Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Memory of empire: the post-imperial historiography of late Antiquity (MEPIHLA)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The study of the human past
Countries involved: Belgium
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111124, 2012)
Start date: 2013-01-01
End date: 2017-12-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1446600.0
EU funding (EUR): 1446600.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The current project aims at offering the first comprehensive interpretation and reconstruction of the historiographical traditions in the Mediterranean from the fourth to the eighth centuries AD, the crucial transitional period from Antiquity to the Middle Ages. In particular, it advances the hypothesis that the historiography of this period should be understood as ‘post-imperial’, in the sense that the literary, cultural, religious and political traditions of the Roman Empire remained the point of reference at a time when that empire had, by the seventh century, lost its grip on the West and large portions of the East. New realities were thus still understood within a traditional framework and described with long-lived categories – a situation that generated fundamental tensions within late ancient historiography but also spurred great creativity in the genre. In order to be able to test this hypothesis, the project will make new sources available (especially regarding fragmentary Early Byzantine, Syriac, and late Latin historiography), increase the accessibility of existing sources through the creation of an online database, and explore different philological methodologies and interpretative models through a series of specifically targeted studies. Emphasing the shared cultural heritage instead of cultural and political fragmentation, the interpretation will especially focus on the continuation of the rhetorical tradition in late Antiquity, the incarnation of meaning in geographical space, and intercultural contacts across the Mediterranean. It thus hopes not only to establish a new paradigm for our understanding of late antique historiography but also set the study of this field on an improved methodological footing.

Keywords: late antiquity,oriental languages (syriac,armenian,arabic),history of rhetoric,concepts of space,intercultural contacts.
High Brightness Semiconductor Laser Sources for Space Applications in Earth Observation (BRITESPACE)

Framework: FP7 — Cooperation
Programme: Space
Destination: Strengthening the foundations of Space science and technology
Action type: Collaborative project
Countries involved: Spain,France,Germany,United Kingdom,Germany,Spain
Call:  (FP7-SPACE-2012-1, 2012)
Start date: 2012-12-01
End date: 2016-02-29
Duration (months): 39.0
Total project cost (EUR): 3093151.6
EU funding (EUR): 1995040.0
Participants: 6
Project status: CLOSED

The availability of suitable laser sources is one of the key issues for the development of active optical instruments in future earth observation missions. The main objective of this project is to demonstrate the feasibility of a semiconductor based laser source to be used as a laser transmitter in a Differential- Absorption LIDAR (DIAL) system for the observation and monitoring of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The basic building block of the project is a monolithic Master Oscillator Power Amplifier (MOPA) consisting of a frequency stabilized Distributed Feedback (DFB) Master Oscillator (MO) and a multi-section tapered semiconductor Power Amplifier (PA). The required on-, off-line laser wavelengths will be generated in the DFB section and amplified and modulated in the PA section. The device will be fabricated, mounted in a module with the beam forming optics and completed with the stabilization and control electronics. The entire laser source will be designed so that it can be used as the transmitter unit of a Random Modulated CW LIDAR system enabling measurements of the atmospheric CO2 concentration by Integrated-Path Differential-Absorption (IPDA) LIDAR with no signal ambiguity over a distance of 30 km and accuracy in distance determination better than 10 m. As a proof of concept, the CO2 concentration along a 2-3 km test path will be measured on ground and compared with the results provided by an existing DIAL system. For the DIAL test, the receiver unit will be developed in addition. The achievement of the project objectives should provide a substantial progress in the availability of compact, and highly efficient laser sources for the detection and monitoring of greenhouse gases in future earth observation missions and therefore to improve the position of Europe in this field. In a more general context the project will pave the way of using high brightness semiconductor lasers in space applications requiring simultaneously high power, beam quality

Keywords: high brightness lasers,differential absorption,lidar,semiconductor lasers,earth observation,laser sources
Behavioral Theory and Economic Applications (BEHAVIORAL THEORY)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Individuals, institutions and markets
Countries involved: Hungary,Germany
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111124, 2012)
Start date: 2012-11-01
End date: 2018-10-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1275448.0
EU funding (EUR): 1275448.0
Participants: 3
Project status: CLOSED

This proposal outlines projects to develop robust and portable theories studying the impact of psychological phenomena in economic settings. The proposed work falls in three broad research agendas. My first main agenda is to formally model and economically apply a simple observation: that when people make decisions, they do not focus equally on all attributes of their available options, and overweight the attributes they focus on. I will build a set of portable models of focusing in attribute-based choice and risky choice based on the idea that a person focuses more on attributes in which her options differ more. I will also use the framework to develop novel, focus-based, theories of intertemporal choice and social preferences, as well as analyze the implications of focusing for product design, principal-agent relationships, and other economic questions. My second main agenda is to explore some implications for market outcomes, welfare, and policy of the possibility that consumers misperceive certain aspects of products. I will investigate the circumstances that facilitate the profitable deception of consumers; firms' incentives for "innovating" deceptive products, including novel financial products aimed at exploiting investors; how firms' ability to distinguish naive and sophisticated consumers affects the consequences of deception; whether learning on the part of consumers will help them to avoid making mistakes; and how regulators and other observers can detect consumer mistakes from market data. Two further projects apply the model of reference-dependent utility I have developed in earlier work to understand the pricing and advertising behavior of firms. I will also aim to disseminate some of my work, along with other cutting-edge research in psychology and economics, in a Journal of Economic Literature survey on "Behavioral Contract Theory."

Keywords: focusing,intertemporal choice,time inconsistency,industrial organization,shrouding,deception,learning,reference dependence,loss aversion,advertising
Transnational Private-Public Arbitration as Global Regulatory Governance: Charting and Codifying the Lex Mercatoria Publica (LEXMERCPUB)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Institutions, values, beliefs and behaviour
Countries involved: Netherlands,Germany
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111124, 2012)
Start date: 2013-03-01
End date: 2019-02-28
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1223000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1223000.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

The proposed research will analyze the rising phenomenon of transnational arbitrations between private economic actors and public law bodies as a mechanism of global regulatory governance. It breaks with the prevailing view that arbitration involves no more than settling individual disputes and hypothesizes instead that arbitrators generate the rules governing public-private relations rather independently of specific domestic legal systems and their democratic processes, and thereby prospectively steer and restrict government conduct. The body of law thus crafted by arbitral tribunals is what the project designates as lex mercatoria publica, in allusion to the a-national law generated by arbitral tribunals in international private-private disputes. Unlike existing research, the proposed project will provide a comprehensive (historic, sociological, political, economic, and legal) perspective on the lex mercatoria publica and explore its legitimacy. It will, by empirically charting the modern and historic practice of private-public arbitration, describe and analyze the content of the lex mercatoria publica and develop, through comparative law research, normative criteria to assess the legitimacy of private-public arbitrations in democratic societies that are based on the rule of law. The research will result in a comprehensive online database and a codification of both the principles of private-public arbitration and of the lex mercatoria publica as developed and applied by arbitral tribunals. The project will enable arbitrators, judges, and other international and national decision-makers to render more predictable, more circumspect, overall better, and fairer decisions concerning private-public arbitration. This will provide solid foundations for enhancing transnational private-public arbitration as an institution of global regulatory governance in the interest of better and more efficient cooperation between states and private economic actors in the global economy.

Keywords: international law,comparative public law,international arbitration,international economic law,international dispute settlement,codification
Long Range Ultrasonic Inspection of Aircraft Wiring (SAFEWIRE)

Framework: FP7 — Capacities
Programme: Research for the benefit of SMEs
Destination: Research for SMEs
Action type: Research for the benefit of specific groups
Countries involved: Poland,Romania,United Kingdom,Greece,Netherlands,Türkiye
Call:  (FP7-SME-2012, 2012)
Start date: 2013-01-01
End date: 2014-12-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1387460.33
EU funding (EUR): 1080000.0
Participants: 9
Project status: CLOSED

Defects in the electric wiring in aircraft have led to serious accidents. Cases in point were the losses of TWA Flight 800 in July 1996 and Swissair Flight 111 September 1998, in both of which ~ 230 people died. Experts investigating almost three decades of international aviation incidents between 1972 and 2000 found more than 400 wire related incidents. The Ageing Transport Systems Rulemaking Advisory Committee (ATSRAC) found 2281 individual discrepancies in 39 aircraft, 73 of which were deemed significant, 31% of these being concerned with wiring. It can be concluded that one in two of the aircraft studied had a serious wiring fault. Aircraft wiring is bundled in looms or harnesses and these are often concealed by bulkheads, making them very difficult to inspect. There is, therefore, a need to develop a non-destructive testing method enabling the remote inspection of wiring looms that are inaccessible for inspection by current methods. This project proposes to develop a novel wiring inspection technique based on the use of long range ultrasonic testing techniques in which the wires themselves act as wave guides. A sensor or sensor array will be clamped to the harness. This will be energised by a handheld pulser/receiver. Flaws in the wiring will reflect ultrasound back to the sensor assembly and will be detected by the pulser/receiver. Insulation damage will be recognised by advanced signal processing and pattern recognition techniques.

Keywords: long range ultrasonic,lrut,macro-fibre composite,magnetostrictive,wavelet,chirp,convolution
The Real Estate/Financial Complex (REFCOM)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Institutions, values, beliefs and behaviour
Countries involved: Belgium
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111124, 2012)
Start date: 2013-02-01
End date: 2018-01-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1497919.0
EU funding (EUR): 1497919.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Real estate and finance were at the roots of the global economic crisis that started in 2007. States and their many institutions have also been seen as complicit to the crisis. The connections between real estate (both residential and non-residential), finance and states still remain under-researched and under-theorized. Work in various political economy traditions has done a great deal of research into the connection between finance and states, but they have often ignored a crucial sector: real estate. There is also a tradition of work focusing on the interaction between real estate and states, usually concentrating on the involvement of municipalities in real estate projects. Finance is often ignored in this tradition. Moreover, this tradition has its roots in urban studies and is very micro focused, while the various political economy traditions are very macro focused. In other words, we not only need a stronger connection between finance and real estate, we also need a stronger connection between different scales: local/urban, national and global. I here propose a new metaphor that can help us to centre attention on the connection between real estate, finance and states: the real estate/financial complex, akin the military/industrial complex. Both complexes should be seen as triangles since states are also part of the equation. A Postdoc will do internationally comparative research on both the quantitative and qualitative shifts towards real estate, finance and their interaction. Three PhD students will focus on two countries each, each complementing two national mappings of the complex with two local/urban case studies. The PI will focus on the qualitative shift towards real estate, finance and the role of the state in this; the global dimensions of the complex; and the conceptualization of the complex in relation to the structural changes in state-society-market relations.

Keywords: real estate,financialization,state,urban studies,political economy,globalization,state-society-market relations
Speeded decision-making in the basal ganglia: An integrative model-based approach (SPEED)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The Human Mind and its complexity
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111124, 2012)
Start date: 2013-02-01
End date: 2018-01-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1487587.0
EU funding (EUR): 1487587.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Speeded decision-making is essential for adaptive behavior in an impatient world. Fight or flight, stop or go, left or right, shoot or pass, peanut butter or jelly: our environment constantly demands decisions. Choosing prematurely can result in death, traffic accidents, collisions, lost games, and a distasteful sandwich -- a similar fate awaits those who ponder over their decisions for too long. Because of its pivotal role in how we interact with the world, the topic of speeded decision-making has been studied by many disciplines, including mathematical psychology, experimental psychology, and the cognitive neurosciences. These disciplines often work in isolation, and the main goal and defining feature of this proposal is to study speeded decision-making using an integrative, model-based approach (e.g., Forstmann et al., 2011, TICS).

Keywords: model-based neurosciences
Creative Undoing and Textual Scholarship: A Rapprochement between Genetic Criticism and Scholarly Editing (CUTS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Cultures and cultural production
Countries involved: Belgium
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111124, 2012)
Start date: 2013-01-01
End date: 2017-12-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1147740.0
EU funding (EUR): 1147740.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

In the past few decades, the disciplines of textual scholarship and genetic criticism have insisted on their respective differences. Nonetheless, a rapprochement would be mutually beneficial. The proposed research endeavours to innovate scholarly editing with the combined forces of these two disciplines. Since genetic criticism has objected to the subservient role of manuscript research in textual criticism, the proposed research suggests a reversal of roles: instead of employing manuscript research with a view to making an edition, an electronic edition can be designed in such a way that it becomes a tool for manuscript research and genetic criticism. The research hypothesis is that such a rapprochement can be achieved by means of an approach to textual variants that values creative undoing (ways of de-composing a text as an integral part of composition and literary invention) more than has hitherto been the case in textual scholarship. This change of outlook will be tested by means of the marginalia, notes and manuscripts of an author whose work is paradigmatic for genetic criticism: Samuel Beckett. His manuscripts will serve as a case study to determine the functions of creative undoing in the process of literary invention and its theoretical and practical implications for electronic scholarly editing and the genetic analysis of modern manuscripts. Extrapolating from this case study, the results are employed to tackle a topical issue in European textual scholarship. The envisaged rapprochement between the disciplines of genetic criticism and textual scholarship is the core of this proposal’s endeavour to advance the state of the art in these disciplines by giving shape to a new orientation within scholarly editing.

Keywords: genetic criticism,textual scholarship,digital philology,scholarly editing
THE GENDER OF JUSTICE: THE PROSECUTION OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE IN ARMED CONFLICT (GOJ)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Institutions, values, beliefs and behaviour
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111124, 2012)
Start date: 2013-01-01
End date: 2017-12-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1199800.0
EU funding (EUR): 1199800.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The international community now recognises the impact of ‘gender-based harms’ of conflict, the armed violence that targets or disproportionately affects women. It also acknowledges the obligation to prosecute these crimes. However, many claim that international justice continues to fail women victims of war. So are we witnessing a new age of accountability for these crimes against women? Or does international criminal justice reproduce existing gender inequalities? Some fifteen years after the establishment of the first international criminal tribunal, these questions remain unanswered. The proposed research takes up these fundamental problems of gender and justice, and develops an innovative research ‘gender justice’ framework. This framework engages with the thoroughly social nature of gender and justice. It examines how social actions and norms construct categories of the person, the harmful, and the just by building a social theory of ‘gender justice’. This theory investigates the nature of gender harms, identifies how sexual differentiation shapes law, and provides a normative model of gender justice. It is built upon a unique socio-legal case study of the international and national prosecution of sexual violence in the Yugoslavian conflict. Sexual violence in armed conflict is the most pervasive and visible of criminalised gender-based harms. It is also the area in which international law claims to have made its most significant advances. This case study provides a systematic and rigorous means of building models of highly complex social processes, and of developing explanatory and normative theories of ‘gender justice’. The project proposes a new framework that takes ‘gender justice’ as an object of research. It creates a new field of inquiry, with specific research problems, new conceptual and methodological frameworks, and identifiable normative criteria. Ultimately, the project aims to change our ideas of ‘gender justice’ itself.

Keywords: armed conflict,sexual violence,gender studies,feminist theory,international criminal law,transitional justice,socio-legal research,social theory
Tolerance in Contemporary Muslim Practice: Political Theory Beyond the West (TICMP)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Institutions, values, beliefs and behaviour
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111124, 2012)
Start date: 2012-12-01
End date: 2015-05-31
Duration (months): 30.0
Total project cost (EUR): 378116.0
EU funding (EUR): 378116.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Academic research has consistently studied conflict but there is very little engagement with actually existing tolerance mechanisms of tolerance and this project breaks new ground in studying tolerance by explicitly engaging with both empirical detail and theoretical constructions in the predominantly Muslim context of Pakistan. The project comprises of two strands of enquiry that come together to suggest a new way of approaching political theory from non-western contexts. By investigating the political thought of two key religious public intellectuals on the issue of tolerance at the same time as collecting oral histories and ethnographic interviews from population groups that live in extremely precarious contexts, such as recent refugees from Pakistan's tribal areas into three large cities, the project aims to help build a new field of study within European academia: comparative political theory.

Keywords: tolerance,refugees,muslim politics