Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Network Coding for Wireless Networks (NOWIRE)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Systems and communication engineering
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call:  (ERC-2009-StG, 2009)
Start date: 2009-09-01
End date: 2014-08-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1771520.0
EU funding (EUR): 1771520.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Our goal is to develop fundamentally new architectures for wireless networks that offer the convenience of wireless communication while achieving the performance, predictability and security of wired networks. The wireless channel is inherently a shared medium characterized by limited resources and complex signal interactions between transmitted signals. The question we address is how do we transmit information over wireless and how do we exploit the wireless channel properties to share its resources. Ours is a fundamentally different approach to existing strategies, that builds on new physical and packet layer sharing and cooperation paradigms that we have been working on, to extract the optimal throughput and reliability performance from the wireless medium. These are recent breakthroughs in (i) network coding and (ii) wireless cooperation. Network coding is a new area bringing a novel paradigm for network information flow that enables cooperation at a packet level to optimally share the network resources. Deployment of the first network coding ideas in wireless have already indicated benefits as large as a factor of ten in terms of throughput. Complex signal interactions caused by the inherent broadcast nature of wireless channels, is traditionally viewed as an impediment to be mitigated. Recently it has been demonstrated that one can utilize interference to develop cooperation at the wireless signal level (physical layer) for arbitrary wireless networks. This can give significant capacity advantages over techniques that mitigate interference. Both these ideas can radically affect the way information is communicated, stored and collected, and can revolutionize the design of future wireless networks. In this project we plan to addess several fundamental questions that develop on these themes. We take a complete view of these ideas by not only developing the underlying theory but also through validation on wireless testbeds.

Keywords: network coding,wireless networks,cooperative communications,algorithms
Hybrid Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics with Atoms and Circuits (HYBRIDQED)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Condensed matter physics
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call:  (ERC-2009-StG, 2009)
Start date: 2009-09-01
End date: 2014-08-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1954464.0
EU funding (EUR): 1954464.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

We plan to investigate the strong coherent interaction of light and matter on the level of individual photons and atoms or atom-like systems. In particular, we will explore large dipole moment superconducting artificial atoms and natural Rydberg atoms interacting with radiation fields contained in quasi-one-dimensional on-chip microwave frequency resonators. In these resonators photons generate field strengths that exceed those in conventional mirror based resonators by orders of magnitude and they can also be stored for long times. This allows us to reach the strong coupling limit of cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) using superconducting circuits, an approach known as circuit QED. In this project we will explore novel approaches to perform quantum optics experiments in circuits. We will develop techniques to generate and detect non-classical radiation fields using nonlinear resonators and chip-based interferometers. We will also further advance the circuit QED approach to quantum information processing. Our main goal is to develop an interface between circuit and atom based realizations of cavity QED. In particular, we will couple Rydberg atoms to on-chip resonators. To achieve this goal we will first investigate the interaction of ensembles of atoms in a beam with the coherent fields in a transmission line or a resonator. We will perform spectroscopy and we will investigate on-chip dispersive detection schemes for Rydberg atoms. We will also explore the interaction of Rydberg atoms with chip surfaces in dependence on materials, temperature and geometry. Experiments will be performed from 300 K down to millikelvin temperatures. We will realize and characterize on-chip traps for Rydberg atoms. Using trapped atoms we will explore their coherent dynamics. Finally, we aim at investigating the single atom and single photon limit. When realized, this system will be used to explore the first quantum coherent interface between atomic and solid state qubits.

Keywords: cavity quantum electrodynamics,superconducting quantum electronic circuits,quantum information processing,hybrid quantum systems,rydberg atoms
Uncovering the origins of friction (UFO)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Products and process engineering
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call:  (ERC-2009-StG, 2009)
Start date: 2009-09-01
End date: 2014-08-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1773000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1773000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Nanotechnology is a new frontier in research and new tools must be developed. As surface to volume ratios become large, engineering at the nanoscale will be dominated by surface science. The study of Contact Mechanics at nanoscales nanotribology- needs to fully account for adhesive forces, third-body interactions and deformation mechanisms at contacting asperities. Understanding these factors as well as the morphological evolution of contact clusters has the potential of explaining the origins of frictional forces and wear. This will guide us in the design of tailored-made lubricants and surface morphologies, which, in turn, will help reduce the high societal cost of wear damage. This ERCstg proposal describes a plan to establish a world-leading group in Contact Mechanics at length scales ranging from the atomic to macroscopic scales relevant to Civil or Mechanical Engineering structural applications. Our approach will have recourse to molecular dynamics coupled with the finite-element method for an accurate description of atomic interactions at the contact surface, and of long-range elastic forces. The project is interdisciplinary as the deepening of our understanding of Contact Mechanics will necessitate Computer Science developments. A central objective of the research will be the release of an open, 3D parallel, finite-element platform dedicated to contact applications. The PI will assemble a team of Engineers and Computer Scientists to ensure a successful and perennial diffusion in the European academic and industrial network. The research will therefore explore the origins of friction, a scientific quest of fundamental importance to many industrial applications, and will also create a stable base for sharing scientific-computing resources.

Keywords: contact mechanics,molecular dynamics,multiscale methods,high-performance computing
Integrated quantum photonics (IQP)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Fundamental constituents of matter
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2009-StG, 2009)
Start date: 2009-10-01
End date: 2014-09-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1532400.0
EU funding (EUR): 1532400.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Quantum information science (QIS) promises fundamental insight into the workings of nature, as we gain mastery over single and coupled quantum systems, as well as a paradigm shift in information technologies. It is a pioneering field at the interface of the physical and information sciences of major international interest, with substantial investment in North America, Asia and Europe. The first quantum technology has just arrived: quantum cryptography systems are now being used commercially to provide improved communication security. However, this is just the start of the anticipated quantum revolution that promises communication networks with the ultimate security, high precision measurements and lithography, and processors with unprecedented power. The ability to simulate quantum systems is an important task which could aide the design of new materials and pharmaceuticals, and provide profound insights into the working of complex quantum systems. Low noise, high-speed transmission, and ease of manipulation make single photons model systems for exploring fundamental scientific questions, as well as a leading approach to future quantum technologies. However, current techniques are limited by a lack of high-efficiency components, integration, and single light-matter quantum systems that would allow single photon sources and deterministic non-linearities to be developed. This ERC StG project will establish a major new research direction in Europe for photonic QIS via: 1. Development of waveguide photonic quantum circuits, sources and detectors for on-chip QIS 2. Undertake the next generation of fundamental quantum physics investigations with on-chip QIS 3. Develop `atom&apos;-cavity photonic modules that can be used to generate single photons, entangle multiple photons in arbitrary ways, and detect single photons 4. Integrate waveguide photonics and photonic modules for fundamental QIS and quantum technologies

Keywords: quantum information science,photonics,single photons,quantum technologies
Hybrid Inorganic-Organic NanoElectronics (HI-ONE)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Condensed matter physics
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (ERC-2009-StG, 2009)
Start date: 2009-12-01
End date: 2014-11-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1750000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1750000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This project aims at combining inorganic and organic materials in hybrid nanoelectronic structures for addressing a set of key problems in solid-state physics: (1) the magnetic ordering of 2D spin systems and their interaction with conduction electrons, (2) the coherent transport properties of organic molecules, and (3) reliable electronic characterization of single nanostructures. For all objectives we will integrate top-down and bottom-up (self-assembly) techniques, benefitting from strong collaborations with leading chemistry groups. For Objective 1, we will apply self-assembled monolayers of organic paramagnetic molecules on various substrates. This geometry offers great tunability for the nature, density and ordering of spins, and for their interaction with underlying electrons. We will study (many-body) phenomena that lie at the very heart of solid-state physics: the Kondo effect, RKKY interaction, spin glasses and the 2D Ising/Heisenberg model, addressing open questions concerning the extension of the Kondo cloud, RKKY-Kondo competition, and the relevance for high-Tc superconductivity. For Objective 2, molecular monolayers are inserted in an electron interferometer, allowing a systematic study of molecular charge coherence. We will study how coherence depends on the molecule s characteristics, such as length and chemical composition. For Objective 3 we will attach single nanostructures (quantum dots) by an innovative self-assembly method to highly-conductive, selectively metallized DNA molecules, bridging the gap between nano and micro. A crucial advantage compared to conventional (top-down) nanocontacting schemes is the high control and reproducibility afforded by sequence-specificity of DNA hybridization, enabling a wide range of fascinating experiments.

Keywords: bottom-up electronics,self-assembly
Actuation of Ferromagnetic Fibre Networks to improve Implant Longevity (AFFINITY)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Products and process engineering
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2009-StG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-01-01
End date: 2015-11-30
Duration (months): 71.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1442756.0
EU funding (EUR): 1442756.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This proposal is for an exploratory study into a radical new approach to the problem of orthopaedic implant loosening. Such loosening commonly occurs because the joint between the implant and the surrounding bone is insufficiently strong and durable. It is a serious problem both for implants cemented to the bone and for those dependent on bone in-growth into a rough/porous implant surface. In the latter case, the main problem is commonly that bone in-growth is insufficiently rapid or deep for a strong bond to be established. The idea proposed in this work is that the implant should have a highly porous surface layer, made by bonding ferromagnetic fibres together, into which bone tissue growth would occur. During the post-operative period, application of a magnetic field will cause the fibre network to deform elastically, as individual fibres tend to align with the field. This will impose strains on the bone tissue as it grows into the fibre network. Such mechanical deformation is known to be highly beneficial in promoting bone growth, providing the associated strain lies in a certain range (~0.1%). Preliminary work, involving both model development and experimental studies on the effect of magnetic fields on fibre networks, has suggested that beneficial therapeutic effects can be induced using field strengths no greater than those already employed for diagnostic purposes. A comprehensive 5-year, highly inter-disciplinary programme is planned, encompassing processing, network architecture characterisation, magneto-mechanical response investigations, various modelling activities and systematic in vitro experimentation to establish whether magneto-mechanical Actuation of Ferromagnetic Fibre Networks shows promise as a new therapeutic approach to improve implant longevity.

Keywords: bone,metal fibres,porosity,magneto-mechanical induction,ferromagnetism
Laboratory and modelling studies of ice nucleation and crystallisation in the Earth's atmosphere (ICE)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Earth system science
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2009-StG, 2009)
Start date: 2009-11-01
End date: 2015-04-30
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1664190.0
EU funding (EUR): 1664190.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The formation of ice particles in the Earth s atmosphere strongly affects the properties of clouds and their impact on climate. However, our basic understanding of ice nucleation and crystallisation is still in its infancy. Despite the importance of ice formation in determining the properties of clouds, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was unable to assess the impact of atmospheric ice formation in their most recent report, because our basic knowledge is insufficient. In this proposal plans are described to establish a laboratory dedicated to improving our fundamental understanding of ice nucleation and crystallisation. It is proposed to develop a series of laboratory experiments designed to quantify atmospherically relevant processes at a fundamental level. In work package 1 the role of glassy solids and ultra-viscous liquids in cloud formation will be investigated; in work package 2 the rate at which various mineral dusts nucleate ice in the immersion mode will be quantified; the phase of ice that deposits onto frozen solution droplets or heterogeneous ice nuclei will be determined in work package 3; and in work package 4 the laboratory data from work packages 1-3 will be used to constrain ice nucleation in numerical clouds models in order to assess radiative forcings. The instrumentation and modelling experience gained in this five year project will provide a lasting legacy and open doors to new research areas in the future. As an international hub of atmospheric and climate science, the University of Leeds is a unique and ideal institute in which to bridge the gap between fundamental studies and the cloud/climate modelling community.

Keywords: phase change kinetics. nucleation and crystallisation of ice. cloud microphysics
Powerful and Efficient EUV Coherent Light Sources (PECS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Condensed matter physics
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (ERC-2009-StG, 2009)
Start date: 2009-11-01
End date: 2013-10-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1450000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1450000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The interest in and hence the need for coherent short-wavelength (EUV spectral range) laser sources is rapidly increasing. Potentially, such sources will allow for novel approaches in fundamental science, metrology, imaging, spectroscopy and might even enable new lithographic production techniques. One example is Atto-Science, one of the groundbreaking topics in physical science of the next decade. High harmonic generation (HHG) in noble gases is considered as the most suitable technique to generate spatially coherent EUV light. Unfortunately, the conversion efficiency of HHG is rather small. Furthermore, conventional ultra-short pulse laser sources required for HHG are limited in average power due to thermo-optical problems, therefore, the resulting EUV radiation is characterized by an extremely low number of photons per unit time (average power). Consequently, all the applications of EUV radiation suffer from the lack of powerful coherent light sources in this interesting spectral range, which results extremely long integration or processing times. Ultimately this lack of power make current EUV sources be considered as laboratory curiosities without any relevance for real world applications. The goal of the proposed project is to investigate novel methods to increase the efficiency and the average output power of HHG based EUV light sources. Of outmost importance is the development of efficient, compact and powerful (&gt;3 kW average power) high peak power (&gt;100 MW) ultra-short pulse (&lt;200 fs) laser systems to drive the HHG process. Fiber based amplifiers have the potential to fulfil this parameter range in a compact und ultra-stable manner allowing the generation of EUV radiation outside a specially protected laboratory environment. In summary, the goal of the proposed project is the development of efficient and powerful tailored, meaning application-oriented, EUV light sources.

Keywords: solid-state lasers,fiber based laser,ultra-fast lasers,high-field physics,high harmonic generation,euv spectral range
First principle chemical kinetics in nanoporous materials (KINPOR)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: ERC Starting Grant Interdisciplinary Panel
Countries involved: Belgium
Call:  (ERC-2009-StG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-01-01
End date: 2014-12-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1150000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1150000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The design of an optimal catalyst for a given process is at the heart of what chemists do, but is in many times more an art than a science. The quest for molecular control of any, either existing or new, production process is one of the great challenges nowadays. The need for accurate rate constants is crucial to fulfil this task. Molecular modelling has become a ubiquitous tool in many fields of science and engineering, but still the calculation of reaction rates in nanoporous materials is hardly performed due to major methodological bottlenecks. The aim of this proposal is the accurate prediction of chemical kinetics of catalytic reactions taking place in nanoporous materials from first principles. Two types of industrially important nanoporous materials are considered: zeotype materials including the standard alumino-silicates but also related alumino-phosphates and the fairly new Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs). New physical models are proposed to determine: (i) accurate reaction barriers that account for long range host/guest interactions and (ii)the preexponential factor within a harmonic and anharmonic description, using cluster and periodic models and by means of static and dynamic approaches. The applications are carefully selected to benchmark the influence of each of the methodological issues on the final reaction rates. For the zeotype materials, reactions taking place during the Methanol-to-Olefin process (MTO) are chosen. A typical MTO catalyst is composed of an inorganic cage with essential organic compounds interacting as a supramolecular catalyst. For the hybrid materials, firstly accurate interaction energies between xylene based isomers and MOF framework, will be determined. The outcome serves as a step-stone for the study of oxidation reactions. This proposal creates perspectives for the design of tailor made catalyst from the molecular level.

Keywords: nanoporous materials