Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
The Rules of Interpretation of Customary International Law (TRICI-Law)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Panel description: Political science, international relations, law
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call: ERC Starting Grant (ERC-2017-STG, 2017)
Start date: 2018-05-01
End date: 2023-10-31
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1480708.0
EU funding (EUR): 1480708.0
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

This ERC proposal revolves around the rules of interpretation of customary international law (CIL). CIL along with treaties are the rules most often used in international law. However, whereas rules of interpretation of treaties have been enshrined in Articles 31-33 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT), the rules of interpretation of CIL have not been the subject of critical study. This gap becomes even more pronounced if we consider that interpretation plays a key role in every judicial case, and that one of the basic markers of effectiveness of any legal system is its predictability. By not knowing the rules that govern the interpretation of CIL, we end up playing a ‘game’ the rules of which are unknown, and by consequence predictability is far from guaranteed. Therefore the aim of this project is to determine the existence and to examine the content of the rules of interpretation of customary international law. It will: 1) prove the theoretical validity of CIL being open to interpretation; 2) induce the rules of interpretation of CIL and their content; 3) track the points of convergence/divergence and reasons thereof amongst rules of interpretation of CIL, treaties and unilateral acts as they evolve through time; and 4) create a set of articles/guidelines on the interpretation of CIL. The results will influence the study and theory of CIL; will lead to a re-conceptualization of the theory of sources of international law; will spark a long overdue debate on the interaction between sources of international law; will further our understanding of the process of interpretation and of the basic precepts of the international legal system; and its findings will become the staple point of reference by any ‘user’ of international law. Its ultimate outcomes will clarify the foundations of the international legal system, reduce normative conflict, and provide greater legal certainty and foreseeability in all international law-related interactions.

Keywords: interpretation,customary international law,sources of,international law,theory of international law
KONFIDO - Secure and Trusted Paradigm for Interoperable eHealth Services (KONFIDO)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Societal Challenges
Programme: Health, demographic change and wellbeing
Theme: Methods and data
Action type: Research and Innovation actions
Countries involved: Italy,Italy,Spain,Italy,Greece,Belgium,Greece,France,United Kingdom,Denmark,Denmark,United Kingdom
Call: Increasing digital security of health related data on a systemic level (H2020-DS-SC1-2016, 2016)
Start date: 2016-11-01
End date: 2019-10-31
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 4992077.5
EU funding (EUR): 4992077.5
Participants: 17
Project status: CLOSED

KONFIDO advances the state of the art of eHealth technology with respect to four key dimensions of digital security, namely: data preservation, data access and modification, data exchange, and interoperability and compliance. To address the challenges of secure storage and exchange of eHealth data, protection and control over personal data, and security of health related data gathered by mobile devices, KONFIDO takes a holistic approach – i.e. one targeting all the architectural layers of an IT infrastructure, and specifically: storage, dissemination, processing, and presentation. KONFIDO builds on and extends the results of a best of breed selection of successful projects, notably: epSOS, STORK, DECIPHER, EXPAND, and ANTILOPE. The approach will be implemented in a technological framework that relies on six technology pillars: 1) security extensions provided by main CPU vendors; 2) security solutions based on photonic technologies; 3) homomorphic encryption mechanisms; 4) customised STORK-compliant eID support; 5) customized extensions of selected SIEM solutions; and 6) disruptive logging and auditing mechanisms. The usability of the proposed solutions will be tested in a realistic setup, deployed on top of a federated cloud infrastructure, where data will be exchanged and services interoperate cross-border. Experimental evidence will be collected, proving that KONFIDO solutions provide effective protection even against attacks by privileged software (e.g. the Operating System or the Hypervisor) or privileged users (e.g. the System Administrator or the Cloud Provider). Since i) it builds on results that were already widely accepted, and ii) it relies on a handful of complementary technologies (some of which are already at a high level of maturity), KONFIDO has a dramatic potential in terms of innovation in the field of coordinated care towards improved quality of healthcare solutions.

Keywords: photonic puf,blockchain auditing,homomorphic encryption,siem
Marketing Expenditure Budgeting: from the Upper Echelon to the Lower Echelon (MARKETING EXPENDITUR)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Economic Sciences
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call: Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships (IF-EF) (H2020-MSCA-IF-2014, 2014)
Start date: 2015-11-01
End date: 2017-10-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 177598.8
EU funding (EUR): 177598.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

With increased competition intensity in almost all industries, nowadays no one could deny the importance of marketing function to a firm in driving sales. However, overspending in marketing has been an immanent problem that prevails in firms across various industries. Overspending in marketing not only erodes firms’ profit, but is also harmful to social welfare. Unlike price reduction related promotion (bundling, coupon, etc.) that benefits consumer eventually, overspending in marketing mainly composed of activities such as advertising and marketing campaigns is a huge waste to the society as a whole. From the regulator’s perspective, it is not feasible for regulators to interfere with firms’ decision on marketing expenditure. The goal of this research is to find a way to help firms to set a marketing expenditure that aligns firms’ behaviour with regulators’ expectation while taking into consideration of firms’ inherent incentive to maximize profit. A large body of literature has devoted to address the question what the optimal marketing expenditure a firm should set to reach maximal profit. However, the normative criteria to set an optimal marketing expenditure by the previous papers 1) too sophisticated to adopt or implement in reality 2) is derived based on a set of very constrained assumptions, which make the findings practically irrelevant. In our study, instead of coming up with certain techno-economic criteria for firms to follow, we zoom into a firm and examine the process how a marketing budget is decided. By studying the ‘task environment’ that a marketing budget is produced, we are able to 1) obtain insights on factors that lead to overspending in marketing 2) give feasible and actionable advices to firms that suffer from inefficient marketing expenditures.

Keywords: marketing expenditure,marketing budget,marketing and finance interfaces,behavior integration,contingency factor
leading the TRansion of the European Automotive SUpply chain towards a circulaR futurE (TREASURE)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Societal Challenges
Programme: Climate action, environment,  resource efficiency and raw materials
Theme: Enabling the transition towards a green economy and society through eco-innovation
Action type: Research and Innovation actions
Countries involved: Spain,Italy,Spain,Spain,Italy,Italy,Estonia,Switzerland,Latvia,France,Netherlands
Call: Understanding the transition to a circular economy and its implications on the environment, economy and society (H2020-SC5-2020-2, 2020)
Start date: 2021-06-01
End date: 2024-05-31
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 3998714.63
EU funding (EUR): 3998714.63
Participants: 15
Project status: SIGNED

Car electronics is one of the most valuable source of Critical Raw Materials (CRMs) in cars. What it sounds so strange is the lack of interest of car manufacturers (and the whole automotive sector in general) towards the recovery of these valuable components from End-of-Life Vehicles (ELVs). Maybe, the complex set of barriers (e.g. regulatory, governance-based, market, technological, cultural, societal, gender, etc.) companies must cope with when implementing Circular Economy (CE) are making very difficult its adoption, by limiting potential benefits. All these data show as, even if car manufacturers are investing big capitals trying to shift their business towards more sustainable mobility concepts, the sectorial transition towards CE seems to be far from its completion. Especially at End-of-Life (EoL) phase, there are still many issues to be solved in order to functionally recover materials from cars (e.g. reuse recovered materials for the same purpose they were exploited originally) and the dependence from natural resources when producing new cars (even if electric/hybrid/fuel cell -powered) is still too high. This mandatory systemic transformation requires to all companies/sectors to redefine products lifecycles since the beginning, by considering CE already before to design them. To this aim, the TREASURE project wants to develop a scenario analysis simulation tool able to quantify positive and negative implications of CE, by leading the European automotive supply chain towards its full transition to CE.

Keywords: circular business models,end of life vehicles,circular design,car electronics
H2 and CH4 Dissociation Dynamics on Stepped Metal Surfaces via First-Principles Simulations (STEPDYN)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Chemistry
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call: Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships (IF-EF) (H2020-MSCA-IF-2014, 2014)
Start date: 2016-09-01
End date: 2018-08-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 177598.8
EU funding (EUR): 177598.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

With STEPDYN I propose to achieve for the first time an accurate theoretical and computational modelling of the reactive scattering of small molecules on stepped metal surfaces. The aim is to close the ‘material gap’ in our fundamental understanding of heterogeneous catalytic processes at the gas/solid interface, since stepped surfaces are close models of the active sites of catalyst particles. Specifically, I will focus on two processes: (i) dissociation of H2 on the stepped surface (211) of copper: H2/Cu(211) (ii) dissociation of CH4 on the stepped surface (211) of nickel: CH4/Ni(211) Both are activated dissociation processes of great importance for heterogeneous catalysis in the energy field (they are linked to methanol, methane and H2 processing). Using appropriate specific-reaction-parameter (SRP) density-functional theory for the systems of interest I will: (i) construct 6-dimensional potential energy surfaces and use them in quantum dynamics of H2/Cu(211), (ii) employ ab-initio Molecular Dynamics with a semi-classical description of nuclear motion for CH4/Ni(211). Possible methodological issues associated with structural degrees of freedom and anisotropy, localized electronic states, etc. will be systematically explored. This will be achieved in a MC fellowship during which I will: (i) work in an internationally recognized and scientifically stimulating group, leader in modeling molecular reactive scattering on metallic surfaces (ii) further and deepen my knowledge in scattering approaches to heterogeneous catalysis, grounding on what I matured in a 9-months visit during my PhD. (iii) combine it with my post-doc expertise in theoretical catalysis , (iv) face a challenging but important project requiring new methods, thus maturing my researcher’s skills (v) advance my career and become one of the experts in this field In tune with the objectives of the MC program both scientific achievements and personal advancement are aimed at within STEP

Keywords: theoretical catalysis,gas surface interaction,reactive scattering
Catalytic Methods for Sustainable Synthesis. A Merged Experimental and Computational Approach (CATMEC)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Innovative Training Networks (ITN)-European Joint Doctorates
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Chemistry
Countries involved: Spain,Sweden,United Kingdom
Call: Innovative Training Networks (H2020-MSCA-ITN-2016, 2016)
Start date: 2017-01-01
End date: 2021-02-28
Duration (months): 50.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1569640.32
EU funding (EUR): 1569640.3199999998
Participants: 3
Project status: CLOSED

CATMEC is a multi-partner European Joint Doctorate (EJD) Programme offering research training in state-of-the-art sustainable chemical synthesis, catalysis, computational chemistry and bioactive molecule design on both traditional and non-traditional (eg flow) platforms. This Doctoral Training Programme integrates complementary, interdisciplinary and intersectoral training and together with enhanced European mobility through planned secondments of researchers, will contribute to EU policy objectives in scientific training and degree assessment. The researchers will be supervised and mentored by internationally recognised experts and have access to state-of-the-art equipment. Hands-on training will be supplemented by formal training courses in relevant and related fields, and a wide variety of complementary training courses, workshops and seminars. The training of researchers will benefit from secondments to industrial partners, gaining exposure to commercial and complementary environments. Overall, it is anticipated that the CATMEC project will provide Early Stage Researchers (ESRs) with an outstanding training experience, through extensive technical and complementary skills development.

Keywords: cycloadditions,dft methods,catalysis,synthesis,heterocycles,stereoselective
Connecting advisers to boost interactive innovation in agriculture and forestry (i2connect)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Societal Challenges
Programme: Food security, sustainable agriculture and forestry, marine and maritime and inland water research and the bioeconomy
Theme: Sustainable agriculture and forestry
Action type: Coordination and support actions
Countries involved: Austria,Germany,Germany,Ireland,Spain,Spain,Spain,Italy,Ireland,Lithuania,Switzerland,Greece,Hungary,Bulgaria,Croatia,Hungary,Poland,Slovenia,Switzerland,Belgium,Belgium,Switzerland,Finland,Finland,Serbia,Latvia,Latvia,France,France,France,France,France,France,Netherlands,Netherlands,Luxembourg,Portugal
Call: Fuelling the potential of advisors for innovation (H2020-RUR-2019-1, 2019)
Start date: 2019-11-01
End date: 2024-10-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 4999943.0
EU funding (EUR): 4999943.0
Participants: 42
Project status: SIGNED

The i2connect project aims to fuel the competencies of advisors who will support and facilitate interactive innovation processes responding to multiple challenges in European agriculture and forestry. The strategy in i2connect is to use the existing advisor networks and the experiences of success in different contexts to create a broader network and momentum of change enabling a new culture of bottom-up led innovation support. This resource of over 40,000 advisors are critical actors supporting agriculture and forestry on the ground and must be influenced in this project to support interactively innovation with particular emphasis on EIP-AGRI 2020 target of 3,500 operational groups and beyond. An inventory will be made of the current state of advisory practices in Europe. Best Practices throughout Europe will be analysed in an interactive way to guide the development of approaches and tools, and to be studied as part of the training program for advisors. A pool of trainers will be trained to work with these materials in training and coaching advisors. Some advisors may join cross visit teams for studying interesting cases abroad. Attention will also be given to the ‘enabling environment’: ways in which managers of advisory services, research actors, policy makers and others can create conditions. These activities feed into a professional network with many local branches, supported by the project through a moderated on line platform for mutual coaching, sharing experiences. i2connect brings together 32 organisations (beneficiaries and third parties).
learninG, pRocessing, And oPtimising shapES (GRAPES)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Innovative Training Networks (ITN)-European Training Networks
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Mathematics
Countries involved: Austria,Germany,Spain,Italy,Switzerland,Lithuania,Norway,Greece,France,France,United Kingdom
Call: Innovative Training Networks (H2020-MSCA-ITN-2019, 2019)
Start date: 2019-12-01
End date: 2024-05-31
Duration (months): 54.0
Total project cost (EUR): 3972756.15
EU funding (EUR): 3972756.15
Participants: 11
Project status: SIGNED

GRAPES aims at considerably advancing the state of the art in Mathematics, Computer-Aided Design, and Machine Learning in order to promote game changing approaches for generating, optimising, and learning 3D shapes, along with a multisectoral training for young researchers. Recent advances in the above domains have solved numerous tasks concerning multimedia and 2D data. However, automation of 3D geometry processing and analysis lags severely behind, despite their importance in science, technology and everyday life, and the well-understood underlying mathematical principles. The CAD industry, although well established for more than 20 years, urgently requires advanced methods and tools for addressing new challenges. The scientific goal of GRAPES is to bridge this gap based on a multidisciplinary consortium composed of leaders in their respective fields. Top-notch research is also instrumental in forming the new generation of European scientists and engineers. Their disciplines span the spectrum from Computational Mathematics, Numerical Analysis, and Algorithm Design, up to Geometric Modelling, Shape Optimisation, and Deep Learning. This allows the 15 PhD candidates to follow either a theoretical or an applied track and to gain knowledge from both research and innovation through a nexus of intersectoral secondments and Network-wide workshops. Horizontally, our results lead to open-source, prototype implementations, software integrated into commercial libraries as well as open benchmark datasets. These are indispensable for dissemination and training but also to promote innovation and technology transfer. Innovation relies on the active participation of SMEs, either as a beneficiary hosting an ESR or as associate partners hosting secondments. Concrete applications include simulation and fabrication, hydrodynamics and marine design, manufacturing and 3D printing, retrieval and mining, reconstruction and visualisation, urban planning and autonomous driving.

Keywords: geometric computing,geometric processing,meshing,splines,isogeometric analysis,simulation,fluid dynamics,deep learning,retrieval,architectural design,algorithms,software,benchmarks
Forest management-mortality interactions – quantification of management effects on tree mortality and implications for carbon cycling (ForMMI)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Environment and Geosciences
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2019, 2019)
Start date: 2020-11-01
End date: 2022-10-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 224933.76
EU funding (EUR): 224933.76
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Forests form a major terrestrial carbon sink, but its size is subject to large uncertainties. Recent advances in the quantification of the sink have highlighted the need for accounting for the effects of forest management and tree mortality. However, management and mortality have been considered in isolation from each other, even though management practises are known have large effects on tree mortality. So far, the lack of suitable management data has hindered the realistic consideration of management effects on forest dynamics in global vegetation models. ForMMI aims to fill these gaps by (1) developing novel observation-based methodology to quantify forest management regimes from single-measurement national forest inventory data, (2) creating statistical models that allow calculation of mortality rates based on management type and intensity and (3) integrating these models into a dynamic global vegetation model LPJ-GUESS and use it to quantify the implications to carbon cycle. The methodological development will enable obtaining of observations-based management information over large areas, thus greatly improving the current use of national-level statistics and assumptions based on management guidelines. This will greatly benefit the future efforts of linking management to forest dynamics in large-scale models. The results will provide a first large-scale and consistent assessment of management impacts on natural mortality of trees and quantify the implications for carbon cycle. This will create an important basis in accounting for management-mortality interactions in global vegetation models, on which further research will be able to build on. The project will provide Dr Suvanto with the skills and expertise needed to establish a leading international role in forest management-mortality interactions, a research direction with increasing importance as current efforts on including management effects and mortality processes to large-scale models move forward.

Keywords: forest management,tree mortality,dynamic global vegetation models,carbon cycle,terrestrial carbon sink,forest disturbances