Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
The Welfare State in a Complex World Taxes and Benefits in a Diverse Society (WSCWTBDS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Individuals, institutions and markets
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2010-AdG_20100407, 2010)
Start date: 2011-04-01
End date: 2017-03-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2446857.0
EU funding (EUR): 2446857.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Empirical studies of labour supply at the microeconomic level describe a diverse society with heterogeneous agents and stress the importance of the participation decision, to work or not to work. The aim of this project is to improve our knowledge of the properties of the optimal tax and benefit systems in the extensive model in the presence of heterogeneity. The proposal has a theoretical part and an empirical part. The theoretical part deals with four applications of the extensive model: (1) family benefits and the interaction between household transfers and income taxes; (2) fraud and tax evasion; (3) indirect taxes; (4) dynamic aspects, such as capital taxation and the life-cycle. The empirical part is based on microeconomic data sets. It is made of three different projects: (1) how much of the difference in the number of hours worked in France, the UK and the USA can be assigned to differences in the tax and benefit structure of these countries?; (2) the role of taxes and benefits in the participation decisions of United Kingdom couples, 1979-2008; (3) pensions, savings, and the decision to retire in the United Kingdom.
Processing Activates Specific Constraints for Language Acquisition (PASCAL)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The Human Mind and its complexity
Countries involved: Italy
Call:  (ERC-2010-AdG_20100407, 2010)
Start date: 2011-07-01
End date: 2016-06-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2500000.0
EU funding (EUR): 2500000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

PASCAL is a project to investigate the human ability to acquire language, and the underlying biological endowment that provides specific language learning mechanisms. Clearly, language acquisition (LA) starts at birth, rendering neonates the first population to investigate, to get the full picture of how LA unfolds. PASCAL’s first objective is thus to investigate core cognitive dispositions, which render neonates able to interact with speech signals. We will focus on the neonates’ and young infants’ abilities to process auditory signals and to store them in memory. The second objective is to identify biological constraints that determine LA dispositions, in particular we will study the speech perception preferences in infants who do not yet produce speech, to understand if practice with the articulators is necessary to determine such preferences. The third objective, linked to the former one, is to understand the beginning of prosodic grouping abilities that might trigger the initialization of grammar. The fourth objective is to identify the origin of the functional specialization of segmental categories in speech processing. How early in life do consonants become specialized for lexical processing, and vowels for the extraction of regularities? The fifth objective is to explore a basic issue in LA, namely the type of bilingual exposure at different ages and their consequences for the enhancement of executive functions. We will also develop games to promote executive functions to complement the full immersion into a new language that children may get at different points in time. The results of this part of our project might have an important impact on educational policies.

Keywords: neonates,neuroimaging,infants,development,rhythm,bilingualism
Combining epidemiology and radiobiology to assess cancer risks in the breast, lung, thyroid and digestive tract after exposures to ionizing radiation with total doses in the order of 100 mSv or below (EPIRADBIO)

Framework: FP7 — Euratom
Programme: Nuclear fission and radiation protection
Theme: Radiation protection
Destination: Radiation Protection
Action type: Collaborative project
Countries involved: Germany,France,United Kingdom,Finland,Italy,Sweden,United Kingdom,Germany,Germany,Russian Federation,Sweden,Ukraine,United Kingdom,Netherlands,United Kingdom,Germany
Call:  (FP7-Fission-2010, 2010)
Start date: 2011-04-01
End date: 2015-03-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 9935943.8
EU funding (EUR): 5818073.2
Participants: 20
Project status: CLOSED

Recent epidemiological studies suggest that cancer risk after exposures with doses comparable to the dose limits for occupationally exposed workers may be larger than assumed by ICRP in the derivation of these limits. The value of cancer risk from such exposures and its dependence on tissue, radiation type and individual factors is largely unknown. The innovative approach proposed here combines epidemiology and radiobiology in order to quantify cancer risks after low-dose or low-dose-rate exposures to ionizing radiation. Key factors of radiation induced carcinogenesis such as genomic instability will be measured in cancer tissues and blood samples from members of the following radio-epidemiological cohorts: French Haemangioma Cohort, Mayak Worker Cohort and thyroid cancer cases after the Chernobyl accident. Inter-cellular communication after exposure to low-dose radiation exposure and its influence on apoptosis, cell proliferation, differentiation and genomic instability will be explored with 2D cell cultures and 3D tissue models. This includes research on stem cells, which will be isolated from healthy human breast tissue. The results of the radiobiological studies will be integrated in the development of models of carcinogenesis for evaluation of major epidemiological cohorts: Atomic Bomb Survivors, French-Swedish-Italian Thyroid Cancer Cohort, Mayak Worker Cohort, Swedish Haemangioma Cohort, UkrAm Cohort on thyroid cancer after the Chernobyl accident, and UK National Registry for Radiation Workers. Cancer risk will be determined for the breast, lung, thyroid and the digestive tract after low-dose-rate exposure to low-LET radiation (external gamma radiation and internal radiation from 131I) and to high-LET radiation (alpha-particles from incorporated plutonium). Lifetime cancer risks including individual risk factors will be calculated to establish a new basis for deriving dose limits and estimating cancer risks including those from medical diagnostic exposures.

Keywords: low dose,radiation induced breast cancer,lung cancer
An Inquiry into Modes of Existence (AIME)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Institutions, values, beliefs and behaviour
Countries involved: France
Call:  (ERC-2010-AdG_20100407, 2010)
Start date: 2011-09-01
End date: 2015-06-30
Duration (months): 46.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1334720.0
EU funding (EUR): 1334720.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

AIME is an inquiry to make more precise what is lumped together into the confusing word "modernization". The work done in the field of science studies (STS) on the progress and practice of science and technology has had the consequence of deeply modifying the definition of "modernity", resulting into the provocative idea that "we (meaning the Europeans) have never been modern". This is, however only a negative definition. To obtain a positive rendering of the European current situation, it is necessary to start an inquiry in the complex and conflicting set of values that have been invented. This inquiry is possible only if there is a clear and shareable way to judge the differences in the set of truth-conditions that make up those conflicting sets of values. AIME offers a grammar of those differences based on the key notion of modes of existence. Then it builds a procedure and an instrument to test this grammar into a selected set of situations where the definitions of the differing modes of existence is redefined and renegotiated. The result is a set of shareable definitions of what modernization has been in practice. This is important just at the moment when Europe has lost its privileged status and needs to be able to present itself in a new ways to the other cultures and civilizations which are making up the world of globalization with very different views on what it is to modernize themselves.

Keywords: europe,values,social theory,science and technology studies,modernity,globalization,pragmatism,epistemology,public
Liquidity and Risk in Macroeconomic Models (LIQRISK)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Individuals, institutions and markets
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call:  (ERC-2010-AdG_20100407, 2010)
Start date: 2011-08-01
End date: 2016-07-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2070570.0
EU funding (EUR): 2070570.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The proposal is motivated by the need to incorporate financial realities into macroeconomic models. The objective is to introduce leverage and liquidity in standard dynamic general equilibrium models and analyze their macroeconomic implications. The proposal is divided into two sub-projects and analyzes two different aspects of liquidity. The first deals with leverage and market liquidity in developed financial economies. The second examines the demand for liquid assets by emerging countries and its global implications. In the first sub-project, the proposal breaks new ground in the understanding of the dynamics of risk and in explaining some important features of the recent crisis. The project particularly emphasizes the role of self-fulfilling changes in expectations that can lead to sudden large shifts in risk. This can take the form of a financial panic with a big drop in asset prices. Various extensions will investigate the empirical implications as well as the implications for international capital flows, exchange rates, macroeconomic activity and policy recommendations. In the second sub-project, the objective is to formalize and analyze different degrees of liquidity in international capital flows. The project will innovate in finding ways to model liquidity in dynamic open economy models. This will allow a better understanding of the recent pattern in international capital flows, where less developed countries lend to richer economies. It will also shed light on the evolution of global imbalances before and after the crisis.
The emergence of understanding from the combination of innate mechanisms and visual experience (DIGITALBABY)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The Human Mind and its complexity
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (ERC-2010-AdG_20100407, 2010)
Start date: 2011-06-01
End date: 2016-05-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1647175.0
EU funding (EUR): 1647175.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The goal of this research initiative is to construct large-scale computational modeling of how knowledge of the world emerges from the combination of innate mechanisms and visual experience. The ultimate goal is a ‘digital baby’ model which, through perception and interaction with the world, develops on its own representations of complex concepts that allow it to understand the world around it, in terms of objects, object categories, events, agents, actions, goals, social interactions, etc. A wealth of empirical research in the cognitive sciences have studied how natural concepts in these domains are acquired spontaneously and efficiently from perceptual experience, but a major open challenge is an understating of the processes and computations involved by rigorous testable models. To deal with this challenge we propose a novel methodology based on two components. The first, ‘computational Nativism’, is a computational theory of cognitively and biologically plausible innate structures , which guide the system along specific paths through its acquisition of knowledge, to continuously acquire meaningful concepts, which can be significant to the observer, but statistically inconspicuous in the sensory input. The second, ‘embedded interpretation’ is a new way of acquiring extended learning and interpretation processes. This is obtained by placing perceptual inference mechanisms within a broader perception-action loop, where the actions in the loop are not overt actions, but internal operation over internal representation. The results will provide new modeling and understanding of the age-old problem of how innate mechanisms and perception are combined in human cognition, and may lay foundation for a major research direction dealing with computational cognitive development.

Keywords: cognition modles computational vision learning development innate
CRYSTALLINE ROCK RETENTION PROCESSES (CROCK)

Framework: FP7 — Euratom
Programme: Nuclear fission and radiation protection
Theme: Radioactive waste management
Destination: Management of Ultimate Radioactive Waste
Action type: Collaborative project
Countries involved: Germany,Spain,Spain,Germany,Sweden,Czechia,Russian Federation,Finland,Sweden
Call:  (FP7-Fission-2010, 2010)
Start date: 2011-01-01
End date: 2013-06-30
Duration (months): 30.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1789230.6
EU funding (EUR): 1057927.4
Participants: 10
Project status: CLOSED

The EURATOM FP7 Collaborative Project “Crystalline Rock Retention Processes” (CP CROCK) is established with the overall objective to develop a methodology for decreasing the uncertainty in the long-term prediction of the radionuclide migration in the crystalline rock far-field. The project is launched in response to the need identified in conjunction with selection of retention data for the forthcoming crystalline host-rock HLW disposal Safety Case. The process of selecting a set of data for this purpose showed that the spread in data is broad and that this spread in data cannot presently be related to material properties or processes. Consequently, very conservative numbers need to be used in order to be defendable within the Safety Case. This does not lead to unacceptable dose predictions, but remains highly unsatisfactorily. The project makes use of the broad set of existing analytical approaches, methodologies, and general knowledge from decades of past investigations. It builds on the output and main conclusions of the 6th FP IP FUNMIG project and the Swedish site selection program. The experimental program reaches from the nano-resolution to the PA relevant real site scale, delineating physical and chemical retention processes. Existing and new analytical information provided within the project is used to set up step-wise methodologies for up-scaling of processes from the nano-scale through to the PA relevant km-scale. Modeling includes testing up-scaling process and parameters for the application to PA and in particular, the reduction of uncertainty. The 21/2 years project is implemented by a consortium with 10 Beneficiaries consisting of large European Research Institutions, Universities and SME’s and from countries with dedicated crystalline host-rock disposal programs and particular competence in this field. National Waste Management organizations participate as associated groups, contributing with co-funding to beneficiaries, infrastructure, knowledge and information. They also contribute together with national regulators to guidance with respect to application of the project to the disposal Safety Case and scientific-technical review.

Keywords: crystalline rock,radionuclide migration,far-field
The merging of the senses: understanding multisensory experience (MULTISENSE)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The Human Mind and its complexity
Countries involved: Germany,Germany
Call:  (ERC-2010-AdG_20100407, 2010)
Start date: 2011-08-01
End date: 2016-07-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 3472800.0
EU funding (EUR): 3472800.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

The integration of information across different sensory channels is a fundamental problem that we have to solve in every moment of daily life. We will study four key aspects of multisensory processing that are currently unresolved: (1) the role of dynamic binding in multisensory experience; (2) the role of action and sensorimotor contingencies in multisensory processing; (3) the modulation of multisensory experience by top-down factors; (4) the adaptivity of these three mechanisms in conditions of altered multisensory experience. We will apply psychophysiological, behavioural and physiological approaches in studies on human subjects and combine these with advanced signal analysis approaches and computational modelling. The project objectives are: to test the role of dynamic crossmodal binding in multisensory processing; to address multisensory processing in rarely studied modalities such as pain and olfaction; to test the role of active sensorimotor exploration for multisensory experience; to study the role of top-down factors such as attention, or semantic knowledge; to address pathophysiological implications in congenitally blind subjects and synesthetes; to manipulate crossmodal interactions by application of multi-site TMS; to investigate dynamic crossmodal interactions in subjects undergoing training with an innovative sensory substitution device; to derive computational models of crossmodal integration to account for the empirical findings; and to explore the potential of our approach for enhancing human performance in application scenarios that exploit multisensory experience. Taken together, our proposal constitutes a highly innovative and systematic approach that will foster our understanding of the nature and mechanisms of unified multisensory experience.

Keywords: multisensory integration,binding,sensory substitution,computational neuroscience,meg,eeg,oscillations,coherence
Towards a self sustaining European Technology Platform (NERIS-TP) on Preparedness for Nuclear and Radiological Emergency Response and Recovery (NERIS-TP)

Framework: FP7 — Euratom
Programme: Nuclear fission and radiation protection
Theme: Radiation protection
Destination: Radiation Protection
Action type: Collaborative project
Countries involved: Germany,France,Norway,Slovakia,Finland,Spain,France,Romania,Greece,Denmark,Denmark,Ukraine,Germany,Belgium,United Kingdom,Denmark,United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-Fission-2010, 2010)
Start date: 2011-02-01
End date: 2014-01-31
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2722760.0
EU funding (EUR): 1455747.5
Participants: 21
Project status: CLOSED

This project aims on the one hand to keep the momentum gained through the European Project EURANOS in establishing a platform where the operational and research community can meet and discuss with all the relevant stakeholders the topics related to emergency response and recovery preparedness and on the other hand to tackle urgent research topics in the area of nuclear emergency response and recovery preparedness. It addresses the call Fission-2010-3.3.1: European platform on emergency and post-accident preparedness and management. Through a collaboration of industry, research and governmental organisations in Europe, methodological aspects and computational models will be developed to be consistent with recent recommendations from international bodies such as the ICRP (International Commission of Radiation Protection) and improve Europe’s response by coupling the decision support systems with an early notification system such as ECURIE. Within this project, a platform will be established that will be a unique place for combined meeting of the research and the operational community.

Keywords: european technology platform,nuclear,radiological emergency,response and recovery,decision support
Migration and New Diversities in Global Cities: Comparatively Conceiving, Observing and Visualizing Diversification in Urban Public Spaces (GLOBALDIVERCITIES)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Institutions, values, beliefs and behaviour
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (ERC-2010-AdG_20100407, 2010)
Start date: 2011-05-01
End date: 2016-04-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2291200.0
EU funding (EUR): 2291200.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

How can people live together, with ever more diverse characteristics, in the world’s rapidly expanding cities? The UN estimates a doubling of world urban population by 2050. Meanwhile, global migration flows show profound diversification of migrants’ nationality, ethnicity, language, gender balance, age, human capital and legal status. Everywhere, migrants with complex ‘new diversity’ traits dwell in cities alongside people from previous, ‘old diversity’ waves. The dynamics of diversification – despite their increasing ubiquity – remain seriously under-researched. We know little about how people in diversifying urban settings create new patterns of coexistence, or how and why they might tend toward conflict. This project’s core research question is: In public spaces compared across cities, what accounts for similarities and differences in social and spatial patterns that arise under conditions of diversification, when new diversity-meets-old diversity? The project entails inter-disciplinary, multi-method research in New York (a classic city of immigration with new global migrant flows in a broadly supportive political context), Singapore (dominated by racial-cultural politics, and wholly dependent on new, highly restricted migrants), and Johannesburg (emerging from Apartheid with tensions around unregulated new, pan-African migrant flows). Spanning anthropology and human geography to research the changing nature of diversity and its socio-spatial patterns, strategic methods entail ‘conceiving’ (exploring how old and new diversities are locally understood), ‘observing’ (producing ethnographies of interaction) and ‘visualizing’ (using images and innovative data mapping). Findings will significantly advance social scientific understanding of far-reaching global trends.

Keywords: diversity,urban studies,migration,public space,new york,singapore,johannesburg
Poverty, Resource Equality, and Social Policies (PORESP)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Individuals, institutions and markets
Countries involved: Belgium
Call:  (ERC-2010-AdG_20100407, 2010)
Start date: 2011-06-01
End date: 2017-05-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1350000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1350000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This project aims at revisiting the economics of poverty by using recent advances in welfare economics. First, poverty measurement theory will be enriched by taking account of individual preferences over the several dimensions of poverty. New poverty indices will be defined. They will be applied using panel data of material standard of living and subjective satisfaction to study the recent evolution of poverty in developed societies. Second, the ethical value of poverty reduction will be added to theories of social welfare based on equality of opportunities. New evaluation criteria of taxation policies will be derived. These criteria will be applied to the design of fiscal reforms.

Keywords: welfare economics,poverty measurement,optimal taxation,identity economics,other-regarding preferences