Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Advanced Spectroscopy and Spectrometry for Imaging Metabolism using Isotopically-Labeled Endogenous Substrates (ASSIMILES)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Consolidator grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Physical and analytical chemical sciences
Panel description: Analytical chemistry, chemical theory, physical chemistry/chemical physics
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call: ERC Consolidator Grant (ERC-2015-CoG, 2015)
Start date: 2016-09-01
End date: 2022-04-30
Duration (months): 68.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2199145.76
EU funding (EUR): 2199145.76
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

A technological revolution is currently taking place making it possible to noninvasively study metabolism in mammals (incl. humans) in vivo with unprecedented temporal and spatial resolution. Central to these developments is the phenomenon of hyperpolarization, which transiently enhances the magnetic resonance (MR) signals so much that real-time metabolic imaging and spectroscopy becomes possible. The first clinical translation of hyperpolarization MR technology has recently been demonstrated with prostate cancer patients. I have played an active role in these exciting developments, through design and construction of hyperpolarization MR setups that are defining the cutting-edge for in vivo preclinical metabolic studies. However, important obstacles still exist for the technology to fulfill its enormous potential. With this highly interdisciplinary proposal, I will overcome the principal drawbacks of current hyperpolarization technology, namely: 1) A limited time window for hyperpolarized MR detection; 2) The conventional use of potentially toxic polarizing agents; 3) The necessity to use supra-physiological doses of metabolic substrates to reach detectable MR signal I will develop a novel hyperpolarization instrument making use of photoexcited compounds as polarizing agents to produce hyperpolarized solutions containing exclusively endogenous compounds. It will become possible to deliver hyperpolarized solutions in a quasi-continuous manner, permitting infusion of physiological doses and greatly increasing sensitivity. I will also use a complementary isotope imaging technique, the so-called CryoNanoSIMS (developed at my institution over the last year), which can image isotopic distributions in frozen tissue sections and reveal the localization of injected substrates and their metabolites with subcellular spatial resolution. Case studies will include liver and brain cancer mouse models. This work is pioneering and will create a new frontier in molecular imaging.

Keywords: magnetic resonance,hyperpolarization,dynamic nuclear polarization,metabolic imaging,secondary ion mass spectrometry,nanosims
Control of cell division in Sulfolobus acidocaldarius (CCDSA)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Life Sciences
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call: Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships (IF-EF) (H2020-MSCA-IF-2015, 2015)
Start date: 2017-01-01
End date: 2018-12-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 195454.8
EU funding (EUR): 195454.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Archaea and eukaryotes share conserved regulators such as ESCRTIII proteins that are involved in fundamental aspects of eukaryotic cell division, a finding that assumes particular importance in the context of widely accepted models for the evolution of eukaryotes from an ancestral archaeal host. Yet the mechanisms by which archaea regulate cell division- in the absence of nuclei, organelles and a rigid cell wall- are poorly understood. The research programme proposed here aims to fill this gap in our understanding by investigating the control and coordination of cell division in the model crenarchaeote Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. We will use super-resolution imaging in combination with cell sorting and electron cryotomography to characterize cell cycle progression in Sulfolobus at unprecedented resolution. We will leverage a novel in-house high-temperature live imaging platform and proteins labeled with thermostable GFP to dissect the molecular coupling between the key processes of chromosome segregation, membrane invagination, and abscission. Further, we will use forward genetics, whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomics to identify novel cell division regulators that are conserved in eukaryotes. We expect this detailed characterization of cell division in cells without organelles or a nucleus to have broad implications for our understanding of the origins of the more elaborate mechanisms found in extant eukaryotes. Moreover, in the future we expect the knowledge gained and interdisciplinary approaches developed here to be applicable for the study of Loki, the recently identified closest archaeal relative of eukaryotes, and for furthering the industrial utility of hyperthermophilic archaea.

Keywords: archaeal cell biology,evolutionary cell biology
Exploring the bacterial cell cycle to re-sensitize antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ChronosAntibiotics)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Consolidator grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy
Panel description: The immune system, related disorders and their mechanisms, biology of infectious agents and infection, biological basis of prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, innovative immunological tools and approaches, including therapies
Countries involved: Portugal
Call: ERC Consolidator Grant (ERC-2017-COG, 2017)
Start date: 2018-03-01
End date: 2024-03-31
Duration (months): 73.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2533500.0
EU funding (EUR): 2533500.0
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

Over the next 35 years, antibiotic resistant bacteria are expected to kill more than 300 million people. The need to find alternative strategies for antimicrobial therapies remains a global challenge with several bottlenecks in the antibiotic discovery process. Using Staphylococcus aureus, the most common multidrug-resistant bacterium in the European Union and an excellent model organism for cell division in cocci, we propose: (i) to find new pathways to re-sensitize resistant bacteria. Bacteria undergo major morphology changes during the cell cycle. We hypothesize that these changes generate windows of opportunity during which bacteria are more susceptible or more tolerant to the action of antibiotics. We will identify key regulators of the cell cycle in order to manipulate the duration of windows of opportunity for the action of existing antibiotics. (ii) to develop new fluorescence-based reporters for whole-cell screenings of antimicrobial compounds with new modes of action, including compounds that arrest or delay the cell cycle; compounds that target non-essential pathways that are required for expression of resistance against existing antibiotics and therefore can be used as synergistic drugs for combination therapies; compounds that inhibit the production of virulence factors and compounds that revert persister states that are phenotypically resistant to antibiotics. (iii) to unravel new modes of action of antibiotics by using the constructed reporter strains as powerful tools to learn how antibiotics act at the single cell level. Over the past years, my group has become expert on the biology of S. aureus, has constructed powerful biological tools to study cell division and synthesis of the cell surface and has studied mechanisms of action of various antimicrobial compounds. We are therefore in a privileged position to quickly unravel the function of new players in the bacterial cell cycle and simultaneously contribute to accelerate antibiotic discovery.

Keywords: staphylococcus aureus,bacterial cell cycle,antibiotic resistance,cell biology
supracellular contractility of myofibroblasts in gut homeostasis and cancer invasion (STARNEL)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Consolidator grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing
Panel description: Organ and tissue physiology, comparative physiology, physiology of ageing, pathophysiology, interorgan and tissue communication, endocrinology, nutrition, metabolism, interaction with the microbiome, non-communicable diseases including cancer (and except disorders of the nervous system and immunity-related diseases)
Countries involved: France
Call: ERC Consolidator Grant (ERC-2017-COG, 2017)
Start date: 2018-10-01
End date: 2024-09-30
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2000000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1500000.0
Participants: 2
Project status: SIGNED

There has been tremendous progress in understanding the importance of the microenvironment and its chemical signals for homeostasis of stem cell niche in the intestine and for tumor invasion and metastasis formation in many different tissues. However, the way stromal cells such as myofibroblasts or cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) use mechanical forces to shape the extracellular matrix and consequently dictate the response of epithelial cells remains unexplored at the single-cell level mainly due to limited imaging tools. Here we propose a multi-disciplinary approach, at the interface of cancer cell biology and physics, aimed to understand how myofibroblasts contractility influences epithelial cell functions in physiological (homeostasis) and pathological (cancer) conditions using the gut as a model. Specific aims: 1. Characterize myofibroblasts in gut mucosa. Using omics analysis, mouse models and optogenetic tools we will obtain molecular signatures of myofibroblasts, characterize their migration, proliferation and contractile capacities. 2. Determine the role of myofibroblasts contractility in gut epithelial homeostasis. Using gut-on-chip and intravital imaging we will determine if supracellular contractility of myofibroblasts is necessary to maintain crypt shape upon mechanical stimuli. 3. Determine the role of CAF alignment in cancer progression. We will use 3D in vitro models to explore if CAFs alignment prevents or stimulates cancer cell invasion. Using mesentery metastasis mouse model, we will test if CAFs alignment can generate collagen bundles that cancer cells use to metastasize. 4. Explore if CAF alignment can induce therapy resistance and tumor relapse. Using human samples of rectal cancer before and after chemo-radiotherapy we will determine if CAFs alignment can protect cancer cells from therapy and stimulate metastasis formation.

Keywords: cell contractility,fibrosis,extracellular matrix,myofibroblasts,invasion,metastasis
The longest-life & energy-saving emergency LED lighting system for underground infrastructures (SMARTUNNEL)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Industrial Leadership
Programme: Innovation in SMEs
Action type: SME instrument
Countries involved: Sweden
Call: SME instrument (H2020-SMEInst-2018-2020-1, 2018)
Start date: 2018-11-01
End date: 2019-02-28
Duration (months): 4.0
Total project cost (EUR): 71429.0
EU funding (EUR): 50000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

During rail and road tunnel construction/refurbishment, the initial investment required for lighting system installation, including emergency lighting systems (ELS) amounts to an average 6% of total tunnel construction cost. Current ELS power supply circuits force lights to remain on for long hours when not needed: when power is turned off manually, existing circuits keep ELS on (powered by batteries). This leads to needless energy consumption and fast battery deterioration. We, at Uni-light LED, have developed Smartunnel, a new smart LED ELS for tunnels under construction/refurbishment, which turns off when light is not needed. Our smart switch and intelligent control allow discrimination between unintentional power outage and intentional interruption, so that emergency lights are lit only under the first scenario. This prevents excessive battery exhaustion/recharging cycles thus making Smartunnel the longest-life ELS on the market (10 years, 80% reduction in battery waste). Smartunnel offers 20-30% increased energy efficiency leading to effective savings of €13,000/3km per year. Our flicker-free and electromagnetic interference-free lights improve visibility and reduce health issues, enhancing safety and security for tunnel workers. Conveniently, Smartunnel can use existing wiring installations to power emergency lights, curbing the cost of new wiring in existing tunnels. We already commercialise 7 lighting product types, based on our patented LED light Driver and Thermal Management Technology for illumination in agriculture, industry and on ships, thus far reaching 100 companies in the UK, Sweden, Germany and Austria. The success of our existing systems has funded Smartunnel development. Following the optimisation of our design into a pilot for phase 2 validation under real conditions. We aim to achieve a tunnelling construction market share of 21 % in Europe as well as 8 % in USA by 2024, creating at least 20 new jobs at Uni-light LED in the process.

Keywords: emergency lighting system,led lighting,lighting control,tunnel construction,transport infrastructures,mining tunnels,underground infrastructures,dimming
Solving The Entrainment Puzzle (STEP)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Environment and Geosciences
Countries involved: Germany
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2018, 2018)
Start date: 2019-05-01
End date: 2022-07-22
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 174806.4
EU funding (EUR): 174806.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

As a cloud moves through environmental air, cloudy and cloud free air mix at the cloud edges in the entrainment process. Entrainment is a key cloud process central to understanding cloud morphology and microphysical processes such as precipitation formation. After decades of research, no reliable formulation exists that allows to describe and understand entrainment in terms of cloud- and environmental physical quantities ("the entrainment puzzle"). Differences in representation of entrainment in climate models are a main cause for spread in climate sensitivity estimates. The realistic treatment of entrainment in climate models will help to reduce a large part of the uncertainty in predictions of climate sensitivity. This project aims at Solving The Entrainment Puzzle (STEP): - By identification of the main physical parameters that govern the amount of air entrained into and detrained from clouds using controlled laboratory measurements. - By translating the experimental results into a new mathematical formulation to use in Large Eddy Simulations of clouds using computational fluid dynamics modelling. In a unique approach, STEP will combine observations from a novel turbulent cloud chamber, computational fluid dynamics, and Large Eddy Simulations to develop a new reliable entrainment calculation scheme. Solving the entrainment puzzle will allow quantifying the entrainment processes reliably and thus deliver the basis for climate model improvements. The STEP project builds on my expertise in cloud microphysics and dynamics gained at various international institutes and will be accomplished at a leading international research institution. The host will provide me with excellent complementary training and career development opportunities. Through various dissemination and communication activities, STEP will contribute to the visibility and excellence of the European Science Area, addressing one of the Europe 2020 strategy main targets "Climate Change and Energy".

Keywords: cloud physics,entrainment
Polymeric Electromagnetic Metamaterials created by flow-induced Structure PRINTing (PEM-SPrint)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Products and processes engineering
Panel description: Product and process design, chemical, civil, environmental, mechanical, vehicle engineering, energy processes and relevant computational methods
Countries involved: Belgium,Netherlands
Call: ERC STARTING GRANTS (ERC-2020-STG, 2020)
Start date: 2021-02-01
End date: 2026-01-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1499875.0
EU funding (EUR): 1263250.0
Participants: 2
Project status: SIGNED

The increasing miniaturization and integration of numerous components in electronic devices and the booming use of wireless technologies leads to an explosion in the amount of electromagnetic waves and resulting crosstalk. In addition, with the recent 5G mobile network, a major challenge is to enhance the range of the electromagnetic waves, which could be accomplished by suitable wave bending around obstacles. To make these upcoming technologies viable for the future, a novel class of materials is needed. These materials need to fulfil two major requirements namely processability into complex and customized shapes and local interactions with selected electromagnetic waves. The aim of this research is to develop polymeric multi-phasic electromagnetic metamaterials generated by a novel processing method, i.e. flow-induced structure printing. The novel method, featuring a complex static mixer in the nozzle of the printer, will make it possible to create 3-dimensional materials having substructures that are up to 100 times smaller than the dimension of the printer nozzle. By using polymeric materials with conductive and magnetic inclusions, 3D structures will be generated that allow to induce electromagnetic metamaterial responses such as wave bending or complete absorption. To enable these groundbreaking developments in material design and processing, fundamental understanding should be generated on the relations between microstructure and electromagnetic properties in 3D structured materials with conductive and magnetic inclusions combined with their flow-induced structure development. My extensive background in rheology, fluid mechanics, material design and equipment development will allow to tackle the diverse challenges in realizing these unique materials and processing method. The general design strategies and processing method will also enable to generate hierarchical materials for other high-end applications such as interdigitated batteries and solar cells.

Keywords: rheology,polymer,suspension,nanocomposite,processing,dielectric and magnetic properties
Sentinel EO-Based Emission and Deposition Service (SEEDS)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Industrial Leadership
Programme: Space
Action type: Research and Innovation actions
Countries involved: Spain,Belgium,Norway,France,France,France,Netherlands
Call: Copernicus evolution: Research activities in support of the evolution of the Copernicus services (H2020-SPACE-2020, 2020)
Start date: 2021-01-01
End date: 2023-12-31
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1498875.0
EU funding (EUR): 1498875.0
Participants: 8
Project status: SIGNED

The main objective of SEEDS it to develop an add-on service to the Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service (CAMS) on pollutant emissions and depositions that will enhance the use of satellite observations and provide new products to boost European competitiveness in air quality (AQ) management, precision agriculture and industrial sector applications. SEEDS will integrate data from CAMS with Copernicus Sentinel satellite observations via data assimilation, inverse modelling, land surface modelling, and machine learning approaches to deliver cutting edge up-to-date estimates surface pollutant (NOx, NH3, ozone, biogenic VOCs) fluxes, both emission and deposition. SEEDS will show that enhanced satellite data use in emissions and depositions will not only improve the quality of the existing CAMS products but will also enable new products and uses across new market areas. The SEEDS production will target operationalization beyond SEEDS. Emissions will be improved by the use of satellite information via inverse modelling. Depositions will be improved by data assimilation of satellite information on the land surface in the production chain. The capabilities of the new emission products to inform industrial activities will be shown, and activities to support emission information uptake by European industrial stakeholders will be initiated. SEEDS targets depositions of nitrogen and ozone components in anticipation of the demand of these products from the agricultural sector that will benefit from improved deposition and air concentration products for their impact assessment. SEEDS data products will be available on a dedicated IT platform and promoted through co-creation workshops and scientific and user networks. This platform will facilitate the exploitation of the SEEDS data products and enhance the creation of downstream activities including innovation pathways linked to industrial, agricultural and AQ stakeholders. The AQ engagement will incorporate citizen science.

Keywords: industrial emissions,biogenic emissions,deposition fluxes,inverse modelling,data assimilation
Soft Gluon Physics and Multi-Loop Calculations (Soft Gluons)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Physics
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call: Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships (IF-EF) (H2020-MSCA-IF-2014, 2014)
Start date: 2015-10-01
End date: 2017-09-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 183454.8
EU funding (EUR): 183454.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The start of the LHC at CERN and the discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012 started a new era in particle physics. After fifty years from its prediction, the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics has received its final experimental confirmation. There are many experimental and theoretical observations which suggest that new physics should be present at energies slightly above the electroweak scale. Two years of LHC running, however, made clear that such new physics will show up only as small deviations from the SM. This opens up the quest for precision particle physics. It involves our ability to predict scattering amplitudes with the smallest uncertainty possible, a task which relies on our understanding of quantum chromodynamics. This is currently the main task of the theoretical high-energy physics community, and this project addresses issues that are at the heart of this endeavour. Scattering processes at the LHC involve multiple scales, and very often become sensitive, through multi-loop corrections, to scales far lower than the hard interaction. This is the physics of soft gluons, which is the subject of my proposal. I aim at improving our knowledge and treatment of the physics of soft gluons. I will do this by working in parallel on four tasks: - calculating soft gluon webs at higher orders in perturbation theory, needed to understand the nature of soft gluon radiation to all-orders; - developing a framework for the resummation of next-to-eikonal soft gluons, needed for improving our ability to obtain precise prediction at LHC; - developing tools for automatising the treatment of soft gluon radiation in scattering processes, which will directly serve the experimental community. - investigating factorisation properties of scattering amplitudes in the high-energy limit, the so-called Regge limit. These goals are important for the exploitation of the LHC and will have a major impact in the field.

Keywords: high energy physics,gauge theories,soft gluons,scattering amplitudes,resummation