Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
SUPERSTAR FIRMS IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY (SUPERSTARFIRMS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Individuals, institutions and markets
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2011-ADG_20110406, 2011)
Start date: 2012-04-01
End date: 2017-03-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1254875.0
EU funding (EUR): 1254875.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The study of international trade has made huge advances in recent decades by moving away from a perfectly competitive view of the world, and allowing for increasing returns and product diversity. However, in this effort it has borrowed very selectively from the theory of industrial organization. Both the “new trade theory revolution” of Krugman and others, and the more recent development of models with firm heterogeneity by Melitz and others, have entrenched the position of monopolistic competition as the dominant approach to modelling international trade. This ignores the insights of oligopoly theory, since it assumes that all firms are infinitesimal in scale, are equally likely to exit in a given period, and do not interact strategically. It also sits uneasily with a growing body of empirical work which shows that much of international trade is accounted for by very large firms. My project aims to bridge this gap by extending the theory of oligopoly and trade. Drawing on my past work, I propose to develop a new theoretical framework which recognizes the central role played by “superstar firms” while also allowing for entry of new firms and for interactions between sectors in general equilibrium. This involves three distinct strands. First is the development of models with a small number of large firms, interacting strategically with each other, while simultaneously competing against a “monopolistically competitive fringe” of small firms. Second is the application of these models to allow for a broader range of behaviour by large firms, including strategic investment in research and development, and a proliferation of products produced and markets served. And third is to use the techniques of monotone comparative statics to explore the properties of superstar-firm models, and to derive testable predictions from them.

Keywords: heterogeneous firms,monopolistic competition,monotone comparative statics,oligopoly,trade liberalization
Willing to Pay? Testing Institutionalist Theory with Experiments (WILLINGTOPAY)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Institutions, values, beliefs and behaviour
Countries involved: Italy
Call:  (ERC-2011-ADG_20110406, 2011)
Start date: 2012-09-01
End date: 2017-08-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2491135.0
EU funding (EUR): 2491135.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The project will combine experimental techniques and methodologies with historically informed institutionalist analysis in order to more fully test and explore the relationships between institutions, policy regimes and citizen’s policy choices in different welfare states. The research will extend the current work in experimental economics and cognitive science by designing experiments that are modeled on real world institutions and policy choices in several different countries. Specifically we will focus on two sets of redistributive policy issues: Taxation and public pensions in four democratic nations: Sweden, Italy, Britain and the United States. The basic point will be to build a series of scenarios that will allow us to test how different institutional contexts frame or shape citizens’ decisions and thereby better understand how they perceive and process different policy choices and trade-offs. Throughout the study, historical institutionalist country specialists will work intensively with the experiments in each round, so that we can both refine the experiments in ways that can make them more realistic within different national contexts, but equally importantly so that we can build experiments that will test the specific hypotheses generated by these country specialists. I believe that only when we better understand both what citizens in different polities actually believe about their state, and why, can we build realistic models to understand how their policy systems can be reformed or adapted in the context of the enormous pressures they face today. This research will thus combine the strengths of classical historical institutionalist analysis with recent developments in cognitive and evolutionary science and decision theory.

Keywords: historical institutionalism,institutional theory,experiments,policy preferences,tax policy,pension systems,welfare state
Ways of writing. How physicians know, 1550-1950 (PAPERTECH)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The study of the human past
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (ERC-2011-ADG_20110406, 2011)
Start date: 2012-10-01
End date: 2017-09-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2475600.0
EU funding (EUR): 2475600.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

What is paper technology, how does it shape scientific knowledge, and how is this operation interrelated with other domains of the modern world? Downsizing these questions to the field of medicine and its observational practices is the way to achieve these otherwise intractable goals. The first implies the history of medical observations (in any sense) over the long term. The project will explore and demonstrate how writing represents one of the basic operations of a technology of knowledge. The second aim is targeting a history á la longue durée. Demonstrating how shaping knowledge was based on paper technology over this entire period will contribute to the identification of continuities between the early modern period and modern historical eras. This is the fundamentally historical aim of the investigation. The third aim implies an understanding of the relationship between the social world and scientific knowledge. Even the long perspective will show that producing and shaping of knowledge is always intertwined with practices of other social domains – for example, military, judicial, and administrative.

Keywords: history of sciences,history of knowledge,medical observations
Information-processing by individual political actors. The determinants of exposure, attention and action in a comparative perspective (INFOPOL)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Institutions, values, beliefs and behaviour
Countries involved: Belgium,Canada,Israel
Call:  (ERC-2011-ADG_20110406, 2011)
Start date: 2012-10-01
End date: 2017-09-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2497399.97
EU funding (EUR): 2497399.97
Participants: 4
Project status: CLOSED

A well-functioning democracy implies that political actors are aware of the real problems in society, their potential solutions, and the associated preferences of citizens. This requires information about the real world. This project examines how individual political actors process information coming out of society. Its goal is to lay bare the patterns whereby exposure to certain types of information regarding problems lead to specific forms of attention to that information triggering particular kinds of action by political actors. For the first time, this project tackles the information-processing of political actors in a direct, encompassing and comparative manner. Drawing on previous work on agenda-setting, on bounded rationality and on representation the project first develops a theory of individual political actors’ dealing with information. Information-processing depends on properties of the source of information, of the message itself, and of the receiver of the information. Laying bare the information streams and information-processing of political actors is complex. The study assesses the behavior of political actors in three countries (Belgium, Canada and Israel) and across actors’ different institutional positions (MPs, ministers, party leaders). I expect to find differences between institutional position of actors and between nations. In fact, the countries under study have very different political systems which should lead to a different information-processing behavior of elites. The heart of the empirical part of the project is an in-depth, almost ethnographic study of the information-processing of fifty politicians in each country. These actors are observed relying on (a) time-budgeting, (b) participatory observation, and (c) interviews. Apart from this sample of fifty actors, the entire population (or a large sample) of political actors will be scrutinized using (d) surveys, (e) experiments, and (f) behavioral records.
Investigating Networks of Zoonosis Innovation (INZI)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: ERC Advanced Grant Interdisciplinary Panel
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2011-ADG_20110406, 2011)
Start date: 2012-03-01
End date: 2018-02-28
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1539786.0
EU funding (EUR): 1539785.96
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

INZI aims to analyse the complex interplay of actors, policies and projects that have shaped research into and control of Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) until the present day. Research has mainly been steered from outside of Africa, firstly by colonial authorities and latterly by an array of agencies, foundations and international organisations. Despite this, investment in research and control measures has declined and fragmented across Africa. This project seeks to examine, in proper historical context and from a systematic perspective, the evolution of Africa’s HAT research apparatus, to gain insight into the relationship between science and development, and build our understanding of how science can work better for development. INZI will generate a panoptic, integrated analysis of the evolving HAT global assemblage in order to extend our knowledge of 1) The evolving relationship between the organisation of science and the development of material technologies in developing country contexts; 2) The relationship between policy and practice in mediating particular scientific and technological trajectories; and 3) The nature of innovation, what it means in a developing country context, and how it may be promoted. This will significantly advance our understanding of how science is practiced in developing countries, how technologies emerge, and ultimately how science and technological innovation can be organised to ensure development is transformational, not unobtainable. Empirical research will be focused around five ‘research strands’ that each reflects a key modality or dimension of HAT research and control. These strands are: 1) Institutions; 2) Markets; 3) Partnerships; 4) Systems, and 5) Locations. Alongside the development of these five research strands, and in constant interaction with them, a series of connective analytical activities will be designed to truly integrate analysis of ‘micro-level processes’ and ‘macro-structures and forces’.

Keywords: science,technology and development,human african trypanosomiasis,global assemblages
Linkage mechanisms between citizens and the state. Consequences of changing value patterns and expanding participation repertoires. (LINKAGE)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Institutions, values, beliefs and behaviour
Countries involved: Belgium
Call:  (ERC-2011-ADG_20110406, 2011)
Start date: 2012-09-01
End date: 2017-08-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2476800.0
EU funding (EUR): 2476800.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Linkage systems between citizens and the state have been transformed dramatically in previous decades. Structural linkages, like party membership, partisan identities and institutionalized forms of participation (e.g., voting) are in decline, while in a number of countries, political trust too has eroded. Research has shown, however, that this decline does not amount to an alienation of citizens from the political system, as non-institutionalized forms of participation and levels of political interest clearly are not caught in this downward spiral. This project starts from the concept ‘linkage’, to summarize the attitudinal and behavioral network of relations between citizens and the state, and the interaction between these components. Based on the insights of the traditional ‘civic culture’ literature, it is ascertained what consequences these emerging linkage mechanisms might have on the future stability of liberal democracy in Western societies. In the various work packages of the project we investigate the behavioral and electoral consequences of political trust, the stratification and the effectiveness of non-institutionalized forms of political participation and the interrelation between participation and attitudinal orientations toward the political system. The project culminates in a comprehensive volume, based on the question of what are the most likely consequences of changing value patterns and expanding participation repertoires for the functioning of liberal democracy. To a large extent, the empirical work packages are built on survey methods, fully exploiting the availability of recent comparative datasets. In addition we rely on case studies, interviews, content analysis and experimental methods. This project strongly builds on previous research efforts of our research unit, with the aim to arrive a theoretically founded synthesis of empirical findings.

Keywords: political trust,political participation,legitimacy,electoral behavior
Chemical and Optical Properties of Black Carbon Particles (CHEMBC)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Ireland
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IOF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-08-01
End date: 2015-07-31
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 233992.5
EU funding (EUR): 233992.5
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This project has been designed to improve the current scientific understanding of the effects of black carbon (BC) aerosol on climate while simultaneously developing a unique multidisciplinary scientist for a successful research career in Europe. Chemical processing of BC during atmospheric transport leads to changes in its capacity to scatter and absorb solar radiation. The scientific objectives of this project are to investigate the sources and atmospheric processing of BC at local and transboundary scales. At the University of Toronto (UT), the candidate will simultaneously measure the chemical and optical properties of BC using state of the art aerosol instrumentation and data analysis techniques. An intensive multidisciplinary field campaign, involving deployment of a suite of aerosol instrumentation, is planned for the outgoing phase of this project. While based at UT, the candidate will also benefit greatly through taking part in the unique “Leaders of Tomorrow” programme, designed to instil leadership qualities in students and researchers. Upon return to Europe, the candidate will design and install a new combustion and dilution system and interface it with the existing atmospheric simulation chamber at University College Cork. Experiments will be performed under a variety of atmospherically relevant conditions in order to investigate BC particle growth rates and to monitor the evolution of BC chemical and optical properties. Improving the scientific understanding of the effects of BC on climate is recognised as one of the “grand challenges” facing the European Research Area (ERA). The benefit to the ERA lies in improving European excellence in the fields of atmospheric chemistry and physics by training a candidate in state of the art instrumentation and analysis techniques outside Europe, followed by successful reintegration into the European scientific community.

Keywords: aerosols (climate change),black carbon,aerosol mass spectrometry,chemical composition,optical properties,positive matrix factorisation
Dye-Sensitized Metal-Organic Frameworks for Photocatalytic Water Splitting (PHOTOCATMOF)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-04-01
End date: 2014-03-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 209033.4
EU funding (EUR): 209033.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This project is proposed to enhance hydrogen generation form metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for photocatalytic water splitting via dye sensitization. Solar energy-driven renewable hydrogen could transform the supply of carbon free fuel and make an enormous impact on the viability of hydrogen as an energy carrier. Secondary building units (SBUs) in MOFs are typically comprised of transition metal oxide/nitride coordination units that can be considered as semiconductor quantum dots and thus MOFs are regarded as a matrix of such quantum dots. Although MOFs have exhibited the photocatalytic activity for water splitting, the apparent quantum yield is low because of large band gaps of SBUs. Suitable dyes are employed to sensitize the SBU semiconductor quantum dots via post-synthetic modification to enhance the capability to capture visible light, by integrating the concept of dye-sensitized semiconductor into MOF-based photocatalyst. Porosity of MOFs makes it possible to adsorb water molecules inside of free pore space which is expected to capture photoinduced electron for hydrogen generation. This system is well suited for the mechanism study due to the self-containing water molecules. In contrast, water can only be adsorbed on surface of the dense bulk semiconductor via weak interaction. This project stands at the intersection between MOF chemistry and semiconductor science. MOF provides a semiconductor quantum dot matrix and they are stable and free from agglomeration due to the strut of organic linkers, which is the drawback of for bulk and nanosized semiconductor materials. And the quantum effect of SBUs will play a great effect for the photocatalytic performance. Dye sensitization of MOFs fully adopts the merits of both MOF and semiconductor and overcomes their respective drawback for photocatalysis. The scientific and technological strengths identified between the researcher and host, Professor Rosseinsky, University of Liverpool is well aligned to the project.

Keywords: inorganic chemistry,heterogeneous catalysis,physical chemistry,dye sensitization,metal-organic frameworks,photocatalytic water splitting,secondary building units,semiconductor quantum dot
When Diversity Helps or Hurts Creative Cognition: Effects of Counter-stereotypicality, Information Processing Motivation, and Regulatory Closure (CREA.DIV)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-09-01
End date: 2014-08-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 183805.8
EU funding (EUR): 183805.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Social and cultural diversity is a critical issue facing Europe today, and understanding how it operates is important to the wellbeing of our communities. Psychological science has contributed greatly to the understanding of how diversity impacts both intergroup and interpersonal relations. There is reason to suspect, however, that diversity can also improve creativity and innovation. With creativity and innovation being vital components of individual and societal functioning and prosperity, it is critical to further understanding of the relationship between diversity on the one hand, and creative cognition and innovative practices on the other. Building on our expertise in the psychology of groups, and in creativity research, we propose six experiments to explain when and how diversity influences creativity in people. Specifically, we focus on a core component of diverse societies – a challenge to stereotypical views of others – and investigate how challenging stereotypic views influences the way people think and generate ideas. We look at two explanatory processes: a flexible use of conceptual categories, and engagement in effortful, systematic thought. We describe how challenging stereotypic expectations influences these two processes, and in turn, creative cognition and performance. Furthermore, we consider the moderating influence of information processing motivation, and external circumstances such as the fit between the creativity task and the counter-stereotypical challenge. The Research Fellow’s strong background in diversity and intergroup relations research complements the expertise of the Scientist in Charge (C.K.W. De Dreu), a world expert in the psychology of groups and creativity. The exceptional training environment at the University of Amsterdam will ensure the successful execution of this project.

Keywords: social psychology,social cognition,self-regulation,creativity,diversity,stereotyping,categorization