Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Advanced epitaxy of metamorphic semiconductor structures for multijunction solar cells (METACELLS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IOF, 2011)
Start date: 2013-03-01
End date: 2016-02-29
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 256206.0
EU funding (EUR): 256206.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The objective of METACELLS project is to develop the epitaxy technique for the growth of metamorphic semiconductor structures that allow to realize the full efficiency potential of concentrator multijunction solar cells, paying special attention to the subsequent manufacturability and cost-effectiveness of the solar cells developed. Eventually, this growth technique will allow to fabricate a monolithic multijunction (3 - 4 junctions) solar cell exhibiting ~75% of the maximum theoretical efficiency calculated for the standard direct terrestrial spectrum (i.e. approaching 50%) at 1000 suns, using only one growth step and minimizing costly post-processing. The implementation of the optimum subcells bandgap combination, using materials with the required photovoltaic quality will be pursued. The metamorphic MOVPE growth technique will be revisited by in-depth understanding of strain and relaxation dynamics during growth of lattice-mismatched layers, using in-situ monitoring, which will be the central research topic. Development and functional multijunction cell structures, including the tunnel junctions, optimized for operation at 1000 suns, is aimed. The epitaxy routines for the growth of the step-graded buffer layers will be cost-optimized so that the process time and gases consumption are reduced while keeping the material quality unaffected. A decrease around 10% is projected to be attained, resulting in a similar reduction in fabrication cost. The accomplishment of METACELLS project objectives will contribute to widen current European excellence in high efficiency concentrator cells development and industrialization, allowing the many companies involved in this business to lead the market with the best performing product. This will enable Europe’s involvement in further research for solar cell development and will pave the way for the attainment of a photovoltaic technology suitable for mass production of electricity at competitive cost.

Keywords: pv cells,pv multijunction cells,pv manufacturing processes,pv concentrators,pv materials,materials engineering
Quantum Entanglement and Topological Phases of Matter (QETPM)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Ireland
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IIF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-05-08
End date: 2014-05-07
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 191938.2
EU funding (EUR): 191938.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

We propose to study topologically ordered phases of matter, especially those that are of potential use for topological quantum computation. The research proposed is organized along two intertwined lines . 1. The first line focuses on the physical realization of topologically ordered phases in systems of bosons or fermions on a two dimensional lattice, subject to strong real or "synthetic" magnetic fields. We plan to study these systems using the analytical and numerical tools which have been developed for the study of the two dimensional electron liquids of the fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE). The effects of the lattice on the known FQH states will be studied, and newly emerging states which can only exist in the presence of a lattice, will be explored. These states may in principle be realized in ultrcold Bose and Fermi gases subject to an optical lattice potential. 2. The second line of research deals with the detection and characterization of topological order, initially in models, but with a view to experiment, using tools based on quantum entanglement of many body states, such as the topological entanglement entropy. Concrete plans include numerical calculation of the entanglement entropy in a variety of systems, using a variational Monte Carlo code based on the so called replica method. This method has not been tried before in this context and promises to allow for larger system sizes and better extrapolation to the thermodynamic limit (this has been a problem with earlier calculations). After extensive testing on simpler models, we plan to apply these new tools to the study of fractional quantum Hall systems, especially the lattice FQH systems studied in research line 1.

Keywords: physical sciences,topological order,quantum computation,fractional quantum hall effec,condensed matter phyiscs,entanglement entropy
Spectral Analysis of Non-selfadjoint and Selfadjoint Operators - New Methods and Applications (SPECANSO)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IIF, 2011)
Start date: 2013-02-27
End date: 2015-02-26
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 278807.4
EU funding (EUR): 278807.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This project will focus on the development of new methods for the study of spectral problems of non-selfadjoint operators and the application of these methods to real-world problems. We will organise a range of activities to promote our research and, more generally, mathematical analysis to scientists and students. Non-selfadjoint operators and spectral problems arise naturally in many application areas such as hydrodynamics and MHD, lasers, scattering and inverse scattering problems, and numerical methods for photonic crystal fibres. The spectral behaviour of these operators exhbits many new phenomena compared to selfadjoint operators. The spectral theorem and variational principles are not valid. Unable to make use of these methods, we turn to an exciting technique, boundary triples, with which we have already recently obtained very general results for PDEs under minimal and natural hypotheses, with few technical complications. Our first problem we will consider is the explicit construction of a functional model for a wide class of operators. This will yield many new results for differential operators in terms of their coefficients rather than in completely abstract terms as at present. Our second problem is to analyse the `detectable subspace' in inverse problems: the maximal part of the operator which can be reconstructed from boundary measurements. Further problems will include PT-symmetric operators and operators with almost Hermitian spectrum. Finally, we will investigate in detail a class of highly singular ODEs. Our outreach activities will include the organisation of two workshops for scientists, several lecture series, as well as a summer school for postgraduates and some workshops for undergraduate students.

Keywords: mathematical analysis,mathematical physics,differential equations,functional analysis,spectral theory,operator theory
Nonuniversal statistics in MHD turbulence (MHDTURB)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-05-01
End date: 2014-04-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 193594.8
EU funding (EUR): 193594.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The nature of interactions between different scales in magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence is paramount for the understanding of flows occurring in fusion plasmas, the geospace, the heliosphere, the interstellar medium, and their influence for example on cosmic ray propagation, the solar-terrestrial interactions. The different degrees of nonuniversality observed at present studies, and the existence of nonlocal processes in MHD turbulent flows, call for a discussion about the validity of the locality hypothesis of scale interactions and the universality in MHD turbulence. We try to gain insight into this problem by performing high fidelity computations of MHD turbulence for massive parallel computers. We focus on the origins of nonuniversal statistics that are hidden in the complex dynamics of MHD turbulence, such as turbulent cascades, scale interactions, energy transfer and dissipation. We examine the long-range interactions, which are associated with departures from universality and can lead to the persistence of small-scale anisotropies and the development of intermittency.

Keywords: turbulence in electrically conducting fluids,theoretical fluid and plasma dynamics,computational physics,nonlinear physics
The Allies, the European Resistance and the Origins of the Cold War in Europe (AEROCWE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IOF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-09-01
End date: 2016-08-30
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 271943.7
EU funding (EUR): 271943.7
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The project, developed in connection with Cambridge Faculty of History (UK) and Harvard University (USA), addresses the Allied policy towards resistance groups during World War II and its impact on post-war political and ideological divisions. With a comparative approach and the use of newly declassified records, the research will shed light on the way the allies struck the balance between military and political goals in dealing with the resistance movements during the war. The research is linked with a multiplicity of historical problems which will be taken into account: the politics of communist movements between war and revolution in Central and Eastern Europe; the relationship between the Western Allies and the Soviet Union and the Allies’ perception of the latter; the Anglo-American cooperation and competition in the field of intelligence; the use of special operations as an instrument of foreign policy, especially in regard to countries where the development of resistance movements had a strong impact on post-war settlement (e.g. Yugoslavia, Greece and Poland). The particular contribution of the project is to bring together aspects which are usually addressed separately: the different national scenarios, whose connections and mutual influence will be investigated; the two Western intelligence agencies, which have been researched mostly in separate ways by scholars of the corresponding nationalities; the Soviet and Western allies’ policies. The project will be conducted combining the history of intelligence, diplomatic history and military history. The result will be the first comprehensive book on this topic, and an important contribution to the scholarship on World War II and the origins of the Cold War in Europe.

Keywords: contemporary history,world war ii,intelligence,cold war
PROBESENS – PRessure Optical fibre BiomEdical SENSor (PROBESENS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Ireland
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-09-17
End date: 2014-09-16
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 191938.2
EU funding (EUR): 191938.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The goal of the proposed project is to develop a novel, non-invasive and biocompatible fibre optic sensor for pressure monitoring in biomedical applications. The project is hosted by the Optical Fibre Sensors Research Centre (OFSRL) at the University of Limerick, Ireland. Fibre optic sensors (FOS) represent the best performing sensing technology for pressure, strain and temperature detection. FOS are extremely sensitive, non-invasive and biocompatible, extremely suitable for application in biomedical sensors. In this framework, OFSRL is currently developing a fibre optics biomedical sensor for measurement of vesicourethral pressure for diagnosing urodynamic disorders. Preliminary experiments and trials show that this instrument provides increased performance and is more comfortable for patients than alternative technologies. On the other side, FOS technologies are not converging to commercial products as fast as expected; their main problems are the overwhelming costs and the impracticality to make fully portable devices. To this end, the applicant has developed a solid background on building low-cost, miniature, and portable interrogation system for FOS solutions, using “cheap” signal processing in lieu of expensive optics. Applied to the biomedical sensor under development, this would create an inexpensive and portable system. Merging together the OFSRL work on this biomedical instrument with the applicant’s specific competences in fibre sensor design, it is possible to improve the urethral sensing system to a non-invasive, fully-portable, and high-performance prototype. This represents the workflow of the research project. The utlimate step involves the technology transfer of this prototype from academia to industry. The proposed project addresses the FP7 work programme as it aims to develop cross-functional skills, create ongoing collaborations for further research projects and establishing a more effective technology transfer mindset.

Keywords: technological sciences,health sciences,biomedical engineering,applied optics
A novel role for histone chaperones in the dynamics of non-conventional substrates, the CENP-T/-W, complex at the centromere. (CENHFDC)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-03-01
End date: 2014-06-20
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 201932.4
EU funding (EUR): 201932.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Two essential phases exist in centromere assembly and maturation during the cell cycle; a G1 phase in which CENP-A is replenished to establish replication competent centromeres and a late-S/G2 phase, in which additional assembly events establish a centromeric substrate competent for kinetochore assembly. The centromere provides a unique context in which to examine the question of epigenetic inheritance. Centromere protein A (CENP-A) is a conserved histone H3 variant that replaces canonical H3 specifically at centromeres in all known eukaryotes. CENP-A, which is manufactured in one cell cycle does not assemble into the centromere until passage through mitosis into telophase of the subsequent cell cycle (Jansen et al., 2007), dependent on a unique factor, HJURP, for deposition and maintenance (Dunleavy et al., 2009; Foltz et al., 2009). A histone H3-associated histone fold complex of the centromere, the CENP-T/W complex, assembles specifically through a dynamic exchange mechanism in late S-Phase and G2 (Prendergast et al., 2011). The CENP-T/-W complex is necessary for successful mitosis (Hori et al., 2008; Prendergast et al., 2011). We hypothesise that assembly factors are involved in the loading of the CENP-T/-W complex to the centromere during S-Phase. To investigate this we have purified soluble pre-deposition CENP-W complexes. Several proteins identified as CENP-W interactors by mass spectrometry, including the FACT complex (SSRP1 / Spt16), have previously been reported as histone chaperones. We hypothesize that one (or more) of these candidates plays a role in the post-replicative preparation of centromeric chromatin for kinetochore assembly, through handling unconventional substrates, the CENP-T/-W complex.

Keywords: cell biology,biology,centromere,epigenetics,histone chaperone
3D modelling of the performance and variability of high electron mobility transistors for future digital applications (PERSEUS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF, 2011)
Start date: 2013-02-01
End date: 2015-01-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 200371.8
EU funding (EUR): 200371.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The current bulk transistor technology will not deliver an ITRS prescribed on-current at and beyond the 22 nm technology generation. A radical change in the device architecture will occur to sustain the device performance and reduce power dissipation. For this reason, Intel has recently announced that they will use a non-planar, 3D Tri-Gate architecture in mass production for the 22 nm technology. In this highly interdisciplinary proposal, we will analyse the feasibility of two novel MOSFETs based on III-V materials channel as future contenders for digital applications. These transistors are Implant Free Quantum Well devices and III-V on insulator FinFETs. Their performance and scalability will be assessed for three technological nodes (22, 16 and 12 nm). We will also study the impact that different sources of intrinsic parameter fluctuations have on their performance and reliability. The effect of the random dopants, gate work-function, oxide or interface charge variability on the threshold voltage, subthreshold slope or on-current of the devices will be evaluated and the impact on circuit design determined. Hierarchical device simulation approaches will be employed, including 2D and 3D Non-Equilibrium Green´s Functions, 2D and 3D Finite-Element Monte Carlo, and 3D Finite-Element Drift-Diffusion simulations. The numerical algorithms implemented in these simulation tools will be optimised and parallelised in order to minimise the computational cost. We will analyse different resolution methods, like Krylov subspace solvers and multigrid techniques, assisted by preconditioners, including domain decomposition methods, which are employed in the solution of the linear systems of equations. The simulation codes will be ported to and optimised for different computational infrastructures, such as high performance computers, Grid and Cloud.

Keywords: 3d modelling,parallel computing,distributed computing,computational physics,electron-based nano devices
Human pluripotent stem cells for modeling and correcting long-QT syndrome (HPSCLQT)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-05-01
End date: 2014-04-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 183805.8
EU funding (EUR): 183805.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The long QT syndrome (LQTS) is an inherited or acquired disorder characterized by delayed ventricular repolarization predisposing affected individuals to fatal cardiac arrhythmias. In ~90% of the familial cases, LQTS is associated with mutation in two potassium voltage-gated channel genes: KCNQ1, causing LQT1, and KCNH2, causing LQT2. Since the first report of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC), lines have been obtained from patients with both genetic and sporadic diseases. LQT1- and LQT2-hiPSC recapitulate the disease phenotype and they have been used to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms. The aims of this project are 1) to correct LQT1- and LQT2-causing mutations in patient-specific hiPSC; 2) to target the same nucleotide changes in human embryonic stem cells (hESC); 3) to characterize the electrophysiological phenotype of cardiomyocytes derived from “genetically corrected” patient-specific iPSCs and from mutated hESCs; and 4) to compare the pharmacological response of derivative cardiomyocytes. Gene targeting in hiPSC and in hESC will be performed using conventional homologous recombination techniques. Correcting the mutation in hiPSC will allow us to assess whether the mutation is causally linked to the electrophysiological phenotype. By targeting the same mutations in hESC, causality of the individual genetic defects will be confirmed and model systems of LQT1 and LQT2 will be generated (panel of diverse single mutations in one genetic background). We will also determine whether the mutations increase drug sensitivity thereby enhancing arrhythmogenic risk. Myocytes harboring LQTS-associated mutation will provide a crucial tool to screen drug compounds for the future development of pharmacological therapy.

Keywords: cardiology,genetic engineering,cell biology,molecular genetics,molecular biology,human pluripotent stem cells,gene targeting,disease modeling,long-qt syndrome,drug screening
Imaging 3D mantle and geological structures beneath Europe by the joint inversion of body wave and surface wave anisotropy (JIBSA)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-09-01
End date: 2014-08-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 269096.4
EU funding (EUR): 269096.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The project concerns relating the lithospheric and deep mantle structures with the surface geology beneath the European continent. The investigations will be based on the rich digital sets of seismograms registered at the networks of European seismological stations such as the Virtual European Broadband Network. Using information from different types of seismic waves will provide complementary sampling of the mantle. I will apply the innovative method based on the joint inversion of surface wave and SKS anisotropy. The challenging part of the modeling based on tomography methods concerns taking into account not only radial but also azimuthal anisotropy which plays a key role in understanding the geodynamic phenomena. The mantle convection in the Euro-Mediterranean area is very complex and seismic azimuthal anisotropy should be a perfect indicator for mapping mantle flow. The multidisciplinary aspect of the project concerns integrating recent data from other fields of geophysical modeling: gravimetry, heat flow measurements. The petrological as well as tectonic interpretation will ensure giving geological meaning to seismic models. The impact of such kind of researches results in the improved understanding of the geodynamical processes related to tectonic plate movements, causing the increased seismicity in the contact zones, and more effective earthquake hazard mitigation and prediction. The two-year fellowship gives me a tremendous opportunity to obtain maturity in my seismological researches thanks to training in inversion and spectral element methods in the host IPGP – one of the leading research and educational organizations in France. Improving my scientific French will be a great asset to my future cooperation with French seismologists. A set of proposed complementary skills will be of the utter importance for effectively communicating my scientific results and popularizing the Earth sciences among young people.

Keywords: earth sciences,geophysical sciences,seismology,inversion methods,modelling tools,body waves,surface waves,upper mantle,anisotropy