Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
MCBD (MULTI-CORE BIOPSY DEVICE) INNOVATIVE BIOPSY TECHNOLOGY FOR THE NEW ERA OF TARGETED MEDICINE (MCBD)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Industrial Leadership
Programme: Innovation in SMEs
Action type: SME instrument
Countries involved: Israel
Call: SME instrument (H2020-SMEInst-2018-2020-2, 2019)
Start date: 2019-10-01
End date: 2023-01-31
Duration (months): 40.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2290000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1603000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Biopsy is a commonly used medical procedure for the diagnosis and characterization of cancer and other diseases. Traditionally, the tissue obtained is preserved by formalin fixation, embedded in paraffin, sectioned to thin tissue layers, and then analysed histologically under the microscope to evaluat overall tissue morphology. Current advancement in biomedicine makes it possible for greater use of molecular technologies. These technologies, allow for analysis of change in biomolecules (biomarkers) during cancer progression rather than tissue morphology alone. Laboratory analysis of biomarkers require tissue to be fresh (or fresh frozen) and rather not be preserved by formalin. In order to yield viable biomarker analysis tissue must be frozen as soon as possible because biomarkers are extremely sensitive to degradation. Current biopsy devices are not designed to meet these challenges of rapid freezing as a replacement to formalin fixation. We, at Sorek Medical Systems Ltd., a 16-year-old R&D company based in Israel, developed two biopsy devices that automatically split the tissue sample in two during biopsy acquisition. Our technology allows chemical standard formalin fixation for histology. Sorek’s devices will be used by radiologists and surgeons, and by pharmaceutical companies seeking the development of biomarker-targeting drugs with the goal of improving personalized medicine and improving early diagnosis for breast, lung, chest, prostate, and other organs’ cancer disease. Our CryoBiopsy Phase 2 project will allow us to test and validate our devices which will require € 2.8 million investment. Our financial forecast show that after five-year commercialization we will generate a cumulative revenues of €57 million and will create 20 positions which will include engineers, technicians and our own sales personnel

Keywords: biopsy,formalin fixation,embedded in paraffin,biomarkers,histology
The Inverse Problem for Topological Materials, towards new topologies and new functionalities in real settings (IPTM)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Physics
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2020, 2020)
Start date: 2022-01-01
End date: 2024-01-23
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 224933.76
EU funding (EUR): 224933.76
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

The recent classification of symmetry-indicated band structure topologies for all crystallographic structures has led to the prediction that one third of all materials are topological. We are thus at a very exciting crossroad where the theory of topological materials (TM) is gaining enough maturity to transform material science, opening the way to real settings and potential long term applications. There are however key challenges remaining for the building of efficient topological quantum devices. Indeed, little is known on the microscopic origin of topology in TM because (i) the general analytical conditions for nontrivial topology is unknown even for simple tight-binding models, (ii) there is a big jump in complexity towards the modeling of real materials (including all sub-lattices, orbitals, and spins), and (iii) the quantum interactions are hidden in the effective one-body (tight-binding) parameters. The aim of this “Inverse Problem for Topological Materials” (IPTM) proposal is to address these issues concretely and practically; (A) by establishing the inverse map for generic few-band lattice models, and then by refining to the most representative crystalline symmetric structures; (B) by establishing the inverse map in real settings through the state-of-the-art modeling of (families of) real materials from the combination of first principles computational results (Density Function Theory and optimized wannierization) and with lattice models systematically derived from group theory; (C) by extracting the contributions of the quantum interactions (electron-electron, electron-phonon, exchange) to the microscopic tight-binding parameters. Aiming at a fundamental understanding of topology in materials, this proposal aims to culminate in the prediction of completely new physics and functionalities, allowing the design of future quantum technology. Consequently this timely action is anticipated to start a new chapter in this active and impactful branch of science.

Keywords: electronic band structure theory,first principle modeling of materials,classification of topological phases of matter,group and representation theory for crystals,applied algebraic topology
Looking West: the European Socialist regimes facing pan-European cooperation and the European Community (PanEur1970s)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: The study of the human past
Panel description: Archaeology, history and memory
Countries involved: Italy
Call: ERC Advanced Grant (ERC-2014-ADG, 2014)
Start date: 2015-10-01
End date: 2020-09-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1811200.0
EU funding (EUR): 1811200.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The project investigates the European Socialist regimes’ expectations and predicaments vis-à-vis the opening of a space of pan-European cooperation in the long 1970s. Against the background of East-West détente and incipient globalization, the Socialist élites had to work out complex ideological, economic, and political issues originating from their attempts at integrating in the world economy, deepening their rapprochement with Western Europe and dealing with the commercial giant next door, the EC. We intend to provide the first historical appraisal of the late Socialist élites’ views of their countries’ place and prospects in an emerging space of trans-European connections that presented them with new patterns of exchange and potential regional integration while challenging existing configurations of stability, political control and ideological self-legitimization. The project intertwines international and economic history approaches to provide a dynamic portrait of the Socialist élites’ paradigms, goals and constraints in envisioning interdependence with Western Europe and cooperation with the EC. In order to map the debate within each European socialist country, our focus will be not only on the ruling party but also on state bureaucracy, experts and academics, trade unions, managers, and the official press. Our research will thus rely on a variety of primary sources originated by these actors. Our study aims at linking the usually separate scholarships on Eastern and Western Europe and broadening the scope of integration historiography beyond the EC experience, bringing the outsiders’ perspective in. It will shed new light on the long-term paths of European integration and the antecedents to EU enlargement to Eastern Europe. The PI will lead a team of experts on Socialist countries and historians of Western Europe’s integration, whose close collaboration is the key to the conceptual development of a broader history of European co-operation.

Keywords: european integration,east west relations
Re-fashioning the Renaissance: Popular Groups, Fashion and the Material and Cultural Significance of Clothing in Europe, 1550-1650 (RE-FASHIONING)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Consolidator grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Cultures and cultural production
Panel description: Literary studies, cultural studies, study of the arts, philosophy
Countries involved: Finland,Denmark
Call: ERC Consolidator Grant (ERC-2016-COG, 2016)
Start date: 2017-04-01
End date: 2022-09-30
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1999854.0
EU funding (EUR): 1999854.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

This study of Renaissance dress offers a better understanding of how fashion developed at popular levels of society in Europe, 1550-1650. Drawing on documentary, visual and material evidence, it investigates fundamental questions relating to the transformation of fashion that will shed light on popular taste, dissemination, transformation and adaption of fashion, on imitation and meaning, and on changing cultural attitudes to dress among popular groups. The central goal of the project is to develop a new methodology that combines my previous experience of empirical research and theoretical models with the tradition of textile analysis and costume conservation. This involves experimenting with a range of techniques, including technical analysis of textiles, dye- and fibre analysis, and the reconstruction and visualization of historical fashions using both 16th-century recipes as well as modern digital tools such as 3D printing and digital reconstruction. This framework of dress and textile history at both scientific and experimental levels helps me to provide a more comprehensive interpretation of the value, variations, and material experiences that were associated with dress and dressing in the Renaissance, and to develop methodologies that allow us to explore new ways in which narratives from historical documents, books, images, and material objects can be created. The new historical knowledge and methodologies built during the ERC will lead to the ultimate theoretical objective of the project –to rethink the scientific foundation and theory of dress studies within the ‘new materialist’ framework. By creating a material-based approach and methodologies to the study of fashion in the context of popular groups, my research will not only build new horizons for the study of popular dress and its material and cultural significance in the Renaissance, but it will also create a theoretical model that challenges dress historians to go beyond semiotic analysis of dress.

Keywords: dress,popular fashion,renaissance,early modern,experimental research
Improving Drought Resistance in Crops and Arabidopsis (IDRICA)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Consolidator grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering
Panel description: Biotechnology using all organisms, biotechnology for environment and food applications, applied plant and animal sciences, bioengineering and synthetic biology, biomass and biofuels, biohazards
Countries involved: Spain
Call: ERC Consolidator Grant (ERC-2015-CoG, 2015)
Start date: 2016-11-01
End date: 2022-10-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2000000.0
EU funding (EUR): 2000000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Drought is the first cause of agricultural losses globally, and represents a major threat to food security. Currently, plant biotechnology stands as the most promising strategy to produce crops capable of producing high yields in fed rain conditions. From the study of whole-plants, the main underlying mechanism for responses to drought stress has been uncovered, and multiple drought resistance genes have been engineered into crops. So far, plants with enhanced drought resistance displayed reduced crop yield, which imposes the search of novel approaches to uncouple drought resistance from plant growth. Our laboratory has recently shown, for the first time, that the receptors of Brassinosteroid hormones use cell-specific pathways to allocate different developmental responses during root growth. In particular, we have found that cell-specific components of the stem cell niche have the ability to control cellular responses to stress to promote stem renewal to ensure root growth. Additionally, we have also found that BR mutants are resistant to drought, together opening an exceptional opportunity to investigate the mechanisms that confer drought resistance with cellular specificity in plants. In this project, we will use Brassinosteroid signaling in the Arabidopsis root to investigate the mechanism for drought stress resistance in plant and to design novel molecules able to confer resistance to the drought stress. Finally, we will translate our research results and tools into Sorghum bicolor (Sorghum), a crop cereal of paramount importance in fed rain regions of the planet. Our research will impact in science, providing new avenues for the study of hormone signaling in plants, and in society, by providing sustainable solutions for enhance crop production in limiting water environments.

Keywords: arabidopsis,crops,shorgum,brassinosteorid,signaling,receptors,root,drought,hydrotropism,systematic phenotyping,agrochemicals,transcriptomics
Cyanated macrocycles for electron and ion transport (CYMEIT)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Chemistry
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2017, 2017)
Start date: 2018-09-01
End date: 2020-08-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 183454.8
EU funding (EUR): 183454.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The aim of the proposed project is to develop redox-active macrocycles for excellent electron and ion transporting materials. Such mixed ionic-electronic conductors are important for various state-of-the-art applications, for example organic battery electrodes, electrochemical transistors, electrochromic devices, and light-emitting electrochemical cells. So far, macrocycles are considerably underexplored regarding these applications; important aspects such as straightforward synthesis and self-assembly are usually not taken into account. The proposed project is going to change this by introducing new molecular design concepts; thereby, the project is expected to yield macrocycles with excellent electron and ion transport properties and to attract significant attention to macrocycles regarding the above mentioned applications. Cyanated paracyclophanetetraenes and related compounds with different aromatic units are selected as the target materials. Such fully unsaturated shape-persistent macrocycles often feature desirable properties, due to their strain and low conformational flexibility. Regarding the aim of electron transport, it is particularly useful that the macrocyclic structure facilitates intermolecular contacts and charge transport. Regarding the aim of ion transport, the potential self-assembly of shape-persistent macrocycles into tubular superstructures is encouraging as such structures can provide channels for the transport of ions. The specific objectives of the project are (i) the development and optimization of syntheses towards cyanated paracyclophanetetraenes using model compounds, (ii) the preparation of these cyanated macrocycles and related compounds with different aromatic units, and (iii) the investigation of their redox and self-assembly properties as well as the demonstration of their excellent electron and ion transport properties in devices such as transistors and batteries.

Keywords: shape persistent macrocycles,fully unsaturated macrocycles,redox active materials,mixed ionic electronic conductors
Emerging Simplex ORigins In ALS (EScORIAL)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Consolidator grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Panel description: Medical technologies and tools for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of human diseases, therapeutic approaches and interventions, pharmacology, preventative medicine, epidemiology and public health, digital medicine
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call: ERC Consolidator Grant (ERC-2017-COG, 2017)
Start date: 2018-07-01
End date: 2023-06-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1980434.0
EU funding (EUR): 1980434.0
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

My aim is to understand the exact genetic contribution in every patient with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), a lethal disease with a life time risk of 0.3% and an urgent unmet therapeutic need. I have recently shown a disproportionate large contribution from low-frequency genetic variants in ALS. ALS is not simply a collection of unique rare diseases with a monogenetic cause nor is it a diagnostic continuum with a complex contribution of thousands of small effect factors. ALS is in-between, which I call “simplex”, where in each patient a few, considerably strong genetic factors with or without environmental factors are at play. ALS mutations are characterized by reduced penetrance, variable clinical expressivity, have specific pleiotropic clinical features and interact with environmental factors. These phenomena are unexplained, but provide me with important and new opportunities in order to unravel the clinical, genetic and biological heterogeneity in ALS. I have created new research fields to go an important step beyond the state of the art: Splitting by lumping uses novel machine learning algorithms to reclassify patients using clinical pleiotropic features, environmental factors and blood epigenetic profiles to identify novel ALS mutations. Imaging genomics overlays patterns in ALS-associated brain morphology on MRI with brain gene-expression patterns to find ALS mutations. ALS risk in 3D integrates data on three-dimensional folding of DNA with genetic data to identify causal mutations and mutation-to-mutation interaction. ALS genomic modifiers in 3D identifies modifiers of C9orf72 mutations through the development of cellular reporter assays and CRISPR-Cas9 based screens. Genomic findings are translated using cellular models which can be used for targeted and unbiased drug screens. If successful, my approaches can be applied beyond the scope of this ERC and will have a clear impact on clinical trial design and genetic counselling in ALS in particular.
Economic Fluctuations, Productivity Growth and Stabilization Policies: A Keynesian Growth Perspective (KEYNESGROWTH)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Panel description: Economics, finance and management
Countries involved: Spain
Call: ERC Starting Grant (ERC-2019-STG, 2019)
Start date: 2020-01-01
End date: 2024-12-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 537000.0
EU funding (EUR): 537000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

The macroeconomic literature has traditionally separated the study of business cycles from the analysis of long-run productivity growth. Yet, the interactions between economic fluctuations, productivity growth and stabilization policies are well present in the policy debate, especially since the start of the Great Recession. In this proposal, I will develop a Keynesian growth framework to study business cycles and growth in a unified theory. The framework combines the Keynesian insight that fluctuations might be driven by changes in aggregate demand, with the notion, developed by the endogenous growth literature, that productivity growth is the result of firms’ investment in innovation. In part I, I will develop a novel Keynesian growth model with heterogeneous firms, in the spirit of the state-of-the-art quantitative endogenous growth literature. I will use the framework to study the impact of monetary and fiscal policy on productivity growth; to understand the behavior of productivity during large recessions triggered by financial crises, such as the recent Great Recession; and to investigate the possibility that pessimistic expectations might give rise to periods of stagnation. In part II, I will provide an open economy Keynesian growth model, able to capture the interactions between monetary policy, capital flows and productivity growth. I will use the framework to explain why the inception of the euro was associated with a sharp increase in capital flows across its member countries, and with stagnant productivity growth in countries recipients of capital inflows. In part III, I will test the hypothesis, at the heart of the Keynesian growth framework, that productivity growth responds to business cycle fluctuations and to monetary and fiscal policy interventions. To this end, I will estimate the empirical response of productivity growth to policy and business cycle shocks, both in the United States and in a panel of advanced economies.

Keywords: business cycles,productivity growth,monetary policy,fiscal policy,international macroeconomics,innovation,heterogeneous firms,monetary union
Exploring the nucleation of large earthquakes: cascading and unpredictable or slowly driven and forecastable (PRESEISMIC)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Earth system science
Panel description: Physical geography, geology, geophysics, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, climatology, cryology, ecology, global environmental change, biogeochemical cycles, natural resources management
Countries involved: France,France
Call: ERC Starting Grant (ERC-2018-STG, 2018)
Start date: 2019-01-01
End date: 2024-12-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1499545.0
EU funding (EUR): 1499545.0
Participants: 2
Project status: SIGNED

How do earthquakes begin? Answering this question is essential to understand fault mechanics but also to determine our ability to forecast large earthquakes. Although it is well established that some events are preceded by foreshocks, contrasting views have been proposed on the nucleation of earthquakes. Do these foreshocks belong to a cascade of random failures leading to the mainshock? Are they triggered by an aseismic nucleation phase in which the fault slips slowly before accelerating to a dynamic, catastrophic rupture? Will we ever be able to monitor and predict the slow onset of earthquakes or are we doomed to observe random, unpredictable cascades of events? We are currently missing a robust tool for quantitative estimation of the proportion of seismic versus aseismic slip during the rupture initiation, cluttering our attempts at understanding what physical mechanisms control the relationship between foreshocks and the onset of large earthquakes. The current explosion of available near-fault ground-motion observations is an unprecedented opportunity to capture the genesis of earthquakes along active faults. I will develop an entirely new method based a novel data assimilation procedure that will produce probabilistic time-dependent slip models assimilating geodetic, seismic and tsunami datasets. While slow and rapid fault processes are usually studied independently, this unified approach will address the relative contribution of seismic and aseismic deformation. The first step is the development of a novel probabilistic data assimilation method providing reliable uncertainty estimates and combining multiple data types. The second step is a validation of the method and an application to investigate the onset of recent megathrust earthquakes in Chile and Japan. The third step is the extensive, global use of the algorithm to the continuous monitoring of time-dependent slip along active faults providing an automated detector of the nucleation of earthquakes.

Keywords: earthquake nucleation,foreshocks,slow slip,seismic waves,insar,tsunami