Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Assembling genome history from gene stories: Phylogeny aware genome scale inference of ancestral traits and ancient environments (GENESTORY)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Hungary
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2013-07-01
End date: 2016-12-31
Duration (months): 42.0
Total project cost (EUR): 87500.0
EU funding (EUR): 87500.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Using genomic data to understand how system-level traits of living organisms have been shaped by past environments and to disclose information on ancient environments and diversity are key issues of contemporary biology. Genome sequences that encode the complex networks underlying modern life and concealing the vast intricate record of the evolutionary history of their carriers are available. Modeling genome evolution, however, is complicated by fragmented histories, as the sequence of each gene is a result of a unique series of speciations, duplications, transfers and losses. Here we propose to combine genome scale reconstruction of ancestral gene repertoires with system-level models of phenotype and models of ancient environment and diversity. The GENESTORY project will bring together probabilistic genome evolution methods developed by the researcher with the network theory and biophysical expertise of the host. Metabolic networks reconstructed from ancestral gene repertoires will be used to infer past environments and reconstructed duplication, transfer and loss events will be used to study the evolution of network architecture. Aside of the application of existing methods, leading a junior research group cofunded with the host, the researcher will pursue the development of new models of genome evolution and attempt to carry out in vitro validation of predicted gene interactions. The project will result in a better understanding of genome evolution and the history of life on Earth, and provide new models for inferring the evolutionary history of genomes, species and complex phenotypes across billions of years of evolutionary time.

Keywords: genome evolution,ancient genomes,metabolic networks,molecular phylogeny
Looking for physics beyond the standard model in unexplored regions at the LHC and flavour experiments (BSMEXPLORE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Italy
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2013-08-01
End date: 2018-10-09
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This project is about the search for physics beyond the standard model in contemporary experiments, both the ones at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the ones looking for flavour violating processes. It is a highly interdisciplinary project, since it located at the borders between experimental and theoretical physics. One of the main goals of my proposal is to provide the experimentalists the tools they need in order to search for new physics in their data looking at yet unexplored signatures. As a first step I intend to simulate the expected signals in the framework of a recently proposed supersymmetric model with R-parity violation, using important simulation programs like FeynRules and MadGraph. Then a more general analysis of possible forgotten signatures will be realised, as well as a theoretical investigation following the experimental results. In parallel to this LHC-oriented program, I propose to tackle the flavour experiments in an original model-independent way, by looking at all the simplest possibilities (1 or 2 new particles, of any kind) able to give a signal in MEG. Then I will calculate the correlations with other indirect experiments and the possibility of testing the corresponding new physics in the LHC. This project is very timely, since these experiments are running now and there is the need of exploiting to the maximum their capability of looking for new physics.

Keywords: particle physics,phenomenology of physics beyond the standard model,supersymmetry,flavour physics,neutrino physics,colliders,lhc,meg
THE DIVIDING CELL MEMBRANE: A PROMISING TARGET FOR NOVEL ANTIBIOTICS (DIVANTI)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2013-08-01
End date: 2017-07-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The world wide rise in multidrug resistant pathogens is a major healthcare problem, and both the World Health Organization and European Union have identified antimicrobial resistance as a public health priority. The number of novel antibiotics that enter the clinic has dwindled over the last decades, and the development of new antibiotics is urgent. Cell division is a logical antimicrobial drug target, yet there are currently no clinically approved compounds that target this process. One of the main reasons is that bacterial cell division, and especially the role of the cell membrane in this process, is poorly understood. Moreover, cell division is a robust process, and many potential lead compounds are likely to be missed in drug screens. The aim of my research is to elucidate molecular mechanisms of cell division, and to use this knowledge to support the development of novel antimicrobial compounds. I have made several discoveries that provide an excellent basis to pursue these objectives: (i) the discovery of an important cell division protein, (ii) the discovery that the membrane potential is involved in cell division, and (iii) the discovery that membrane curvature can function as a cue for protein localization. My research project will be (1) focused on the interplay between cell division proteins and the cell membrane, and (2) aimed at supporting the search for new antimicrobials. I will develop novel functional assays to detect cell division inhibitors, and I will develop assays to find compounds that kill non-growing cells. In addition, I will set up state-of-the-art bacterial cell biology assays to study, in real time, the effects of antimicrobials at the cellular level. This research will not only support the Biopharma industry in their search for next generation antibiotics but may also result in new food-grade antimicrobials for the Food industry.

Keywords: cell division,antibiotics,bacillus,bacteria
Real-time tracking of single membrane translocases (SINGLEMEMB)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2013-08-01
End date: 2017-07-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The threading of proteins through narrow channels within a cell is a crucial biological process, which is essential for cellular protein trafficking and protein degradation. This translocation process is also used by pathogens such as anthrax and C. Difficile, which inject their lethal toxins through the cell membrane in order to hijack vital cell machinery. The motor proteins driving this translocation process are called protein translocases. Despite the ubiquity of protein translocation in biology, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Improving our knowledge of translocation will have implications on our understanding of severe pathologies, which have been linked to the dysfunction of translocases (e.g., cancers, Alzheimer’s). I intend to design novel biorelevant in vitro tools to investigate the inner workings of membrane-associated protein translocases. The translocase will be reconstituted in a cell-like microenvironment, while allowing real time control over biologically appropriate external conditions that may affect its function in vivo (e.g., voltage/pH gradient across membrane). Our innovative approach is based on the integration of novel lipid systems into a combination of optical tweezers and electrophysiology techniques. The first translocase targeted is FtsH, whose role is to dislocate proteins from membranes. We will directly measure the translocation velocity and step size of this membrane-associated translocase with unprecedented detail, while being able to control the protonmotive force. These new assays will advance considerably single-molecule investigations of membrane proteins, which represent 30% of all proteins and are prime drug targets. This work will lay foundations towards elucidating the mechanisms behind other crucial membrane translocases, in particular transmembrane protein transporters.

Keywords: molecular motor,translocase,membrane protein,protonmotive force,optical tweezers,lipid bilayer,electrophysiology
Inter- and Intra-Individual Differences in Knowledge-Based Inference Generation During Reading Comprehension: The Role of Working Memory Capacity and Utilization (WMCIG)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2013-12-01
End date: 2017-11-30
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Reading comprehension is a high-order complex process that depends on the operation of various cognitive mechanisms. The present research aims to explore the interaction of three central mechanisms: knowledge-based inferences, working memory (WM), and motivation. Specifically, the proposed research was designed to study the involvement of the different functions of working memory—storage, processing, and control—in inference generation via different forms of text processing (text maintenance, text reactivation, and text suppression, respectively). A comprehensive interdisciplinary approach is adopted to explore the extent to which these comprehension processes underlie inter-individual and intra-individual differences. Specifically, by using cognitive-behavioral techniques (e.g., probing procedures), eye-tracking methodology, and computational modeling, I intend to study the extent that each of the target processes (a) explains different types of reading disabilities, (b) typically develops with age, and (c) is modulated by reading comprehension motivation. The theoretical contribution of the present investigations to the cognitive models of reading comprehension and the practical implications on the development of comprehension strategies and remedial programs are stressed throughout the proposal.

Keywords: reading comprehension,inference generation,working memory,reading disability,comprehension motivation,comprehension development,computational modeling
Wave Farm Impacts and Design (WAVEIMPACT)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-07-01
End date: 2018-06-30
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Wave energy is a vast resource that can substantially reduce our environmental footprint. For this purpose Wave Energy Converters (WECs) must be deployed in arrays, forming wave farms, because a single WEC cannot deliver the amounts of energy that are required. At present we do not understand how the sea will interact with these wave farms. In earlier work, we carried out laboratory tests to characterise the interaction of a single WEC with the wave field. The main goal of the WAVEIMPACT project is to characterise the interaction of a wave farm and the wave field by means of laboratory tests and numerical modelling. Upon validation, we will apply the model to investigate the impact of a farm at different study sites. On these grounds we will produce the first set of guidelines on wave farm design.

Keywords: wave energy,marine renewable energy,laboratory tests,physical modelling,environmental impact,coastal processes,numerical modelling,wave model,wave farm,wave energy converter
Exploring attosecond science at the angstrom and nanoscale (ATTOIM)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2013-09-01
End date: 2017-08-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

High harmonic generation (HHG), being the backbone of attosecond science, possesses a unique combination of properties, not only in the temporal but also in the spectral domain, that could be very attractive in studies of matter at the angstrom and nano-scales. Remarkable spatial coherence of the HHG hold a potential of their use as a laser-like source. However recently discovered strong dependence of HHG wavefronts on harmonic order, and absence of high quality optical components in XUV spectral region makes the conventional ( as used in visible and infrared spectral region) imaging and tomography techniques not directly applicable to HHG sources. In the light of the recent findings, I suggest a new approach to circumvent these difficulties and to (i) explore new multidimensional dynamic imaging modalities using attosecond pulses for studying nano-structures (ii) synergetically use the experimental tools and modalities developed in the course of the project to address several fundamental challenges in the attosecond science.

Keywords: attosecond science,non-linear optics
New directions for studying circadian biology in the wild (WILDCLOCKS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-01-01
End date: 2017-12-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Powered by molecular tools, circadian research rapidly reveals a key role of biological rhythms in physiology and health, but clock function is poorly understood in its organismic and environmental context. Because clocks integrate multiple rhythmic processes, they need to be finely adjusted to environmental conditions. To address how genes and environment shape timekeeping, I combine frontline molecular tools and field-based approaches in the study of an avian model species in ecology and evolution, the Great Tit (Parus major). This research thrives on the complementarity of expertise and facilities of my host institution and the strengths that I bring. The project will lay the foundations for a long-term study system of biological time-keeping across levels of biological organization that will advance our understanding of the ways clocks aid fitness and health. Specifically, I will use cross-fostering designs and telemetry in the wild to test for early-environment effects on daily timing (’chronotype’), I will examine birds in captivity to quantify endogenous clock features, and use high-throughput molecular profiling technologies to advance the genotype-phenotype link in chronobiology. The research is based on my earlier findings of highly heritable, but nonetheless dynamic circadian clocks, which I can now greatly expand through the combined assets of the field station SCENE and the cutting-edge tools and analytical expertise for integrated analysis of multi-level ‘omic data at the University of Glasgow. The hosting Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, is an internationally leading centre of multidisciplinary research with the mission of using ecological expertise to address urgent problems of today. With its unique focus and combination of approaches, the proposed research will bring novel perspectives to the institute and will boost my integration, while contributing significantly to understanding circadian clocks in real life.

Keywords: circadian,biological rhythm,fitness,great tit,clock gene,sequencing,chronotype
Happy or Sad? The Influence of Emotional Body Cues on Facial Expression Perception in Huntington’s Disease (EMO)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-07-01
End date: 2018-06-30
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Impaired emotion recognition is common in many neuro-psychiatric disorders, adding a devastating social toll to the already challenging symptoms. One such disorder is Huntington's disease (HD), a neurodegenerative progressive condition in which motor and cognitive symptoms are further complicated by impaired emotion recognition. Unfortunately, despite decades of research, the vast majority of work on HD studied emotion perception using artificially posed faces void of any context. Yet recent work has shown that subtle emotional body cues can completely overturn the perceived emotion in real life emotional faces. For example, in a recent report my colleagues and I demonstrated that without body context cues, perceivers cannot differentiate real-life highly intense positive and negative faces [Aviezer et al., Science, in press]. Thus, it is clear that traditional neuropsychological research on emotion perception in HD is dated and needs to be bridged with contemporary work in social psychology and social neuroscience. To this end, the current studies will take an interdisciplinary approach and examine the perceptual mechanisms of face-body interactions in HD. Study 1 will use eye scanning to examine how perceived emotional body cues alter the visual scanning of facial expressions in HD. Study 2 will use facial EMG to examine how the perceived emotional body cues influence the automatic motor mimicry to perceived facial expressions in HD. Finally, study 3, will use fMRI to examine the neural processes involved in face-body integration in HD. These ecological perceptual-emotional measures combined with genetic, neuroanatomical and functional imaging biomarkers of disease progression, will have the power to portray, for the first time, a deep understanding of the neuropsychological mechanisms underlying impaired facial expression recognition in HD.

Keywords: facial expressions,body language,huntington's disease
Intentional control of mineralized ECM deposition in bone tissue engineering (BONECMONITOR)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2013-09-01
End date: 2017-08-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

World-wide, an estimated 2.2 million grafting procedures are performed each year. Bone tissue engineering has started off with the intent to replace auto- and allografts and regenerate bone through the use of cells with the aid of supporting structures and/or biomolecules. The field has shifted its focus in recent years from the attempt to generate functional implants towards the broader generation of an initial understanding of the interplay between these input parameters that are known influencing each other in various ways. The proposed research is situated in the field of tissue engineering combined with computational simulation of the timely development of the growing tissue. It aims at providing a simplified experimental setup that allows the variation of a few input parameters in a controlled way. Output parameter is the mineralized extracellular matrix (ECM) deposited by the cells that is assessed with longitudinal micro-computed tomography. Computational simulation is performed to generate an in silico model to ultimately predict the effect of influential parameters on in vitro mineralized ECM deposition. Within the project, reproducible scaffold geometries with defined structural parameters will be generated and evaluated for their in vitro influence on human mesenchymal stem cells under static and mechanically loaded conditions. The input parameters of the experiments are divided into fixed parameters that are set at the beginning of the culture and flexible parameters that can be adapted throughout the in vitro culture. Both types of parameters will serve as input parameters for computational simulations of the developing tissue. Through the understanding which parameters and perturbations influence tissue development in vitro, future translational approaches shall enable predictions on how to promote a healing response in a patient.

Keywords: bone tissue engineering,mechanobiology,longitudinal monitoring,ecm,micro-computed tomography,bioreactor,human mesenchymal stem cells,computational simulation,predictive model