Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Arithmetic and Quantum Chaos (ARITHQUANTUMCHAOS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Mathematical foundations
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (ERC-2012-ADG_20120216, 2012)
Start date: 2013-02-01
End date: 2019-01-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1714000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1714000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Quantum Chaos is an emerging discipline which is crossing over from Physics into Pure Mathematics. The recent crossover is driven in part by a connection with Number Theory. This project explores several aspects of this interrelationship and is composed of a number of sub-projects. The sub-projects deal with: statistics of energy levels and wave functions of pseudo-integrable systems, a hitherto unexplored subject in the mathematical community which is not well understood in the physics community; with statistics of zeros of zeta functions over function fields, a purely number theoretic topic which is linked to the subproject on Quantum Chaos through the mysterious connections to Random Matrix Theory and an analogy between energy levels and zeta zeros; and with spatial statistics in arithmetic.

Keywords: quantum chaos,riemann zeta function,random matrix theory,diophantine approximation,analytic number theory,quantum ergodicity
Origins of integrability in AdS/CFT correspondence (ADS-CFT-SOLVABLE)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Fundamental constituents of matter
Countries involved: France
Call:  (ERC-2012-ADG_20120216, 2012)
Start date: 2013-11-01
End date: 2018-10-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1456140.0
EU funding (EUR): 1456140.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Fundamental interactions in nature are well described by quantum gauge fields in 4 space-time dimensions (4d). When the strength of gauge interaction is weak the Feynman perturbation techniques are very efficient for the description of most of the experimentally observable consequences of the Standard model and for the study of high energy processes in QCD. But in the intermediate and strong coupling regime, such as the relatively small energies in QCD, the perturbation theory fails leaving us with no reliable analytic methods (except the Monte-Carlo simulation). The project aims at working out new analytic and computational methods for strongly coupled gauge theories in 4d. We will employ for that two important discoveries: 1) the gauge-string duality (AdS/CFT correspondence) relating certain strongly coupled gauge Conformal Field Theories to the weakly coupled string theories on Anty-deSitter space; 2) the solvability, or integrability of maximally supersymmetric (N=4) 4d super Yang-Mills (SYM) theory in multicolor limit. Integrability made possible pioneering exact numerical and analytic results in the N=4 multicolor SYM at any coupling, effectively summing up all 4d Feynman diagrams. Recently, we conjectured a system of functional equations - the AdS/CFT Y-system – for the exact spectrum of anomalous dimensions of all local operators in N=4 SYM. The conjecture has passed all available checks. My project is aimed at the understanding of origins of this, still mysterious integrability. Deriving the AdS/CFT Y-system from the first principles on both sides of gauge-string duality should provide a long-awaited proof of the AdS/CFT correspondence itself. I plan to use the Y-system to study the systematic weak and strong coupling expansions and the so called BFKL limit, as well as for calculation of multi-point correlation functions of N=4 SYM. We hope on new insights into the strong coupling dynamics of less supersymmetric gauge theories and of QCD.

Keywords: gauge theories,integrability,ads/cft correspondence,anomalous dimensions,y-system
Advanced tools for computational design of engineering materials (COMP-DES-MAT)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Products and process engineering
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (ERC-2012-ADG_20120216, 2012)
Start date: 2013-02-01
End date: 2018-01-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2372973.0
EU funding (EUR): 2372973.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The overall goal of the project is to contribute to the consolidation of the nascent and revolutionary philosophy of “Materials by Design” by resorting to the enormous power provided by the nowadays-available computational techniques. Limitations of current procedures for developing material-based innovative technologies in engineering, are often made manifest; many times only a catalog, or a data basis, of materials is available and these new technologies have to adapt to them, in the same way that the users of ready-to-wear have to take from the shop the costume that fits them better, but not the one that fits them properly. This constitutes an enormous limitation for the intended goals and scope. Certainly, availability of materials specifically designed by goal-oriented methods could eradicate that limitation, but this purpose faces the bounds of experimental procedures of material design, commonly based on trial and error procedures. Computational mechanics, with the emerging Computational Materials Design (CMD) research field, has much to offer in this respect. The increasing power of the new computer processors and, most importantly, development of new methods and strategies of computational simulation, opens new ways to face the problem. The project intends breaking through the barriers that presently hinder the development and application of computational materials design, by means of the synergic exploration and development of three supplementary families of methods: 1) computational multiscale material modeling (CMM) based on the bottom-up, one-way coupled, description of the material structure in different representative scales, 2) development of a new generation of high performance reduced-order-modeling techniques (HP-ROM), in order to bring down the associated computational costs to affordable levels, and 3) new computational strategies and methods for the optimal design of the material meso/micro structure arrangement and topology (MATO) .

Keywords: computational materials design,multi-scale methods,reduced-order-modelling,microstructure optimization
Terrestrial Gamma Flashes-the Most Energetic Photon Phenomenon in our Atmosphere (TGF-MEPPA)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Earth system science
Countries involved: Norway
Call:  (ERC-2012-ADG_20120216, 2012)
Start date: 2013-03-01
End date: 2018-02-28
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2492811.0
EU funding (EUR): 2492811.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Only 20 years after the discovery of Cosmic Gamma-ray Bursts from the universe another completely unknown phenomenon involving gamma-rays was discovered by coincidence the BATSE instrument on the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory. Short-lived (~1 ms) and very energetic photon emissions (>1 MeV and later: >40 MeV) were found to originate from the Earth’s atmosphere and were named Terrestrial Gamma Flashes (TGFs). These flashes are the most energetic natural photon phenomenon that is known to exist on Earth, in which also anti-matter is produced. Based on the few datasets available to date we believe that TGFs are related to electric discharges in thunderstorm systems and that electrons accelerated to relativistic energies are involved to produce bremsstrahlung of such high energies. However, it is not known how frequent TGFs are, the altitude range and the spatial extent of their source region, to what kind of thunderstorms and lightning they are related or the implications of relativistic electrons and positrons ejected into space. There is no consensus on how TGFs are produced. All these questions need to be answered before we understand how important they are and how they may affect the Earth’s electrical circuit and atmosphere. The goal of the TGF-MEPPA project is to attack these questions by combining modelling of electron acceleration in thunderstorm electric fields, X- and gamma-ray production and propagation, lightning development with unprecedented measurements of TGFs from three different altitudes: 350 km, 30 km and 20 km to obtain the most comprehensive and detailed dataset needed to make significant advances in the TGF research. I will also perform electric discharge experiments in the laboratory. The goal is to establish a consistent model for the TGF-production and answer the question ‘How common are TGFs?’ to determine their implications for the Earth’s electrical circuit, atmosphere and outer space.

Keywords: terrestrial gamma flashes,lightning,electric fields in thunderstorms,relativistic particles,x-and gamma rays,sprites,remote sensing,vlf waves
Geometry and Topology of Open Manifolds (GETOM)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Mathematical foundations
Countries involved: France
Call:  (ERC-2012-ADG_20120216, 2012)
Start date: 2013-02-01
End date: 2018-01-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 998276.8
EU funding (EUR): 998276.8
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

The purpose of this project is to study the interactions between Riemannian Geometry and the topology of open manifolds. A general question is to find the best Riemannian metric on a given manifold; a related question is to understand the topological consequences of the existence of a metric with given properties. This programme has already been highly successful in the compact case whereas basic questions are not answered in the open case. The key tool which ought to be used in the three items is the Ricci flow with bubbling off, in dimension 3, described by myself and my collaborators. This opened the way to applying Ricci flow to non-compact manifolds and it is a breakthrough which gives a very optimistic approach to some deep conjectures. The study of Whitehead manifolds will open a wide realm of research since results are scarce. This will provide work for quite a few graduate students and for several years. My goal is to make such a significant progress that the subject will become proeminent in Riemannian Geometry. Again, for this the Ricci flow will be an unavoidable tool. Constructing explicit Riemannian metrics with various properties is another goal, which pertains to the same circle of ideas, and will lead to a systematic study of these spaces. This is a new and groundbreaking direction of research. I have already obtained some results in these direction and I intend to go much further and to enhance my national and international collaborations using the grant if accepted.

Keywords: open manifolds,geometric flows,scalar curvature,withehead manifolds.
How the Milky Way Built Its Disk (MW-DISK)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Universe sciences
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (ERC-2012-ADG_20120216, 2012)
Start date: 2013-05-01
End date: 2018-04-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2421959.6
EU funding (EUR): 2421959.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Our Milky Way is a very typical galaxy, yet our position within it makes it a unique object of study: star-by-star we can obtain 3D positions, 3D velocities and chemical abundances. This wealth of information about our Galaxy’s stellar body holds the key to understanding how disk galaxies form and how dark matter acts on the scales of galaxies. Ongoing surveys have recently hundred-folded the number of stars with good distance estimates, radial and transverse velocities and abundance estimates; and this only forebodes the data wealth expected from ESA’s Gaia mission. Yet, practical approaches to extract the enormous astrophysical information content of these data have been sorely underdeveloped. Just within the last year, the PI and his collaborators have pioneered how to construct rigorously both mass density and kinematic maps of the Milky Way's stellar disk from existing spectroscopic surveys. It is proposed here to unleash the full potential of this approach. This proposal builds on the PI's unique track record encompassing both extensive survey data analysis and detailed dynamical modeling, combined with his role in proprietary key data sets for this project. Focusing a group of experienced post-docs and PhD students for five years on these challenges will bring the critical mass in one single place to implementing such a comprehensive data/modeling machinery. The first years of the project will focus on the technique development and applications to ground-based data. The results will tell us how the Galaxy's disk was built and shaped, and will map dark matter in the inner parts of the MW. Such an analysis machinery is also indispensable for capitalizing (astrophysically) on the catalogs that the Gaia mission will provide.

Keywords: milky way,galaxy formation,stellar dynamicx,orbital migration,stellar population,sky surveys
Cognitive Networks for Intelligent Materials and Devices (COGNET)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Materials and Synthesis
Countries involved: Ireland
Call:  (ERC-2012-ADG_20120216, 2012)
Start date: 2013-06-01
End date: 2018-12-31
Duration (months): 67.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2497125.0
EU funding (EUR): 2497125.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

COGnitive NETwork (COGNET) is a new technology platform for materials, sensor and device design that exploits unique and hitherto unrecognised properties of random nanowire (NW) networks. These networks—comprised of metallic or semiconducting NWs connected to each other via junctions with controllably random property distributions—lead to new and unexpected levels of connectivity that are inherently scale dependent, creating opportunities for entirely new kinds of self-organised materials and devices. We propose to establish the ground rules for manipulating connectivity in NW networks. By choosing appropriate NWs and incorporating junctions with the approprate properties COGNET will enable the fabrication of (i) intelligent materials, (ii) neural networks and (iii) memory devices. Sequenced voltage pulse and back-gating techniques will in turn address and manipulate specific junctions or sets of junctions to demonstrate even higher density memory and in the case of neural networks, the possibility synaptic plasticity and self-learning.

Keywords: resistive switch memristor nanowire network junctions connectivity phase change materials
Spectroscopy of Trapped Antihydrogen (HBAR12)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Fundamental constituents of matter
Countries involved: Denmark
Call:  (ERC-2012-ADG_20120216, 2012)
Start date: 2013-05-01
End date: 2018-12-31
Duration (months): 68.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2136888.0
EU funding (EUR): 2136888.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Antihydrogen is the only stable, neutral antimatter system available for laboratory study. Recently, the ALPHA Collaboration at CERN has succeeded in synthesizing and trapping antihydrogen atoms, storing them for up to 1000 s, and performing the first resonant spectroscopy, using microwaves, on trapped antihydrogen. This last, historic result paves the way for precision microwave and laser spectroscopic measurements using small numbers of trapped antihydrogen atoms. Because of the breakthroughs made in our collaboration, it is now possible, for the first time, to design antimatter spectroscopic experiments that have achievable milestones of precision. These measurements require a next-generation apparatus, known as ALPHA-2, which is the subject of this proposal. The items sought are hardware components and radiation sources to help us to test CPT (charge conjugation, parity, time reversal) symmetry invariance by comparing the spectrum of antihydrogen to that of hydrogen. More generally, we will address the very fundamental question: do matter and antimatter obey the same laws of physics? The Standard Model says that they must, but mystery continues to cloud our understanding of antimatter - as evidenced by the unexplained baryon asymmetry in the universe. ALPHA's experiments offer a unique, high precision, model-independent view into the internal workings of antimatter.

Keywords: antimatter,cpt symmetry,baryon asymmetry
Reaction-Diffusion Equations, Propagation and Modelling (READI)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Mathematical foundations
Countries involved: France
Call:  (ERC-2012-ADG_20120216, 2012)
Start date: 2013-02-01
End date: 2019-01-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1542055.0
EU funding (EUR): 1542055.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Our goal is to accomplish a leap forward in the knowledge on propagation phenomena in reaction-diffusion equations, in heterogeneous media and/or non standard diffusion, systems as well as non local interactions. This proposal deals both with the general theory of nonlinear PDE’s of elliptic and parabolic type as well as with the development and study of some specific models. These range from ecology, medicine, mathematical economics and social sciences. Reaction-diffusion models, especially in ecology (for instance those describing biological invasions), feature long range interactions and heterogeneities, whose understanding is a current outstanding challenge. Models in theoretical medicine couple multi-scale phenomena to complex geometries and mixtures of local and nonlocal interactions. Economy is a constant source of new and nonstandard free boundary problems. We therefore propose to bring our expertise in propagation phenomena for reaction-diffusion, calculus of variations and free boundary problems, to treat a large class of these new models. The level of both generality and precision we are aiming at has not, to our knowledge, been reached before. The project is especially timely: on the one hand, the international activity in reaction-diffusion equations and all related topics is intense. On the other hand, the modelling activity in theoretical biology, ecology, medicine and social sciences is experiencing a considerable growth. The PI of this proposal being at the leading edge of both fields, there is a unique occasion to give a new impulse to a domain that is important both to mathematical analysis and to its potential applications.

Keywords: reaction-diffusion equations,propagation,heterogeneous media,transition waves,free boundary problems,ecology,modelling in biology
FaInt Supernovae and Hypernovae: Mechanism and Nucleosynthesis (FISH)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Universe sciences
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call:  (ERC-2012-ADG_20120216, 2012)
Start date: 2013-01-01
End date: 2016-12-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1929075.0
EU funding (EUR): 1929075.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Massive stars of 8-140M⊙ undergo core-collapse at the end of their evolution, leading to a central neutron star or possibly a black hole. Stars in the mass range of 140-260M⊙ have been expected to experience thermonuclear explosions, known in the literature as pair instability supernovae (PISNe). More massive objects will form black holes during their final collapse. If these events lead to ejecta, they will have experienced explosive burning, possibly under the strong influence of interactions with neutrinos. The impact of the most massive objects will enter at the earliest stages of the evolution of galaxies, influencing the abundance pattern visible in the spectra of extremely low metallicity stars, both topics of extremely active research. Apparently one does not observe the abundance yields expected from PISNe, indicating that probably all very massive stars underwent strong mass loss during their evolution and undergo final core collapse. It is still an open issue, whether and how this collapse leads to neutron star formation or black holes (possibly also occurring subsequently), forming as a function of progenitor mass supernova events (SNe), faint supernovae with fallback from the innermost ejected zones (faint SNe), or hypernovae/collapsars/gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) in conjunction with rotation, magnetic fields and highly energetic explosions. The focus of the present proposal is this transition region in stellar progenitor mass and its nucleosynthesis contributions to galactic evolution, linking diverse research fields like nuclear physics far from stability, the equation of state of dense objects, 3D magnetohydrodynamics with neutrino transport, and computational methods. The outcome is of extreme importance in understanding the nucleosynthesis impact of the first stars, the chemical evolution of galaxies and the origin of all elements, including those processes with still highly uncertain origins/sites like the r-process, the nu/p-process or the p-process.

Keywords: supernovae,hypernovae,gamma-ray bursts,low metallicity stars,nucleosynthesis,nuclei far from stability,chemical evolution of galaxies