Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Ecological performance of arrhythmic plants in nature (CLOCKWORKGREEN)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Evolutionary, population and environmental biology
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (ERC-2011-ADG_20110310, 2011)
Start date: 2012-04-01
End date: 2017-03-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2496002.4
EU funding (EUR): 2496002.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Timing is everything in ecology, and because plants provide the foundation for most land-based food webs, the timing of their activities profoundly orchestrates the majority of ecological interactions. Most photosynthetic and growth processes are under circadian control, but many additional processes--approximately 30-40% of all genes—are under circadian control, and yet the Darwinian fitness impact of being “in synch” with the environment has not been systematically studied for any organism. We have developed a toolbox for a native tobacco plant, Nicotiana attenuata, that allows us to “ask the plant” which genes, proteins or metabolites are regulated in particular plant-mediated ecological interactions; identify “the genes that matter” for a given interaction; silence or ectopically express these genes, and conduct field releases with the transformed plants at a nature preserve in the Great Basin Desert to rigorously test hypotheses of gene function. By taking advantage of both our understanding of what it takes for this plant to survive in nature, and the procedures established to disentangle the skein of subtle interactions that determine its performance, we will systematically examine the importance of synchronous entrained endogenous rhythms at all life stages: longevity in the seed bank, germination, rosette growth, elongation, flowering and senescence. Specifically, we propose to silence a key components (starting with NaTOC1) of the plant’s endogenous clock to shorten the plant’s circadian rhythm, both constitutively and with strong dexamethasone-inducible promoters, at all life stages. With a combination of real-time phenotype imaging, metabolite and transcriptome analysis, and ecological know-how, the research will reveal how plants adjust their physiologies to the ever-changing panoply of environmental stresses with which they must cope; by creating arrhythmic plants, we will understand why so many processes are under circadian control.

Keywords: circadian clock,transcriptomics,transgenic plants,field releases,plant fitness,dexamethasone inducible promotors,plant-herbivore interactions,seed germination,pollination,toc1,lhy,jasmonate
Internal Biofluid Dynamics in embryonic cardiovascular development, reduced order vascular growth models (CARDIOFLUIDMECHANICS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Türkiye
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG, 2011)
Start date: 2012-01-01
End date: 2016-10-01
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The aim of this research is to develop cardiovascular (CV) fluid mechanics tools that can analyze and predict the vascular changes due to the growth and remodeling process (GR) during early embryonic cardiac development. Mechanical flow-induced loading, in addition to the genetic factors, is an essential regulator of the GR feedback process. Fluid-induced vascular network changes will be computed through transformative aims at the system level; that are coupled to the lower-level GR theories. The rich diversity of circulation systems found in nature inspired a novel reduced-order lumped parameter circulation model (LPM). For the first-time, LPM is integrated with multi-scale continuum mechanics vascular GR theories in order to establish a numerical feed-back loop between the GR response and instantaneous hemodynamic circuit parameters. A general network-based LPM model is proposed, again for the first time that covers the entire hydrodynamic network space where the numbers of vascular compartments, ventricles and their branching patterns evolve freely, but are subject to the cost functions founded on the biological optimality principles. Novel circuit similitude parameters that allow an unbiased energetic comparison will be developed. This framework will provide the global GR response of the entire circulation during development, energy/exergy budgets of complex congenital heart disease pathologies, and impact pediatric surgical treatments. At the organ level, The advanced boundary condition routines developed will transform the broader patient-specific CFD technology, which is currently used in clinical decision making. This project will have an impact on the pediatric and fetal cardiology, and CV surgery by giving researchers access to quantitative physiological information. Embryonic CV fluid dynamics is an emerging research field that challenges the human-centric bias and apathetic viewpoint of the static mature and healthy CV system at all educational levels.

Keywords: biomedical engineering,technological sciences
DISTRIBUTED FUNCTIONAL BRAIN NETWORKS MAPPING VIA OPTOGENETIC FMRI (MOUSE OPTO-FMRI)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG, 2011)
Start date: 2011-09-01
End date: 2015-08-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

A fundamental question in neuroscience is whether we can causally link distinct patterns of defined circuit elements with behavior. A mechanistic understanding of patterned activity will take into account the individual neurons and their synaptic interactions within distributed networks spanning multiple regions. We propose here to use genetically targeted switches of pyramidal neurons and whole-brain functional imaging to study the dynamics of distributed functional networks. Recent work has revealed that optogenetic strategies, using activation of channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), a light-gated cation channel, can be employed to drive the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) blood oxygenation-level dependent response in the rodent. Leveraging optogenetic fMRI we have shown that fMRI tracks optically evoked neural activity; further, we as well as others have shown that activity is observed locally and downstream of the light activated target. In this proposal we will use whole-brain high-resolution fMRI in awake mice combined with optogenetic activation (ChR2) of pyramidal neurons to assess the impact of causal manipulations on distributed brain network responses. Specifically, we will use the barrel field in primary somatosensory cortex (SI) to study the functional-anatomy of the mystacial vibrissa somatosensory system. We will focus on the following issues: (1) Examine whether optically-driven SI activity can be used to reveal somatotopic organization in regions connected to SI; (2) Examine the brain-wide functional-anatomy of SI optically driven activity by characterizing fMRI responses in relation to anatomical connections and neural plasticity; (3) Use regions identified with optically driven fMRI responses to focus our electrophysiological and anatomical experiments. We expect that the proposed research will contribute to our understanding of functional connections between regions, and highlight response properties in parts of the network unstudied so far.

Keywords: neurophysiology,fmri,optogenetics,chr2
Atoh1/Math1 regulation and function during cerebellar normal development and medulloblastoma (ATOH1MEDULLO)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG, 2011)
Start date: 2012-01-01
End date: 2015-12-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Atoh1, a proneural basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor is required for cerebellar development. My recent studies using loss or gain of function uncovered a critical role for Atoh1 in medulloblastoma (MB) development, the most common malignant pediatric tumor of the cerebellum. As a junior group leader, I develop a research program at the Institute Curie in the new department of "Signaling, Neurobiology and Cancer", CNRS UMR 3306 / INSERM U1005 directed by Dr. Frederic Saudou. Using a combination of mouse models and biochemistry I will specifically address the regulation and function of Atoh1. Atoh1 functions depend on its associated proteins and downstream targets, but little is known as to their identity and biological functions. Moreover, how Atoh1 is regulated at the protein level is not understood. Thus, insights on Atoh1 regulation and function in vivo and in vitro will provide a deeper understanding of Atoh1’s role during normal development and cancer. In summary, an understanding of Atoh1’s regulation and the characterization of Atoh1 function in a mouse model will provide novel insights as to Atoh1’s potential as a therapeutic target in the treatment of MB. Importantly, validation of potential Atoh1 targets in human MBs using orthotopic xenograft models in mice may provide new targets for therapeutic intervention.

Keywords: health sciences,natural sciences
Bridging microstructural to macroscopic properties in failure of heterogeneous materials (TOUGHBRIDGE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG, 2011)
Start date: 2011-10-01
End date: 2014-09-30
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 75000.0
EU funding (EUR): 75000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Nowadays, materials, structures and devices can be designed and fabricated at nanoscale dimensions with controlled microstructures processed “atom by atom”. Predicting their toughness and ensuring their durability over the long term still present a major challenge. These properties esult from the complex interplay between the applied stress conditions at the macro scale and the material heterogeneities at the scale of the microstructure, crucially influenced by processes such s damage, chemical reactions and thermal fluctuations, also occurring at the microscale. Bridging length scales is central in the study of material failure and the main objective of my esearch project is (i) to provide a statistical and quantitative description of the effect of material microstructure on the propagation of cracks and the damage spreading in highly heterogeneous brittle and quasi brittle solids. This will be achieved by investigating experimentally and numerically at the microscale the failure of model systems with controlled heterogeneous properties; (ii) to implement these mechanisms into simplified predictive models based on tools issued both from statistical physics and fracture mechanics. They will link material characteristic nd failure mechanisms at the microstructure scale with their macroscopic failure properties. In the long run, the models developed within this project will help optimizing efficiently the microstructure f a solid in order to achieve improved failure properties, such as strength and lifetime.

Keywords: mechanical engineering,statistical physics,condensed matter properties
Deep Transfer: Generalizing Across Domains (DEEP TRANSFER)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Belgium
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG, 2011)
Start date: 2011-10-01
End date: 2015-09-30
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Machine learning's goal is to devise algorithms that improve with experience. Currently, experience is largely defined to be the amount of available data. Unfortunately, acquiring data can be time consuming (e.g., annotating documents), monetarily expensive (e.g., genetic testing), physically invasive (e.g., collecting a tissue sample) or unavailable in sufficient quantities (e.g., data about rare diseases). For some tasks, this makes it challenging to obtain the quantities of data necessary to build a sufficiently accurate predictive model. Machine learning algorithms are applicable to many domains, but cannot generalize across different domains because of the underlying assumption that the training (used to learn the model) and test (used to evaluate the model) data come from the same distribution. However, in the real world this is often not the case. People are much more adept at handling this than machines and are even able to reapply knowledge learned in one domain to an entirely different one. Yet standard machine learning approaches are unable to do this. Computationally, the missing link is the ability to discover structural regularities that apply to many different domains, irrespective of their superficial descriptions. This is arguably the biggest gap between current machine learning systems and humans. To address this problem, algorithms must be able to perform deep transfer, which involves generalizing across entirely different domains (i.e., between domains with different objects, classes, properties and relations). Few learning algorithms are able to do this. In this project, we will attempt to develop a well-founded, fully automatic approach to deep transfer that discerns complex structural regularities and determines which of these properties are likely to apply to a given target task. Deep transfer offers a fundamentally different and novel paradigm for acquiring experience: exploiting data from other, possibly very different, tasks.

Keywords: technological sciences,machine learning,artificial intelligence,statistical relational learning,transfer learning
INTERNATIONAL MONETARY POLICY COORDINATION AND DISTRESS CONTAGION (IMPC)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG, 2011)
Start date: 2011-12-01
End date: 2015-11-30
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The proposed research involves two lines of investigation. The first line is dedicated to the study the role of monetary policy in explaining international stock market correlations. It also contributes to our understanding of the international propagation of shocks. As highlighted by the recent financial crisis, understanding how monetary policy affects financial markets is crucial for the conduct of monetary policy. Central Banks are usually among the first policy makers to react to business cycle fluctuations,and to crisis and economic shocks. But they do not react in the same way. Central Banks have different objectives and beliefs that make them heterogeneous. The goal of this project is to focus on how the time varying nature of Central Bank policy coordination is reflected in stock markets. The second line of enquiry studies the cross-sectional asset-pricing implications of the technological connectivity among sectors/firms’ output, when the latter is subject to persistent distress events. We pursue this task in an equilibrium pure-exchange model, where incomplete information and learning account for imprecise knowledge of market fundamentals and play an important role in the crosssectional comovement of assets prices. Barro (2009) argues that the desire to hedge against chances of macroeconomic disasters is worth a significant portion of the GDP while the welfare cost from usual economic fluctuations is much smaller and hardly able to explain the properties of expected returns. The researer will develop a model of an economy with multiple assets in positive net supply (orchard) where the economy-wise propagation of firms‘/sectors‘ cycles of distress and recovery gives rise not only to the observed time-variation of correlations, and to empirically sound predictions for both the equity premium and the interest rate puzzles, but also to the cross-section of expected returns.

Keywords: international monetary policy,distress,finance
Development of a therapeutic HPV vaccine via target epitope identification by mass spectrometry (THERAVAC)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG, 2011)
Start date: 2011-12-01
End date: 2015-11-30
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

At least 20% of human malignancies are caused by consequences of persistent infections. High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types cause over 500.000 cancer cases per year, rendering HPV the #2 human carcinogen after tobacco. Infection-related tumors are attractive targets for cancer vaccination, as they provide the opportunity to target antigens that are immunological non-self. Vaccination can be prophylactic, inducing immune responses preventing infection in the first place, or therapeutic, stimulating the immune system into eradicating established disease. Prophylactic immunization against HPV has become the paradigm for cancer immunoprevention. Unfortunately, current HPV vaccines have no therapeutic effect on existing infections. Studies on spontaneously regressing HPV-induced lesions show that cell-mediated immune responses are crucial in clearing established HPV infection. Cytotoxic T cells (CTL) kill infected cells after recognizing viral epitopes presented on HLA molecules on the cell surface. There are hundreds of different HLA types, and a given epitope is only applicable for the fraction of patients with the relevant HLA molecule. This project will define a set of T cell epitopes that elicit CTL-mediated HPV protection in the entire population, by including epitopes for all HLA supertypes. The applicant has established a methodology of determining which viral epitopes are presented on target cells during her past mobility period in the US. HPV-transformed cells of various HLA backgrounds are analyzed by nanospray mass spectrometry. Identified peptides are tested for immunogenicity and the ability to induce CTL. From these tests, a minimal set of functional epitopes providing >95% population protection coverage is selected for vaccine formulation. The technology is currently transferred to the DKFZ. If this epitope-specific, yet widely applicable therapeutic vaccination approach is successful, it can be used as a platform technology in other malignancies.

Keywords: cancer vaccination,active immunotherapy,human papillomavirus (hpv),cervical cancer,oropharyngeal cancer,epitope,mass spectrometry,t cell,human leukocyte antigen (hla)
Hall dominated turbulence in protoplanetary discs (HALLDISCS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG, 2011)
Start date: 2012-01-01
End date: 2014-12-31
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 75000.0
EU funding (EUR): 75000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The goal of this project is to obtain a global and precise description of turbulence in protoplanetary discs. Protoplanetary discs are made of gas and dust orbiting around a young star. Among other things, we think discs are the birth place of planets. From the lifetime of these objects, we know that protoplanetary discs are accreting, i.e. matter is slowly ``falling'' on the central star. However, in order to explain the accretion of matter, astrophysicists have to assume that discs are turbulent. The way turbulence is sustained in these objects is still strongly debated. However, the magnetorotational instability is one of the most promising candidates to explain the anomalous transport observed in discs. The plasma in protoplanetary discs is known to be weakly ionised. Detailed calculations have shown that in such plasmas, a nonideal MHD effect known as the Hall effect should be dominant. The HallDiscs project will tackle the complex problem of MHD turbulence in a realistic model of accretion disc dominated by the Hall effect. It will in particular evaluate the importance of the Hall effect in the nonlinear regime of the MRI, where developed turbulence is found. This is of particular importance as this nonideal MHD effect can create new instabilities which could dramatically modify our vision of protoplanetary discs turbulence. This proposal relies on the use of a very efficient and highly accurate spectral MHD code to perform Hall-MHD numerical simulations. The HallDiscs project will provide unprecedented constrains on the properties of MHD turbulence in discs, the conditions associated with jet launching from discs and the initial stages of planet formation. Furthermore, this project offers a unique opportunity to bring back to IPAG the expertise in numerical MHD I have gained during my postdoctoral experience in Cambridge.

Keywords: astrophysics,computational physics,plasma physics