Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Geometric Mechanics (GEOMECH)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Research Staff Exchange Scheme
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Belgium,Spain,Czechia
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IRSES, 2009)
Start date: 2011-01-01
End date: 2014-12-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 158400.0
EU funding (EUR): 158400.0
Participants: 3
Project status: CLOSED

Geometric mechanics is the common name that is given to those research activities that are devoted to the application of differential geometry to various fields of theoretical physics, in particular to classical mechanics (Lagrange and Hamilton mechanics), dynamical systems theory and control theory. This proposal concerns a joint exchange programme in this broad field, centered around the following four topics: (1) geometric structures in mechanics and field theory; (2) nonholonomic mechanics and geometric control theory; (3) geometry of second-order differential equations and the calculus of variations; (4) geometric integration techniques. There are three European partners involved: Ghent University (Belgium), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (Madrid, Spain) and the University of Ostrava (Ostrava, Czech Republic), and four non-European partners: Waseda University (Tokio, Japan), the University of California (San Diego, USA), Universidad Nacional del Sur (Bahia Blanca, Argentina) and La Trobe University (Bundoora, Victoria, Australia). The partners have been chosen both in function of a strong overlap of interests and in complementarity of expertise in the subfields covered by the project. The main objective consists in establishing new and reinforcing existing collaborations in the field of geometric mechanics through the exchange of both experienced and non-experienced researchers.

Keywords: differential geometry,mathematical physics,classical mechanics,control theory,field theory,computational mathematics
Complex Interfacial Flows: From the Nano- to the Macro-Scale (CIF)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Products and process engineering
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2009-AdG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-04-01
End date: 2016-03-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1273788.0
EU funding (EUR): 1273788.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

A wide variety of natural phenomena and technological applications involve flow, transport and chemical reactions taking place on or near fluid-solid or fluid-fluid interfaces. From gravity currents under water and lava flows to heat and mass transport processes in engineering applications and to the rapidly developing field of microfluidics. Both equilibrium properties of a fluid and transportcoefficients are modified in the vicinity of interfaces. The effect of these changes is crucial in the behavior of ultra-thin fluidfilms and fluid motion in microchannels of micro-electromechanical systems, but is essential as well in macroscopic phenomena involving interfacial singularities, such as thin-film rupture and motion of three-phase contact lines associated e.g. with droplet spreading. Interface boundaries are mesoscopic structures. While material properties vary smoothly at macroscopic distances from an interface, gradients in the normal direction of conserved parameters, such as density, are steep with strong variations as the molecular scale in the neighborhood of the interface is approached. This brings about a contradiction between the need in macroscopic description and a necessity to take into consideration microscopic factors that come to influence the fluid motion and transport on incommensurately larger scales. The aim of the proposed research is to develop a class of novel continuous models bridging the gap between molecular dynamics and conventional hydrodynamics and applicable at mesoscopic distances from gas-liquid and fluid-solid interfaces. A combination of analytical techniques, numerical modeling and computer-aided multiscale analysis will be employed. The results of the proposed work will greatly contribute to the fundamental understanding of mesoscopic non-equilibrium phenomena in the vicinity of interfaces and to the development of novel computational methods combining the advantages of molecular and continuous models.

Keywords: applied mathematics,free-surface thin film flows,interfacial phenomena,asymptotic matching,interfacial instabilities
Optimisation of Multiscale Structures with Applications to Morphing Aircraft (OMSAMA)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Products and process engineering
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2009-AdG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-05-01
End date: 2015-04-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2481462.0
EU funding (EUR): 2481462.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The performance of engineering structures is continuously increasing, enabled by the accurate simulation and subsequent optimization of these systems. The ACARE Vision 2020 document set the ambitious goal of a 50% reduction in aircraft emissions that can only be achieved through a step change in aircraft technology. Adaptive structures and morphing aircraft are novel technologies that can provide this step change, and this proposal provides an efficient method to model, optimize and realize these structures. Morphing aircraft have the ability to alter the shape of their wings to improve fuel efficiency or to increase control effectiveness. The Wright brothers employed wing warping for roll control, but as aircraft speeds increased compliant structures were replaced with small, rigid control surfaces. Bird flight motivates the search for more efficient solutions, where a compliant structure is continuously optimized in flight using distributed sensors and actuators. From the structural perspective the objective is to produce fully integrated, hierarchical structures with compliance control. However the requirements are conflicting: the structure must be stiff to withstand the external loads, but must be flexible to enable shape changes. The solution to this conflict is to design the structure to decouple the two actions, through components with significant anisotropy and integrated actuation. The components may be modelled at the micro scale, but these models are too large for system optimization studies. This proposal provides a step change to existing methods by developing a framework where multi-scale and multi-physics modelling may be achieved efficiently, though significant improvements in the way in which the different models of varying fidelity communicate.

Keywords: compliant mechanisms,anisotropic structure,smart structure,adaptive structure
Explosive Volcanism in the Earth System (EVOKES)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Earth system science
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (ERC-2009-AdG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-04-01
End date: 2017-07-31
Duration (months): 88.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2991058.0
EU funding (EUR): 2991058.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Volcanism, is a vital factor in the Earth system. Molten silicates are a major transport agent in the differentiation and interaction of lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. Further, the immediate consequences of volcanic eruptions on all scales - local, regional and global - are issues of direct practical relevance to mankind as they are measured in lives, infrastructure and the environment. Volcanism is the result of a complex interplay of physico-chemical processes operating at varying efficiencies during ascent, differentiation and eruption of magma. As a result, volcanic phenomena span a range from effusive to explosive. The largest explosive events are repeatedly responsible for global impact on the Earth System, yet it is precisely these events that, due to their explosive character, are relatively inaccessible for direct scientific investigation. A major opportunity in accessing such systems has been provided by recent technological advances permitting the experimental investigation of volcanism. Experimental volcanology operates directly under volcanic conditions of time, pressure, temperature, and state; a near-unique opportunity in the solid earth sciences. Based on experimental volcanology, this project aims to provide mechanistic models of magmatic/volcanic processes and their impact on the Earth System. Four priority areas are selected as those needing most urgent attention. These are: 1) Quantification of the rheology of magma/lava for parameterisation of stress-strain relationships in numerical simulations of eruptive events. 2) Mechanistic understanding explosive failure of magma for the interpretation of volcanic hazard monitoring. 3) Development of quantitative methods for inferring eruptive physics from the physico-chemical fossil records (thermal, magnetic, chemical) preserved in volcanic lavas. 4) Experimental characterisation of the physical, chemical and biological properties and impact of volcanic ash on the earth system.

Keywords: experimental volcanology,rheology,failure,fragmentation,ash
Low-background Underground Cryogenic Installation For Elusive Rates (LUCIFER)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Fundamental constituents of matter
Countries involved: Italy
Call:  (ERC-2009-AdG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-03-01
End date: 2016-02-29
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 3294400.0
EU funding (EUR): 3294400.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

In the field of fundamental particle physics the neutrino has become more and more important in the last few years, since the discovery of its mass. In particular, the ultimate nature of the neutrino (if it is a Dirac or a Majorana particle) plays a crucial role not only in neutrino physics, but in the overall framework of fundamental particle interactions and in cosmology. The only way to disentangle its ultimate nature is to search for the so-called Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay (0½DBD). The goal of LUCIFER is to build a background-free 0½DBD experiment with a discovery potential better than the future, already approved, funded experiments. Although aiming at a discover, in the case of insufficient sensitivity the LUCIFER technique will be the demonstrator for a higher mass experiment able to probe the entire inverted hierarchy region of the neutrino mass and to start approaching the direct one. The idea of LUCIFER is to join the bolometric technique proposed for the CUORE experiment (one of the few 0½DBD experiments in construction world-wide) with the bolometric light detection technique used in cryogenic dark matter experiments. The bolometric technique allows an extremely good energy resolution while its combination with the scintillation detection offers an ultimate tool for background rejection. Preliminary tests on several 0½DBD detectors have clearly demonstrated the excellent background rejection capabilities that arise from the simultaneous, independent, double readout (heat + scintillation).

Keywords: neutrino physics majorana mass double beta decay
Quantitative Multidimensional Imaging of Interfacial Fluxes (QUANTIF)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Physical and Analytical Chemical sciences
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2009-AdG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-09-01
End date: 2015-08-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2129141.0
EU funding (EUR): 2129141.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Interfacial physicochemical processes are ubiquitous in chemistry, the life sciences and materials science, underpinning some of the most important scientific and technological challenges of the 21st century. The overarching aim of this proposal is to draw together separate strands of interfacial science by creating a unique holistic approach to the investigation of physicochemical processes and developing principles and methods which have cross-disciplinary application. To understand and optimise interfacial physicochemical processes, the major aspiration is to obtain high resolution pictures of chemical fluxes at a scale commensurate with our understanding of structure. The proposed research will address this need and break new ground by: (a) developing a family of innovative imaging methods capable of quantitatively visualising interfacial fluxes with unprecedented resolution that have wide application; and (b) establishing a common framework applicable to different fields of science through the usage of electrochemical principles. Experimental/instrumentation aspects will be supported by advanced modelling of mass transport-chemical reactivity. The research programme will focus on three distinct and important exemplar topics. (i) Electrochemical processes at new forms of carbon, including carbon nanotubes and graphene, where a major challenge is to identify the active sites for electron transfer. (ii) Membrane transport, where the goal is to identify the true factors controlling passive permeation across bilayer lipid membranes, with implications for understanding membrane function. (iii) Crystal growth/dissolution, where there is a major need to bridge kinetic and structural studies so as to understand the relationship between surface features and local flux. The project will allow a team of sufficient critical mass to be constituted to transfer knowledge between each area and establish a new way of addressing and understanding interfacial processes.

Keywords: ultramicroelectrodes,electrochemical imaging,confocal microscopy,crystal growth
Critical Behaviour in Magmatic Systems (CRITMAG)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Earth system science
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2009-AdG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-04-01
End date: 2015-03-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2959518.0
EU funding (EUR): 2959518.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Crustal magmatism is periodic on a very wide range of timescales from pulses of continental crustal growth, through formation of granite batholiths, to eruptions from individual volcanic centres. The cause of this periodicity is not understood. I aim to address this long-standing geological problem through a combination of experiments, petrological methods and numerical models via a novel proposal that periodicity arises because of the highly non-linear ( critical ) behaviour of magma crystallinity with temperature in a series of linked crustal magma reservoirs. The ultimate objective is to answer five fundamental questions: &quot; Why is crustal magmatism episodic? &quot; How are large batholiths formed of rather similar magmas over long periods of time? &quot; How do large bodies of eruptible magma develop that can lead to huge, caldera-forming eruptions? &quot; What controls the chemistry of crustal magmas? Why are some compositions over-represented relative to others? &quot; What is the thermal structure beneath volcanic arcs and how does it evolve with time? The project will address these questions through case studies of three contrasted active volcanoes: Nevado de Toluca, Mexico; Soufriere St Vincent, Lesser Antilles; and Mount Pinatubo, Philippines. For each volcano I will use experimental petrology to constrain the phase relations of the most recently erupted magma as a function of pressure, temperature, volatile content and oxygen fugacity in the shallow, sub-volcanic storage region. I will also carry out high-pressure phase equilibria on coeval Mg-rich basaltic rocks from each area with the aim of constraining the lower crustal conditions under which the shallow magmas were generated and use diffusion chronometry to constrain the frequency of magmatic pulses in the sub-volcanic reservoirs. The project will result in a quantum leap forwards in how experimental and observational petrology can be used to understand magmatic behaviour beneath hazardous volcanoes

Keywords: magmatic systems,volcanic hazard
Understanding and Supporting Families with Complex Needs (SUPPORTING FAMILIES)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Research Staff Exchange Scheme
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom,Italy,Norway,Sweden,United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IRSES, 2009)
Start date: 2010-07-01
End date: 2014-12-31
Duration (months): 54.0
Total project cost (EUR): 243000.0
EU funding (EUR): 243000.0
Participants: 5
Project status: CLOSED

Understanding and supporting families with multiple and complex needs is an area of policy and practice that is gaining importance and emphasis across the European Union and beyond. This growing policy interest is mirrored by emergent theoretical and empirical research in various countries. Despite this interest, a recent international research review of approaches to supporting families with complex needs, carried out by Morris, Hughes, Clarke and colleagues (2008) at the University of Birmingham, illustrates a stark paucity of academic analyses of policy and practice concerned specifically with ‘family’ in relation to a number of service user groups and marginalised communities. That which exists appears fragmented, with little coherency to the international knowledge base regarding current approaches, effective practice or appropriate research methodologies. This proposal therefore seeks to exploit existing and potential links between divergent disciplines and knowledge streams, both nationally and internationally, to enhance understandings of family-focused approaches across domains of social care, education, and health. It will explore theoretical frameworks, models and approaches dominant in particular practice settings, and their impact in responding to specific needs of families in each partner country. It will also explore the challenges, tensions and contradictions in implementing family-focused policies and practices, and the implications for professional knowledge and frameworks, and associated training. Drawing on the varying expertise of each partner, it will test strategies to address the challenges in the design of family-centred evaluation and research able to effectively capture the experiences for whole families, as families as well as individuals. In doing so, it will develop a network of universities with expertise in family-related research and form the basis for a much wider network, able to utilise and contribute to our analyses.

Keywords: family,family policy,complex needs,social exclusion,family-centred research,whole-family approach,social care,social work,health,education.
Properties and Applications of the Gauge/Gravity Correspondence (STRING)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Fundamental constituents of matter
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2009-AdG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-01-01
End date: 2015-12-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1475000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1475000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This proposal is concerned with developing and exploiting the remarkable connections between many relativistic and nonrelativistic matter systems on the one hand, and gravitating systems on the other. These connections are implied by the correspondence between gauge quantum field theory and quantum gravity (the gauge/gravity correspondence ) that is a characteristic feature of string theory, which unifies gravity and Yang-Mills gauge theory in a fundamental manner. There are several interrelated objectives: (1) Strongly coupled non-gravitational systems. The aim is to make use of the gauge/gravity equivalence to further our understanding of particularly interesting matter systems that are intrinsically strongly coupled and for which there are therefore few other calculational tools available. Systems of this type include high energy collisions of heavy ions, systems exhibiting quantum criticality, such as high temperature and heavy fermion superconductors, and quarks confined within hadrons by the strong force. (2) Strongly coupled gravitational systems. The aim here is to make use of the gauge/gravity equivalence to deduce properties of gravitational systems at high curvature, starting from weakly coupled gauge theory. The aim is to study: (a) cosmological singularities and the evolution of the early universe in the big-bang era; {b) quantum properties of black holes. (3) Developing the structure of the gauge/gravity correspondence. The projects outlined above rely on further developing the geometrical structure of string theory. The proposal focuses on two crucial aspects: (a) The exact integrability of string theory in anti de Sitter space and the corresponding Yang-Mills gauge quantum field theory, which leads to powerful exact results. (b) The detailed manner in which string theory extends Einstein&apos;s general theory of relativity at ultrashort distances, which is crucial for realizing non-perturbative symmetries.

Keywords: string theory,heavy ion collisions,quantum criticality,early universe