Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
The role of the father in child development and the intergenerational transmission of inequality: Linking sociological stratification questions to developmental psychology research (FATHERCHILD)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: The Social World and Its Diversity
Panel description: Sociology, social psychology, social anthropology, education sciences, communication studies
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call: ERC Starting Grant (ERC-2017-STG, 2017)
Start date: 2018-01-01
End date: 2022-12-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1261246.0
EU funding (EUR): 1261246.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The key objective of my FATHERCHILD project is to provide novel insights into the questions whether, why, and in what ways, fathers influence their children’s social, behavioral, emotional, and cognitive outcomes. More specifically, this project investigates how inequalities in child outcomes develop through fathers’ parenting practices across childhood and adolescence, and how context may buffer or strengthen fathers’ role in this development of inequalities. The idea underlying the proposed research is that much can be learned about fathers’ role in child outcomes by linking sociological stratification questions to developmental psychology research on father involvement. The relevance of the current project is apparent: inequality is rising all across Europe, people are increasingly relying on their families to get by, and father involvement has become more polarized according to fathers’ socioeconomic position over the decades. The project aims to be innovative in four ways. Firstly, the application of new observation methods and state-of-the-art analytical techniques allows me to tap, more closely than hitherto, into the mechanisms underlying fathers’ influence on child outcomes. Second, unlike previous studies, this project will not limit its focus to the father-child dyad. The use of multi-actor data enables me to assess the relative importance of fathers as transmitters of inequality in the context of the wider family. Thirdly, by expanding the focus beyond the early years of children’s lives, it is possible to obtain a comprehensive understanding of how and why fathers’ role in the transmission of inequality changes across childhood and adolescence. Finally, an important contribution of the project is its potential to compare fathers’ impact on child outcomes longitudinally across three countries, allowing me to investigate the extent to which and why there is cross-national variation in the development of inequalities through fathers’ parenting practices.

Keywords: father involvement,child development,family sociology
Using Evolutionary Algorithms to Understand and Secure Web/Enterprise Systems (EAST)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Consolidator grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Computer science and informatics
Panel description: Informatics and information systems, computer science, scientific computing, intelligent systems
Countries involved: Norway
Call: ERC Consolidator Grant (ERC-2019-COG, 2019)
Start date: 2020-08-01
End date: 2025-07-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2000000.0
EU funding (EUR): 2000000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

-------------------- With the EAST project, I aim to improve our understanding of the intrinsic characteristics of web/enterprise systems related to their security. I will achieve it by designing novel techniques that are able to scale to automatically generate test cases for large web/enterprise systems, and that can automatically find common types of security threats. This is a necessary stepping stone before reaching the high risk / high impact goal of designing testing systems that can adapt and learn, finding classes of security threats for which currently there is no automated solution due to the oracle-problem. I will contribute towards this goal by constructing and studying classes of co-evolutionary algorithms that evolve in competition in separate populations of test cases for graphical user interfaces (e.g., web app GUIs) and direct network calls (e.g., HTTP). The tools and techniques developed in the EAST project will be instrumental to study and broaden our understanding of what kinds of security-related mistakes do developers make in practice, and why they are made. Such scientific knowledge will be at the base to form a so much needed theoretical framework for the field of security testing. The project will contribute to software engineering (insight in web/enterprise systems and automated methods for system testing), evolutionary computation (in particular co-evolutionary algorithms for the domain of software test generation), and computer security (in particular developing breakthroughs in investigating the so-called oracle-problem).

Keywords: search based software engineering,software testing,security,evolutionary computation
Dissecting the chromatin response to DNA damage in silenced heterochromatin regions (CHROMREP)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems
Panel description: Genetics, epigenetics, genomics and other ‘omics studies, bioinformatics, systems biology, genetic diseases, gene editing, innovative methods and modelling, ‘omics for personalised medicine
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call: ERC Starting Grant (ERC-2019-STG, 2019)
Start date: 2019-12-01
End date: 2025-05-31
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1499404.0
EU funding (EUR): 1499404.0
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

Cells are continuously exposed to insults that can break or chemically modify their DNA. To protect the DNA, cells have acquired an arsenal of repair mechanisms. Proper repair of DNA damage is essential for organismal viability and disease prevention. What is often overlooked is the fact that the eukaryotic nucleus contains many different chromatin domains that can each influence the dynamic response to DNA damage. Different chromatin environments are defined by specific molecular and biophysical properties, which could necessitate distinct chromatin responses to ensure safe DNA damage repair. The aim of this proposal is to understand how diverse chromatin domains, and in particular the dense heterochromatin environment, shape the dynamic chromatin response to DNA damage. I recently developed locus-specific DNA damage systems that allow for in-depth analysis of chromatin domain-specific repair responses in Drosophila tissue. I will employ these systems and develop new ones to directly observe heterochromatin-specific dynamics and repair responses. I will combine these systems and state-of-the art chromatin analysis with high-resolution live imaging to dissect the DNA damage-associated heterochromatin changes to determine their function in repair -kinetics, -dynamics and -pathway choice. Deciphering the chromatin dynamics that regulate DNA damage repair in heterochromatin will have broad conceptual implications for understanding the role of these dynamics in other essential nuclear processes, such as replication and transcription. More importantly, understanding how chromatin proteins promote repair will be important in determining how cancer-associated mutations in these chromatin proteins impact genetic instability in tumours in the long run.

Keywords: heterochromatin,dna damage,double strand breaks,histone modifications,genetic instability
The Dark Side of the Belle Époque. Political violence and Armed Associations in Europe before the First World War (PREWArAs)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: The study of the human past
Panel description: Archaeology, history and memory
Countries involved: Italy
Call: ERC Starting Grant (ERC-2015-STG, 2015)
Start date: 2016-10-01
End date: 2022-09-30
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1448776.0
EU funding (EUR): 1448776.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This research project is a comparative historical study which examines the role of militias, paramilitary movements, armed organisations, and vigilante groups before the First World War (from the late 19th century to 1914). Its goal is to investigate how and to what extent organised political violence permeated European societies even before the outbreak of the Great War. The practice of organised violence represented a mass transnational experience in an era, the so-called Belle Époque, which is generally seen as characterised by peace and progress. Armed associations were male brotherhoods that experienced and perpetrated group violence. They also acted as agents of political mobilisation, shaping individual and collective identities. Despite their different origins and purposes, these groups shared repertoires of practices and political cultures in which violence was regarded as a fully legitimate course of action. The project will provide a comprehensive, multi-scale overview of armed organisations in pre-1914 Europe. Although they represent a mass phenomenon, no comparative research on them has been carried on so far. The project will fill this gap by establishing a team of scholars who focus on Germany, Italy, the Iberian Peninsula, France, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and the United Kingdom. The project also promises to bring about a paradigm shift in our understanding of the Great War and post-war paramilitary movements. Hundreds of thousands of male Europeans engaged in various violent practices as members of these groups. These experiences shaped patterns which exerted a lasting influence on the political and social life of the whole continent. The mass experience of violence among pre-war armed associations should be taken into account not only to challenge the reassuring image of the Belle Époque, but also to understand to what extent the radicalisation of politics paved the way to the massacres of the Great War and the turmoil of its aftermath.

Keywords: armed associations,political violence,pre wwi europe
Excellent lung cancer imaging and tumour identification using next generation computed tomography (EXCITING-CT)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Life Sciences
Countries involved: Sweden
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2016, 2016)
Start date: 2017-09-01
End date: 2019-08-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 173857.2
EU funding (EUR): 173857.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Lung cancer has the highest incidence and mortality rates of all cancers, and patient survival is strongly linked to early detection. Therefore, low-dose CT screening of high-risk individuals, the only method proven to improve survival, is now recommended by major health organisations. There are, however, concerns with the high rate of false positives and increased radiation exposure associated with screening. We propose to investigate the clinical benefits of spectral CT for lung nodule detection and characterisation. The unique, photon-counting, spectral silicon detector developed by the host group offer twice the resolution, no lower dose limit, reduced artefacts, and higher contrast sensitivity than current state-of-the-art. Our hypothesis is that the patient dose can be significantly reduced in both the detection and characterisation steps, and that the higher resolution will reduce false positives. The reduction in screening dose alone would prevent an estimated 15 cases of induced cancer per 10,000 individuals screened. Fewer false positives would then further reduce the dose through fewer follow-ups and characterisations, lower clinical costs and workload, and reduce patient distress. The fellowship would allow the researcher to benefit from the world-class research, close ties to commercial partners and strong international collaborations of the host, and the exceptional clinical expertise of the partner organisation. In particular, training in cutting-edge detector technology, novel image reconstruction techniques and management of patient studies would complement the researcher’s strong background in medical physics and image analysis. The training, expected high-impact research and networking opportunities will strongly enhance the career prospects of the researcher, the outreach activities will give public awareness of the potential of spectral CT, and the expected clinical gain will benefit society at large, in particular future lung cancer patients.

Keywords: computed tomography,spectral ct,photon counting,lung cancer,screening,medical imaging,nodule
Scanning Electron Optical Nanoscopy (SCEON)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Condensed matter physics
Panel description: Structure, electronic properties, fluids, nanosciences, biological physics
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call: ERC Advanced Grant (ERC-2015-AdG, 2015)
Start date: 2016-07-01
End date: 2021-06-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2495625.0
EU funding (EUR): 2495625.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Novel developments in optical technology increasingly depend on control of light at the nanoscale. To study light at this small length scale it is essential to employ techniques that can excite and image light at the nanoscale. In recent years, my group has explored cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopy for this purpose. Based on the exciting potential of this technique, I propose to design and construct a new time- and angle-resolved CL microscope that exploits the primary electron beam as a coherent optical excitation source with deep-subwavelength spatial resolution. We will use the new instrument to address four challenges that will provide new insight in the behaviour of light at the nanoscale. Specifically, we will: (1) use CL microscopy to excite and characterize ultra-short wavelength-plasmons on graphene. We will create 3D tomographic reconstructions of the local optical density of states in resonant plasmonic and dielectric nanostructures. (2) determine 2D and 3D spatially-resolved ultrafast carrier recombination processes in resonant semiconductor photovoltaic nanostructures and reveal the radiative properties of single quantum emitters. (3) develop CL momentum spectroscopy to reveal embedded eigenstates in dielectric photonic crystals and topological photonic protection in complex three-dimensional architectures. (4) develop CL polarimetry in combination with phase-resolved CL detection to study electric and magnetic polarizabilities in nanoscale light emitters and to control the orbital angular momentum of light. The proposed program will firmly establish time- and angle-resolved CL imaging spectroscopy as a key deep-subwavelength nanoscopy tool to investigate the interplay of electric and magnetic fields that constitute light at the nano scale, and will enable applications in photovoltaics, solid-state lighting, photonic and optoelectronic integrated circuits, quantum communication, sensing and metrology.

Keywords: nanophotonics,cathodoluminescence,subwavelength imaging
Enhancement of Sceintific Excellence and Innovation Potential in Electronic Instrumentation for Ionising Radiation Environments (ELICSIR)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Spreading excellence and widening participation
Programme: Widening participation and spreading excellence
Theme: Improved access to Excellence
Action type: Coordination and support actions
Countries involved: Spain,Ireland,Germany,Serbia
Call: Twinning (H2020-WIDESPREAD-2018-03, 2018)
Start date: 2019-09-01
End date: 2023-02-28
Duration (months): 42.0
Total project cost (EUR): 791812.5
EU funding (EUR): 791812.5
Participants: 4
Project status: CLOSED

ELICSIR project is aimed at significant strengthening of the research and innovation capacity of the Faculty of Electronic Engineering, University of Nis, Serbia (EF-UNINIS), in the field of electronic instrumentation for radiation environments, namely radiation dosimetry and design of radiation hard electronics. This will be accomplished through establishing the links between EF-UNINIS with three renowned research institutions from the EU having complementary scientific profiles and broad expertise in radiation effects research: Tyndall National Institute (TYN) from Ireland, IHP GmbH (IHP) from Germany, and University of Granada (UGR) from Spain. To accomplish the objectives of the Widespread call, the work plan will be based on a set of coherent actions: (1) scientific and transferable skills training through short-term staff exchanges, organisation of summer/winter schools, attendance to specialised courses and joint experiments, with a particular emphasis to training of early stage researchers; (2) setting up conditions and strategies for joint collaboration after the project, commercialisation of acquired knowledge and establishment of links with a wide range of stakeholders; (3) networking and knowledge transfer on local, regional and European level through organisation of workshops, conference sessions and a symposium, linking with related projects and joint visits to distinguished research labs; (4) dissemination of project results targeting wide scientific community; (5) outreach activities for raising the consciousness of the general public in relation to significance of the proposed research; (6) enhancement of the educational potential through curricula upgrade and knowledge transfer to MSc and PhD students.

Keywords: electronic instrumentation,ionizing radiation environments,radiation dosimetry,design of devices,circuits,systems
Community Assembly on Islands: A phylogenetic Bayesian approach (BAYESLAND)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Environment and Geosciences
Countries involved: Spain
Call: Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships (IF-EF) (H2020-MSCA-IF-2015, 2015)
Start date: 2016-04-01
End date: 2019-03-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 158121.6
EU funding (EUR): 158121.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Biologists have sought to understand geographic patterns of species distribution for centuries. The process of community assembly, which determines how species integrate and maintain in local assemblages, is key to understanding the factors underlying species distribution. However, the extreme complexity of ecosystems has prevented the development of a general theory of biogeography and community ecology. This is exemplified by the current schism between ecological and historical biogeography. Historically, short-time, ecological explanations such as species interactions with the environment, have dominated the field. Only recently has it been acknowledged that community composition must also be determined by historical factors, and as such the future of community ecology and biogeography must bridge ecological and historical paradigms. To this end, BAYESLAND will analyse biogeographical patterns in islands by combining ecological and historical approaches. This will be done by developing new biogeographic models using Bayesian inference for estimating historical processes of community assembly, while also accounting for (i) ecological differences among lineages, and (ii) the influence of ecological factors on historical processes. This project is expected to result in novel cutting-edge analytical techniques in biogeography. In addition, the application of these new tools to extensive molecular datasets from the Canary Islands is likely to offer new predictions on community assembly. BAYESLAND will transfer to the fellow the host's strong experience in analytical biogeography and macro-ecology, complementing his experience in eco-evolutionary studies of island communities. The fellow will develop skills in method development, NGS, theoretical knowledge and project management, which will be paramount to his career development.

Keywords: biodiversity,community assembly,islands,phylogenetics,bayesian inference
unveilinG cEll-cell fusioN mEdiated by fuSexins In chordateS (GENESIS)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Life Sciences
Countries involved: Israel
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2018, 2018)
Start date: 2020-04-01
End date: 2022-07-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 173464.32
EU funding (EUR): 173464.32
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Membrane fusion is essential for many physiological and pathological processes: infection of enveloped viruses, fertilization, intracellular trafficking of vesicles and in some cases of organogenesis. These processes are mediated by specific proteins called fusogens. Fusexins are fusogens that are essential for sexual reproduction and exoplasmic merger of plasma membranes in protists, plants, invertebrates and class II enveloped viruses. The main goal of my project is to characterize the least understood class of membrane fusion: cell-cell fusion processes within the phylum Chordata mediated by proteins from the Fusexin superfamily. I will evaluate whether proteins from mouse gametes with predicted structural similarities to Fusexins fulfill the two criteria to be considered fusogens (i.e. necessity and sufficiency for membrane fusion). In parallel, I will elucidate the mechanisms of action of the amphioxus Br-FF-1 proteins, the first Fusexins described in Chordata. The project involves both high risk and feasible objectives, employing assays that are well established in the Podbilewicz lab as well as the development of new techniques (including in vitro fertilization assays, fusion in heterologous cells, pseudotyping of viruses and virus-cell infection). I expect that results obtained will shed light on the evolution of the Fusexin superfamily that maps to the beginning of the eukaryotic cells and enveloped viruses, and thoroughly characterize the mechanisms of action of cell-cell fusogens. My proposal has the potential to lead to breakthroughs in understanding and manipulating membrane fusion in sexual reproduction, organ development, diseases and tissue repair.

Keywords: fusion,fertilization,sperm,membranes