Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Labor Heterogeneity in Search Markets (LABORHETEROGENEITY)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Individuals, institutions and markets
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2011-StG_20101124, 2011)
Start date: 2012-09-01
End date: 2017-08-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1170000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1170000.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

The work laid out in this proposal aims to change our understanding of labor markets by viewing both the mobility as well as the frictions in the market as a consequence of long-term worker heterogeneity. Despite the advances in information technology which substantially reduce the costs of sending information (job advertisements, job applications) extracting the relevant information about worker quality remains hard. Long-term differences in ability coupled with screening frictions are proposed as the main reason for mismatch, for mobility, and for the presence of unemployment. The proposal is based on novel empirical observations on occupational mobility. Both low-paid workers as well as high-paid workers in an occupation tend to leave it. The former tend to move to occupations with lower average pay, while the opposite holds for the latter. This happens even within firms, and after excluding managerial positions. Most work on selection assumes that low-earners leave. This data suggest a novel angle: Workers have a long-term type that affects productivity in their current and in new occupations. They might accumulate human capital, but also their baseline ability is imperfectly known. Unexpectedly low performers (low-wage workers) have to leave towards less demanding tasks, while high performers change to more demanding tasks. This consistently accounts for the observed selection patterns. When workers know more about their ability than new firms, this also explains unemployment: firms spend efforts on screening, and impose costs on workers to induce them to self-select. The latter counteracts exogenous reductions in workers’ search costs. The aim is to develop a tractable model of screening unemployment that can serve as a building block in larger macro-labor models, and to assess the work of the government employment agency through the lens of a mechanism designer that facilitates match-making but relies on firms for additional screening of the unemployed.

Keywords: worker heterogeneity,worker mobility,screening frictions,learning
Diasporas and Contested Sovereignty: Transnational Diaspora Mobilization in Europe and Its Impact on Political Proceses in the Balkans, the Caucasus, and the Middle East (DIASPORACONTEST)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Institutions, values, beliefs and behaviour
Countries involved: United Kingdom,Netherlands
Call:  (ERC-2011-StG_20101124, 2011)
Start date: 2012-02-01
End date: 2017-09-30
Duration (months): 68.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1498771.0
EU funding (EUR): 1498771.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

This groundbreaking multi-methods political science study investigates the transnational mobilization of conflict-generated diasporas in Europe and its impact on polities experiencing contested sovereignty in the Balkans, the Caucasus, and the Middle East. Four researchers study how diasporas mobilize when a specific aspect of sovereignty is contested in the original homeland: The PI focuses on the emergence of new states (Kosovo, Nagorno-Karabakh, Palestine). The Post-doc focuses on a secessionist movement (Kurdish separatism in Turkey and Iraqi Kurdistan). The two Ph.D. students focus on challenges to sovereignty stemming from international military intervention (Iraq) and long-term international governance of a weak state (Bosnia-Herzegovina). Since the scholarly field of diasporas and conflicts still lacks theoretical rigor, this study brings a much needed systematization and innovates in several ways. First, it uses a sequential qualitative and quantitative analysis and multi-sited research techniques that have not been utilized so far. Second, the team seeks to develop a typological theory to incorporate in a single framework: 1) diasporic identities, 2) conditions providing political opportunity structures for transnational mobilization, 3) causal mechanisms concatenating in mobilization processes, and 4) transnational diaspora networks, penetrating various local and global institutions. The study further focuses on five levels of analysis: 1) the attitudes of individuals, 2) characteristics of specific groups, 3) five nation-states with different migrant incorporation regimes (France, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, and the UK), 4) supranational EU and global institutions penetrated by diaspora networks, 5) and patterns of mobilization specific to a certain region. The project also conducts a cross-country representative survey across 25 country-groups, creating a much needed quantitative dataset, sensitive both to transnationalism and specific context.

Keywords: diasporas,sovereignty,conflict,post-conflict reconstruction
Fibre Reinforced Composite Reflectors for Concentrated Solar Power Plants (COMPOSOL)

Framework: FP7 — Capacities
Programme: Research for the benefit of SMEs
Destination: Research for SMEs
Action type: Research for the benefit of specific groups
Countries involved: United Kingdom,Germany,Spain,United Kingdom,Germany,Switzerland,North Macedonia
Call:  (FP7-SME-2011, 2011)
Start date: 2012-01-01
End date: 2014-06-30
Duration (months): 30.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1414187.36
EU funding (EUR): 1104000.0
Participants: 8
Project status: CLOSED

The principle of concentrated solar power (CSP) is to reflect and focus solar energy collected from a wide area on to one point, using the thermal energy to produce steam or a hot liquid in order to transfer or store the energy. For this proposal, the solar collector will be made of carbon fibre composite material. This can be designed to be stiff (maintaining its position) whilst being light weight. For a similar sized currently used heliostat CSP, the structure would be self supporting (Sandwich structure) the weight would be 627kg, giving a weight saving of 80% of the backed structure and 23% of the unreinforced glass collector. This weight saving has benefits in terms of installation and transportation, but the main advantage of the weight saving is, the energy required to adjust the collector would be greatly reduced thus a reduced energy control system could move the collectors during service. With the metal components removed, corrosion resistance is greatly reduced. An advantage of a carbon fibre structure is the low coefficient of thermal expansion. In the areas that will benefit most from a CSP, the arid conditions produce high temperature variations daily. The technical goal of this project is to produce lightweight yet robust components for CSP collector components. Materials and processes will be identified and exploited to optimise the product and issues preventing optimisation will be investigated and solved. This proposal will have several aspects of work. Design and production of a novel composite collector, producing an adequate reflective surface on the composite, ensuring composite supports for the reflective surface, protecting that surface, and evaluating the effectiveness of the product. Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) will be considered to deposit a highly reflective coating onto a composite that will need to be manufactured to a high accuracy (surface finish) and durability.

Keywords: carbon fibre composite material,unreinforced glass collector,reduced energy control,lightweight,collector components,composite collector,physical vapour deposition,reflective coating
FROM DECISIONISM TO RATIONAL CHOICE: A History of Political Decision-Making in the 20th Century (HIPODEMA)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The study of the human past
Countries involved: France
Call:  (ERC-2011-StG_20101124, 2011)
Start date: 2011-12-01
End date: 2016-11-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 628004.0
EU funding (EUR): 628004.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Historians have good reasons to be highly suspicious of the “rational choice” methodologies that hold sway in economics, political science or sociology and that find a new lease on life today with the rise of the cognitive sciences. On the other hand, researchers using these methodologies show usually very little interest in history. The result is that we know very little about the historical development of “rational choice” as a way to define rationality in action, while this intellectual paradigm has become pervasive and reshaped the way we do science and the way we think about politics. This project will follow the problem of decision-making through the 20th century and weave into a single historical narrative its different disciplinary formulations. It starts with a puzzle: while the “decisionist” critiques of legality of the 1920s associated the decision with an anti-rationalist vision of politics, this notion gradually morphed into the epitome of “rational choice” after 1945. How did this transformation occur? The project will reconstruct this shift from a paradigm in which Law was the instrument that would make political decisions rational, to another in which the power of rationalization was vested in Science. It asks how the post-1945 efforts at specifying conditions of rationality for political decisions changed the meaning of “rationality.” It connects these developments to the interdisciplinary set of “decision sciences” that emerged in the 1950s around issues of strategic and political behavior and spawned our contemporary instruments of “conflict-resolution” or automated models of decision-making. The project suggests that “rationality” in political decision-making is not a transcendental norm, but a historically contingent benchmark dependent on its technical instrumentations. Democratizing political decision-making, then, means opening these models and instruments of rationalization to scholarly debate and public scrutiny.

Keywords: political rationality,rational choice,decisionism,decision-making
Representational preconditions for understanding other minds in the service of human collaboration and social learning (REPCOLLAB)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The Human Mind and its complexity
Countries involved: Hungary
Call:  (ERC-2011-StG_20101124, 2011)
Start date: 2012-03-01
End date: 2018-08-31
Duration (months): 78.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1449835.8
EU funding (EUR): 1449835.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The central aim of the proposed research project is to systematically explore the empirical implications of a novel theoretical approach to the early representational preconditions and the functional structure of the mechanisms dedicated for understanding other minds. We aim to explore and shed new theoretical light on the basic cognitive and brain mechanisms of the human social mind. One of these mechanisms that has received much attention by earlier approaches to ‘theory-of-mind’ research concerns the ability to infer and represent the mental states of others. Standard theories and research in the last twenty five years have suggested that representing other’s beliefs is an effortful and late developing capacity (Wellman et al., 2001) whose main function is to explain others’ behavior. Here we advance and propose to explore a new theoretical perspective according to which the mechanisms of mental state monitoring and representation involve primarily automatic and effortless processes grounded in on-line cooperative social interactions. Our approach is part of an on-going paradigm change in the field of theory-of-mind research motivated by the recent evidence showing that infants in their second year understand mental states (Onishi & Baillargeon, 2005). Our own research has gone a significant step further by demonstrating that these mechanisms are present as early as 7 month of age, and by showing that both young infants and adults seem to automatically compute others’ beliefs even in situations where they are not required to do so (Kovács et al., 2010). The present project explores the functional sub-components and triggering conditions of young infants’ powerful belief computation abilities and to chart their developmental unfolding. Furthermore, we shall explore the implications of the new theoretical proposal that this dedicated system presupposes as its proper domain the on-going collaborative and communicative interactions.

Keywords: theory of mind development,social cognition,mental representations
Integrated non-CO2 Greenhouse gas Observing System (INGOS)

Framework: FP7 — Capacities
Programme: Research Infrastructures
Destination: Support to existing research infrastructures
Action type: Combination of CP & CSA
Countries involved: Netherlands,Germany,Switzerland,France,United Kingdom,United Kingdom,Germany,Netherlands,Germany,Finland,Denmark,United Kingdom,European organisations area,United Kingdom,Italy,Germany,Norway,Germany,Sweden,United Kingdom,Poland,United Kingdom,Netherlands,Hungary,Netherlands,Poland,Germany,Spain,Netherlands,Spain,Spain,Spain
Call:  (FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES-2011-1, 2011)
Start date: 2011-10-01
End date: 2015-12-31
Duration (months): 51.0
Total project cost (EUR): 10442213.69
EU funding (EUR): 7999999.18
Participants: 38
Project status: CLOSED

InGOS will support and integrate the observing capacity of Europe for non-CO2 greenhouse gases (NCGHG: CH4, N2O, SF6, H2 and halocarbons). The emissions of these gases are very uncertain and it is unknown how future climate change will feedback into the land use coupled emissions of CH4 and N2O. The NCGHG atmospheric abundances will increase further in the future and the emissions of these gases are an attractive target for climate change mitigation policies. InGOS aims to improve the existing European observation system so that this will provide us insight into the concentration levels and European and extra-European emissions of the NCGHGs. The data from the network will enable to better constrain the emissions of NCGHGs within the EU and show whether emission reduction policies are effective. The data from the network is designed to allow to detect the spatial and temporal distribution (hotspots) of the sources and to detect changes in emissions due to mitigation and feedbacks with climate change. To strengthen the European observation system, the project has several objectives: • Harmonize and standardize the measurements. • Provide capacity building in new member states and countries with inadequate existing infrastructure. • Support existing observation sites and transfer of selected sites into supersites. • Integrate and further integrate marine observations of the NCGHGs with land-based observations • Improve measurement methods by testing new innovative techniques and strategies. • Test advanced isotope techniques for application in the network to enable attribution of the atmospheric fractions to source categories • Integrate data for network evaluation by using inverse modeling and data-assimilation methods and developments in bottom up inventories • Link the network to remote sensing data of column abundances from in-situ and satellite observations • Prepare for the integration of the NCGHG network with the Integrated Carbon Observation System

Keywords: climate change,atmospheric composition,greenhouse gases,halocarbons,measurement techniques,ftir spectroscopy,cavity ringdown spectroscopy,emission verification,dial,isotopic composition
Strengthening International Dimension of Euro-Argo Research Infrastructure (SIDERI)

Framework: FP7 — Capacities
Programme: Research Infrastructures
Destination: Support to policy development and Programme implementation
Action type: Coordination and support actions
Countries involved: France,Germany,United Kingdom,United Kingdom,Netherlands,Spain,Italy,Ireland,Norway,Greece,France,Bulgaria,Poland
Call:  (FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES-2011-1, 2011)
Start date: 2011-12-01
End date: 2013-11-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1270457.51
EU funding (EUR): 900000.0
Participants: 13
Project status: CLOSED

The objective of this project is to strengthen the links and integration of the Euro-Argo European research infrastructure into the Argo International strategy of global ocean observations, and to seek participation by, and to develop cooperation with, potential participants in the European neighbouring areas which have a maritime interest. The following activities are planned: - Work on the evolution of the Argo core mission together with international partners (O2, bio-geochemical sensors, deep floats, extension to polar and marginal seas), - Work on the evolution of the Argo data centers (Delayed Mode Quality Control of the North Atlantic ARC and Southern Ocean Argo Regional Center) and role of the European components, - Refine the float deployment strategy in Europe and international seas and links with international partners, - making the interfaces with JCOMMOPS and Argo information center (AIC), - working on legal aspects and policy issues (law of the sea), - Organize scientific and thematic (regional) workshops open to international partners This project will be carried by the Euro-Argo preparatory phase project partners that will form the future partners of the Euro-Argo ERIC.

Keywords: argo,floats,climate change,ocean observatory,research infrastructure,gmes
Analysis and Modelling of Multi-wavelength Observational Data from Protoplanetary Discs (DISCANALYSIS)

Framework: FP7 — Cooperation
Programme: Space
Destination: Strengthening the foundations of Space science and technology
Action type: Collaborative project
Countries involved: United Kingdom,Austria,France,Netherlands,Netherlands
Call:  (FP7-SPACE-2011-1, 2011)
Start date: 2012-01-01
End date: 2016-03-31
Duration (months): 51.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2600621.6
EU funding (EUR): 1993622.0
Participants: 6
Project status: CLOSED

The search for planets outside of the solar system, related to the question "are we alone in the universe?", is undoubtedly one of the main science drivers for the current design of telescopes and astronomical instrumentation. In this FP7 project, we will study the birth-places of such exo-planets, the so-called protoplanetary discs, by combining multi-wavelength space data (HERSCHEL, XMM, HST, SPITZER) with ground-based continuum and line data (VLT, JCMT, APEX, ALMA, eMERLIN). Large amounts of survey data exist, but are seriously under-utilised. We will mainly use our FP7 resources for the manpower to collect, analyse and interpret these data by means of novel high-quality disc models. Besides archival data, our team has access to the latest results from ongoing observational key programmes (from X-ray to cm wavelength), and these data need to be folded in to probe the conditions for planet formation, such as density, temperature and chemical composition, over the discs' full radial extent. Our team also covers the required modelling know-how to reach an unprecedented level of completeness concerning the inclusion of important physical processes (astrochemistry, gas heating & cooling, dust evolution, continuum & line radiative transfer, non-LTE modelling). We also aim for a breakthrough in wavelength-coverage and completeness as to how the models are compared to observations (photometry, interferometry, line fluxes, line profiles and images). Based on these multi-wavelength data sets and our detailed modelling efforts, we will be able to determine the physical and chemical structure of the discs, and answer a number of fundamental questions related to planet formation, for example, how the gas and dust in discs evolve in time, how important the stellar UV and X-ray irradiation is, and how the presence of planets alters the disc structure. We will capitalise on our unique team expertise in observations & modelling to make the best use of existing European space-mission data to explore disc evolution and the initial conditions of planet formation.

Keywords: exploitation of space and ground-based data,star and planet formation,circumstellar matter,protoplanetary disks,analysis & modelling,astrochemistry,dust,radiative transfer,line formation
Forward Acquisition of Soil and Terrain for Exploration Rover (FASTER)

Framework: FP7 — Cooperation
Programme: Space
Destination: Strengthening the foundations of Space science and technology
Action type: Collaborative project
Countries involved: Germany,United Kingdom,United Kingdom,Belgium,Austria,Poland
Call:  (FP7-SPACE-2011-1, 2011)
Start date: 2011-11-01
End date: 2014-11-30
Duration (months): 37.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2732342.28
EU funding (EUR): 1985541.62
Participants: 6
Project status: CLOSED

The goal of the FASTER project is to address three key technology developments for planetary exploration: forward looking surface properties characterisation, innovative locomotion system for a scout type rover, and collaborative operation of a mother/scout pair. 1.) The project will develop methods and instrumentation to characterise the properties of planetary surfaces in which robotic rover vehicles operate to be able to anticipate hazards in advance of locomotion and navigation over that surface. By assessing the soil trafficability for a rover, decisions affecting rover safety (avoiding becoming stuck) can be reliably taken and hazards avoided. 2.) The project will look at what innovation can be applied to ensure that the scout rover is able to operate with minimal risk of encountering hazardous situations from which it must recover. 3.) FASTER will explore the feasibility and performance of a mother/scout rover pair combination and develop methods to achieve successful collaborative and autonomous robot operation. The forward looking scout rover will be equipped with a special combination of sensor technologies to acquire soil and terrain information. This information will allow a risk model to be constructed that indicates the potential hazards that the terrain represents to the following mother rover. Reducing the locomotion and traverse risks using the proposed advances in autonomous mother / scout collaboration will allow mission operators to explore planetary surfaces with increased safety. It will make possible new levels of autonomous operations by significantly reducing the greatest uncertainty factor – namely properties of the surface material on which the rover must operate. This will lead to increased operational efficiency and, when coupled with the increased richness of the surface properties data, will lead to much higher scientific returns per capital investment for each mission.

Keywords: planetary exploration,robotics,soil characterization,trafficabilitiy,autonomy,collaboration