Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
European Strategic Wind Tunnels Improved Research Potential (ESWIRP)

Framework: FP7 — Capacities
Programme: Research Infrastructures
Destination: Support to existing research infrastructures
Action type: Combination of CP & CSA
Countries involved: France,Netherlands,Germany
Call:  (FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES-2008-1, 2008)
Start date: 2009-10-01
End date: 2014-09-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 9030224.07
EU funding (EUR): 7294109.2
Participants: 3
Project status: CLOSED

The proposed project ESWIRP aims at enhancing the complementary research potential and service capabilities of three strategic wind tunnels in Europe both in terms of productivity and quality. The concerned wind tunnels are ONERA S1MA Modane, DNW-LLF and ETW. The main ideas leading to the proposal have been (i) the identification at European level by the aeronautical community (ACARE) of the strategic wind tunnels for Europe needed to maintain and enhance the leadership of European aerospace industry and science,(ii) the EREA recommendation that the reduction of emissions, noise and fuel consumption by aviation requires the contribution of these infrastructures and (iii) the recognition that efforts have to be made at community level, in a targeted and coordinated way, to further integrate these strategic wind tunnels at a world class level. The ESWIRP project is fully responsive to the objectives of the Capacities – Research Infrastructures Programme. It will enhance research and innovation capacities throughout Europe and contribute to ensuring their optimal use. The activities planned under this project aim at optimizing the utilization of the three strategic wind tunnels and improving their performance by new long-term investments for the benefit of scientists and customer industries. ESWIRP responds to the so-called ‘targeted approach’ of the Integrating Activities of the FP7 Capacities Work Programme: Infrastructures following the FP6 I3 model: (i) Networking activities, (ii) Trans-national access and/or service activities and (iii) Joint research activities. A Joint Management Board will be established by the three facilities for coordination of all ESWIRP activities and consolidation of integrating objectives.

Keywords: wind tunnel infrastructure onera dnw etw aeronautics aerodynamics flight physics flow quality productivity
Fundamental Studies in Organometallic Chemistry and Homogeneous Catalysis (FUNCAT)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Materials and Synthesis
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2008-AdG, 2008)
Start date: 2009-01-01
End date: 2014-12-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2033000.0
EU funding (EUR): 2033000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The area of catalysis is now at the forefront of the chemical sciences in light of environmental and economic issues. Synthesizing bulk, fine and pharmaceutical compounds using catalysis is now a must in the modern economy. The studies described in the present proposal make use of the full arsenal of techniques available for modern synthetic chemical investigation: fundamental physicochemical studies, experiment-based rational catalyst design and catalytic studies. The exploratory physicochemical experiments to be performed make use of classical solution reaction calorimetry involving air- and moisture sensitive complexes. This area is very poorly investigated worldwide. The PI is a world leader in the area of organometallic thermochemistry, a technique that is proposed for elaboration in Spain. This section of the proposal will permit an increase of knowledge on fundamental catalytic systems, allowing for determination of enthalpy and kinetics of key reaction steps involved in homogeneous catalysis. Much needed thermodynamic information will be generated for palladium, gold, iridium and rhenium systems. The development of a rhenium-based system is proposed for investigation in the area of olefin metathesis. Furthermore, ruthenium-systems enabling alkyne metathesis are targeted for synthesis. The development of such olefin modifying system would greatly benefit Europe as catalytic transformations have huge potential in polymer, pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries. The proposed work is both fundamental and applied high risk and high reward. It is outside the presently investigated areas of research carried out by our group at the ICIQ. The Principal Investigator (PI) has 25 years of experience in fundamental and applied chemical research and 15 years of experience as an independent researcher in homogeneous catalysis and organometallic chemistry.

Keywords: catalysis,organometallic chemistry,thermochemistry,synthesis
Photonic Quantum Information Technology and the Foundations of Quantum Physics in Higher Dimensions (QIT4QAD)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Fundamental constituents of matter
Countries involved: Austria
Call:  (ERC-2008-AdG, 2008)
Start date: 2009-01-01
End date: 2013-12-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1750000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1750000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

One of the most important developments in modern physics was the recent emergence of quantum information science, which by its very nature is broadly multidisciplinary. It was started by investigations of the foundations of quantum mechanics, and fundamental quantum concepts, most notably, entanglement, play a key role. We are now at an historic moment where a major qualitative step, both in developing a new technology and applying it to new fundamental questions, can be made. In this proposal, we aim to combine the investigation of fundamental questions with the development of micro-optics technology to reach a new level of both quantum information experiments and fundamental tests of quantum mechanics. We propose to utilize the advanced development of micro-optics to build novel integrated quantum optics photonic chips. High quality micro-optics will allow precise control over many properties, including birefringence, dispersion, periodicity, and even absorptive properties. We will combine this with novel highly efficient detectors, hopefully, in the long run, also integrated into the same microchips. By their very nature, the new multi-mode devices will make new higher-dimensional regions of Hilbert space and new types of multi-photon entanglement accessible to experiment. Such devices will enable many new fundamental investigations of quantum mechanics, such as, to give just one example, exploring quantum complementarity both between different numbers of photons and as a function of Hilbert space dimension with significant mathematical implications. Most importantly, we are convinced that many new ideas will arise throughout the project. The new integrated quantum optical chips will also be important in quantum computation, specifically with cluster states and similar complex quantum states. With these chips, we will realize multi-qubit procedures and algorithms and demonstrate the feasibility of all-optical quantum computation in realistic scenarios.

Keywords: quantum optics,quantum entanglement,quantum information
Molecular Motors - Controlling movement at the nanoscale (MOLECULAR MOTORS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Physical and Analytical Chemical sciences
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (ERC-2008-AdG, 2008)
Start date: 2009-01-01
End date: 2013-12-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2175969.96
EU funding (EUR): 2175969.96
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The design of artificial molecular motors and machines is one of the major challenges in contemporary molecular sciences and bottom-up molecular nanotechnology. Whereas the protein-based molecular motors found in the living cell are amongst the most fascinating and complex structures found in nature and crucial to nearly every key biological process, the field of synthetic linear and rotary motors is still in its infancy. In a broader context moving molecular sciences from the current situation with a focus on static structures and operation under thermodynamic control to dynamic chemistries with systems under kinetic control will represent a major step beyond current frontiers of chemical sciences. Furthermore, a shift from control of structure to dynamic control of function and from molecules to molecular systems, where several components act in concert often at different hierarchical levels, makes it possible for fascinating and unique properties to be discovered. In this program the goal is to significantly push ahead the frontiers of the field of molecular motors and machines both with respect to control of translational and rotary motion, as well as the exploration of dynamic functions of molecular systems governed by molecular motors. A further extremely challenging goal is to explore synthetic systems that can undergo autonomous motion. This program builds on our recent discoveries of the first unidirectional light-driven rotary molecular motor, the chemical driven rotary motor that can complete a full rotary cycle in a repetitive manner and the first molecular defined autonomous translational motor powered by a chemical fuel. As the basic principles, rules and parameters that govern molecular motion at the nanoscale are, largely, not yet understood, the focus of this proposal is on a multidisciplinary program addressing some of the most challenging fundamental issues in this uncharted territory.

Keywords: molecular machines,functional surfaces,smart surfaces
Atmospheric planetary boundary layers: physics, modelling and role in Earth system (PBL-PMES)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: ERC Advanced Grant Interdisciplinary Panel
Countries involved: Finland
Call:  (ERC-2008-AdG, 2008)
Start date: 2009-01-01
End date: 2013-12-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2390000.0
EU funding (EUR): 2390000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This project aims to systematically revise the planetary-boundary-layer (PBL) physics accounting for the non-local effects of coherent structures (long-lived large eddies especially pronounced in convective PBLs and internal waves in stable PBLs). It focuses on the key physical problems related to the role of PBLs in the Earth system as the atmosphere-land/ocean/biosphere coupling modules: the resistance and heat/mass transfer laws determining the near-surface turbulent fluxes, the entrainment laws determining the fluxes at the PBL outer boundary, the PBL depth equations, and turbulence closures. In this project the first round of revision will be completed, the advanced concepts/models will be empirically validated and employed to develop new PBL parameterization for use in meteorological modelling and analyses of the climate and Earth systems. The new parameterizations and closures will be implemented in state-of-the-art numerical weather prediction, climate, meso-scale and air-pollution models; evaluated through case studies and statistical analyses of the quality of forecasts/simulations; and applied to a range of environmental problems. By this means the project will contribute to better modelling of extreme weather events, heavy air pollution episodes, and fine features of climate change. The new physical concepts and models will be included in the university course and new textbook on PBL physics. This project summarises and further extends our last-decade works in the PBL physics: discovery and the theory of the new PBL types of essentially non-local nature: long-lived stable and conventionally neutral ; quantification of the basic effects of coherent eddies in the shear-free convective PBLs including the non-local heat-transfer law; physical solution to the turbulence cut off problem in the closure models for stable stratification; and discovery of the stability dependences of the roughness length and displacement height.

Keywords: boundary layer,stable,mixing height,meteorological modeling,eddies,turbulence,forecasting,simulations,pollution episodes
Mathematical Methods for Financial Risk Management (FIRM)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Mathematical foundations
Countries involved: Switzerland,Türkiye
Call:  (ERC-2008-AdG, 2008)
Start date: 2008-12-01
End date: 2013-11-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 880560.0
EU funding (EUR): 880560.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

Since the pioneering works of Black &amp; Scholes, Merton and Markowitch, sophisticated quantitative methods are being used to introduce more complex financial products each year. However, this exciting increase in the complexity forces the industry to engage in proper risk management practices. The recent financial crisis emanating from risky loan practices is a prime example of this acute need. This proposal focuses exactly on this general problem. We will develop mathematical techniques to measure and assess the financial risk of new instruments. In the theoretical direction, we will expand the scope of recent studies on risk measures of Artzner et-al., and the stochastic representation formulae proved by the principal investigator and his collaborators. The core research team consists of mathematicians and the finance faculty. The newly created state-of-the-art finance laboratory at the host institution will have direct access to financial data. Moreover, executive education that is performed in this unit enables the research group to have close contacts with high level executives of the financial industry. The theoretical side of the project focuses on nonlinear partial differential equations (PDE), backward stochastic differential equations (BSDE) and dynamic risk measures. Already a deep connection between BSDEs and dynamic risk measures is developed by Peng, Delbaen and collaborators. Also, the principal investigator and his collaborators developed connections to PDEs. In this project, we further investigate these connections. Chief goals of this project are theoretical results and computational techniques in the general areas of BSDEs, fully nonlinear PDEs, and the development of risk management practices that are acceptable by the industry. The composition of the research team and our expertise in quantitative methods, well position us to effectively formulate and study theoretical problems with financial impact.

Keywords: mathematical finance,stochastic optimal control,risk measure,viscosity solutions,parabolic pdes,backward sdes
Atomic-Level Physics of Advanced Materials (ALPAM)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Materials and Synthesis
Countries involved: Sweden
Call:  (ERC-2008-AdG, 2008)
Start date: 2009-03-01
End date: 2014-02-28
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2000000.0
EU funding (EUR): 2000000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Most of the technological materials have been developed by very expensive and cumbersome trial and error methods. On the other hand, computer based theoretical design of advanced materials is an area where rapid and extensive developments are taking place. Within my group new theoretical tools have now been established which are extremely well suited to the study of complex materials. In this approach basic quantum mechanical theories are used to describe fundamental properties of alloys and compounds. The utilization of such calculations to investigate possible optimizations of certain key properties represents a major departure from the traditional design philosophy. The purpose of my project is to build up a new competence in the field of computer-aided simulations of advanced materials. The main goal will be to achieve a deep understanding of the behaviour of complex metallic systems under equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions at the atomic level by studying their electronic, magnetic and atomic structure using the most modern and advanced computational methods. This will enable us to establish a set of materials parameters and composition-structure-property relations that are needed for materials optimization. The research will be focused on fundamental technological properties related to defects in advanced metallic alloys (high-performance steels, superalloys, and refractory, energy related and geochemical materials) and alloy phases (solid solutions, intermetallic compounds), which will be studied by means of parameter free atomistic simulations combined with continuum modelling. As a first example, we will study the Fe-Cr system, which is of great interest to industry as well as in connection to nuclear waste. The Fe-Cr-Ni system will form another large group of materials under the aegis of this project. Special emphasis will also be placed on those Fe-alloys which exist under extreme conditions and are possible candidates for the Earth core.

Keywords: alloys,magnetism,first-principles theory
Generalized Homological Mirror Symmetry and Applications (GEMIS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Mathematical foundations
Countries involved: Austria
Call:  (ERC-2008-AdG, 2008)
Start date: 2009-01-01
End date: 2013-12-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1060800.0
EU funding (EUR): 1060800.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Mirror symmetry arose originally in physics, as a duality between $N = 2$ superconformal field theories. Witten formulated a more mathematically accessible version, in terms of topological field theories. Both conformal and topological field theories can be defined axiomatically, but more interestingly, there are several geometric ways of constructing them. A priori, the mirror correspondence is not unique, and it does not necessarily remain within a single class of geometric models. The classical case relates $\sigma$-models, but in a more modern formulation, one has mirror dualities between different Landau-Ginzburg models, as well as between such models and $\sigma$-models; orbifolds should also be included in this. The simplest example would be the function $W: \C \rightarrow \C$, $W(x) = x^{n+1}$, which is self-mirror (up to dividing by the $\bZ/n+1$ symmetry group, in an orbifold sense). While the mathematics of the $\sigma$-model mirror correspondence is familiar by now, generalizations to Landau-Ginzburg theories are only beginning to be understood. Today it is clear that Homologcal Mirror Symmetry (HMS) as a categorical correspondence works and it is time for developing direct geometric applications to classical problems - rationality of algebraic varieties and Hodge conjecture. This the main goal of the proposal. But in order to attack the above problems we need to generalize HMS and explore its connection to new developments in modern Hodge theory. In order to carry the above program we plan to further already working team Vienna, Paris, Moscow, MIT.

Keywords: mirror symmetry,hodge conjecture,rationality
Overlooked Unresolved Toxic Organic Pollutants: Resolution, Identification, Measurement and Toxicity:OUTREACH (OUTREACH)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Earth system science
Countries involved: United Kingdom,Norway,United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2008-AdG, 2008)
Start date: 2009-07-01
End date: 2014-12-31
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2000000.0
EU funding (EUR): 2000000.0
Participants: 3
Project status: CLOSED

Organic pollution exceeds an area greater than that of France+Germany. Toxic, persistent, unresolved and unidentified, complex mixtures (UCMs) of organic chemicals are abundant all over the globe. These UCMs, which encompass a number of chemical classes, are outside present EU and world pollutant regulations. It is very important that these toxicants are identified, measured and their effects studied. Until recent work in my lab, few methods allowed such UCMs to be identified. Even now, we have only made studies of unresolved alkylated derivatives of benzene; there are numerous other unstudied classes of UCM chemicals widespread in the environment. These will be amenable to study by the new methods once optimised and new high throughput screening methods will then allow 10,000 chemicals per day to be tested for toxicity. In the present project, firstly, novel gas chromatography x gas chromatography-time of flight-mass spectrometry (GCxGC-ToF-MS) methods will be used to separate, identify and measure, novel UCM compounds isolated from water soluble fractions of a range of crude oils; secondly, the same methods will be used to identify previously UCM toxicants in polluted mussels collected from a range of global locations. Thirdly, representatives of each compound class will be synthesised and toxicities assayed using mussel feeding rates, amphipod reproduction and growth rates and fish hepatocyte assays. Finally, the UCMs, newly resolved and identified in polluted mussels will be isolated and fractionated by preparative high performance liquid chromatography and their toxicities assayed, in an effects-directed approach. This will establish definitively the range of compounds in the UCMs that are toxic, and will deliver new methods by which UCMs may be routinely assayed and no longer overlooked. The major outcome of this investigation will be much improved assessment of the effects of organic chemical pollutants on the health of the global coastal marine environment

Keywords: ucms,mussels,pollution,unresolved,toxicity