Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear and Quantum Optics at X-Ray Wavelengths (XRAYQUN)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-12-01
End date: 2018-11-30
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The objective of this work will be to explore, experimentally and theoretically, nonlinear and quantum optical effects in the x-ray spectral regime. These are novel fields of research offering many exciting new opportunities, which now become possible due to the recent and expected improvements in the x-ray sources. It should be emphasized that the physical description of nonlinear and quantum effects in the hard x-ray regime have unique features that are substantially different from those associated with nonlinear and quantum processes commonly observed in the optical regime of the spectrum. Indeed, recently, the number of works associated with nonlinear and quantum effects in the x-ray regime, is growing rapidly. Dr. Sharon Shwartz and his colleagues described a method for generating each of the four Bell states in the x-ray regime. They also described theory and experiment showing x-ray parametric down-conversion in the x-ray region where photo-ionization dominates. As such it is the first experiment that allows measurement of the x-ray non-linearity in this region, and also the first experiment to blend quantum optics with x-ray optics. More recently, Dr. Shwartz together with his colleagues observed second harmonic generation in the x-ray regime. Dr. Shwartz also collaborated with scientists from Stanford, SLAC and Berkeley and demonstrated the mixing of an x-ray light with a visible light, and x-ray nonlinear Compton scattering. These experiments, which use x-ray free electron lasers, push the envelope of extreme nonlinear optics at sub-angstrom wavelengths. The central themes of the programs will be: 1) the study of second harmonic generation in its own right and for application to the measurement of the temporal structure of the x-ray free electron laser 2) Experiments on parametric down conversion from x-ray to visible. 3) More advanced experiments will be aimed at demonstrating extreme non-degenerate quantum optics.

Keywords: quantum optics,nonlinear optics,x-ray physics,ultrafast science,strong field physics
Numerical modelling of inflatable airborne wind energy systems (NUMIWING)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2013-10-01
End date: 2017-09-30
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The proposed research aims to numerically model the mutual interactions between the aero- and structural- dynamics of inflatable airborne wind energy systems. Such systems offer several advantages over conventional wind turbines. For example, they harness stronger and steadier winds by flying at moderate to high altitudes, they are cheap to manufacture, and they can be rapidly deployed. Airborne wind energy (AWE) is a novel area of research, where conventional wind turbines cannot be used. At increasing altitudes, an excessive amount of structural materials would be needed to withstand the high mechanical stresses induced by heavy rotors, when placed on tower-based foundations. A competitive approach for AWE is to harness wind energy with an inflatable wing tethered to a ground station. Numerical tools capable of calculating the complete interactions between aerodynamics, structural dynamics, and flight dynamics of such power systems are currently at an early stage of development. An efficient strategy to minimise the computational cost is also lacking. To fill this knowledge gap, cutting-edge fluids and solids computational methods will be employed. Key components are: (a) a conservative dual-mesh approach for modelling fluid-structure interactions, (b) a method for predicting the motions of an inflatable membrane wing, and (c) dynamic mesh adaptivity to refine the fluid-structure interfaces. The overall deliverable is an open-source code to model the mutual interactions between airflows and airborne wind energy systems. The proposed numerical tool will be capable of: (a) determining the impact of the system on the surrounding airflow, (b) computing the interactions between aero- and structural- dynamics of an inflatable wing, and (c) estimating the power extracted by the system.

Keywords: airborne wind energy,fluid-structure interactions,inflatable wing,finite-element models,mesh adaptivity,dual-mesh approach,super-meshing,subgrid-scale modelling
Correlations and Topology in Electronic Systems (CORTOPO)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2013-09-01
End date: 2017-08-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: TERMINATED

Electrons moving in a solid experience strong Coulomb repulsive interactions. These interactions can lead to extraordinarily fascinating and complex behavior at low temperatures, such as superconductivity and the quantum Hall effect. This proposal deals with the properties of many-electron systems in which the electron-electron interactions play an important role, changing the low-energy physics qualitatively, and leading to novel quantum states of matter which cannot be described by models of weakly interacting particles. In the first part of this proposal, I intend to pursue a new theoretical method of studying the properties of quantum critical points in metals. Such transitions are ubiquitous in many correlated materials, such as the high-temperature superconductors, and may hold the key to understanding some of the properties of these materials. The new technique relies on formulating a model which can be simulated numerically in an efficient manner, avoiding the well-known “fermion sign problem” which often hinders the study of models involving fermions. Extensions of this technique to other fermionic models will also be explored. In the second part of the proposal, I will study properties of interaction-driven electronic phases that have an underlying topological structure. Such systems have drawn much attention in condensed matter physics, especially over the last few years, following the discovery of the topological insulators. I will propose new ways of realizing time-reversal invariant topological superconducting phases in composite structures of superconductors and semiconductor materials. Finally, I will study how interfaces between superconductors and quantum Hall systems, either in the integer or fractional regime, can lead to new types of topological phases which may be interesting from a quantum information processing perspective.

Keywords: condensed matter physics,strongly correlated electrons,high temperature superconductivity,quantum criticality,topological phases of matter,quantum hall effect.
Doing Anonymization Practically, Privately, Effectively and Reusably (DAPPER)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-04-01
End date: 2018-03-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

There is currently a tug-of-war going on surrounding data releases. On one side, there are many strong reasons pulling to release data to other parties: business factors, freedom of information rules, and scientific sharing agreements. On the other side, concerns about individual privacy pull back, and seek to limit releases. Privacy technologies such as differential privacy have been proposed to resolve this deadlock, and there has been much study of how to perform private data release of data in various forms. The focus of such works has been largely on the data owner: what process should they apply to ensure that the released data preserves privacy whilst still capturing the input data distribution accurately. Almost no attention has been paid to the needs of the data user, who wants to make use of the released data within their existing suite of tools and data. The difficulty of making use of data releases is a major stumbling block for the widespread adoption of data privacy technologies. This proposal outlines a research plan that considers the whole data release process, from the data owner to the data user. It lays out a set of principles for privacy tool design that highlight the requirements for interoperability, extensibility and scalability. A number of research goals are identified, around topics of synthetic data generation, correlated data modeling, data utility enhancement, and the application of these to the case of trajectory data. The goal of the project is Doing Anonymization Practically, Privately, Effectively and Reusablely (DAPPER).

Keywords: privacy,anonymization,data release,utility
Endosignal (ENDOSIGNAL)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2013-09-01
End date: 2017-08-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Inflammatory bowel disease is a devastating disease affecting several million people in Europe. This proposal addresses the molecular mechanism of inflammatory bowel disease. The multi-PDZ domain protein FRMPD2 (FERM and PDZ domain containing protein 2) has been shown to be an integral part of the immune host defense of epithelial cells by recruiting NOD2 (Nucleotide-binding and oligomerization protein 2), a key player of the innate immune system, to the basolateral membrane in epithelial cells. In addition, FRMPD2 is involved in epithelial cell/cell adhesion regulating tight junction formation. Multi-PDZ domain proteins are scaffolding molecules assembling large protein complexes dedicated to signaling and membrane trafficking. Interaction of NOD2 with FRMPD2 places the NOD2 protein into a novel context being part of a larger protein complex. Using an interdisciplinary approach combining state of the art techniques from cell biology, protein chemistry, membrane physics and developmental genetics, this proposal aims at the identification and functional characterization of novel components of the FRMPD2 protein complex. In particular, this protein complex will be characterized with respect to mechanisms relevant to epithelial cell polarization and inflammatory bowel disease. Finally, the project aims to complement in vitro mechanistic and cell culture data with in vivo results by analyzing the role of the FRMPD2 complex in zebrafish development. Finally, using a Salmonella infection model, a zebrafish animal model for inflammatory bowel disease based on the FRMPD2 complex will be established. The results of this project will lead to a better molecular understanding of the disease opening potentially new avenues of treatments.

Keywords: signalling,signal transduction,cell polarization,epithelial cells,inflammation,pdz domains,membrane proteins,inflammatory bowel disease,protein interaction
Quantum Mechanical Nature of Black Holes (QUNAT)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Denmark
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2013-08-01
End date: 2017-07-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The overall objective of this proposal is to understand the quantum mechanical nature of black holes. The proposal aims to do this by finding a quantum mechanical description of black holes by employing the Holographic Principle as manifested in the AdS/ CFT correspondence between Gauge Theory and String Theory. This is a highly challenging and deep conceptual problem to understand. The researcher proposes therefore a novel approach that makes it feasible to reach this objective. The novel approach consists in exploring the AdS/CFT correspondence in the regimes near a certain kind of critical points by employing the so-called decoupling limits originally conceived by the researcher. In these near-critical regimes both the String Theory and Gauge Theory sides of the correspondence simplify considerably, and are thus amiable to a detailed understanding. Furthermore, in a subclass of these regimes one can find black holes on the String Theory side. Hence finding a way to map the Gauge Theory side to the String Theory side in the near-critical regimes would enable us to describe black holes from a quantum mechanical theory. This would be a major breakthrough that would go substantially beyond the state-of-the-art in theoretical physics. Having a quantum mechanical description of black holes would mean that one can answer long-standing important questions about the quantum nature of black holes, such as how quantum correlations should appear in black hole radiation, how the black hole evaporation occurs, and what are the nature of the horizon and the inside of the black hole. More generally, it could be instrumental in improving our understanding of quantum gravity, and thus our understanding of important issues such as the Big Bang singularity in the beginning of our universe.

Keywords: black hole physics,holographic principle,quantum gravity,ads/cft correspondence,gauge theory,quantum mechanics,quantum field theory,statistical physics
Ultrafast electro-optic dual-comb multi-point vibrometer for microscopy applications (FAST-TEMPO)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Sweden
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2013-08-01
End date: 2017-07-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

In the past few years, impressive advances in optical microscopy have overcome the fundamental diffraction-limited barrier. Notwithstanding, many complex phenomena of industrial and biological relevance evolve not only in space but also in the time domain. However, an overlooked aspect in previous microscopy modalities relates to the temporal resolution. The goal of this project is to develop a novel optical microscope using frequency comb lasers that features spatial phase-sensitivity and achieves unprecedented (sub-microsecond) frame rates. This instrument adapts technologies from the realm of optical communications in order to achieve ultrafast shutter speeds and continuous (memory-limited) operation. The characteristics of this tool are suitable for imaging dynamic and non-repetitive phenomena with high statistical accuracy. We will approach this goal by leveraging the state-of-the-art laboratory facilities at the fiber-optic communications group of Prof. Peter Andrekson (where the candidate performs his main research activities). In the later stage of the project, we will establish a collaborative effort with the group of Prof. Aldo Jesorka (also at Chalmers University of Technology) to merge our microscope with microfluidics technology and explore its suitability for applications in single-cell imaging. This project opens up a new research avenue in optical imaging that benefits from recent advances in the field of ultrafast coherent optical communications. In addition, this project will also serve to consolidate the leadership of the applicant in the field of ultrafast photonics, and capitalize his expertise in high-repetition-rate electro-optic frequency comb technology and optical fiber communications acquired during his postdoctoral stages at McGill University, Canada, and Purdue University, USA.

Keywords: photonics,pulse shaping,microwave photonics,electro-optic modulation,optical communications,optical frequency comb,dual comb technique,microscopy,vibrometry
Housework Related Policies - Determinants and Consequences (HOUSEWORK POLICIES)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2013-11-01
End date: 2017-10-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Women’s difficulties in reconciling their work and family responsibilities stand in the heart of current demographic explanations concerning low fertility levels and low labour force participation levels of women in western developed countries. Despite the growing involvement of men, women are still doing the lion's share of housework across the board. The current research suggests focusing on policy which was almost overlooked by current family-policy research. Such policy, whether deliberately or not, might reduce women's role incompatibility by providing incentives to households, to outsource housework. Why is it important that households will outsource housework? Should governments act to replace unpaid domestic production with market, state-subsidized or state-provided substitutes? Drawing upon policy research, as well as on demographic and sociological research, this multidisciplinary project aims at analyzing the role of the state in encouraging the outsourcing of housework by households, and the incentives of governments to embrace such policies. These research interests will be met in few stages, using both quantitative and qualitative methods: A broad review and compilation of policies that support or encourage the outsourcing of housework in different countries, over time; a content analysis and a typology of relevant policies; and the compilation of an original longitudinal database of countries, and the characteristics of their housework policies. This country-level information can then be used in large-N regression analyses to analyse the housework policies and their consequences for female employment and fertility. On the whole, this project is likely the first effort to provide a broad overview of policy tools used by different countries to encourage the outsourcing of housework by households. In doing so, this project aims to contribute to cutting-edge research on welfare states policy by suggesting a new framework of "housework regimes".

Keywords: demography,family policy,fertility,gender inequality,households,housework,labor force participation,outsourcing,policy,women
The role of miRNAs in KRAS-driven Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (KRASMIR)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2013-10-01
End date: 2017-09-30
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Lung cancer is the leading cause of death by cancer in Europe. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents about 80% of total lung cancers. KRAS is the most commonly mutated oncogene in NSCLC, found in over 20% of patients. Since KRAS mutations are directly responsible for NSCLC, KRAS represents a relevant target to prevent NSCLC development. Yet, efforts to develop therapeutic inhibitors have failed for over 20 years, what represents an unmet clinical need in NSCLC. Thus, it is critical to identify targets of oncogenic KRAS that could unveil novel therapeutic candidates. In preliminary studies, molecular screening of downstream effectors of activated KRAS led to identification of several microRNAs. MiR-181a and b (miR-181a/b) were among the top microRNAs up-regulated upon KRAS activation. Moreover, genetic deletion of the miR-181ab1 cluster significantly impaired lung tumor development in vivo. These preliminary findings suggest a prominent role for miR-181a/b in KRAS oncogenesis. Thus, this proposal aims to dissect the role of miR-181a/b in the context of mutant KRAS to identify downstream target genes required for KRAS oncogenesis. We propose the following objectives: 1. To investigate the role of miR-181ab-1 cluster in vivo and the potential therapeutic value of miR-181a and b using a genetically-modified mouse model of Kras-driven NSCLC. 2. To uncover the functional role of miR-181a/b in human KRAS-driven oncogenesis using NSCLC cell lines and primary lung epithelial cells. 3. To identify miR-181a/b-regulated genes functionally critical for KRAS-dependent NSCLC. 4. To characterize the clinical implication of miR-181a/b-regulated genes in human NSCLC: translating in vitro and in vivo findings to human patients. We believe that results from this proposal will expand our current knowledge of the signaling network regulated by mutant KRAS. We hope to apply these findings to develop innovative therapeutic strategies for NSCLC patients harboring KRAS mutations

Keywords: lung cancer,kras oncogene,micrornas,mouse models,cell lines,clinical specimens
Load Monitoring of Aerospace Structures Through Shape Changes (MASS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2013-10-01
End date: 2017-09-30
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Aerospace structures age and degrade due to regular service usage which fleet operators are tasked with monitoring. Understanding the structural problems that may arise requires a comprehensive vision of the loads supported by the structure, the initial structural conditions, environmental effects on the structural performance, and the material conditions of the components composing the structure. Furthermore, all of these factors can interact, making it difficult to assess the degradation, and more importantly determining the remaining useful structural life. Traditionally, fleet operators monitored and made decisions for their fleet based on an average or typical usage profile, thus neglecting variations within the fleet and within the factors affecting the fleet. The primary objective of this proposal is to Monitor Aerospace Structural Shapes (MASS) in order to compute strain and stress distribution on the structure in real or quasi‐real time.

Keywords: load monitoring,holistic structural integrity process,structural integrity,mems,shm,smart structures,lifing,damage tolerance,safe life,composite structures