Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Between Penal Revolution and National Resistances. The Influence of the Napoleonic Judicial Model in Continental Europe (1808-1814) (INJMCE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Italy
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-IEF-2008, 2008)
Start date: 2009-09-01
End date: 2011-08-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 164526.89
EU funding (EUR): 164526.89
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

My research project aims to define the principles of the Napoleon judicial model and to evaluate their influence in the European regions annexed by the French Empire: Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, and the Rhineland. By using a comparative approach, I intend to reexamine the image of imperial justice, which has been conceived as an invariable mass of granite, universal and inflexible, founded on an utilitarian, centralized and authoritarian application of law. Such a sanctification of imperial justice corresponds perfectly to the image promoted by the Napoleonic political system. As we approach the bicentenary of the Codes of 1808 and 1810, it seems necessary to assess the viability of this traditional image by revisiting the practice of imperial justice. Belgium, the Netherlands, the Rhineland and Italy, all show a very different acceptance of the Napoleonic model. Such divergence indicates that the foreign departments did not apply French law in any unilateral way and throws into question the generally propagated representation of a monolithic imposition of the Napoleonic Codes. The aim of this project is, therefore, to evaluate the successes and failures occasioned by the model’s exportation. This question is essential to understand the reasons why Napoleonic justice lastingly influenced numerous European countries, even until the present day. The study of these issues is composed of two aspects: documentary research about the practice of penal jurisdictions in the chosen regions and an organization of international and interdisciplinary meetings on the theme of this research. Through formal discussions with fellow researchers and the organization of an international conference, I wish to deepen and facilitate a common reflection on the heritage and influence of the Napoleonic judicial model in the construction of national penal justices in Continental Europe.

Keywords: history,criminal justice,judicial model,napoleonic empire,european justice,national resistance,judicial acculturation,individual liberties,governmental authoritarianism,popular justice
The role of p16INK4a in the development of obesity and insulin resistance (P16 AND METABOLISM)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-IEF-2008, 2008)
Start date: 2009-03-02
End date: 2011-03-01
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 164310.52
EU funding (EUR): 164310.52
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Genome-wide association studies have linked the CDKN2A locus to an increased risk of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), which is mostly accompanied by insulin resistance (IR) and obesity. The CDKN2A locus encodes p16INK4a, a tumor suppressor. p16INK4a is an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases, which regulate the cell cycle. Recent studies have shown a link between p16INK4a and the control of inflammation. T2D is an inflammatory disease, in which macrophages are important effector cells. Moreover, adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) have been found necessary and sufficient for IR to develop. Resident ATMs are known to display an anti-inflammatory “M2” phenotype. Upon obesity, a switch towards a pro-inflammatory “M1” phenotype has been described, inducing adipocyte dysfunction and systemic IR. Additionally, recent findings from the host laboratory indicate that macrophages lacking p16INK4a exhibit a M2 phenotype. Therefore, we hypothesize that p16INK4a may play a role in the development of IR and obesity, possibly by influencing macrophage polarization. To study the role of macrophage p16INK4a in obesity and IR, we will perform a series of bone marrow transplantation experiments, creating mice that lack p16INK4a immune cells (like ATMs) but not in other cells of the body. Several metabolic parameters, like insulin and glucose tolerance, will be analyzed in vivo. Tissues of these animals will be examined thoroughly on mRNA and protein level. The molecular mechanisms of p16INK4a action on macrophage polarization will be further investigated with microarray analysis of isolated ATMs. In addition, the effects of p16INK4a deficient macrophages on adipocytes will be determined in vitro via direct and indirect co-culture experiments. Finally, using this experimental setup of co-culture, the influence of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors on the interplay between ATMs and adipocytes will be determined.

Keywords: metabolic syndrome,p16,macrophage,inflammation,insulin resistance,diabetes,adipose tissue,cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor,peroxisome proliferator activatied receptor,health sciences
Analytic Donaldson-Thomas invariants (AN D-T INVARIANTS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-IIF-2008, 2008)
Start date: 2010-01-14
End date: 2012-01-13
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 164269.69
EU funding (EUR): 164269.69
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Calabi-Yau 3-folds are 6-dimensional spaces with a rich geometrical structure. In Mathematics, Calabi-Yau 3-folds are interesting to Algebraic, Symplectic and Differential Geometers. In Physics, they are essential ingredients for building a universe: String Theory claims the universe has 10 dimensions, and is the product of a large 4-dimensional space-time with a small Calabi-Yau 3-fold. String Theorists made some strange and exciting conjectures about Calabi-Yau 3-folds, known as &quot;Mirror Symmetry&quot;. Many of these concern &quot;invariants&quot;, numbers associated to the Calabi-Yau 3-fold, which for deep reasons depend on only part of the geometric structure. This proposal concerns &quot;Donaldson-Thomas (D-T) invariants&quot; of Calabi-Yau 3-folds M. These are integers which &quot;count&quot; geometric objects called coherent sheaves on M. The definition of D-T invariants uses algebraic geometry, and requires both a symplectic structure (polarization) and a complex structure, but the invariants are unchanged by deformations of the complex structure. Our goal is to find a new symplectic definition of D-T invariants using gauge theory. Given a compact symplectic 6-manifold with c1=0 we choose a compatible generic almost complex structure J and define new &quot;analytic D-T invariants&quot; which &quot;count&quot; solutions of a gauge-theory equation generalizing Hermitian-Einstein connections. This is a substitute for counting holomorphic vector bundles, the simplest kind of coherent sheaf. The difficult issues concern compactness of the moduli spaces, and understanding limits of solutions. We aim to show these analytic D-T invariants are independent of J, and depend only on M as a symplectic manifold. We aim to formulate a &quot;generalized MNOP conjecture&quot; which expresses usual D-T invariants in terms of our analytic D-T invariants and the Gromov-Witten invariants and Betti numbers of M. This brings D-T invariants into symplectic geometry, and also reveals new symmetries and structure in D-T invariants.

Keywords: calabi-yau manifolds,donaldson-thomas invariants,string theory,mirror symmetry,holomorphic vector bundles,coherent sheaves,gauge theory,hermitian-einstein connections,instanton
Reconfiguration of Catholic women’s league militancy in France and in Italy (1919-1939) (GENDERFASCISM)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Italy
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-IEF-2008, 2008)
Start date: 2009-09-01
End date: 2011-08-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 164526.89
EU funding (EUR): 164526.89
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This comparative project about catholic women in Italy and in France during the Interwar period (1920-1939) will benefit from the EUI international perspective and structure. Having just completed a comparative study of two important mass organizations of conservative Catholic women in early 20th century France and Italy, namely the Ligue patriotique des Françaises and the Unione fra le donne cattoliche d’Italia, I would like to turn my attention to the vital question of the reconfiguration of French and Italian catholic women’s militancy during the twenties and the thirties. This new project is inspired by a recent discovery made in the archives of Pontifical archives and the Pope Pius XI funds (recently open to scholars) while completing the research for my doctoral thesis. By examining individual political trajectories in the context of collective political stances, this research allowed me to reflect more deeply on processes of politicization at a moment of broader democratization in French and Italian politics (1902-19 in Italy, 1902-33 in France). This post-doctoral project that will continue to follow the political trajectories of different kinds of militants over time, but broadening the scope so as to take into account center and center-left feminists as well as right-wing women in a comparative consideration of the vast re-shuffling of the political deck in the face of fascist and extreme right-wing challenges to democratic politics in the interwar period. Not only would the Marie Curie fellowship afford the time needed for such an ambitious study, it would also allow me to access specific publications held in the Biblioteca Nazionale di Firenze, and to encounter international specialists of European history based in the department of History and Civilization. Equally important, it will provide a pluridisciplinary perspective to this project.

Keywords: social sciences,gender,fascism catholicism,history,politics,citizenship,france,italy.
Oxygen Activation in Ribonucleotide Reductase and Multicopper Oxidases Proteins (ACTIVOXY)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Norway
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-IEF-2008, 2008)
Start date: 2009-06-01
End date: 2011-05-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 202542.89
EU funding (EUR): 202542.89
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Boundaries among biological, chemical and physical domains are nowadays fading, and the complex phenomena observed in Nature as well as in artificial systems can only be tackled from a broader/interdisciplinary perspective. In this context, the biological activation of the molecular oxygen is a fascinating and yet complex process. The ability to store, transport and utilize this simple molecule gated evolution of life in our planet and led to growth and selection of a variety of organisms. Complex molecules selected by Nature as active in “key metabolic paths” of the oxygen in life often contain copper and/or iron metal ions as reactive centres. A wide variety of experimental results and theoretical investigations show that the metallo-oxygen interactions have dominant states that are not spatially homogeneous (anisotropy). These effects occur when a number of physical interactions such as spin, charge, lattice (crystal-field), and/or orbitals are simultaneously active. The result of these interlocked numbers of factors links biology to chemistry and molecular physic, and allow the oxygen to be used in different ways within metabolism. The research proposal presented herein aims to investigate the red/ox mechanism and the connected energetic of the oxygen activation process in a series of di-iron (Ribonucleotide Reductase, RNR, Class I R2) and copper protein (multicopper oxidases) through the use of spectroscopic methods (EPR X-Q, high field EPR, CD, MCD, rR resonance Raman), structural (X-ray) and kinetic analyses (stopped flow, cryoenzymology). The endeavour is directed towards a better understanding of the geometric and electronic structure of metal-oxygen interactions that contribute to define O2 reactivity. These studies will provide molecular level insight into oxygen and metal metabolism, disease states, bioremediation and possible the development of efficient drugs inhibitor.

Keywords: bioenergetics,molecular biology,biochemistry,biophysics
Toward new polymeric materials by metal-mediated controlled radical polymerization (METMED-CRP)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-IIF-2008, 2008)
Start date: 2009-06-01
End date: 2011-05-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 166011.55
EU funding (EUR): 166011.55
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Controlled radical polymerization has revolutionized polymer research and has already started to revolutionize the polymer industry as previously unthinkable and complex polymer architectures are becoming available. However, access to a wider variety of polymer material is limited by the inability (so far) to control the radical polymerization of nucleophilic monomers. The host team is a world leader in the understanding and application of transition metal one-electron processes (homolytic bond breaking, atom transfer) to controlled radical polymerization and has recently obtained an important breakthrough in this area, by showing how the strength of metal-carbon bonds in organometallic complexes can be tuned to control the polymerization of vinyl acetate by the organometallic radical polymerization (OMRP) mechanism. The post-doctoral candidate has received outstanding training in precision polymer synthesis by ATRP from one of the leading polymer groups in Korea, and he has also familiarity with simple coordination compounds of a few metals commonly used for ATRP. Thus, he has the perfect background to give a strong contribution to this area. This fellowship represents an opportunity for the researcher to receive high quality training in the research area that is not yet highly developed in his own Country (China). Therefore, the training experience and the acquired know-how will be most valuable for a future reintegration of the researcher in his own Country either in an academic or in an industrial environment and for the development of a fruitful continuing collaboration with the host group.

Keywords: organometallic chemistry,macromolecular chemistry,controlled radical polymerization,radical chemistry,one-electron processes
Information processing in distal dendrites of neocortical layer 5 pyramidal neurons (CHANNELRHODOPSIN)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-IEF-2008, 2008)
Start date: 2009-03-01
End date: 2011-02-28
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 180216.74
EU funding (EUR): 180216.74
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The aim of the current proposal is to investigate how synaptic inputs that innervate the distal dendrites of central neurons are integrated to form a neuronal output. The distal dendritic tree is the dendritic compartment furthest away from the action potential initiation zone. In the neocortex ascending afferent and intra-cortical information converges in neocortical layer 1 suggesting a prominent functional role, however only the most distal apical dendrites of layer 5 pyramidal neurons enter layer 1. We hypothesise that synaptic inputs are locally integrated at distal dendritic sites, perhaps in individual dendritic branches, leading to the generation of dendritic spikes as an output of compartmentalised integration. This hypothesis has until now been difficult to test experimentally as such distal dendrites are not amenable to direct electrical recording techniques. We plan to explore if these structures are capable of generating regenerative spike activity by remotely exciting individual branches of the distal apical dendritic tree using light-activated ion channels expressed in neocortical pyramidal neurons and measuring electrical activity at accessible nearby large calibre apical dendritic trunk sites and the soma. The use of light-activated channels to excite neurons is at the cutting edge of neuroscience research. Our plan is to use these channels to excite individual dendritic elements; a proposal that will require a multidisciplinary approach utilizing molecular, microscopy and electrophysiological approaches in an attempt to unravel the integrative operations of central neurons.

Keywords: neurosciences,neurophysiology
Electrochemical Silicon Layers Formation in Fused Salts (ELSI)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-IEF-2008, 2008)
Start date: 2009-10-01
End date: 2011-09-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 246983.34
EU funding (EUR): 246983.34
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The goal of this project is to create new electrochemical methods of silicon layer formation in fused salt electrolytes in the range of thicknesses from nanometres to micrometres. The research aims to achieve results of high technological significance – formation of silicon thin films for photovoltaic applications (e.g. solar cells). The advantages of the proposed electrochemical SiO2 deoxidation include: 1) possibility to use electrons as absolutely clean agents instead of toxic volatile chemicals used in classical processes; 2) energy efficiency; 3) spatial control of the silicon formation from pinpoint to complete layer, which will open new possibilities for microelectromechanical systems and silicon chip technologies; 4) control of the composition, morphology, structure and crystallinity of the layers depending on the operating conditions. Socio-economic reasons of the project stem from the imperative to search for effective substitutes of fossil energy. Solar energy can be converted to electricity with no impact on the environment and the fuel is free. However, so far, solar energy is expensive. The major part of its costs is related to materials, mainly silicon, which is the most widely used material for manufacture of solar elements. The classical processes of silicon production are highly energy consuming, low efficiency and unfriendly to the environment. The project proposes a new advantageous methods, which offer an opportunity to avoid the drawbacks of classical processes. The research results will be important to major European solar electricity programmes.

Keywords: technological sciences,physical sciences,silicon,electrochemistry,deoxidation,fused salts,photovoltaic,solar cells
Detecting Compton thick AGN with the European missions XMM and Herschel (CTAGN)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Italy
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-IEF-2008, 2008)
Start date: 2009-11-02
End date: 2011-11-01
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 227541.01
EU funding (EUR): 227541.01
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

We propose to derive the most accurate determination yet of the space density of Compton thick AGN using both X-ray spectroscopy and mid and far-IR techniques. In particular we propose to analyse the deepest XMM observations ever obtained (1.3Ms) to directly identify highly obscured sources in the Chandra Deep Field South through their X-ray spectrra. Still, according to the models, the bulk of the Compton thick sources should reside at even fainter fluxes i.e. they remain undetected even in the deepest Chandra exposures. Therefore the second part of our project is the identification of candidate Compton thick sources exploiting data from the IR Herschel and Spitzer missions. We will construct the spectral energy distribution of iR selected sources, searching for those with excess mid-IR emission over the optical and far-IR emission. Then X-ray stacking analysis can give us clues on whether these are Compton thick sources. The final part of our proposed project is the feedback of the above results to X-ray background population synthesis models in order to obtain an indirect estimate of the contribution of these sources at all fluxes and energies. The proposed project provides the ideal training platform for the applicant. The host expertise dovetails with that of the applicant. At the host Institute (Bologna) the applicant will acquire significant experience on mid and far-IR wavelength analysis techniques, which have become an indispensable tool of Astronomy, as well as on modelling techniques and in particular the X-ray background population synthesis models. The host is one of the largest X-ray Astronomy groups in Europe and therefore the researcher will be exposed to an active research environment participating being a member of the large international consortium on the analysis of the Chandra Deep Field South multi-wavelength data.

Keywords: physical sciences,astrophysics,extragalactic astronomy,x-ray astronomy