Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
High Performance Energy Conversion by the interplay between Thermoelectricity and Spin Seebeck Effect (THERMO-SPINTRONIC)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG, 2011)
Start date: 2012-09-01
End date: 2016-08-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

In view of the global energy and environmental demand, the necessity to use the energy sources more efficiently becomes relevant. Since most of energy is still being lost into the environment as waste heat, significant amount of renewable energy remains unused. In this context, thermoelectric materials, which can generate electricity from waste heat, could play an important role in a sustainable energy solution optimizing its consumption. However, the application of thermoelectric generation based classical Seebeck effect is limited to specific cases due to efficiency problems. The control and re-use of heat are therefore important topics in thermoelectricity as well as for the development of spin-based electronics, called spintronics. A recent discovery of spin-Seebeck effect (SSE), reported as a measurement of a redistribution of spins along the sample or “spin voltage” induced by a temperature gradient, generated strong interest in the research community. The existence of this novel effect was recently demonstrated in metallic ferromagnets, diluted magnetic semiconductors and even in oxide insulators. This work aims to obtain a more efficient heat-to-electricity conversion by the combination of these two properties: the classical Seebeck effect and Spin-Seebeck effect being pioneer in applying this concept. To study the interplay between these two effects, suitable binary oxides and perovskite system will be fabricated in insulator/metal hybrid systems (oxides/ferromagnets) and in high-quality superlattices and/or nanoparticles. The insulator will provide the low thermal conductivity which enables to suppress the energy loss due to heat conduction and the SSE could augment the thermoelectric generation efficiency. For this project, modern synthesis methods and state-of-the-art characterization will be employed. The results will highlight the engineering of heat transport in spintronic devices and facilitate the functional use of heat.

Keywords: energy conversion,thermoelectricity,spin seebeck,oxides,interfaces.
New inter-scale techniques for damage analysis of novel composite architectures (INTERCOM)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG, 2011)
Start date: 2012-04-01
End date: 2016-03-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The aim of the proposed research is to develop novel methods of multi-scale analysis for complex architectures obtained with various manufacturing techniques, such as 3D braiding/ weaving, tufting, automatic tow placement, and embroidery. The common feature of these structures is the absence of representative building block at the yarn level. Hence, these composites are not materials in the traditional sense of homogeneous or homogenizable medium. There is no established strategy for accessing the internal stress-strain state and damage in such composites. This challenge will be handled by developing an entirely new multi-scale framework, which constructs the boundary conditions imitating interaction of the meso-volume of interest with the surrounding media. The proposed concept is based on previous studies of textile composites, which succeeded to find a way of handling volumes smaller than representative ones with a fine accuracy. The local meso-scale architecture determines all the aspects of damage accumulation. The methodology aims at defragmenting the medium in accordance to the potential planes of inter-yarn crack propagation. Such a concept can substantially simplify the damage accumulation simulation. The primary focus of the damage modelling is the effect of barely visible damage on component performance. The theoretical developments of the modelling approach will be supported by an extensive multi-scale experimental program. It will be realised through testing of an aircraft component, which is produced by the 3D rotary braiding. The experiments will provide a strong basis for the model validation against surface strains, damage onset, stiffness degradation, damage modes, and crack patterns. Although fundamental in the core, the research has a direct practical relevance. It will provide instrument to analyse and eventually optimise novel complex materials.

Keywords: materials engineering,multi-scale modelling,hierarchical composites,internal architectures,weak- and non-periodicity,boundary conditions,novel manufacturing methods,3d braiding,damage,failure
Hepatitis C Virus infection dysregulates mitochondrial Fatty Acid Oxidation (HCVFAO)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG, 2011)
Start date: 2012-03-01
End date: 2014-02-28
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 50000.0
EU funding (EUR): 50000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is a global problem infecting ~170 millions people and is a leading cause of liver transplantation. Because of the lack of prophylactic vaccine and limitation of an effective therapy, persistent infection leads patients to chronic hepatitis, steatosis, cirrhosis and liver cancer. A body of evidence shows that the course of disease progression involves metabolic alteration of lipid biogenesis and homeostasis in the liver. Furthermore, viral replication and egress are found to co-opt with very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) biogenesis and secretion pathway, where viral genomic replication takes place on altered endoplasmic reticulum being tightly associated with lipid droplets. And following viral maturation/release steps are shown coupled with VLDL secretion. Since we know that liver is the most important organ for lipid transportation and storage, understanding why entire viral life cycle is so tightly associated with lipid biogenesis and transport will be a key insight to understand the mechanism of viral invasion and pathogenesis. In addition, understanding how viral components are intercepting host metabolism will help us to discover novel therapeutic options. Either up-regulation of lipid biosynthesis or down-regulation of lipid -oxidation can cause lipid accumulation in the liver. Although intense amount of studies have been attributed to understand up-regulation of lipogenesis, little is known about the situation of mitochondrial lipid -oxidation. In my past study, protein interactome of non-structural protein 5A (NS5A) of HCV had revealed that both and -subunits of mitochondrial trifunctional protein (MTP) are targeted by NS5A. MTP catalyses last 3 steps of mitochondrial lipid -oxidation including hydroxyl CoA dehydrogenase, 3-ketoacyl CoA thiolase and enoyl CoA hydractase. The proposal will aim to dissect molecular mechanism of viral invasion of lipid -oxidation and possible virulence by this asset of host/virus interaction.

Keywords: medicine,hcv,viral replication,pathogenesis,steatosis,fatty liver,lipid -oxidation
Light for Clocks (CLOCKLIGHT)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Finland
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG, 2011)
Start date: 2012-02-01
End date: 2014-12-31
Duration (months): 35.0
Total project cost (EUR): 72916.67
EU funding (EUR): 72916.67
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

The main objective of this proposal is to build novel, robust light sources for a transportable optical clock and to contribute, thereby, to the future redefinition of the second by providing a low-uncertainty link between institutes operating optical clocks. This grant will also enable the applicant to continue to collaborate with his former group and collaborators in the field of attosecond XUV physics. The applicant hopes to apply techniques from his former field to push frequency comb technology into the XUV regime and thus to contribute to the emergence of precision XUV spectroscopy/frequency metrology and nuclear clocks. Time and frequency metrology is going through the greatest changes since the first demonstration of the Caesium atomic clocks in the 1950’s. This revolution is caused by the arrival of optical atomic clocks, the development of which was sparked by the demonstration of self-referencing femtosecond frequency comb technology in 2000. In essence, frequency combs make it possible to count optical cycles. The potential for great performance improvements over Caesium atomic clocks have been known for a long time, but it was not until suitable clockwork was found that considerable progress was made. Today, several groups already report fractional uncertainties down to 10E-17, thus beating the best Caesium clocks by an order of magnitude. Time and frequency are the two quantities that can be measured the most precisely, and the unit of time is considered the most fundamental base unit. Thus, the development of optical clocks is expected to have widespread impact on science and our daily lives; however, before that happens, several technological and fundamental challenges must be overcome. A clear challenge is to develop more accurate methods to compare the frequencies of existing optical clocks, which are scattered around the world. Transportable clocks are thus needed, which in turn require robust light sources - hence the objectives of this work

Keywords: metrology,applied optics
Large Scale Flow Visualization and Analysis (LARGEFLOWVIS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG, 2011)
Start date: 2012-04-01
End date: 2016-03-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Scientific visualization of large-scale vector fields with modern, so-called integration-based methods that rely on the analysis of particle trajectories is not feasible with current methods, since existing algorithms cannot make efficient use of parallel architectures such as clusters and supercomputers. This status leaves researchers in science and industry unable to visualize, analyze and understand the processes described by large vector field data from simulation or measurement. The proposed CIG project aims at developing a novel methodological framework for integration-based visualization that will provide visualization of largest-scale vector fields in current scientific applications. The novel methodology will allow the efficient use of parallel architectures for fast and interactive visualization of very large vector field data sets, which is not possible with current methods. The project’s approaches will combine techniques from scientific visualization, parallel algorithms, applied mathematics, and software design. The resulting increased ability to study large vector fields will strongly impact fundamental scientific research in a large and interdisciplinary setting of scientific and industrial application areas that rely on vector field visualization. This includes research on technologies related to timely problems such as combustion, fusion, and aerodynamics, where technological improvements due to an increased understanding of vector field processes will benefit to the “Resource Efficient Europe” flagship initiative of the Europe 2020 strategy.. The novelty, interdisciplinary nature and expected impact of the proposed research will increase the EU’s excellence, and the applicants teaching activities will train young researchers exposing them to cutting-edge research. Thus, the proposed project leads to knowledge transfer into the ERA, long-term re-integration of a European researcher, and introduction of a promising new research field in Europe.

Keywords: scientific visualization,large vector fields,high-performance computing
Perpetrators, Ordinary People and Violence during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939): the case of Galicia (PERPEGAL)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG, 2011)
Start date: 2012-03-05
End date: 2016-03-04
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The Francoist repression and the rearguard violence in the Spanish Civil War has been analysed from different points of views in the past. However, no investigation has yet tried to focus in the question of the perpetrators and the attitudes of ordinary people whilst violence was happening. This particular question is related to important issues about the way violence changed dramatically the nature of one society and how many Spaniards became brutal killers in a short period of time. The main research line of the applicant will be to identify and analyse the character and main features of the Spanish Francoist Perpetrators through the case study of Galicia region between 1936 and 1939. The case of the particular area of Galicia is interesting because the main goals of the 1936 coup were accomplished in full there since the very first days of the Spanish Civil War, so there was no proper war in Galicia, only repression and rearguard violence. The big issue will be to know if the members of these vast numbers of “shooters” in the Spanish and Galician case had some gender, social, educational, or religious features to define them as a social and differentiated group. Another important objective related to this one is to answer the question of what made “ordinary people” in Spain to be transformed in brutal killers. It is intended to use both the biographic and socio structural approach to analyse this issue. The biographic approach will be used through the case-by-case study of some identified perpetrators in the Galician case. The socio structural one is related to the study of the ideological and socioeconomic background of the perpetrators. This Main Research Line also aims to identify the nature of the processes of stealing properties and material possessions to the victims and their families. A comparative perspective will also be used use taking into consideration the well-known cases of Nazi Germany and the Latin America 60’s and 70’s Dictatorships.

Keywords: humanities,history,contemporary,xxth century,mass murder,perpetrators,ordinary people,violence,genocidal practices,spanish civil war,galicia,spain,victims,memory,collective trauma
Teaching in the 21st Century: Responding to Bullying and Safeguarding Issues in Scotland's Schools, a Longitudinal Study of Teacher Trainees (SAFESCHOOLS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG, 2011)
Start date: 2012-04-01
End date: 2015-09-30
Duration (months): 42.0
Total project cost (EUR): 87500.0
EU funding (EUR): 87500.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Over the last 50 years, school education has increasingly become one of the most important areas for government policy. This is in part due to the recognition that a highly educated population is a key determinant of economic success. This has led countries to search for ways to improve the education of children and young people. Within schools, however, there is a significant barrier to learning that exists. Evidence is emerging of the negative impact of bullying has on the learning environment for children and young people. Teachers are at the forefront of witnessing and responding to bullying behaviours in school settings, yet many teachers feel less than confident in addressing such behaviours. Initial Teacher Education is an important time for potential teachers to learn about how to respond to behaviour management issues within the classroom. Several studies have examined teacher trainees’ knowledge and attitudes regarding bullying. No study to date, however, has conducted a longitudinal assessment of teacher trainees across their first post of teaching. This study will employ a longitudinal design that will follow a cohort of students in their final year of teacher training at the University of Edinburgh’s Moray House School of Education into their first year of teaching through the Teacher Induction Scheme, a paid year-long placement in teaching. 200 students will take an electronic baseline survey and follow-up surveys at 12, 18 and 24 months. In addition to the longitudinal surveys, 20 students from the study will be randomly selected to participate in a baseline and 24-month in-depth interview. This study will be the first of its kind to longitudinal examine issues of bullying and safeguarding as it relates to teacher training and support. This will also be the first study to examine these issues with teacher trainees in Scotland.

Keywords: education,teacher training,school management,bullying,behaviour management,peer-to-peer violence,sexual bullying,continuing professional development
Resource hotspots and the role of apex predators in terrestrial ecosystems (HOTSPOT)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Sweden
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG, 2011)
Start date: 2012-03-01
End date: 2016-02-29
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Large mammalian herbivores are major ecological drivers and strongly influence ecosystem functioning. With my research program I use a resource ecological approach to understand these interactions between herbivores and the ecosystems they live in. Resource ecology is the science of trophic interactions between consumers and their resources. This CIG application describes the research line that I propose for an Assistant Professorship that I recently accepted at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. I secured this position after strong international competition and an external evaluation process in which I was ranked number 1 by an international review panel. Unfortunately, the position only covers my salary and does not include start-up money to support my research. The CIG should provide this crucial start-up money. More specifically, in the proposed project I will focus on resource hotspots as an example of strong positive feedback interactions between herbivore and their plant resources. I will study the factors that modify the strength of these interactions, specifically abiotic factors and predation risk by apex predators, to understand when and where resource hotspots develop. I follow a comparative approach and propose to study consumer-resource interactions in African savannas and boreal forests. This will improve our insight in the functioning herbivore-resource interactions across terrestrial ecosystems and plant functional types. As a result, and thanks to the support of the CIG, I aim to become a leading independent scientist within the European research arena.

Keywords: consumer-resource feedbacks,plant-animal interactions,boreal forest ecology,savanna ecology,ecology of large herbivores,predator-prey interactions,bottom-up versus top-down control of resources
The Role of the RPL11/p53 Checkpoint in the Development and Treatment of DBA (DBA-CHECKPOINTS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG, 2011)
Start date: 2012-03-01
End date: 2016-02-29
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Extensive studies have demonstrated that the underlying cause of Diamond Blackfan anemia (DBA) is hypomorphic mutations in ribosomal protein (rp) genes. Patients with this disease present with an erythroid anemia, which has the propensity to progress to a wide range of cancers, particularly acute myeloid leukemia and osteosarcomas. Recently our laboratory has provided a model to explain the anemia, and, potentially the cancer. We first showed that after disruption of either 40S, or 60S ribosome biogenesis, p53 levels increase due to the binding of rpL11, a 60Srp, to HDm2, leading to a G1cell cycle arrest. However, in the case of 40S, but not 60S ribosome biogenesis, this response requires the translational upregulation of rpL11, to generate sufficient protein to bind to HDm2, in the face of continued 60S ribosome biogenesis. In parallel, it is known that rp genes, including rpL11, are direct transcriptional targets of c-Myc, a master regulator of cell proliferation and differentiation, and that rpL11 acts in a negative feedback loop to block c-Myc target genes. In preliminary studies we find that rpL11 controls c-Myc transcription. These studies have led us to hypothesize that a complex containing rpL11, is upregulated in response to disruption of 40S ribosome biogenesis, to induce p53 cell cycle arrest and suppress c-Myc expression, preventing tumor progression. Likewise loss of this checkpoint could explain the propensity of DBA patients to progress to cancer. To address the first part of this hypothesis, the role of rpL11 in anemia, we have designed three aims (1) To identify the signaling components involved in the upregulation of rpL11 (2) To determine the mechanism of rpL11 induced inhibition of HDm2 in response to disruption of ribosome biogenesis and (3) Develop a mouse model to replicate the DBA phenotype to study the action of known therapies and to develop novel treatments.

Keywords: health sciences: diamond blackfan anemia,mtor,ribosome biogenesis