Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Local Governance and Dynamic Conflict in Developing Countries (GOVERN)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: ERC Starting Grant Interdisciplinary Panel
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2011-StG_20101124, 2011)
Start date: 2012-07-01
End date: 2017-06-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 805089.0
EU funding (EUR): 805089.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This proposal is divided into two main strands. The first strand seeks to understand the effects of local marginal institutional change in autocracies. In particular, we will examine the introduction of local democracy in rural China. Our first contribution is to collect a representative panel of villages in rural China. With this unique data we will examine three main questions: First, we will establish the effect of the introduction of local elections on policies that are determined at the village level: land allocation, tax collection, public good provision and the enforcement of the one child policy. Second, the data will provide a unique opportunity to explore the interaction between formal and informal institutions of accountability by leveraging our information on social infrastructure in these villages. Third, we will determine whether leaders' characteristics change with the introduction of elections. These unique data will also set the stage for examining many other recent policy reforms in rural China. The second strand of the proposal seeks to focus the formal conflict literature to the study of insurgencies, a currently prevalent form of organized violence in developing countries. To capture the basic characteristics of these conflicts, we need models that allow for (i) meaningful conflict dynamics, (ii) a central role for the non-combatant population, (iii) fundamental asymmetry between government and insurgents and (iv) economic transfers and service provision as a strategic ability of the contenders. To reach this goal we will build a series of models whose main contribution to the formal literature of conflict is the introduction of tools from the dynamic principal agent framework. Several building blocks will be analyzed before integrating them in a coherent theory of insurgency from which optimal policy and empirical implications can be derived.

Keywords: local democracy,rural china,social infrastructure,elected versus appointed leaders,insurgency,dynamic contracts
The primate roots of human language (PRILANG)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The Human Mind and its complexity
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call:  (ERC-2011-StG_20101124, 2011)
Start date: 2012-06-01
End date: 2017-05-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1498997.0
EU funding (EUR): 1498997.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

In 1871 Darwin famously wrote that, in his opinion, there was no fundamental difference between man and the higher mammals in their mental faculties. In the past decades this claim has driven much empirical research and, by and large, the evidence supports Darwin’s hypothesis. One mental faculty, however, has been particularly difficult to study empirically, with little progress made until recently: the faculty of language. Non-human primates notoriously do not speak, and are unable to acquire speech even with substantial training efforts. Yet speech is only one manifestation of human language, a complex behaviour based on a number of fundamental processes: coding, inference, and assessments of common ground. This is a proposal to investigate the biological origins of these processes in the different modalities of non-human primate communication and the underlying social cognition. Although primates have little control over their articulators, they are able to encode information using discrete and graded signals, sometimes composed into more complex sequences. The first line of investigation concerns the flexibility of primate signal production, both at the unit and sequence level, in the visual and vocal domain. The second line deals with the question of semantic content, that is, what types of meaning receivers can extract from signals and sequences, and how they integrate signal structure and sequential composition with pragmatic context and signaller intention. The third line of enquiry is to study the biological origins of common ground, including audience awareness and cooperative motivation during acts of communication. Primate social cognition and communication are intimately intertwined, and the overall aim of this project is to empirically elucidate this crucial intersection to provide a deeper understanding of the primate origins of the human language faculty.

Keywords: primate communication,syntax,meaning,intentionality,speech
The Islamisation of Anatolia, c. 1100-1500 (ISLAMANATOLIA)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The study of the human past
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2011-StG_20101124, 2011)
Start date: 2012-01-01
End date: 2017-07-31
Duration (months): 67.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1320788.0
EU funding (EUR): 1320788.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This project studies the transformation of Anatolia from a Christian to a majority Muslim society over the period c. 1100 to 1500AD. Whereas previous research has concentrated almost exclusively on conversion, this study also emphasises the importance of acculturation to Islam, and thus seeks to understand the processes through which Islamic culture took root among the recently converted Turkish as well as Christian populations. Very little is known of the spread of Islam in the region, and the nature both of the religion and culture of Muslim Anatolia is little understood, even though these transformations gave birth to the Ottoman Empire, which played a vital role in shaping European history, and ultimately Turkey itself which remains a dynamic if much debated force in the modern world. This project examines the formation of Anatolian Islamic society through the extensive but largely unstudied literary evidence it has bequeathed us in the form of numerous Arabic, Persian and Turkish manuscripts. Despite work on individual texts, the contours of this literature as a whole are largely unknown, and many works remained unpublished. This project will create a publicly accessible database of the extant manuscripts produced and circulated in Anatolia during the formative period of Islamisation from the twelfth to the beginning of the sixteenth century, containing information on their contents as well as details of place and date of copying, patronage, and authorship. This will also represent a major contribution to the study of the literatures of Arabic, Persian and especially Turkish by providing a repository of reliable information about the early manuscript heritage of the region. The database's codicological information will be linked to mapping software, providing for the first time solid data about the dates and places in which specific texts were circulated, illuminating the intellectual sources for the cultural and religious Islamisation of Anatolia.

Keywords: islamic studies
An anthropological investigation of muscular politics in South Asia (AISMA)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Institutions, values, beliefs and behaviour
Countries involved: United Kingdom,United Kingdom,India,United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2011-StG_20101124, 2011)
Start date: 2012-03-01
End date: 2016-02-29
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1200000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1200000.0
Participants: 4
Project status: CLOSED

Over the past decade, the media, international organisations, as well as policy-making bodies have voiced increasing concern about a growing overlap between the criminal and political spheres in South Asia. Many 'criminal politicians' are accused not simply of embezzlement, but of burglary, kidnapping and murder, so that the observed political landscape emerges not only as a 'corrupt', but also a highly violent sphere. This project is a collaborative and cross-national ethnographic study of the criminalisation of politics in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. Bringing together local-level investigation, surveys and historical analysis, the project will produce comprehensive political ethnographies in sixteen sites across the subcontinent, providing empirical material and theoretical directives for further charting of the virtually unexplored terrain of extra-legal muscular politics in the region. Central to the proposed programme of research are the following interrelated objectives: 1) To further develop the method of collaborative political ethnography by designing, collecting and producing case studies which will allow us to write thematically across sites; 2) To generate policy relevant research in the fields of security, conflict, democracy and development; 3) To produce capability by forging an international network of scholars on issues related to democratisation, violence, crime and support the work and careers of the project's 4 Post-docs. The study capitalises on previous research and skills of the PI in the cross-cultural study of democracy and muscular politics in the global South. All members of the research team have expertise in ethnographic research in the difficult spheres of criminal politics, informal economies, and political violence and are hence well and sometimes uniquely equipped to pursue this challenging research thematic.

Keywords: strongmen leaders,'criminal cultures',concepts of legality/illegality,the post-colonial state,political ethnographies,cosmologies of violence
Boom and Bust Cycles in Asset Prices: Real Implications and Monetary Policy Options (BOOM & BUST CYCLES)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Individuals, institutions and markets
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (ERC-2011-StG_20101124, 2011)
Start date: 2011-09-01
End date: 2017-04-30
Duration (months): 68.0
Total project cost (EUR): 769440.0
EU funding (EUR): 769440.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

I seek increasing our understanding of the origin of asset price booms and bust cycles and propose constructing structural dynamic equilibrium models that allow formalizing their interaction with the dynamics of consumption, hours worked, the current account, stock market trading activity, and monetary policy. For this purpose I propose developing macroeconomic models that relax the assumption of common knowledge of beliefs and preferences, incorporating instead subjective beliefs and learning about market behavior. These features allow for sustained deviations of asset prices from fundamentals in a setting where all agents behave individually rational. The first research project derives the derivative price implications of asset price models with learning agents and determines the limits to arbitrage required so that learning models are consistent with the existence of only weak incentives for improving forecasts and beliefs. The second project introduces housing, collateral constraints and open economy features into existing asset pricing models under learning to explain a range of cross-sectional facts about the behavior of the current account that have been observed in the recent housing boom and bust cycle. The third project constructs quantitatively plausible macro asset pricing models that can explain the dynamics of consumption and hours worked jointly with the occurrence of asset price boom and busts cycles. The forth project develops a set of monetary policy models allowing to study the interaction between monetary policies, the real economy and asset prices, and determines how monetary policy should optimally react to asset price movements. The last project explains the aggregate trading patterns on stock exchanges over boom and bust cycles and improves our understanding of the forces supporting the large cross-sectional heterogeneity in return expectations revealed in survey data.

Keywords: macroeconomic dynamics,asset prices,monetary policy,learning.
European Industrial and RI Interaction and Support Study (EIRIISS)

Framework: FP7 — Capacities
Programme: Research Infrastructures
Destination: Support to policy development and Programme implementation
Action type: Coordination and support actions
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES-2011-1, 2011)
Start date: 2011-06-01
End date: 2012-05-31
Duration (months): 12.0
Total project cost (EUR): 457009.0
EU funding (EUR): 370000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Research infrastructures (RIs) are a pillar of the European Research Area (ERA). The construction and operation of these are funded by the member states and the return on investment will be seen through advances in scientific knowledge and personnel training, but also must be met through an increase in benefit realised from EU industrial engagement in the development of RI facilities. Prior to action being taken, a policy study is needed to determine the scale of support appropriate and the type of support most needed. In this study we intend to quantify the current size and potential for growth of the instrumentation market. We also intend to identify the current bottlenecks in the industrial implementation process and to determine the activities in the process of RI instrumentation development and subsequent industrial exploitation that would benefit most from an EU supported activity. The view from industry of the perceived risks and benefits associated with industrial engagement with the RIs will be recorded so that it can also be taken into account in programme development planning. This study will look into the current means of assessing RI requirements, networking between RIs and industry, access for industry to RIs at the early planning stage, interaction with industry at preliminary stages of technology development, involvement of industry in the R&D phase of instrumentation development and the industrialization of instrumentation supply. We will also assess the suitability of the financial tools available to support European industrial capacity for instrumentation. The evidence for the need and the recommendations on the financial, technological and geographical scope for EU support will be presented to support the development of a new community action.

Keywords: instrumentation,industry,research infrastructures
Sailing into Modernity: Comparative Perspectives on the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Century European Economic Transition (LUPE)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The study of the human past
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2011-StG_20101124, 2011)
Start date: 2012-01-01
End date: 2014-12-31
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 848787.0
EU funding (EUR): 848787.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This research project analyses the economic transition in Early Modern Europe through an innovative and interdisciplinary approach that will employ tools from legal, economic and social history for the comparative analysis of the legal position and the economic treatment of sailors active in the Mediterranean. Since Fernand Braudel coined the expression ‘invasion of the northerners’, the subject of how English and Dutch shipping overtook local Mediterranean powers has been a classic topic of economic history. But due to the poor survival of traditional economic documentation for this period, we still know little about the details of how this happened in practice, and existing debates are stalling because of a lack of detailed comparative research. This project offers the opportunity to move these debates forward by analysing alternative documentary evidence (from judicial and notarial archives), which allows considerable methodological advances through the detailed comparative analysis of the protagonists’ trading strategies. It is a central contention of this project that legal and financial differences in the treatment of crews were one of the crucial factors in the success of northern European economies in their commercial penetration of the Mediterranean, a necessary step in their struggle for global hegemony. A comparative approach to the study of wage controversies in four European economies which had a strong maritime sector – Italy, England, France, Netherlands – will bring new light on the everyday legal cases with which international commercial law was being formulated on the ground, and with an interesting new perspective of the effect of economic activities on the development of legal institutions. These topics have also a strong connection to contemporary issues such as how a mature economy (the early modern Italian) reacted to a structural crisis and the aggressive competition of rising economic and political powers (England, United Provinces).

Keywords: comparative history of european institutions new institutional economic history legal history
Emotional Learning in Social Interaction (ELSI)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The Human Mind and its complexity
Countries involved: Sweden
Call:  (ERC-2011-StG_20101124, 2011)
Start date: 2012-12-01
End date: 2018-11-30
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1498243.69
EU funding (EUR): 1498243.69
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This project will open up new horizons in the study of emotional learning by describing and modeling its role in social interaction. It brings together a novel set of experimental manipulations with two hitherto unconnected lines of research; biology of aversive learning and social cognition, with the aim to answer four specific objectives, namely to identify the mechanisms of aversive learning (1) about others and its dependence on stimulus bound (e.g. ethnic group belonging) and conceptual (e.g. moral and social status) features; (2) from others through observation, and its dependence on processing of stimulus bound (e.g. emotional expressiveness) and conceptual (e.g. empathy and mental state attributions) features; (3) during interaction and its dependence social characteristics as described in 1 and 2; and (4) build and test a neural model of social-emotional learning. To achieve these objectives, this project proposes a multi-method research program using novel behavioral experimental paradigms and manipulated virtual environments, drawing on cognitive neuroscience, psychophysiology, and behavioral genetics. It is predicted that social emotional learning will be accomplished through the interaction of four, partially overlapping, neural networks coding for affective, associative, social cognitive and instrumental/goal directed aspects, respectively. Whereas it is expected that the two first networks will be common to classical conditioning and social learning, the latter is hypothesized to be distinguished by its reliance on the social-cognitive network. The fourth network is predicted to be integral to the social learning through interactions and the shaping of behavioral norms. The proposed research will enhance our understanding of important social phenomena, such as the emergence and maintanance of group conflicts and norm compliance. It will also shed light on common psychological disorders, such as social anxiety, autism and psychopathy that are characterized by dysfunctions of the social emotional learning system.

Keywords: emotional learning,fear conditioning,social neuroscience
Advancing Knowledge Systems to Inform Climate Adaptation Decisions (ICAD)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Environment and society
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2011-StG_20101124, 2011)
Start date: 2012-04-01
End date: 2017-03-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1045000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1045000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Adaptation to climate variability and change represents an important challenge for the sustainable development of society. Informing climate-related decisions will require new kinds of information and new ways of thinking and learning to function effectively in a changing climate. Adaptation research requires integration across disciplines and across research methodologies. Currently, we lack the critical understanding of which kinds of knowledge systems can most effectively harness science and technology for long-term sustainable adaptation. This interdisciplinary research programme aims to significantly advance knowledge systems to enable society to adapt effectively to an uncertain climate. The programme is divided into two domains: 1) Understanding climate information needs across society and 2) The social status of techno-scientific knowledge in adaptation to climate change. The whole programme will be applied to the UK context given the sophistication of existing knowledge systems (such as probabilistic climate scenarios) and the progressive climate policy landscape (that requires public authorities to regularly report on adaptation activities). The first objective will be achieved through a targeted comprehensive survey of user needs across UK society. After mapping a selection of diverse adapting organisations, in-depth interviews will be conducted with 70 organisations. The interview protocol will: 1) explore the adaptation context; 2) assess the credibility, legitimacy and saliency of climatic and non-climatic knowledge systems; 3) assess the impact of uncertainty on decision-making; and 4) assess users expectations of what science can deliver. The second domain will use science studies to examine the construction, mutation and use of techno-scientific knowledge in adaptation to climate change. Ethnographic research will be conducted through in-depth interviews with 50 experts working on the UK Climate Projections 09 and the Climate Change Risk Assessment.

Keywords: knowledge,climate,decision-making,interaction,society,adaptation,uncertainty