Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Meeting the healthcare needs of culturally diverse populations: A psycho-sociopolitical approach to cultural competence in health professionals (PSYSPOCUC)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Portugal
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2010-IEF, 2010)
Start date: 2011-07-01
End date: 2013-06-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 203582.6
EU funding (EUR): 203582.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The main aim of this research project is to develop a model of cultural competence in health professionals, specifically based on the Portuguese context, emphasizing the complex interplay between the effects of culture and unequal power on health and healthcare with culturally diverse populations. Assuming that healthcare is often given in the context of asymmetrical power relations between professionals and users, a psycho-sociopolitical approach will be developed as a basis for the analysis and promotion of cultural competence. This approach will emphasize: (1) the underlying dynamics of power in health and healthcare in contexts of cultural and human diversity, and (2) a social-ecological approach to research and action in the field of health and healthcare with culturally diverse populations. Taking a participatory action-research approach, particular attention is paid to health needs assessment, good practices, and the empowerment of culturally diverse populations. A multi-method approach will be used, combining qualitative (focus groups with key informants, case studies based on in-depth interviews) and quantitative research techniques (mainly secondary sources and survey). Recommendations for developing interventions and policies will be put forward with the final aim of furthering the provision of adequate, accessible and quality healthcare to all the population, based on values of social justice, human development and equality. This research project is the central activity of a career development plan that will emphasize: (1) the interdisciplinary link between social psychology, community psychology and sociology; (2) the transfer of knowledge to practice; (3) a participatory community-based multi-method approach; and (4) a European perspective.

Keywords: healthcare,cultural competence,immigration,cultural and human diversity,power,community-based participatory research,needs assessment,empowerment,social sciences,health sciences
Following the Letter trail; mapping and analyzing economic development with historical postal data (MAIL)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2010-IIF, 2010)
Start date: 2011-09-01
End date: 2013-08-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 193849.6
EU funding (EUR): 193849.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This project analyses the impact of organized information exchange on economic structure and growth. Focussing on a long-run, historical setting this is done on the basis of a new, extensive dataset on historical postal services. The first stage is the acquisition, digitalisation and compilation of a new dataset covering the spatial development of postal networks, the level of use by the public as well as financial characteristics. Sources are historical statistical publications as well as archival records of postal services. These new data will be used to answer three central questions. First, what were the determinants that led to the inclusion of towns and regions in the developing postal networks during the 17th,18th and early 19th century and did this inclusion have consequences for the long-term growth path of these locations ? Second, can the concept of market access explain the extent of local postal activity in the late 19th century, and what is the interaction between information flow and the economic geography of regional development ? Third, what goals did governments pursue in their control of the postal services and did these policies have an effect on general welfare and the growth of the economies in question. While the third question has an international perspective, the first two focus on a comparative analysis between Germany, Britain and the US. The project will apply a number of different empirical methods to answer these questions, in each case informed by the application of a particular economic framework. This implies a combination of modern economic models with economic history methods to analyze the central issue of the role and impact of postal services. The results will illustrate how the organized exchange of information influenced long-term growth paths, the spatial distribution of economic activity and the institutional development of public services

Keywords: economic history,economic growth,economic geograpy,economics of information,postal economics
WIreless Networks with Interference Exploitation (WINIE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Greece
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2010-IEF, 2010)
Start date: 2011-06-01
End date: 2015-01-28
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 150520.0
EU funding (EUR): 150520.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

WINIE will deliver a framework that will allow physical layer network coding (PLNC) to become a major enabler for substantially enhancing the capacity of distributed and dynamic wireless networks with multiple communicating stations. The idea of PLNC suggests that stations allow transmissions to intentionally interfere over the wireless medium. The objective of WINIE is to develop numerical tools, algorithms, and protocols for architecting wireless networks that exploit this form of controlled interference in performance-challenged and resource-constrained environments. WINIE will advance the knowledge of fundamentals of PLNC in order to improve the attainable performance limits of networked systems in terms of capacity, throughput, latency, complexity and energy but always by maintaining a realistic and practical viewpoint. Key protocol components of the physical and medium access layers will be developed in line with this mindset. In doing so, novel lightweight techniques will be designed based on information theory, queuing theory, optimization, and linear algebra for transporting maximal amount of data over the network. Emphasis will be placed on advanced cooperation modes with multiple simultaneous sessions in highly volatile environments. A major goal will be to make the proposed algorithms and protocols efficient in dynamically changing environments by preserving low computational complexity, fairness, and low signalling load. Finally, the project will deliver an experimental wireless test-bed on which various algorithms and protocols will be implemented and validated.

Keywords: technological sciences
Compound-dependent dilution and reactive processes in groundwater (DILREACT)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2010-IOF, 2010)
Start date: 2011-10-01
End date: 2014-09-30
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 221920.0
EU funding (EUR): 221920.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The quantitative understanding of contaminant transport is a fundamental requirement for the protection and management of groundwater resources and for the implementation of natural attenuation and/or engineered remediation technologies. Dilution and mixing processes play a pivotal role for solute transport in porous aquifer systems. In fact, the limited extent of mixing usually controls reactive transport and natural attenuation of contaminant plumes. Laboratory and field investigations have demonstrated the presence of narrow bioactive zones at the fringes of organic contaminant plumes, where reaction partners (i.e. different substrates) are brought into contact by mixing processes. Therefore, the correct quantification of mixing is of utmost importance for an accurate description of reactive transport of contaminants in groundwater. The objective of the present DILREACT project is to deepen and improve the current understanding of mixing and mixing-controlled reactions in the subsurface. The proposed approach is based on a tight coupling between high-resolution data at the laboratory and field scales and mathematical modelling including both the development of theoretical concepts and the use of numerical codes to simulate conservative and reactive transport. Characteristics of dilution and mixing processes such as the recently observed compound-dependency in the transverse component (Chiogna et al., 2010) will be investigated in detail. Appropriate measures able to capture these effects as well as the influence of flow focusing on mixing intensity in complex heterogeneous porous media will be proposed and validated against high-resolution experimental observations. Numerical tools accurately describing mixing processes and their coupling with biogeochemical reactions will be developed and tested in a series of remediation scenarios and in an applied reactive transport modelling study at an aquifer contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbons.

Keywords: groundwater,dilution,mixing,dispersion,porous media,reactive transport modelling,biodegradation,geochemistry
Mechanistic modelling of Critical Target Tissue Residues based on substance properties, species characteristics and external effect concentrations (MEMOCTR)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2010-IEF, 2010)
Start date: 2011-10-01
End date: 2013-09-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 169985.6
EU funding (EUR): 169985.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

A key challenge facing environmental risk assessors is the need to assess the risk of thousands of chemicals, for a wide range of species, with increased accuracy and ecological relevance, while using fewer resources and experimental animals. Traditional external toxicity metrics, such as the lethal aqueous concentration (LC50), are not sufficiently sophisticated to accomplish this task, and “new” approaches are emerging. This includes the tissue residue approach (TRA), which is advocated as a powerful tool to aid and improve ecological risk assessment. Claimed advantages include, a.o., a likely reduction in use of experimental animals, an improved ability to address mixture toxicity, and an improved ability to link laboratory measurements of exposure and effects to the field. Nevertheless, the application of the tissue-residue approach remains limited. This is mainly because internal target site concentrations are difficult to measure. Mechanistic models that enable the conversion of existing external effect data to critical target concentrations are therefore urgently needed. At present, such in silico tools are well-established for persistent organic chemicals acting via polar or non-polar narcosis. Reliable mechanistic models are however scarce for other modes of action. Therefore, we propose to develop mechanistic models that can reliably predict critical target residues from external effect concentrations for other chemicals, including reactive organic chemicals and metals.

Keywords: critical target tissue residues - mechanistic model - ionisable organic compounds - metals - acute toxicity - chemical properties - species characteristics
Iron-based superconductivity: Fermi Surface and superconducting gap anisotropy (FESUME)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2010-IEF, 2010)
Start date: 2011-07-01
End date: 2013-06-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 200549.6
EU funding (EUR): 200549.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The purpose of this postdoctoral research project is to investigate the mechanism that leads to the high temperature superconductivity. In particular, this project is focused on performing a comprehensive study of fundamental electronic properties, in both the normal and superconducting states, of the recently discovered iron-pnictide superconductors. These systems have very interesting phase diagrams where the superconducting and magnetic properties dramatically change as a function of doping. The objectives are to understand further the normal state electronic structure, investigate the superconducting gap structure and determine the relationship between them across the phase diagram. To achieve these objectives three experimental techniques will be used providing complementary and consistent information on the same samples. Studies of the normal electronic structure will be performed using de Haas-van Alphen effect whereas the superconducting gap structure will be probed by magnetic penetration depth and angle resolved specific heat measurements. These experiments will be performed at temperatures down to the milikelvin regime and under magnetic fields up to 70T. Most part of the research will be carried out at the University of Bristol in the Correlated Electron Systems Group under the supervision of Professor Antony Carrington although the project involves collaborations with other recognized groups and international high magnetic field facilities such as the LNCMI in Toulouse.

Keywords: physical sciences,electronic,magnetic and superconductive properties,superconductors,iron-based superconductivity,dhva measurements,magnetic penetration deph measurements
Group dynamics and navigation in king penguin chicks (Aptenodytes patagonicus) (PENGUINAV)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2010-IEF, 2010)
Start date: 2011-09-01
End date: 2014-08-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 200049.6
EU funding (EUR): 200049.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

How animals make decisions in groups and coordinate their movements when travelling together has recently emerged as a hotly debated topic in behavioural science. Yet in spite of a strong theoretical framework, empirical studies of group decision-making remain limited. Here, we suggest a new model system, focusing specifically on collective decision-making during group navigation – king penguins. These birds make excellent subjects since they have both a clear tendency to group and a strong motivation to return to a specific location within the colony. We propose a series of field experiments on king penguin chicks to investigate mechanisms of group navigation and to test three central hypotheses: 1) navigational efficiency increases with group size; 2) the presence of experienced individuals affects navigational efficiency of the group; and 3) the size of navigational conflict affects the outcome of decision-making during group navigation. During the experiments, king penguin chicks will be displaced from their crèches and released in groups of different sizes and compositions. Subjects’ movements will be monitored at high spatial and temporal resolution by miniature GPS logging devices attached non-invasively to individual birds. Experimental data will be supplemented by field observations of natural crèche movements. We will use quantitative techniques developed by my host and her collaborators for an extensive and fine-grained comparative analysis of paths, and for exploring the dynamics of decisions made by individuals navigating both solo and in groups. Models of group navigation by king penguins will be developed and their outcome will be compared to the empirical data. In addition, during this project in collaboration with the Engineering Science department at Oxford, we will develop remotely detachable GPS loggers. Our results will provide important validation of the theories and new methodology for the studies of group navigation.

Keywords: behavioural biology,animal ethology,animal ecology,natural sciences,computational biology
Evolution and ecology of Bacillus anthracis: the transition from a soil organism to a mammalian pathogen (FROMBCTOBA)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2010-IEF, 2010)
Start date: 2011-09-01
End date: 2013-08-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 280180.0
EU funding (EUR): 280180.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Despite their importance, little is known about the origins of many emerging human pathogens and the way that invertebrates could shaped their evolution. Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, is closely related to the important insect associated pathogens B. cereus and B. thuringiensis. In B. anthracis, it has been proposed that the horizontal acquisition of the mammalian virulence regulon atxA created a dynamic tension with the insect virulence regulon plcR, which resulted in the functional inactivation of PlcR. The isolate of B. cereus G9241 caused an illness resembling inhalational anthrax and possesses functional versions of atxA and plcR. We hypothesize that this strain represents an early stage isolate recently derived from an insect pathogen in which the competition of the atxA and plcR regulons has yet to resolved. In this proposal we will address the contribution of AtxA and PlcR to gene regulation and virulence in this emerging B. anthracis-like strain. We will develop insect, soil amoeba and mammalian macrophage infection models and use these to compare the B. cereus type strain ATCC14579, B. anthracis Sterne and B. cereus G9241. Furthermore, we will directly address the impact of AtxA upon B. cereus G9241 by means of competition assays with a knockout mutant atxA and monitor reporter gene expression in the mutant and the parent strain in both insect and mammalian tissue culture conditions. Finally, we will conduct micro evolution studies by repeated challenge through the M. sexta host to elucidate the selection pressure acting on the competing AtxA and PlcR regulons in invertebrate infections. A deeper understanding of the molecular biology of B. anthracis virulence could afford novel strategies for future treatments or vaccination against anthrax. Also, the study of B. anthracis with insects and soil amoeba will also provide useful information for the management of anthrax contaminated sites.

Keywords: human pathogen,insect pathogen,bacillus,b. anthracis,b. cereus,virulence regulon,invertebrate infection,micro evolution
Freshwater biodiversity and community composition in a changing climate: from ecosystem manipulation to biogeographical patterns (FRESHCLIM)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Denmark
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2010-IEF, 2010)
Start date: 2011-08-01
End date: 2013-07-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 307970.0
EU funding (EUR): 307970.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The project has three main objectives: i) To assess climate change and nutrient effects on phenology, biodiversity (taxon richness and species derived measures), and community composition of freshwater organisms, ii) To assess the importance of connectivity for species diversity (taxon richness and species derived parameters) and community composition of freshwater organisms under climate change, and iii) Predict the geographic range of individual species as a function of climate and other environmental variables (e.g. land-use and stream flow) including forecast range shifts of organisms due to climate change and identify potential climate change sensitive (species) indicators. The main reason for suggestion this project is that human activities are causing water pollution, habitat loss and/or degradation, overexploitation, flow modifications, and alien species invasions to freshwater ecosystems on all continents and at the same time freshwater ecosystems contain a especially high amount of biodiversity. There are also evidence that climate change effects are already taking place in freshwater ecosystems across Europe. FRESHCLIM therefore aims at combining research questions at the forefront of freshwater- (including both lakes and rivers) as well as terrestrial ecology, investigating responses to climate change as well as other human induced pressures on these ecosystems. It links climate change effects on phenology as well as biodiversity and community composition with the effects of multiple stressors such as eutrophication, hydrology and morphology. FRESHCLIM spans timescales of 10 years to 10.000 years and spatial scales from meters to more than 3.000 km. With the FRESHCLIM project I expect to advance current knowledge of how freshwater ecosystems react to climate change in a multiple stressors environment. An area that are of high priority for the adaptation, mitigation, and restoration of our important freshwater resources.

Keywords: climate change,freshwater,biodiversity,ecosystems,biogeography,ecological indicators,nutrients,predictive models