Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Historical Genomics of the Mediterranean Olive tree (GENOLIVE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2007-2-1-IEF, 2007)
Start date: 2008-09-15
End date: 2010-09-14
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 233218.14
EU funding (EUR): 233218.14
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The goal of GENOLIVE is to support the career development of an experienced researcher through training and the completion of a research project on the post-glacial history of olive populations. It will contribute to the acquisition of specific scientific competencies (pyrosequencing, coalescent methods) as well as complementary skills (e.g. project management, results dissemination) in a top education organisation. An international network of scientists will also be constituted to achieve the pyrosequencing and tree sampling. The olive is one of the first domesticated trees. Previous genetic studies supported that all cultivars have originated from wild Mediterranean populations (or oleasters). However several questions remain about the oleaster post-glacial history. Particularly, most of the wild trees considered as genuine could be derived from ancient cultivated forms. In GENOLIVE, we propose a population genetic study of the olive tree based on plastid and nuclear genomes. Firstly, we will generate the complete plastid sequence of six distinct haplotypes by pyrosequencing. Detected polymorphisms will be used to characterise a comprehensive sample of Mediterranean trees. Secondly, a sub-sample of oleaster populations will be studied using nuclear gene sequences. Classical phylogeographical analyses as well as coalescent simulations will be used to interpret the genetic diversity patterns. We will test different hypotheses of oleaster recolonisation and will attempt to determine the origins of most oleaster populations (genuine vs. feral). Disentangling the oleaster history is important because it will bring new insights on the cultivated olive origins and may have impacts for the genetic resources management of this important crop. The datasets resulting from this project are also expected to push additional projects (e.g. characterisation of archaeological material).

Keywords: plant domestication,population genetics,phylogeography,genetic resources,conservation biology,plant genetics,molecular evolution
Effects of antibiotic administration on the composition of the human intestinal microbiota, the prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria and the development of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (AMIDIM)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2007-2-1-IEF, 2007)
Start date: 2008-05-06
End date: 2010-09-05
Duration (months): 28.0
Total project cost (EUR): 234352.16
EU funding (EUR): 234352.16
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Antibiotics remain valuable agents to fight infectious disease, but can also affect the normal gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiota resulting in detrimental symptoms. Despite the long therapeutic use of antibiotics, it is still unclear which components of the anaerobic gut microbiota are affected causing the development of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (AAD), one of the most frequent side effects of antibiotic intake. It is also unknown whether the reduced number of commensal bacteria is sufficient to favour pathogen colonization, including by the most pathogenic agent linked to AAD, Clostridium difficile, or whether other conditions in the GIT change to promote pathogen colonization. The objectives of this proposal are (1) to rapidly monitor variations in the structure of the colonic microbial community thus identifying any population shifts due to tetracycline (Tc) therapy in human acne sufferers, (2) to investigate the effect of Tc treatment and other gut parameters on specific gene expression and the colonization ability of C. difficile isolates, and (3) to monitor changes in the occurrence and prevalence of specific tetracycline resistance (TcR) genes following long-term Tc treatment. The combination of the molecular ecology, molecular genetics and transcriptomic approaches that will be applied in this proposal will provide us with a deeper understanding of the role played by the GIT microbiota in human health, including how pathogens may gain control of the GIT ecosystem following antibiotic therapy, and finally of the contribution made by commensal GIT bacteria to the dissemination and emergence of bacterial antibiotic resistance.

Keywords: health sciences,antibiotic-associated diarrhoea,gut microbial ecosystem,tetracycline resistance,clostridum difficile,bacterial iron regulon,bacterial pathogenesis,microarray
Optimization and application of Intense High-Order harmonics (OHIO)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Sweden
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2007-4-2-IIF, 2007)
Start date: 2008-05-01
End date: 2010-04-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 178454.93
EU funding (EUR): 178454.93
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

High-order harmonic generation (HHG) as a relatively inexpensive and widely available alternative source in the x-ray region was discovered nearly 20 years ago. The physics is now well understood. Applications are emerging, e.g. in attosecond science. The main difficulty, however, remains the low conversion efficiency and the low number of photons available. Efforts must be undertaken to further increase the output energy of high-order harmonic. The main objective of this proposal is to optimize high order harmonic generation and to explore some of its applications. Single atom response and collective effects will be both considered for the optimization of high-order harmonic generation. The mixing of the fundamental laser with double frequencies and even with an attosecond pulse train will be used to enhance the single atom efficiency. The collective emission will be optimized by increasing the total radiation volume and by achieving phase-matching conditions in different spectral range, developing in particular, quasi-phase matching techniques with weak counter propagating beams. Three applications of intense high-order harmonics will be explored, time-resolved digital in-line holography, nonlinear optics in the extreme ultraviolet range and seeding for free-electron laser research.

Keywords: optics,atomic physics,experimental physics,nonlinear optics
High energy neutrino astronomy with IceCube: towards the detection of neutrinos from Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) (HE NEUTRINO ICECUBE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2007-4-1-IOF, 2007)
Start date: 2008-09-01
End date: 2011-08-31
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 215259.8
EU funding (EUR): 215259.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The detection of high-energy extraterrestrial neutrinos is one of the ultimate challenges in astroparticle physics. Besides opening a new observational window, neutrino astronomy has the potential to solve the long-standing question of the origin of cosmic rays and can also determine the production mechanism of high energy photons. The IceCube observatory currently under construction at the South Pole is the most advanced project providing a realistic chance to detect the first neutrino sources. While the construction is expected to be completed during the period of this project, physics operation with the intermediate detector has already started during May 2007. A significant contribution to the construction and early maintenance of the IceCube detector will be given with the proposed fellowship. The continously taken data from the gradually growing detector will accumulate already in 2009 to the equivalent of one year of full IceCube operation, giving rise for the hope of first discoveries during the project period. Within this project novel and more advanced data analysis methods will be developed and applied on the largest sample of high energy neutrinos ever available. The most recent astrophysical knowledge will be included in the optimization of the searches as well as all the neutrino detection channels (muon track and cascade). The focus will be on the search for neutrinos from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) as prime candidates for extragalactic cosmic ray sources.

Keywords: physics,astrophysics,astroparticle physics,neutrino astronomy,gamma ray bursts,cosmic ray origin,non-thermal emission,high-energy astrophysics
Social networks and idiosyncratic risk in the hedge funds industry (SNIR)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2007-2-1-IEF, 2007)
Start date: 2008-03-17
End date: 2010-03-16
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 161792.99
EU funding (EUR): 161792.99
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The origin of the hedge funds industry goes back to a small group of people that began to invest in it. Over time pioneers turned to people similar to themselves in order to involve them in the industry. This makes this industry created in the image of their founders and constituted of a network of people close and similar to each other. Above all this kind of network formation affects the performance of this industry and its risk. In particular, it is important to analyse the idiosyncratic risk that is defined as the inability of the actors to see important trends issues on account of cognitive myopia. To assess the idiosyncratic risk is necessary to analyze the cognitive myopia of actors that is to analyze whether or not actors think alike. The aim of this project is to assess the idiosyncratic risk in the hedge funds industry by analysing the individual attributes, the social network linking actors and the actors’ perceptions. In particular, this project proposes to establish the extent to which the hedge fund market is open to systemic risk on account of cognitive bias of the actors and to identify which parts of the market are most at risk. To this aim this project will develop quantitative estimates of the networks of the actors that gives real insight into idiosyncratic risk. The project will look at the attributes of the actors and will be based on their network profiles in order to provide insight into what constitutes idiosyncratic risk and the profile of a winning manager. Besides, the project will look at the organizational and network data of about 9.000 hedge funds in order to investigate the organizational and network determinants of their performance. By looking at both the individual and organizational levels of analysis the project will provide insight of the social system’s patterns that characterize the hedge funds industry and their managers and will establish the dimensions of competition and risk at the basis of the hedge funds performance

Keywords: social networks,hedge funds,risk
REGULATION OF AIR POLLUTION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN UKRAINE: GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM APPROACH (CGEUKR)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Italy
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2007-4-2-IIF, 2007)
Start date: 2009-01-15
End date: 2011-01-14
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 151985.98
EU funding (EUR): 151985.98
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The project proposal aims to explore the trends of economic growth, air pollution and the emission reduction policies for Ukraine. To perform this task a dynamic general equilibrium model for energy-environmental interactions in Ukrainian economy linked with a global model will be developed. It will allow quantification of the emission pathways in Ukraine, exploration of the main challenges related to the economic damages from air pollution and economic implication of the emission reduction policies on the national and global levels.

Keywords: economics,general equilibrium modelling,air pollution.
Application of biofuel by-products to the soil: implications for Carbon Sequestration and GHG Emissions (BEST)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2007-2-1-IEF, 2007)
Start date: 2008-11-01
End date: 2010-10-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 159434.23
EU funding (EUR): 159434.23
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Biofuel production is considered a promising strategy for reducing the net emissions of CO2 into the atmosphere and decreasing dependence on fossil fuels. Hence interest in energy production from renewable biomass is increasing worldwide. However, biofuel production also implies a decrease in the return of carbon (C) rich crop residues to the soil, which is replaced with nitrogen (N) rich by-products of biofuel production (BBPs). This may profoundly affect the greenhouse gas (GHG) balance of the soil, both through a decrease in the soil organic carbon content (CO2 emission), and through an increase in N2O emission from mineralized N. However, no scientific data is available to quantify this effect. Research on the effects of biofuel production on the GHG balance of the soil is therefore needed to complete the life cycle analysis (LCA) of biofuel production. The aim of this proposal is to quantify the effect of BBPs applied to the soil on GHG emissions and related N and C dynamics in the soil. We will work with by-products of the three main bioenergy chains: (i) bioethanol from wheat; (ii) biodiesel from rapeseed; and (iii) biogas from anaerobic digestion of silage maize. In a series of laboratory incubation experiments, the C and N mineralization of the various BBPs will be assessed in relation to crop residue and N fertilizers. The fate of C from crop residue and BBPs in the soil organic matter fractions of increasing stability will be quantified using 13C tracing. The combined effect of changes in SOC and N2O emission will be expressed in terms of global warming potential to complete the LCA of the various biofuel chains.

Keywords: carbon cycle (climate change),soil management,greenhouse gases (climate change),biofuels,waste management,nitrous oxide
The evolution of genetic robustness. (2B-ROBUST)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2007-2-1-IEF, 2007)
Start date: 2008-03-01
End date: 2010-02-28
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 151936.08
EU funding (EUR): 151936.08
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Most genes are not required for viability. This robustness to mutation is a fundamental property of complex biological systems but the mechanism(s) underlying it and how it evolves is unclear. It has been proposed that robustness can result from genetic redundancy through gene duplication and the distributed nature of biological networks. The robustness of both yeast and C. elegans has been dissected using genetic interaction screens, where combinations of mutations are screened for a synthetic effect (i.e. a stronger phenotype than the phenotype of each individual mutation). Since many human diseases are likely to be caused by combinatorial effects between mutations it is important to understand the underlying mechanisms of genetic interactions and also whether genetic interactions in model organisms can be used to predict interactions in humans. In the current work, using phylogenetic analysis we aim to systematically investigate whether genetic redundancy between gene duplicates is maintained across extensive evolutionary periods. As a second aspect of this work, we will use experiments in C. elegans to test whether the connectivity of a gene within a genetic interaction network is conserved between species, despite the fact that individual connections are under high turnover. To gain deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying genetic interactions we will also investigate the contribution of transcription regulatory interactions to genetic interaction networks. In brief, this proposal aims to investigate the mechanisms and evolution of genetic robustness to mutation. The results will provide a framework for understanding and predicting how mutations combine to cause disease in humans. Moreover the Fellowship will also provide the applicant with advanced training in Systems Biology and in the experimental and computational analysis of genetic networks, and will establish her as an independent scientific investigator.

Keywords: computational biology,evolutionary biology,systems biology
Natural and Artificially Influenced Swash-Groundwater Interactions Experiments (NATARISE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2007-2-1-IEF, 2007)
Start date: 2009-03-01
End date: 2011-02-28
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 158300.21
EU funding (EUR): 158300.21
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Effective management of coastal erosion is a major stakes for the European Union. In a context of global warming and overpopulation of the coasts, the overall purpose of this project is to improve understanding of the hydrosedimentary processes affecting the instantaneous land-sea interface (the beachface), at the origin of an erosion or accretion of a coast. The objectives are: (1) To study the impact of the various types of marine waves on the swash/beach groundwater/sediment transit interactions, starting from experiments carried out on 4 beaches representative of the Europe’s sandy coasts (North Sea, Atlantic and Mediterranean beaches). (2) To investigate the instantaneous effects of the drainage influence over swash in/exfiltration speeds and volume in order to improve the understanding of the operation of an innovative and promising - but still badly understood - method of fight against coastal erosion: the Beach Dewatering Systems. Response to these objectives will be made by the use of innovative experimental field methods (measurement of swash in/exfiltration speeds, use of a BDS for artificially generating erosion/accretion conditions), and by the data processing and analysis within the host institution (Coastal Group - University of Utrecht), highly recognized in the field. The obtained results will allow a better understanding of the physical aspects of the swash infiltration/exfiltration parameters, and to render BDS applicable to the greatest number of sites. Skills and knowledge acquired by Adrien Lambert (the applicant) within the framework of this project as its cooperation with the host (Associate Prof. Gerben Ruessink) will contribute to the quality of the results, like improving and widening the field of expertise of the applicant for his future recruitment. This project will contribute finally to the radiation of European research by allowing a significant advance within the field of soft engineering shoreline stabilization methods.

Keywords: physical oceanography,coastal erosion,sandy beaches,beachface morphodynamics,swash zone,beach groundwater,fight against coastal erosion,soft engineering,beach dewatering systems
Investigating the role of the carbon cycle on the environmental fate of semivolatile organic pollutants (CARBPOL)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2007-2-1-IEF, 2007)
Start date: 2008-04-01
End date: 2009-12-31
Duration (months): 21.0
Total project cost (EUR): 169957.94
EU funding (EUR): 169957.94
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Semivolatile organic compounds (SOCs) are a heterogeneous class of chemicals including many ubiquitous toxic pollutants such as the “notorious” persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The environmental fate of SOCs is strongly influenced by organic carbon (C) rich media. Organic soils, sediments and biomasses, serve as store compartments for the environmental burden of these pollutants. Preliminary results showed that productive ecosystems, such as forests, can enhance the deposition fluxes of airborne SOCs, with implications at the global scale. The main hypothesis behind the present project is that the C cycle controls the global environmental cycling of SOCs. This means that changes in the actual balance of synthesis and degradation of the organic C (associated for example to the global warming and land use change) can considerably modify the exposure scenario, possibly remobilizing the old burdens of pollutants. The main goal of the research is to investigate the mechanisms behind this link. In particular the study is aimed to: - Characterize the capacity of different productive ecosystems (including terrestrial and marine systems) in dynamically sequestering SOCs as a function of ecological and chemical parameters. - Investigate the effect of the organic matter mineralization on the environmental fate of SOCs. - Merge the rising information in mathematical models in order to provide tools for the mechanistic evaluation and risk assessment. The research activity is designed to adopt a multidisciplinary approach. Knowledge and techniques achievable from different fields (such as environmental chemistry, chemical engineering, ecology, plant physiology and marine biology) will be integrated in order to produce a structured interpretative framework useful to assess possible exposure scenarios of a changing environment.

Keywords: semivolatile organic compounds,persistent organic pollutants,carbon cycle,risk assessment,ecosystem,climate change