Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Catania and Valencia’s way to modernity. A multidisciplinary comparison between two port cities within Mediterranean Europe (1850-1915) (CTA-VLC COMPARISON)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2014-01-01
End date: 2015-12-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 194046.6
EU funding (EUR): 194046.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This project compares the two cities of Catania and Valencia in order to theorise a new growth model related to industrialisation and maritime traffics between the 19th and 20th centuries. The comparison between similar urban entities represents a fundamental approach in urban historiography. The similarities are many. Both cities expand their port infrastructures and enjoy the transition to industrialisation since the second half of the XIX century. They are direct competitors in the orange export trade on a global scale. Valuating the strengths and the weaknesses of Catania and Valencia economies will permit to better understand the Southern European development model. Particular emphasis will be given to the capacity of the two economies of reacting to cyclical crises. Methodologically, EHESS enjoys a consolidated scientific tradition in studying the Euro-Mediterranean space. Besides multidisciplinary approach, transnational history is a privileged methodological path at EHESS. The proposal is based on the attendance of the EHESS seminars. The present research project will therefore leverage a particularly favorable framework based on continuous interaction between scientific updates, analysis of archive sources and bibliography, and frequent meetings with the scientist in charge. Mobility and multidisciplinary learning expertise are structural preconditions to the purpose of this proposal. At the same time, training at EHESS will increase the candidate’s scientific background in a decisive way for his future career. The implementation of the fellowship is ensured. EHESS has facilities, administrative structures and consolidated tradition in hosting Marie Curie fellows. Further developments of this project may consolidate scholarship networks about the Mediterranean and Worldwide port cities. The results of the proposal will be useful to better understand economic crises in Italy and Spain and to create a Euro-Mediterranean research domain about port cities.

Keywords: urban history,contemporary history (xix-xx centuries),port cities,industrialisation,multidisciplinary comparison,catania-valencia,mediterranean-european growth model,trade networks
Molecular mechanisms monitoring sex determination in Arabidopsis thaliana (GENDER)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-04-01
End date: 2015-03-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 202405.8
EU funding (EUR): 202405.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

In higher plants, sex determination is usually controlled by the genotype and they can be modified by various environmental factors and/or by hormones present in the plant. The mechanism by which this process is controlled in plants is still poorly understood. In melon, sex determination is governed by the identity of two genes, andromonoecious (a) and gynoecious (g). The gene a encodes for an ethylene biosynthesis enzyme, CmACS-7, that repress stamen development in female flowers. The g gene encodes for a transcription factor, CmWIP1. CmWIP1 represses indirectly CmACS-7 expression to allow stamen development. The model suggests that the two genes interact to control the development of male, female and hermaphrodite flowers. CmWIP1 gene encodes for a nuclear protein that is conserved throughout the plant kingdom and defines a new subfamily of plant zinc finger proteins. In Arabidopsis thaliana genome 6 WIPs have been identified. However, none of the WIP proteins has been functionally characterised. The goal of this proposal is to study the expression and regulation of WIP proteins in A. thaliana. We will use as a starting point the information obtained from the sequence analysis of CmWIP1 in melon to understand if the function of this protein is conserved between melon and A. thaliana. Preliminary experiments shown that ectopic expression of the CmWIP1 gene can determine the sex of A. thaliana plants. Using a combination of genetic and genomic approaches, more easily implemented in the model plant A. thaliana, we will study the involvement of WIP proteins in plant sex determinism and development. The finding and the concepts that will be gathered on the A. thaliana model system will be transferred to melon at later stage of the project. Understanding how different sexual systems in plants have evolved, we can then begin to understand how sex in general evolves.

Keywords: biological sciences,developmental biology,genetics,plant sciences,sex determination,flower development,arabidopsis thaliana,wip proteins
Unravelling the function of integrins in the unicellular relatives of Metazoa (UNICELLINTEGRIN)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-05-16
End date: 2015-05-15
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 230036.6
EU funding (EUR): 230036.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The integrins are a superfamily of the major cell adhesion receptors that bind primarily to extracellular matrix ligands, typically short peptide motifs such as arginine-glycine-aspartate – RGD, but can also bind to cell-surface ligands and soluble ligands. Integrin heterodimers bind and interact with several other proteins forming the integrin-mediated adhesion and two-way signalling complex. This complex consists of alpha-actinin and talin which bind to the cytoplasmic C-terminal tail of the integrin and paxillin and vinculin which bind to talin and alphaactinin. Moreover, the IPP complex composed of ILK, PINCH (particularly interesting Cys-His-rich protein) and parvin acts as a connection between integrins and the actin cytoskeleton. Until very recently integrin-mediated adhesion and signalling machinery was thought to be specific to Metazoa (animals) as they had not been identified in any other group and as their mmost important function – binding to the proteins of the extracellular matrix – is only possible in the metazoans. Recently, integrins and other components of the integrin-mediated adhesion and signalling machinery have been identified in unicellular organisms; such as in the filasterean Capsaspora owczarzaki, a close relative of metazoans and choanoflagellates. However, nothing is known about the function of integrins in the unicellular context. The aim of this project is to investigate the function of integrins and other components of the integrin-mediated adhesion and signalling machinery in the unicellular metazoan relatives. The results will enable us to understand 1) the ancestral function of integrins and 2) how the functions changed during the transition to multicellular metazoans. These findings will significantly improve the general understanding of the mechanisms and principles of functional adaptations, diversifications and co-options of genes through evolution.

Keywords: integrins,transition to multicellularity,capsaspora owczarzaki,creolimax fragrantissima,opisthokonts,metazoans,cell adhesion
Plasticity at the tripartite synapse: an in vivo study of astrocyte-synapse interactions in the mammalian cortex. (PLASTICASTROS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Belgium
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-07-01
End date: 2015-06-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 235000.0
EU funding (EUR): 235000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The appropriate functioning of the brain requires co-operation between its cellular constituents – neurons and glial cells. While neurons have been widely studied thanks to their electrical excitability, the glial component has been neglected for years. However, recent research has brought surprising results indicating that astrocytes (a type of glia) can actively regulate the structural and physiological properties of synapses. Unfortunately, most of the data regarding astrocyte function originates from ex vivo studies, because the complexity of the nervous system meant it was impossible to study astrocyte function in vivo with the limited technologies available at the time. It is recent advances in imaging, together with the introduction of novel, genetically modified animals, which now allow us to investigate astrocyte-synapse interactions in situ. In this multidisciplinary project, I will combine state-of-the-art genetic, biochemical and imaging techniques to study the role of astrocytes in mediating dendritic spine plasticity. First, I will develop a method that allows the flexible generation of genetically modified mice showing astrocyte-specific gene targeting. Second, using these mice I will analyze the dynamic relationship between astrocytic processes and dendritic spines in the mouse cortex in vivo, using 2-photon microscopy and a thinned-skull window. In parallel, I will perform an in vitro screen for astrocytic proteins involved in mediating physical contact with the synapse, by using unique subcellular fractionation techniques combined with mass-spectrometry. Finally, identified proteins will be knocked down with silencing RNA to study their role in astrocyte-synapse interactions in situ. This project will generate fundamental knowledge on how astrocytes influence the structure of neuronal networks in vivo. Such knowledge is essential if we are ever to successfully treat neurological conditions, such as schizophrenia, mental retardation and stroke.

Keywords: l510 neuroimaging and computational neuroscience,l301 morphology and functional imaging of cells,l502 molecular and cellular neuroscience
Trifluoromethylation under Photoredox Catalysis (TRIFLU)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IIF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-09-27
End date: 2015-09-26
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 231283.2
EU funding (EUR): 231283.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Fluorine chemistry is critically important to advance a range of fields inclusive of medicinal chemistry, agrochemical chemistry as well as material science. In this context, there is a demand for new methods for the late stage selective trifluoromethylation of substrates that are not activated by the prototypical carbonyl group functionality. Such substrates require new catalytic manifolds to enhance reactivity and allow control over selectivity (regioselectivity, diastereoselectivity, chirality transfer, enantioselectivity). We propose to apply the concept of photoredox catalysis (visible light activation of transition metal complexes) for the trifluoromethylation of organosilanes and feedstock olefins.This study will include in depth understanding of reaction mechanisms (this will feature cyclic voltammetric measurements and electrochemistry) and will generate a library of compounds, the properties of which will be examined for potential application in drug discovery (GSK). The project will be carried out by an applicant who has expertise in fluorine chemistry and who is proficient in mechanistic studies. The host will bring complementary knowledge in fluorine chemistry, catalysis and photoredox catalysis. An ongoing external collaboration will add expertise in electrochemistry (Lyon). Upon completion, this project will contribute to advance catalysis in Europe and beyond and will allow the implementation of long lasting collaboration between Oxford and the Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry in China.

Keywords: c112 catalysis,c111 method development in chemistry,c141 organic chemistry
The effects of spatial attention on stimulus encoding in rat barrel cortex and on relationships between barrel cortex and locus coeruleus norepinephrine neuron spiking (WHISKERATTENTION)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IIF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-04-01
End date: 2015-03-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 161968.8
EU funding (EUR): 161968.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Norepinephrine (NE) medications affect attention and the ability to ignore distracting stimuli. Current theories focus on prefrontal cortex (PFC) as the site of NE-induced modulation. Sensory cortex neurons are also affected by NE. We propose testing the hypothesis that NE may actually affect attention via direct action in sensory cortex. To test this hypothesis, we will develop a rat spatial attention task that is analogous to those used in the nonhuman primate. Head-fixed rats will be presented with a train of whisker deflection stimuli on both sides of the face and will have to report detection of the reward-predicting stimulus in a train of distractors via operant response. On alternating trial blocks, cues will direct spatial attention to a whisker on one or the other side of the face. We will then perform concurrent extracellular recordings from barrel cortex neurons, which respond selectively to whisker deflections on one side of the face, but not the other. We will test the hypothesis that stimulus encoding will be modulated when attention is directed in the receptive field of the neurons. Such modulations have been shown to originate in the PFC, which targets layer 6 of sensory cortices. We will record all cortical layers simultaneously to test the hypotheses that modulation occurs in layer 6 first and is then transmitted to other layers. Finally, we will test the novel theory that NE may modulate attention by acting directly in sensory cortex. To this aim, we will conduct simultaneous barrel cortex and locus coeruleus recordings and examine the relationship of their stimulus-evoked responses (micro- and mesoscopic signals) during attention. We have been developing a novel animal model of attention that is amicable to genetics and physiology methods which are more feasible in rodents. These experiments will expand our understanding of the mechanisms of attention to individual cortical layers and assess the role NE may play in this mechanism.

Keywords: l501 neuroanatomy and neurophysiology,l507 cognition,l509 systems neuroscience,l512 psychiatric disorders,norepinephrine,schizophrenia,adhd,attention,behavior
The influence of neuromodulators on medial prefrontal cortical microcircuits during working memory (PFC-DOPA)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-04-01
End date: 2015-03-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 221606.4
EU funding (EUR): 221606.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Working memory (WM) is the capacity to temporarily maintain and manipulate task-relevant information, and has long been thought to crucially depend upon medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) function. Investigations employing many different approaches have identified neuronal processes strongly linked with, and necessary for, working memory tasks. Prominently, a persistent increase in firing rate during the interval between cue presentation and action has been observed. Furthermore, these processes can be modified by levels of neuromodulators such as dopamine (DA), in keeping with the proposed role of this neurotransmitter in modulating working memory function. However a mechanistic explanation for this cortical activity, and precisely how neuromodulators can influence it, remains lacking. The aim of this project is to 1) characterise the dynamics of patterns of mPFC activation at the level of neural populations and, 2) determine how the neuromodulator DA influences these representations. To do this, I will combine advanced in vivo electrophysiological techniques (high density multi-site population recordings and whole-cell patch clamp) with optogenetic manipulations to directly assess the role of DA on patterns of neocortical activity and WM. This work will shed light on the mechanisms that underlie short term memory storage within the nexcortex, and the influences that attention and reward can exert on these mechanisms.

Keywords: l509 systems neuroscience
The contribution of multinational retailers from developed countries operating in developing economies to the export performance of local firms (MULTIRETAIL)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-05-01
End date: 2015-04-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 134002.8
EU funding (EUR): 134002.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The current project seeks to answer how the overseas expansion of multinational retailers impacts the capacity of local (host country) firms to export. It focuses on multinational retailers from developed countries that establish operations in developing economies. In terms of theoretical modeling, it intends to add a retail sector in trade models with heterogeneous firms, and to unravel the link between the evolutions in the retail sector and the distribution of firms' productivity in the host country. For the empirical part, the integration of several host countries in the analysis and the use of firm-level data is intended in order to accurately measure the capability effect (the increase in exports due to productivity improvements of local firms), the linkage effect (the increase in exports due to the access of local firms to retailers’ foreign networks of outlets and contacts), as well as reveal new underlying mechanisms at work. Another objective of the project is to disentangle between effects on exports towards traditional and new foreign markets, and to evaluate the impacts in terms of the variety of goods produced and exported by host country firms. Finally, the project aims to understand how multinational retail chains adjust their supply policies to production shocks faced by their suppliers, and how these decisions explain retailers' trade-offs between low-cost suppliers from developing countries, and more reactive, more flexible suppliers from home and other developed economies. This is an innovative approach, because the existing literature focuses exclusively on firms’ responses to changes, shocks in the demand, emphasizing their focus on policies ensuring just-in-time delivery.

Keywords: e116 international trade - economic geography,e105 competitiveness - innovation - research and development,e102 microeconomics
The Governance of Energy Technology Innovation: Investigating Regulatory Regimes in Shale Gas (G-ETI)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Hungary
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IOF, 2012)
Start date: 2014-01-01
End date: 2015-12-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 213959.5
EU funding (EUR): 213959.5
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Energy technology innovation (ETI) is widely considered crucial to both secure affordable energy supplies and cater climate goals. ETI does however not happen in vacuum. Rather, it is subject to a complex interplay between the public sector, private actors and the surrounding institutional environment. This research project focuses on the role of governance and regulation in fostering or preventing energy technology innovation. It assesses a recent technological break-through originating from the US with potentially significant repercussions for Europe: shale gas. Shale gas technology allows generating vital energy supplies domestically by at the same time replacing coal fired power plants, thus reducing carbon emissions. A nascent sector, shale gas provides a unique opportunity to explore the evolvement of regulatory regimes in a new industry; the way how actors and environments play out in different national contexts; and the opportunities and obstacles surrounding technology transfer from one regulatory regime to the other. The project contributes to the academic literature on regulatory governance, regimes and policy transfer. Adopting an interdisciplinary and mixed-method approach, it generates country level data on regulatory regimes in energy and provides for rich comparative insights into the cases of the US, Poland, Hungary and Bulgaria. Finally, it allows drawing policy relevant conclusions on the opportunities and limits of policy transfer in European energy regulation.

Keywords: energy,technology,regulation,regulatory regimes,governance,shale gas,policy transfer