Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast EUV probe for Molecular Reaction Dynamics (ULTRAFASTEUVPROBE)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Physical and Analytical Chemical sciences
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111012, 2012)
Start date: 2012-11-01
End date: 2018-10-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1499000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1499000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This research is aimed at developing and validating a novel approach for time resolved imaging of structural dynamics, using single photon Coulomb explosion imaging (CEI) with ultrafast extreme UV (EUV) pulses to probe laser initiated ultrafast structural rearrangement and fragmentation dynamics. The emerging field of ultrafast EUV pulses attracts increasing amount of scientific attention, predominantly concentrated on understanding aspects of the generation process, as well as on measuring record breaking attosecond pulses at increasingly high photon energies and photon flux. I propose to direct the unique properties of ultrafast EUV pulses towards time resolved studies of molecular reaction dynamics that are inaccessible with conventional ultrafast laser systems. Time resolved single photon CEI will make possible the visualization of complex dynamics in polyatomic systems; specifically, how laser driven electronic excitation couples into nuclear motion in a wide range of molecular systems. In contrast to earlier attempts, in which CEI was driven with intense near-IR pulses that can alter the observed dynamics, the proposed single photon CEI will remove the masking intense field effects and provide a simple and general probe. A comprehensive experimental effort is proposed - to conduct a direct comparison of intense field CEI to the proposed single EUV photon approach. Successful implementation of this research will endow us with a new way to visualize and understand the underlying quantum mechanisms involved in chemical reactions. With this new technology I hope to be able to provide unique insight into molecular fragmentation and rearrangement dynamics during chemical reactions and to resolve long standing basic scientific questions, such as the concerted or sequential nature of double proton transfer in DNA base-pair models. Finally, the "table top" techniques developed in my lab will mature and become applicable to the emerging ultrafast EUV user facilities.

Keywords: high order harmonic generation,intense laser field,light matter interaction,ultrafast dynamics,femtosecond and attosecond timescales,coulomb explosion imaging,extreme uv,pump-probe spectoscopy
Subduction Initiation reconstructed from Neotethyan Kinematics (SINK): An iterative geological and numerical study of the driving forces behind plate tectonics (SINK)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Earth system science
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111012, 2012)
Start date: 2012-09-01
End date: 2017-08-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1499880.0
EU funding (EUR): 1499880.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The concept of Plate Tectonics, as fundamentally unifying to Earth Sciences as Darwin’s Evolution Theory is to Life Sciences, mathematically describes the complex evolution of Earth’s outer shell in terms of lithosphere plates and their interactions. There is no widely accepted dynamic mechanism, however, that explains why plate tectonics developed and continues. Subduction of oceanic lithosphere into the mantle, compensated by spreading of new oceanic lithosphere elsewhere is a key element of plate tectonics. Half of the subduction zones active today formed in the Cenozoic, and subduction initiation must be a common and fundamental element of plate tectonics. Geophysical models demonstrate that forcing is required to initiate subduction at weakness zones. Mechanisms producing this forcing remain unexplored, but may include clogging of existing subduction zones with continental lithosphere, formation of high plateaus as a result of absolute plate motions and arrival of mantle plumes below plates. I aim to identify the mechanisms that force subduction initiation, using a novel and multidisciplinary approach. (1) I will design a Natural Laboratory, in which subduction initiation events, absolute and relative plate motions, continental subduction and mantle plumes are reconstructed. The Alpine-Himalayan mountain range that formed during closure of the Neotethyan Ocean is an ideal natural laboratory in which subduction initiation events and geological expressions of all potential driving mechanisms have been and will be reconstructed. (2) To test whether the reconstructed geological ‘incidents’ are causally related, a Numerical Laboratory will be designed, to conduct numerical modeling experiments based on fundamental geophysics. SINK will iteratively integrate the natural and numerical laboratories to advance our understanding of the processes that drive subduction initiation, as an essential step towards a dynamic and quantitative model to explain plate tectonics.

Keywords: plate tectonics,geodynamics,neotethys,ophiolites,subduction,collision,plate reconstruction,numerical modeling
Statistical physics of dense particle systems in the absence of thermal fluctuations (D4PARTICLES)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Condensed matter physics
Countries involved: France
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111012, 2012)
Start date: 2012-10-01
End date: 2017-09-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1339800.0
EU funding (EUR): 1339800.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Frontier research in statistical mechanics and soft condensed matter focuses on systems of ever-increasing complexity. Among these are systems where microscopic dynamics are not controlled by thermal fluctuations, either because the sources of the fluctuations have not a thermal origin, or because “microscopic” sources of fluctuations are altogether absent. Practical applications comprise everyday products such as paints or foodstuff which are soft solids composed of dense suspensions of particles that are too large for thermal fluctuations to play any role. Non-Brownian “active” matter, obtained when particles internally produce motion, represents another growing field with applications in biophysics and soft matter. Because these systems all evolve far from equilibrium, there exists no general framework to tackle these problems theoretically from a fundamental perspective. I will develop a radically new approach to lay the foundations of a detailed theoretical understanding of the physics of a broad but coherent class of materials evolving far from equilibrium. To go beyond phenomenology, I will carry theoretical research to elucidate the physics of particle systems that are simultaneously Dense, Disordered, Driven and Dissipative—D4PARTICLES. By combining numerical analysis of model systems to fully microscopic statistical mechanics analysis, my overall aim is to discover the general principles governing the physics of athermal particle systems far from equilibrium and to reach a complete theoretical understanding and obtain predictive tools regarding the phase behavior, structure and dynamics of D4PARTICLES. Reaching a new level of theoretical understanding of a broad range of materials will impact fundamental research by opening up statistical physics to a whole new class of complex systems and should foster experimental activity towards design and quantitative characterization of large class of disordered solids and soft materials.

Keywords: rheology of soft matter,amorphous materials,granular materials,non-equilibrium dynamics,effective temperatures,driven systems.
Intelligent Shape Modeling (IMODEL)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Computer science and informatics
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111012, 2012)
Start date: 2012-09-01
End date: 2017-08-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1497441.88
EU funding (EUR): 1497441.88
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Digital 3D content creation and modeling has become an indispensable part of our technology-driven society. Any modern design and manufacturing process involves manipulation of digital 3D shapes. Many industries have been long expecting ubiquitous 3D as the next revolution in multimedia. Yet, contrary to “traditional” media such as digital music and video, 3D content creation and editing is not accessible to the general public, and 3D geometric data is not nearly as wide-spread as it has been anticipated. Despite extensive geometric modeling research in the past two decades, 3D modeling is still a restricted domain and demands tedious, time consuming and expensive work effort even from trained professionals, namely engineers, designers, and digital artists. Geometric modeling is reported to constitute one of the lowest-productivity components of product life cycle. The major reason for 3D shape modeling remaining inaccessible and tedious is that our current geometry representation and modeling algorithms focus on low-level mathematical properties of the shapes, entirely missing structural, contextual or semantic information. As a consequence, current modeling systems are unintuitive, inefficient and difficult for humans to work with. We believe that instead of continuing on the current incremental research path, a concentrated effort is required to fundamentally rethink the shape modeling process and re-align research agendas, putting high-level shape structure and function at the core. We propose a research plan that will lead to intelligent digital 3D modeling tools that integrate semantic knowledge about the objects being modeled and provide the user an intuitive and logical response, fostering creativity and eliminating unnecessary low-level manual modeling tasks. Achieving these goals will represent a fundamental change to our current notion of 3D modeling, and will finally enable us to leverage the true potential of digital 3D content for society.

Keywords: geometric modeling,interactive shape modeling,shape deformation,shape analysis
development and manufacturing of programmable electrical load and advanced PSM for electrical energy management testing in flight demo (DSOT300-125S)

Framework: FP7 — Cooperation
Programme: Joint Technology Initiatives (Annex IV-SP1)
Theme: Public-private partnerships
Destination: Clean Sky
Action type: Article 171 of the Treaty
Partnership: CLEAN-SKY (Art-185)
Countries involved: Italy
Call:  (SP1-JTI-CS-2011-03, 2011)
Start date: 2012-08-01
End date: 2016-01-31
Duration (months): 42.0
Total project cost (EUR): 97800.8
EU funding (EUR): 73350.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Today electrical system equipment are designed as “add-on” philosophy, they can draw electrical power from generators up to over load without any control of this request. Distribution system is transparent to this behaviour and it’s made by hardware devices providing wiring fault only in order to avoid a wiring escalation in case of wire fault. Generators are capable of 150% and 200% of nominal power for 5 minutes and 5 sec respectively. To meet these requirements generator are over-sized, anyway a long lasting overload request will be faced by shedding not flight safe essential landing load. This policy is called load managment The trend of “all-electrical” aircraft and green constraints calls for deep change in load management philosophy, the equipment will be useful during flight testing of EPC and flight demo. The current proposal is aligned to the new calls for greening and fully useful to develop a new generation Electrical power centre able to manage power and loads efficiently. Dana srl is proposing to develop a new Programmable Resistive Electrical Load with an Advanced Power Supply Module, having a 20 years experience on electrical load manufacturing, ensuring excellent reliability and easy to use GUI. This equipment will be named “DSOT300-125S” and will ensure fast response to input voltage transient ensuring optimum performances even testing an EPC in voltage chopping mode. Special request of qualification test will be fully satisfied, and the need for speed of loading the EPC will be ensured by a new analogue and digital redesign using solid state resistors specifically designed for this proposal. The equipment will be low temperature drift less than 0.1%. This equipment will be named “DSOT300-125S” and will ensure fast response to input voltage transient ensuring optimum performances even testing an EPC in voltage chopping mode.

Keywords: dana is proposing to develop a new generation load specifically designed for new generation epc testing. we are 20 years experience company in electronic load manufacturing .
Knowledge-based EFB for green flight trajectory decision aid (KLEAN)

Framework: FP7 — Cooperation
Programme: Joint Technology Initiatives (Annex IV-SP1)
Theme: Public-private partnerships
Destination: Clean Sky
Action type: Article 171 of the Treaty
Partnership: CLEAN-SKY (Art-185)
Countries involved: Italy
Call:  (SP1-JTI-CS-2011-03, 2011)
Start date: 2012-06-01
End date: 2014-07-31
Duration (months): 26.0
Total project cost (EUR): 745988.6
EU funding (EUR): 559491.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The MAIN OBJECTIVE of the KLEAN project is to develop a custom knowledge-based EFB (Electronic Flight Bag) with SW packages implementing Advanced Weather Radar Post-processor (AWRP) and QAI (Quasi-Artificial Intelligence) agent algorithms, provided by Selex Galileo, for green trajectory optimization (reduction of CO2 and NOX emissions as well as noise pollution). The EFB is also customized to include an ad hoc Graphical User Interface (GUI) for output presentation and pilot interaction and custom I/O interfaces to radar processor, external sensors/systems/database and the Mission/Flight simulator. To get this goal, the following SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES are aimed: Ob.1 - EFB overview, selection and purchasing Ob.2 - SW integration and refinement of AWRP algorithms Ob.3 - SW integration and refinement of QAI agent algorithm for green trajectory optimization Ob.4 - Design and implementation of a GUI interface for result display and control Ob.5 - Design and implementation of a few I/O interfaces for the PWRP, for the Mission/flight simulator and for the internal/external sensors/system/database Ob.6 - Realization and testing of a demonstrator of the KLEAN system Ob.7 - Roadmap for the KLEAN system certification The innovative contributions of the proposal are: In1 - A customization of existing EFB with some new advanced functionalities for facilitating the pilot on the decision of trajectory changes in presence of evident external change conditions. In2 - SW integration and refinement of advanced radar post-processing and QAI agent algorithms for green trajectory optimization. In3 - Design and implementation of customized GUI interfaces for a friendly interpretation of QAI outcomes and for EFB system control. In4 - Validation and testing of the customized EFB to specific realistic operative scenarios through the use of mission/flight simulator in order to enhance the added value provided by the KLEAN system. In5 - Roadmap for the FAA certification of the KLEAN EFB.

Keywords: polarimetric post-processing,artificial intelligence,gui,i/o interfaces,trajectory optimization,green flight
Hybrid Solution Processable Materials for Opto-Electronic Devices (HYSPOD)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Physical and Analytical Chemical sciences
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111012, 2012)
Start date: 2013-01-01
End date: 2017-12-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1500000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1500000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This proposal aims at developing, studying the physical properties, and fabricating solar cell devices based on novel hybrid semiconductors. These new hybrids will combine the electronic properties of colloidal semiconducting nanocrystrals (nanorods) with those of semiconducting organic molecules. Semiconducting nanocrystals are confined systems and therefore are usually not good building blocks for electrical devices. The solution proposed by this ERC project to turn them into efficient components for optoelectronics devices is to build a functional interface between nanocrystals using organic molecules. This will allow extracting charge carriers from these confined systems by means of different physical phenomena including multiple exciton generation. The proposal thus aims to carry out fundamental research as an important step towards making solar cells an economically viable alternative source of energy. The execution of this highly challenging investigation will be based on multidisciplinary expertise in physics, device physics, and physical chemistry and delivered through three well defined, interconnected and targeted key objectives. i) The creation of a fully functional interface for semiconducting nanorods for the extraction of charge carriers; ii) the first fundamental investigation of multiple exciton generation with direct electrical measurement of the photo-excited carriers in these new hybrids based on nanorods; iii) the use of the new hybrid materials for the fabrication of highly efficient low cost solar cells. The applicant is well-established in this field, and has already achieved major breakthroughs in the design, study and fabrication of organic-inorganic hybrids. With the strong support of the Host Institution, she is in a perfect position to deliver on the ambitious goals of this proposal.

Keywords: semiconducting nanocrystals,solar cells,multiple exciton generation
Parameterized Approximation (PARAPPROX)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Computer science and informatics
Countries involved: Norway
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111012, 2012)
Start date: 2013-01-01
End date: 2017-12-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1690000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1690000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The main goal of this project is to lay the foundations of a ``non-polynomial time theory of approximation" -- the Parameterized Approximation for NP-hard optimization problems. A combination that will use the salient features of Approximation Algorithms and Parameterized Complexity. In the former, one relaxes the requirement of finding an optimum solution. In the latter, one relaxes the requirement of finishing in polynomial time by restricting the combinatorial explosion in the running time to a parameter that for reasonable inputs is much smaller than the input size. This project will explore the following fundamental question: Approximation Algorithms + Parameterized Complexity=? New techniques will be developed that will simultaneously utilize the notions of relaxed time complexity and accuracy and thereby make problems for which both these approaches have failed independently, tractable. It is however conceivable that for some problems even this combined approach may not succeed. But in those situations we will glean valuable insight into the reasons for failure. In parallel to algorithmic studies, an intractability theory will be developed which will provide the theoretical framework to specify the extent to which this approach might work. Thus, on one hand the project will give rise to algorithms that will have impact beyond the boundaries of computer science and on the other hand it will lead to a complexity theory that will go beyond the established notions of intractability. Both these aspects of my project are groundbreaking -- the new theory will transcend our current ideas of efficient approximation and thereby raise the state of the art to a new level.

Keywords: parameterized algorithms and complexity
Machine learning for computational science: statistical and formal modelling of biological systems (MLCS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Computer science and informatics
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111012, 2012)
Start date: 2012-10-01
End date: 2017-09-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1421944.0
EU funding (EUR): 1421944.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Computational modelling is changing the face of science. Many complex systems can be understood as embodied computational systems performing distributed computations on a massive scale. Biology is the discipline where these ideas find their most natural application: cells can be viewed as input/ output devices, with proteins and organelles behaving as finite state machines performing distributed computations inside the cell. This led to the influential framework of cell as computation, and the successful deployment of formal verification and analysis on models of biological systems. This paradigm shift in our understanding of biology has been possible due to the increasingly quantitative experimental techniques being developed in experimental biology. Formal modelling techniques, however, do not have mechanisms to directly include the information obtained from experimental observations in a statistically consistent way. This difficulty in relating the experimental and theoretical developments in biology is a central problem: without incorporating observations, it is extremely difficult to obtain reliable parametrisations of models. More importantly, it is impossible to assess the confidence of model predictions. This means that the central scientific task of falsifying hypotheses cannot be performed in a statistically meaningful way, and that it is very difficult to employ model predictions to rationally plan novel experiments. In this project we will build and develop machine learning tools for continuous time stochastic processes to obtain a principled treatment of the uncertainty at every step of the modelling pipeline. We will use and extend probabilistic programming languages to fully automate the inference tasks, and link to advanced modelling languages to allow formal analysis tools to be deployed in a data modelling framework. We will pursue twoapplications to fundamental problems in systems biology, guaranteeing impact on exciting scientific questions.

Keywords: computational systems biology,stochastic processes,bayesian machine learning