Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Semi-Classical Analysis and Partial Differential Equations (SCAPDE)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Mathematical foundations
Countries involved: France
Call:  (ERC-2012-ADG_20120216, 2012)
Start date: 2013-05-01
End date: 2018-08-31
Duration (months): 64.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1705750.0
EU funding (EUR): 1705750.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Semi-classical analysis started to be developed about 50 years ago by the works of Sato and Hormander on micro-local analysis. Nowadays, it has reached great achievement with many applications to different topics in analysis including spectral theory, scattering theory, control theory, and some aspects in non linear equations, by the use of dispersive estimates and paraproduct techniques . The objective of our proposal is to develop new tools and applications in two directions : boundary value problems and connections between probability and semi-classical analysis. We expect to solve basic remaining open problems in the analysis of boundary problems, and to make contributions to develop new links between probability and analysis of partial differential equations. We will focus on four topics : - 1) Dispersive and Strichartz estimates for wave or Schrödinger equations in domains. Applications to the Cauchy problem for non linear waves in domains. - 2) Theoretical analysis of the optimal control operator in control theory. - 3) Analysis of Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm of Metropolis type via PDE's tools. - 4) Applications of probabilistic tools to the analysis of PDE. Topics 1) and 2) are strongly connected to progress in the analysis of boundary value problems. Topic 3) involves a generalization of the classical pseudo-differential calculus. The purpose of topic 4) is to develop a new field of research for deterministic PDE's (and therefore is not in the area of stochastic PDE's). All topics involve geometric analysis in the phase space.

Keywords: non linear dispersive equations,boundary value problems,controlability of waves,analysis of metropolis algorithm
Surface Enhanced NMR Spectroscopy (HI-SENS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Physical and Analytical Chemical sciences
Countries involved: Switzerland,France
Call:  (ERC-2012-ADG_20120216, 2012)
Start date: 2013-01-01
End date: 2017-12-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 3449400.0
EU funding (EUR): 3449400.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

The ability to determine molecular structures from single crystals by diffraction methods has transformed science. However, if the system under investigation is located at a surface, the problem of structure elucidation is largely unsolved. Due to the increasing frequency with which such samples are encountered, particularly in the area of new materials for energy and catalysis, there is a critical need for the development of new methods for structure characterization of surfaces. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy would be the method of choice for characterizing surfaces were it not that the detection limit is far too low to allow many modern materials to be examined. The sensitivity of NMR thus poses the major limitation to surface characterization. We recently introduced a new approach using Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) to enhance surface NMR signals. The project will capitalize on this new concept and develop DNP surface enhanced NMR spectroscopy (DNP SENS) through a series of new concepts to address the following challenges: (i) to characterize materials with surface areas three orders of magnitude lower than currently, specifically to detect surface NMR signals from materials with surface areas of ~1 m2/g, rather than ~1000 m2/g today; and (ii) to determine structure-activity relationships in advanced functional materials, specifically by developing NMR correlation methods capable of determining structure and dynamics of surface species in conjunction with DNP SENS. These objectives require a gain in DNP SENS sensitivity of three orders of magnitude, and we propose to do this through innovative NMR experiments, better DNP enhancements, isotopic labeling, and high magnetic fields. The approaches go well beyond the frontier of current research. The project will yield a broadly applicable method for structural characterization of complex surfaces not previously available by any other approach, resulting in new chemistry and chemical processes.

Keywords: solid-state nmr spectroscopy,surface structure,new materials,nanoparticles,heterogeneous catalysis
Unraveling the mechanism underlying the anti-diabetic action of leptin (LEPTINT1DM)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-CIG, 2012)
Start date: 2012-12-01
End date: 2016-11-30
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is caused by pancreatic β-cell loss. The sole life-saving intervention available to the millions affected by T1DM is insulin therapy. Unfortunately, this therapy does not restore normal metabolic homeostasis and as a result the life-expectancy and -quality of T1DM people is worse than the ones of normal subjects. In part, this is due to challenging morbidities of T1DM, as for example heart disease and hypoglycemia, both of which are thought to be caused by insulin therapy itself. Indeed, owing to insulin’s lipogenic actions, this treatment likely contributes to the ectopic lipid deposition (i.e.: in non-adipose tissues) and extremely high incidence of coronary artery disease seen in T1DM subjects. Also, due to insulin’s potent, fast-acting, glycemia-lowering action, this therapy significantly increases the risk of hypoglycemia; a disabling and life threatening event. Because insulin therapy does not restore metabolic homeostasis, better anti-T1DM intervention is urgently needed. Recent findings in rodents strongly indicate that administration of leptin (a slow-acting, glycemia-lowering hormone) reverses the lethal consequences and many of the metabolic defects caused by insulin deficiency. Because leptin exerts lipolytic action and does not cause hypoglycemia, this hormone represents an attractive alternative and/or adjuvant to current T1DM therapy. Yet, the mechanism underlying leptin’s anti-T1DM action is unknown. Here, the hypothesis that hypothalamic neurons mediate leptin’s anti-T1DM action will be directly tested by assessing the efficacy of leptin therapy in T1DM mice lacking or expressing leptin receptor only in specific hypothalamic neurons. Results from these studies will establish the mechanism underlying leptin’s anti-T1DM action and hence bring us closer to develop better anti-T1DM strategies without the risks of hypoglycemia and cardiovascular disease.

Keywords: l405 metabolism,l502 molecular and cellular neuroscience
Theory of Mantle, Core and Technological Materials (TOMCAT)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Earth system science
Countries involved: Germany,United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2012-ADG_20120216, 2012)
Start date: 2013-09-01
End date: 2019-08-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2720000.0
EU funding (EUR): 2720000.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

I propose to work full time on this ERC Advanced project to predict properties of Earth and technological materials using fundamental physics, spending half of my time at University College London, building a research group, and educating students and post-docs. I compute properties of minerals and melts to better understand them, and estimate properties when data are unavailable. The latter has been important in the Earth sciences, starting with my prediction of the elastic constants of silicate perovskite, the most common mineral in the Earth, before they were measured. This project will constrain properties of major problematic minerals, melts, and aqueous fluids crucial to modelling of the Earth, including equations of state, phase transitions, electrical and thermal conductivity, chemical diffusivity, and viscosity and rheology. This project will concentrate on iron and other transition metal bearing Earth materials, for which conventional electronic structure methods are inadequate. Whereas properties of closed-shell atomic systems and simple met-als can now be computed to accuracy limited only by available computing time, open-shelled systems have been problematic. Standard methods give FeO as a metal, but it is an insulator. My recent work on FeO showing that it becomes metallic under lower mantle conditions is requiring reconsideration of many areas in geophysics, ranging from heat flow from the core to the mantle, and fluctuations in the length of the day. We will apply dynamical mean field theory (DMFT) within an accurate framework and ground state Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC DMC) to compute properties of iron-bearing minerals and melts and their impact on the Earth’s behaviour. We will simulate C-H-O fluids to understand slab dewatering and mantle fluids. We will study useful technological materials and design new ones exploiting their synergy with Earth materials. These projects will boost our understanding of the Earth and develop new useful materials.

Keywords: first-principles,planetary science,equations of state,elasticity,phase transitions,ferroelectrics,devices,active materials,computational physics,electronic structure,correlated materials
Avenues in Probabilistic and Geometric Combinatorics (PROGEOCOM)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Mathematical foundations
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (ERC-2012-ADG_20120216, 2012)
Start date: 2013-05-01
End date: 2018-04-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1376504.0
EU funding (EUR): 1376504.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

We consider problems in geometric and probabilistic combinatorics and discuss some applications to and connections with other areas.One underlying theme of our proposal is discrete isoperimetric relations. On the probabilistic side we discuss applications of Fourier analysis of Boolean functions to the study of threshold behavior of random graphs and other stochastic models, and propose ten directions for this emerging theory. One crucial problem is the study of near equality cases of Harper's isoperimetric inequality. On the geometric side we discuss the relation between the number of (k-1)-dimensional faces and the number of k-dimensional faces for complexes that can be embedded in 2k-dimensions. We also consider metrical and algorithmical problems on graphs of polytopes and Helly-type theorems.

Keywords: combinatorics,discrete fourier analysis,discrete geometry,polytopes,discrete isoperimetric inequalities
White Dwarfs as Tracers of Stellar, Binary and Planetary Evolution (WDTRACER)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Universe sciences
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2012-ADG_20120216, 2012)
Start date: 2013-04-01
End date: 2018-09-30
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2285976.91
EU funding (EUR): 2285976.91
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The vast majority of all stars in the Galaxy will evolve, or already have evolved, into white dwarfs, Earth-sized stellar embers sustained by electron degeneracy, and the study of white dwarfs is essential to many aspects of our understanding regarding the evolution of single and binary stars and of planetary systems. However, because of their intrinsic faintness, the known population of galactic white dwarfs is extremely fragmentary, in fact, we do not even have a complete census of white dwarfs within the nearest 20pc. The aim of this project is to produce the first deep, homogeneous all-sky sample of single and binary white dwarfs. I will achieve this ambitious goal by using the combined wealth of information that ongoing deep surveys, spanning the ultraviolet to mid-infrared, collect for about a billion objects in our Galaxy. My analysis and follow-up study of this new sample will advance our understanding of all aspects of the evolution of white dwarfs by at least an order of magnitude, and will produce answers to a wide range of fundamental questions: * How do white dwarf binaries evolve? * What is the population of Type Ia supernova progenitors? * How many white dwarfs bear the remnants of planetary systems? * What is the chemical composition of extra-solar minor planets? * What is the star formation history of the Galaxy? * How much mass do stars lose during their post-main sequence evolution?

Keywords: none
Cavity Quantum Optomechanics: Exploring mechanical oscillators in the quantum regime (QUREM)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Fundamental constituents of matter
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call:  (ERC-2012-ADG_20120216, 2012)
Start date: 2013-07-01
End date: 2018-06-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2496000.0
EU funding (EUR): 2496000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

In recent years the development of cavity otomechanical coupling has enabled to achieve the quantum regime of mechanical systems in an experimental setting. The present proposal building on these developments and demonstrate mechanical oscillators ability as a quantum technology. It seeks to investigate and utilize coherent coupling of ground state cooled mechanical oscillators for storage of single photons in mechanical oscillators, explore backaction evading measurements, explore quantum dissipation due to two level systems, demonstrate novel transducers and explore an microwave to optical quantum link based on effective optomechanical interactions. The applicant has laid the basis for these objectives within the framework of an ERC Starting Grant (call 2007) that demonstated the methods to achieve the quantum regime of mechanical oscillator. The present proposal seeks to use the ERC Advanced Grant to directly build on the advances of this project.

Keywords: cavity quantum optomechanics,micro- and nanomechanical oscillators as a quantum technology
Controlling Molecular Spin at the Molecular Scale (MOLS@MOLS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Condensed matter physics
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (ERC-2012-ADG_20120216, 2012)
Start date: 2013-04-01
End date: 2018-03-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1998747.0
EU funding (EUR): 1998747.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Because of their internal structure, molecules provide novel functionality not realizable in conventional semiconductor-based electronics. One exciting new possibility is that of spintronics: electronic devices using the electron spin to carry and manipulate information. So far, spintronics has been explored in metals and semiconductors. Magnetic molecules in principle enable radically new approaches in using the spin degree of freedom, but their incorporation in solid-state devices is a daunting task. In particular, the main challenge is to control their spin for storing and reading information. We propose to use electric fields and light for this purpose. Based on our recent breakthroughs in making nanoscale junctions of noble metals and graphene, we will fabricate and study planar spin transistors built up from individual magnetic molecules or nanoparticles. A key device feature is that electrodes are separated by a distance on the scale of the molecular object itself. This geometry allows for in-situ application of strong local electric fields as well as optical fields to modify magnetic states and hence influence the conductance. The objective of this proposal is to study how the electric conductance through single molecules and nanoparticles can be used to probe their magnetic properties and how external stimuli can control them. We will perform proof-of-principle experiments divided into four challenging tasks: 1) Study of quantum aspects of transport through single magnetic molecules and nanoparticles; 2) Room-temperature studies of molecular magnetism on the molecular scale; 3) Measurement of spin-polarized currents through molecular-scale magnetic junctions; and 4) Control of molecular magnetism by local electric and optical fields. By obtaining a detailed understanding of the interplay between molecular magnetism and transport we strive to establish new strategies towards in-situ spin-state control and the development of novel spintronic nanodevices.
From Radio-Frequency to Giga-Bit Optical- and Quantum-Wireless (BEAM-ME-UP)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Systems and communication engineering
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2012-ADG_20120216, 2012)
Start date: 2013-03-01
End date: 2018-02-28
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2470416.0
EU funding (EUR): 2470416.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The majority of the globe's population carries a mobile phone, but with the increasing proliferation of smart phones and tablet-computers the tele-traffic is predicted to grow 1000-fold over the next decade, especially, when aiming for creating the impression of ubiquitous and flawless 'tele-presence' based on crisp, three-dimensional (3D) video with its sense of joy and wonder. For tele-presence to become a reality requires a further quantum-leap from the popular 3G/4G smart phones and tablet-computers. This project will create the link-level enabling techniques of this transformational quantum leap to immersive Giga-bit 3D video communications, relying on Optical Wireless (OW) hotspots and their ad hoc networking. As a result, the Beam-Me-Up project will contribute to job- and wealth-creation in numeorus ways, as exemplified by the often-quoted economic benefits of 3G/4G phones on businesses. From an environmental perspective, flawless tele-presence has the potential of eliminating millions of flights/trips and hence will considerably reduce CO2 emissions, whilst reducing the related business-costs as well as saving precious time for the work-force. However, the transfiguration of the voice-only phone into today's intelligent smart phone was facilitated by a 1000-fold transmission-rate increase, which would result in a proportionally increased power consumption, CO2 emissions and in a soaring energy-bill. Tele-presence based on crisp Avatar-style 3D video has even higher bitrates and energy consumption. These radically new high-rate 3D tele-presence services can no longer be accommodated in the severely congested Radio Frequency (RF) band. Hence the project will create a suite of new OW system components, operating in the visible-light domain and will conceive low-power, low-complexity OW solutions to enable immersive Giga-bit 3D wireless video communications over heterogeneous networks.

Keywords: optical wireless communications,rf communications
Sound-Light Manipulation in the Terahertz (SOULMAN)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Condensed matter physics
Countries involved: Italy,United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2012-ADG_20120216, 2012)
Start date: 2013-04-01
End date: 2018-03-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2180306.0
EU funding (EUR): 2180306.0
Participants: 3
Project status: CLOSED

The interaction of electromagnetic radiation with the mechanical vibrations of solids affects and determines many different physical phenomena. At the microscopic level, scattering of light with phonon excitations is a well known process exploited in semiconductor devices like Raman amplifiers and acousto-optic modulators. At the macroscopic scale, the interaction is mediated by the radiation pressure and is raising considerable interest as a way to excite and control mechanical oscillators, allowing, for instance, the refrigeration of a macroscopic object near the quantum limit. This rich physics has been mostly developed in the visible or near-infrared spectral ranges. The progress of quantum cascade technologies now offers a new device platform where to explore concepts for the reciprocal manipulation of light and vibrations with unprecedented possibilities. The accessible THz spectrum is in fact particularly intriguing. The wavevector of the electromagnetic field can be tuned to that of the vibration, be it a phonon or the oscillating mode of a macroscopic object, enhancing selectivity and strength of the interaction. The low radiation frequency then makes it technically feasible to optically couple mechanical elements at distances much smaller than the wavelength, allowing, for instance, to exploit optical forces between surface plasmon modes atop metallic membranes. Lastly, it is foreseeable to include mechanical oscillators within the laser cavities, thereby creating new laser dynamics driven by the radiation pressure, and developing opto-mechanical effects in an active device where they can be studied, and eventually controlled, through the laser emission. SouL Man aims at establishing the field of THz opto-mechanics, relying on quantum cascade lasers for investigating phenomena and concepts available in this spectral range and in optically active systems, as wells as at using this knowledge to implement innovative device functionalities and applications.

Keywords: optomechanics,terahertz,quantum cascade,surface plasmon,microlasers,semiconductor lasers,strong-coupling,optical forces,mems,nems