Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Impact of international trade on labour market performance in selected counties of Central Europe: does EU accession matter? (TRADE-LABOUR-CECS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-IEF-2008, 2008)
Start date: 2009-09-01
End date: 2010-08-31
Duration (months): 12.0
Total project cost (EUR): 82985.36
EU funding (EUR): 82985.36
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The submitted research project is supposed to contribute to the ongoing debate on the impact of growing international trade on labour market performance. As trade theory shows, opening of economy entails long term welfare improvement, but in the short run it poses a serious problem of adjustment to changing economic conditions (in terms of production and employment structure, wages or geographical distribution of economic activity). With economy (and labour market in particular) lacking mechanisms of efficient adjustment, the short-run costs related to trade-openness may outweigh long run welfare gains. Submitted project focuses on experience of selected countries of Central Europe (CECs), particularly after their EU accession. CECs offer a very interesting research case from theoretical point of view. Their factor endowment place them in the world’s labour division in the position between highly developed countries and developing countries. As a result – from the point of view of traditional theory of international – exchange with developed countries is supposed to be beneficial for CECs’ labour force, particularly its low-skilled part, while trade with developing countries produces opposite results. In the same time in CECs trade openness is dynamically growing, with intra-industry exchange in particular (vertically differentiated at first, horizontally differentiated in the later stage). Moreover, trade-labour market relationship in Western European countries has been a subject of many in-depth analyses, however rigours analysis for the group of new members is lacking. CECs, with significant share in total EU-27 population, contribute to a large extent to the general EU labour market performance. Moreover, in their case a need for efficient adjustment mechanisms was intensified with transition from centrally-planned to market economy.

Keywords: international trade,labour economics,labour market adjustment,intra-industry trade
Reductive evolution of parasite genomes with a focus on the microsporidian Trachipleistophora hominis (TRAHOMGEN)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-IEF-2008, 2008)
Start date: 2009-05-01
End date: 2011-04-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 171867.63
EU funding (EUR): 171867.63
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Trachipleistophora hominis is a member of the microsporidia, a large group of obligate intracellular parasites of other eukaryotes including patients with HIV/AIDS. Microsporidia were originally thought to be early-branching eukaryotes lacking mitochondria. Recent data, key elements published by the proposed host laboratory, have now shown that they are highly reduced fungi with largely metabolically cryptic remnant mitochondria called mitosomes. During their evolution to parasitism the genomes of microsporidians have become highly streamlined, resulting in a strong dependency of the parasites on substrates imported from their hosts. In my project I will analyse the relatively large (~8 Mb) newly sequenced (by the host laboratory) genome of T. hominis and compare it to the much smaller (~3 Mb) published genome of Encephalitozoon cuniculi and to several partial genome sequences from other microsporidians. These analyses will allow me to compare and contrast the degree of reductive genome evolution undergone by different microsporidians during their separate evolutionary histories and adaptation to different hosts. As part of these analyses, I will reconstruct a putative proteome for the T. hominis mitosome, focusing particularly on hypotheses of candidate transport proteins. These hypotheses will then be tested by laboratory work, including localisation studies and functional characterisation. The proposed project, host laboratory and their collaborators will provide me with state of the art training in bioinformatics and molecular biology aimed at understanding the biology of a group of important human parasites. Research on this topic goes to the heart of a fundamental issue for eukaryotic biology - identifying the origin of essential components of eukaryotic cells. It speaks directly to the FP7 Health Priority “Systems Biology” (HEALTH-2007-2.1.2) to combine and integrate data from biological pathways in unicellular eukaryotic organisms to human cells and organs.

Keywords: natural sciences,trachipleistophora hominis,microsporidia,intracellular eukaryotic parasites,reductive genome evolution,mitosome,remnant mitochondria,transport proteins
Synchrony among Neighbor Neurons in Cerebellum (SYNC)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-IOF-2008, 2008)
Start date: 2010-08-01
End date: 2013-07-31
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 254848.91
EU funding (EUR): 254848.91
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The scientific objective of the proposal is to investigate the role of synchronous activity in local neuronal networks of the Cerebellum in motor coordination and learning. Specifically, we will test whether synchronous Complex Spike activity in neighboring Purkinje cells encodes errors guiding motor adaptation during locomotion in mice. This investigation is made possible by a novel fluorescence imaging technique developed in the Schnitzer laboratory (outgoing host at Stanford University): calcium imaging with single-cell resolution in freely behaving mice, giving access to Complex Spike activity in tens of Purkinje cells simultaneously. The outgoing phase will be followed with dynamic-clamp experiments investigating the impact of such synchronous, learning-related activity on downstream target neurons in Deep Cerebellar Nuclei, and performed at the UNIC laboratory (return host at CNRS, France). The main training objective is to gain expertise in cutting-edge imaging techniques in behaving animals, in order to diversify the Applicant’s skills and knowledge and improve the Applicant’s perspectives for starting an independent research program in Europe. The project contributes to the European knowledge-based economy and society through research oriented at understanding fundamental biological principles of brain function, but also leading towards potential biomedical applications such as imaging techniques in humans or neuroprosthetics.

Keywords: neurophysiology,cerebellum,imaging,locomotion,motor learning,error signal,synchrony,intracellular electrophysiology,inhibition
Energy Conversion within the Hybrid Materials Engineered from the Nanocrystals Quantum Dots and Photochromic Membrane Proteins (NANOPHOTOCHROME)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-IEF-2008, 2008)
Start date: 2009-06-01
End date: 2010-10-31
Duration (months): 17.0
Total project cost (EUR): 218731.03
EU funding (EUR): 218731.03
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Most photosensitive integral membrane proteins (PIMP) are not able to deal with the excess energy of photons from UV to blue region and normally do not absorb them at all. If high-energy photons were absorbed, they might destroy the light-harvesting chromophores or even induce apoptotic-like cell death. Thus, the energy efficiency of green plants is less than 5% and the energy-producing PIMP bacteriorhodopsin (bR) not possessing specific light-harvesting system utilizes less than 0.5% of solar light. Nanotechnology opens the way to increase performances of biological functions. Summarizing the sources of energy losses provides an idea to optimization through the engineering of a built-on-the-membrane light-harvesting antenna from photoluminescent (PL) quantum dots (QDs) which might be able: (1) to harvest light from deep UV to blue region, (2) to convert this energy to photons that can be absorbed by bR or photosynthetic reaction centers (RC) and (3) to transfer this energy to PIMP’s chromophores thus improving biological function. The QD is a unique nanomaterial able to absorb a lot of light from UV to visible region and to convert it in the photons of PL in a narrow spectral region determined by their size. NanoPhotoChrome will combine the nanotechnology and genetic engineering, where genetic engineering develops RC and bR variants with biological functions adapted to specific application and nanotechnology develops QDs specifically selected to be optically coupled with the PIMP chromophores and with surfaces functionalized to form complexes with biomembranes or to be chemically tagged with desired amino acid residues of bR or RC. Such optical and spatial coupling will form efficient energy transfer donor (QD)/acceptor (PIMP chromophore) pairs. The PIMP-QDs nano-units operating in the FRET-regime will provide new hybrid materials with improved biological functions with the advantages of efficiency of light-controlled operation, stability and low cost production.

Keywords: molecular biology,surface chemistry,molecular biophysics,biomaterial engineering,physical sciences,technological sciences,nanotechnology,nanobiotechnology
New methods to evaluate the impact of single point protein mutation on human health. (MUT2DIS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-IOF-2008, 2008)
Start date: 2009-09-01
End date: 2012-08-31
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 217113.92
EU funding (EUR): 217113.92
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) are the main cause of the sequence variability in human. For this reason, the prediction of the impact of SNPs is one of the most challenging problems in computational biology and bioinformatics. The increasing growth of the genome-scale studies is providing a large amounts of SNP data, allowing the application of rigorous statistical approaches for predicting whether a given single point mutation has an effect on human health. In spite of the scientific effort, the identification of disease-associated human SNPs remains a difficult task and a satisfactory solution of general applicability is yet unavailable. This proposal is focused on the study of those SNPs, called missense SNPs (mSNPs), that are responsible of single protein mutation, because the mSNPs can be related to the insurgence of pathologies decreasing the stability or the functional activity of the protein. The main aim of this project concerns the development of new machine learning based methods to predict the effect of a given single point protein mutation. A set of mSNPs corresponding to proteins with known with atomic resolution will be collected and studied evaluating the evolutionary information retrieved using the protein sequences and the structural information derived from the protein 3D structures. The description of the structural and evolutionary related features will allow the implementation of more accurate predictors able to discriminate between disease causing or neutral polymorphisms. In a second part of the project, the resulting predictors will be also used to elucidate the relationships between mSNPs and the resistance to a given drugs. This aspect will be vary important in order to evaluate which therapy could have better effect on a particular phenotype. All the results of this research as well as the implemented predictors will be made available online to scientific community.

Keywords: biological sciences,computational biology,computer science,bioinformatics,structural biology
Applications of Organocatalysis to Supramolecular Chemistry (SUPRAMOLORGANOCAT)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-IEF-2008, 2008)
Start date: 2009-03-01
End date: 2011-02-28
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 172434.64
EU funding (EUR): 172434.64
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The development of new synthetic strategies that allow increasingly rapid access to structural complexity and new molecular architectures remains one of the fundamental challenges for the chemical sciences. Over the last eight years, organocatalysis—particularly that associated with chiral secondary amines—has become an established and powerful synthetic tool for the chemo- and enantioselective functionalisation of carbonyl compounds, and has already had significant impact in the synthesis of natural products, intermediates for pharmaceuticals and other structurally complex biologically active compounds. The aim of this proposal is to develop and investigate for the first time the application of organocatalytic chemistry to complex structure synthesis in supramolecular chemistry. In particular, I intend to investigate the utility of these reactions in facilitating the first organocatalytic ‘active template’ synthesis of rotaxanes.

Keywords: organic chemistry,molecular chemistry,supramolecular chemistry
Spin effects for quantum optoelectronics (SPIN-OPTRONICS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Initial Training Networks
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France,France,France,United Kingdom,United Kingdom,United Kingdom,United Kingdom,Russian Federation,Spain,Germany
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-ITN-2008, 2008)
Start date: 2009-10-01
End date: 2013-09-30
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 3280068.0
EU funding (EUR): 3280068.0
Participants: 10
Project status: CLOSED

We propose to join the forces of ten leading European teams in order to achieve a critical mass in the new research field of Spin-Optronics, a vast novel research area at the crossroads of fundamental physics of quantum-mechanical spin, optoelectronics and nanotechnology, and establish the European leadership in this area on a world-wide scale. All three main directions of the Network research activities – growth and technology, spectroscopy and theory - will be concentrated on novel spin and light polarisation effects in nanostructures, utilising confinement of not only charges and spins, but also photons. In this field, the information is ultimately carried out by the spin of photons, can be encoded in the confined spin state and manipulated on the nano-scale and redelivered in a form of polarised photons. The four main project objectives are : 1°) Coherence of individual spin, storage of quantum information. 2°) Semiconductor entangled light sources. 3°) Interaction of free and localised spins in diluted magnetic semiconductors and hybrid structures. 4°) Spinoptronic devices based on cavity exciton polaritons. We are going to deliver a top level international level multidisciplinary training to 13 early stage researchers and 5 experienced researchers, offering them, in particular, a vast program of multinational exchanges and secondments. We will organise 4 project meetings, 3 schools and one final conference widely open to the whole scientific community. We expect this collaboration to achieve a breakthrough in establishing the fundament for the creation of new quantum devices and to overcome the existing severe fragmentation of research and training in this strategically important area, which is the main goal of our project.

Keywords: physics of semiconductors,optics,opto-electronics,quantum communications,spin devices,quantum dots,exciton-polaritons,coherence
Design, Synthesis and Characterization of ‘Responsive’ MR Contrast Agents Sensitive to Glutamate (GLURESPROBES)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-IEF-2008, 2008)
Start date: 2009-06-01
End date: 2011-05-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 180783.75
EU funding (EUR): 180783.75
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) based on Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependent (BOLD) contrast is currently the mainstay of neuroimaging, whose ever growing applications provide a wealth of information regarding the human brain. The chief advantage of BOLD-fMRI is its non-invasive nature and excellent coverage, but it is limited by poor temporal and spatial resolution, and its surrogate nature. In fact, BOLD imaging, as well as other fMRI methods, are insufficient for a detailed study of the neural networks that underly human or animal cognition. We propose to develop a new approach. The aim is to study exogenous MR contrast agents that are ‘responsive’ biochemical functional markers, capable of detecting neuronal activity in real time and translating it into changes of MR contrast. Our objective is to develop glutamate responsive contrast agents to image changes in different parts of the brain upon neural activation. We also aim to improve the sensitivity of these bio-responsive agents by introducing additional modality for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) in the molecules. Initially, novel selective classes of specific, efficacious and optimized Glutamate receptors antagonists along with contrast enhancing macrocyclic lanthanide-chelates, will be developed. The initiatives in chemistry include both tailored organic synthesis and complexation of non-toxic metallo-pharmaceuticals, whose ligand design is dictated by the desired structure-activity relationship. Glutamate receptor sensitive specific extracellular responsive contrast agents will be considered. Every agent will be characterized by different chemical methods and finally evaluated by means of in vitro MR/PET measurements in simulated physiological conditions.

Keywords: glutamate receptors antagonists,glutamate neurotransmitter,responsive contrast agents,lanthanide metals,magnetic resonance imaging,positron emission tomography.
The importance of Nef effects on HIV-1 infectivity for viral pathogenesis (NEF-PATHOGENESIS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-IEF-2008, 2008)
Start date: 2009-07-01
End date: 2011-06-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 260197.18
EU funding (EUR): 260197.18
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The AIDS epidemic remains a worldwide emergency and the molecular mechanisms leading to the disease are not fully understood. Nef is a gene product of primate lentiviruses crucial for virus replication in vivo and for AIDS progression. The mechanisms supporting its pathogenic role remain undefined. Among other activities, Nef enhances intrinsic virus infectivity, a feature well conserved and under selective pressure during disease progression. While the significance of this activity in vivo is unknown, a recent finding from the applicant (Pizzato M. et al, PNAS, 104, 2007) shows that it requires the interaction of Nef with the cellular GTPase dynamin 2. In addition, preliminary results show that glycogag, encoded by gamma-retroviruses, exerts a similar enhancing activity on HIV infectivity, suggesting that this is a fundamental property of unrelated retroviruses. The aim of the research is to establish in vivo the role of the Nef-induced enhancement of HIV-1 infectivity, and to evaluate the importance of the interaction with dynamin 2. A recently developed humanized mouse will be used as model of HIV infection in vivo. Because Nef exerts several functions, the specific role of the enhancement of infectivity will be studied by separating this from other activities, following four objectives: 1) To establish in vivo the phenotype of HIV-1 carrying Nef mutations which selectively impair specific activities. 2) To study the requirement of Nef in vivo using a CD4-independent HIV whose infectivity cannot be affected by the Nef-induced CD4 downregulation activity. 3) To assess the role of glycogag-induced enhancement of infectivity for HIV replication and pathogenesis in vivo. 4) To study the importance in vivo of the Nef surface interacting with dynamin 2. This research will establish the significance of the Nef-induced enhancement of infectivity in vivo and will indicate whether the Nef-dynamin 2 interaction could be suitable as an antiretroviral target.

Keywords: aids,virology,animal model,pathogenesis
TeV Gamma-Rays and Radio Signals: Making the Connection (TEVGRRS:MTC)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-IIF-2008, 2008)
Start date: 2009-07-01
End date: 2011-06-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 163387.42
EU funding (EUR): 163387.42
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

We will study the high-energy face of some of the densest astrophysical environments including starbursting galaxies and the molecular material suffusing our own Galactic centre. Recent exciting observations by a new generation of astronomical instruments reveal that this region of the Galaxy is permeated by high-energy particles and photons (possibly energised by the supermassive black hole that sits at the very centre of the Milky Way) and intense magnetic fields. Our theoretical study will uncover the interactions between these players and the impacts they have on the overall dynamics of the Galactic centre region. Our work will uncover the parallels between this relatively local environment and the ultra-dense and ultra-energetic environs of star-bursting galaxies. We will also explore the relationship between gamma-ray and radio signals detected from the same astrophysical regions (like the molecular matter in the Galactic centre) and consider how these two might be inter-related through the phenomenon of hadronic cosmic ray collisions with ambient gas. The promise of these simultaneously-detected signals (from photons differing in energy by around eighteen orders of magnitude) to reveal details of magnetic field structure and amplitude will be explored.

Keywords: physical sciences,galactic centre,gamma-rays,cosmic rays,radio astronomy