Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
A Theory of Religious Organizations (RELIGION)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Individuals, institutions and markets
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2007-StG, 2007)
Start date: 2008-12-01
End date: 2013-11-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 550000.0
EU funding (EUR): 550000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

In this research project I am proposing a novel theoretical framework to explain religious organizations. I incorporate the notion of religious beliefs in a rational framework of social interaction. This will allow me to distinguish this theory of religious organizations from both existing work on religion and from theories of other social organizations. Moreover, it will allow me to analyze the dynamic evolution of religious organizations. The analysis of religion from an economic agent point of view will create new horizons by adding to the rich literature stemming from other social science disciplines and evolutionary biology. The objectives of this research project are: (i) To provide an applicable model of religion that will link the individual and social aspects of religion; (ii) To provide a theoretical framework to understand the relations between different religious groups and between religious and secular groups; (iii) To understand the dynamic evolution of religious beliefs and religious organizations; (iv) To understand the connection between religious leadership and political power; (v) To provide a basis for future empirical work by yielding new testable predictions about the dynamics of religious organizations and religious tolerance.

Keywords: economics and religion,dynamics of religious organizations,religious tolerance
Towards a Gaussian Network-on-Chip (GNOC)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Materials and Synthesis
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (ERC-2007-StG, 2007)
Start date: 2008-08-01
End date: 2012-07-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 582500.0
EU funding (EUR): 582500.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

As chip multi-processor architectures are replacing single-processor architectures and reshaping the semiconductor industry, chip designers can hardly use their old models and benchmarks anymore. While designers were used to deterministic and reliable performance in the chips, they now face networks with unreliable traffic patterns, unreliable throughput and unreliable delays, hence making it hard to provide any guaranteed Quality-of-Service (QoS). In this proposal, we argue that chip designers should focus on the possible set of traffic patterns in their Network-on-Chip (NoC) architectures. We first show how to provide deterministic QoS guarantees by exploiting these patterns. Then, we explain why the cost of providing deterministic guarantees might become prohibitive, and defend an alternative statistical approach that can significantly lower the area and power. To do so, we introduce Gaussian-based NoC models, and show how they can be used to evaluate link loads, delays and throughputs, as well as redesign the routing and capacity allocation algorithms. Finally, we argue that these models could effectively complement current benchmarks, and should be a central component in the toolbox of the future NoC designer.

Keywords: network on chip,chip multi-processor,quality of service,performance guarantees
Countries’ external balance sheets, dynamics of international adjustment and capital flows (IFA DYNAMICS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Individuals, institutions and markets
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2007-StG, 2007)
Start date: 2008-07-01
End date: 2013-06-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1340000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1340000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This project develops new theories and constructs new datasets to understand the determinants of net and gross foreign assets, the trade balance and the exchange rate. It also quantifies their respective roles in the dynamics of countries’ external deficits. In previous work, I constructed a database of US foreign assets and liabilities to analyse the sustainability of US current account deficits. I propose to build on this work along four related lines. First, I will generalize the analysis to other countries, contrasting the external balance sheets of large financially developed economies (US, UK) with those of small open economies (Canada, Australia). I will compare the historical role of the UK as a world banker to the current position of the US in the international monetary system. I will construct disaggregated databases of foreign assets at market value for these countries. Second, I will develop new theories of portfolio investment where international wealth transfers and predictable excess returns play a key role. These elements are rarely incorporated in open economy models but are essential for realism. I will develop and calibrate a new class of portfolio balance models compatible with the macroeconomic stylized facts on capital flows to study how countries’ capacity to accumulate foreign debt depends on changes in portfolio preferences (e.g. erosion of home bias). Third, I will use a disaggregated database of international investment positions of institutional investors to test for portfolio rebalancing at the microeconomic level. This exceptional database should also provide insights on the international propagation of financial crises. I will link the magnitude of price drops of given equities in crisis times to the institutional and geographical characteristics of their holders. Fourth, I will extend the methodology developed to analyze external adjustment to the issue of fiscal adjustment and twin deficits.

Keywords: international macroeconomics,exchange rates
Biological rational for the mannosidase super family in Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (BT ALPHA MANNOSIDASE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: European Re-integration Grants
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2007-2-2-ERG, 2007)
Start date: 2008-01-01
End date: 2010-12-31
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 45000.0
EU funding (EUR): 45000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The human intestine is colonized by over 10 trillions symbiotic bacteria which play a critical role in human health such as preventing inflammation and cancer. These microorganisms hydrolyse complex carbohydrates polymers from our diet that are not degraded by “our” own enzymes and thus, in addition to preventing cancer and inflammation, increase the nutrients available to the human host. Indeed, recent studies have shown that the composition of the microorganisms in the large intestines influences fat deposition in the mammalian host demonstrating how these bacteria can alter metabolism in their host. The symbiotic bacterium Bacteroides thetaiotaomiron is the most abundant microoganism in the large intestine. B. thetaiotaomicron, colonises the gut by accessing both human and dietary complex carbohydrates. It synthesises over 200 glycoside hydrolases which is greater than any other bacterium studied to date indicating that the microorganism exploits complex carbohydrates as an important nutrient source. Intriguingly there has been a significant expansion in glycoside hydrolase families in which the enzymes attack polymers containing the sugar mannose which is present in complex carbohydrates display on the surface of human cells. These carbohydrate structures contain three mannose molecules and are elongated with different combination of other sugars making these complex molecules highly variable. B. thetaiotaomicron produces 23 enzymes in the glycoside hydrolase family GH92 which attacks glycosidic bonds that are linked to mannose sugars and thus they are likely to target the carbohydrates on the surface of human cells. The biological rationale for such a large number of GH92 enzymes may reflect diversity of sugars attached to mannose in human complex carbohydrates. The central objective of this project is to dissect the specificity and the mechanism of carbohydrate recognition of representatives of GH92 B. thetaiotaomicron enzymes.

Keywords: glycoside hydrolase,mannosidases,bacteroides thetaiotaomicron,n-glycan
Seismic Imaging of the Solar Interior using space-based data (SISI)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Systems and communication engineering
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (ERC-2007-StG, 2007)
Start date: 2008-08-01
End date: 2013-01-31
Duration (months): 54.0
Total project cost (EUR): 500000.0
EU funding (EUR): 500000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The broad science objective of this proposal is to search for the root causes of solar magnetic activity by establishing connections and physical relationships between internal solar properties and the various components of magnetic activity in the solar interior and atmosphere. The physical processes inside the Sun are best studied with helioseismology, i.e. the observation and interpretation of solar seismic waves. Helioseismology is on the verge of a revolution with (1) the development of new techniques of data analysis and interpretation and (2) forthcoming observations by NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO, scheduled for launch in 2008), which represents a major technological step beyond the ESA/NASA SOHO mission: higher spatial resolution, higher cadence, and a complete view of the solar disk and the corona. I propose to develop an active program of research in local helioseismology, a relatively young science. New methods of analysis will be developed to make 3D images of the solar interior and to infer the subsurface structure of sunspots using full-waveform modeling techniques. In order to take full advantage of space-based observations, I propose to establish a computing center for helioseismology at the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, which will provide the infrastructure and the manpower required to process the relevant SOHO/MDI and SDO/HMI data and to deliver original science data products.

Keywords: helioseismology
The magnetism of the chromosphere: combining theory and observations (CHROMAG)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: European Re-integration Grants
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2007-2-2-ERG, 2007)
Start date: 2007-10-29
End date: 2010-10-28
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 45000.0
EU funding (EUR): 45000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

H-alpha spectroheliograms revealed already in the early twentieth century the beauty and the huge variety of magnetic structures in the chromosphere. However, a comprehensive description of this important layer, coupling the photosphere to the corona, is still missing. The key for a deeper understanding of the chromosphere lies in the reliable determination of the vector magnetic field. The low magnetic field strengths combined with the complexity of non-LTE line formation require a close interplay between advanced atomic physics involving modeling and sophisticated observational techniques and instrumentation. This proposal addresses the problem of measuring the magnetic field topology in the chromosphere. The applicant's knowledge on the theory of the scattering polarization and its modification due to the Hanle effect will be combined with observational data, analysis methods and powerful inversion codes available at the MPS. Therefore, the applicant and host organization will form a symbiotic partnership. The equipment of the host to achieve the goals of the project is excellent: MPS has access to powerful workstation clusters. As a partner institute of the German solar telescopes on Tenerife, MPS has guaranteed observing time. Knowledge on data analysis and inversion techniques is excellent. Including the applicant's experience in Hanle diagnostics will result in a fruitful and productive cooperation and open excellent career opportunities to the applicant.

Keywords: chromospheric magnetism,hanle effect,scattering polarization,prominence,spicule,filament
Neural Basis of Olfactory Perception in Drosophila (OLFPERCEPT)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Physiology, Pathophysiology and Endocrinology
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2007-StG, 2007)
Start date: 2008-09-01
End date: 2014-08-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1750000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1750000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

In insects the axons of primary olfactory receptor neurons terminate in specific glomeruli in the antennal lobe. Second order neurons relay this information to two higher olfactory centres, the mushroom body and the lateral horn, the special focus of this proposal. Functional inactivation and ablation of the mushroom body suggest that it is specific to olfactory learning, while the lateral horn is sufficient for more basic olfactory responses, including those which can be characterised as innate. Despite this importance, there is almost no structural and functional information on the third order neurons of the lateral horn. My research programme aims to generate a complete wiring diagram of the relevant neural circuits, characterise the receptive fields of these neurons and determine the cellular and circuit basis of the processing of olfactory information in this system. These scientific goals depend on a cross-disciplinary combination of molecular genetic techniques to label and stimulate identified neurons in the olfactory pathway, in vivo neurophysiology, optical stimulation and large-scale electron microscopy. One specific model system that I will use to address general questions of olfactory perception will be the study of sex-pheromone processing, where I have obtained new anatomical data that identify likely components of the pathway that turns smell into sex-specific behaviour. All these experiments will help us to understand how identified neurons integrate and transform specific odour information–the neural basis of olfactory perception. I hypothesise that by studying a discrete circuit down to the level of each identified neuron, I can new obtain new insights into information processing that will be of general relevance to neurobiology.

Keywords: olfaction,perception,projection neuron,antennal lobe,lateral horn,in vivo electrophysiology,patch clamp,optical control of neural activity
European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE)

Framework: FP7 — Cooperation
Programme: Environment (including Climate Change)
Destination: Climate change, pollution, and risks
Action type: Collaborative project
Countries involved: Netherlands,Greece,Greece,Switzerland,United Kingdom,Germany,Germany,Germany,Germany,Denmark,Norway,Sweden,Sweden,France,France,Finland,Lithuania,Hungary,United Kingdom,United Kingdom,Taiwan, Province of China,Italy,Spain
Call:  (FP7-ENV-2007-1, 2007)
Start date: 2008-06-01
End date: 2012-11-30
Duration (months): 54.0
Total project cost (EUR): 8218266.97
EU funding (EUR): 5858973.67
Participants: 26
Project status: CLOSED

European policy making is hampered by considerable uncertainty about the magnitude and nature of the impacts of long term exposure to air pollution on human health. ESCAPE is a collaboration of more than 30 European cohort studies including some 900,000 subjects. It is aimed at quantifying health impacts of air pollution and at reducing uncertainty. ESCAPE will also test new hypotheses on specific health effects of air pollution. ESCAPE will focus on effects of within-city, within-area and within-country contrasts in air pollution, and so will enable Europe to remain at the cutting edge worldwide for further development and application of methods which have been largely pioneered here. ESCAPE will make measurements of airborne particulate matter and nitrogen oxides in selected regions in Europe. It will measure the chemical composition of the collected particles and it will store samples for future chemical and toxicological analyses. Escape will focus on four categories of cohort studies: 1. Pregnancy outcome and birth cohort studies; 2. Studies on respiratory disease in adults; 3. Studies on cardiovascular disease in adults; 4. Studies on cancer incidence and mortality. ESCAPE responds to a specific FP7 call for a large collaborative project in the Environment and Health program. The call asks for research within existing cohorts among children as well as elderly adults as sensitive groups, and it asks to consider the role of other environmental exposures such as noise, and of biomarkers and gene-environment interactions. Whereas ESCAPE will focus, as requested, on air pollution and to a lesser extent traffic noise exposures, studies have been included which contain a wealth of data on other exposures (e.g., drinking water contaminants), on biomarkers and on genetics. ESCAPE will actively engage stakeholder organisations and policy makers so that results can be swiftly translated to support policy development and implementation.

Keywords: air pollution cohort mortality respiratory cardiovascular birth outcome
Integrated Structural Biology Infrastructure (INSTRUCT)

Framework: FP7 — Capacities
Programme: Research Infrastructures
Destination: Support to new research infrastructures
Action type: Combination of CP & CSA
Countries involved: United Kingdom,France,Germany,Italy,Israel,United Kingdom,France,Germany,Germany,Germany,United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES-2007-1, 2007)
Start date: 2008-04-01
End date: 2011-03-31
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 7543170.8
EU funding (EUR): 4499988.0
Participants: 14
Project status: CLOSED

Structural biology in the next two decades aims to integrate structural knowledge at different resolution levels into specific cellular contexts, with a temporal component, to underpin biomedical sciences. This challenge requires the seamless integration of techniques providing information in different resolution ranges. INSTRUCT will link the information obtained by the major structural biology methods with state-of-the art cell biology techniques to provide a dynamic picture of key cellular processes at all scales. Major technology advances, from high throughput methods in protein production, though NMR and X-ray crystallography to electron microscopy mean that major investment in infrastructure is required to maintain European competitiveness. The preparatory phase of INSTRUCT will forge a pan-European structure comprising a number of Core Centres, with broad infrastructure provision, an appropriate number of Associate Centres, with complimentary expertise and establish the mechanisms for establishing National Access Holder Communities of users and rules for access. The development of cutting-edge infrastructure will be energised by a focus on a few key biomedical questions and environment problems. There will be strong involvement of European industry and SMEs, by both direct collaboration on feasibility studies and by consultation; this will arise naturally as the requirements for high precision innovative instrumentation will challenge European industry to improve their capabilities and the use of the facilities for industrial research will strengthen Europe’s industrial competitiveness in particular in bio-pharma companies. The project will include a training program based on relevant interdisciplinary expertise. A major aim of the preparatory phase will be to establish the mechanisms, financial and legal, by which major funding bodies can work together to provide a coherent European infrastructure with wide European access.

Keywords: structural biology,x-ray crystallography,nmr,electron microscopy,protein production,bioinformatics
Actinide reCycling by SEParation and Transmutation (ACSEPT)

Framework: FP7 — Euratom
Programme: Nuclear fission and radiation protection
Theme: Radioactive waste management
Destination: Management of Ultimate Radioactive Waste
Action type: Collaborative project
Countries involved: France,France,Spain,Czechia,Italy,Germany,Germany,Poland,Spain,Czechia,European organisations area,United Kingdom,Netherlands,Switzerland,Netherlands,Sweden,United Kingdom,Belgium,United Kingdom,France,Netherlands,Australia,Japan,Portugal,Netherlands
Call:  (FP7-Fission-2007, 2007)
Start date: 2008-03-01
End date: 2012-09-30
Duration (months): 55.0
Total project cost (EUR): 23783360.4
EU funding (EUR): 8999000.0
Participants: 35
Project status: CLOSED

Actinide recycling by separation and transmutation is considered worldwide and particularly in several European countries as one of the most promising strategies to reduce the inventory of radioactive waste, thus contributing to make nuclear energy sustainable. Consistently with potentially viable recycling strategies, the Collaborative Project ACSEPT will provide a structured R&D framework to develop chemical separation processes compatible with fuel fabrication techniques, with a view to their future demonstration at the pilot level. Considering technically mature aqueous separation processes, ACSEPT will optimise and select the most promising ones dedicated to actinide partitioning and those featuring a group separation. These developments will be appropriately balanced with an exploratory research focused on the design of new molecules. In parallel, promising group actinide separation pyro-processes will be developed beyond the current state-of-the-art, as an alternative option, for a longer term. ACSEPT will also pave the way towards more integration between Partitioning and Transmutation by carrying dissolution as well as actinide conversion studies. All experimental results will be integrated by carrying out engineering and systems studies on aqueous and dry (pyro) processes to prepare for future demonstration at a pilot level. A training and education programme will also be implemented to share the knowledge among partitioning community and present and future generations of researchers. The challenging objectives of ACSEPT will be addressed by a multi-disciplinary consortium composed of European universities, nuclear research bodies and major industrial players. This consortium will generate fundamental improvements for a future design of an Advanced Processing Pilot Unit. ACSEPT will thus be an essential contribution to the demonstration, in the long term, of the potential benefits of actinide recycling to minimise the burden on the geological repositories.

Keywords: partitioning,actinides recycling,waste management,sustainable nuclear energy systems