Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Identification of genetic factors which determine host specificity in the wheat-powdery mildew pathosystem (BluGram)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Global Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Life Sciences
Countries involved: Israel,Switzerland
Call: Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships (IF-GF) (H2020-MSCA-IF-2014, 2014)
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 260674.2
EU funding (EUR): 260674.2
Participants: 2
Project status: TERMINATED

Powdery mildew caused by the fungus Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici (Bgt) is a devastating disease of wheat with poorly understood plant-pathogen interactions. Sequencing of the Bgt genome indicated that hundreds of effector proteins are manipulating the plant cell and determining the virulence spectrum of a particular mildew strain. Bgt rapidly adapted to the introduction of the new host species bread wheat, which arose only 8,000-10,000 years ago. Bgt has since evolved into strains which are specialized on domesticated wheat and such which grow on wild wheat species. Genes responsible for the host specificity in an obliagte biotrophic fungus are unknown. To study the mechanisms of adaptive evolution in the highly repetitive Bgt genome, whole genome re-sequencing data of a mapping population derived from a cross between Bgt isolates that differ in their host specialization will be used to determine the frequency and distribution of recombination events and precise mapping of recombination breakpoints. Of particular interest is to study the impact of recombination on the clusters of effector genes. The factors that determine host specificity will be genetically mapped. This will allow conclusions on which and how many genes were responsible for the Bgt adaptation to the bread wheat host. The proposed research is taking a multi-disciplinary approach combining whole genome re-sequencing, classical genetics, molecular plant pathology and comparative genomics. This study will broaden our understanding of Bgt genome evolution and will help to design rational strategies for sustainable powdery mildew disease management.

Keywords: blumeria graminis tritici,wheat,recombination,effector gene,host specialization,plant pathogen interactions,adaptive evolution,powdery mildew
Fitness consequences of chromosome inversion polymorphism in mimetic butterflies (FITINV)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Life Sciences
Countries involved: France
Call: Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships (IF-EF) (H2020-MSCA-IF-2014, 2014)
Start date: 2015-06-01
End date: 2017-05-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 185076.0
EU funding (EUR): 185076.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Elucidating the fitness consequences of genomic innovations and variation is fundamental in understanding the process of adaptation and biological diversity. Chromosome inversions are important evolutionary events often associated with adaptation and cladogenesis. Inversion polymorphism is hypothesized to capture gene combinations favoured under certain environmental conditions, and by suppressing recombination, are thought to facilitate the segregation of co-adapted allelic variations. Nonetheless, little is known about the fitness components associated with inversions, nor their combined effect, be they synergistic or antagonistic, which determine their fate. The proposed fellowship aims to investigate whether inversions capture distinct traits whose combination produce distinct, locally adapted phenotypes, and to determine to which extent recombination suppression carries a fitness cost. The Neotropical butterfly, Heliconius numata, is an excellent model to tackle those questions. This toxic butterfly always displays a high polymorphism of predator-warning colour patterns within populations, with up to seven distinct morphs coexisting within a given locality. This perplexing polymorphism is under the control of a single supergene locus, and alleles associated with distinct morphs are characterized by different combinations of chromosomal inversions. The originality and the evolutionary relevance of the polymorphic mimicry inversions, as well as the availability of both genetic and ecological knowledge in this system, will enable us to significantly improve our understanding of the fitness consequences of inversion polymorphism, and will elucidate how biodiversity can be affected by the interaction of both ecological and genomic factors.

Keywords: chromosome inversions,adaptation,genetic load,biodiversity,polymorphism,butterflies,mimicry,aposematism
Clinical validation of a new diagnostic and monitoring PoC medical device based on quantification of biomarkers in tear fluids to improve the quality of eye health care (eyePoC)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Societal Challenges
Programme: Health, demographic change and wellbeing
Theme: Treating and managing disease
Action type: SME instrument
Countries involved: Spain,France
Call: Clinical research for the validation of biomarkers and/or diagnostic medical devices (H2020-SMEINST-1-2014, 2014)
Start date: 2014-10-01
End date: 2015-03-31
Duration (months): 6.0
Total project cost (EUR): 71429.0
EU funding (EUR): 50000.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

Ocular diseases are not only relevant social, sanitary and economic issues, but also a growing market opportunity in an increasingly ageing population. Ophthalmology is a health care area where the availability of easy to use point of care (PoC) medical devices based on biomarkers is fundamental for improving patient vision care, reducing number and frequency of sick leave and disability due to visual problems and for getting a significant reduction of overcrowding of ophthalmology units at health systems. The use of medical devices able to detect and measure biomarkers in human samples in a fast and non-invasive method will allow the easy introduction of these systems at the doctor’s office, thus enabling diagnosis of diseases in an objective manner and accurately monitoring of treatments effectiveness to be introduced into the standard clinical protocols. The present project is aimed to the clinical validation and market introduction of a device previously developed for ocular surface diseases (OSDs), named Tear Monitor and focused on diagnosis and monitoring of the Dry Eye and inflammation by measuring biomarkers in tears. For this purpose, two European SMEs specialised on ophthalmology establish a collaborative partnership to joint their respective expertises in a complementary synergism to reach the objectives proposed. Horus Pharma, a French pharmaceutical company, specialised on production, distribution and sales of pharmaceutical and biotech products for eye therapy and diagnostic; and Bioftalmik, a Spanish company specialised on biomarker discovery and development of medical devices for ophthalmology applications. This project is crucial for the economic growth and international expansion of both companies and constitutes the base for strategic development in the immediate future.

Keywords: point of care,biomarkers,microfluidic,ophthalmology,ocular surface diseases osds,diagnosis,prognosis,monitoring,tears,non invasive,dry eye,glaucoma
Planetary Terrestrial Analogues Library (PTAL)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Industrial Leadership
Programme: Space
Action type: Research and Innovation actions
Countries involved: Spain,Norway,France
Call: Scientific exploitation of astrophysics, comets, and planetary data (H2020-COMPET-2015, 2015)
Start date: 2016-01-01
End date: 2021-09-30
Duration (months): 69.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1497950.0
EU funding (EUR): 1497950.0
Participants: 4
Project status: CLOSED

A new and exciting era of planetary space exploration started in 2000 with a plethora of in-situ and orbital missions in operation at terrestrial planets and small Solar System bodies. The characterisation of the surface of these planetary objects is one of the major goals of space exploration. In order to support these operations, reduction and analyses of the space mission data, the PTAL (Planetary Terrestrial Analogues Library) project aims to build and exploit a multi-instrument spectral data base and joint spectral interpretation tools. We will determine mineral alteration pathways for natural and artificial terrestrial analogue materials under well-defined and controlled experimental conditions. The impact of varying environmental conditions (e.g., gas pressure, temperature, pH-value) will be tested to better constrain the geochemical aspect of habitable conditions on Mars, the prime target of this project. All natural and artificial rock samples and their alteration products will be characterised for the spectral library with commercial and dedicated spacecraft instrumentation (NIR, RAMAN, LIBS) under laboratory conditions, and where possible on in-situ field campaigns. Both the understanding of alteration pathways and coordinated analyses of the surface of Mars from orbital and landed platforms with new and well-characterised spectral data will allow unprecedented interpretations of the climatic and environmental evolution for materials detected at new landing sites using our well-defined experimental parameter space for deriving conditions and evolution of environment and climate at Mars. Defining and characterising the ingredients for habitability at yet another planet will broaden our conception on the origin and evolution of life on our own planet, and prepare future investigations of forthcoming space missions in which several project members are highly involved.

Keywords: spectral library,mars,small bodies in the solar system
The hormone ghrelin: Is it a key player in regulating performance, fuel metabolism and decision-making in migratory birds? (GHRELMIGRA)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Global Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Life Sciences
Countries involved: Austria,Canada
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2017, 2017)
Start date: 2018-10-01
End date: 2021-05-31
Duration (months): 32.0
Total project cost (EUR): 204430.4
EU funding (EUR): 204430.4
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

Every year, billions of birds cover long distances to migrate between breeding areas and favourable wintering grounds. During migratory flights, birds almost exclusively rely on fat stores as energy source. Avian migration typically involves an alternation between long, exhausting flights and stopover periods to rest and refuel, with consequent changes in foraging behaviour and metabolism. We are just starting to understand the mechanisms regulating these transitions. The hormone ghrelin, produced by the gastrointestinal tract, was recently shown to play a key role in the control of locomotor activity and food intake during migratory stopovers in captive birds. This project aims at identifying how ghrelin affects endurance performance, fuel metabolism, and decision-making in migrating birds. We will address these questions with an innovative approach that combines field and laboratory experiments and make use of state-of-the-art methods and facilities, including a wind tunnel and an automated radio-tracking system. Specifically, we will simulate migratory flights in the wind tunnel to investigate how food deprivation and high-intensity exercise affect ghrelin levels, and in turn how the manipulation of ghrelin levels leads to changes in fuel metabolism. Further, we will radio-track wild migrating birds that had been given exogenous ghrelin to study how the interaction between the hormone and the physiological condition controls actual migratory behaviour. Our findings will greatly expand our current understanding of the physiological adaptations for long-distance migration and provide new insights into the function of ghrelin in controlling energy homeostasis and lipid metabolism in vertebrates.

Keywords: ghrelin,avian migration,physiology,migratory decisions,stopover,endurance flight,wind tunnel
Photosynthetic energy balance, chloroplast integrity, carbon flow and epigenetic regulation of isoprenoid biosynthesis during leaf development and senescence (LEAF-OF-LIFE)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Life Sciences
Countries involved: Italy
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2016, 2016)
Start date: 2017-06-01
End date: 2019-06-11
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 180277.2
EU funding (EUR): 180277.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The methyl erythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway in the chloroplast synthesizes isoprenoids (a class of hydrocarbons) by almost exclusively utilising carbon and energy supplied by photosynthesis in plant leaves. Volatile isoprenoids (antioxidant hydrocarbons), isoprenoid-type cytokinins (plant ‘youth’ hormone), carotenoids (photoprotective pigments), and abscisic acid (plant ‘stress’ hormone) are some of the active isoprenoid end-products of the MEP pathway that play a role in leaf senescence. We aim to quantify and model age-specific relationships between photosynthesis and MEP pathway during natural and abiotic-stress induced leaf senescence in three different plant systems: wheat (a crop), poplar (a plantation tree) and Arabidopsis (the model species for genomics). By combining leaf age-specific chloroplast energy balance estimation through photosynthesis modelling, quantification of carbon demands of isoprenoid biosynthesis using stable isotope tracing and advanced real-time analytical techniques, monitoring plastome and chloroplast integrity, and whole-epigenome sequencing, LEAF-OF-LIFE will (i) develop a versatile quantitative method for predicting leaf senescence trajectories based on the relationship between photosynthesis and isoprenoid biosynthesis during senescence and (ii) identify novel gene cascades involved in epigenomic regulation of the MEP pathway during natural and abiotic stress-induced leaf senescence. A thorough understanding of leaf age-specific changes in energy and carbon demands of isoprenoid biosynthesis will provide a strong mechanistic basis to phenology models of autumn senescence in deciduous trees. Discovery of novel gene regulatory cascades involved in age-specific changes in isoprenoid biosynthesis will be spearheading new research intended to target MEP pathway so as to alter leaf life span (delay stress-induced leaf senescence) in major global crops and plantations.

Keywords: methyl erythritol phosphate mep pathway,leaf senescence,age specific epigenomics,photosynthesis,chloroplast energy balance modelling,isoprenoids,metabolic trade offs
Secure Collaborative Intelligent Industrial Assets (SeCoIIA)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Industrial Leadership
Programme: Information and Communication Technologies
Action type: Research and Innovation actions
Countries involved: Germany,Germany,Germany,Spain,Belgium,Finland,France,France,France,Netherlands,Portugal
Call: Security and resilience for collaborative manufacturing environments (H2020-ICT-2019-2, 2019)
Start date: 2019-12-01
End date: 2022-05-31
Duration (months): 30.0
Total project cost (EUR): 5990240.01
EU funding (EUR): 5989740.0
Participants: 12
Project status: CLOSED

SeCoIIA aims at securing digital transition of manufacturing industry towards more connected, collaborative, flexible and automated production techniques. It fosters user-driven application cases from aeronautics, automotive and naval construction sectors. Collaboration is considered from Organization to Organization (O2O), but also from Machine to Machine (M2M), Machine to Human (M2H) and Human to Human (H2H) perspectives. Enhanced process monitoring, optimization and control is achieved by intelligent use digital twin technology, Industrial IoT, Cloud Manufacturing (CMfg), collaborative robotics and Industrial AI. The collaborative approach triggers a virtuous cycle of growth and innovation, irrigating the full value chain, from very large to very small actors. Now reaching this step requires due diligence to security implications. The transition from hierarchized supply chains to collaborative networks of smart factories opens an attack surface so far never reached. Manufacturing operators are untrained to the manipulation of vulnerable cyber-physical assets. The deployment of smart sensors over distributed shop floors requires time sensitive communication security measures. Enhanced collaboration on manufacturing activities may not safely apply without collaborative security monitoring and incident response. Last but not least, the increased reliance on machine-learning based decision making sets a technical challenge in terms of security assurance and a legal challenge in terms of accountability and law enforcement. These are the challenges that SeCoIIA intends to address through the development of 12 key capabilities which will be assessed in various configurations through 3 ambitious demonstration campaigns lead by pilot users. With 4 large strategic industry players, 4 highly innovative SMEs and 4 highly recognized research centres, SeCoIIA consortium is best suited to achieve enhanced competitiveness and resilience for European manufacturing industry.

Keywords: manufacturing,industry 4 0,collaborative,security,resilience,aeronautics,automotive,maritime,cloud manufacturing,digital twin,artificial intelligence,robotics
ECG patch and diagnostic service center for efficient and accurate ECG home monitoring (HeartService)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Industrial Leadership
Programme: Innovation in SMEs
Action type: SME instrument
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call: SME instrument (H2020-SMEInst-2018-2020-1, 2019)
Start date: 2019-05-01
End date: 2019-10-31
Duration (months): 6.0
Total project cost (EUR): 71429.0
EU funding (EUR): 50000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) takes the lives of 17.9 million people every year, representing 31% of all global deaths. Early recognition and detection of CVDs is crucial for a patient’s chance of survival. CVD can be discovered by prolonged electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring. Unfortunately, the chance to detect cardiac arrhythmias with the commonly used Holter systems is less than 20%. In addition, the delay between doctor visit and diagnosis is long (2 weeks), due to waiting lists in hospitals and a lack of Holter devices and resources for analysis. There is a need for cost-effective solutions for ECG monitoring to enable efficient and timely screening of patients with suspected heart problems. Glanum Medical is a Dutch start-up company developing a small ECG monitor integrated in a patch as a ground-breaking solution that will enable early diagnoses of cardiac patients. This novel ECG patch is accurate, affordable and patient friendly as compared to conventional Holter systems. The company launches a supporting diagnostic service center for centralized diagnosis by cardiologists. Glanum Medical will provide the infrastructure for distribution and collection of the ECG patch data analysis. As such, the company empowers medical doctors to offer fast, cost-effective and high-quality ECG-based diagnosis. Glanum will introduce its ECG patch and diagnostic services in 2019 at the Dutch market as a showcase of their product. The company has the ambition to rapidly scale-up to the EU market and will use the SME Phase 1 grant to identify the optimal business strategy for exploitation of its product and service in different EU countries. The feasibility study includes analysis of EU healthcare systems, reimbursement strategies, stakeholder needs and market acceptance to facilitate large-scale roll-out from 2021.

Keywords: cardiac arrythmias,early diagnosis,cardiovascular disease,diagnostic service,wearable device
Foraging at the Edge of Capitalism (FORAGING)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Consolidator grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: The Social World and Its Diversity
Panel description: Sociology, social psychology, social anthropology, education sciences, communication studies
Countries involved: Germany
Call: ERC CONSOLIDATOR GRANTS (ERC-2020-COG, 2020)
Start date: 2022-01-01
End date: 2026-12-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1999625.0
EU funding (EUR): 1999625.0
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

In this moment of economic and environmental breakdown, an unexpected source of income has risen in global importance: foraging. In Tibet and Nepal, scores of collectors rush to the mountains each spring to collect yartsagunbu – a rare mushroom more valuable than gold. In Siberia, “tuskers” scavenge for woolly mammoth ivory in the thawing permafrost. From Amazonia to Mongolia, artisanal miners extract precious minerals where transnational conglomerates have left. In the US, “Amazon nomads” tour foreclosed shops and sell their bounty online. Broadly understood as practices of collecting, scavenging and gleaning, foraging is a global phenomenon of our times. However, it only gains patchy attention in mainstream debates on conservation and development. What is missing is a conceptual understanding of foraging as a basic economic strategy and a form of socio-environmental entanglement. The objective of this project is to take on this task and develop a political ecology of foraging in the Anthropocene. The project is timely. In the aftermath of the world financial crisis between 2008 to 2011, foraging has gained in relevance around the globe. In an era when the dream of a middle-class life based on a stable, salaried job no longer seems viable, and in places where the welfare state is under pressure, has never existed or has vanished, foraging is often the only avenue to upward social mobility. At the same time, the climate crisis and concerns for the rapid loss of biodiversity are raising the urgency for environmental conservation. To understand the evolving frictions at this interface is highly relevant at this historical moment – both in academia and beyond. Interdisciplinary in outlook but grounded in anthropology, the project will be carried out by an international team of five researchers at the Rachel Carson Center, LMU Munich. Outputs include 2 monograph, 3 edited collections, 3 PhD thesis, 12 peer-reviewed articles, a film and an exhibition.

Keywords: social and cultural anthropology,environmental humanities,political ecology,foraging,livelihoods,capitalism,values,conflict,resources,frontier economies