Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Parameterized complexity and the search for tight complexity results (PARAMTIGHT)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Computer science and informatics
Countries involved: Hungary
Call:  (ERC-2011-StG_20101014, 2011)
Start date: 2012-01-01
End date: 2017-06-30
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1150000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1150000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The joint goal of theoretical research in algorithms and computational complexity is to discover all the relevant algorithmic techniques in a problem domain and prove the optimality of these techniques. We propose that the search for such tight results should be done by a combined exploration of the dimensions running time, quality of solution, and generality. Furthermore, the theory of parameterized complexity provides a framework for this exploration. Parameterized complexity is a theory whose goal is to produce efficient algorithms for hard combinatorial problems using a multi-dimensional analysis of the running time. Instead of expressing the running time as a function of the input size only (as it is done in classical complexity theory), parameterized complexity tries to find algorithms whose running time is polynomial in the input size, but exponential in one or more well-defined parameters of the input instance. The first objective of the project is to go beyond the state of the art in the complexity and algorithmic aspects of parameterized complexity in order to turn it into a theory producing tight optimality results. With such theory at hand, we can start the exploration of other dimensions and obtain tight optimality results in a larger context. Our is goal is being able to prove in a wide range of settings that we understand all the algorithmic ideas and their optimality.

Keywords: computational complexity,parameterized complexity,algorithm design
Evolution of Mars (E-MARS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: ERC Starting Grant Interdisciplinary Panel
Countries involved: France
Call:  (ERC-2011-StG_20101014, 2011)
Start date: 2011-11-01
End date: 2017-10-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1392000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1392000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The primary questions that drive the Mars exploration program focus on life. Has the Martian climate ever been favorable for life development? Such scenario would imply a distinct planetary system from today with a magnetic flied able to retain the atmosphere. Where is the evidence of such past climate and intern conditions? The clues for answering these questions are locked up in the geologic record of the planet. The volume of data acquired in the past 15 years by the 4 Martian orbiters (ESA and NASA) reach the petaoctet, what is indecent as regard to the size of the Martian community. e-Mars propose to built a science team composed by the PI, Two post-doctorates, one PhD student and one engineer to exploit the data characterizing the surface of Mars. e-Mars proposes the unprecedented approach to combine topographic data, imagery data in diverse spectral domain and hyperspectral data from multiple orbiter captors to study the evolution of Mars and to propose pertinent landing sites for next missions. e-Mars will focus on three scientific themes: the composition of the Martian crust to constraint the early evolution of the planet, the research of possible habitable places based on evidence of past liquid water activity from both morphological record and hydrated mineral locations, and the study of current climatic and geological processes driven by the CO2 cycle. These scientific themes will be supported by three axis of methodological development: the geodatabase management via Geographic Information Systems (G.I.S.)., the automatic hyperspectral data analysis and the age estimates of planetary surface based on small size crater counts.

Keywords: mars
Super-resolution mass spectrometry for health and sustainability (SRMS4HESUS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Physical and Analytical Chemical sciences
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call:  (ERC-2011-StG_20101014, 2011)
Start date: 2011-11-01
End date: 2016-10-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1425727.68
EU funding (EUR): 1425727.68
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

Health and sustainability are the grand-challenges the world faces in the XXI century. The recent progress in science and technology allows now considering these prioritized directions of humanity development at the molecular level. Mass spectrometry is a key analytical technique in receiving the required molecular information from minute amounts of samples present in the gas, solid or liquid phase. The current state-of-the-art in MS applications confirms that investing into basic chemical and physical research is as essential as ever to come prepared for the growing applications challenges and overall for the Europe’s long-term competitiveness and well-being. Within the current proposal, we suggest an interdisciplinary research program to address the challenges in health and sustainability through the scientifical and technological developments in the analytical science. The current project specifically aims at developing the super-resolution mass spectrometry to achieve high resolving power in a short acquisition time period or ultra high resolving power in a long acquisition time period. The former one is crucial for a number of applications in life science and environmental science-oriented proteomics, petroleomics, metabolomics, and imaging. Whereas the latter one would contribute to the long term vision originating from the project’s objectives, specifically molecular isomer differentiation or weighing the chemical bonds in a molecule directly by mass spectrometry. The fundamental insights and knowledge gained during the proposed research can have a deep impact in physical, (bio)chemical and life sciences. The envisioned scientific achievements in the health and sustainability applications may translate into the improved drug discovery, early diagnosis and prognosis for preventive and personalized medicine. The planet and humanity should further benefit from an increase in the sustainability of the energy production and processing.

Keywords: mass spectrometry
Physical processing of molten light alloys under the influence of external fields (EXOMET)

Framework: FP7 — Cooperation
Programme: Nanosciences, Nanotechnologies, Materials and new Production Technologies - NMP
Destination: Integration
Action type: Collaborative project
Countries involved: France,Germany,France,Italy,Sweden,Germany,Germany,Spain,Germany,Spain,Hungary,France,United Kingdom,Norway,France,United Kingdom,Russian Federation,Australia,Sweden,United Kingdom,Netherlands,Netherlands
Call:  (FP7-NMP-2011-LARGE-5, 2011)
Start date: 2012-06-01
End date: 2016-07-31
Duration (months): 50.0
Total project cost (EUR): 17660881.29
EU funding (EUR): 9476000.0
Participants: 29
Project status: CLOSED

The ExoMet proposal revolves around innovative liquid metal engineering and the application of external physical fields, in order to significantly influence the microstructures and properties of light alloys, such as aluminium and magnesium. Three types of external fields will be explored, namely: electromagnetic, ultrasonic and intensive mechanical shearing. To meet the future EU challenges of lightweighting and pollution reduction, especially relevant in transportation, it is necessary to improve the castability of light alloys, to enhance grain and eutectic refinement in monolithic alloys, and to develop new high-strength nanocomposites using nano-reinforcers which have only recently become available. Significant mechanical property improvements are foreseen in ExoMet - including 50% increases in tensile strength and ductility, as well as creep resistance up to 300-350 degC (currently limited to about 200 degC in Al and Mg alloys). This applies to both shape castings and wrought products like extruded profiles, bar, cable, sheet and plate. Manufacturing scale-up will be tackled in ExoMet, using a variety of techniques such as low and high-pressure die casting, sand casting, investment casting, differential-presssure casting, twin-roll casting, ultrasound-assisted casting and twin-shear casting. The application of external fields to these industrial techniques is novel and would bring about major savings in energy, scrap and processing cost. Having developed the field-enabled processes and produced high-quality light alloys and nanocomposites, the next stage of ExoMet will be prototypying and the assessment of industrial applications in four selected commercial sectors: (i) automotive powertrain and chassis, (ii) aircraft and aero-engine structures, (iii) space satellite and rockets, and (iv) high-strength high-conductivity Al electrical cabling. Computer modelling, rig-testing, standardisation, life-cycle analysis and patenting will also be undertaken.

Keywords: light alloys,solidification,casting,aluminium,magnesium,metallurgy,grain refinement,eutectics,metal-matrix composites,nanoparticle reinforcers,electromagnetic fields,ultrasound,shearing
Teleost B lymphocytes, the equivalent of mammalian B1 innate lymphocytes? (TEBLYM)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Applied life sciences and biotechnology
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (ERC-2011-StG_20101109, 2011)
Start date: 2011-12-01
End date: 2016-11-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1390000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1390000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Teleost fish are the most primitive bony vertebrates that contain immunoglobulins, although belonging to different classes than those of mammals, having only IgM, IgD and IgT. No Ig maturation to more specific class is observed in fish, providing them with an antibody response that is slow and weak in terms of antigen affinity. This is the main reason why protection conferred by disease natural resistance or vaccination does not correlate with an antibody response. Despite these great differences, fish immunologists have always thought of fish B lymphocytes as the equivalent of mammalian conventional B2 lymphocytes, thus assuming many aspects of their functionality and leaving some possibilities unexplored. However, many evidences strongly suggest that fish B lymphocytes do not act as mammalian B2 lymphocytes but closely resemble the B1 mammalian innate lymphocytes which are known to produce large amounts of IgM without previous exposure to the pathogen in a T-independent form. Therefore, my main objective in this proposal is the phenotypical and functional characterization of fish B cells using the rainbow trout as a model. This will be performed with no restrictions derived from the assumption of roles ascribed in the basis of their homology to mammalian B2 lymphocytes, but in the light of the hypothesis that fish B lymphocytes resemble better a B1 model. This new context will enable me to explore possible functions and characteristics previously unexplored such as T cell independence, lack of antigen engagement, poly-reactivity of antibodies produced and role in pro-inflammatory responses. The results obtained from this project may constitute a turning point on the field of fish immunology that should redefine previous unexplained results, having also practical repercussions for future vaccination strategies. Finally, fish B lymphocytes could become a model for humans B1 cells implicated in autoimmune diseases and leukaemias.

Keywords: fish,b lymphocytes,b1 cells,antibodies,virus,immune response
‘The ostrich problem’: When and why people fail to monitor their goal progress and the development of a new focus for behaviour change interventions (THEOSTRICHPROBLEM)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The Human Mind and its complexity
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2011-StG_20101124, 2011)
Start date: 2011-11-01
End date: 2016-10-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 755082.0
EU funding (EUR): 755082.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

One of the most significant challenges facing science and society is how to promote lasting changes in people’s behaviour. What kinds of interventions influence the behaviours that lead to obesity or persuade people to use less energy in their homes? The present proposal argues that one reason that people struggle to change is that they fail to monitor the relation between their current behaviour and their desired behaviour. For example, few people watch their weight, monitor their household energy consumption, check their bank balances, look at nutrition labels on food and so on. This active ignoring of information about one’s current standing relative to one’s goals – termed here ‘the ostrich problem’ – is part of popular culture, yet current scientific perspectives assume that people will actively monitor and seek information on their progress. As a consequence, theoretical frameworks fail to adequately describe and predict the outcomes of behaviour change efforts and current interventions fall short of promise. The aim of the proposed research is to challenge the assumption made by current theoretical frameworks and to investigate the nature and implications of the ostrich problem. The research will seek to explain why the ostrich problem exists and test avenues for intervention. The research will also (i) develop new methodologies that will open up future research in this area (namely, a self-report measure of the extent to which people monitor their current standing and a new measure of implicit attitudes toward such monitoring) and (ii) apply established theories and methodologies in new contexts (namely, functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, evaluative conditioning, the formation of implementation intentions, and self-affirmation). By so doing, the proposed research will lead to a step change in our understanding of how to empower individuals to make changes to their behaviour.

Keywords: social psychology,behaviour change,self-regulation,goal striving
AlGaInN materials on semi-polar templates for yellow emission in solid state lighting applications (ALIGHT)

Framework: FP7 — Cooperation
Programme: Nanosciences, Nanotechnologies, Materials and new Production Technologies - NMP
Destination: Materials
Action type: Collaborative project
Countries involved: Ireland,United Kingdom,Germany,Germany,Germany,Germany
Call:  (FP7-NMP-2011-SMALL-5, 2011)
Start date: 2012-06-01
End date: 2015-05-31
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 4456858.66
EU funding (EUR): 3249200.0
Participants: 6
Project status: CLOSED

With up to 20% of electrical energy being consumed by lighting, it is important to use this energy wisely. Replacing the inefficient light generation technologies of today with solid state lighting based on gallium nitride (GaN) light emitting diodes (LEDs) will enable us to reduce this 20% to 10% or even 5%. However, several factors need to be addressed to accelerate the uptake of this emerging technology. These are obtaining an acceptable and controllable colour from the lighting units while reducing the capital cost through large scale process technologies. This project proposes the development of AlGaInN materials and structures to achieve much higher efficiencies at blue-green and yellow light wavelengths enabling highly luminous and controllable light generation. The approach in this proposal is based on reducing the internal electric fields in the light emitting quantum well material through the development of semi-polar GaN templates on large area sapphire and silicon substrates. The growth process development and optimisation will be informed by modelling of the surface reactions and through timely and detailed characterisation of the material properties. Growth of quantum dots within a quantum well in a low electric field environment will allow internal quantum efficiencies to reach >70% in the blue and >35% in the yellow spectral regions. The material quality will be verified in demonstration LEDs which will be benchmarked against current devices. Issues around the scaling of the technology to a manufacturing environment and 100 mm diameter substrates will be addressed. This approach can lead ultimately to efficacies of over 200 lumens/W with colour rendering indices >90%. European science will benefit through the new knowledge, while European industry can be more competitive by adopting the new processes and the European citizens will benefit from a higher quality of light in their everyday environment and reduce drastically the costs for lighting.

Keywords: solid-state-lighting semipolar,yellow,warm white
Development of functionalized nanostructured polymeric membranes and related manufacturing processes for water purification (NANOPUR)

Framework: FP7 — Cooperation
Programme: Nanosciences, Nanotechnologies, Materials and new Production Technologies - NMP
Destination: Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies
Action type: Collaborative project
Countries involved: Belgium,United Kingdom,Italy,Germany,Germany,Belgium,United Kingdom,Netherlands,Spain,Türkiye,Italy
Call:  (FP7-NMP-2011-SMALL-5, 2011)
Start date: 2012-05-01
End date: 2015-04-30
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 4966062.39
EU funding (EUR): 3357905.04
Participants: 13
Project status: CLOSED

The NANOPUR-project aims at leveraging on promising bottom-up technologies to develop intensified water treatment concepts based on nano-structured and nano-functionalized membranes as well as nanofilm deposition for micropollutants and virus removal. Major research needs targeted include the preparation of membranes with selective properties at the nanoscale able to maintain high permeability with relatively low driving force. The ultimate “challenge” exists in the creation of artificial membranes able to perform separations with the selectivity of biological membranes while having mechanical strength and productivity of state-of-the-art artificial membranes. The project will advance the knowledge in this area by developing scalable approaches to prepare nano-structured membranes characterized by a selectivity towards pathogens of up to 99.99999 % and towards micropollutants up to 99 %, while retaining a permeability higher than current ultrafiltration membranes in addition to functional stability equal to existing commercial membranes. The envisaged research activities will involve the preparation of polymeric nano-structured membranes characterized by well-controlled architectures and functions for supramolecular recognition for removal of viruses, hormone disruptors, endotoxins and antibiotics from water. For the generation of affinity and catalytic sites on membranes, molecular imprinted polymers and atmospheric pressure plasma treatment will be explored. The technological developments will be carried out along two different technology paths each targeting at a different aspect of the water treatment process. A first research path will focus on the reduction of membrane fouling thereby enhancing the flux while the second research path targets the removal of micro-pollutants and detoxification. Both paths will converge in order to combine the two critical aspects of water purification that are investigated in the proposed work in one single membrane process

Keywords: membranes,micropullutants,viruses,plasma treatment,molecular imprinted polymers,polymer engineering
Safe Nano Worker Exposure Scenarios (SANOWORK)

Framework: FP7 — Cooperation
Programme: Nanosciences, Nanotechnologies, Materials and new Production Technologies - NMP
Destination: Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies
Action type: Collaborative project
Countries involved: Italy,United Kingdom,Germany,Czechia,Denmark,France,Ireland,Spain,Germany
Call:  (FP7-NMP-2011-SMALL-5, 2011)
Start date: 2012-03-01
End date: 2015-02-28
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 4787694.7
EU funding (EUR): 3409185.0
Participants: 13
Project status: CLOSED

The main goal of Sanowork project is to identify a safe occupational exposure scenario by exposure assessment in real conditions and at all stages of nanomaterials (NM) production, use and disposal. In order to address this and more specifically the issues introduced by NMP.2011.1.3-2 call, we intend to: 1. contain hazard and worker exposure potential by developing exposure mitigation strategy based on ‘‘Prevention through Design’’ approach. 2. implement a rigorous exposure assessment in the workplace in order to evaluate the effectiveness of existing and proposed exposure reduction strategies. 3. perform risk analysis off line and on site in order to identify substance product properties and operational condition that ensure a safer worker exposure scenario. 4. Assess COST/ EFFICIENCY of the proposed strategies on the basis of risk analysis results, materials/properties efficiency, risk transfer to insurance underwriter community. The Sanowork proposed risk remediation strategy will be applied to nanomaterial properties. The following “representative” pool of NM and nanoproducts have been selected: TiO2 and Ag (ceramic or textile photocatalytic/antibacterial surfaces); CNTs (polymeric nanocomposites); organic/inorganic nanofibers (nanostructured membranes for water depuration system). The strategy is addressed to mitigate risk by decreasing adverse health hazard and emission potential of nanomaterials, setting back processes of transport to the point of entry. A sound balance between exposure and health hazards data, before and after the introduction of existing and proposed risk remediation strategies, will allow to evaluate the effectiveness of existing and proposed exposure reduction strategies. The cooperation with industrial key partners such as Plasmachem, Elmarco, GEA Niro, Colorobbia,Bayer will guarantee an accurate exposure assessment in the workplace.

Keywords: nanomaterials,risk remediation strategy,nanotoxicity,exposure assessment,exposure scenario,biomonitoring