Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
EUROPEAN VOLCANO OBSERVATORY SPACE SERVICES (EVOSS)

Framework: FP7 — Cooperation
Programme: Space
Destination: Space-based applications at the service of the European Society
Action type: Collaborative project
Countries involved: France,Belgium,United Kingdom,Italy,Germany,Netherlands,Netherlands,Netherlands
Call:  (FP7-SPACE-2009-1, 2009)
Start date: 2010-03-01
End date: 2013-06-30
Duration (months): 40.0
Total project cost (EUR): 4224074.8
EU funding (EUR): 2864869.05
Participants: 13
Project status: CLOSED

The decision to propose EVOSS (a downstream service uniquely related to volcanic hazard monitoring) was driven by 9 institutional End Users from the EU, the Caribbean and Africa, with objective technical needs in managing 6 volcano observatories and having responsibility in current major unrests at 11 volcanoes worldwide, some of which in remote areas subjected to complex operational conditions. EVOSS, stems from the unique ensemble of phenomena, parameters and forerunners involved in volcanic unrests, and the need for responses scaled to the vastly variable intensities, durations and extent of possible eruptive activity. It capitalises on results achieved within projects GlobVolcano and PROMOTE of ESA, currently running. Its main goal is to implement the spaceborne support to volcano monitoring capacity by a substantial amount, acting at supra-regional scale and including multi-parameter tracking with temporal resolutions (multispectral EO) and spatial resolutions (Radar EO) hitherto unachieved. EVOSS, is centred on the development or the finalization of advanced data processing techniques for Gas/Ash, Thermal (high-temperature) and Ground deformation, underlain by robust theory and brought seamlessly to the End User for use in surveillance routine and emergency decision. EVOSS was designed for acting from sustained unrest on, with adaptive task scaling up to handing over the surveillance to spaceborne observation during events of outstanding areal impact, that may lead to withdraw personnel from the field or to evacuate the observatory. The integration of space-borne data in groundbased monitoring arrays (if they exist) is done at the local level. In EVOSS, the concept is voluntarily restricted to EU and Africa but can be readily extended globally by exploiting the combined potential of geostationary multispectral and Radar LEO observations, to enhance the quality and speed of the response of Observatories to multi-hazard and trans-national events.

Keywords: gmes downstream services - emergency response - volcano - volcanic hazard - earth observation
Guarding Genome Stability: Dynamic Control of Chromosome Segregation by Kinetochore Signalling Pathways (KINSIGN)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Cellular and Developmental Biology
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (ERC-2009-StG, 2009)
Start date: 2009-11-01
End date: 2014-10-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1572000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1572000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Equal segregation of chromosomes during cell division is vital to all life. Using a unique combination of cell biological and biochemical techniques, I will show how an essential set of enzymes promotes error-free chromosome segregation. During each cell division, genetically identical daughter cells are generated by accurate partitioning of the duplicated chromosomes. This relies on proper spatio-temporal execution of various highly dynamic processes. The activity of a small group of enzymes is crucial for at least two of these processes: correct chromosome positioning on the cell&apos;s equator prior to cell division and the ability to prevent cell division until every chromosome is thus positioned. The molecular fundamentals of signalling to and from these enzymes will be uncovered by chemical genetics, quantitative (phospho)proteomics, rapid affinity purifications and live-cell deconvolution microscopy. The resulting insights will open research avenues that will ultimately contribute to comprehensive models of how biochemical networks manage to prevent chromosome mis-segregation.

Keywords: chromosome segregation,kinetochore,kinase,mitotic checkpoint,chemical genetics,proteomics
Wnt/beta-Catenin Signalling Pathway Controls Reprogramming: The Basis Of Regeneration In Higher Vertebrates (RERE)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Cellular and Developmental Biology
Countries involved: Spain,Italy
Call:  (ERC-2009-StG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-01-01
End date: 2015-12-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1571000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1571000.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

Differentiation from zygotes in all cells of the body has been considered a unidirectional route. Recently, however, it has become clear that the inverse path is possible, as the reprogramming of somatic nuclei, i.e. the de-differentiation of somatic cells in pluripotent stem-like cells. To date, reprogramming has been induced in vitro by transferring somatic nuclei into enucleated oocytes, by fusing embryonic stem (ES) cells with somatic cells, and by transferring specific ES-factors into different types of somatic cell. Whether reprogramming can occur in vivo in higher vertebrates and what are the molecular mechanisms and genes driving reprogramming remain unknown. We have recently shown that the activation of Wnt/beta-catenin signalling pathway enhances reprogramming of somatic cells after their fusion with ES cells. Furthermore, our preliminary observations show that Wnt/beta-catenin signalling enhances the reprogramming of spontaneously fused cells. On the other hand, activation of Wnt/beta-catenin signalling pathway controls regeneration in response to damage in Zebra fish tail fin, in Xenopus limbs, and even in adult mammalian tissues, such as hair follicles and retina. Cell fusion is one possible mechanism of regeneration, and our hypothesis is that Wnt/beta-catenin signalling activation triggers the reprogramming in vivo of spontaneously fused hybrids formed between adult stem cells and somatic cells, to regenerate damaged organs. Thus, the specific goals of this project are to identify the beta-catenin target genes, i.e. the reprogrammers that control somatic cell reprogramming, to dissect the molecular mechanisms of reprogramming and to determine if Wnt/beta-catenin-dependent reprogramming of fused cells is the mechanism of regeneration in higher eukaryotes

Keywords: somatic cell reprogramming,wnt/beta-catenin signalling pathway,cell-cell fusion
Biotic community attributes and ecosystem functioning: implications for predicting and mitigating global change impacts (BIOCOM)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: ERC Starting Grant Interdisciplinary Panel
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (ERC-2009-StG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-01-01
End date: 2015-09-30
Duration (months): 69.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1463374.0
EU funding (EUR): 1463374.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Increases in nutrient availability and temperature, and changes in precipitation patterns and biodiversity are important components of global environmental change. Thus, it is imperative to understand their impacts on the functioning of natural ecosystems. Substantial research efforts are being currently devoted to predict how biodiversity will respond to global change. However, little is known on the relative importance of biodiversity against other attributes of biotic communities, such as species cover and spatial pattern, as a driver of ecosystem processes. Furthermore, the effects of global change on the relationships between these attributes and ecosystem functioning are virtually unknown. This project aims to evaluate the relationships between community attributes (species richness, composition, evenness, cover, and spatial pattern) and key processes related to ecosystem functioning under different global change scenarios. Its specific objectives are to: i) evaluate the relative importance of community attributes as drivers of ecosystem functioning, ii) assess how multiple global change drivers will affect key ecosystem processes, iii) test whether global change drivers modify observed community attributes-ecosystem functioning relationships, iv) develop models to forecast global change effects on ecosystem functioning, and v) set up protocols for the establishment of mitigation actions based on the results obtained. They will be achieved by integrating experimental and modeling approaches conducted with multiple biotic communities at different spatial scales. Such integrated framework has not been tackled before, and constitutes a ground breaking advance over current research efforts on global change. This proposal will also open the door to new research lines exploring the functional role of community attributes and their importance as modulators of ecosystem responses to global change.

Keywords: biotic communities,global change,ecosystem functioning,spatial pattern,biodiversity
Chromatin Mediators of Estrogen Receptor Biology (ER_PARTNERS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: ERC Starting Grant Interdisciplinary Panel
Countries involved: United Kingdom,United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2009-StG, 2009)
Start date: 2009-10-01
End date: 2014-09-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1500345.0
EU funding (EUR): 1500345.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

Estrogen Receptor (ER) drives proliferation in breast cancers and drugs such as tamoxifen and Aromatase Inhibitors, that target ER activity, are first line treatments in clinical practice. However drug resistance is a significant clinical problem. My laboratory has reported that chromatin-modifying pioneer factors are required for ER to bind the genome, and may constitute a unique opportunity for treating drug resistant cancer. My proposal consists of two complementary approaches to comprehensively explore how Estrogen Receptor interacts with these factors to direct transcription. (1) We will demonstrate that FoxA1 and the Groucho protein TLE1 are critical mediators of ER-chromatin interactions by mapping TLE1 binding sites on a genome-wide basis, and functionally testing the roles these factors play with ER in genomic remodeling, gene transcription, cell proliferation, and endocrine resistance. (2) More globally, to characterise ER transcriptional partners on a molecular basis, we will identify the complete complement of ER-associated proteins using novel proteomic approaches. Taken together, these approaches will explore how ER employs pioneer factors mechanistically, and will identify other potential players.

Keywords: estrogen receptor transcription,chromatin regulators,pioneer factors,drug resistance
From Environment to Physiology: Neuroendocrine Circuits and Genetic Mechanisms that Modulate Ageing and Development (NEUROAGE)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Physiology, Pathophysiology and Endocrinology
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2009-StG, 2009)
Start date: 2009-10-01
End date: 2014-09-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1501957.2
EU funding (EUR): 1501957.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

We seek to understand how organisms interpret complex environments to generate appropriate changes in their physiology. Specifically, we will focus on how food and temperature affect lifespan and a switch between reproductive growth versus a specialised developmental arrest (dauer) in C. elegans. Extensive work has indicated that the daf-2 insulin-like peptide (ILP) receptor plays a pivotal role in these processes, but key questions remain about how environmental inputs are linked to secretion of relevant ILP ligands. We propose to address these questions using a quantitative approach. We will use new tools to measure and manipulate the activity of neuroendocrine circuits, and exploit new technologies for automated microscopy of live C. elegans. First, we will delineate the neuroendocrine circuit by identifying ILPs, neurons and the type of neurosecretory activity that affects lifespan and dauer development. Second, we will detail how environmental information is transduced, by measuring the magnitude, kinetics and duration of environment-responsive expression of ILPs and other genes in specific neurons. Using gene expression as a new functional readout for neuroendocrine activity, we will determine how environmental, neuronal and genetic inputs regulate the activity of this neuroendocrine circuit. Third, we will address how environmental, neuronal and genetic inputs affect ILP secretion to influence lifespan and development. By combining quantitative analysis of environmental responses, neuroendocrine activity and physiological outcomes, we will determine how environmental inputs are linked to dauer development and lifespan. This integrated in vivo approach is currently only feasible in simple organisms such as C. elegans.

Keywords: development,signal transduction,insulin secretion
Social Interactions in Microbes (INTERACTINGMICROBES)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Evolutionary, population and environmental biology
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2009-StG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-10-01
End date: 2016-09-30
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1750000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1750000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Modern cell biology rests upon the power of studying pure cultures, often in shaking flasks. However, in nature cell groups are complex systems that frequently contain genetically-distinct populations. This genetic diversity ranges from point mutations that separate normal and cancerous tissue, through different strains of malaria in a host, to bacterial biofilms that contain a myriad of species. My research focuses on how genetic variability affects and explains the biology of cell groups, using microbes as a model system. The presence of different genotypes in a cell group leads to the potential for strong interactions. It is not sufficient, therefore, to study single genotypes alone; we need a systems biology of cell groups. Towards this aim, we combine the theories of social evolution and collective behaviour with the empirical study of microbes in two main approaches. The first focuses on the effects of mutation-driven diversity on a key bacterial trait - polymer secretion - that is central to bacterial life. The second approach focuses on the genetic diversity that arises when strains and species mix together. Here, we are developing a set of assays to investigate the effects of strain and species mixing centred upon Pseudomonas aeruginosa; a pathogenic bacterium that forms biofilms in the cystic fibrosis lung. We combine biofilm assays with transcriptomics to characterize the mechanisms that allow P. aeruginosa to invade environments containing benign species that might otherwise afford protection to a host. By taking a stepwise strategy that systematically adds back components of the physical and social environment, we aim to break down the daunting complexity of natural microbe communities. The ultimate goal is to build a predictive framework that goes from the mechanisms of social interaction among cells up to the emergent properties of natural communities.

Keywords: social behavior,pseudomonas,biofilms
The chronocircuitry of the hippocampus during cognitive behaviour (HIPPOCHRONOCIRCUITRY)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Neurosciences and neural disorders
Countries involved: Austria
Call:  (ERC-2009-StG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-01-01
End date: 2014-12-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1760911.0
EU funding (EUR): 1760911.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Neuronal activity of pyramidal cells in the CA1 area of the hippocampus enables spatial navigation, learning and memory and their firing is tightly controlled by GABAergic interneurons. Both, pyramidal cells and interneurons are highly heterogeneous cell types. Different CA1 pyramidal cells project to distinct brain areas including the subiculum, entorhinal, retrosplenial, prefrontal cortex, olfactory bulb, striatum and/or hypothalamus. Distinct classes of interneurons innervate different subcellular domains of pyramidal cells and operate with different molecular machineries. However, how the different types of pyramidal cells and interneurons contribute to cognitive behaviour remains unknown. In the present proposal we will use novel techniques to test the hypothesis that different types of pyramidal cells and interneurons define spatio-temporal circuitries in the hippocampus of freely-moving rodents underlying cognitive processing. We will test if pyramidal cells projecting to different brain areas make different contribution to spatial information coding, prospective coding for future choices and memory consolidation during sleep. Also, we will determine how identified classes of GABAergic interneurons control pyramidal cell activity and network oscillations during cognitive tasks in freely-moving rats. In addition, we will use transgenic mice in order to up- or down-regulate quickly and reversibly the activity of specific classes of neurons and determine their causal contribution to network operations and cognitive behaviour. Our experiments will determine spatio-temporal codes in and beyond the hippocampal circuit by defining simultaneously the neuronal activity and synaptic connectivity of identified neurons during cognitive behaviours, learning and memory.

Keywords: hippocampus,network oscillations,neuronal circuits,memory,in vivo electrophysiology,interneurons
RNA virus population diversity, virulence, attenuation and vaccine development. (RNAVIRUSPOPDIVNVAX)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Immunity and infection
Countries involved: France
Call:  (ERC-2009-StG, 2009)
Start date: 2009-10-01
End date: 2015-03-31
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1870000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1870000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

RNA viruses have the highest mutation frequencies in nature, which are in large part attributed to the low fidelity of their viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRp). Explosive replication kinetics coupled with high mutation rates quickly generate highly diverse populations that have been observed for all RNA viruses. Recently, we have developed a model system to study the roles that RNA virus mutation rates and population heterogeneity play in virus fitness, virulence and pathogenesis in vivo. The system relies on altering the RdRp fidelity of poliovirus, thereby changing the amount of genetic diversity present in a population. We found that increasing or decreasing genetic diversity strongly attenuates the virus and may constitute a novel strategy to engineer live virus vaccines. However, the poliovirus infection model of transgenic mice presents significant limitations that do not permit more detailed studies of the mechanisms behind these observations. To further extend our preliminary results, we will develop two new infection models, to study the role of genetic diversity and population dynamics of RNA viruses infecting their hosts naturally. These models will be used to uncover the mechanisms by which genetic diversity is generated, the points in infection when it is critical and the specific bottlenecking events or subpopulations that are involved at these critical points. We will use new deep sequencing technology, coupled to concepts in population genetics, to develop new strategies for vaccine discovery based on the modulation of RNA virus populations.

Keywords: rna viruses,vaccines,pathogenesis,quasispecies,mutation rates
Viral metagenomics of human pathologies with unknown etiology (PATHOVIROME)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Diagnostic tools, therapies and public health
Countries involved: France
Call:  (ERC-2009-StG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-02-01
End date: 2014-01-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 831902.0
EU funding (EUR): 831902.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

While viral infections create an important threat for humanity, our knowledge of the viruses that infect humans is largely incomplete. So far, discovery of new viruses has been limited by the inability to propagate them in cell culture, the lack of serological cross-reactivity, or the absence of conserved genetic element to target by PCR. Thus, numerous acute and chronic diseases with unknown etiology are caused by yet unidentified viruses. Among the highest failure rates in determining the etiological cause of disease, pneumonia, encephalitis, and pericarditis are usually cited. In these cases, the search for unknown viruses is an urgent scientific task. We propose to identify new viruses, both indigenous and pathogenic, using metagenomics (shotgun Sanger sequencing and 454 pyrosequencing) of RNA and DNA from purified viral particles found in clinical samples of individuals presenting encephalitis, pneumonia, or pericarditis diseases without known etiology. Virus-centered bioinformatics methods will be developed to detect close as well as distant relatives of known viral species. Initial viral sequence similarity analysis will be followed by full viral genome reconstruction and phylogenetic analysis. The prevalence, abundance, and geographical distribution of newly identified viruses will then be determined using quantitative real-time PCR and RT-PCR on a 10-year collection of samples from extensively characterized patients.

Keywords: metagenomics,viruses,human pathologies