Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Contested mix: towards a reframing of spatial policies in multi-ethnic environments (CONTESTED MIX)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-10-01
End date: 2014-03-31
Duration (months): 18.0
Total project cost (EUR): 209105.55
EU funding (EUR): 209105.55
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Immigration is a “hot issue” in many European countries and the cities represent the main gateway for the majority of the newcomers. From the spatial dynamics and policies’ point of view, the debate on urban space and immigration has been dominated by the topic of the problematic aspects of the newcomers’ concentration in specific neighbourhoods. In this direction, space policies have always been characterized by a dominant approach aimed at mitigating forms of concentration, dispersing the immigrants groups across the urban territory. In the last twenty years these forms of intervention have mainly resulted in the promotion of "social mixing" initiatives that the proposal puts under critical observation. In this direction, a core objective is considering some core concepts and narratives that underpin analysis and forms of intervention in multi-ethnic neighborhoods as “assumptions” that, far to be proofed, play a large part in conditioning the public debate and policy agendas on this issue, but also in orientating the researchers’ ways of seeing. This objective implies a reframing of the descriptions and of the forms of intervention in multi-ethnic settlements, considering the “concentration/segregation” issue as a powerful “assumption” that is at once both descriptive and prescriptive leading to “mixing” policies as an embedded answer to descriptions based on concentration. In this general context, the project aims at challenging existing descriptions of multi-ethnic settlements, at detecting alternative modes of interventions in such urban environments with a particular attention to the role that the public hand may play in the face of the welfare restructuring, at developing innovative methodologies and intellectual approaches to these neighbourhoods and at establishing a series of policy recommendations that will be of value to urban policy across the EU.

Keywords: town planning and urban policy in multi-ethnic contexts,urban quality of life,urban sustainable cities and rational resource management
The invention of a diaspora: the case of Arbëresh (ALBANIAN DIASPORA)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-08-01
End date: 2014-07-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 260758.8
EU funding (EUR): 260758.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This project will study the formation of the Arbëresh minority, currently one of the twelve officially recognized linguistic minorities in Italy. This proposal aims to address the problem of identity construction as started by diverse immigrant groups that, notwithstanding their common origin roughly corresponding to present-day Albania, were at first very different from one another in terms of religion, culture and language. In particular, this research will allow to critically reconsider the concept of diaspora. Scholars have so far analyzed diaspora phenomena as coherent units of geographically dispersed people bound by sentiment, culture and history. On the contrary, this project aims to demonstrate that the cultural identity of a diaspora is not necessarily formed by the dispersion of ethnically homogeneous groups, but it is rather the result of a long-term process that can take place in the host countries. The project is divided into three parts. The first part studies the Albanian emigration to Southern Italy in the fifteenth and sixteenth century and the foundation of rural communities on Italian territory by immigrants. The second part examines the period of the Counter-Reformation. The Albanian colonies became part of the Catholic Church, but at the same time they adopted a particular religious rite, the so-called Greek rite, which has distinguished them from the Catholic majority. The result was the birth of a Uniate Catholic Church in 1595, which brought together the various Albanian colonies in Italy. The third part studies the achievement of ethnic identity in the seventeenth century, on the basis of the religious identity. The project will be carried out at the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales in Paris, which is currently engaged in several international and European research projects focused on the history of diasporas. The main expected result is the preparation of a book that will be the fourth monograph of the researcher
Strong curvature corrections to General Relativity: consequences for astrophysics and for particle physics (ASTRONGR)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Portugal
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-06-01
End date: 2014-05-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 151426.8
EU funding (EUR): 151426.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Formulated by Einstein in 1916, General Relativity (GR) passed many stringent tests, and is now accepted as the standard theory of gravity and one of mankind's greatest achievements. Nevertheless, most experiments can only probe the low-curvature regime, while the strong curvature regime remains essentially unexplored. Exactly in this regime the dynamics of black holes (BHs) and neutron stars (NSs) can sensibly differ from GR, with potentially observable effects. BHs are among the most exciting predictions of many gravity theories and play a key role in fundamental physics. BHs and NSs share two unique properties: they have an enormous gravitational field and they are very common in the universe. Thus, they are perfect testbeds to probe strong-field effects in gravity. Strong motivations exist to go beyond GR. These include singularity and quantization issues, as well as astrophysical issues related to the dark matter and dark energy problem. Assuming GR as the correct theory of gravity in the elusive strong-field regime, we are introducing a bias, which can affect astrophysical observations and our understanding of the Universe. The most promising way to investigate strong curvature effects is by detecting gravitational waves (GWs) emitted from compact objects. Predicted by Einstein in 1916, GWs still have not been detected due to their feebleness. This state of affairs may change in the near future, thanks to the GW observatories operating in Europe, USA and Japan. Our ambitious program to test effects beyond GR in BH and NS physics may have a profound impact in astrophysics and in fundamental physics. In particular we aim to: - Develop a general framework, in which all viable corrections to GR can be accommodated and investigate effects beyond GR by means of "GW spectroscopy" - Constrain alternative theories by a combined analysis of the GW spectrum from BHs and of the internal structure of NSs, using data-analysis techniques and state-of-the-art observations

Keywords: astrophysics,black holes,neutron stars,gravitational waves,gravitational-wave detectors,general relativity,high-energy physics
Hume’s Ethics of Virtue: Sentiments, Character, and Reflection (HUMVIRET)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-10-01
End date: 2014-09-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 270145.8
EU funding (EUR): 270145.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This research project aims at presenting the moral philosophy of David Hume as an original Ethics of Virtue, in line with the Virtue Ethics tradition, to be presented as a promising theoretical alternative within present-day ethical debate. Hume’s ethical thought has been an ongoing source of inspiration for many, but it has been interpreted in different, often conflicting ways. This research project will read it as the clearest and most convincing form of sentimentalism, i.e. the stance whereby the sphere of ethics can be completely explained and justified by a methodical enquiry into the sentiments and passions of human nature, and not by making reference to reason, or to an external moral reality. Through an interdisciplinary enquiry which combines together an extensive study of Hume texts, a careful examination of the secondary literature by Hume scholars, and a strict discussion of the latest advancements in contemporary moral philosophy, Hume’s sentimentalism will be presented as an account of morality in terms of the capacity of passionally defined agents to put their moral sentiments under reflective scrutiny. An investigation of Hume’s ethical solutions in the light of sentimentalism, read in a reflective light, is an interesting theoretical platform from which to deepen our knowledge of Hume, and address in a brand-new and systematic way some central themes in contemporary moral philosophy regarding the nature of normativity, its relation to people’s motivation, and the structure of people’s characters considered as virtuous agents.

Keywords: humanities,hume,moral philosophy,moral psychology
‘GET READY, WORKERS OF SPAIN!’ : THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE NATURE OF POST-WORLD WAR I SOCIAL CONFLICT IN SPAIN (RUSSIA-IN-SPAIN)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Ireland
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-10-01
End date: 2014-09-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 200196.6
EU funding (EUR): 200196.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

For this project, Dr. James Matthews will research the effects of the Russian Revolution of 1917 and its aftermath – the Russian Civil War – in the causation and course of post-World War I (WWI) political and revolutionary upheavals in Spain between 1917 and 1923, one of the most bitter social conflicts in post-war Europe. He will analyze the history of transmission of information and ideas with the aim of understanding the links between reported events from Russia and the militancy of Spanish organized labour and peasantry, which was particularly concentrated in Catalonia and Andalusia. Post-WWI social conflict helped shape the course of twentieth-century Spanish history, and its legacies include the Primo dictatorship and violent social warfare in the Spanish Civil War. While the period has attracted significant academic interest, it has lost ground in Spanish historiography over the last 30 years. Nevertheless, crucial questions, such as the international influence on the course and nature of the social conflict, are not yet well understood. The objective of the proposed research is to determine the role of transmission of information from Russia to Spain during this period. Matthews will analyze references to the Russian Revolution in the Spanish press, as well as the image of revolutionary Russia constructed by political and union representatives, political delegates and other transmitters, such as film screenings. He will study militants as well as references to Russia from government and counter-revolutionary groups. The results from this objective will shed new light on the image of revolutionary Russia from Spanish perspective. The project will also significantly expand on the current historiographical interest in studying social movements from the perspective of low-ranking participants and will elucidate on Spanish workers and peasants’ motivations, methods and external influences in engaging in social protest between 1917 and 1923.

Keywords: modern history,post-world war i spanish social conflict,militancy,anarchism,socialism,russian revolution,ideology,twentieth-century spain
Synthetic gene regulatory networks for single-stripe gene expression (SYNTHSTRIPE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-08-01
End date: 2014-07-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 168896.4
EU funding (EUR): 168896.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

A pivotal question in developmental biology is how cellular gene regulatory networks can respond to a signalling molecule in a concentration-dependent manner. This can now be studied using the modern tools of synthetic biology, an emerging research field that applies engineering approaches to biological systems. This project aims to adapt and develop a band-forming model in E. coli. It will explore systematically the parameter and network space that regulates the formation of a single stripe of gene expression in a morphogen gradient. The full design space of 3-gene networks, where one gene is activated by the morphogen, is 9,710 (isometric networks removed). We are therefore building a flexible network 'scaffold' that will allow the construction of any such circuit and, in particular, the six core topologies predicted in silico to form single stripes. Rational design of gene regulatory networks in vivo is extremely challenging, due to the complex interactions in living cells. Therefore, we are exploring the parameter space that leads to functional band-forming networks by building combinatorial libraries, followed by selection for an appropriate survival pressure. The synthetic networks are engineered with the potential to react as concentration band filters, with respect to a morphogen concentration. The RNA polymerases from the T7 and SP6 phages are used as activators and artificial zinc finger DNA-binding domains, cI and lacI as repressors. The output of the gene regulatory networks is a selectable gene, fused to a green fluorescent protein, which can be used for selection, counterselection and quantification.

Keywords: synthetic biology,systems biology,gene regulatory networks,developmental biology,biological engineering
Bacteria with Multiple Chromosomes: Interplay between genome architecture and cell physilogy (BMC)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IIF, 2011)
Start date: 2013-03-01
End date: 2015-02-28
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 201932.4
EU funding (EUR): 201932.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Bacteria with Multiple-Chromosomes (BMC) are relatively frequent. This project was designed to understand the advantages of such a genomic organization. Based on observations from comparative genomics these could be: shorter generation time by providing additional origins of replication, a differential chromosome copy number regulation that changes relatives gene doses of the unlinked gene sets and physical separation of the “core genome” and the “flexible genome” genes. This project will focus principally on the two last hypotheses addressing them experimentally using leading-edge techniques. Vibrio cholera will be used as model. Its genome consists of two circular chromosomes that vary in their origin of replication (oriCI and oriCII respectively). The project will study extensively rearranged V. cholera strains obtained through genomic engineering techniques. Monochromosomal under oriCI or oriCII derivatives will be employed. Strains where both chromosomes will be under oriCI or oriCII control will also be analyzed. All strains transcriptomes will be analyzed using Illumina RNA-seq. These studies will show to what extent variation in genome structure can affect the relative gene expression. The exploration of the relative accessibility of the two chromosomes to DNA integration will be probed. These experiments will contribute to understand differences in architecture plasticity, gene content and lack of genetic flux between both chromosomes. The proposed researcher profile matches to project needs. The host institution has all facilities needed. All former trainees of the proposed supervisor have progressed in their academic careers. Hence the project is feasible and has great chances to be completed successfully. EU excellence and competiveness in Science will benefit from training shuch an excellent applicant in the best scientific environment and will give the chance to generate a long-term collaboration with Argentina.

Keywords: natural sciences,vibrio cholerae,genome,synthetic biology,genome architecture,transcriptome,rnaseq,site-specific recombination,genome plasticity,core genome,recombination
Interaction of relative and absolute depth signals in the primate brain (REAL-DEPTH)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IIF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-09-01
End date: 2014-08-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 201932.4
EU funding (EUR): 201932.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Human and non-human primates possess exquisitely sensitive depth processing that aids their ability to perceive and interact with objects in a three-dimensional environment. Simple actions like grasping an object involve complex cerebral mechanisms that not only provide information about the distance of the object relative to the point of ocular fixation but also combine it with an estimate of the viewing distance to recover the real metric depth of the object. Little is known about how and where the brain encodes viewing distance in a reference system centred on the body and how this information is used to encode object depth. A current theory supposes that real depth could be obtained from a change, produced by extra-retinal signals, in the gain response of disparity neurons. This proposal will focus on the influence of vergence signals on depth encoding in humans and monkeys. To examine both the similarities and differences between the neural mechanisms involved in the two species, we will use the same experimental protocols and perform functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measurements. We will characterize the activation within well-defined functional areas and use state-of-art classification methods based on multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA). Additional fMRI recordings on monkeys will be performed using a new de-activation cooling technique to assess the causal influence of vergence signals on real-depth encoding. The advanced imaging facilities in the host institution and the concentration of world experts in 3D vision make it an optimal location for the proposed study. The research project has multiple potential applications in robotics or clinical abnormalities such as amblyopia and also 3D video enhancement. It is therefore of interest for a wide range of scientists in fields including neuroscience, medicine, engineering and species evolution. It will contribute to building new connections between the European Research Area and the United States.

Keywords: human biology,laboratory animal science,monkey and human brain imaging,brain homologies,3d space processing
Heme/copper and heme/non-heme diiron model systems for O2 reduction (HEME/(CU-FE)-O2-RED)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IOF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-04-01
End date: 2015-03-31
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 256206.0
EU funding (EUR): 256206.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

One of the more challenging issues chemistry will have to face during the next century will be the replacement of energetic technologies based on oil consumption. Over millions of years of evolution, living organisms have developed clean and efficient strategies to solve the energetic issue: (i) during the photosynthesis, two molecules of water are oxidized to form molecular oxygen and sunlight energy is transformed into protons and electrons which are then used in the reduction of CO2 to form carbohydrates; (ii) in aerobic respiration, the cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) promotes the reduction of O2 to H2O (4e- + 4H+), generating ATP. Consequently, almost all the energy produced in living organisms involves three basic elements, light, water and oxygen, sources widely available in Earth. Different authors have pointed to the development of fuel cells using H2 and O2 as sustainable alternative to energy sources based on fuel combustion: the use of low-weight bioinspired model systems of the active center of the CcO attached to the surface of the electrode could catalyze at low potentials the reduction of O2. During the outgoing phase, the research plan we will focus on the development of new bioinspired heme/copper systems (active center of CcO) in order to reveal structural and mechanistic details of the O2 reduction performed by CcO. During the returning phase, the applicant will take advantage of the knowledge acquired during the outgoing phase to develop new heme/non-heme diiron systems as potential catalysts for O2 reduction. Due to the excellence of the host groups, this project will suppose a significant advance in the career of the applicant, giving him all the required skills to continue his career as independent researcher. Moreover, this project may provide crucial knowledge for the development of new green, economical and sustainable energy sources, a crucial issue for the socio-economic development of the European Union for the next century.

Keywords: chemistry,inorganic chemistry,fuel cell technology,biochemistry,reaction mechanisms ands dynamics