Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Phosphorene functionalization: a new platform for advanced multifunctional materials (PHOSFUN)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Panel description: New materials and new synthetic approaches, structure-properties relations, solid state chemistry, molecular architecture, organic chemistry
Countries involved: Italy
Call: ERC Advanced Grant (ERC-2014-ADG, 2014)
Start date: 2015-07-01
End date: 2019-06-30
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1995554.0
EU funding (EUR): 1995554.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

2D materials have attracted a great deal of interest due to their variety of applications. Since its discovery in 2004, graphene has monopolized the attention given the unparalleled combination of outperforming structural and functional properties which pave the way for a plethora of different applications. Though its applicability in micro- and nanoelectronic has been later demonstrated to be strongly limited due to its inherent lack of a band gap. This limitation could be overcome using phosphorene, a recently discovered 2D sheet formed by phosphorus atoms prepared by exfoliation of black phosphorus and endowed with a natural band gap. Up to now, only theoretical and basic research has been carried out without the demonstration of reliable and reproducible implementation into real electronic devices. The PHOSFUN proposal focuses the unexplored chemical reactivity of phosphorene and gathers together chemists mastering the chemistry of phosphorus with physicists expert in advanced nanostructured systems. First, we aim to set-up a scalable and reproducible synthesis of mono and multilayer phosphorene. Then the functionalization of phosphorene with organic and inorganic moieties will be carried out. Doping the phosphorene will provide new functionalized heterostructured 2D sheets. The functionality of the innovative advanced 2D materials will be validated by implanting phosphorene derivatives into different device platforms addressed to applications in material science, catalysis, microelectronics and optoelectronic devices. The final aim of the project is to demonstrate the feasibility of a chain-of-value based on phosphorene platform from synthesis to device realization and implementation. Our results will give an overview on how the chemical and physical properties of phosphorene may be modulated. This will expand enormously the fundamental knowledge on phosphorus-based materials and will open the way to novel applications in different areas.

Keywords: phosphorus chemistry,2d materials,structure reactivity relationships
Deciphering RAdio NOn-thermal Emission on the Largest scales (DRANOEL)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Universe sciences
Panel description: Astro-physics/-chemistry/-biology; solar system; planetary systems; stellar, galactic and extragalactic astronomy; cosmology; space sciences; astronomical instrumentation and data
Countries involved: Germany,Italy,Italy
Call: ERC Starting Grant (ERC-2016-STG, 2016)
Start date: 2017-09-01
End date: 2023-08-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1496250.0
EU funding (EUR): 1037250.0
Participants: 3
Project status: SIGNED

This proposal aims to understand the origin of the radio emission detected in the most massive objects in our Universe: galaxy clusters. The extreme physical conditions in the intra-cluster medium of galaxy clusters are beyond anything achievable in any laboratory on Earth. The space in between the galaxies is filled with an extremely hot and diluted gas that hosts the largest-scale magnetic fields known so far. A big challenge of modern astrophysics is understanding the origin of radio emission spread over huge swathes in some clusters. This emission is a mystery because it requires relativistic electrons moving around magnetic field lines, but both the origin of the magnetic fields and of the electrons are unknown. Absolutely fundamental to the understanding of the radio emission are a detailed knowledge of the magnetic fields and of the energy spectrum of the emitting particles. We are stepping into a new era of observational astronomy, in which surveys will be conducted rather than single pointed observations. This survey era is changing our approach to observational data. It enables to perform all-sky studies but calls for numerical and technological efforts for the data handling. Taking advantage of the advent of new radio and X-ray facilities, such as LOFAR, the JVLA, ASKAP, and eROSITA, this project wants to understand the origin of the radio emission, its evolution and its connections with the cluster dynamics. We have today the unprecedented opportunity to discover the physical processes at work in these unique environments, that link the micro-physical processes at work in galaxy clusters with the clusters' macro-physics. The proposed study will address fundamental questions not restricted to the physics of galaxy clusters but having impact on several inter-connected physical disciplines, such as cosmology, astro-particle physics and plasma physics.

Keywords: non thermal emission,magnetic fields,radio observations
Revisiting funerary practices: A methodological approach to the study of funerary sequences and social organisation in the Neolithic Near East, integrating forensic experiments in archaeo-anthropology (ArchFarm)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Global Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Social Sciences and Humanities
Countries involved: Australia,France
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2017, 2017)
Start date: 2018-10-01
End date: 2021-09-30
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 270918.0
EU funding (EUR): 270918.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

ArchFarm aims to expand the methodological principles of funerary archaeology and apply this innovative approach to interpret Neolithic Near Eastern burials. Funerary practices provide a valuable insight into social organisation and ideology of past societies. A major deficiency is that the archaeological record only shows the final deposition of human remains. Funerary practices are not often considered as a dynamic process that consists of several stages over a length of time. In addition, a confident interpretation of funerary treatment before deposition is currently very difficult due to the lack of experimental research. In order to reconstruct the sequence of funerary actions, ArchFarm will develop and test a protocol for the identification of pre-depositional treatment such as different forms of mummification. During the outgoing phase, controlled and repetitive experiments of human body decay will be conducted at the Australian Body Farm, the only human decomposition facility in the world that is connected to an archaeological department and combines archaeological questions with forensic science. The new methods will then be applied to Neolithic Near Eastern burials which are known for body part manipulations such as skull removal. During the incoming phase, skeletal remains from several Neolithic Near Eastern sites will be analysed. The results will be combined with ethnological research to increase our understanding of social choices and ideology behind certain funerary actions. ArchFarm is an interdisciplinary study that will create methodological novelties relevant to several periods. Based on a combination of archaeo-anthropology, forensic science and ethno-archaeology, this study will produce a more holistic narrative of funerary practices. In addition, ArchFarm will create the opportunity for communication and outreach on the subject of ‘dying, death and mourning in past and present times’.

Keywords: actualistic experiments,funerary practices,neolithic near east,pre depositional treatment,social differentiation,mummification,anatolia
Virtual Proximity and Collaboration (VIRCOLLAB)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Economic Sciences
Countries involved: France
Call: Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships (IF-EF) (H2020-MSCA-IF-2015, 2015)
Start date: 2016-09-01
End date: 2018-08-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 173076.0
EU funding (EUR): 173076.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This research program aims to enhance understanding of the effects of virtual proximity on knowledge spillover, by studying how distant researchers interacting together virtually at an online event affects subsequent knowledge co-production and diffusion, respectively using collaborative publication and citation behaviour as proxies. Similar to physical proximity that relies on face-to-face interactions between individuals to establish potential collaborative links, virtual conferences attempt to create a virtual sense of spatial proximity. Thus, this proposal introduces a new dimension of proximity – virtual proximity. Although it lacks the direct connections to other attendees afforded by physical conferences, virtual proximity is defined as a setting where individuals can still interact together virtually on a common topic of interest. A hybrid research methodology is used for the project, with one part consisting of quantitative analysis using primarily archival data, and the second part consisting of qualitative interviews to not only substantiate the quantitative results but also to better understand the underlying mechanisms. To mitigate endogeneity issues, I will use a difference-in-differences model to contrast a sample of researchers who participated in virtual conferences to a matched sample of qualitatively similar sample of researchers – in terms of research area, prior productivity, prior citations and experience – who did not attend, before and after the virtual meeting. Given path dependence of research, the finding of positive relationships would imply that over time the cumulative effect on knowledge spillover from virtual proximity has a significant impact in steering the research path of participants. Moreover, the results would also suggest that even when researchers are proximate virtually for a short period of time, they can reap similar collaborative benefits to permanent and temporary colocation.

Keywords: collaborations
Towards acoustic metafoams for broad-range sound insulation (METAFOAM)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Proof of concept grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Products and processes engineering
Panel description: Product and process design, chemical, civil, environmental, mechanical, vehicle engineering, energy processes and relevant computational methods
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call: ERC Proof of Concept Grant (ERC-2019-PoC, 2019)
Start date: 2020-07-01
End date: 2022-06-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 150000.0
EU funding (EUR): 150000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Sound pollution is an omni-present problem in our modern society that affects our well-being and the quality of life. Technical solutions to reduce the impact of sound in a broad frequency range are therefore of vital importance. Moreover, solutions should be economically attractive, since the volumes of sound insulation required in our society are extremely large. Acoustic foams are nowadays one of the best available solution towards this problem, but they are mainly effective in the mid- and high-frequency regime. Novel technical solutions that target the lower frequency regime are therefore urgently needed. Within the ERC-AdG project MECHMAM, a possible solution has been proposed in the research on dynamical metamaterials. One particular category proposed in that ERC-project are acoustic metafoams. This novel class of materials are enriched acoustic foams, whereby a mass is implemented in the cavities of the foams. This combines two effective mechanisms, i.e. visco-thermal dissipation and local resonance. Interestingly, the project showed on a model-basis that the interaction between these two operating mechanisms may lead to an amplification of the damping within the material, leading to a potentially very efficient sound insulator. Within the ERC-AdG-project, most findings were still theoretical or model-based. This PoC-project aims to assess this basic idea and bring it to practice. In order to reach this objective, attention will be given to the metafoam manufacturing methods having potential for large volume production and the validation of the metafoam actual performance. Parallel to the technical activities, a competitive market analysis will be carried out to establish the IPR and the commercialization plan, in collaboration with industrial and societal partners. We will further explore technology transfer towards various end-users. Market outreach will be performed so that the metafoam products and services reach their potential customers.

Keywords: metamaterial,acoustic foam,sound insulation,noise mitigation,low frequency
Population Health Information Research Infrastructure (PHIRI)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Research Infrastructures
Theme: Research infrastructures
Action type: Coordination and support actions
Countries involved: Austria,Ireland,Ireland,Germany,Spain,Spain,Estonia,Italy,Malta,Serbia,Bulgaria,Moldova, Republic of,Norway,Greece,Lithuania,Poland,Romania,Slovakia,Bosnia and Herzegovina,Finland,Croatia,Hungary,Slovenia,Sweden,Belgium,Latvia,France,France,Czechia,Netherlands,United Kingdom,Portugal,Luxembourg
Call: Mobilisation of Research Infrastructures for the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency (H2020-IBA-INFRA-CORONA-2020, 2020)
Start date: 2020-11-01
End date: 2023-10-31
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 4999577.5
EU funding (EUR): 4980327.5
Participants: 39
Project status: SIGNED

A structured European mechanism for COVID-19 exchange to organize and share information between countries is urgently needed, especially in the area of population health. Information on the broader impacts of COVID-19 on the health of populations is needed to facilitate multidisciplinary European research and underpin decision making. PHIRI aims to facilitate and support open, interconnected, and data-driven research through the sharing of cross-country COVID-19 population health information and exchange of best practices related to data collection, curation, processing, use and reuse following ELSI and FAIR principles. It has the objective: to provide a Health Information portal for COVID-19 with FAIR catalogues on health and health care data, to provide structured exchange between countries on COVID-19 best practices and expertise, and to promote interoperability and tackle health information inequalities. To this end, it builds with national nodes a Health Information portal (WP4) on data sources, population health studies, training material and courses, considering ethical and legal aspects. The portal is supported by WP7 that provides the technological substrate for the development of a federated research infrastructure. WP5 develops a consolidated framework to assess the direct and indirect impacts of COVID-19 on population wellbeing, morbidity and mortality. WP6 will look at COVID-19 impacts in specific subgroups by conducting research through use cases of immediate relevance and facilitates research by making scalable, reproducible methods available within PHIRI. WP8, the Rapid Exchange Forum, provides swift responses to research and policy questions that are raised in countries to handle the COVID-19 pandemic. WP9 gains insights in possible future health impacts of the coronavirus outbreak by modelling scenarios for national situations. This will be carried out in close collaboration with different types of actors and initiatives across Europe (WP3).

Keywords: covid 19,population health,health research,international comparisons,metadata,data models,public health,research infrastructures
Bioprinting Complex Tissue-mimicking Architectures (BioArchitecture)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Proof of concept grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Products and processes engineering
Panel description: Product and process design, chemical, civil, environmental, mechanical, vehicle engineering, energy processes and relevant computational methods
Countries involved: Germany
Call: Call for proposals for ERC Proof of Concept Grant (ERC-2020-PoC, 2020)
Start date: 2021-08-01
End date: 2023-01-31
Duration (months): 18.0
Total project cost (EUR): 150000.0
EU funding (EUR): 150000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

Over the past ten years, 3D bioprinting has emerged as a powerful tool to fabricate human tissue models ex vivo. These models can be used for drug discovery, to obtain a better understanding of physiological and pathological mechanisms, and in the future to replace diseased or injured tissues and organs. To successfully fabricate functional tissues, 3D bioprinted constructs should emulate the anatomical features of the native tissue’s extracellular matrix (ECM). However, current bioprinting technologies can neither mimic the nano- and microscale fibrillar ECM, nor replicate the anisotropic and spatially organized architecture and gradients of complex tissues, such as cartilage, cornea, and the heart. Within BioArchitecture, we aim to develop a novel 3D bioprinter platform, capable of bioprinting hierarchical and organized biomaterial constructs at high resolution to instruct and guide cell growth and tissue maturation. The BioArchitecture platform will allow researchers and pharmaceutical companies to perform better drugs target identification in native-like bioprinted human tissues ex vivo, which will better predict the efficacy and safety of the tested drugs and significantly decrease healthcare costs by reducing the required amount of personnel, infrastructure, an animal experiments associated to a new drug development.

Keywords: 3d bioprinting,magnetic orientation,tissue model,anisogel,3d printing
The effects of early-life adversity on cognition: A comparative approach. (COMSTAR)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: The Human Mind and Its Complexity
Panel description: Cognitive science, psychology, linguistics, theoretical philosophy
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call: ERC Advanced Grant (ERC-2014-ADG, 2014)
Start date: 2015-10-01
End date: 2021-06-30
Duration (months): 69.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2080040.0
EU funding (EUR): 2080040.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This research programme will investigate how adversity experienced early in life affects cognition in adulthood in two different long-lived species, humans and European starlings. Previous research has suggested that there might be cross-species similarities in the way early-life adversity shapes cognition, but the extent of commonalities has not been systematically investigated. I will focus on three cognitive domains where we have some evidence that early-life adversity may be important: impulsivity, dietary cognition, and threat-related cognition. For each domain, I will characterise how the trait relates to different facets of early-life adversity. These will be measured using socioeconomic and familial variables in humans, but in young starlings they will be experimentally manipulated via cross-fostering and hand-rearing siblings apart so that they experience different early histories. To measure the adult outcomes in each cognitive domain, I will develop novel behavioural paradigms with directly analogous versions in the two species. I will also examine whether telomere length, a cellular measure of cumulative stress exposure, statistically mediates the relationships between early-life adversity and the cognitive outcomes, thus testing recent theoretical models based on psychological adaptation to ones own physical state. In the second phase of the programme, I will focus on adaptive questions: do the observed effects of early-life adversity simply represent pathology, or can they be considered as adaptive responses? To test this, I will create ‘novel worlds’: experimental environments whose parameters I can vary systematically to establish whether there are circumstances under which individuals who have experienced early-life stress actually perform better than those from more benign developmental backgrounds. Thus, I will move beyond cataloguing the cognitive consequences of early-life adversity, and begin to explain them.

Keywords: early life adversity,comparative cognition
Fusion of Alternative Climate Models By Dynamical Synchronization (COCLIMAT)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Environment and Geosciences
Countries involved: Norway
Call: Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships (IF-EF) (H2020-MSCA-IF-2014, 2014)
Start date: 2015-05-01
End date: 2017-10-28
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 196400.4
EU funding (EUR): 196400.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Climate models of the sort used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) all predict global warming over the next century, but differ widely in their detailed predictions for any specific region of the globe. The state of the art is just to run the models separately and form a weighted average of their outputs. A new approach put forward by the applicant is that of “supermodeling”: instead of just averaging the outputs of the models, the models are allowed to influence each other in run time. One must specify how much weight a given model gives to corresponding data in each other model. In a supermodel, the weights, or “connection coefficients” are given by a machine learning algorithm. That is one would use a collection of historical data to train the connections in the supermodel, so that the most reliable dynamical features of each model would be combined. Supermodeling is an instance of “chaos synchronization”, the phenomenon wherein chaotic systems can be made to follow corresponding trajectories by exchanging surprisingly little information. In prior investigations with supermodels, it was determined that they are particularly useful for predicting variability, like that in the El Nino cycle in the Pacific. The proposed project would use a supermodel to predict variability in the Atlantic sector due to changes in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), which has a large effect on climate in the surrounding region on multi-decadal time scales. Existing climate models differ widely in their predictions for AMOC. The proposed application will require changes in the way supermodels are formed and trained so as to focus on the positions and gross characteristics of coherent structures such as ocean currents. The models that will be used to build the supermodel will be a) a collection of European models, and b) a combination of U.S. and European models from which a supermodel is already being built.

Keywords: chaos synchronization,connectionism,interactive ensembles,multi model,atlantic meridional overturning circulation amoc,coherent structures