Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Epigenetic Deregulation of Apoptotic Gene Expression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) (HCC EPIGENETICS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Re-integration Grants
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Greece
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-RG, 2009)
Start date: 2011-02-01
End date: 2015-01-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and thus constitutes a major health problem involving more than half a million new cases every year. During its promotion stage, HCC has been associated with defective apoptosis and increased cell proliferation. Only recently, gene expression has been shown to be regulated by epigenetics (reversible heritable changes in gene regulation that occur without a change in DNA sequence) involving changes in DNA methylation patterns as well as specific histone modifications. Throughout our proposal, we speculate that alterations in DNA methylation patterns trigger specific histone modifications resulting in apoptotic gene silencing during HCC. Thus, we propose to test the hypothesis that epigenetically-induced deregulation of the apoptotic pathway promotes transformation to malignancy. To conclude, although the deregulation of the apoptotic machinery in carcinogenesis is well established, there is a gap in our understanding as to how apoptotic genes are involved and how is their expression regulated in malignancy. Our proposal fills in the gaps in linking the epigenetically-induced alterations in apoptotic gene expression to the defective apoptotic phenotype characteristic of HCC. Furthermore, our proposal elucidates the molecular mechanisms by which specific histone modifications converse with the DNA methylation machinery in order to silence specific apoptotic genes. Finally, determining the molecular identity of these epigenetic modifications is of paramount importance because such information can be utilized in designing more efficient cancer therapeutic strategies based on the concept of selective apoptotic activation in malignant cells thus making such strategies more efficient and less cytotoxic.

Keywords: gene expression,epigenetics,apoptosis,hepatocellular carcinoma,carcinogenesis,histone modifications,dna methylation
The evolution of cultural norms in real world settings (CULTRWORLD)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The Human Mind and its complexity
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2009-AdG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-05-01
End date: 2016-04-30
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1801978.0
EU funding (EUR): 1801978.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

An intense debate is raging within evolutionary anthropology as to whether the evolution of human behaviour is driven by selection pressure on the individual or on the group. Until recently there was consensus amongst evolutionary biologists and evolutionary anthropologists that natural selection caused behaviours to evolve that benefit the individual or close kin. However the idea that cultural behaviours that favour the group can evolve, even at the expense of individual well-being, is now being supported by some evolutionary anthropologists and economists. Models of cultural group selection rely on patterns of cultural transmission that maintain differences between cultural groups, because either decisions are based on what most others in the group do, or non-conformists are punished in some way. If such biased transmission occurs, then humans may be following a unique evolutionary trajectory towards extreme sociality; such models potentially explain behaviours such as altruism towards non-relatives or limiting your reproductive rate. However, relevant empirical evidence from real world populations, concerning behaviour that potentially influences reproductive success, is almost entirely lacking. The projects proposed here are designed to help fill that gap. In micro-evolutionary studies we will seek evidence for the patterns cultural transmission or social learning that enable cultural group selection to act, and ask how these processes depend on properties of the community, and thus how robust are they to the demographic and societal changes that accompany modernisation. These include studies of the spread of modern contraception through communities; and studies of punishment of selfish players in economic games. In macro-evolutionary studies, we will use phylogenetic cross-cultural comparative methods to show how different cultural traits change over the long term, and ask whether social or ecological variables are driving that cultural change.

Keywords: human behavioural ecology,cultural evolution,evolutionary economics,cultural phylogenetics,evolutionary anthropology
The evolution of social life and division of labour (SOCIAL LIFE)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Evolutionary, population and environmental biology
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call:  (ERC-2009-AdG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-05-01
End date: 2016-04-30
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2497500.0
EU funding (EUR): 2497500.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The hallmark of social insect colonies is reproductive division of labour which is often associated with dramatic morphological and behavioural differences between queens, workers and males. The aim of this proposal is three-fold. First, we will use our recently developed fiducial identification system to investigate the general principles of social organisation and division of labour. The video tracking of workers labelled with markers derived from the augmented reality library ARTag allows us for the first time to distinguish up to 2000 individuals and precisely locate them every 500ms, hence allowing large-scale experiments addressing the question of how the behaviour of individual workers is influenced by the joint effects of environmental factors and social interactions. The second related aim is to investigate how the level of altruism within colonies and the reliability of communication systems are shaped by colony kin structure. Because it is not possible to conduct artificial evolution with social insects we will use a new experimental system consisting of colonies of small mobile robots with simple vision and communication abilities. This system permits to conduct hundreds of generations of experimental evolution in colonies with variable group composition to identify the factors affecting the evolution of altruism and communication. Finally, we will complement these studies with a genetic perspective using a remarkable genetic social polymorphism that we recently discovered in the fire ant Solenopsis invicta. The advent of new ultra high-throughput sequencing techniques will allow us to document the steps involved in the evolution of this genetic social polymorphism and test the suggestion that the chromosome involved in the social polymorphism has the properties of a sex chromosome. This project will be highly interdisciplinary, involving skills in evolutionary biology, the study of animal behaviour, bioinformatics, engineering and molecular biology

Keywords: social behaviour,altruism,division of labour,ant,robot
The eating body in Western practice and theory (EATINGBODIES)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Institutions, values, beliefs and behaviour
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (ERC-2009-AdG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-03-01
End date: 2015-02-28
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1848701.0
EU funding (EUR): 1848701.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Human bodies eat. But what does this entail? The proposed project will explore how the eating body is shaped in different Western practices. These will include nutritional research and health care clinics, sites that have a far-reaching impact on how we eat. Four related sub-projects will trace the most relevant contrasts: (1) the eating body&apos;s health: limiting calorie intake versus maximising satisfaction; (2) the eating body&apos;s sensitivity: on tasting in various practices; (3) the eating body and other eaters: on different ways of relating individual and collective; (4) the eating body and its environment: on absorbing food, excreting waste and different bodily boundaries. These four sub-projects will together inform an anthropology of the eating body in Western practices. A fifth sub-project will attend to the eater in theory . Eating may be ubiquitous in practice, but it is strikingly absent from theorising in the Western philosophical tradition. This has profound implications for social science repertoires, which tend to include an actor modelled on the neuromuscular body. This actor sees, hears, moves and manipulates, but does not eat. Drawing on what we learn about the eating body in the empirical parts of the study, the fifth sub-project will model the actor on the eater. Eaters do not observe from a distance, but are mixed up with their surroundings. They do not judge impartially, but appreciate their food as they destroy it. Their metabolic activity, distributed over every cell, does not depend on central control. The theoretical possibilities that follow, will be experimentally explored. Thus the project aims to substantially enrich the Western tradition by feeding it with lessons drawn from its own marginalised experiences.

Keywords: social studies of the body social studies of eating practices
Engineering Social and Economic Institutions (ESEI)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Individuals, institutions and markets
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call:  (ERC-2009-AdG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-01-01
End date: 2015-12-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1797525.21
EU funding (EUR): 1797525.21
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The advent of the Internet and the increased power of modern day computing have dramatically changed the economic landscape. Billions of dollars worth of goods are being auctioned among geographically dispersed buyers; online brokerages are used to find jobs, trade stocks, make travel arrangements, etc. The architecture of these online (trading) platforms is typically rooted in their pre-Internet counterparts, and advances in the theory of market design combined with increased computing capabilities prompt a careful re-evaluation. This proposal concerns the creation of novel, more flexible institutions using an approach that combines theory, laboratory experiments, and practical policy. The first project enhances our understanding of newly designed package auctions by developing equilibrium models of competitive bidding and measuring the efficacy of alternative formats in controlled experiments. The next project studies novel market forms that allow for all-or-nothing trades to alleviate inefficiencies and enhance dynamic stability when complementarities exist. The third project concerns the design of market regulation and procurement contests to create better incentives for research and development. The fourth project addresses information aggregation properties of alternative voting institutions, suggesting improvements for referenda and jury/committee voting. The Internet has also dramatically altered the nature of social interactions. Emerging institutions such as online social networking tools, rating systems, and web-community Q&amp;A services reduce social distances and catalyze opportunities for social learning. The final project focuses on social learning in a variety of settings and on the impact of social networks on behavior. Combined these projects generate insights that apply to a broad array of social and economic environments and that will guide practitioners to the use of better designed institutions.

Keywords: institutional and market design,laboratory experiments
The European correspondence to Jacob Burckhardt (EUROCORR)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Cultures and cultural production
Countries involved: Italy
Call:  (ERC-2009-AdG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-06-01
End date: 2015-05-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1215600.0
EU funding (EUR): 1215600.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The aim of this project is to map and publish in a critical edition the extensive correspondence of European intellectuals with the Swiss cultural historian Jacob Burckhardt over a period of more than half a century, from 1842 to 1897. This correspondence documents a crucial period in European history and culture, one which witnessed the emergence of art history as a separate discipline; serious political conflict in France, Germany, Italy and Switzerland; the birth of the nation-states of Italy and Germany; debate on the meaning and consequences of democracy as a system of government; and the rise of Caesarism in France. The effects of modernism are also discussed in this correspondence, from the culture of museums, art exhibitions and the first universal expositions (e.g., the Expositions Universelles in Paris) to the clash between industrial culture and neo-humanist ideals of education. The large body of correspondence received by Jacob Burckhardt (about two thousand letters conserved in various libraries and private archives) provides a cultural map of this crucial phase in the development of a new European identity.
The Entertainization of Childhood: An Etiology of Risks and Opportunities (ENTCHILD)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Institutions, values, beliefs and behaviour
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (ERC-2009-AdG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-12-01
End date: 2016-08-31
Duration (months): 69.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2500000.0
EU funding (EUR): 2500000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Never before has media entertainment been so abundantly accessible to children. In this project, I propose an entirely new theoretical model to understand entertainment processing and effects. The model enables us to simultaneously investigate: (a) how and why certain types of media entertainment may influence certain children, (b) which children are particularly susceptible to positive, which to negative, and which to both positive and negative entertainment effects, and (c) how children s social environment can maximize positive and minimize negative entertainment effects on children. The project involves a longitudinal panel study among 900 Dutch families. To measure the variables in the model, we will use some well-established survey instruments and neuropsychological tests. We will also employ two less conventional methods (coded media-use diaries and experience sampling methods) that may enhance serendipity in the development of our theory-advancing insights. We will use state-of-the art data-analytic techniques (e.g., multi-level and latent-growth curve modelling) to analyse the data. Although adventurous, this transdisciplinary project, the first in its kind, has great theoretical significance. If the assumptions of my model are supported, it may lead to a fundamental re-evaluation of earlier media-effects theories and research on children. The project will also have tremendous social relevance, not only for parents, but also for programme makers, educators, and the society as a whole. After all, only if we truly understand why, how, and which children are influenced by certain types of media entertainment, are we able to adequately target prevention and intervention strategies at these children.

Keywords: children,media effects,media psychology,entertainment theory
Spinning in the Era of the Spinning Wheel 1400-1800 (SESW)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The study of the human past
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2009-AdG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-06-01
End date: 2015-05-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 823150.38
EU funding (EUR): 823150.38
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

From the introduction of the spinning wheel to England during the later Middle Ages to its eclipse by the powered spinning machine early in the nineteenth century, hand-spun yarn was vital to the success of the textile industries that dominated English manufacturing. Indeed, hand spinning of wool, flax and ultimately cotton became the principal income-generating activity pursued by women. For many of those women, it was also an essential means of furnishing their own families with textiles. Yet the history of spinning in the period has never been the subject of a major study in its own right. Spinning in the Era of the Spinning Wheel aims to rectify this anomaly. Its objective is to provide a comprehensive history of hand spinning in England between 1400 and 1800 that approaches the subject from the whole range of relevant perspectives, treating it as a practice that was at one and the same time material, technological, economic, commercial, legal, cultural, gendered, and global. This will involve an approach that is multi-disciplinary, embracing historical, literary, legal, technological and scientific approaches.

Keywords: material culture,textiles,gender,manufacturing
Grammar-Based Robust Natural Language Processing (GRAMPLUS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The Human Mind and its complexity
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2009-AdG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-06-01
End date: 2015-05-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1910998.0
EU funding (EUR): 1910998.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

From the late &apos;50s until the early &apos;70s, theoretical linguistics, computational linguistics, and psycholinguistics, were united by a common model based on Chomskian transformational generative grammar formalism. This consensus fell apart in the later 70s, because of disagreements about the role of semantics. Formal syntax has abandoned semantics and any interest in formal constraint. Semantically based functional and cognitive theories of grammar are agnostic about formalism. Current psycholinguistic theories mainly ignore formal linguistic theory, while in computational linguistics, the dominant models are generally low-level finite-state or context-free systems that are known to to be incomplete with respect to the full range of of human language. While the latter methods, aided by machine-learning, have made considerable progress in practical applications such as automatic speech recognition, machine translation, and parsing, they place inherent limits on performance that are already yielding near-asymptotic performance in some applications. The aim of the proposal is to restore grammatical theory to its necessary place in the theory of human language behaviour, by providing a more restricted theory of constructions than others on offer. This formalism is both efficiently parsable, and expressive enough to support semantic interpretation. The project seeks both to establish the explanatory adequacy of the theory in linguistic terms, and to generalize existing treebank-based computational models derived by supervised learning methods. It uses unsupervised and semi-supervised methods based on unlabeled data. A crucial component will be a fully articulated Natural Semantics closely related to the surface grammar, supporting entailment directly.

Keywords: computational linguistics,theory of grammar,natural language processing
Living with Difference in Europe - Making Communities out of Strangers in an era of super-mobility and super-diversity (LIVEDIFFERENCE)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Environment and society
Countries involved: United Kingdom,United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2009-AdG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-06-01
End date: 2014-05-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2181400.0
EU funding (EUR): 2181400.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

We are witnessing unprecedented levels of mobility (within and beyond the European Union) and population change. In this context, how we develop the capacity to live with difference is the key question of the 21st century. It is this fundamental research question which this proposal addresses (an issue that is particularly pertinent given rising levels of insecurity generated by post 9/11 terrorism and the current global financial crisis). This will be achieved by the generation of a new body of information and understanding about the extent and nature of everyday encounters with difference through five inter-linked projects, each collecting original empirical data in the UK and Poland. My vision is to advance the theorization of meaningful contact by using this data about spatial practices of encounter and intersectionality to shed new light on mostly unevidenced interdisciplinary theories of cosmopolitanism; and to develop further an innovative social topographic approach for transcending conventional comparative research perspectives by producing a sophisticated model of the complex webs of connection across the research locations, integrating the findings from a post-colonial and post-communist state. I will develop new horizons in methodological practice through the development of biographical timelines, and audio diaries to capture qualitative longitudinal data; video-elicitation of encounters with difference; and radical spatial experiments to create meaningful contact. The findings will provide an integrated evidence base about everyday understandings of difference and spatial practices of encounter that will inform, and nuance, European policies and strategies for living with difference. This programme will be unique internationally and will open up new directions in the interdisciplinary study of cosmopolitanism.