Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
THE SOCIAL MEANING OF IMAGES: ADVERTISING POSTERS IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY IN PARIS (SOCIALMAPONPARIS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, 2009)
Start date: 2010-09-01
End date: 2012-04-30
Duration (months): 20.0
Total project cost (EUR): 132538.0
EU funding (EUR): 132538.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

With this fellowship proposal I intend to explore the cultural context of the city of Paris in the first half of the 20th century, through the analysis of a specific cultural object: the advertising poster. My research will look at these posters as “social events” that create new historical identities through a communicative and symbolic efficacy. In this way I analyze these images as a real source of documentation of social practices, and as main social actors in the communicative interactions. My work will necessarily be interdisciplinary, merging together the textual meaning sciences and a narrative approach with the history of graphic arts and social-interaction-oriented methodologies. My research will also concern the relation between art and advertising during the birth of a modern city. In general I can state that, from their beginnings in the 19th century with Manet’s posters, the relation between the poster and Paris is a primal binomial that engendered the future evolution of advertisting arts, with influences still visible today. This is true not only in Paris but also in many other European cities. This is the reason why, by studying the cultural identity of Paris, we will also be studying an important aspect of a more general European identity.

Keywords: art history,graphic arts,visual studies,visual socio-semiotics,textual sciences,narrative science,rhetoric,audiovisual communication
Retailer Market Power and Competition Policy (RETAIL)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, 2009)
Start date: 2010-06-01
End date: 2012-05-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 222047.2
EU funding (EUR): 222047.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The expanse of large retailers in recent decades leads to the high concentration in retail market, and the ever-growing market power of large retailers has caused serious concerns on detrimental impacts against small retailers. However, competition authorities face a dilemma in identifying market conditions under which the increase of retailer market power could impair competition. This research aims to provide normative analysis for this purpose, by developing a new model on retail competition based on consumer choices, and characterizing interactions between retailer buyer power against suppliers and seller power against competitors. The research project is based on the preceding work by the applicant, Dr. Zhijun Chen and Professor Patrick Rey, and would be conducted by a research group based on the host institute, the department of economics in Ecole Polytechnique, which consists of the scientist in charge, Professor Patrick Rey, the applicant and other researchers with closely related research interests.

Keywords: retailer market power,competition policy,industrial organization
SMA Cytec Multilayer Prepreg (SMACMP)

Framework: FP7 — Cooperation
Programme: Joint Technology Initiatives (Annex IV-SP1)
Theme: Public-private partnerships
Destination: Clean Sky
Action type: Article 171 of the Treaty
Partnership: CLEAN-SKY (Art-185)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (SP1-JTI-CS-2009-01, 2009)
Start date: 2010-01-01
End date: 2010-10-31
Duration (months): 10.0
Total project cost (EUR): 149700.0
EU funding (EUR): 74850.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The use of advanced composite materials brings to the aircraft design the benefits coming from a reduction in part counts and a simplification in the inspection and maintenance procedures. Hail, bird impacts and runway debris represents a big threat for aircraft structures and their effects shall be taken into account in the design phase leading to a redundant design and reducing the advantages coming from the use of CFRP. This problem affects in particular the regional aircrafts with their reduced fuselage thickness. CFRPs reinforced with a structure capable to increase significantly the impact-resistance and the damage tolerance characteristics could solve most of the problems coming from the use of composite materials on sensible aircraft parts. In particular, the adoption of a metallic mesh embedded into a CFRP panel seems to be one of the most promising solutions to improve the overall performance; in particular, the SMA fibres offer the possibility to realise a high-performance composite allowing a significant increase of mechanical properties opening also the way to the multifunctionality of the future aircraft structures Cytec Engineered Materials (CEM), relying on the great experience acquired in decades of research, manufacturing and application of advanced epoxy systems to the aerospace market, can bring to this problem the know-how required to reach a smart and sustainable solution. CEM will select of the most suitable materials (carbon reinforcement, resin system and metallic mesh) and will identify a method for prepreg manufacturing. The activities will then be focused on manufacturing and characterization of coupons and small panels realised with the selected base constituents. Specific characterisation tests will be carried out to validate the results and the results will be summarized in a report including assessment and benefits.

Keywords: composite,prepreg,impact
Uniqueness of solutions of the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations for large sets of data (ULD3DNSE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, 2009)
Start date: 2010-10-01
End date: 2012-09-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 224727.2
EU funding (EUR): 224727.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations are the fundamental mathematical model of fluid flow. However, currently we only know that unique solutions exist for all time for &apos;small&apos; data (initial condition and forcing); for &apos;large&apos; data they can only be guaranteed to exist for a short time. The existence of unique smooth solutions that exist for all time for any choice of data is one of the Clay Foundation&apos;s Million Dollar Millennium Prize Problems, and is exceedingly hard. The goal of this proposal is to address the problem of uniqueness of solutions in a way that does not require a solution of this problem in full. We aim to show that the solutions are unique for certain large classes of data. More concretely, we aim to prove the following three results: (i) it is possible to verify uniqueness numerically (at least in theory) for any set of initial conditions that is bounded in H^1; (ii) for a fixed initial condition, a prevalent set of forcing functions give rise to unique solutions; and (iii) for a fixed forcing function, a dense set of complex initial conditions give rise to unique solutions. The result of (i) relies on showing that the property of uniqueness is in some sense robust, which we will prove in a way that generalises previous results obtained by the host. In (ii), &quot;prevalence&quot; is a probabilistic notion, introduced for various problems in dynamical systems, which means that one can describe something as happening &quot;with probability one&quot;. It is already know that this result is true if one replaces &quot;prevalent&quot; by &quot;dense&quot;, but a result valid &quot;almost surely&quot; will be more practically relevant. Objective (iii), density of initial conditions giving rise to unique solutions, is a high-profile problem, which we will treat using results from the statistical theory of the equations developed in the 1980s.

Keywords: navier-stokes equations,uniqueness,regularity,prevalence,density,genericity
Seeking solutions for the artificial pancreas: new methods for improving continuous glucose monitoring and closed-loop postprandial glycaemic control. (SOLARE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, 2009)
Start date: 2010-10-01
End date: 2012-09-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 160793.0
EU funding (EUR): 160793.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Near-normoglycaemia has been established as the control objective for most patients with diabetes. Automated glucose control, the so-called artificial pancreas, would represent the ideal solution for attainment of therapeutic goals in diabetic patients. However, several challenges do exist to effectively realize closed-loop control of blood glucose. In this proposal, two key issues for the success of the artificial pancreas will be addressed: accuracy of continuous glucose monitors (CGM) and management of meals. CGM estimate plasma glucose from measurements taken in the interstitium. However, variations of the plasma/interstitium glucose exchange may occur during dynamic conditions, explaining the poor performance of CGM in the hypoglycaemic range. The glucose clamp technique will be used in diabetic subjects to obtain controlled variations of glycaemia at different levels of insulinemia. Models of blood-interstitium glucose transport will be built and incorporated in advanced calibrations strategies aiming at improving monitors accuracy, as required for closed-loop glycaemic control. Besides, meals are one of the major perturbations to counteract and the main challenge found in current clinical validations of the few existing prototypes of an artificial pancreas. Clinical studies have demonstrated the ability of small manual pre-meal ‘priming’ boluses to reduce postprandial excursions during closed-loop control. Set inversion algorithms have proved in silico its efficiency to compute insulin administration to achieve a tight postprandial control with no hypoglycemia especially for big meals. A rigorous clinical testing of the set-inversion-based meal-control will be carried out and incorporated into closed-loop control strategies. Significant advances in postprandial control are expected. Improvement of the accuracy of CGM under dynamic conditions, as well as of algorithms for the control of meal perturbations, will represent a step ahead closing the loop.

Keywords: diabetology,process control,biomedical engineering
Measuring and modelling nitrous acid (HONO) emissions at Dome C, Antarctica (ANTARCTIC HONO)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, 2009)
Start date: 2010-06-01
End date: 2012-05-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 165145.6
EU funding (EUR): 165145.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The goal of this research project is to understand the nitrous acid (HONO or HNO2) emissions from snow in Antarctica and their contributions to the oxidative capacity of the Antarctic atmosphere. Nitrous acid is an important atmospheric trace gas. Upon photo-dissociation, it forms hydroxyl radical (OH) and nitrogen monoxide (NO). It therefore enters both the HOx (OH + HO2) and NOx (NO + NO2) budgets which are key budgets when considering the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere. In Antarctica, the oxidative capacity governs for instance the oxidation of marine biogenic sulphur emissions (dimethyl sulphide, DMS) into sulphur aerosols which may cause regional climatic feedbacks via their interactions with solar radiations and cloud microphysics. Oxidation also leads to atmospheric processing and/or post-depositional processing which to date prevent from interpreting – in terms of past atmospheric changes – the nitrate, sulphur, hydrogen peroxide and formaldehyde concentrations recorded in glacial ice. The role of HONO in the HOx and NOx budgets as well as its contribution to the oxidative capacity in Polar Regions is not yet understood. In this project, HONO emissions will be measured in central Antarctica at the French-Italian research station Concordia (75°S, also know as Dome C) using – for the first time – a recently developed Long Path Absorption Photometer (LOPAP). All the parameters influencing HONO emissions will also be measured during the field campaign. These measurements as well as chemical, physical and physico-chemical processes driving HONO emissions and results of previous laboratory experiments will be subsequently gathered in a numerical “box” model. The model being able to reproduce measured HONO emissions, it will be possible to understand the role of HONO in the HOx and NOx budgets and quantify its contribution to the oxidative capacity of the Atmosphere at Dome C and by extension in Polar Regions.

Keywords: atmospheric chemistry (climate change),paleoclimate (climate change),atmospheric physics (climate change)
Spatially-Implicit Modelling of Plankton Ecosystems (SIMPLE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, 2009)
Start date: 2010-12-01
End date: 2012-11-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 165645.6
EU funding (EUR): 165645.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The aim of SIMPLE is to investigate and parameterise the influence of small-scale spatial variability in plankton concentrations on the behaviour of large-scale mean fields. This is necessary for accurate plankton ecosystem models as biogeochemical subunits of predictive climate models, which must account for the influence of plankton ecosystems on the biosphere, and as tools to predict the large-scale effects of climate change on sensitive marine ecosystems, which support economically-critical resources. SIMPLE will achieve this aim in two stages. First, we use spatially-resolved numerical simulation to investigate the influence of small-scale spatial variability on mean field behaviour (the ‘biological Reynolds fluxes’), and how these fluxes may be parameterised in coarse-resolution models using second moment closure (SMC) methods. Second, we groundtruth the SMC method by fitting coarse-resolution models to in situ and satellite data from the BATS (Bermuda Atlantic Time Series) region and attempting to predict independent data. The objectives are to quantify the ecosystem fluxes due to unresolved biological variability, develop SMC parameterisations of these fluxes, and assess the predictive benefits in a context applicable to large areas of the oceans. SIMPLE will fulfil FP7 directives for collaborative research into the Environment (‘Cooperation’ block) as well as frontier science (‘Ideas’) and training/career development for the applicant (‘People’).

Keywords: natural sciences,plankton ecosystems,spatial variability,mean field dynamics,nonlinearity,biological reynolds fluxes,parameterisation,moment closure
Mechanobiology of Aplysia neurons (MAPNE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Ireland
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, 2009)
Start date: 2011-03-07
End date: 2013-03-06
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 178374.2
EU funding (EUR): 178374.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Memory loss is a central symptom in different diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, and represents a significant social and economic burden for a large percentage of European citizens. Neuronal cell adhesion molecules belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgCAMs) are known to be involved in brain development processes, and also contribute to the synaptic alterations connected with memory formation in adults. The goal of this project is to elucidate the molecular, biophysical and cellular mechanisms of directed movements of neuronal growth cones, and in particular how, upon binding to the extracellular matrix or to other cells, IgCAMs control cytoskeletal dynamics and therefore synaptic plasticity. The central hypothesis of this proposal is that adhesion-mediated growth cone guidance involves a force transduced by the cytoskeleton upon IgCAM adhesion, and that this mechanical signal further stimulates Src protein tyrosine kinase activation. In order to test this hypothesis, state-of-the-art techniques will be combined in a highly interdisciplinary manner. This project lies at the interface between mechanics, cell biology, biophysics and surface physics. The proposer will use a well-established cellular model system for growth cone studies (Aplysia), state-of-the-art molecular tools (recombinant IgCAM and Src biosensor) and a high-resolution force measurement system (Atomic Force Microscopy, AFM) coupled with FRET imaging. By applying the first molecule-specific AFM measurements to live neuronal growth cones, the proposer will measure the forces transduced by IgCAMs to the growth cone cytoskeleton and at correlating them with Src activity in real time, thereby proving the force-dependence of neuronal connectivity. This proposal is related to many of the FP7 research objectives, such as “Nanosciences, Nanotechnologies, Materials and New Production Technologies&quot; and &quot;Health”, specifically “Research on the Brain and Related Diseases, Human Development and Ageing”

Keywords: molecular biophysics,physiological biophysics,igcam,adhesion,mechanobiology,atomic force microscopy,single-molecule,spectroscopy,cytoskeleton,aplysia,neuron,growth cone,guidance,fret,fluorescence
Archaic and classical Greek Amphoras in north-western Mediterranean area and central Europe: diffusion, origin and contents (AGAME)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, 2009)
Start date: 2010-10-01
End date: 2012-09-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 229247.2
EU funding (EUR): 229247.2
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

The transport amphoras are of great importance for the investigation of the commercial activities in ancient times since they use for the transport of wine, oil, meat, fish, and other perishable organic materials. Moreover, they are tangible traces of the movement of goods and peoples and their intermingling. However, their investigation in Central Europe has not been taken up to the same extent as in the Mediterranean area in Archaic and Classical period (600-400 BC), the time when extensive long-distance exchange develops throughout Europe. The AGAME project will focus on the investigation of Greek amphoras through a novel combination of archaeological, historical and archaeometric methods. The objectives of the project are: to study the unpublished Greek amphoras from Central Europe; to compare these amphoras with examples known from north-western Mediterranean area (North Italy/South France); to analyse residual contents of these amphoras through biomolecular archaeology. These objectives will be achieved through archaeological data collection and residue analysis of amphoras from Central Europe and comparative analysis with Mediterranean materials. The outcome of the project will allow: to specify the geographical diffusion and the origin of the Mediterranean alimentary products in Central Europe; to locate the routes of the Mediterranean products from the North Italy and/or South France coasts towards Central Europe, to investigate the means of transport and to identify the commercial and cultural middlemen in this exchange; to single out the primary contents of the amphoras. The principal aim of the project is investigate archaeology of perishable or non-recordable data of European history involving economic, social and alimentary aspects of the period of the first large-scale commercial and cultural contacts between Mediterranean and Continental European worlds, great movements and integration of peoples and present Occidental culture origin.

Keywords: archaeology,comparative archaeology,ancient history,history of the agriculture,archaeometry,amphoras,mediterranean,europe,celts,greeks,organic chemistry,ancient economy,ancient trade
The role of oxidative stress for the evolution of traits generated by melanins (MELANIN EVOLUTION)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, 2009)
Start date: 2010-10-08
End date: 2012-10-07
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 166145.6
EU funding (EUR): 166145.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Melanins are the most common pigments accounting for the color of animals. Melanic traits often evolve as reliable signals of genotypic quality. It has been proposed that this process depends on the levels of a key intracellular antioxidant (i.e. glutathione; GSH), which are low during the production of one of the main types of melanin (i.e. eumelanin), but high during the production of the other form (i.e. pheomelanin). Therefore, the current model for the evolution of melanic traits gives a key role to oxidative stress, but it has not been properly tested yet. The project proposed here aims at testing this evolutionary scenario. First, an experiment will be performed with captive house sparrows Passer domesticus in order to determine if an experimental reduction of GSH levels leads to a higher expression of a reliable eumelanic signal and a mobilization of alternative antioxidant resources only in birds of high genotypic quality. The second objective will be to determine how the availability of an amino acid with antioxidant activity that serves as precursor for a substrate for pheomelanin (i.e. methionine) and that of an amino acid without antioxidant activity (i.e. phenylalanine) that serves as precursor for a substrate of melanins, interact to affect the expression of a eumelanic signal in house sparrows under different conditions of exogenous oxidative stress. The third objective will be to determine how radioactive contamination affects the expression of, and role of sexual selection in reliable eumelanic and pheomelanic signals of great tits Parus major and barn swallows Hirundo rustica breeding in Chernobyl through decreases in GSH and thus increases in oxidative stress levels. Finally, an investigation in a breeding colony of barn swallows of known ages will be performed in order to test the hypothesis that the reliability of pheomelanic signals increases with age because of an accumulation of free radical effects and thus a decrease in GSH levels.

Keywords: antioxidants,birds,eumelanin,genotypic quality,glutathione,natural sciences,oxidative stress,pheomelanin,senescence,sexual selection,signal reliability,radioactive contamination