Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Haploid selection in animals: investigating the importance of genetic and epigenetic effects in sperm (HAPSELA)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Evolutionary, population and environmental biology
Countries involved: Sweden
Call:  (ERC-2013-StG, 2013)
Start date: 2013-12-01
End date: 2019-11-30
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1440248.0
EU funding (EUR): 1440248.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

An inescapable consequence of sex in eukaryotes is the evolution of a biphasic life cycle with alternating diploid and haploid phases. The occurrence of selection during both phases has far reaching consequences for fundamental evolutionary processes including the rate of adaptation, the extent of inbreeding depression and the load of deleterious mutations, as well as for applied research into assisted fertilization. It has been a long-standing dogma that, unlike in plants, selection at the haploid gametic level in animals is of no great importance. However, empirical evidence for postmeiotic haploid gene expression is increasing and with the recent recognition of the importance of epigenetic effects for evolutionary mechanisms it is paramount to revisit haploid selection in animals. The aim of the proposed project is to reconsider haploid selection in animals and to investigate the relative importance of genetic and epigenetic effects in sperm for the subsequent generation. The project consists of three logically connected parts, which tackle the question from different angles using the zebrafish Danio rerio as the main model system. In Part I, I will disentangle genetic from epigenetic effects and identify epigenetic effects that affect sperm and offspring performance by combining experimental evolution with next-generation sequencing data. In Part II, I will pinpoint genes that are expressed at the postmeiotic haploid stage of spermatogenesis and determine which of these genes may be under haploid selection. In Part III, I will get to the core of the question and perform single-cell genotyping to explore possible links between sperm phenotype and the underlying sperm genotype. By combining aspects from evolutionary biology, mathematical modeling, genomics and developmental biology this project will advance our understanding of how epigenetic and genetic differences among gametes shape phenotypes and mediate evolutionary change in animals.
The RNA bridge between IRE-1 and PKR leading to metaflammation: discovery and intervention in atherosclerosis (METARNAFLAMMATION)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Physiology, Pathophysiology and Endocrinology
Countries involved: Türkiye
Call:  (ERC-2013-StG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-01-01
End date: 2018-06-30
Duration (months): 54.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1362921.34
EU funding (EUR): 1362921.34
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

A close functional and molecular integration between metabolic and immune systems is crucial for systemic homeostasis and its’ deregulation is causally linked to obesity and associated diseases including insulin resistance, diabetes and atherosclerosis and known as cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS). Metabolic overload initiates a chronic inflammatory and stress response known as metaflammation and promotes the complications of CMS. The precise molecular mechanisms linking metabolic stress to immune activation and stress responses, however, remain elusive. Earlier studies demonstrated metabolic overload stresses the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and activates the unfolded protein response (UPR). ER is a critical intracellular metabolic hub orchestrating protein, lipid and calcium metabolism. These vital functions of ER are maintained by a conserved, adaptive stress response or UPR that emanates from its membranes. ER stress has emerged as a central paradigm in the pathogenesis of CMS and its reduction prevents atherosclerosis and promotes insulin sensitivity. However, a clear understanding of how metabolic stress is sensed and communicated by the ER is fundamental in designing specific and targeted therapy to ER stress in CMS. This application will investigate the ER stress response that can sense excess lipids and couple to inflammatory and stress responses, and whether its unique operation under metabolic stress can be suitable for therapeutic exploitation in CMS. This proposal tackles the unique modes of operation of two important players in the ER stress response that are coupled by metabolic stress, inositol-requiring enzyme-1 (IRE-1) and double-stranded RNA-activated kinase (PKR), by taking advantage of chemical-genetics to specifically modify their activities. When completed the proposed studies will have shed light on a little explored but central question in the field of immunometabolism regarding how nutrients engage inflammatory and stress pathways.

Keywords: metaflammation,immunometabolism,lipotoxicity,pkr,ire-1,endoplasmic reticulum stress,unfolded protein response,chemical genetics,mirna,atherosclerosis,cardiometabolic syndrome
Low-carbon Lifestyles and Behavioural Spillover (CASPI)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Environment and society
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2013-StG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-02-01
End date: 2019-01-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1486562.5
EU funding (EUR): 1486562.5
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Responding to climate change has profound implications for behaviour; yet policies to achieve this change have met with limited success. A key challenge for environmental social scientists is the need to move forward in understanding how to bring about change in consumption, community and political behaviours, which is commensurate to the scale of the climate change challenge. One promising area is ‘behavioural spillover’, the notion that taking up a new behaviour (e.g., recycling) may lead to adoption of other, more environmentally beneficial, behaviours. Such a notion appears to hold the promise of changing a suite of behaviours in a cost-effective way. Yet despite robust theoretical principles (e.g., self-perception theory) underpinning behavioural spillover, there is little empirical research. The proposed research intends to produce a step-change in behavioural and sustainability science by undertaking a mixed-method, cross-cultural study of pro-environmental behavioural spillover in order to open up new ways of promoting sustainable lifestyle change and significantly broadening our understanding of behaviour within individuals and cultures. There are three objectives for the research: 1. To examine ways in which pro-environmental behaviour, lifestyles and spillover are understood and develop within different cultures; 2. To understand drivers of behavioural consistency and spillover effects across contexts, including home and work, and cultures; and 3. To develop a theoretical framework for behavioural spillover and test interventions to promote spillover across different contexts and cultures. Three Work Packages will address these objectives: 1. Defining and understanding spillover: Focus groups with biographical questions and card sorts [Years 1-2] 2. Examining drivers of spillover: Cross-national survey with factor, correlation and regression analyses [Years 2-3] 3. Developing theory and testing interventions: Laboratory and field experiments [Years 3-5]

Keywords: behaviour change -lifestyles -low-carbon -spillover
Initial Solar System Composition and Early Planetary Differentiation (ISOSYC)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Earth system science
Countries involved: Belgium
Call:  (ERC-2013-StG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-03-01
End date: 2019-08-31
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1485299.0
EU funding (EUR): 1485299.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Meteorites are privileged witnesses of solar system accretion processes and early planetary evolution. Short-lived radioactive chronometers are particularly adapted in dating and understanding these early differentiation processes. This proposal is dedicated to two main questions: (1) what is the initial composition of the solar system and terrestrial planets?; (2) having refined these parameters, how and when silicate bodies differentiated? Among short-lived chronometers, the system 146Sm-142Nd is particularly adapted to solve these questions. While it is generally assumed that the global bulk composition of Earth and other terrestrial planets is chondritic for refractory elements such as Sm and Nd, it has recently been shown that the 142Nd/144Nd values display a systematic and reproducible bias between all the chondrites and the average composition of the Earth, and also possibly of other planets. Several hypotheses have been proposed: (i) there is an enriched reservoir hidden deep in Earth, with a composition balancing the currently observed terrestrial composition in order to get a global chondritic composition for the Earth. (ii) The Earth and other terrestrial planets are non-chondritic for their composition in refractory elements. (iii) Nucleosynthetic anomalies have modified the isotopic composition measured in chondrites. (iv) The starting parameters of the 146Sm-142Nd system are not well defined. However, this last point has never been carefully evaluated. The main scientific strategy of this proposal is based on reinvestigating with the best precision ever achieved the starting parameters of the 146Sm-142Nd systematic using the oldest objects of the solar system: Ca-Al inclusions and chondrules. The final goal of the present proposal is to determine if Earth and other planets are chondritic or not, and to understand the implications of their refined starting composition on their geological evolution in terms of early planetary differentiation.

Keywords: meteorites,chondrites,solar system composition,early planetary differentiation,bulk composition of the earth,mars,moon,vesta
The Cellular and Molecular Basis of Magnetoreception (CEMOMAGNETO)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Neurosciences and neural disorders
Countries involved: Austria
Call:  (ERC-2013-StG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-04-01
End date: 2019-09-30
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1499752.0
EU funding (EUR): 1499752.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Each year millions of animals undertake remarkable migratory journeys, across oceans and through hemispheres, guided by the Earth’s magnetic field. The cellular and molecular basis of this enigmatic sense, known as magnetoreception, remains an unsolved scientific mystery. One hypothesis that attempts to explain the basis of this sensory faculty is known as the magnetite theory of magnetoreception. It argues that magnetic information is transduced into a neuronal impulse by employing the iron oxide magnetite (Fe3O4). Current evidence indicates that pigeons employ a magnetoreceptor that is associated with the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve and the vestibular system, but the sensory cells remain undiscovered. The goal of this ambitious proposal is to discover the cells and molecules that mediate magnetoreception. This overall objective can be divided into three specific aims: (1) the identification of putative magnetoreceptive cells (PMCs); (2) the cellular characterisation of PMCs; and (3) the discovery and functional ablation of molecules specific to PMCs. In tackling these three aims this proposal adopts a reductionist mindset, employing and developing the latest imaging, subcellular, and molecular technologies.

Keywords: magnetoreception magnetite sensory neuroscience
Within and across countries heterogeneity in international finance (INFINHET)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Individuals, institutions and markets
Countries involved: France
Call:  (ERC-2013-StG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-01-01
End date: 2018-12-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1176938.0
EU funding (EUR): 1176938.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Financial globalization has led to a large increase in capital flows together with increasing global imbalances. Understanding how investors structure their international portfolios and how such decisions interact with the real side of the economy has become a critical macro issue. Recently, policy makers have been advocating the understanding of capital flows and global imbalances as a necessary step to analyze the roots of the last financial crisis and its international transmission. Another important evolution is the larger role played by fast growing emerging markets. The world is getting more asymmetric as they feature very different characteristics compared to developed countries. INFINHET aims at developing new dynamic multi-country macro-models to better account for the heterogeneity across agents and across countries in order to answer age-old questions in international macro such as the benefits from financial integration, the adjustment of global imbalances, the dynamics of exchange rates and asset prices, international financial contagion, the international dimension of tax policies. The first part of INFINHET deals with new methods for dynamic stochastic models with heterogeneous agents/countries. Applications include normative questions regarding the welfare impact of policies in open economies and positive questions regarding the dynamics of asset prices and capital flows. The second part focuses on long-term issues in multi-country overlapping generations models. It analyzes the importance of asymmetries between countries on macroeconomic outcomes in a globalized world. Besides differences in growth and demographics, asymmetries in financial institutions, insurance mechanisms and welfare states are emphasized, with a particular focus on the specificities of China. The theoretical predictions will be tested empirically. This will require the development of panel data based on cross-country aggregates and the use of micro data based on individuals.

Keywords: financial globalization,international portfolios,current account imbalances,risk-sharing,heterogeneity,china
Interfacing quantum states in carbon nanotube devices (QUANTUMCANDI)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Condensed matter physics
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (ERC-2013-StG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-01-01
End date: 2018-12-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1739680.0
EU funding (EUR): 1739680.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Coherent control and sensitive detection of quantum states in condensed matter are among the most topical challenges of modern physics. They drive the development of novel materials, theoretical concepts, and experimental methods to advance our understanding of fundamental laws of quantum mechanics and to create transformative technologies for future applications. During the past decades carbon has emerged as a new material platform to address these challenges: graphene and carbon nanotubes have been created as paradigm systems with exceptional physical properties. As atomically-thin cylinders carbon nanotubes combine ultra-low mass with extreme mechanical stiffness. This identifies them as perfect candidates for the realization of ultra-high quality mechanical resonators with applications in quantum metrology and sensing. Their crystalline lattice can be made free of nuclear spins by material engineering to ensure ultra-long electron spin coherence times for quantum information processing and coherent spintronics. In addition, semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes exhibit optical resonances with unprecedented tunability in color for quantum communication and cryptography. These outstanding material properties form the basis for our scientific research proposal. Our vision is to realize up-conversion schemes interfacing light with spin, mechanical, and spin-mechanical degrees of freedom in carbon nanotube devices. In particular, we will study spin dynamics in carbon nanotubes with an isotopically engineered nuclear spin lattice and we will suspend individual carbon nanotubes in high-fidelity optical micro-cavities to detect and control mechanical motion down to the quantum ground state. Ultimately, our devices will realize entirely novel regimes of quantum states by hybridizing light with magnetic or mechanical excitations and explore the foundations of emerging technologies at the quantum limit.
Social and Physical Urban Environment and Cardiovascular Health: The Much Needed Population Approach (HEARTHEALTHYHOODS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Environment and society
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (ERC-2013-StG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-04-01
End date: 2019-08-31
Duration (months): 65.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1467896.0
EU funding (EUR): 1467896.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Previous research has shown that the environments where we live and work have a major impact on our health. Given the economic and public health burden of cardiovascular diseases in Europe, we propose to measure specific aspects of the social and physical urban environment and to assess their contribution to cardiovascular risk. These results will provide the scientific evidence needed to develop population-wide preventive interventions. Specifically, for this project we will assess the food, physical activity and tobacco environments of 90 neighbourhoods in Madrid, Spain, using three complementary approaches: inhabitant perceptions, geographic information systems and systematic social observation. We will then correlate these data with cardiovascular health obtained from two different sources: first, a primary care-based cohort study including 2200 persons from 90 neighbourhoods, and second, a whole-population study including every inhabitant of the targeted neighbourhoods using primary care electronic health records (>99% coverage). The methodology of this proposal includes state-of-the-art qualitative and quantitative tools. We will combine ecometrics, geography, sociology and anthropology, to obtain a comprehensive description of the environments within which our population resides and works. In addition, the cohort study will include direct measures of cardiovascular health indicators, constituting a robust and multi-faceted source of data. The whole-population study offers the potential to have a complete portrait of the cardiovascular health of the 2.2 million inhabitants of our designated neighbourhoods. Cohort studies of this kind offer the opportunity for collaborative work, which can lead to a large and extended multidisciplinary scientific project. This proposal offers a novel way of understanding cardiovascular health by combining a social science perspective with high-quality cardiovascular data collection within a rigorous epidemiological design.
Re-Assembling Tibetan Medicine: The formation of a transnational Sowa Rigpa industry in contemporary India, China, Mongolia and Bhutan (RATIMED)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Institutions, values, beliefs and behaviour
Countries involved: Austria
Call:  (ERC-2013-StG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-04-01
End date: 2019-03-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1461138.8
EU funding (EUR): 1461138.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

“Traditional medicine” has recently emerged from a highly marginalized position in many parts of the world to become a rapidly expanding and highly innovative multi-billion dollar global industry. However, despite growing academic, economic and public interest in the “traditional” pharmaceutical industry, we know little about its larger dynamics, shape, and wider socio-economic and public health implications. The proposed 5-year interdisciplinary study of the emergent transnational Tibetan medicine (or “Sowa Rigpa”) industry in India, China, Mongolia and Bhutan aims to fill this gap. The Sowa Rigpa industry, in which Tibetan medicine is transformed into a mass-produced commodity for domestic and international markets, is a particularly illustrative and timely case of "traditional" medicine's development. It is illustrative because it reflects the dynamics of the traditional pharma industry at large, and it is timely because Tibetan medicine’s industrialization and pharmaceuticalization has only begun during the last decade, enabling this study to investigate its formation in real time. Introducing the concept of the pharmaceutical assemblage,the proposed project will break new ground by being the first comprehensive, large-scale, interdisciplinary study of Sowa Rigpa in a transnational context. It will apply an innovative interdisciplinary approach to generate a "big picture" of this industry and unprecedented insights into the global traditional pharma market, which despite its growing relevance and popularity remains poorly understood. This project will be based at the AAS’s Institute for Social Anthropology, carried out by an international team of 4 post-doctoral researchers, and involve 54 months of multi-sited field research. Besides numerous publications, 2 international workshops and 1 conference will be organized to present the results. While interdisciplinary, the research will be grounded in the field of medical and socio-cultural anthropology.

Keywords: medical anthropology,anthropology of pharmaceuticals,traditional pharma industry,intellectual property rights