Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Fermentation And behaviour of carbohydrates in the colon (FABCARB)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Reintegration panel
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Life Sciences
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2016, 2016)
Start date: 2017-04-01
End date: 2019-03-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 183454.8
EU funding (EUR): 183454.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most commonly diagnosed conditions in the EU with a prevalence of 10-15%, and although not fatal, it is associated with significant co-morbidities and societal costs. The causes of IBS are not well understood, although it has been suggested that there are dietary triggers of the disease, in particular fermentable carbohydrates such as resistant starch (RS). It is believed that alterations to the gut microbiota in IBS sufferers’ leads to changes in the mechanism of fermentation of carbohydrates, resulting the symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating and diarrhoea commonly associated with IBS. This project aims to identify the underlying mechanisms of fermentation of different forms of RS in healthy and IBS patients groups, and to uncover key differences in RS fermentation between these two groups. This will contribute to a deeper understanding of the underlying causes of IBS and help inform improved dietary guidelines and treatment options for patients. The approach I will take is to use in vitro chemostat models of the human colon, seeded with faeces from either healthy or IBS patient volunteers. Different physical forms of RS will be used as substrates for the colon models. The fermentation behaviour of the different substrates will be characterised in detail. The kinetics of gas and short chain fatty acid production will be monitored during fermentation. 16S sequencing will be used to identify key fermentative genera, and to assess differences in microbiota between healthy and IBS groups. This sequence data will then be used to generate specific probes for fluorescence in situ hybridisation microscopy to explore differences in the physical interaction between microbes and starch during fermentation. These data will be used to identify differences in microbial community composition, key fermentative species and fermentation pathways and end-products between different forms of RS by healthy and IBS patient microbiota.

Keywords: irritable bowel syndrome,starch,fermentation,carbohydrate,microbiota
Practical Approximation Algorithms - Proof of Concept (PAAL-POC)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Proof of concept grants
Action type: ERC actions
Countries involved: Poland
Call: ERC Proof of Concept Grant (ERC-2015-PoC, 2015)
Start date: 2015-11-01
End date: 2017-04-30
Duration (months): 18.0
Total project cost (EUR): 150000.0
EU funding (EUR): 150000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Nowadays, we witness that more and more information is stored and managed in a digital way. Moreover, very often processes are executed and planed by computers. This allows applying computer methods to optimize performance of our actions on an unprecedented scale. This is clearly visible in the case of eCommerce, where the main arena of operation of companies is handled solely using computers. Typically, machine learning tools and algorithms are widely used, e.g., for the prediction of user behavior, user classification, or in recommendation systems. When applying such tools one needs to base his computations on existing historical data. This limits the prediction power of such systems, as we cannot predict the reaction of the users nor of the markets to changes in our strategy. In the case of bidding for Ads in online auctions, we only have full information about the auctions we have won, but in the case of lost auctions we only know that we have lost. Hence, it is almost impossible to predict which auctions we would win using only plain historical data. This problem calls for a novel approach that could extrapolate missing information. Here, we propose the development of such framework together with the programming library that would support such extrapolation. This new framework will incorporate algorithmic game theory into the existing approximation and machine learning algorithms. Game theory gives the right tools to talk about incentives of strategic agents and allows predicting response of market actors to changing conditions. Our idea is to describe these incentives and to build a force feedback loop between market models and algorithmic optimization methods. We will first extract and learn the parameters of the market models from the historical data, only then the extrapolated model will be used as the benchmark for the optimization methods. This novel idea will allow to use optimization tools in the previously intractable parameter range.

Keywords: approximation algorithms,machine learning,algorithmic game theory,programming library,prediction and recommendation
SICK OF NOISE - Effects of noise pollution on marine invertebrate health and species interactions (SICK OF NOISE)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Environment and Geosciences
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2016, 2016)
Start date: 2018-07-16
End date: 2020-07-15
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 165598.8
EU funding (EUR): 165598.8
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

Noise is considered a threat to human health, causing not only annoyance or hearing impairment but also hypertension, ischemic heart disease and diabetes. Like humans, many animals can be affected by noise. Marine invertebrates, in particular, can be very sensitive to sounds and, because of their limited mobility, can be exposed to the disturbing noises of boat engines, windfarms and pile drivers over long periods of time. Such underwater noise pollution is known to have detrimental effects on the activity and physiology of marine invertebrates. In addition, these stress responses are likely to intensify the effects of parasitic infections and thus reduce host health in three ways: first, stressed hosts are typically in poorer condition and may be more susceptible to infections; second, stress may increase the impact of parasitism on hosts; and third, the combined effects of stress and parasitism may affect species interactions, e.g. by increasing predation on infected/weakened hosts. Given that parasites are also exposed to the disturbance, noise pollution could influence parasite traits too, including infectivity and survival. Yet, the influence of noise pollution on disease has never been documented in any organism. The proposed research will investigate the effects of noise pollution on parasitism and predator-prey interactions of key marine invertebrates: the blue mussel Mytilus edulis and the shore crab Carcinus maenas. By the use of multidisciplinary experimental approaches, I will (1) identify behavioural and physiological stress responses of molluscs and crustaceans exposed to noise pollution, (2) investigate for the first time connections between noise pollution and parasitic disease, and (3) conduct a pioneer work on the influence of noise pollution on parasite-mediated interactions. This work will result in a set of data which will be provided during the project to resource managers and policy makers to mitigate the impact of noise pollution.

Keywords: underwater noise pollution,host parasite interactions,molluscs,crustaceans,predation
Reconstructing human cortex development and malformation with single-cell transcriptomics (ORGANOMICS)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems
Panel description: Genetics, epigenetics, genomics and other ‘omics studies, bioinformatics, systems biology, genetic diseases, gene editing, innovative methods and modelling, ‘omics for personalised medicine
Countries involved: Germany,Switzerland
Call: ERC Starting Grant (ERC-2017-STG, 2017)
Start date: 2018-01-01
End date: 2023-06-30
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1500000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1171787.35
Participants: 2
Project status: SIGNED

Technologies to sequence single-cell transcriptomes (scRNA-seq) are revolutionizing our ability to analyze cell composition and differentiation in complex tissues. In parallel, recent innovations allow the generation of three-dimensional tissues from stem cells that recapitulate human development. In this proposal, we will focus on human cortex development modelled by cerebral organoids. Our vision is to create an integrative single-cell transcriptomic platform to reconstruct cerebral organoid development, and dissect network alterations that lead to human brain malformations. Our project will be advanced through the following objectives: 1. Single-cell transcriptome-coupled lineage tracing: We will use cellular barcoding to label individual cortical progenitor cells, trace their output and lineage trees with high-throughput scRNA-seq, and quantify lineage transition probabilities between cell types. 2. Gene knockout screens in mosaic organoids: We will use CRISPR/Cas9 to perform genetic screens of up to 100 genotypes in mosaic organoids to understand mechanisms that regulate cell lineage decisions during cortex development. 3. High-throughput reconstructions of cortex malformations: We will generate cerebral organoids from patients with cortical malformations and reconstruct networks and infer differentiation hierarchies using high-throughput and lineage-coupled scRNA-seq. We will spatially resolve network aberrations using sequential fluorescence in situ hybridization (seqFISH). ORGANOMICS provides an entirely new quantitative direction to study human corticogenesis. We will build high-resolution models of cortex development by measuring the expression and function of genes in thousands of single cells. Our interdisciplinary project will lead to groundbreaking insight into mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental diseases. Our general strategy can be extended to various other organ systems where protocols to generate in vitro counterparts can be established.

Keywords: single cell genomics,organoid technology,crispr,cas screen,cortical malformations
From nano to macro: a groundbreakIng actuation technology for robotic systems (MAGNIFY)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Future and Emerging Technologies (FET)
Theme: EIC Pathfinder
Destination: Novel ideas for radically new technologies
Action type: Research and Innovation actions
Countries involved: Italy,Italy,France,France,Netherlands
Call: FET-Open research and innovation actions (H2020-FETOPEN-1-2016-2017, 2017)
Start date: 2018-10-01
End date: 2023-11-30
Duration (months): 62.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2922730.0
EU funding (EUR): 2922730.0
Participants: 5
Project status: SIGNED

The long-term vision of the MAGNIFY project is to design and realize a new generation of artificial muscles for robotic systems, characterized by high force-to-weight ratio, high flexibility, fast reacting properties, and intrinsic rigidity tuning. The scientific and technological breakthrough consists in using billions of artificial molecular machines, organized in polymer electrospun nanofibers and controlled by electrical stimuli, to realize an artificial macroscopic muscle. Thanks to this bottom- up methodology, the stimuli-controlled nanoscale movements of the collective molecular machines will be incrementally amplified up to the macro-scale in the artificial muscle. The breakthrough of the MAGNIFY project is certainly ambitious because it contains novel scientific and technological challenges in several scientific disciplines. The design of the artificial muscle from the nano-scale up to the macro-scale will be a concrete foundational breakthrough because it will establish an essential basis for a new kind of actuation technology and its future use in robotic systems, as never anticipated before. The MAGNIFY project is built upon the strong believe that interdisciplinarity is core to the development of artificial muscles. MAGNIFY requires experts at the different scales, namely, i) at the nano-scale: molecular/supramolecular chemists for the synthesis of molecular machines and their manipulation; ii) at the boundary between the nano- and the micro-scale: electrochemists, material/polymer scientists, mechanical/electrical engineers for the realization of the electrospun nanofibers and their electrical connections; iii) at the micro-scale and towards the macro-scale: mechanical/electrical engineers for the realization of the bundles of nanofibers; iv) at the macro-scale: roboticists for the realization and testing of prototypes of the new artificial muscle.

Keywords: soft robotics,electrospinning
CIrCular Economy platfoRm for eurOpeaN priorities strategic agEnda (CICERONE)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Societal Challenges
Programme: Climate action, environment,  resource efficiency and raw materials
Theme: Enabling the transition towards a green economy and society through eco-innovation
Action type: Coordination and support actions
Countries involved: Germany,Estonia,Germany,Spain,Germany,Italy,Germany,Spain,Taiwan, Province of China,Switzerland,Bulgaria,Slovenia,Belgium,Belgium,Finland,Poland,Romania,Sweden,France,France,Netherlands,Netherlands
Call: Coordinated approaches to funding and promotion of research and innovation for the circular economy (H2020-SC5-2018-1, 2018)
Start date: 2018-11-01
End date: 2021-03-31
Duration (months): 29.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2027611.25
EU funding (EUR): 1998860.0
Participants: 26
Project status: CLOSED

CICERONE brings together programme owners, research organizations and other stakeholders to create a platform for efficient Circular Economy programming. The priority setting and the organization of the future platform will be driven by Programme Owners (POs), involved either as project partners, or via a stakeholder network. Diversity of national / regional situations is reflected in the partnership. The work will be carried out in close cooperation with research & technology organisations (RTOs), which contribute with their expertise of the main scientific and technological challenges. Consultation mechanisms will also ensure that all stakeholders will be able to actively contribute (civil society, industry, innovative SMEs, startups, cities, investors, networks, etc.). An initial benchmarking exercise will be carried out for a deeper understanding of the state of the art, mapping stakeholders, existing RDI priorities as well as funding and legal mechanisms. A prioritisation methodology will be developed to support an analysis of the current performance: synergies, gaps and duplications will be characterised, and pathways for improvements will be formulated. Identified best practices will drive the definition of policy recommendations. Once the state of the art has been clearly mapped out, the actual prioritisation work will be carried out. This includes building a Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda (SRIA), performing an ex-ante impact assessment of joint programming on circular economy R&I, and developing a policy toolkit to promote the priorities and foster adoption by policy-makers. The project will also set the grounds for the future PO platform, starting with defining its strategic role in the existing landscape. The next step will be to specify governance and possible legal frameworks, as well as creating a financially sustainable model. It is a key objective that the platform be sustained after the end of the project.

Keywords: sustainability,sria,programme owners
IdentiFication of brain deveLopmental gene co-expression netwOrks to Understand RIsk for SchizopHrenia (FLOURISH)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Global Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Life Sciences
Countries involved: Italy,United States
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2017, 2017)
Start date: 2018-11-08
End date: 2021-11-07
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 262269.0
EU funding (EUR): 262269.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

Schizophrenia risk is largely determined by genetic variation and is associated with altered development of several brain regions. Since there are likely thousands of genetic risk variants, the biology of risk and its effects on neural development cannot be determined by examining one gene at a time. Rather, it is important to understand how these genes converge into molecular pathways that determine overall risk. Genes converge into pathways because they are coordinated in response to environmental and physiologic factors. Hence, FLOURISH aims to identify biologically plausible pathways of convergence of genetic risk for schizophrenia along neural development in critical brain regions involved in schizophrenia risk. Gene Co-expression Network Analysis is effective to identify pathways of genes that are regulated, and thus expressed, together. FLOURISH will study how gene co-expression unfolds along the lifespan in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and striatum. Gene co-expression networks will then be associated with genetic variants to identify markers of pathway co-regulation. Genetic markers of pathways co-regulation will be combined into polygenic scores that will be tested as predictors of the structure and activity of the target brain regions assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. The action will consist of a training period (2 years) which Dr. Giulio Pergola will spend at the Lieber Institute for Brain Development (LIBD) at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA. LIBD is unique because of the unrivalled technology, expertise and research data regarding brain development. Dr. Pergola will be training about RNA analyses and return to the University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA) in the final year, to validate his genetic discoveries by means of neuroimaging. UNIBA is currently setting up the largest neuroimaging center in southern Italy and plans to have Dr. Pergola build an imaging genomics team to promote personalized medicine in psychiatry.

Keywords: gene coexpression networks,brain development
Sustainable bio-lubricants for green metalwork industry applications (HAROLBIO 2.0)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Industrial Leadership
Programme: Innovation in SMEs
Action type: SME instrument
Countries involved: Italy
Call: SME instrument (H2020-SMEInst-2018-2020-1, 2019)
Start date: 2019-12-01
End date: 2020-05-31
Duration (months): 6.0
Total project cost (EUR): 71429.0
EU funding (EUR): 50000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The Harolbio 2.0 project aims at introducing a next generation of metalworking fluids obtained from vegetable base oils able to disrupt the market of industrial lubricants. Harolbio 2.0 will then allow to establish a green value chain for the supply, use, recovery and regeneration of vegetable metalworking fluids, bringing several economic and environmental benefits to the entire metalworking industry value chain. The market of industrial metalworking fluids is still dominated by mineral oil base lubricants. It is estimated that metal industry demands over 36 million tons per years of these. The massive use of mineral lubricants is associated to a series of burdens which affect the labour safety, performances and overall sustainability. The use of traditional lubricants is closely concerned with a very unsafe and risky environment, illness conditions, environmental burdens, high cost of equipment maintenance and very high waste disposal cost. Nevertheless, metalworking fluids are deemed vital to many industries given the growing complexity of metalworking processes and machineries toward numeric control, subtractive and additive manufacturing applications. Despite the many issues related the use of synthetic oils, and the recent attempts to use vegetable components, a real alternative is not yet available. The use of vegetable oil represents a very promising alternative for the metalworking industry at whole. It has been demonstrated how Harolbio (TRL 6), developed by Bellini S.p.A, can overcome most of the issues related to traditional fluids thus reducing operator hazards, environmental burdens and increasing operation efficiency without compromising the quality of products. Bellini intends therefore to complete a first phase of techno-economical assessment to evaluate the suitability of a largescale uptake of Harolbio 2.0.

Keywords: metalworking fluid,lubricant,oilseed,base oil,vegetable oil,metalworking,lathing,cutting,metals,lubrication
Social inequalities in population health: integrating evidence from longitudinal, family-based and genetically informed data (HEALTHINEQ)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: The Social World and Its Diversity
Panel description: Sociology, social psychology, social anthropology, education sciences, communication studies
Countries involved: Finland
Call: ERC ADVANCED GRANT (ERC-2020-ADG, 2020)
Start date: 2021-10-01
End date: 2026-09-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2499422.5
EU funding (EUR): 2499422.0
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

Social inequalities in health are observed in all societies. These inequalities have grown markedly over the past 30 years, with those in less advantaged social positions currently expected to live 5–10 years less than those in more advantaged positions. The study aims to establish the root causes of these inequalities by (1) assessing the drivers of long-term changes in health inequalities and establishing the contribution of family factors and macro-level social and economic conditions to these changes; (2) examining multigenerational interdependencies of social position and health in up to four generations; (3) estimating the causal effects of social position on health by employing molecular genetic information and assessing whether genetic associations are mediated or modified by social position; (4) evaluating the generalisability of explanations of social inequalities in health through international comparative research. The study will integrate research scattered in multiple disciplines by establishing how family background – both social as experienced through living conditions and social resources in families, and genetic as inherited from biological parents – affects health and social disadvantage within and across generations. The project will go beyond standard observational research through new conceptual insight and by using a unique combination of longitudinal register-based and genetically informed data sources. We will take advantage of natural experiments – educational and alcohol policy reforms and rapid economic changes – to identify pivotal social processes in the production of health inequalities. Our results will be ground-breaking because we will establish how family and genetic factors are intertwined with individual social characteristics and how they manifest in health outcomes in different macro-level social conditions. The power to test causal hypotheses will advance science and help devise policies to reduce health inequalities.

Keywords: social epidemiology,genetic epidemiology