Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Towards the Prototype Probabilistic Earth-System Model for Climate Prediction (PESM)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Earth system science
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2011-ADG_20110209, 2011)
Start date: 2012-04-01
End date: 2017-07-31
Duration (months): 64.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2137014.0
EU funding (EUR): 2137014.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

A programme of research is described which will revolutionise the mathematical formulation of comprehensive Earth-System models, potentially leading to a step-change improvement in the reliability of our predictions of climate change, both globally and regionally. This programme of research is intended to make climate simulations more consistent both with the multi-scale nature of climate, and with related scaling symmetries of the partial differential equations which govern climate. This will be achieved by moving away from the traditional deterministic approach to the closure problem in computational fluid dynamics, and towards a more novel description of physical processes near and below the truncation scale of climate models, using contemporary nonlinear stochastic-dynamic mathematics. A detailed technical account of how this will be achieved in given in the full proposal. Leveraged on the proposer's many contacts in Europe and around the world, the aim of the proposed research is to produce the world's first Probabilistic Earth System Model. The consequences are enormous: a comprehensive climate model with reduced biases against observations, a model which will be capable of producing estimates of uncertainty in its own predictions, and a model which can make use of emerging energy-efficient probabilistic processor hardware. key to practical success as we approach the era of the exascale supercomputer. The development of the prototype Probabilistic Earth-System Model will open a new era of international scientific collaboration on climate model development, and has the potential to influence climate policy, on mitigation, adaptation and on geoengineering, a the highest governmental and intergovernmental levels.

Keywords: reliable climate prediction,stochastic parametrisation,probabilistic ensemble forecasting,probabilistic computer processors,input for policy on climate mitigation adaptation,geoengineering
Fluid Silicates at Extreme Conditions and the Magma Ocean (MOLTENEARTH)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Earth system science
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2011-ADG_20110209, 2011)
Start date: 2012-04-01
End date: 2018-01-31
Duration (months): 70.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2498891.0
EU funding (EUR): 2498891.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Partial melting of silicates dominates the chemical evolution of Earth today and was even more important in Earth’s earlier history. The Earth may have begun in a completely molten state, a global magma ocean, with silicate liquid extending from a dense silicate atmosphere to the boundary with the iron-rich core at a pressure of 140 GPa. Deep melt may exist in the Earth today, and the magma ocean may have left signatures of its presence. However, these signals are still uninterpretable because of a lack of basic knowledge of the behavior of fluid silicates at extreme conditions: very little is known of the physics and chemistry of fluid silicates beyond the conditions of ongoing shallow magma genesis (<3 GPa). We propose to solve this problem by constructing a comprehensive thermodynamic model (HeFESTo) of multi-component silicate melting, vaporization, and reaction with iron, and the physical properties of liquid and vapor phases over the entire pressure-temperature range relevant to Earth, including impacts and early Earth processes. To help constrain the thermodynamic model, we will perform new first principles quantum mechanical simulations in the range of pressure, temperature, composition relevant to the early Earth that have not yet been explored by experiment or theory. Simulations will include key homogeneous and heterogeneous systems of fluid silicates in liquid, vapor, supercritical, and solid forms, including simulations of pure phases, and phase coexistence. We expect HeFESTo to change our views of magma ocean evolution and lead to new scenarios of Earth’s earliest evolution. What these scenarios might be is impossible to predict as they will be shaped by still unknown aspects of the physics and chemistry of silicate liquids at extreme conditions, which the MoltenEarth project aims to discover.
Advanced multiscale simulation of DNA (SIMDNA)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Physical and Analytical Chemical sciences
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (ERC-2011-ADG_20110209, 2011)
Start date: 2012-07-01
End date: 2017-06-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1961400.0
EU funding (EUR): 1961400.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The availability of new computers and software is making possible the theoretical representation of DNA, increasing then our knowledge on the behavior of one of the most relevant biological macromolecules. Unfortunately, current simulation procedures present two major problems, which handicapped their use: i) classical force-fields present well known biases, which limit their accuracy; ii) current atomistic procedures are limited to study systems in the range of 100 base pairs (around 34 nm long), while the DNA of the simplest prokaryotic organisms is one billion times larger. The main objective of this proposal is the development of a multiscale simulation technology for the study of DNA, which will cover, with different levels of resolution, but with the same physical roots, the entire range of DNA scales, from nucleobase (Ǻ-scale) to the human genome (m-scale). Our roadmap will start for the development of a polarized force-field which will be parametrized against a variety of experimental and theoretical data. In a second stage, we will analyze a very large number of DNA sequences in different epigenetic and packing states and we will create a MoDEL-like database of DNA trajectories. In a third stage we will derive coarse grained and essential dynamic-based strategies for ultra-fast accurate simulations for medium to long segments of DNA. In the last stage of this project we will develop a new mesoscopic model, which will go beyond the harmonic nearest-neighbors model, accounting for multi-modality, for neutralization-induced deformations, and for changes in DNA properties related to epigenetic changes. Using these models we expect to analyze fine details of (human) genome structure and regulation, trying to reach the connection point between physical properties of DNA, chromatine structure, epigenetic signatures and gene regulation

Keywords: dna modelling,molecular dynamics
NOvel Large-scale InP-Membrane based Integration Technology & Science (NOLIMITS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Systems and communication engineering
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (ERC-2011-ADG_20110209, 2011)
Start date: 2012-05-01
End date: 2018-01-31
Duration (months): 69.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2419002.0
EU funding (EUR): 2419002.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

It is the long‐term objective of NOLIMITS to develop a unique technology, that will provide combined electronic and photonic functionality in a single chip and that will overcome the scale and speed limits in today’s photonic integration technology. Our dream is a technology that will be in every laptop and that will contain photonic interconnects and small but ultrafast and ultra low power photonic processors on top of an electronic IC, that contains the large scale but lower speed memory and control functions. While this is a very ambitious and long‐term objective, it is the aim of NOLIMITS to demonstrate the potential of InP Membranes on Silicon (IMOS) for realising this goal up to a level that large companies can be interested in the large‐scale development of the technology. We believe that this can be done by 5 PhD students and postdocs that will be funded from this project, in close cooperation with three PhD students that are presently working on IMOS‐related technology. NOLIMITS will address the following challenges in two subprojects: • Providing proof of concept for integration of a full set of basic photonic components in IMOS technology on top of a CMOS chip which contains advanced electronic functionality. • Developing and demonstrating the technology for an application where the combination of photonics and electronics brings additional functionality. • Integration of plasmonic lasers in IMOS technology and demonstrating THz switching speeds with very low switching powers, that allow for application in ultrafast digital photonic signal processors with up to 1 million lasers. If successful, NOLIMITS will provide a powerful technology for integrating photonics and electronics at a complexity level that exceeds today’s photonic technology by more than three orders. Such a technology will create a whole field of new application and will become a game‐changer in the world of photonic integrated circuits.

Keywords: large scale photonic integration,generic integration technology inp monolithic integration,silicon photonics,plasmonics
Model-based optimizing control - from a vision to industrial reality (MOBOCON)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Products and process engineering
Countries involved: Germany,Germany
Call:  (ERC-2011-ADG_20110209, 2011)
Start date: 2012-06-01
End date: 2017-11-30
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 3491632.0
EU funding (EUR): 3491632.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

This proposal focuses on the operation of processing units in chemical and biochemical production plants. A new approach, demonstrated recently in the lab and pilot scales as being feasible, is to perform a dynamic online optimization of the plant operating parameters in order to achieve an economically optimal operation while meeting constraints on emissions, product quality and operating limits of the equipment. Traditionally, meeting the specifications on product purity and quality, yield etc. is achieved by feedback control of the processing conditions to set-points determined by experienced operators or by an infrequent stationary optimization. In the optimizing control approach, the main degrees of freedom of the plant are not used to regulate certain variables to set-points but adapted dynamically to achieve an optimal performance In a joint effort by two internationally leading research groups in process operations and in numerical methods for dynamic optimization, we will tackle the main obstacles to the widespread industrial application of this extremely promising approach and will realize: • Increased reliability and robustness of the algorithms and of the overall control scheme • Reduction of the modelling effort and increase of the model accuracy by combining rigorous models with online adaptation • New concepts for human-controller interaction to increase acceptance and performance. Moreover, we will extend the scope of the application of optimizing control to large transitions where discrete control variables are manipulated, e.g. during start-up and shut-down. The robustness and the power of optimizing control and the new concepts for the interaction with the operators will be validated and demonstrated by an application to a very challenging and innovative process in the pilot scale. The approach and the methods are transferable to the broad domain of processes where materials are transformed (e.g. iron and steel, glass, food and beverages).

Keywords: process control,process operations,model-based control,real-time optimization,model adaptation,robust algorithms,operator interfaces,optimization of hybrid systems,reactive distillation
The HI Story of Galaxy Evolution in the Nearby Universe (HISTORYNU)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Universe sciences
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (ERC-2011-ADG_20110209, 2011)
Start date: 2012-09-01
End date: 2018-08-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2500000.0
EU funding (EUR): 2500000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Current radio telescopes have imaged the HI in and around a few hundred galaxies in the nearby universe, but to reach out into the universe to the time when the decline in star formation started will require new facilities. An essential ingredient in the process of galaxy formation and evolution is the balance between the acquisition of gas through merging and accretion and the depletion of gas through stripping and outflows induced by star formation and in some cases active galactic nuclei (AGN). This balance will depend on the environment. The life long gas supply and regulation of this balance will determine what kind of galaxy emerges in the end. The strong decline in star formation density in the universe over the last 7-8 Gyr indicates strong evolution. To be able to understand this evolution it is necessary to assess the balance between the acquisition and depletion of gas in many individual galaxies and many different environments over this period of cosmic time. In less than two years the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT) will be upgraded with a wide field capability using the novel technology of phased array feeds (PAFs) developed in the Netherlands. This system, named APERTIF, will make it possible to survey large areas of sky rapidly to depths covering the last 3 Gyr of cosmic time. This proposal requests funding for harvesting the huge potential of the APERTIF system. It focuses on analyzing the data of a blind, medium deep survey of HI out to a distance of 1250 Mpc (a redshift of z = 0.25) covering an area of ~500 deg2 (or a volume of over 30 million Mpc3) to explore the balance between gas acquisition and gas removal processes in galaxies in different environments. This balance is fundamental to the way galaxies evolve. Primary goal is to obtain a full inventory of this balance and show which processes dominate in which environments.
Picosecond Infrared Laser for Scarfree Surgery with Preservation of the Tissue Structure and Recognition of Tissue Type and Boundaries (SUREPIRL)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: ERC Advanced Grant Interdisciplinary Panel
Countries involved: Germany,Germany
Call:  (ERC-2011-ADG_20110209, 2011)
Start date: 2012-12-01
End date: 2017-11-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2499600.0
EU funding (EUR): 2499600.0
Participants: 3
Project status: CLOSED

The proposed research is based on a recent breakthrough in directly observing atomic motions during structural changes and in studying energy redistribution channels in liquid water on the femtosecond time scale. These studies provided the key insights that drove the development of a new laser concept for direct-drive laser ablation. By judicious choice of laser pulse parameters, it is now possible to selectively excite water molecules to act as a propellant to drive molecules into the gas phase faster than any other energy exchange mechanism or growth of nucleation sites to cause shock wave damage or other deleterious effects. With the resulting Picosecond Infrared Laser (PIRL) surgical tool, proof-of-principle studies have shown that it is possible to produce wound sizes at the fundamental limit of a single cell - with virtually no scar tissue formation. More than an order of magnitude reduction in the wound healing zone relative to the conventional scalpel has been achieved with complete healing. Equally important, the laser ablated molecules remain completely intact for determination of the tissue type. This is the first time it has been possible to drive intact proteins into the gas phase, in a matrix independent manner, for ultrasensitive detection using mass spectroscopy. The prospects for advancing both surgery and biodiagnostics to their respective fundamental limits of single cell precision and single molecule detection is within reach. This proposal represents a well coordinated effort involving medical researchers across a broad spectrum of disciplines to fully explore the applications of this new technology, from minimally invasive surgery with molecular signatures for feedback and on the fly guidance to prevent cutting critical structures, to in situ pathology and cancerous tissue identification, to detection of disease at the earliest possible stage from a single drop of body fluids. Such is the promise of this new technology.

Keywords: picosecond infrared laser,photomechanical ablation,collagen structure,scar formation,tissue recognition,biomarker molecules
Neutron stars as a laboratory for dense matter (NSLABDM)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG, 2011)
Start date: 2011-10-01
End date: 2015-09-30
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Neutron stars are a unique laboratory for testing matter under extreme conditions. The aim is to understand neutron star observables, such as the mass, typical radii, cooling evolution, magnetic fields or rotation, in terms of a plausible scenario for its interior. Over the last years a particular effort has been invested in studying matter with strange content inside neutron stars. To this end our proposal addresses different aspects of dense matter with strangeness emphasizing the systematic and reliable procedure used. This analysis is done in close connection to back-to-Earth experimental programs. Specifically, the properties of hadrons with strangeness in dense matter will be studied within the framework of effective field theories. Effective field theory is a useful tool for dealing systematically with meson-baryon and baryon-baryon interactions. The effective interactions in matter will be then built by incorporating many-body effects. Once known those interactions, the implications for certain neutron star properties will be discussed, such as the equation of state for strange hadronic matter, the corresponding mass-radius relationship, and non-radial oscillations in the presence of strong magnetic fields within the hadronic scenario as well as for strange quark matter and in an hadronic-quark hybrid phase. The ultimate goal is to offer predictions for neutron star observables keeping under control the theoretical uncertainties.

Keywords: nuclear astrophysics,neutron stars,dense matter with strangeness,effective field theory,many-body theory,kaon,hyperon,equation of state,superfluidity,r-modes
Irish Research Council International Career Development Fellowships in Science, Engineering and Technology – Co-funded by Marie Curie Actions. (ELEVATE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Co-funding of regional, national and international programmes
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Ireland
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-COFUND, 2011)
Start date: 2012-10-01
End date: 2018-09-30
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 13519980.0
EU funding (EUR): 5407992.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The Irish Research Council proposes a new fellowship programme called ELEVATE. ELEVATE will assist Experienced Researchers (ER’s) in the development of their research careers: ER’s can freely choose the research topic and host organizations that allow most for professional development. ER’s are required to design, monitor and review an Individual Development Plan, and will have a mentor throughout the fellowship. The evaluation criteria reflect the importance of professional and personal development of the ER’s. ELEVATE will be open to ER of any nationality and residing in Ireland, to undertake a research period of up to two years in a research organisation abroad, followed by a reintegration period of one year in an Irish research organisation. Fellows can spend the outgoing phase in academia or in a prestigious enterprise laboratory, and will maintain their interaction with the outgoing host during the reintegration period. Whilst ensuring that applicants can freely choose the host organisation, the Irish Research Council will actively support applicants in their search for a suitable outgoing host organisation, by making available a novel, internet-based ‘matching’ process. Following 2 calls for proposals, the Irish Research Council aims to award up to 45 3-year fellowships. Proposals will be assessed by international peer-review panels. The evaluation process and criteria are transparent and outlined in applicant and assessor documentation. Special attention is given to the selection and balance of assessors. The provisions in the “Charter and Code” are fully respected. ELEVATE fully supports the objectives of the activity heading ‘Life-long learning and career development’, and other European policies, such as the Innovation Union. ELEVATE fills a gap in current Irish funding opportunities, and will make a strategic impact on the Irish and European research landscape.

Keywords: natural sciences,physical sciences,technological sciences,fellowship programmes,international mobility,inter-sectoral mobility,experienced researchers,career development,life-long learning.