Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Scale of governance, the UN, the States and Indigenous peoples human rights: the meanings and issues of self-determination in the time of globalization (SOGIP)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Institutions, values, beliefs and behaviour
Countries involved: France
Call:  (ERC-2009-AdG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-06-01
End date: 2015-11-30
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2090280.0
EU funding (EUR): 2090280.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This proposal describes a multi-scale research project investigating the social, cultural and political issues relating to governance and Indigenous Peoples. Recent international mobilization has led to a major shift, culminating in the adoption by the UN of the Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) in 2007. This highly symbolic and moral document is expected to induce changes and to combat discrimination. Indigenous peoples have acquired visibility, as models of sustainability and for their ecological knowledge. Yet their place in constitutional orders, their participation in decision-making, and their development practices have not been consistently studied. Crucial issues include their emergence as political actors, the role of transnational networks, and convergences in two sectors of global concern - human rights and the environment. The UNDRIP opens room to consider the various modalities of self-determination. A comparative approach will help get rid of simple dichotomies, while putting at the centre of the scientific debate the modernization of the Western discourse and the post-colonial theories. With the PI, a team will study the changes that international norms induce through the development of programs, EU initiatives too, and the response at local levels. The research will focus on arenas in which indigenous communities are confronted by modern policies: education, land management, political representation, legal systems and the expression of culture. 10 comparative studies will be undertaken, in Southern Africa, South America, Asia and Oceania. Key findings will be discussed through thematic and regional workshops; dissemination done through seminars and publications. The UN Permanent Forum for Indigenous Issues has repeatedly requested the academic sector to provide analysis on the translation of universal discourses to situated practices. However, to date, no such research has been done on a comparative scale

Keywords: indigenous peoples rights,united nations
Novel approaches to identify brain responses specifically related to the perception of pain in humans (IDENTIFYING PAIN)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: European Re-integration Grants
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Belgium
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-RG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-03-01
End date: 2013-02-28
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 45000.0
EU funding (EUR): 45000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

How does the brain process noxious stimuli, and how does this lead to the perception of pain? Human electrophysiological studies using electroencephalography (EEG) or magnetoencephalography (MEG), as well as studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) or positron emission tomography (PET), have all shown that noxious stimuli, or painful stimuli, elicit neural responses in a vast array of cortical structures. Although a large number of investigators have proposed that these brain responses form a cortical network specifically or preferentially involved in the perception of pain (i.e. the so-called “pain matrix”), the actual functional significance of these brain responses remains obscure. For example, recent studies have shown that these responses reflect brain processes that can also be triggered by non-noxious stimuli and that these may be largely related to non-specific mechanisms of arousal and/or attentional capture. Hence, to progress in our understanding of the cortical mechanisms underlying the perception of pain, novel approaches are needed to identify brain responses more specifically related to the processing of noxious input. This will constitute the main objective of the present research project, which will combine novel methods to analyse EEG, MEG and fMRI signals, with novel methods to activate the nociceptive system in humans.

Keywords: health sciences,medicine,neurosciences,neurophysiology,neurology,biomedical engineering
Plural Reinforcement Learning (PLURELEARN)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Re-integration Grants
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-RG, 2009)
Start date: 2009-11-01
End date: 2013-10-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

We propose a new paradigm for learning in complex high-dimensions dynamic environments. Our goal is to develop algorithms, theory, and applications that use plurality of learning approaches and models in a synergetic way. Our paradigm considers the task of learning a control policy by combining trial and error in the style of reinforcement learning with learning from a competent teacher whose interaction with the environment can be observed. Instead of using the teacher for imitation, our paradigm is focused on learning good representations of the world-model. We consider four specific issues in the new paradigm: (i) The usage of iteration and reiteration between learning from a teacher and reinforcement learning. (ii) Learning representation and structure from the teacher. (iii) Optimizing policies based on learned representations and reasoning about model uncertainty. (iv) Learning sub-strategies from a teacher and when and how to use them. We will develop algorithms and theory pertaining to the new paradigm and will apply it in two challenging domains: a fighter jet simulator and a network operating center simulator.

Keywords: artificial intelligence,operations research,engineering mathematics,reinfrocement learning,control techniques,control of complex systems
Realignment: ENHANCING IMPLANT PERFORMANCE THROUGH STRUCTURAL REARRANGEMENTS IN HYDROXYAPATITE (REALIGNMENT)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Re-integration Grants
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Latvia
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-RG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-02-01
End date: 2014-01-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Hydroxyapatite is used extensively in orthopaedic implants, and has benefited from the known biocompatibility of apatites within teeth and bone. Continual material development is hindered from several factors. One of these is the unknown influence of structural modifications on the properties. The variability of properties is, in part, attributed to the flexibility to permit atom vacancies and accommodate lower hydroxyl contents. This project will assess the impact of dehydroxylation on material properties (mechanical properties, solubility, charge) and cell response. The range of solid solutions from hydroxyapatite to oxyapatite will be studied to show the effect on the properties. Dehydroxylated hydroxyapatite will be studied and the most suitable technique (X-ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance, microRaman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infra red spectroscopy or luminescence) applied as a new quality control technique. This will pave the way for also developing hydroxyapatite as a new heat sensor. The concentration of remaining hydroxyl ions and the positioning will be an indicator of the heat environment and the mixing within the droplet at high temperatures. Attention will be directed to hydroxyl ions in the structure to provide a charged surface. The hydroxyl ions will be oriented to impart a surface charge. A new technique will be generated for providing new in-situ charge generation during coating formation with thermal spraying. This project will introduce a new quality control technique for measuring hydroxyl content and orientation, introduce a new tool for monitoring the high temperature environments and fnally produce a new approach for imparting a charge on coating surfaces.

Keywords: biomaterial engineering,design engineering,materials engineering
Möbius aromaticity: a new Challenge for Computational Chemistry (MA:CCC)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: European Re-integration Grants
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-RG, 2009)
Start date: 2009-10-01
End date: 2012-09-30
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 45000.0
EU funding (EUR): 45000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The concept of Möbius aromaticity has become a very popular topic in the literature. However, the synthesis of a viable aromatic Möbius system has been a challenge for Chemistry for 40 years. Herges and collaborators finally solved this problem combining a normal planar conjugated structure with a rigid “prefabricated” belt-shaped conjugated segment. After this seminal work more annulenic Möbius aromatic systems have not been reported due to their small cis-trans isomerisation barriers. However, it was proposed that expanded porphyrins with more than four pyrrolic subunits can solve this problem, taking advantage of their conformational flexibility and the number and the nature of substituents on the pyrrolic and meso positions. For instance, it has been shown that the Hückel and Möbius structures can be switched with only small changes in the external conditions (temperature, solvent, pH) of the system or with the metallation of the macrocycle. As one can see, the research of aromatic systems with Möbius topology has just started and there are still lots of aspects and applications to be analyzed. However, before than new Möbius aromatic topologies can be effectively predicted an accurate understanding of the different factors involved in the viability of these systems is required, which is one the main aims of this proposal. As the role of the three determinant factors (aromaticity, strain, metallation) is unclear in advance it is necessary to evaluate them independently using different computational techniques (aromatic criteria, energy decomposition analysis, and reactivity descriptors). In addition, the study of the switches and dynamics of their electronic and photophysical properties in different external conditions, macrocycles, metals, and substituents will be also essential for this project. The final goal of this project will be to use all the theoretical results obtained to design of new viable Möbius aromatic systems.

Keywords: computational chemistry
Development of new gene therapy approaches for the treatment of ocular neovascularization (EYESEE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Re-integration Grants
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Portugal
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-RG, 2009)
Start date: 2009-11-01
End date: 2013-10-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Ocular neovascularization (NV) is the pathological feature common to Retinopathy of Prematurity, Diabetic Retinopathy, and Age-related Macular Degeneration. Collectively, these diseases are the leading cause of blindness in developed countries, and even more relevant due to the increased life expectancy. Current therapies can delay the progression of the disease, but do not restore the vision already lost. Therefore, there is a need for new, more efficient anti-angiogenic therapies. Gene therapy has been successfully used in several ocular disease paradigms. Most gene therapy strategies have used viral vectors due to their gene transfer efficiency. Nevertheless, viral vectors have several limitations, the most important ones the risk of random integration into the genome and potential severe immune response. Non-viral vectors have the potential to overcome the drawbacks associated with viral vectors but, to date, non-viral vectors still lag behind viral ones in gene transfer efficiency. This proposal aims to address both the need for new therapeutic strategies to treat ocular NV and development of new non-viral vectors optimized for ocular gene therapy. This dual approach would be feasible due to the multidisciplinary background of the Coordinator of this proposal in gene therapy, biology and and materials science. This project will study the potential of combining the inhibition of angiogenic factors and the expression of anti-angiogenic factors, delivered by the developed non-viral vectors. The outcome of this project would be two-fold: 1) non-viral vectors with an efficiency comparable to viral ones and 2) new therapeutic strategies to prevent loss of vision caused by the progression of ocular NV. This can significantly contribute to European excellence by decreasing the knowledge gap and generate added value products that can simultaneously have an economic impact but mostly have a social impact, specially in those ailing from diseases causing blindness

Keywords: degenerative diseases,ophthalmology,dna therapy
Genetic basis and functional consequences of pre- and post-hatching parental effects. (GENPREPAR)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: European Re-integration Grants
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-RG, 2009)
Start date: 2009-10-01
End date: 2012-09-30
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 45000.0
EU funding (EUR): 45000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Parental effects – the expression of offspring traits depending upon the influence of parental phenotype -have become a major focus of interest in behavioural and evolutionary biology. They represent potentially very important epigenetic component of offspring phenotype that can advance, slow or even reverse phenotypic changes in response to selection. The simultaneous selection on parental and offspring traits is thought to result in a co-adaptation of parental and offspring traits which may result in negative or positive genetic correlations depending upon the selection pressures. This has mostly been studied in the context of post-hatching parent-offspring co-adaptation, with the focus on the co-adaptation in parental supply and offspring demand mechanisms. More recently, pre-hatching influences on offspring development and their influence on post-hatching parent-offspring interactions have become a major research focus due to the discovery of maternal hormones. However the genetic basis of pre-hatching parent-offspring co-adaptation has not been studied, nor how it relates and affects post-hatching parent-offspring interactions. I intend to study the genetic basis of pre-hatching parent-offspring co-adaptation, and its influence on post-hatching parent-offspring interactions. I will use specific breeding designs and genetic markers to separate and direct genetic effects from genetic and non-genetic parental effects. I will use theoretical modelling to understand how different types and mechanisms of parental effects evolve or influence evolution when selection on parents and offspring differs, focusing on the interaction of prenatal and postnatal maternal effects. Finally, I will experimentally test the functional consequences for parents and offspring when pre-hatching parental investment and offspring development is matched or mismatched and its interaction with post-hatching interactions.

Keywords: natural sciences,maternal effects,parent-offspring conflict,quantitative genetics,evolution,maternal hormones
Conceptual approach for new routes in eHealth: Movement practices of elderly care (CAREMOVES)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: European Re-integration Grants
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Denmark
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-RG, 2009)
Start date: 2009-09-01
End date: 2012-08-31
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 45000.0
EU funding (EUR): 45000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Linked with the ‘demographic challenge’ of a rapidly aging population, there is an increasing move of healthcare practices into the home. At the same time ‘smart home’ technologies and other assistive devices are transforming homes into clinics. With these movements a range of new and alternative healthcare practices have emerged. The CareMoves project proposes to explore how formal and informal elderly care is reconstituted with an analytical focus on movement practices. The aim of the project is to understand what this focus might imply for new conceptualizations of healthcare and healthcare technologies. This will be done through the following three main research objectives: 1.) Generate empirical knowledge of movement practices of elderly care in different healthcare settings, based on exploratory ethnographic research in the United States and Scandinavia; 2.) Devise an alternative conceptual approach of elderly care formulated on this new empirical knowledge; 3.) Enable knowledge transfer, exchange, and public dissemination with internal and external stakeholders. We anticipate that the CareMoves project will have immediate implications for new innovative routes in eHealth, mainly for assisting the lives of older people. Furthermore, we believe that the project will influence future public policies including the design of eHealth information and communication technologies (ICTs) for older people.

Keywords: assisted living,ehealth,elderly,ethnography,healthcare,information & communication technology (ict),mobility,movement practices,science & technology studies (sts),social sciences
Neural and behavioral correlates of mental effort (NBC-EFFORT)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Re-integration Grants
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Italy
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-RG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-04-01
End date: 2012-03-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 50000.0
EU funding (EUR): 50000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The wide use in daily life of the concept of mental effort points to a psychological construct that is dually perceived as capable of influencing significantly the quality of an action and, on the other hand, as imposing an important cost on the action itself. Despite its practical and theoretical interest, particularly for the neuroscience of executive function, mental effort is a surprisingly neglected area of investigation. In this proposal, we aim at elucidating the relationship among the degree of invested mental effort, its subjective perception, and its effects on cognitive performance, along with the neural circuitry underlying effort processing. The study will employ functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during an effortful mental task, complemented by the collection of relevant behavioral, psychological, physiological,, and brain morphological measures.

Keywords: neuroimaging,psychology,cognitive
Europe's Asian Centuries: Trading Eurasia 1600-1830 (TRADE)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The study of the human past
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2009-AdG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-09-01
End date: 2014-08-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1544667.0
EU funding (EUR): 1544667.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The project brings global perspectives and interdisciplinary methods to bear on histories of industrialization, consumer and material culture. It investigates the key connector that transformed the early modern world: the long-distance trade between Asia and Europe in material goods and culture. That trade stimulated Europe s consumer and industrial revolutions, re-orientating the Asian trading world to European priorities. The twenty-first century sees a new Asian ascendancy: Europe has lost those manufacturing catalysts of textiles, ceramics and metal goods back to Asia. This project seeks to understand Europe s new challenge of Asia by charting the history of that first global shift between the pre-modern and modern worlds. Europe s pursuit of quality goods in the 17th and 18th Centuries turned a pre-modern encounter with precious and exotic ornaments into a modern globally-organized trade in Asian export ware. But ironically the result was Europe s industrialization and China s and India s displacement as the world s manufacturer. The project compares Europe s trade with India in high quality textiles with its trade with China in porcelain using the records of Europe s East India companies and major museum collections of export-ware objects. The PI will research the English East India Company together with a PhD student, and lead three postdoctoral fellows in comparative case studies on other European companies, especially the Dutch, the French and Scandinavian companies. The research is groundbreaking in bringing the study of traded products, material cultures and consumption into economic and global history, and in making economic history relevant to wider cultural history. It has the vision of a history over a long time period and wide European and Asian comparisons and connections.

Keywords: global history history of material culture