisms (portability of the problem), production of guidelines for concretely embedding ethics into projects in any EU technological development practices (portability of the solution). EGAIS will collect feedback from key stakeholders (EU policy makers, project leaders, academia, etc.) through a series of workshops. Dissemination activities will include the industry and civil society.

Keywords: ethical governance procedures and mechanisms,technical development project and applications,emerging technologies,ambient intelligence,nanotechnologies,biodiversity,converging technologies
Ethical Issues of Emerging ICT Applications (ETICA)

Framework: FP7 — Capacities
Programme: Science in Society
Destination: A more dynamic governance of the science and society relationship
Action type: Collaborative project
Countries involved: United Kingdom,Finland,Netherlands,Germany,Belgium,Germany,Poland,Hungary,United Kingdom,Belgium
Call:  (FP7-SCIENCE-IN-SOCIETY-2008-1, 2008)
Start date: 2009-04-01
End date: 2011-05-31
Duration (months): 26.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1068773.0
EU funding (EUR): 828249.0
Participants: 12
Project status: CLOSED

The ETICA project will identify emerging Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and their potential application areas in order to analyse and evaluate ethical issues arising from these. By including a variety of stakeholders and disciplinary perspectives, it will grade and rank foreseeable ethical risks. Based on the study governance arrangements currently used to address ICT ethics in Europe, ETICA will recommend concrete governance structures to address the most salient ethical issues identified. These recommendations will form the basis of more general policy recommendations aimed at addressing ethical issues in emerging ICTs before or as they arise Taking an inclusive and interdisciplinary approach will ensure that ethical issues are identified early, recommendations will be viable and acceptable, and relevant policy suggestions will be developed. This will contribute to the larger aims of the Science in Society programme by developing democratic and open governance of ICT. Given the high importance of ICT to further a number of European policy goals, it is important that ethical issues are identified and addressed early. The provision of viable policy suggestions will have an impact well beyond the scientific community. Ethical issues have the potential to jeopardise the success of individual technical solutions. The acceptance of the scientific-technological basis of modern society requires that ethical questions are addressed openly and transparently. The ETICA project is therefore a contribution to the European Research Area and also to the quality of life of European citizens. Furthermore, ethical awareness can help the European ICT industry gain a competitive advantage over less sensitive competitors, thus contributing to the economic well-being of Europe.

Keywords: ethics,ict,governance
MY SCIENCE European Program for Young Journalists (MY SCIENCE)

Framework: FP7 — Capacities
Programme: Science in Society
Destination: Science and society communicate
Action type: Coordination and support actions
Countries involved: Italy,Poland,Hungary
Call:  (FP7-SCIENCE-IN-SOCIETY-2008-1, 2008)
Start date: 2009-01-01
End date: 2010-06-30
Duration (months): 18.0
Total project cost (EUR): 279779.0
EU funding (EUR): 252612.0
Participants: 3
Project status: CLOSED

MY SCIENCE represents a support action aimed to improve the wider public`s understanding of EU research, as well as the scientists` engagement towards the public, in order to minimize the ambiguous feelings expressed by citizens regarding knowledge of and the potential benefits from science and technology. This will be achieved through promoting the mass media`s engagement towards science and building partnerships between science laboratories and non-scientific associations of journalism. The program will primarily focus on developing the basic infrastructure of a two-way communication between scientists and journalists through training programs provided to young journalists by scientists. EU organisations of journalism will ensure the involvement of young journalists, while EU funded research laboratories will provide the background for the training and the scientific and technical know-how. The programs will be based on common issues and objectives. They will be activated and start a dialogue in order to reach the objectives, and as an effect, they will start to listen to and communicate to each other. In order to ensure long term sustainability, the program will be developed into a common platform for young journalists being interested in writing about European research, which will continue to be alive after the closure of the project. The following specific objectives are expected to be achieved within the duration of the project: (a) Establish an infrastructure and a methodology to support communication and co-operation between scientists and journalists (b) Involve participants who will contribute to maximizing the impact of the program and ensure maximum benefits for the wider public. (c) Provide young journalists with appropriate tools to maximize their skills and interest to publish interesting and relevant material about EU research in non-scientific TV channels and in general press, in a way that is understandable for the wider public.

Keywords: european research,young journalists,transnational cooperation,science communication,media and society.
Towards a critical moral anthropology (MORALS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Institutions, values, beliefs and behaviour
Countries involved: France
Call:  (ERC-2008-AdG, 2008)
Start date: 2009-07-01
End date: 2013-06-30
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1286400.0
EU funding (EUR): 1286400.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Consubstantial to the founding project of social sciences, moral issues have been eclipsed for a long time in sociological and anthropological research. Without neglecting recent efforts of social scientists to readdress them, my intention is to take up this repressed ambition by laying the foundations of a critical moral anthropology. The crucial importance of morals in everyday life as well as in global crisis, in the evaluation of actions as well as in the justification of policies, in the relations with others as well as in the construction of social identities makes this ambition a reasonable necessity. Empirical validation will be done through a comparative ethnography of moral economies around two groups: immigrants in juridical precariousness; adolescents from underprivileged areas. Our study will concern their interactions with regulation structures police and justice, social work and mental health. It will enlighten the concepts of moral work and stakes, of moral categories and evaluation, of moral communities and boundaries. Fieldwork will be mainly conducted in the banlieues of Paris. For the immigrants, we will study how situations and claims are evaluated at the border to enter the territory (Waiting Zone for Foreigners of Roissy) or in case of appeal for refugees (National Court for Asylum); we will also analyze processes of sanction for their illegal situation (Retention Center of Coquelles) or for offences (Prisons of La Santé, Fresnes and Val d Oise). For the adolescents, we will focus on the ordinary setting of institutions in charge of these publics (Val d Oise), but also on two innovative responses based on mental health (Network of Yvelines Sud and House for Adolescents of Val d Oise East). Based mainly on anthropology and sociology, the project also involves political science, philosophy, psychology and psychiatry. The research team includes the PI, 5 post-docs, 5 PhD students and two part-time researchers, all from IRIS.

Keywords: moral economies -
Rising pan-European and International Awareness of Biometrics and Security Ethics (RISE)

Framework: FP7 — Capacities
Programme: Science in Society
Destination: A more dynamic governance of the science and society relationship
Action type: Coordination and support actions
Countries involved: Greece,China,United Kingdom,Taiwan, Province of China,Estonia,Italy,United States,Ireland,India
Call:  (FP7-SCIENCE-IN-SOCIETY-2008-1, 2008)
Start date: 2009-03-01
End date: 2012-02-29
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1016686.35
EU funding (EUR): 919501.0
Participants: 10
Project status: CLOSED

RISE is a CSA (coordinating), which aims to promote pan-European and International Awareness on Ethical Aspects of Biometrics and Security Technologies. In particular the project aims to deepen, enlarge, and ensure continuity to transnational (European) and international dialogue already instigated by the international conferences on ethics and biometrics organised by the EC DG Research and the US DHS Privacy Office respectively in Brussels and Washington DC in 2005 and 2006. RISE’s point is the new political landscape created by the Treaty of Lisbon of the European Union. The EU is now on the verge of a multifaceted reform of its decision-making rules for security, which may have deep ethical and political implications. RISE will address this issue.

Keywords: biometrics,security,ethics,fundamental rights,international dialogue,policy
Ethical and regulatory challenges raised by synthetic biology (SYNTH-ETHICS)

Framework: FP7 — Capacities
Programme: Science in Society
Destination: A more dynamic governance of the science and society relationship
Action type: Collaborative project
Countries involved: Netherlands,Germany,Italy,Australia
Call:  (FP7-SCIENCE-IN-SOCIETY-2008-1, 2008)
Start date: 2009-03-01
End date: 2011-08-31
Duration (months): 30.0
Total project cost (EUR): 770608.0
EU funding (EUR): 531276.0
Participants: 5
Project status: CLOSED

SYNTH-ETHICS addresses the ethical, legal and social implications of the emerging field of synthetic biology, with a special focus on biosafety and biosecurity and on notions of life. The project starts with discerning relevant ethical issues in close collaboration with the synthetic biology community. Next, the public debates around these issues are analysed. The current ethical and regulative frameworks existing in synthetic biology and closely related fields like nanobiotechnology and genetic engineering will then be reconstructed and assessed for their ability to deal adequately with existing and newly emerging ethical issues in synthetic biology. On that basis, challenges for current regulatory and ethical frameworks will be identified and recommendations for dealing with these challenges will be formulated targeted at three relevant groups: 1) the synthetic biology community, 2) EU policy makers and 3) NGOs/the public The project is at the intersection of ethics, technology assessment and foresight, law, and new technologies, and expertise from all relevant fields is included in the project team. The project will build on insights and discussions from other fields such as biotechnology and nanotechnology. It will also try to assess which aspects of synthetic biology might give rise to ethical problems of a different nature, specific to the field. In turn, it will contribute significantly to a more adequate and proactive broadly applicable approach to the ethical aspects of new technology. It will contribute to a common understanding of synthetic biology and the ethical, legal and social issues involved in EU member states, and to the shaping of a distinct European approach without ignoring the discussions and developments in the US and elsewhere. Stakeholders’ views will be solicited during the project and will be taken into account, and the project will help to prepare for a rational and informed public dialogue on synthetic biology. Finally, the project p

Keywords: synthetic biology,ethics,normative frameworks,nanotechnology,dual use,human nature,safety,security
Facilitators' Units Network for Debates (FUND)

Framework: FP7 — Capacities
Programme: Science in Society
Destination: A more dynamic governance of the science and society relationship
Action type: Coordination and support actions
Countries involved: Belgium,United Kingdom,Italy
Call:  (FP7-SCIENCE-IN-SOCIETY-2008-1, 2008)
Start date: 2009-03-01
End date: 2011-02-28
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 317600.0
EU funding (EUR): 295110.0
Participants: 3
Project status: CLOSED

FUND is a platform to enable active players in the cities to network and create opportunities for dialogue and engagement with science. We propose to create an online, open source support system to combine the willingness of the local actors to engage in dialogue and participatory activities with training, best practice and a knowledge transfer desk. Information, guidelines, materials, direct consultancy and contacts can improve the performances of a multitude of local experiences and help to build connections and links between widespread and varied European experiences. FUND consists of an open source platform which allows all interested parties to innovate on the successful “Decide” format, and a scheme of microgrants to enable collaborations between science centers’ explainers and local organizations and city administrations.

Keywords: platform,facilitators,explainers,network,dialogue,communication,dissemination,science,participation,training,best practice,knowledge transfer,cities,tools
Establishing an efficient network for cancer communication in Europe. (EUROCANCERCOMS)

Framework: FP7 — Capacities
Programme: Science in Society
Destination: A more dynamic governance of the science and society relationship
Action type: Coordination and support actions
Countries involved: Italy,Belgium,United Kingdom,Belgium,Netherlands,Greece,Romania,Spain,Switzerland,United Kingdom,Sweden,United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-SCIENCE-IN-SOCIETY-2008-1, 2008)
Start date: 2009-05-01
End date: 2011-09-30
Duration (months): 29.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1439287.67
EU funding (EUR): 1252542.0
Participants: 18
Project status: CLOSED

The lack of efficient communication among cancer health professionals, patients and policy makers remains a significant barrier to collaboration in the EU. Information overload and a very fractionated, exhaustive array of resources, networks and knowledge providers are seriously hindering the translation and implementation of research in Europe. With the constant explosion of data we can expect to face increasingly challenging times for reliable and effective scientific communication. The EU needs to establish an integrated model for a Europe-wide cancer information and policy exchange portal that will provide a functional exchange system for accurate information and intelligence catering to the needs of health professionals, patients and policy makers. Such a model could subsequently be applied to other areas of healthcare. To address this a consortium will conduct an inventory of all existing information tools, their faults and flaws and requirements for the future. This will include the collation of current regulatory requirements and the provision of strategic intelligence on cancer research for policy makers. A review of new technologies to aid the dissemination of information will be completed. The consortium aims to establish a state of the art communications system to connect all those implicated in translation of basic cancer research into clinically testable hypotheses, public health prevention and management strategies, patient information and support activities. The proposed project will have 2 co-ordinators and will involve representatives from a wide range of scientific and management disciplines. Working Parties will have specific Work Packages. A Scientific Committee will coordinate the consortium and will analyse the reports generated to identify common resources to optimize the best way forward, to determine priorities for fast and efficient communication within cancer research in Europe, and to integrate these into a common strategic document.

Keywords: science,internet,cancer,research,dissemination,technology,journal,translation,europe,publishing,co-ordination.