Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Alexander von Humboldt and the Globalization of Science: Networks of Knowledge between Germany and the United States in the 19th Century (AHUMSCIENCENET)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IOF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-10-01
End date: 2016-09-30
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 352823.7
EU funding (EUR): 352823.7
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This research project proposes a systematic analysis and reinterpretation of the Prussian explorer Alexander von Humboldt as a critical figure in the study of the globalization of knowledge through the creation of transatlantic scientific networks. Humboldt’s outstanding impact on the progress of science extended beyond his contribution to particular fields of knowledge: Through his intricate networks with other scholars, established to discuss research questions, exchange data, and compare their results, he also set an early example for a well-organized and fruitful inner-European and transatlantic communication. Of particular importance for this project is Humboldt’s visit to the U.S. in 1804, the contacts he established among its political and scientific leaders, and the vivid interest in the further development of America he maintained for the rest of his life, particularly its progress in sciences and education. The project addresses these core issues through the execution of four closely interlocking sub-projects: First, Humboldt’s North American correspondence will be examined in an in-depth way, which allows for the reconstruction of his scientific network and categorization of his main correspondents, the groups and professions to which they belonged, and the type of information transferred. Second, multiple aspects in which Humboldt promoted German-American scientific collaboration at the beginning of the 19th century will be analyzed. Third, Humboldt’s interest in the western expansion of the U.S. and for California in particular, based on his early research in the Spanish colonial archives in Mexico, will be studied. Finally, the project does not limit its scope to Humboldt; rather, taking him as a starting point and considering the political background of this period, it studies the further development of the scientific relationship between Germany and the U.S. along the 19th century on an individual, institutional and theoretical level.

Keywords: soc: alexander von humboldt,scientific networks,history of science,atlantic history,transfer of knowledge,intellectual and cultural history,germany,united states
Tunable Strong Coupling Phenomena at Atomistic Level (TUSCOPAL)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IOF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-09-09
End date: 2017-03-08
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 263448.6
EU funding (EUR): 263448.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Understanding the dynamics of fundamental strong coupling processes such as crystallization (liquid-solid phase transition) and glass transition (metastable, supercooled liquid-glassy state phase transition) at the individual particle level is of great importance in interdisciplinary research combining physics, chemistry and biology. Colloids are the best model systems to investigate these processes, but most of the relevant works have been performed with hard sphere model of the interacting particles. The goal of this project is to explore the universal phase diagram of such processes for different interaction potentials: from ultra-soft to hard sphere or from repulsive to attractive, etc. The experiments will be performed at Harvard University, USA (Outgoing host). The soft PNIPAM microgel particles will be synthesized using microfluidic technique. The interaction potential of these particles can be tuned by changing the surrounding temperature. Then dedicated experiments will be performed on crystallization and glass transition using confocal microscope and particle tracking techniques. On his return to Heinrich Heine University, Germany (Incoming host in Europe), the fellow will be trained to develop complementary theoretical and numerical models (Brownian dynamics for colloids and Molecular dynamics for complex plasmas). Additionally, he will try to explore complementarity of complex plasmas and colloids. The fellow is a member of “European Soft Matter Infrastructure (ESMI)”. He is an expert on complex plasma research, which shares complementary features with colloids. The proposed project will help him to gain expertise on colloids. In future he will emerge as one of very few scientists in Europe who will have expertise on both subjects. The fellow will also be trained with teaching activities, complementary skills, knowledge and technology transfer know-how to Europe, which will help Europe to remain at the frontier of this fundamental research area.

Keywords: soft condensed matter,colloids,complex plasmas,strong coupling phenomena,crystallization,glass transition,tunable soft interaction potential,hard sphere potential,statistical physics
Islamic fashion and the politics of belonging in contemporary Turkey (ISLAMICFASHION)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-07-22
End date: 2015-07-21
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 221606.4
EU funding (EUR): 221606.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This project focuses on the current articulation of the politics of belonging in Turkey and addresses an important question about regions that are ambiguous in relation to European identity and politics and the influence of contemporary Islam. In this project, Islamic fashion is considered a privileged terrain for analysis. This controversial domain is debated in relation to a series of conceptual dualities that are crucial in the formulation of the politics of belonging too, from un-veiling and Westernisation versus re-veiling and Islamicisation to fashion versus Islamic fashion. The innovative nature of this project consists in its employment of a material culture perspective to investigate how the politics of belonging are materialised, and not only explicitly verbalised, within this domain. The following objectives guide the investigation: to explore constants and innovations in the design of fashionable Islamic garments; to analyse discussions of styles and trends in Islamic fashion; to analyse the institutionalisation of Islamic fashion; to investigate practices of assembling fashionable Islamic outfits and ways of discussing fashion and fashionable outfits; to analyse arguments for and against the very existence of Islamic fashion. The field research for this project will be carried out in Istanbul for nine months and will involve interviews with designers, fashion writers, producers and consumers, ethnographic observation, visual analysis and content analysis of debates in the media and social media. The expected results are fresh insights into the current politics of belonging. The project aims to contribute to a better understanding of Turkey’s cultural and political positioning and its implications for EU’s enlargement process and EU’s relations with Muslim communities within and beyond its borders. Thus, the project aspires to support efforts to effectively tackle social and political problems that Europe is currently confronted with.

Keywords: s105 ethnography,belonging,turkey,islamic fashion,material culture
Disputing gender. Understanding how psychological gender research is used in public scientific controversies on gender in US-American media (DISPUTING GENDER)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Austria
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IOF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-05-01
End date: 2016-04-30
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 227592.0
EU funding (EUR): 227592.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The proposed transdisciplinary project analyzes socioscientific controversies on gender in US-American media. The notion socioscientific controversy entails public debates in which social questions are debated with the help of science. This project focuses on public debates about gender relations in which participants draw on psychological gender research. The analysis starts with a controversy sparked when in 2005, the president of Harvard University suggested that the lack of woman scientists in higher scientific positions might be due to innate cognitive gender differences. The following public debate included psychologists who used psychological gender research to either confirm or reject this position. The project will draw on discourse analysis to analyze this public debate and similar socioscientific controversies in selected US-American media. Research questions are directed at the ways in which psychological gender research shapes what can be publicly said about gender. Context information is drawn on to clarify the relation between public scientific discourse on gender and factual gender inequalities. Results will be discussed in the light of the critical historiography of psychology, science studies approaches on public scientific controversies, and feminist reflections on the interpenetration of science and gender inequalities. The project aims to contribute both theoretically and empirically to a critical historiography of psychology by analyzing and defining the relation between psychology and social inequalities, to science studies approaches on socioscientific controversies by clarifying how socioscientific controversies mediate between scientific and public discourse, and to feminist studies on the relation between science and social inequalities with an exemplary analysis and a detailed reflection of the interpenetration between psychological gender research and gender inequalities.

Keywords: public scientific controversy,gender inequality,history of psychology,critical psychology,psychological gender research,science studies,feminist science studies,critical discourse analysis
Reactivity of Aluminium Sulphate Minerals In Mine wastes (RASMIM) (RASMIM)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-07-03
End date: 2015-07-02
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 299558.4
EU funding (EUR): 299558.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Mine wastes are unwanted, currently uneconomic materials found at or near mine sites. Volumetrically they are one of the largest waste streams in the European Community and also at a global scale and they often contain high concentrations of elements such as aluminium (Al) that can have severe effects on ecosystems and humans. The risks posed by exposure to Al are controlled by the reactivity of Al-bearing minerals, which in mine wastes are most commonly the sulphates alunite and basaluminite. In spite of their importance, their dissolution behavior and controls in mine waste environments are not well-known. The aim of the RASMIM project is to shed light on these issues for contributing to new mine development and to environmental and human health protection. With this goal, dissolution experiments using both natural and synthetic alunite and basaluminite will be carried out. The evolution of solids and solutions during dissolution will be monitored using a wide range of cutting-edge mineralogical and geochemical techniques. These observations will be complemented by the development of atomistic computer simulations for the same processes. The study will generate important data on the mechanisms, products and controls on the dissolution of these Al sulphates. The project will provide a better understanding of the relative roles on dissolution of factors such as mineral structure and impurities, surface area, solution pH, composition and temperature or secondary mineral formation, among others. On top of that, advances will be made in the understanding of alunite and basaluminite mineral structure and chemistry, their environmental stability and the behaviour of the potentially toxic element aluminium during dissolution. All these advances would contribute to bridge a key knowledge gap in the understanding of important processes for the evolution of mine wastes, which is relevant not only from the scientific point of view but also for the mining industry.

Keywords: v201 mineralogy,v201 geochemistry,sulphate minerals,mine wastes,environmental mineralogy
Internal Quantum Efficiency limitations in Organic Photovoltaics (IQEOPV)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-04-16
End date: 2014-10-15
Duration (months): 18.0
Total project cost (EUR): 126595.8
EU funding (EUR): 126595.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Organic photovoltaics (OPV) are emerging as a potential cheap route to convert solar energy into electricity due to recent progress in the field. The global energy need makes OPV a highly strategically relevant renewable energy approach for European research and industry as very low production costs are envisaged. However, higher power conversion efficiency is paramount for making these devices attractive for the market and a much better understanding of the current principal limitations is needed. The approach of this project is to identifying the dominant electrical limitations for OPVs, and currently disregards the more well-known optical limitations. We aim to accurately determine internal quantum efficiency as a function of both intensity and wavelength of the incident light and the applied voltage for a variety differently performing OPV cells based on selected materials and conditions. We will focus our investigation on the dominant recombination processes, the origin of their voltage and light intensity dependence and their relation to charge transfer states as link between geminate and non-geminate recombination. We aim to disentangle these recombination rates, to be able to better identify the dominant loss routes of charge carriers and to describe their impact on solar cell performance by reconstructing the experimental current-voltage characteristics. We also want to determine the properties affecting radiative and non radiative contributions to recombination by probing radiative quantum yield of charge transfer states and trap assisted recombination. By combining a new set of complementary electro-optical transient experiments, we aim to establish a detailed picture of the loss mechanisms for OPVs between active layer photon absorption and electrons flowing into the external circuit. The results of this project allow providing detailed feedback to both material synthesis and device manufacturing in view of optimizing the performance of OPVs.

Keywords: g306 energy systems,p205 electronic properties of materials and transport,p215 soft condensed matter,p308 chemical physics,c128 nanomaterials,organic solar cells,recombination,charge transfer state
Photo-Induced Processes in oxalate network based nano-objects (PHOXNA)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-06-01
End date: 2015-05-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 184709.4
EU funding (EUR): 184709.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Interaction between light and matter is of fundamental importance in physical, chemical and biological sciences, because of a variety of applications, for instance in optical information technology devices, in lasers and lighting, and in solar-energy harvesting. Coordination chemistry provides a convenient tool to prepare solids with tailored optical properties. However, the actual use of such materials in devices requires processing of the compounds into well-defined and often size-reduced particles. This project aims at the preparation of nano-objects, starting from oxalate-based networks, well known for their optical and magnetic properties. For example, [M(bpy)3][NaCr(ox)3] 3D networks are known to present a photo-induced energy migration process within the CrIII cations over large distances (up to 100 nm when M = RuII) or an unusual spin crossover behaviour when M = CoII. The first step will be the adaptation of nanochemistry methods (reverse-micelles technique and others…) to this family of compounds, in order to obtain size-controlled particles and, in a second step, functionalized nanoparticles and core-shell nano-objects. With [Ru(bpy)3][NaCr(ox)3] nanoparticles, the influence of size reduction on the energy migration process will be investigated. Functionalized nano-objects, either by grafting complexes on the surface or by epitaxial growth of a different oxalate network shell, will then be used to study the energy transfer from the core particle to the surrounding. Finally, [Co(bpy)3][LiCr(ox)3] will be prepared to study the size reduction effect on the spin crossover process of the [Co(bpy)3]2+ cations. Thus, this project is expected to give a better insight on the effect of size-reduction on the photo-induced energy migration, energy transfer and spin crossover processes.

Keywords: oxalate networks,chromium(iii),nanoparticles,functionalization,core-shell,energy migration,energy transfer,spin crossover,size reduction
In situ deformation experiments to study ductile strain localization (INSIDE-STRAIN)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-07-01
End date: 2015-06-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 202405.8
EU funding (EUR): 202405.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Plate tectonics, by linking the evolution of the Earth’s surface to the dynamics of the deep interior, has provided a coherent framework to understand the formation of mountain ranges and oil-rich sedimentary basins, as well as the distribution of major catastrophic events such as volcanic eruptions and earthquakes. We now understand that it is an essential and unique feature of mantle convection but the processes behind still remain a major open question. Strain localization at the plate scale is crucial for the generation of plate tectonics from a convecting mantle but, while in the brittle field (producing faults) it is a well-known process, in the ductile regime –within 5/6 of the plates– it is still poorly understood. The most enigmatic point is the initiation of strain localization in a homogeneous and isotropic medium. How the deformation itself produces a heterogeneous weakening leading to localization: is it driven by shear heating or grain size reduction? Detailed microstructural observations on naturally-deformed rocks and existing laboratory experiments did not allow quantifying the processes that occur during plastic deformation thus the initiation of strain localization is still under debate. In this project we propose to obtain this data, which is essential for understanding and modeling strain localization due to microstructural evolution, via in situ experiments in SEM dedicated to the measurement of crystal orientations by indexation of EBSD patterns allowing for high-resolution characterization of the microstructural evolution during deformation. The proposed experiments will be performed on polycrystalline ice and magnesium, which (1) deform ductilely in the PT range of experimental conditions applicable in the SEM-EBSD, and (2) show strong anisotropy, hence, can model the viscoplastic deformation of major constituent minerals of the deep Earth’s interior (olivine and quartz). Results will be constrained by comparison with observations in natural shear zones.

Keywords: v201 physics of earth s interior - seismology - volcanology,v201 mineralogy - petrology - igneous petrology - metamorphic petrology,v201 geology - tectonics - volcanology
Cladogenesis and Niche Evolution in Madagascan Forests (MADCLADES)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2014-05-01
End date: 2016-04-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 221606.4
EU funding (EUR): 221606.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

MADCLADES will provide novel insights into the evolution of plant diversity in tropical forests, the world’s most biodiverse terrestrial ecosystems. It will also provide the first substantial insights into plant diversification on Madagascar. We will study the evolutionary assembly of the island’s forests using palms (Arecaceae) as a model group. Madagascan palms (195 spp., 192 endemic) are present in all forest types of the island and play an integral role in forest ecology. We will reconstruct the phylogeny of all Madagascan palms and use it together with information on species distributions, traits, and niches to address several outstanding questions of plant evolution. First, we will address the question why some clades have diversified excessively (e.g. Dypsidinae with 165 spp.) while others have not? Second, we will study the diversification of two larger clades in detail and test hypotheses regarding the roles of traits, niches, and environmental change. Third, we will focus on a small lineage to study a biome shift between savannah and forest at a population level. Finally, we will integrate the phylogenetic information with distribution data and IUCN Red List assessments to derive new conservation priorities for species and regions. The results will add to the fundamental knowledge about biodiversity dynamics that is required to tackle the societally important biodiversity crisis. The Researcher will receive intensive training in Next-Generation Sequencing for phylogenetics and phylogeography, cutting-edge evolutionary modelling, population genetics, conservation biology and collections-based research as well as additional research and transferable skills that are central to his development as an independent scientist. The output of MADCLADES will be communicated through high-impact science journals and various outreach mechanisms, highlighting excellence of the European Research Area and increasing public awareness of biodiversity issues.

Keywords: biodiversity,conservation,diversification,ecology,evolution,madagascar,next-generation sequencing,palaeo-environmental change,palms,phylogeny,plants,population genetics,tropical rainforest,speciation