Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Tailoring Graphene to Withstand Large Deformations (TAILOR GRAPHENE)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Products and process engineering
Countries involved: Greece
Call:  (ERC-2012-ADG_20120216, 2012)
Start date: 2013-06-01
End date: 2018-05-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2025600.0
EU funding (EUR): 2025600.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This proposal aims via a comprehensive and interdisciplinary programme of research to determine the full response of monolayer (atomic thickness) graphene to extreme axial tensional deformation up to failure and to measure directly its tensile strength, stiffness, strain-to-failure and, most importantly, the effect of orthogonal buckling to its overall tensile properties. Already our recent results have shown that graphene buckling of any form can be suppressed by embedding the flakes into polymer matrices. We have indeed quantified this effect for any flake geometry and have produced master curves relating geometrical aspects to compression strain-to-failure. In the proposed work, we will make good use of this finding by altering the geometry of the flakes and thus design graphene strips (micro-ribbons) of specific dimensions which when embedded to polymer matrices can be stretched to large deformation and even failure without simultaneous buckling in the other direction. This is indeed the only route possible for the exploitation of the potential of graphene as an efficient reinforcement in composites. Since orthogonal buckling during stretching is expected to alter- among other things- the Dirac spectrum and consequently the electronic properties of graphene, we intend to use the technique of Raman spectroscopy to produce stress/ strain maps in two dimensions in order to quantify fully this effect from the mechanical standpoint. Finally, another option for ironing out the wrinkles is to apply a simultaneous thermal field during tensile loading. This will give rise to a biaxial stretching of graphene which presents another interesting field of study particularly for already envisaged applications of graphene in flexible displays and coatings.

Keywords: graphene,mechanical properties,tip enhanced raman spectroscopy
Traffic Management for the 21st Century (TRAMAN21)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Products and process engineering
Countries involved: Greece
Call:  (ERC-2012-ADG_20120216, 2012)
Start date: 2013-03-01
End date: 2018-02-28
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1496880.0
EU funding (EUR): 1496880.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Traffic congestion on motorways is a serious threat for the economic and social life of modern societies and for the environment, which calls for drastic and radical solutions. Conventional traffic management faces limitations. During the last decade, there has been an enormous effort to develop a variety of Vehicle Automation and Communication Systems (VACS) that are expected to revolutionise the features and capabilities of individual vehicles. VACS are typically developed to benefit the individual vehicle, without a clear view for the implications, advantages and disadvantages they may have for the accordingly modified traffic characteristics. Thus, the introduction of VACS brings along the necessity and growing opportunities for adapted or utterly new traffic management. It is the main objective of TRAMAN21 to develop the foundations and first steps that will pave the way towards a new era of motorway traffic management research and practice, which is indispensable for exploiting the evolving VACS deployment. TRAMAN21 assesses the relevance of VACS for improved traffic flow and develops specific options for a sensible upgrade of the traffic conditions, particularly at the network’s weak points, i.e. at bottlenecks and incident locations. The proposed work comprises the development of new traffic flow modelling and control approaches on the basis of appropriate methods from many-particle Physics, Automatic Control and Optimisation. A field trial is included, aiming at a preliminary testing and demonstration of the developed concepts. TRAMAN21 risk stems from the uncertainty in the VACS evolution, which is a challenge for the required modelling and control developments. But, if successful, TRAMAN21 will contribute to a substantial reduction of the estimated annual European traffic congestion cost of 120 billion € and related environmental pollution and will trigger further innovative developments and a new era of traffic flow modelling and control research.

Keywords: motorway traffic control,vehicle automation
Magnetohydrodynamic Wave Diagnostics of the Solar Atmosphere in the Era of Transformative High-Resolution Observations (SEISMOSUN)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Universe sciences
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2012-ADG_20120216, 2012)
Start date: 2013-04-01
End date: 2018-03-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1590034.91
EU funding (EUR): 1590034.91
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Funding is sought for a 5-year project supporting two postdoctoral research assistants and two 4-year PhD studentships to carry out a research programme on qualitative advances of our understanding of basic physical processes operating in the atmosphere of the Sun. This will be accomplished by the use of the unprecedented high-resolution data obtained with the new generation of solar space missions, which allow us to fully implement the novel technique for plasma diagnostics, based upon magnetohydrodynamic waves. The project aims to reveal the mechanisms behind the most intriguing and disturbing solar phenomena: the heating of the corona and the physics of solar flares and mass ejections. The specific objectives are to develop and apply innovative techniques for determining the plasma’s heating function and the characteristic spatial scale of fine structuring; the method for instant diagnostics of plasma parameters by propagating wave trains; the technique for the determination of microphysical processes by macroscopic observables; to discriminate observationally between the theoretically predicted regimes of powerful releases of magnetic energy; to create a theoretical and observational foundation for stellar coronal seismology; and to implement novel methods for the analysis of wave phenomena in spatially-resolved observational data. The project is based upon the synthesis of analytical and numerical theoretical studies and forward modelling of observables, accounting for both magnetohydrodynamic and kinetic effects, and the analysis of multi-wavelength data obtained with space missions SDO, Hinode and STEREO and the Nobeyama radioheliograph. The knowledge to be gained from the project – robust and detailed diagnostics of key parameters and fundamental processes operating in the solar atmosphere – is of vital importance for the creation of models with a predictive value, and for further progression of solar, space and astro plasma physics.

Keywords: solar corona,mhd waves,solar flares
Harmonic identification, mitigation and control in power electronics based power systems (HARMONY)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Systems and communication engineering
Countries involved: Denmark
Call:  (ERC-2012-ADG_20120216, 2012)
Start date: 2013-03-01
End date: 2018-02-28
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2500000.0
EU funding (EUR): 2500000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Global electrical energy consumption is still increasing which demands that power capacity and power transmission capabilities must be doubled within 20 years. Today 40 % of the global energy consumption is processed by electricity in 2040 this may be up to 70 %. Electrical power production is changing from conventional, fossil based sources to renewable power resources. Highly efficient and sustainable power electronics in power generation, power transmission/distribution and end-user applications are introduced to ensure more efficient use of electricity. Traditional centralized electricity production with unidirectional power flows in transmission and distribution system will be replaced by the operation and control of intelligent distribution systems which are much more based on power electronics systems and having bidirectional power flow. Such large scale expansion of power electronics usage will change the characteristic of the power system by introducing more harmonics from generation, from the efficient load systems all resulting in a larger risk of instability and more losses in the future power system. The projects goal is to obtain “Harmony” between the renewable energy sources, the future power system and the loads in order to keep stability at all levels seen from a harmonic point of view. The project establishes the necessary theories, models and methods to identify harmonic problems in a power electronic based power system, a theoretical and hardware platform to enable control of harmonics and mitigate them, and develops on-line methods to monitor the harmonic state of the power system. The outcomes are new tools for identifying stability problems in power electronics based power systems and new control methods for reducing the harmonic presence and reduce the overall instability risks. Further, new design methods for active and passive filters in renewable energy systems, in the power system and in the power electronics based loads will be developed

Keywords: power electronics,renewable energy,power quality,modeling and control,power system,micro-grid,harmonics
Towards Total Scene Understanding using Structured Models (HELIOS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Computer science and informatics
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2012-ADG_20120216, 2012)
Start date: 2014-01-01
End date: 2018-12-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2493495.0
EU funding (EUR): 2493495.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This project is at the interface between computer vision and linguistics: the aim is to have an algorithm generate relevant sentences that describe a scene given one or more images. Scene understanding has been one of the central goals in computer vision for many decades. It involves various individual tasks, such as object recognition, action understanding and 3D scene recovery. One simple definition of this task is to say scene understanding is equivalent to being able to generate meaningful natural language descriptions of a scene, an important problem in computational linguistics. Whilst even a child can do this with ease, the solution of this fundamental problem has remained elusive. This is because there has been a large amount of research in computer vision that is very deep, but not broad, leading to an in depth understanding of edge and feature detectors, tracking, camera calibration, projective geometry, segmentation, denoising, stereo methods, object detection etc. However, there has been only a limited amount of research on a framework for integrating these functional elements into a method for scene understanding. Within this proposal I advocate a complete view of computer vision, in which the scene is dealt with as a whole, in which problems which are normally considered distinct by most researchers are unified into a common cost function or energy. I will discuss the form the energy should take and efficient algorithms for learning and inference. Our preliminary experiments indicate that such a unified treatment will lead to a paradigm shift in computer vision with a quantum leap in performance. We intend to build embodied demonstrators including a prosthetic vision aid to the visually impaired. The World Health Organization gives a figure of over 300 million such people world wide, which means that in addition to being transformative in the areas of linguistics, HCI, robotics, and computer vision, this work will have a massive impact world wide

Keywords: scene understanding,natural language description of scenes.
Verifying and Synthesizing Software Compositions (VSSC)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Computer science and informatics
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (ERC-2012-ADG_20120216, 2012)
Start date: 2013-04-01
End date: 2019-03-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1577200.0
EU funding (EUR): 1577200.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

One of the first things a programmer must commit to in developing any significant piece of software is the representation of the data. In applications where performance or memory consumption is important, this representation is often quite complex: the data may be indexed in multiple ways and use a variety of concrete, interlinked data structures. The current situation, in which programmers either directly write these data structures themselves or use a standard data structure library, leads to two problems: 1:The particular choice of data representation is based on an expectation of what the most common workloads will be; that is, the programmer has already made cost-benefit trade-offs based on the expected distribution of operations the program will perform on these data structures. 2: It is difficult for the programmer to check or even express the high-level consistency properties of complex structures, especially when these structures are shared. This also makes software verification in existing programming languages very hard. We will investigate specification languages for describing and reasoning program data at a much higher level. The hope is that this can reduce the inherited complexity of reasoning about programs. In tandem, we will check if the high level specifications can be semi-automatically mapped specifications to efficient data representations. A novel aspect of our approach allows the user to define global invariants and a restricted set of high level operations, and only then to synthesize a representation that both adheres to the invariants and is highly specialized to exactly the set of operations the user requires. In contrast, the classical approach in databases is to assume nothing about the queries that must be answered; the representation must support all possible operations.

Keywords: programming languages,semantics of programming,formal verification,static analysis,abstract interpretation.
Programming Abstractions for Applications in Cloud Environments (PACE)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Computer science and informatics
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (ERC-2012-ADG_20120216, 2012)
Start date: 2013-03-01
End date: 2018-02-28
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2280998.0
EU funding (EUR): 2280998.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Cloud computing is changing our perception of computing: The Internet is becoming the computer and the software: (a) vast data centers and computing power are available via the Internet (infrastructure as a service), (b) software is available via the Internet as a service (software as a service). Building on the promise of unlimited processing/storage power, applications today process big amounts of data scattered over the cloud and react to events happening across the cloud. Software services must be both standard components to pay off for their provider and highly configurable and customizable to serve competitive needs of multiple tenants. Developing such applications is challenging, given the predominant programming technology, whose fundamental abstractions were conceived for the traditional computing model. Existing abstractions are laid out to process individual data/events. Making the complexity of applications processing big data/events manageable requires abstractions to intentionally express high-level correlations between data/events, freeing the programmer from the job of tracking the data and keeping tabs on relevant events across a cloud. Existing abstractions also fail to reconcile software reuse and extensibility at the level of large-scale software services. PACE will deliver first-class linguistic abstractions for expressing sophisticated correlations between data/events to be used as primitives to express high-level functionality. Armed with them, programmers will be relieved from micromanaging data/events and can turn their attention to what the cloud has to offer. Applications become easier to understand, maintain, evolve and more amenable to automated reasoning and sophisticated optimizations. PACE will also deliver language concepts for large-scale modularity, extensibility, and adaptability for capturing highly polymorphic software services.
Riding on Moore's Law (ROMOL)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Computer science and informatics
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (ERC-2012-ADG_20120216, 2012)
Start date: 2013-04-01
End date: 2018-03-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2356467.0
EU funding (EUR): 2356467.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The most common interpretation of Moore's Law is that the number of components on a chip and accordingly the computer performance doubles every two years. At the end of the 20th century, when clock frequencies stagnated at ~3 GHz, and instruction level parallelism reached the phase of diminishing returns, industry turned towards multiprocessors, and thread level parallelism. However, too much of the technological complexity of multicore architectures is exposed to the programmers, leading to a software development nightmare. We propose a radically new concept of parallel computer architectures, using a higher level of abstraction, Instead of expressing algorithms as a sequence of instruction, we will group instructions into higher-level tasks that will be automatically managed by the architecture, much in the same way superscalar processors managed instruction level parallelism. We envision a holistic approach where the parallel architecture is partially implemented as a software runtime, and the reminder in hardware. The hardware gains the freedom to deliver performance at the expense of additional complexity, as long as it provides the required support primitives for the runtime software to hide complexity from the programmer. Moreover, it offers a single solution that could solve most of the problems we encounter in the current approaches: handling parallelism, the memory wall, the power wall, and the reliability wall in a wide range of application domains from mobile up to supercomputers . We will focus our research on a most efficient form of multicore architecture coupled with vector accelerators for exploiting both thread and data level parallelism. All together, this novel approach toward future parallel architectures is the way to ensure continued performance improvements, getting us out of the technological mess that computers have turned into, once more riding on Moore's Law.

Keywords: multicore architecture,parallel architecture,vector processors,parallel programming,memory wall,power wall,reliability wall
A new window on the Universe: The formation and evolution of galaxy clusters and proto-clusters (NEWCLUSTERS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Universe sciences
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (ERC-2012-ADG_20120216, 2012)
Start date: 2014-01-01
End date: 2019-12-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2500000.0
EU funding (EUR): 2500000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The formation and evolution of clusters and proto-clusters of galaxies will be studied using unique diagnostic tools provided by the new pan-European radio telescope LOFAR and the APERTIF phased arrays on WSRT radio telescope. Combined with new ultra low frequency antennas (an extension to LOFAR here proposed), these new facilities will for the first time enable sensitive observations from the lowest possible frequencies accessible from the ground (~15 MHz) up to 1400 MHz. The guaranteed time projects (PI HR) to carry out ultra deep pointed observations and to survey the entire northern sky will be unique in terms of angular resolution, depth, and extremely large frequency range. This enables a coherent study of clusters of galaxies over the entire history of the universe up to the formation of the first proto-clusters. Studies of the associated shock waves produced by cluster mergers and the magnetic field properties of the cluster gas will constrain models of the formation of galaxy clusters.The large field of views of both LOFAR will enable the detection of radio emission from millions of star-forming galaxies up to z=2-3, at the epoch at which the bulk of galaxy formation is believed to have occurred. In combination with infrared surveys, the first significant sample of proto-clusters of galaxies will be obtained. This will enable the first complete study of the overall properties of proto-clusters and their galaxy contents.With LOFAR’s ability to pinpoint radio sources with extremely steep radio spectra, we will detect radio galaxies at unprecedented distances. As our previous radio and optical investigations have established that distant radio galaxies are often located in proto-clusters, the most distant LOFAR radio galaxies would be excellent targets to locate and study the first proto-clusters close to or even at the epoch of reionisation.

Keywords: radio astronomy