Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Ontogenetic and Phylogenetic Roots of Strategic Help-seeking (HelpSeeking)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Global Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Social Sciences and Humanities
Countries involved: Germany,United States
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2018, 2018)
Start date: 2020-09-01
End date: 2024-04-30
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 246669.12
EU funding (EUR): 246669.12
Participants: 2
Project status: SIGNED

Human altruistic helping has deep evolutionary and developmental roots: Both human children and our closest non-human relatives - chimpanzees - often pay a cost to benefit another individual. Previous research on helping has nearly exclusively focused on the helper, i.e. the individual providing the help. However, helping also involves someone who is being helped. A helpee is not just a passive recipient of help, but someone who can actively and flexibly increase the chances of being helped, for example by being strategic in whom to ask for help. When determining who is willing to help, two questions are of particular relevance: (a) How costly is it for the potential helper to help? (b) What is my relationship with the potential helper? Considering the costs of and one’s relationship to potential helpers is crucial when soliciting help. Although it can significantly improve an individual's fitness, it has never been studied systematically when it evolved in our evolution and how it develops over ontogeny. Thus, unraveling the phylogenetic and ontogenetic roots of human’s strategic help-seeking is the objective of the proposed project. Therefore, I would like to conduct two interdisciplinary projects with human children and chimpanzees. In Project 1, I will investigate whether considering the costs of potential helpers for providing help influences the decision whom to ask for help, with costs operationalised either as physical effort (Study 1) or material sacrifice (Study 2). In Project 2, I will study the effects of social relations to the potential helpers on the help-seeking desision, considering in particular friendship (Study 3) and dominance (Study 4). Using an innovative approach – combining observations of naturally occurring behaviors and carefully controlled experiments – this project will be the first to provide insight into the evolutionary and developmental roots of strategic help-seeking.

Keywords: comparative psychology,cross species comparisons,developmental psychology,help seeking,costs,friendship,dominance,chimpanzees,children
Preparation of Subduction Earthquakes: Slow, Deep, Large-scale trigger (DEEP-trigger)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Consolidator grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Earth system science
Panel description: Physical geography, geology, geophysics, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, climatology, cryology, ecology, global environmental change, biogeochemical cycles, natural resources management
Countries involved: France,France,France,France
Call: ERC Consolidator Grant (ERC-2019-COG, 2019)
Start date: 2020-09-01
End date: 2026-08-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1998920.0
EU funding (EUR): 1998920.0
Participants: 5
Project status: SIGNED

Subduction zones host the world’s largest earthquakes and tsunamis. Understanding how such earthquakes initiate and interact is a first-order challenge in earth sciences. A puzzling and unexplained observation is that megathrust earthquakes seem to be clustering at the scale of the plate boundary. This suggests that the subducting slab plays an important role, albeit downplayed, in the triggering of megathrust earthquakes. I propose to study subduction zones recently affected by megathrust events or earthquakes sequences, with an enlarged perspective, considering the mechanisms of deformation in the larger subduction system, including the slab, and their potential role in pushing the megathrust to failure: - At the scale of the seismic asperity, how aseismic slip can trigger earthquakes and how this triggering depends on depth, duration, migration, periodicity, and amplitude will be examined, notably by integrating new observations of small, short or long-lived slow slip events. - At the scale of the subduction zone, how distant changes transfer into large-scale deformation, potentially initiate slow slip and eventual rupture on the plate interface will be analyzed. The role of metamorphic fluids in the softening of the mantle surrounding the slab, which may contribute to distant triggering of earthquakes, and recently observed deep-shallow interactions will be explored. Multi-scale observations of deformation and seismicity will be extracted from the great amount of geophysical data available in South America, Japan and Sumatra, complemented by in-situ GPS monitoring at a promising area in south Peru. Machine Learning will serve to systematize these complementary observables, to characterize how their empirical relationships evolve with time and space, and to isolate the key processes hidden in these large datasets. Physical mechanisms driving the plate interface destabilization will be explored through mechanical and fluid modeling, and tested against the data.

Keywords: subduction,earthquakes,slow slip events,geodesy,seismology,machine learning,fluids,plate tectonics
Origin and Protection of Unstable Repetitive DNA Elements During Sexual Reproduction (URDNA)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions
Panel description: Molecular biology, biochemistry, structural biology, molecular biophysics, synthetic and chemical biology, drug design, innovative methods and modelling
Countries involved: Germany
Call: ERC Starting Grant (ERC-2014-STG, 2014)
Start date: 2015-05-01
End date: 2020-09-30
Duration (months): 65.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1500000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1500000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The objective of this proposal is to define the molecular basis behind the origin and protection of unstable repetitive DNA sequences during sexual reproduction. Eukaryotic genomes contain large amounts of repetitive elements that serve vital roles in cellular physiology. However, repetitive elements are intrinsically unstable, which is caused by a high likelihood for incorrect repair when DNA breaks form within repetitive elements. During sexual reproduction, numerous DNA breaks are actively introduced into the genome, and repetitive sequences particularly threaten genome stability during this specialized developmental program. We will use the repetitive budding yeast ribosomal (r)DNA array as a model locus to study repetitive DNA instability. Our previous work showed that the outermost elements of this large repetitive array (i.e. rDNA array boundaries) are DNA break ‘fragile sites’, which attract DNA breaks during sexual reproduction. Importantly, we isolated the first known enzymatic ‘anti-DNA break’ system, which minimizes DNA break formation at rDNA array boundaries and as such is crucially required to maintain genome stability. In the experiments outlined here, we will use a combination of genomics, molecular biology and biochemistry to: 1) Interrogate the origins of the vulnerability of the repetitive rDNA boundaries for DNA breaks, and 2) Define how a first-in-class ‘anti-DNA break’ system locally protects against DNA break formation. These studies will serve as a paradigm for repetitive DNA instability, yielding major insights into the general principles that govern protection of vulnerable genomic elements during sexual reproduction. It is well established that incorrect repair of DNA breaks involving repetitive sequences during sexual reproduction causes a myriad of human congenital disorders. Therefore, we foresee that insights gained from this work have the potential to help us understand the aetiology of human genetic disease.

Keywords: meiosis,genome stability,dna double strand breaks,recombination,aaa atpase,sexual reproduction,repetitive dna,cell division,evolution
European Network for Pilot Production Facilities and Innovation Hubs (EPPN)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Industrial Leadership
Programme: Nanotechnologies, Advanced Materials, Advanced Manufacturing and Processing, and Biotechnology
Theme: Nanotechnologies
Action type: Coordination and support actions
Countries involved: Spain,Spain,Italy,Belgium,Sweden,United Kingdom,Portugal
Call: Support for the enhancement of the impact of PILOT projects (H2020-NMBP-CSA-2017, 2017)
Start date: 2017-06-01
End date: 2020-05-31
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 976812.63
EU funding (EUR): 976812.63
Participants: 10
Project status: CLOSED

The 2014/15 calls for proposals for pilot action projects resulted in 24 projects with total funding of 115 M€, and another 80 M€ are being invested under the 2016/17 work-programme. These pilot facilities respond rapidly and with simple contracting mechanisms to industry needs which is essential for SMEs and start-ups. Pilot facilities can potentially help create new business, jobs and growth across Europe. This potential can only be fully exploited if the actions started by the European Commission under H2020 are followed-up by complementary initiatives at national/regional level, to promote coordination mechanisms among these pilot facilities. One of the recommendations developed by a task-force composed by a group external experts (mandated by the European Commission) are the implementation of regional innovation hubs that should coordinate efforts, share good practices, facilitate access and promote business development of existing pilot lines across regions and member states. The overall project goal of the coordinated and support action proposal is to boost the European competitiveness through the exploitation of the existing European pilot line production facilities (across Europe) in the area of nanotechnology and advanced material technologies by creating a network of fully connected and collaborating pilot lines and boost the effectiveness and the efficiency of existing (and future) pilot line facilities and by creating a digital ecosystem acting as an interactive marketplace for professional members. The action will ensure the delivery of a series of horizontal coordination and support action services to the (European level) network of pilot line facilities and will set the scene for the establishment of innovation hubs across the Member States and/or regions.

Keywords: european pilot production network,eppn,pilot lines,prototyping production facilities,pilot plants,nanotechnology,advanced materials,innovation hubs,digital networking platform
Supplying ancient empires and medieval economies: Changes in animal husbandry between the Late Roman period and the Early Middle Ages in the Rhine Valley (ZooRoMed)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Social Sciences and Humanities
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2017, 2017)
Start date: 2018-09-15
End date: 2021-08-07
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 175419.6
EU funding (EUR): 175419.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This project will investigate changes in animal husbandry between the Late Roman period and the Early Middle Ages, by comparing two different regions of the Rhine Valley: Basel Region (Switzerland) and North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany). The two geographical areas chosen for the project were frontier regions of the Roman Empire and were later located at the core of the Carolingian Empire. Research in different European regions during this period suggests that changes in the orientation and scale of husbandry practices reflect different socio-political conditions and economic strategies. Roman husbandry practices are known to have impacted considerably on the way domestic animals were raised in the various provinces of the Empire, in relation to a high degree of specialization of economic activities. The decline of the Roman political and economic structures and the development of feudal socio-economic structures had important consequences in animal husbandry practices, mainly in relation to the end of market-oriented production, and they include a self-subsistence economy, limited livestock mobility, no genetic improvement of livestock, and changes in management practices. The project will look for the reasons, timings and regional variations in the response (resilience or adaptation) of animal husbandry practices to the socio-political changes, including the progressive diversification of the production, the decrease of livestock size, the generalization of extensive or free range feeding regimes, and the limited mobility of livestock. For this, the project will undertake a thorough investigation of livestock body size and shape; integrate the zooarchaeological data with stable isotope analysis to investigate changes in the ways livestock was managed; and strive to understand the chronological and regional variability of the consequences of the collapse of the Roman Empire and of the gradual process that led to the birth of medieval economies.

Keywords: zooarchaeology,stable isotopes,biometry,late roman,early middle ages,switzerland,germany
Dissecting active matter: Microscopic origins of macroscopic actomyosin activity (MicMactin)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Condensed matter physics
Panel description: Structure, electronic properties, fluids, nanosciences, biological physics
Countries involved: France
Call: ERC Starting Grant (ERC-2015-STG, 2015)
Start date: 2016-06-01
End date: 2022-05-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1491868.0
EU funding (EUR): 1491868.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Biological motion and forces originate from mechanically active proteins operating at the nanometer scale. These individual active elements interact through the surrounding cellular medium, collectively generating structures spanning tens of micrometers whose mechanical properties are perfectly tuned to their fundamentally out-of-equilibrium biological function. While both individual proteins and the resulting cellular behaviors are well characterized, understanding the relationship between these two scales remains a major challenge in both physics and cell biology. We will bridge this gap through multiscale models of the emergence of active material properties in the experimentally well-characterized actin cytoskeleton. We will thus investigate unexplored, strongly interacting nonequilibrium regimes. We will develop a complete framework for cytoskeletal activity by separately studying all three fundamental processes driving it out of equilibrium: actin filament assembly and disassembly, force exertion by branched actin networks, and the action of molecular motors. We will then recombine these approaches into a unified understanding of complex cell motility processes. To tackle the cytoskeleton's disordered geometry and many-body interactions, we will design new nonequilibrium self consistent methods in statistical mechanics and elasticity theory. Our findings will be validated through simulations and close experimental collaborations. Our work will break new ground in both biology and physics. In the context of biology, it will establish a new framework to understand how the cell controls its achitecture and mechanics through biochemical regulation. On the physics side, it will set up new paradigms for the emergence of original out-of-equilibrium collective behaviors in an experimentally well-characterized system, addressing the foundations of existing macroscopic "active matter" approaches.

Keywords: theory,active matter,cytoskeleton,actin
Privacy and Usability (Privacy.Us)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Innovative Training Networks (ITN)-European Training Networks
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Information Science and Engineering
Countries involved: Austria,Germany,Germany,Israel,Austria,Germany,Austria,Germany,Sweden,Sweden,United Kingdom,United Kingdom
Call: Marie Skłodowska-Curie Innovative Training Networks (ITN-ETN) (H2020-MSCA-ITN-2015, 2015)
Start date: 2015-12-01
End date: 2020-09-30
Duration (months): 58.0
Total project cost (EUR): 3376517.4
EU funding (EUR): 3376517.4
Participants: 15
Project status: CLOSED

With the rapid accumulation and processing of personal data by numerous organizations, it is of paramount importance to protect people from adverse uses of their data, while allowing them to enjoy the benefits the use of these data can possibly provide. This is the question of protecting citizens’ privacy, while enabling them to make informed decisions regarding their actions with privacy implications. The PRIVACY.US innovative training network will train thirteen creative, entrepreneurial and innovative early stage researchers (ESRs) to be able to reason, design and develop innovative solutions to questions related to the protection of citizens’ privacy, considering the multidisciplinary and intersectoral aspects of the issue. ESRs will be trained to face both current and future challenges in the area of privacy and usability. PRIVACY.US offers a combination of research-related and transferable competence skills that will enhance the career perspectives of the ESRs in both the academic and non-academic sectors. The consortium consists of five universities and five non-academic organizations. This deliberate and balanced construction will ensure that the project outcomes and impacts are maximal with respect to the call criteria and the EU policy areas regarding data security and privacy. The market potential for the generated knowledge is also a key element of this proposal. The consortium industrial partners are three SMEs, one large enterprise, and a data-protection authority. The ESRs will receive comprehensive training and engage in intersectoral collaboration. Through this collaborative effort, the project will make a significant contribution and impact to the ESRs future careers. It will also contribute to shaping future privacy policies and practices in Europe and will significantly advance the state of the art in privacy and usability research.

Keywords: privacy,usability,human computer interaction
Clinical validation of the DiviTum assay in two high profile clinical studies in Europe (BIOVALID)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Societal Challenges
Programme: Health, demographic change and wellbeing
Theme: Treating and managing disease
Action type: SME instrument
Countries involved: Sweden
Call: Clinical research for the validation of biomarkers and/or diagnostic medical devices (H2020-SMEINST-2-2015, 2015)
Start date: 2015-09-01
End date: 2021-11-30
Duration (months): 75.0
Total project cost (EUR): 682506.25
EU funding (EUR): 682506.25
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The traditionally practiced approach to cancer therapy and development of new cancer drugs is to treat a large pool of patients as potential responders. This results in patients not receiving the optimal treatment; payers paying for treatments that do not benefit patients; drug developers facing higher risk of regulatory failure due to not being able to use better tools for selection of patients in the clinical development program; and clinicians lacking predictive and monitoring tools to administer optimal treatment of patients. Our company has developed a state-of-the-art assay kit - DiviTum™, for the serum-based detection of Thymidine Kinase (TK) activity – a key enzyme involved in cell proliferation. There is compelling scientific rationale to use TK as a biomarker for drugs that disrupt cell cycle regulation, such as Cyclin Dependent Kinase (CDK) inhibitors. As part of the previously conducted SME Instrument Phase 1 feasibility study, our company has identified the clinical study & research market segment, comprised of pharma companies that develop CDK inhibitors, as a current target for the commercialization of DiviTum™. Our company has successfully negotiated to be part of two high-profile clinical studies involving a novel CDK inhibitor with leading oncology institutes in Europe. A clinically validated DiviTum™ has the potential to become the gold standard predictive and efficacy biomarker for cell cycle regulating drugs in selected advanced, solid tumors. This will benefit patients through improved utilization of current and novel treatments; payers by saving costs on ineffective treatments; clinicians by providing a critical clinical decision tool; and drug developers by improving clinical trial success rates through optimized cohort selection, shorter time to market and decreased risk of regulatory failure.

Keywords: cdk inhibitor,cell cycle regulating drug,breast cancer,clinical studies,predictive and monitoring biomarker,cell proliferation rate
3D X-ray Light-Field: low-dose X-ray imaging with X-ray wavefront sensors (3DX-LIGHT)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Future and Emerging Technologies (FET)
Theme: EIC Pathfinder
Destination: Novel ideas for radically new technologies
Action type: Coordination and support actions
Countries involved: France
Call: FET Innovation Launchpad (H2020-FETOPEN-2018-2019-2020-03, 2018)
Start date: 2019-09-01
End date: 2021-06-30
Duration (months): 22.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This proposal presents the concept of X-ray Light-Field camera, an optical system based on X-ray wavefront sensor with a specific algorithm that allows getting a 3D image from a single acquisition. The main advantages of this camera are the very important decrease in the X-ray dose sent to the sample /patient and the fast acquisition time allowing us to do real time imaging. Two prototypes, working at two different energy range,s will be ready at the end of the FET-Open VOXEL project. One is working at ~0.4 keV and aims at performing biological cell imaging while the second one, at ~17keV, is focused on the small animal imaging. These prototypes target different markets and therefore different communities. We will also explore the commercial opportunities of medical imaging with X-ray wavefront sensor-based optical systems with the energy around 25-30 keV. The goal of this project is to transform the two X-ray Light Field camera laboratory prototypes into pre-commercial products. The first step is to clarify for each prototype, the markets, the concurrent techniques, the risks (existing patents and regulation) and the specific needs required by the potential end-users. Depending on the research results, some changes might be applied to the prototypes and will be tested during collaboration with potential clients. Then, the results will be widely disseminated using classical channels, such as Imagine Optic’s website, scientific publications and conferences but also more modern channels like tutorial videos and social network announcements. Nowadays, X-ray imaging with wavefront sensors is foreseen to become an important activity at Imagine Optic. It is thus of prime importance to consider the best internal organization to fully reach the potential market. This project will be performed by Imagine Optic, a SME that has a large expertise in launching innovations related to wavefront sensors to the market.

Keywords: x rays,plenoptic,3d imaging,wavefront sensor