Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
High precision isotopic measurements of heavy elements in extra-terrestrial materials: origin and age of the solar system volatile element depletion (PRISTINE)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Earth system science
Panel description: Physical geography, geology, geophysics, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, climatology, cryology, ecology, global environmental change, biogeochemical cycles, natural resources management
Countries involved: France
Call: ERC Starting Grant (ERC-2014-STG, 2014)
Start date: 2015-04-01
End date: 2021-09-30
Duration (months): 78.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1487500.0
EU funding (EUR): 1487500.0
Participants: 3
Project status: CLOSED

The objectives of this proposal, PRISTINE (high PRecision ISotopic measurements of heavy elements in extra-Terrestrial materials: origIN and age of the solar system volatile Element depletion), are to develop new cutting edge high precision isotopic measurements to understand the origin of the Earth, Moon and solar system volatile elements and link their relative depletion in the different planets to their formation mechanism. In addition, the understanding of the origin of the volatile elements will have direct consequences for the understanding of the origin of the Earth’s water. To that end, we will approach the problem from two angles: 1) Develop and use novel stable isotope systems for volatile elements (e.g. Zn, Ga, Cu, and Rb) in terrestrial, lunar and meteoritic materials to constrain the origin of solar system’s volatile element depletion 2) Determine the age of the volatile element depletion by using a novel and original approach: calculate the original Rb/Sr ratio of the Solar Nebula by measuring the isotopic composition of the Sun with respect to Sr via the isotopic composition of solar wind implanted in lunar soil grains. The stable isotope composition (goal #1) will give us new constraints on the mechanisms (e.g. evaporation following a giant impact or incomplete condensation) that have shaped the abundances of the volatile elements in terrestrial planets, while the timing (goal #2) will be used to differentiate between nebular events (early) from planetary events (late). These new results will have major implications on our understanding of the origin of the Earth and of the Moon, and they will be used to test the giant impact hypothesis of the Moon and the origin of the Earth’s water.

Keywords: cosmochemistry,meteorites,origin of the earth,the moon
Establishing Blend Repair limit of blisks –from A perspective of Vibration amplificatiOn (BRAVO)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Information Science and Engineering
Countries involved: Italy
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2019, 2019)
Start date: 2021-03-15
End date: 2023-04-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 183473.28
EU funding (EUR): 183473.28
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Efficient sustainment of the extremely expensive blisks in advanced aeroengines requires that damaged blades can be cost-effectively repaired by blending operations with high reliability. However, limited understanding of blending effects on the forced response of blisks challenges the rational determination of blend limits, i.e., the maximum allowable blend size, location and number in a damaged blisk. The underlying fundamental issue is whether or not the blends will exacerbate the intrinsic geometric mistuning such that the blisk is subject to excessive vibration level and fails from high cycle fatigue. The project BRAVO aims to develop a comprehensive vibration evaluation tool for blended blisks and establish the repair philosophy on blend limits. By employing the state-of-the-art 3D optical geometry scanning technology, geometry variances due to both blends and intrinsic blade geometric deviations can be effectively accounted for. Major scientific advances include: Novel deterministic methodologies of forced response analysis for blended blisks relying on the optically based as-measured model. Holistic vibration evaluation of blended blisks by comparing the as-measured-model-based simulations, modal tests, bench test under traveling wave excitation and spinning rig tests. Innovative probabilistic assessment for predictive evaluation of a population of possible blends and further determination of a tailored blend limit for a damaged blisk. A highly interdisciplinary collaboration will benefit both the ER with extensive experience in bladed disk dynamics, and the supervisor possessing top-level research capability in blade vibration testing. With deepened competence in both technical and transferable skills, the ER will reach a high level of professional maturity and scientific independence as a group leader. Results will potentially exert a strong industrial impact for repair contractors, contributing to the competitiveness of European aviation industry.

Keywords: blade integrated disks,blend repair limit,vibration evaluation,forced response amplification
Zooarchaeology of the Nuragic Bronze Age (ZANBA)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Social Sciences and Humanities
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2018, 2018)
Start date: 2020-01-06
End date: 2022-01-05
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 212933.76
EU funding (EUR): 212933.76
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

ZANBA will combine cutting-edge, multi-scalar isotope analyses with morphological analysis of zooarchaeological remains to understand the relationships among developing elite identities, landscape use, and power consolidation in the Nuragic Culture of Bronze Age Sardinia (c. 1700-1100 BCE). Assemblages of archaeofauanas from two sites that represent the full development of the Nuragic Culture will be analysed for evidence of feasting, hunting, collection of tribute, intensification of the animal economy, and other behaviours that are used by incipient elites to promote an elite group identity and consolidate power. Specimens from these archaeofaunas representing raised, managed, and hunted animal species will then be analysed using multiple isotopes for evidence of economic intensification and expanding territorial control. The combined results of both studies will be used to construct a new narrative of internal social development within the Nuragic Culture. Such a multi-disciplinary study is unique in Nuragic Sardinia, where isotope studies have never been applied to archaeofaunas and where morphological studies have often addressed the animal economy of the Nuragic Culture as a undifferentiated whole with few attempts to understand its internal social dynamics during the Culture's 600-year development. The detailed study and reassessment of Nuragic social dynamics provided by ZANBA is necessary and timely as new archaeological discoveries are indicating that the Nuragic Culture played a larger role in European Bronze Age exchange networks than has previously been recognized.

Keywords: zooarchaeology,isotope analysis,feasting,animal economies,social inequalities,elite identities,nuragic culture,sardinia,european bronze age,landscape control,power consolidation
Imagi(ni)ng Democracy: European youth becoming citizens by visual participation (ImagiDem)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Panel description: Political science, international relations, law
Countries involved: Finland,Finland
Call: ERC Starting Grant (ERC-2018-STG, 2018)
Start date: 2019-05-01
End date: 2024-10-31
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1474594.0
EU funding (EUR): 1352007.75
Participants: 2
Project status: SIGNED

The current political and institutional crises render the future of European democracy uncertain. To gain deeper insights into what the current discontent may lead to, and how to address it for the good of an equal and inclusive democracy, we have to study future political actors, today’s young citizens, and examine what are the means of political action prevalent to them. The public sphere of today’s youth is increasingly dominated by visual content, and therefore the visual dimension of political participation is to be a key concern in research thereof. The current youth’s understanding of political action – building arguments, mobilizing, and participating – is likely to become firmly anchored in repertoires of visual participation. ImagiDem will explore, analyze, and conceptualize visual participation of young European citizens in order to formulate a model of democratic practices in the 2020s. ImagiDem addresses visual political participation and democratic practices among young citizens in the European context using a radical triple-strategy: it combines visual ethnography with computational big data minining and analysis, and deploys this combination to a comparative research setting. The project design includes four countries of comparison – Finland, France, Germany, and Portugal – with both an ethnographic and a computational subproject realized in each of them. Both methodological approaches – comparative online ethnography, and computational, machine learning based analysis of large sets of social media image data – are risky and hitherto scarcely explored. The theoretical challenge ImagiDem takes is to develop pragmatist theorizing of visual justification and engagements on the one hand, and visual cultural toolkits and frames, on the other. With this methodologico-theoretical toolkit, ImagiDem provides overarching analysis of the future of European democracy.

Keywords: participation,ethnography,big data,visual sociology,pragmatism
Reconsidering European Contributions to Global Justice (GLOBUS)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Societal Challenges
Programme: Europe in a changing world - inclusive, innovative and reflective societies
Action type: Research and Innovation actions
Countries involved: Germany,Ireland,Italy,India,South Africa,China,Norway,Brazil
Call: Europe's contribution to a value-based global order and its contestants (H2020-INT-SOCIETY-2015, 2015)
Start date: 2016-06-01
End date: 2020-05-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2498996.25
EU funding (EUR): 2498996.25
Participants: 8
Project status: CLOSED

GLOBUS critically assesses the EU’s impact on justice in a global system characterised by uncertainty, risk and ambiguity. GLOBUS defines a new research agenda for the study of the EU’s global role. This agenda directs attention to underlying political and structural challenges to global justice that are prior to the distributive problem, as well as to the fact that what is just is contested both by theorists and policy makers. GLOBUS provides in depth knowledge of how the EU proceeds to promote justice within the specific fields of climate change, trade, development, asylum/migration and security while also speaking to the key horizontal issues of gender and human rights within each of these fields. Rather than focusing on a single dimension GLOBUS develops three different conceptions of justice. This nuanced conceptual scheme allows GLOBUS to address the multifaceted challenge of justice, and to specify the EU’s real impact. GLOBUS takes heed of the reality of “the foreign will” through intense engagement with partners outside Europe. This provides a ‘reality check’ of the limits and potential for the EU’s future place in a multi-polar order. The three conceptions of justice as non-dominance, as impartiality and as mutual recognition all have limitations as they prioritise some challenges to global justice over others. These limitations are important in order to empirically discern inhibiting factors for global political justice– such as power, unequal competences and the prevailing ‘system of states’ – as well as in order to specify how the EU contributes to justice. In order to develop a feasible model of justice promotion, we return to theory when data is collected and revise and amend the analytical model. We further factor in the viewpoints and experience of practitioners and stakeholders, GLOBUS provides policy-relevant recommendations that take into consideration ideal requirements while at the same time not losing sight of the realities of power.

Keywords: european union,international relations,global justice,common foreign and security policy cfsp,values,globalisation,dominance,foreign policy
Philosophical Foundations of Topological Explanations (TOPEX)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Social Sciences and Humanities
Countries involved: France
Call: Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships (IF-EF) (H2020-MSCA-IF-2015, 2015)
Start date: 2016-06-01
End date: 2018-05-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 185076.0
EU funding (EUR): 185076.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This project develops a philosophical account of a new kind of explanations that recently became prominent in neuroscience. On this approach, systems such as brain are represented as networks of their elements and their interactions. The explanation is then given in terms of features of connectedness (that is why it is called topological) of a network representing a system. The aim of this project is to develop a comprehensive account of topological explanations and to systematically introduce it to the mainstream debates in philosophy of mind and philosophy of neuroscience. Doing so, will allow us to come in a position to solve a set of some of the most vexing problems in these two major areas of philosophy, such as transparency of explanations in philosophy of mind and universality of explanations in philosophy of neuroscience. The novelty, originality and timeliness of my project is that it provides a new and compelling way of looking at how a major set of problems in philosophy of mind and philosophy of neuroscience is both formulated and addressed in the light of the new way of doing science. This will be accomplished by developing a systematic framework for understanding how target systems and phenomena are represented in topological explanations (models), what are the constraints on what is represented (explanatory limits), and by showing how exactly topological explanations provide better basis for the transparency and universality of explanations.

Keywords: scientific explanation,topological explanation,scientific modeling,semantic explanation,mechanisms,philosophy of neuroscience
Delivering an Effective, Resilient and Sustainable EU-China Food Safety Partnership (EU-China-Safe)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Societal Challenges
Programme: Food security, sustainable agriculture and forestry, marine and maritime and inland water research and the bioeconomy
Theme: Sustainable agriculture and forestry
Action type: Research and Innovation actions
Countries involved: Ireland,Ireland,Austria,Germany,Spain,China,Switzerland,Norway,Belgium,France,Czechia,Netherlands,United Kingdom,United Kingdom,United Kingdom
Call: Increase overall transparency of processed agri-food products (H2020-SFS-2016-2, 2016)
Start date: 2017-09-01
End date: 2022-02-28
Duration (months): 54.0
Total project cost (EUR): 11369237.5
EU funding (EUR): 4997625.0
Participants: 34
Project status: CLOSED

EU-China-Safe will mobilise resources in Europe and China to develop a cohesive partnership that will deliver a shared vision for food safety and authenticity and work towards “mutual recognition”. Comprising 15 participants from the EU and 18 from China, EU-China-Safe contains key research organisations, Government and industry needed to develop and jointly implement major advances in improving food safety and combating food fraud in the two trading blocks. EU-China-Safe will build the core components needed for a joint EU-China food safety control system comprising: control management, food legislation, food inspection, food control laboratories, and food safety and quality information, education and communication. The project will develop an EU-China Joint Laboratory Network that will achieve and demonstrate equivalency of results, and will develop a state of the art virtual laboratory, with interchangeable staff from two continents, that will be used as a “showcase” to communicate and demonstrate best practice. Innovative traceability tools will strengthen the most vulnerable supply chains. New or improved detection capabilities for chemical/microbiological hazards and food fraud will be implemented in a harmonised way across the EU-China network. Trade barriers caused by food safety and fraud issues will be analysed and recommendations of how to predict and prevent future events disseminated. The project will focus on the most commonly reported foods linked to chemical and microbiological contamination and fraud (infant formula, processed meat, fruits, vegetables, wine, honey, spices). Substantial knowledge transfer and training actions will build high-level and long-term collaboration, synergies and trust between a wide range of EU and China actors. These advances, in addition to a wider range of confidence building measures towards food safety, authenticity and transparency, will address consumer expectations and facilitate an expansion of EU- China trade.

Keywords: transparency,authenticity,food fraud,consumer confidence,trade barriers,joint reference laboratory,training,knowledge transfer,food data management,chemical and microbiological contamination
Discovery and molecular investigation of mycobacterial transporters responsible for iron acquisition (MycoRailway)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Consolidator grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions
Panel description: Molecular biology, biochemistry, structural biology, molecular biophysics, synthetic and chemical biology, drug design, innovative methods and modelling
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call: ERC Consolidator Grant (ERC-2017-COG, 2017)
Start date: 2018-04-01
End date: 2024-03-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1999865.0
EU funding (EUR): 1999865.0
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

To infect humans, the devastating pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis critically depends on two closely related siderophores – soluble carboxymycobactin and membrane-bound mycobactin – which capture iron with high affinity inside the host cell. Despite their undisputed importance for virulence, little is known about how these siderophores are exported and imported across the two mycobacterial membranes. Building on my lab’s experience in elucidating transport processes of pathogenic bacteria, we will unravel the molecular mechanism of an unusual ABC exporter which is thought to import iron-loaded siderophores across the inner mycobacterial membrane and to release iron in the cytoplasm by virtue of its attached siderophore interacting domain. Further, we will investigate two proton-driven transporters responsible for the efflux of empty siderophores, exhibiting an unknown protein fold. We will determine atomic structures by combining X-ray crystallography and cryo-EM and thoroughly investigate active in- and efflux of siderophores in liposomes as well as in cells. Siderophore transport across the outer mycobacterial membrane is a terra incognita. By combining high-density transposon mutagenesis with deep sequencing (Tn-Seq), we aim to discover novel receptors, carriers and channels involved in siderophore transport, which are subsequently characterized at the biochemical and structural level. Siderophore-mediated iron acquisition offers a vulnerable attacking point of M. tuberculosis. Using protein engineering, we will develop a human siderocalin exhibiting low affinity binding for carboxymycobactin into a therapeutic agent able to efficiently capture mycobacterial siderophores and thereby starve M. tuberculosis for iron. In summary, we will discover novel proteins involved in iron acquisition, gain mechanistic insights into poorly understood siderophore transport processes at the molecular level and explore novel strategies to treat tuberculosis.

Keywords: abc transporter,rnd transporter,membrane protein,iron acquisition,mycobacterium,transposon mutagenesis,deep sequencing,protein engineering
Effects of co-infections on the emergence of an avian disease Mycoplasma gallisepticum (ECODIS)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Global Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Life Sciences
Countries involved: Belgium,United States
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2017, 2017)
Start date: 2018-06-16
End date: 2022-04-30
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 240530.4
EU funding (EUR): 240530.4
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

The investigation of processes that trigger cross-species transmission (‘spillover’) is central to disease ecology and epidemiology. Many infectious diseases in humans and domestic animals have emerged from successful jumps from wildlife hosts. The interactions of coinfecting pathogens within the same host are considered to be important in these spillover processes. However, despite the relevance of coinfections, little is known about the copathogen dynamics in the wild. There is a need for general concepts and theories. “Ecodis” proposes to fill this gap by determining a conceptual framework for effects of copathogens on disease transmission in one of the world’s best studied parasite-songbird systems: the directly-transmitted Mycoplasma gallisepticum bacteria in House Finches. Using methods from disease ecology and human epidemiology, I (Dr. Heylen; the applying experienced researcher) combine experimental and field surveillance data to create models on cross-host infection risks. These innovative models will improve our understanding of the roles of coinfections in mediating pathogen establishment and persistence in novel host species and previously unexposed populations. I will be guided by high-profile scientists, Hens (Hasselt University) and Dobson (Princeton University), and benefit from their extensive networks to develop a set of crucial skills that boost my research profile and expertise in constructing/applying mathematical and theoretical models in disease ecology. Following the ‘One Health’ vision, this multidisciplinary and highly translational project will allow me to develop an international career as disease ecologist, and - in the long-term - to contribute to biodiversity and risk management programs in Europe and beyond.

Keywords: disease modelling,disease ecology,infectious disease,evolutionary ecology