Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Making Ancestors: The Politics of Death in Prehistoric Europe (ANCESTORS)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: The study of the human past
Panel description: Archaeology, history and memory
Countries involved: Estonia,Italy,United Kingdom
Call: ERC Advanced Grant (ERC-2019-ADG, 2019)
Start date: 2020-10-01
End date: 2024-09-30
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1943548.0
EU funding (EUR): 869503.0
Participants: 3
Project status: SIGNED

How did politics and inequality work in prehistoric Europe? Traditionally, politics has been seen in terms of discrete political ranks identified through differential treatment of individual burials. But this results in classifying much of prehistory, where the dead were treated in ways which effaced individual identity, as egalitarian. The result is an artificially dichotomous history: Neolithic people had landscapes, rituals and ancestors, Bronze and Iron Age people had politics and inequality. In the last two decades this approach has been strongly critiqued. Burial treatment rarely relates to status so directly; the dead serve many different political roles. Inequality in pre-state groups rarely consists of clear strata; inequality and equality exist in tension within groups. Inequality may have been present throughout European prehistory, but manifest situationally through differential life chances, kinship, ritual or ancestorhood, rather than overtly through political command, wealth or identity. But this new perspective has never been tested empirically. This project tests alternative models of prehistoric inequality and deathways. To investigate social relations in life, it uses osteobiography, reconstructing life stories from skeletons through scientific data on identity, health, diet, mobility and kinship. To understand deathways, it employs a second new methodology, funerary taphonomy. Combining osteobiography and taphonomy allows us to connect ancient lives and deaths. Peninsular Italy provides a substantial test sequence typical of much of Europe. For each of three key periods (Neolithic, 6000-4000 BC; Final Neolithic to Early Bronze Age, 4000-1800 BC; Middle Bronze Age to Iron Age, 1800-600 BC), 200+ individuals will be analysed. The results will allow us to evaluate for the first time how inequality affected lives in prehistoric Europe and what role ancestors played in it.

Keywords: osteobiography,ritual taphonomy,ancestors,death,prehistory,kinship,politics
Weak interactions in self-organizations studied by NMR spectroscopy in the supramolecular solid-state (Weakinteract)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Physical and analytical chemical sciences
Panel description: Analytical chemistry, chemical theory, physical chemistry/chemical physics
Countries involved: France
Call: ERC Starting Grant (ERC-2014-STG, 2014)
Start date: 2015-09-01
End date: 2021-02-28
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1472425.0
EU funding (EUR): 1472425.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Self-assembly is a fundamental process by which individual subunits organize into ordered supramolecular entities, usually through weak interactions. A longstanding goal is to engineer synthetic self-organized structures, often inspired by protein assemblies found in the context of living cells, to design materials of high potentiality, e.g. drug delivery, scaffolding or electronic applications. There is a tremendous interest in physical chemistry to understand the role of weak interactions at the supramolecular interfaces. However, self-organizations usually form soft material, lacking crystalline order and at the same time exhibiting poor solubility. As a consequence, standard techniques for structural investigation such as X-ray crystallography or solution NMR usually fail or deliver only partial information, preventing an atomic-level understanding and therefore the design of new architectures. The Weakinteract project aims at developing NMR spectroscopy in the relevant supramolecular solid-state for those non-crystalline and insoluble self-organizations. Weakinteract will exploit strategic isotope labeling, state-of-the-art solid-state NMR methods and integration of hybrid approaches to elucidate the assembly mechanisms, revealing the weak interactions at the supramolecular interfaces. The project comprises three different aspects of growing complexity: (1) Elaboration of a proof-of-concept for atomic resolution structure determination of self-assembled nanotubes in hydrogel form. (2) Determination of the structural basis for bacterial filaments (3) Investigation of the phenomenon of heterogeneous supramolecular templating, in the context of amyloid fold initiation. One major aim of Weakinteract is to provide a robust approach dedicated to chemists, biophysicists and structural biologists in order to tackle weak interactions in the relevant assembled state, ultimately delivering atomic level structures and an understanding of the assembly process.

Keywords: supramolecular assemblies,electron conduction,amyloid fibrils,nanowire
The fate of TERRestriAl forest CARBon from photosynthesis to structural biomass under climate change (TERRACARB)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Environment and Geosciences
Countries involved: Spain
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2020, 2020)
Start date: 2022-09-01
End date: 2024-08-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 172932.48
EU funding (EUR): 172932.48
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

Forests play a major role in the global carbon cycle. They uptake carbon through photosynthesis, return much of it through respiration, and accumulate some fraction as structural biomass (Bst). The forest carbon sink offsets nearly 30% of anthropogenic carbon-dioxide emissions, with Bst being the primary contributor to this sink due to its slow rate of turnover (years to centuries). However, climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of drought events and negatively impacting both photosynthesis and Bst. As these two processes are interconnected but independently modulated by environmental variables, it is imperative that we track the fate of forest carbon through its lifecycle from uptake to allocation. In TERRACARB, we will investigate the interactions between climate, photosynthetic carbon uptake, and carbon allocation to Bst during drought across spatial and temporal scales (tree to global; hourly to decadal). To do so we will use an innovative interdisciplinary approach that combines remote sensing, eddy covariance, tree-rings, and point dendrometer derived estimates of productivity. First, we will investigate the decrease in photosynthetic carbon uptake during atmospheric and hydrologic drought. Next, we will examine the mechanisms by which drought events leave behind ‘legacy effects’ of below normal carbon accumulation. Finally, we will use a network of point dendrometers to evaluate the relationships between photosynthetic carbon uptake, tree radial growth, hydration, and climate variables at sub-seasonal timescales (hourly to daily) at five eddy covariance sites in Europe. The findings from TERRACARB will help us better predict how forests will continue to accumulate carbon in the face of climate change.

Keywords: remote sensing,tree rings,eddy covariance,dendrometers,drought,forests,carbon cycle,photosynthesis,biomass,allocation
Atomically dispersed iridium catalysts for efficient and durable proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (AdIrCAT)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Spreading excellence and widening participation
Programme: Widening participation and spreading excellence
Theme: Other Widening
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Countries involved: Portugal
Call: Widening Fellowships (H2020-WF-03-2020, 2020)
Start date: 2021-12-01
End date: 2023-11-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 159815.04
EU funding (EUR): 159815.04
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

The “green hydrogen” produced by water electrolysis using renewable energy as power input will play a vital role in the decarbonization of various sectors, particularly the heavy industry and freight road transport where electrification is impossible or too costly. Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) is a very promising low-temperature technology, and has a number of advantages over the conventional alkaline water electrolysis. However, the usage of precious and scarce noble metal iridium (Ir) to catalyze the thermodynamically and kinetically demanding oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is indispensable to achieve decent electrolysis performance. To enable widespread deployment of PEM electrolyzers and make electrolyzed hydrogen fuel economically competitive, the utilization of Ir in electrolyzers must be reduced without comprising the catalytic performance for the OER. The AdIrCAT project aims at developing the emerging atomically dispersed Ir catalysts, which will maximize the utilization of Ir and meanwhile improve the mass activity of Ir catalysts by a factor of at least 5. Moreover, a method will be developed that potentially allows for upscale production of atomically dispersed Ir catalysts. The catalysts will be accessed not only in the half-cell configuration but also in membrane electrode assemblies under industry-relevant conditions in collaboration with a company where the applicant will have her secondment. The applicant and host group have complementary expertise that can be transferred to each other. The host institution will offer the applicant a range of training to enhance her competences and skills in terms of proposal preparation, project management, leadership, and science communications. Successful implementation of this project will help the applicant reach her professional maturity and remarkably enhance her future career prospects as a female scientist, leading her to find a tenure-track position after the Fellowship.

Keywords: single atom catalyst,pem electrolysis,oxygen evolution reaction,iridium,large scale synthesis,electrocatalytic test
Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnosis by Spectroscopy. Accurate and Non-Invasive Medical Device for the Diagnosis of Early Stage Alzheimer's Disease. (ADiRaS)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Societal Challenges
Programme: Health, demographic change and wellbeing
Theme: Treating and managing disease
Action type: SME instrument
Countries involved: Spain
Call: Clinical research for the validation of biomarkers and/or diagnostic medical devices (H2020-SMEINST-1-2015, 2015)
Start date: 2015-07-01
End date: 2015-10-31
Duration (months): 4.0
Total project cost (EUR): 71429.0
EU funding (EUR): 50000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Raman HT is a company expert on Raman Spectroscopy (RS) which has developed a revolutionary medical device to diagnose Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) in blood plasma for the first time. Currently, there are only two accurate methods to diagnose AD, expensive, invasive with multiple side effects. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scans the patient’s brain after being injected with a radioactive marker (cost of €1500) which can cause major allergic reactions. The other method analyzes the cerebrospinal fluid, which requires performing the patient a lumbar puncture. This procedure (relatively expensive, €400) can cause severe headaches, temporary pain of numbness to legs, infections and bleeding into the spinal canal. There are more than 30 million people living with AD in Europe and more than 7 million people that have not received a diagnostic due to the cost and side effects of the current techniques. Without diagnostic, patients lacks of a proper treatment that improves patients life quality ameliorating the symptoms of the disease. The earlier the diagnosis, the earlier the treatment delaying nursery admission. Our solution consists of performing RS onto a sample of blood plasma. It is not invasive, has absolutely no side effects and an estimated selling price of €100. Our solution, making AD diagnosis more affordable, can produce net saving of €2,8bn to the European Healthcare system only delaying institutionalization. Our aim is to bring our solution into the market as a reference diagnostic method for screening patients for Alzheimer’s Disease. Alzheimer Disease is a huge problem that Europe needs to address due to the aging population. By 2050, 50% of the total European population will be over 65 years old and more importantly, 1 out 3 will suffer from Alzheimer’s Disease.

Keywords: raman spectroscopy diagnosis
High throughput mass spectrometry of single proteins in liquid environment (LIQUIDMASS)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Consolidator grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Physical and analytical chemical sciences
Panel description: Analytical chemistry, chemical theory, physical chemistry/chemical physics
Countries involved: Spain
Call: ERC Consolidator Grant (ERC-2015-CoG, 2015)
Start date: 2016-11-01
End date: 2022-10-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2470283.0
EU funding (EUR): 2470283.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Although mass spectrometry has brought about major advancements in proteomics in the last decade, protein mass spectrometers still have important limitations. One fundamental limitation is that they require sample ionization, desorption into the gas phase and fragmentation, clearly leading to protein denaturation. Since relevant protein complexes are unstable or transient, their characterization in its native state and physiological environment remains an unexplored route towards the full understanding of protein function and protein interactions. This problem has only been targeted to date through theoretical approaches or low throughput experimental techniques, such as atomic force spectroscopy, optical tweezers or FRET. A high throughput characterization technology capable of addressing single proteins in its native state would have a large impact in proteomics. The goal of LIQUIDMASS is to develop a high throughput spectrometric technique addressing single proteins from complex samples while in physiological conditions. LIQUIDMASS also proposes a new concept for protein spectrometry, by characterizing not only the mass, but also the hydrodynamic radius, geometry and stiffness of single proteins. This multiparameter approach will serve to open up new routes to understand protein structure-function relations by providing insight into the fast conformational changes that occur in liquids. In order to attain these goals, I propose to integrate nanomechanical resonators, nano-optics and nanofluidics. The disruptive approach proposed will bring about new knowledge about protein interactions and protein conformation that is elusive today. The enabling technologies aimed at the LIQUIDMASS will increase our understanding of protein misfolding related diseases, such as Alzheimer’s or diabetes, as well as bring closer a full understanding of the human interactome, contributing to the advancement of the proteomics field.

Keywords: physics,chemistry,mechanical engineering,material sciences,nanotechnology,mathematics,nanofluidics,biophysics,molecular biology and proteomics
Evolution and development of pharyngeal pouches and pre-oral gut in basal fishes (Pharynx2016)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Life Sciences
Countries involved: Czechia
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2016, 2016)
Start date: 2017-09-01
End date: 2019-08-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 154720.8
EU funding (EUR): 154720.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Vertebrates, which include our own species, are the most diverse and successful group of Deuterostomes. Success of this group has been explained by the evolution of elaborated head skeleton adapted to capturing and processing large prey. Most of this skeleton derives from neural crest cells migrating into the pharynx during and after the formation of pharyngeal pouches. To better understand how development of these structures evolved, the research project will study representatives of three basal fish lineages that occupy key positions in jawed-vertebrate phylogeny. It will employ methods of genomics, gene expression, and gene manipulation including CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system to test a mechanistic model of pouch formation and its relationships to pre-oral endoderm development. The proposal builds upon the Fellow’s research of jawed and jawless vertebrates and bridges a gap in our knowledge of the pharyngeal evolution between the jawed and jawless vertebrates and at the same time between vertebrates and their chordate and deuterostome ancestors. Two-way knowledge transfer is a crucial feature of this project: the Fellow will take advantage of the proficiency of the Supervisor and the Department in embryology, morphology, manipulation, and husbandry of the rare basal fishes and in the genomics and transcriptomics, while at the same time he will transfer his expertise in genetic regulation of development and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in non-model organisms to the Supervisor and Host Institution.

Keywords: evolution,development,evo devo,vertebrates,pharynx
High pressure study of pairing or competing orders in high Tc cuprates (CUPRES)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Physics
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2017, 2017)
Start date: 2018-04-01
End date: 2020-03-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 195454.8
EU funding (EUR): 195454.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This project aims to advance our understanding of the electronic structure of high Tc cuprate superconductors. In particular, we will use the unique combination of high pressure and high magnetic fields to study the evolution of two phases which exist alongside the superconducting state, namely the so-called pseudogap state and a charge ordered state. Both of these states have end points which approximately coincide with the point on the doping-temperature phase diagram where the superconducting transition temperature is maximal and it has been suggested that fluctuations in the order parameter of one or both of these phases could be responsible for the electron pairing that leads to high temperature superconductivity. Most studies to date of these phase, and indeed the cuprates in general, have used chemical doping to tune the materials across their phase diagram. Instead we plan to use pressure, which is a complementary tuning parameter which we expect to split the accidental phase degeneracies which complicate the interpretation of the doping dependent studies. Our experimental programme includes studies of Hall co-efficient, quantum oscillations and magnetic penetration depth to elucidate the changes in electronic structure. We will also perform x-ray studies under uniaxial stress to correlate changes in electronic structure to structural changes caused by the charge order.

Keywords: cuprate,superconductivity,pressure,high magnetic field,london penetration depth
Mapping The Neolithic Expansion In The Mediterranean: A Scientific Collective To Promote Archaeogenomics And Evolutionary Biology Research In Turkey (NEOMATRIX)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Spreading excellence and widening participation
Programme: Widening participation and spreading excellence
Theme: Improved access to Excellence
Action type: Coordination and support actions
Countries involved: Sweden,Greece,Türkiye,France
Call: Twinning (H2020-WIDESPREAD-2020-5, 2020)
Start date: 2021-01-01
End date: 2024-12-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 884425.0
EU funding (EUR): 884425.0
Participants: 4
Project status: SIGNED

NEOMATRIX is aimed to set the Middle East Technical University (METU) Ancient DNA Lab (MEAD) in Ankara, Turkey, as a centre of excellence in European science. This will be achieved through MEAD partnering with three major archaeogenomics teams with complementary qualities, and addressing unique challenges MEAD has been facing in scientific production, such as its relative isolation and difficulties in attracting skilled ESRs. The partners include (a) the first ancient DNA center in Greece at the Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), with strong expertise in population genomics and isotope analyses, (b) Stockholm University’s (SU) Center for Palaeogenetics, a leading ancient genomics center, and (c) the Paleogenomics Lab at the Institute Jacques Monod at CNRS, with deep expertise in animal and human ancient DNA research, especially in the analysis of poorly preserved samples. The activities involve training through research-oriented cross-lab visits, workshops focused on method development, short courses to attract young scientists at MEAD, and well-designed communication activities including exhibitions. All activities will be built upon, and stimulated by, a joint research project where all teams will collaborate to tackle a challenging problem: the Neolithic expansion across the Mediterranean about 8 millennia ago that connected Anatolia with the west. This is a long-standing problem in prehistory that will be analysed employing novel wet and dry lab tools, and through novel dimensions, such as the evolving roles of kinship and gender and their relationship with social inequality. By the end of the 3-year project, the METU team will have closed network gaps and accumulated precious knowhow in state-of-the-art archaeogenomics. As importantly, NEOMATRIX will create a collaborative environment for widening democratic networks among archaeogenomic labs in Europe, allowing local teams to produce excellent interdisciplinary science.

Keywords: archaeogenomics,neolithic expansion,mediterranean,isotope analyses,anatolia,kinship,demography,gender,training,population genetics