Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Transformations of violence during the decline of insurgencies (TRANSFORMATIONS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Italy
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-09-01
End date: 2015-02-28
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 185763.6
EU funding (EUR): 185763.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This research project examines the transformation of violence during the decline of violent insurgencies. It starts from the observation that forms of violence and violent actors change and are re-shaped in various ways over the course of violent conflict, in particular during phases of decline. These processes often contribute to ending insurgent campaigns by weakening, isolating, or fragmenting insurgent movements, but at the same time entail a proliferation of armed groups and can result in the diffusion and perpetuation of violence well beyond the “official” end of insurgent conflicts. The aim of this research project is to identify typical patterns of transformation and to analyze the relational and environmental mechanisms that drive these processes. In particular, it focuses on the spread of indiscriminate violence, the intertwinement of political violence with other forms of violence, the emergence of hybrid violent actors, and processes of transnationalization. The project relies on a comparative analysis of three cases: the violent campaigns by Islamist movements in Egypt (al-Jamaa al-Islamiyya) and Algeria (GIA, GSPC) since the early 1990s, and the violent insurgency of Sendero Luminoso in Peru (1980 to the present), focusing on developments during and after the peak of insurgent mobilization. This comparison is designed to combine similarities in the structure and aims of the insurgent movements and in the patterns of violence with differences in their cultural and political setting, in order to identify basic common patterns and mechanisms. Building on my previous work on political violence, the aim of this research project is to develop a deeper understanding of the dynamics of violence during and after militant insurgencies. Applying relational process analysis to the field of violent insurgencies, the it draws upon and seeks to contribute to an innovative line of current research and to approach a hitherto unexplored field of study.

Keywords: social sciences,political violence,middle east
Hydrated Injection of Biomolecules into X-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFEL) (XFEL SAMPLE INJECTOR)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IIF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-08-01
End date: 2013-10-31
Duration (months): 15.0
Total project cost (EUR): 140289.0
EU funding (EUR): 140289.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Building upon the Gas Dynamic Virtual (GDVN) technology developed by the researcher at his home institution and upon the very successful use of these injectors for biomolecular structure measurement with seminal X-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFEL's), this project will enhance and expand GDVN capabilities for both the current and the next generation of XFEL's. Specific goals of this project are (1) reduction of sample consumption from the 1-10 microliters/minute of the current GDVN injectors down to under 100 nanoliters/min, (2) development and testing of specific experimental methods (capillary coatings, new GDVN methodology, improved flow systems) to expand the variety of biological samples that can be delivered using GVDN injectors, and (3) porting of this technology and knowledge to the European XFEL communities.

Keywords: biophysics,membrane protein structure determination,biomolecular serial x-ray diffraction,microscopic free liquid streams,gas dynamic virtual nozzles
Brain mechanisms of human limb movement sense (BRAINPROP)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Sweden
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IIF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-09-01
End date: 2014-08-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 174016.8
EU funding (EUR): 174016.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Proprioception involves the sense of limb position and movement of body parts. It is critical for motor control, as without knowing where your body parts are it is impossible to move them accurately. Proprioception relies on the integration of various inputs, from muscle spindle receptors, Golgi tendon organs, skin stretch receptors, visual, auditory and vestibular inputs, and signals of motor command. How and where these signals are integrated in the human brain is still unclear. Here we will use state-of-the-art brain imaging and brain stimulation methods in combination with perceptual illusions to identify neuronal populations that are involved in the integration of multisensory and efferent motor command signals for proprioception. Our hypothesis is that the primary motor cortex is involved in this process by storing a common neuronal representation of motor commands and movement sensations. Furthermore, the posterior parietal cortex is hypothesised to play an essential role in the integration of multisensory signals to optimise the sense of limb position. To test these predictions we will use limb-movement illusions induced by different combinations of efferent or afferent signals. In the efferent-induced illusory condition, subjects perceive movement when they try to move a limb, while this movement is prevented by either an ischemic or a physical block. In the afferent-induced condition, subjects perceive movement when their muscle stretch receptors are stimulated with tendon vibration. The role of visual signals will be studied by providing visual feedback of moving limbs with virtual reality technology. To identify groups of neurons with specific properties, we will use fMRI-adaption methods that extend the spatial limitation of traditional fMRI. After having identified key areas associated with proprioception, we will examine the causal interactions between them using neuronavigation-guided single-pulse and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.

Keywords: neurophysiology,fmri,tms,proprioception,motor control,movement illusion
DYNamic feedbacks of climate impacts on current Adaptation and Mitigation Investment Choice (DYNAMIC)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Italy
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IOF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-11-01
End date: 2014-10-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 186389.1
EU funding (EUR): 186389.1
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This projects proposes a novel framework to modeling the economic consequences of climate change impacts and the induced policy responses, in terms of both mitigation and adaptation strategies at regional scale. To accomplish this task, state-of-the-art IAMs will be modified to include (1) The causal chain between sectoral and regional economic activity and emissions; (2) The climate change feedbacks induced by temperature increase on the different economic sectors and regions; (3) The optimal policy response in terms of mitigation; (4) The optimal policy response in terms of regional and sectoral adaptation. This is a challenging task because of the different nature of adaptation and mitigation and the need of combining optimization with a regional/sectoral detail in a general equilibrium framework, but feasible. Integrating adaptation strategies in an optimization framework will allow to quantify adaptation needs under different mitigation and climate change damage scenarios and to study cross-sectoral spillovers and interactions between the two policy responses, with a sectoral resolution. The project proposed is intrinsically interdisciplinary, requiring a clear understanding of the scientific basis for estimating climate impacts and the skill to combine rigorous empirical analysis with judgment and assumptions in order to cope with incomplete or incommensurate data. The work will be articulated in three main activities: (1) Model development and coding; (2) Data gathering; and (3) Numerical exercises. The expected impact of this research is high because it will develop a roadmap that will serve the future research on induced regional adaptation in a macroeconomic framework.

Keywords: macroeconomics,environmental economics,integrated assessment model,mitigation,adaptation,climate change impacts
The Spectrum of Relative Definability (STRIDE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Bulgaria
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IOF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-08-16
End date: 2015-08-15
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 233465.4
EU funding (EUR): 233465.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

One of the principal threads in Mathematical Logic is to give a mathematical analysis of the notion of definability. Of particular interest is the relative definability of reals. Based on the fineness of ingredients that come into a particular definability notion, we obtain a whole spectrum of relative definability: effective translation (many-one reducibility), computation (Turing reducibility), existential definability (enumeration reducibility), number theoretic definability (arithmetic reducibility), and definability by the Borel operations (hyperarithmetic reducibility). We propose to study the spectrum of relative definability between subsets of the natural numbers. At the two endpoints, many-one and hyperarithmetic, we do have complete accounts and those accounts are completely different. We have only partial understanding of the spectrum between these two extremes and many important open questions. The main objective of this project is to study the to understand where in the spectrum moving from top to bottom the difference occurs. A special focus in this project will be the pair of the Turing and Enumeration degrees which is expected to hold the key for understanding this central question. The proposed project is inter-sectoral in its essence, as it examines the connection between structures that arise from Computability Theory with the structure of Second Order Arithmetic.The methodology used for these investigations place them at the intersecting point between the Computability Theory, Set Theory and Descriptive Set Theory.

Keywords: mathematical logic,degree theory,definability,set theory,descriptive set theory
Navigating Stigma: People with Intellectual Disability Creating Inclusive Communities (NAVIGATING STIGMA)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Ireland
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG, 2011)
Start date: 2012-05-01
End date: 2016-04-30
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Creating inclusive communities that include people with intellectual disabilities is the central aim of this proposal, one that aligns with the UN Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities. In order to promote social inclusion, we must develop policies and practices that first acknowledge and then disrupt the influence of stigma in the lives of people with disabilities. There are three interconnected strands of this programme of research that will co-occur over the four years of the CIG. The first is designed to gather the breadth of experiences of people with disabilities as they navigate stigma in their lives. This will be accomplished through research projects completed by postgraduate students under the supervision of the Principal Investigator. The second strand, the centrepiece of this proposal, narrows the focus to provide in-depth analysis of experiences of people with intellectual disabilities as they transition from institutions into community living in 3 international ethnographic case studies. The three sites include Nova Scotia, Canada, Ireland (Limerick), and the UK (Manchester). The third strand will build the research capacity within the community of people with intellectual disabilities initially in Ireland and then internationally. in combination, these three strands of research will enable the Principal Investigator to become part of an EU based international research network that attends to how policies shape the lives of people with intellectual disabilities, while simultaneously enabling people with intellectual disabilities to in turn inform the development of future polices.

Keywords: people with intellectual disability,international ethnographic case studies,disability studies,social inclusion,disrupting stigma,research capacity building,disability rights,social sciences
Towards systematization of NNLO theoretical predictions for advanced phenomenology at the LHC (CRUNCHLOOPS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-10-01
End date: 2014-09-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 168896.4
EU funding (EUR): 168896.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The physics program of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN will help us answer some of the most fundamental unresolved questions in physics. Any verification of present knowledge or solid proof of new physics will only come after copious efforts of comparing experimental data against accurate theoretical predictions. For most of the processes at the LHC, calculating perturbative corrections in quantum field theory at the next-to-leading order (NLO) is sufficient whereas for some processes next-to-next-to-leading order theoretical predictions (NNLO) are needed, a highly non trivial theoretical task. We propose to apply a novel technique, the Duality Relation between loop Feynman integrals and phase-space integrals, to the study of W pair + jet production to NNLO at the LHC, an important process and currently beyond the state-of-the-art. Secondly, we propose to create a public library with the results of all the two-loop Feynman integrals necessary for some of the most important LHC processes that are needed to NNLO. Our two objectives are complementary and we expect that they will help towards the development of new NNLO partonic Monte Carlo event generators in our field. If the Duality Relation approach to phenomenological studies proves to be an optimal choice, as we believe, we will manage to succeed in having a unified treatment of the real and virtual radiation amplitudes paving the path towards the systematization of the LHC phenomenology to NNLO.

Keywords: physical sciences,physics,elementary particles and fields,quantum field theory,collider physics,lhc,lhc phenomenology
New Urbanism vs Compact City: Investigation of the relationships between urban micro- and macro- scale effects on travel behaviour (NEWCOMPACTISM)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IOF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-10-01
End date: 2014-09-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 185363.4
EU funding (EUR): 185363.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Urban sprawl and excessive car use are two critical threats for the sustainability of contemporary cities. Two main planning approaches have so far been proposed to address these phenomena: The “New Urbanism” and the “Compact City”. One of the main criteria was their environmental effectiveness, especially on transport. Thus, a considerable number of studies focused on the relationship between urban form and travel choices. The main difference is that in US the focus was mainly on the relation between urban micro-scale characteristics (road network structure, bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure, urban furniture, density at the neighbourhood level, local accessibility) and travel behaviour, while in Europe most studies focused on urban macro-scale (city density, distance to center, land use mix). The paradox, however, is that although policies and plans at both scales (micro-US, macro-Europe) have been promoted, the phenomena continue to expand on both continents. Could the interventions in only one spatial level lead to significant changes of travel behaviour? Should the interventions be directed towards both spatial levels simultaneously? What is the optimal mix between urban micro- and macro- scale policies for a sustainable urban perspective? Which are the parameters that affect this ideal balance of planning policies? The proposed research will investigate through quantitative and qualitative methods the effects of urban macro- and micro- scale characteristics on travel behaviour in different urban environments (Europe and US) focusing on the structural relationships between the two spatial levels. To investigate this relationship, a new critical parameter is introduced: the action space of the alternative means. In a second level the aim is to translate these relationships into integrated urban and transport policies scenarios, to evaluate them in terms of environmental efficiency and finally identify optimal policy scenarios of spatial development.

Keywords: new urbanism,compact city,urban micro-/macro- scale characteristics,travel behaviour,alternative means action space,integrated urban and transport policies scenarios
Molecular electron transport junctions: spectroscopy of vibrational effects and their controlled manipulation (ELECTRANS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-04-01
End date: 2014-03-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 180342.0
EU funding (EUR): 180342.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

It is proposed to experimentally study electron transport through molecular junctions and the influence of electron-phonon interaction on the transport, using current-voltage characteristics and inelastic tunneling spectra, while molecular vibrations in the junction are excited with infrared radiation. It has been predicted from theory that the non-equilibrium vibrational distribution will strongly affect the electron transport and that the molecular junction will effectively act as an optical switch. In combination with inelastic tunneling spectroscopy the proposed approach method may well prove to be very powerful in examining electron transport paths in molecules. Apart from simple organic molecules, also a redox protein, Azurin, will be used as sample, to explore relevance for the emergent field of bioelectronics.

Keywords: materials engineering,nanotechnology,chemical physics,molecular electronics,surface physics,surface chemistry,experimental physics
Triggering Mechanisms of Snow Slab Avalanches (TRIME)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IIF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-07-01
End date: 2014-06-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 201932.4
EU funding (EUR): 201932.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Snow avalanche is the most frequent type of slope failure in mountainous areas of the world. In total, approximately 15% of Europe’s and 6% of Earth’s land may be considered as avalanche prone-areas. Avalanches claim hundreds of lives annually worldwide and there have been historical cases with death tolls between hundreds and thousands of people during one event or winter season. One of the main goals of snow avalanche research is to forecast natural or induced mechanical failure of a sloping layered snowpack in order to estimate potential damage to human activities in mountain regions and to be able to conduct risk-oriented planning. The deadliest type of snow avalanches are slab avalanches, which start from a failure of a cohesive horizon of snow, or “slab”, underlaid by a so called “weak layer”. The nature of weak layer deformation is considered the crux of slab stability. At present, the origin of initial failure and the failure process in the weak layer remain poorly understood. In order to contribute to development of a mechanical model of snow fracture, and to provide tools to estimate initial conditions for avalanche dynamic models for hazard mapping and risk management, we propose to investigate the mechanical behavior of weak layers and their relationship to slope-scale instability. Key objectives of the study are: 1) To design instrumental apparatus for both cold laboratory and in situ field work to study the mechanical behavior of snow weak layers. 2) To obtain, through experiment, fully operational mechanical laws of different types of alpine snow weak layers. 3) To critically review existing modeling approaches for weak layer and slab in order to couple best existing practices with experimentally obtained results. 4) To relate the micro and meso-scale weak layer behavior to the macro-scale slab failure by means of numerical modeling for development of a next generation numerical model describing the mechanical behavior of a snow slab on a slope.

Keywords: natural hazards,snow,avalanche,risk assessment,disaster preparedness,geomechanics,geotechnics,soil mechanics,structural mechanics,engineering mathematics,modelling tools