Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Developing a Bayesian technique to evaluate the validity of economic models: two applications to the Euro Area (BMC-SVAR)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Economic Sciences
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2016, 2016)
Start date: 2017-09-01
End date: 2019-08-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 183454.8
EU funding (EUR): 183454.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The 2007 financial crisis and the 2009 European sovereign debt crisis highlighted how difficult it is to build models that capture the dynamics of the economic system. The project develops a model evaluation technique that allows a researcher to assess how much the economic models of interest to a researcher are supported by the data. The innovative technique set out in the project is developed in order to assist policy-makers address a wide variety of research questions, and to help them achieve their goals – for example, predicting the impact of interest rate changes on a country’s economy. Two applications to monetary policy by the European Central Bank are developed. The first application studies whether the data support a class of economic models used to assess monetary policy. The second application studies how successful monetary policy has been in counteracting deflationary pressures in the Euro Area. The fellowship will help me to pursue a career that applies an academic focus to policy-oriented research questions. Queen Mary is the ideal place to achieve this goal, because it is one of the best universities in the field of Applied Econometrics. Having already developed an academic approach to research during my PhD in Economics and having recently started working on policy questions as a postdoctoral fellow, I now aim to combine these two experiences. The fellowship will help me to gain the skills in Applied Econometrics that I need for the successful implementation of the project, and to begin a career that focuses on the application of Applied Econometrics to policy questions. I will achieve this goal by working with my supervisor Professor Haroon Mumtaz, who has developed significant knowledge at the intersection of academic and policy research through his experience at the Bank of England before he joined academia. Working with him, and with other scholars at Queen Mary University, will be a unique opportunity for the development of my career.

Keywords: monetary policy,central banking,euro area,model evaluation,vector autoregressive models,bayesian econometrics
On Human Shielding (OHS)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Reintegration panel
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Social Sciences and Humanities
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call: Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships (IF-EF) (H2020-MSCA-IF-2015, 2015)
Start date: 2017-09-01
End date: 2019-08-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 195454.8
EU funding (EUR): 195454.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

OHS aims to examine the history and contemporary politics of human shielding. In international humanitarian law (IHL) and military manuals, human shielding generally refers to the deployment of civilians to deter attacks on combatants or military sites. The dramatic intensification of urban warfare during the last decades and the growing “weaponization” of human bodies in contemporary warfare inevitably entail that civilians are increasingly caught in the front lines of the fighting, while the traditional distinction between civilians and combatants in international law is constantly blurred. Accusations of using civilians as human shields and thus as illegitimate instruments of military protection, coercion or deterrence have recently multiplied. OHS will investigate how the phenomenon of human shielding is transforming the category of civilian in war by pursuing two major objectives: 1) offer a historical-legal investigation of human shielding; and 2) identify and theorize the various forms of human shielding utilized in current theatres of violence. First, I aim to outline the development of the human shield category in IHL, tracing the historical events and the legal debates that during the nineteenth and twentieth century led to the consolidation of this category. Second, after this historical-legal reconstruction, I aim to identify, map and theorize the various forms of human shielding in order to improve our understanding of the diverse situations in which human shielding practices appeared in recent conflict zones—for instance Syria, Ukraine, Israel/Palestine, Nigeria—and the way they shape our understanding of war and contemporary political violence. I hypothesize that the different kinds of human shields operate in distinct ways and serve radically different military and political purposes. OHS will produce innovative knowledge on contemporary conflicts and contribute to the EU’s understanding of its IHL and human rights obligations.

Keywords: human shields,history of violence,civilians,warfare techniques,international law
Jewish Translation and Cultural Transfer in Early Modern Europe (JEWTACT)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Cultures and cultural production
Panel description: Literary studies, cultural studies, study of the arts, philosophy
Countries involved: Israel
Call: ERC Starting Grant (ERC-2018-STG, 2018)
Start date: 2019-02-01
End date: 2025-01-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1496900.0
EU funding (EUR): 1496900.0
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

Contemporary scholarship has often envisioned modernity as a kind of immense cultural earthquake, originating somewhere in western or central Europe, and then gradually propagating throughout the continent. This massive upheaval is said to have shaken the very foundations of every culture it frequented, subsequently eliminating the world which once was, to make way for a new age. This project offers a new understanding of modernization, not as a radical break with tradition, but as the careful importation of new ideas by often timid, almost inadvertent innovators. The project focuses on the rich corpus of translations of non-Jewish texts into Jewish languages, which developed during the early modern period. Largely neglected by modern scholars, these translations played a pivotal role in fashioning Jewish culture from the sixteenth century into modern times. Jewish translators were never merely passive recipients of their non-Jewish sources; they mistranslated both deliberately and accidentally, added and omitted, and harnessed their sources to meet their own unique agendas. Throughout the process of translation then, a new corpus was created, one that was distinctly Jewish in character, but closely corresponded with the surrounding majority culture. JEWTACT offers the first comprehensive study of the entire gamut of these early modern Jewish translations, exposing a hitherto unexplored terrain of surprising intercultural encounters which took place upon the advent of modernity—between East and West, tradition and innovation, Christians and Jews. The project posits translation as the primary and most ubiquitous mechanism of Christian-Jewish cultural transfer in early modern Europe. In so doing, I wish to revolutionize our understanding of the so-called early modern “Jewish book,” revealing its intensely porous, collaborative and innovative nature, and to offer a new paradigm of Jewish modernization and cultural exchange.

Keywords: jewish studies,german jewish studies,yiddish literature,hebrew literature,early modern history,religious studies,translation studies
Coupling of Optical tweezers with Tip-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for single-molecule investigation of supramolecular systems (TweeTERS)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Chemistry
Countries involved: Spain
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2019, 2019)
Start date: 2020-10-01
End date: 2023-04-01
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 160932.48
EU funding (EUR): 160932.48
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Quantitative information on the dynamics and mechanistic principles behind supramolecular systems can be investigated in the single-molecule regime by measuring the nanometer displacements resulting from the application of picoNewton forces in optical trapping (OT) experiments. In particular, the mechanical strength of non-covalent interactions can be quantified when studying the reversible breaking/formation of hydrogen bonds on individual host-guest systems or the switching of a macrocycle between binding stations in a molecular shuttle. However, the fundamental chemical mechanisms behind the obtained real-time operational kinetics are not accessible with OT experiments and fundamental questions about the physicochemical processes underlying real-operation remain unanswered. The goal of this project is to merge OT for single-molecule optical force microscopy experiments with tip-enhaced Raman spectroscopy (TERS). TERS is a powerfull nearfield-based techinque based on the coupling of Raman spectroscopy and scanning probe microscopy. It provides chemical characterization with single molecule sensitivity and few-nm spatial resolution. Since Raman spectroscopy is sensitive to molecular species, inter and intra molecular interactions and orientations; by combining OT-optical force microscopy with TERS, we will access the underlying physicochemical processes triggering specific shuttling events in molecular motors and other types of supramolecular systems. In particular, we aim to create a hybrid tool that can disentangle the relation between mechanical, conformational and chemical properties of individual synthetic supramolecular systems and the non-covalent interactions governing their behavior, with single-molecule sensitivity and spatial resolution in the range of 10 nm. TweeTERS will lead to a major technological improvement in the single-molecule manipulation field and in particular, in the nearly un-explored field of single-molecule supra-molecular chemistry.

Keywords: optical tweezers,tip enhanced raman spectroscopy,single molecule manipulation,molecular motors,hydrogen bonding,nearfield optics
Edge enabled Privacy and Security Platform for Multi Modal Transport (E-CORRIDOR)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Societal Challenges
Programme: Secure societies - protecting freedom and security of Europe and its citizens
Theme: Improve cyber security
Action type: Innovation actions
Countries involved: Ireland,Spain,Italy,Italy,Germany,Italy,France,France,France,France
Call: Digital security, privacy, data protection and accountability in critical sectors (H2020-SU-DS-2019, 2019)
Start date: 2020-06-01
End date: 2023-05-31
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 5859201.25
EU funding (EUR): 4988608.39
Participants: 19
Project status: SIGNED

E-CORRIDOR aims at providing a flexible, secure and privacy aware framework allowing confidential, distributed and edge enabled security services, as threat analysis and prevention as well as privacy aware seamless access mechanism in multi-modal transport systems. Cyber attacks influence is growing in our everyday life, indeed the targets become our mobiles devices, our bank accounts or our new electric and autonomous vehicles. The need for protection of the cyber world which often has a significant convergence with the physical one, requires that both cyber and safety aspects must be managed together. Increased amount of information (and collaboration) allow for better prediction and management of cyber attacks. However, when sharing information, one wishes to retain control of the information, even when this information is shared for prediction of vulnerabilities of just for accessing systems (e.g. a transport one). There is the need and the opportunity to unleash the power of sharing. E-CORRIDOR’s mission is to define a framework for multi-modal transport systems, which provides secure advanced services for passengers and transport operators. The framework includes collaborative privacy-aware edge-enabled information sharing, analysis and protection as a service. The project plans to show the applicability of this framework in at least two domains: (i) collaborative and confidential cyber threat management and (ii) seamless access mechanism in multimodal transport systems.

Keywords: data usage control,privacy aware analytics,collaborative cyber threat management,isac for multimodal transport,multimodal authentication
Order in one dimension: Functional hybrids of chirality-sorted carbon nanotubes (ORDERin1D)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Physical and analytical chemical sciences
Panel description: Analytical chemistry, chemical theory, physical chemistry/chemical physics
Countries involved: Belgium
Call: ERC Starting Grant (ERC-2015-STG, 2015)
Start date: 2016-05-01
End date: 2021-10-31
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1499425.0
EU funding (EUR): 1499425.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The hollow structure of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with a wide range of diameters forms an ideal one-dimensional host system to study restricted diameter-dependent molecular transport and to achieve unique polar molecular order. For the ORDERin1D project, I will capitalize on my recent breakthroughs in the processing, filling, chiral sorting and high-resolution spectroscopic characterization of empty and filled CNTs, aiming for a diameter-dependent characterization of the filling with various molecules, which will pave the way for the rational design of ultraselective filtermembranes, sensors, nanofluidic devices and nanohybrids with unseen control over the structural order at the molecular scale. In particular, I recently found that dipolar molecules naturally align head-to-tail into a polar array inside the CNTs, after which their molecular directional properties such as their dipole moment and second-order nonlinear optical responses add up coherently, groundbreaking for the development of nanophotonics applications.

Keywords: carbon nanotubes,confinement,hybrid nanomaterials,nanofluidics
ThermoformAble, repaIrable and bondable smaRt ePOXY based composites for aero structures (AIRPOXY)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Societal Challenges
Programme: Smart, green and integrated transport
Action type: Research and Innovation actions
Countries involved: Spain,Germany,Spain,Spain,Ireland,Spain,Greece,Belgium,Belgium,France,France
Call: Maintaining industrial leadership in aeronautics (H2020-MG-2017-Two-Stages, 2017)
Start date: 2018-09-01
End date: 2022-08-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 6497512.5
EU funding (EUR): 6497512.5
Participants: 11
Project status: CLOSED

With strong growly rates of 13% in the aero sector, and demands predicted to be doubled by 2032, carbon composites (CC) are under the spotlight. CC production requires a quick ramp-up that needs to be based on robust materials & processes and a solid manufacturing supply chain, where higher production rates and cost reduction are essential. The aim of AIRPOXY is to reduce production & MRO costs of CC parts in aeronautics by introducing a new family of enhanced composites that preserve all the advantages of conventional thermosets, while showing new unprecedented features such as Re-processability, Reparability and Recyclability. This will be possible through further development & validation of a family of ground-breaking thermoset resins (recently invented/patented by CID) including dynamic bonds which enable such smart behaviour. Conversion of the technology from TRL3 to 5 will be achieved in AIRPOXY, through 2 representative demonstrators of aircraft panels. Thermoforming processes previously unthinkable for thermosets will reduce manufacturing cost of CC parts by35% vs autoclave, reducing processing times from hours to minutes. Faster/cheaper repair technologies, in combination with SHM, will reduce significantly MRO costs. Additionally, a novel welding process will reduce CC bonding costs by up to 50%. Such new features will foster competitiveness & sustainability in the European aeronautics sector. AIRPOXY relies on a multidisciplinary consortium of 11 partners from 6 countries; CID as resin inventor, key technology providers IVW (thermoforming & welding), EUT(RTM), COEX(SQRTM), UOI(SHM); AEF (process simulation software), aircraft components manufacturers (EIRE, IDEC, SON), standardization experts (UNE) & an aeroconsultancy (ART). They will be supported by a strong advisory board (AIRBUS, Leonardo, Huntsman, SGL and EREA). Maximum impact of AIRPOXY will be ensured through well-balanced dissemination, communication and exploitation activities.

Keywords: carbon fibre,composite,thermoset,epoxy,thermoforming,repair,bonding,fatigue,damage tolerance,aeronautics,dynamic chemistry
Sustainable intensification of food production through resilient farming systems in West & North Africa (SustInAfrica)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Societal Challenges
Programme: Food security, sustainable agriculture and forestry, marine and maritime and inland water research and the bioeconomy
Theme: Sustainable agriculture and forestry
Action type: Research and Innovation actions
Countries involved: Ireland,Austria,Germany,Italy,Egypt,Germany,Finland,Tunisia,Portugal,Burkina Faso,Ghana,Niger
Call: Sustainable Intensification in Africa (H2020-SFS-2019-2, 2019)
Start date: 2020-09-01
End date: 2025-08-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 6997318.7
EU funding (EUR): 6997318.7
Participants: 19
Project status: SIGNED

Large areas of agricultural land in W. and N. Africa are heavily degraded, with water scarcity, low soil fertility and poor plant health, due to use of unsuitable agronomic systems and inappropriate management. In W. Africa, poor water, organic matter and nutrient retention limit food productivity, whilst in N. Africa, salinisation, wind erosion, formation of crusts and compaction threaten rainfed cropland and silvopasture. The low food productivity, poor resilience and unsustainability of current approaches have severe socioeconomic and environmental consequences. The overall goal of SustInAfrica is to empower smallholder farmers, small and medium enterprises and various government and non-governmental organisations in Ghana, Burkina Faso, Niger, Egypt and Tunisia to successfully intensify food production and deliver ecosystem services in a sustainable and resilient manner. This will be achieved through: A) comprehensive analysis of i) local/regional target ecosystems; ii) currently applied and potential landscape, soil, water and plant health management strategies and agronomic systems; iii) relevant actors across supply/value chains; iv) business models and policies; v) challenges and threats to production; B) development of technologies, including a smart platform supporting farmers in decision-making, concerning factors assessed in A); C) implementation of field trials at target sites, combining traditional knowledge, sustainable strategies and systems (agroecology, agroforestry, organic farming) and modern technologies (developed apps/platform); D) communication/dissemination/education/training to inform stakeholders/consumers and empower smallholders (especially women/youths); E) exploiting/continuing approaches/technologies for improved productivity/ecosystem services, long-term self-sufficiency beyond the project, reduced hunger/poverty and gender/wealth disparity, reduced environmental impact, long-term local food sectors growth/increased economic benefit.

Keywords: sustainable intensification,agroecology,agroforestry,organic farming,water management,land management,ghana,burkina faso,niger,egypt,tunisia,west africa,north africa
Role of endocycle in Acute Kidney Injury Response and Chronic Kidney Disease development (ROAR)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Reintegration panel
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Life Sciences
Countries involved: Italy
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2018, 2018)
Start date: 2019-09-01
End date: 2021-08-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 171473.28
EU funding (EUR): 171473.28
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a global public health concern which results in 1.7 million deaths per year. If not lethal in the acute phase, AKI is considered reversible as suggested by recovery of renal function. However, even mild AKI episodes carry substantial risk of developing subsequent chronic kidney disease (CKD). The pathophysiological basis for this phenomenon remains unclear. Injury and death of tubular cells are recognized as the main factors in the pathogenesis of AKI and functional recovery from AKI was traditionally attributed to the regenerative capacity of tubular epithelial cells (TECs) which are believed to re-enter the cell cycle and repair the damage. Nevertheless, my preliminary data provide evidence that an endocycle-mediated response of remnant TECs may represent a critical mechanism of response to AKI. Endocycles are cell cycle variants consisting of G and S phases alone that repeatedly proceed without cytokinesis and its role in repair of mammalian tissues is mostly unknown and totally unexplored in the kidney. This proposal will be structured into 3 distinct objectives to address: 1. The physiologic relevance of endocycle for kidney function recovery after AKI 2. The role of endocycle in the progression of AKI to CKD; 3. The mechanism by which YAP1 drives endocycle and contributes to CKD development. To this end I will use lineage tracing techniques based on the FUCCI2aR reporter applied in different transgenic animal models of AKI, together with in vitro experiments in human primary cultures of renal tubular cells. Collectively, the outcomes of this proposal are expected to provide an entirely novel view of the kidney’s response to AKI, to further our understanding of the processes that drive CKD following AKI, as well as to describe for the first time endocycle as a critical response mechanism to tissue injury in the mammalian kidney.

Keywords: acute kidney injury,chronic kidney disease,endocycle,yap1