Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the roles that evolutionary forces play in shaping genomic and social divergence in natural populations of the cooperative bacterium Myxococcus xanthus. (MICROSOCIOGENOMYX)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-04-01
End date: 2015-03-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 192622.2
EU funding (EUR): 192622.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Our understanding of microbial genetic diversity in nature and how it relates to phenotypic divergence is extremely limited, including for social traits like those exhibited by myxobacteria. Relying on next-generation sequencing, the project proposed here seeks to quantify the roles that the forces of evolution play in shaping genomic and social divergence in natural populations of the model cooperative myxobacterium, Myxoccocus xanthus. First, I will use a global and spatially hierarchical collection of natural isolates spanning large metric scales to grasp both total and spatially partitioned genetic diversity in M. xanthus. Second, I will analyze genetic substitution patterns among these natural isolates, and quantify signals of selection and drift under special consideration of a “gold-standard” mutation rate estimate directly inferred from whole genome sequences of a large collection of lab evolved strains of M. xanthus. Third, I will link previously published phenotypic patterns in closely related natural isolates to their whole genome data to infer their underlying molecular mechanisms, and candidate mutations will be tested directly through construction of isogenic clones in the lab. This proposal offers me the excellent opportunity to receive cutting-edge training at one of Europe’s elite universities and will increase my level of scientific maturity and independence. It will also contribute European excellence in applying cutting-edge technologies to conceptually important questions.

Keywords: population genetics,biogeography,social geography,biological adaptation,phylogenetics,genomics,molecular microbiology
Equation of state dependence of neutron star mergers (EOSDNSM)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Greece
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-08-01
End date: 2015-07-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 161968.8
EU funding (EUR): 161968.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Mergers of neutron stars are strong emitters of gravitational waves and are among the prime targets of the upcoming gravitational wave detectors Advanced VIRGO and LIGO. Within our proposal we aim to clarify the influence of the equation of state (EoS) of neutron star matter (still largely incompletely known) on the post-merger gravitational wave signal. Understanding the dependence on the EoS can be used to determine the properties of high-density matter via the detection of gravitational waves and we plan to exploit our recent discovery of an empirical relation for doing this. Our project relies crucially on numerical simulations of neutron star mergers with different theoretical prescriptions of the high-density EoS. By developing a theoretical model of neutron star mergers and by exploring their detectability, we will be able to set up a ready-to-use pipeline for the detection and interpretation of the post-merger gravitational wave signals. Moreover, material that becomes gravitationally unbound after merging is subject to nucleosynthetic processes. The decompression of neutron-rich matter provides excellent conditions for producing r-process elements, heavy neutron-rich elements whose astrophysical production site has not yet been identified. In a second line of our proposal, we plan to investigate the detailed conditions for r-process nucleosynthesis in neutron star mergers, determining the dependence of the amount of ejecta on the EoS. We will use data from relativistic hydrodynamical merger simulations as input for nuclear network calculations, exploring the nucleosynthesis yields. Our efforts will also reveal the properties of electromagnetic counterparts of neutron star mergers, which are powered by the radioactive decay of the synthesized elements. These transients are potentially observable with upcoming and existing optical surveys, opening the exciting possibility of multi-messenger observations.

Keywords: p103 nuclear physics,p104 nuclear astrophysics,p111 relativity,p301 astronomy - astrophysics and cosmology,neutron stars,gravitational waves,nucleosynthesis,optical transients
ATLAS Higgs to taus (ATLASHIGGS2TAUS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-04-01
End date: 2015-03-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 221606.4
EU funding (EUR): 221606.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

In July 2012 the discovery was announced of a new boson observed at the Large Hadron Collider. The proponents of this project are uniquely placed, by their previous research, to measure key aspects of this new particle's couplings to other particles through a suite of measurements. This will be achieved by leading searches for the Higgs boson decaying to tau leptons, produced in several production mechanisms all of which feature particles produced in association with the Higgs boson (Vector Boson Fusion, association with W/Z or ttbar.This necessitates the proponents of ths proposal to work together to develop new strategies to record these events and to understand the connected theoretical issues. Further, I will develop a new career direction by joining Warwick and playing an important and timely role in the design of a new component of the ATLAS trigger system: L1Track which is currently in an R&D phase.

Keywords: p102 particle physics higgs taus couplings trigger l1track atlas
Bio-inspired Machine Learning for Chemical Sensing (BIOMACHINELEARNING)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2014-09-01
End date: 2016-08-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 231283.2
EU funding (EUR): 231283.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

One of the main obstacles to a wider uptake of general purpose chemical sensing devices, so-called electronic noses (e-noses), are their generally slow response times. Yet, animals use their olfactory senses for essential tasks such as detecting threats and locating food or mating partners. The reason for the enormous success of biological olfactory systems is only partially due to faster sensors. Recent behavioural and physiological work has shown that animals make decisions, and that the response of olfactory brain structures is most informative, long before the receptors and the corresponding receiving neurons in the brain reach a steady state. In our project, we want to exploit a bioinspired approach to enhance e-nose technology and towards enabling their ubiquitous applicability. Our project has three major goals: First, to improve the accuracy and speed of odour detection and identification in electronic nose systems. Second, to provide a bio-inspired solution for odour detection and classification using a spiking neuronal network that outperforms the performance of existing approaches. Third, we aim at implementing our approach on a neuromorphic hardware system, providing a low-power, high-performance computing solution for portable electronic noses. To achieve our goals, we will employ fundamental biological concepts of information processing in neuronal circuits that have been neglected in existing bioinspired systems, but which have been shown to play an important role in biological olfaction.

Keywords: g207 signal processing,g113 parallel and distributed computing,l504 sensory systems,g204 systems engineering - sensorics - actorics - automation
Identification of inflammation pathways involved in the predisposition to decreased neurogenesis and depression (MECPST-IPD)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-05-01
End date: 2015-04-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 221606.4
EU funding (EUR): 221606.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Current drug therapies for depression have clinical benefits for many patients, however, there remains a large number of patients who either do not become entirely enabled or do not have any clinical benefits whatsoever. Depression is estimated to cost society financially upward of 1% GDP, not to mention the toll on those suffering from depression including their families. During the past decades, enormous resources have been spent to find new mechanisms through which to treat the disease though without any results thus forcing researchers to change strategy. One development has been the general acceptance that depression may be composed of several pathologies rather than a single disease mechanism. In this project we incorporate three potential pathologies which have recently been associated with depression. The first is stress which is known as a common cause of depression followed by adult neurogenesis which has recently been suggested to regulate stress. Finally, inflammation has most recently been suggested to develop into a pathology which can cause depression. Our latest research has shown specifically an association between depressed individuals who are exposed to early life stress and inflammation and furthermore that these exposed individuals have an increased level of inflammation even in the absence of depression. We have therefore developed a hypothesis that individuals exposed to early life stress have an inflammatory predisposition and have a larger chance of developing depression if other pathologies (stress/decreased neurogenesis) are also present. If this hypothesis is validated, treatment methods targeting this predisposition will be of significant interest. To test this hypothesis we plan to develop an animal model which incorporates these pathologies which we can then further use to discover and thereafter test new treatment targets.

Keywords: lif inflammation,adult neurogenesis,stress,depression,psychoneuroimmunology,neuropsychopharmacology
Studies of jets from Galactic black holes and neutron stars (GALACTIC JETS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom,United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-03-01
End date: 2015-02-28
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 231283.2
EU funding (EUR): 231283.2
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

The project proposes to study the astrophysical properties of jets from Galactic black holes and neutron stars. Jets produced from extragalactic black holes are believed to shape the structure of galaxies, therefore they are fundamentally important to understanding how our universe has formed; however, we do not understand how accretion disks produce the jets, the direct influence a black hole has on the disk-jet relationship or what regulates the outflow rate of the jet. As extragalactic black holes are extremely large and distant, I propose to investigate the much nearer Galactic sources that vary on much shorter time-scales. Black holes and neutrons stars in Galactic X-ray binaries have many of the scale invariant properties shown in extragalactic sources, but the jet variability is only ~seconds to days (whereas extragalactic jets can take >10,000 yrs to cross). X-ray binaries are also isolated systems, where properties such as the distance, orbital parameters and the source of the accreted material are often well known. Hitherto, state-of-the-art research on jets from X-ray binaries has been limited as the radio brightness of the non-thermal emission from their jets is relatively weak compared to extragalactic sources. A recent advancement in radio astronomy has exponentially increased the sensitivity of radio telescopes and preparation for the construction of the SKA will continue this development. I propose to use my experience of commissioning new European radio telescopes to lead observations of X-ray binaries that were previously undetectable. I will also study the radio emission from the super-massive black hole at the Galactic Centre to investigate if the emission comes from a jet. Then, I will collaborate with theoretical and multi-wavelength experts at the University of Southampton to develop a physical model that describes the disk-jet variability.

Keywords: p101 fundamental interactions and fields,p301 astronomy - astrophysics and cosmology
Automated multi-level modeling of biological systems considering physico-chemical constraints (AMBICON)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IOF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-07-01
End date: 2016-08-30
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 263448.6
EU funding (EUR): 263448.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The aim to make biological phenomena predictable is the driving force of research in systems biology. The ability to simulate entire cellular systems in the computer would be of great benefit for the biotechnological production of medication and the development of personalized medicine. To this end, the development of mathematical models plays a central role. The horizontal integration of models developed for gene regulation, signal transduction, or metabolism into a broader picture of the cellular interplay belongs to the most challenging problems of this endeavor: Models need to be combined that have solely been developed for one particular aspect. Only based on a holistic and detailed description of all cellular processes reliable computer models can be created by incorporating physico-chemical constraints that limit the model to experimental and real-world conditions. The creation of individual models is still not straightforward. Due to the complexity of the systems and the ability to simultaneously quantify several thousands of biological entities, this approach can only be feasible with the help of precise automated methods that reduce the human effort for model creation to a minimum. This project aims to unify the existing theoretical approaches for model creation (MASS and AMUSE). The effectiveness of these methods will be validated in an application to large-scale metabolic data (evolved E. coli, human erythrocytes and platelets). The combined wet-lab/dry-lab research facility at the University of California, San Diego, (UCSD) provides an excellent environment for the training of the applicant: Hands-on experimentation practice and effective large-scale study design involving biologists and modelers will be valuable learning objectives for the later establishment of independent research projects in Europe.

Keywords: l210 bioinformatics,l213 systems biology,l211 computational biology,l204 metabolomics,l207 quantitative genetics,l311 cell genetics
Re-discovering a Periodic Table of Elementary Circuit Elements (DISCOVERTABLE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IIF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-08-01
End date: 2015-07-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 309235.2
EU funding (EUR): 309235.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

In DiscoverTable, Wang (the local host) and Chua (the fellow) will further extend their advocated tables to cover not only the “ideal” elements but also non-ideal elements with additional state variables, which will reflect the latest advance in modern information technology (IT) because most of real-world molecular and nano-electronic elements have multiple state variables. The importance of a circuit element table is similar to that of Mendeleev’s Periodic Table of Chemical Elements in Chemistry. Such a table would help us categorise the existing circuit elements and predict new circuit elements.

Keywords: g202 electrical and electronic engineering
Real-time understanding of dexterous deformable object manipulation with bio-inspired hybrid hardware architectures (REAL-TIME ASOC)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IOF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-05-07
End date: 2016-05-06
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 254925.9
EU funding (EUR): 254925.9
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The ability to perceive and understand our dynamic real world is critical for the next generation of multi-sensory robotic systems. One of the most important tasks is searching, but the biological mechanism is seen as an adaptive process that searches for an object of interest managing the limited available processing. Actually, cognitive robots require attention mechanisms to determine what parts of the sensory array they need to process, in the same way than the biological systems. In other words, attention consists in selecting the most relevant information from multi-sensory inputs to perform efficiently the search of a target. A first mechanism consists in a bottom-up approach that is inherent to the scenario and happens at a very early processing stage. This mechanism also includes some prior symbolic contextual knowledge about the target under consideration. This knowledge determines to a large extent the area that the robot will have to examine first, and it is usually expressed in natural language in the form of resources such as the lexica ontology and could be directly accessible by the robot to narrow down the visual search space. Then, when the robot decides to examine a specific selected area, the robot should have the model of the target with information about its shape, size, color, or texture. This model should describe the target enough to allow the robot to efficiently find a small number of candidates. This second process is voluntary and is called top-down attention. By providing multiple relevant contributions across the spectrum of the FP7 objectives in terms of its potential to advance robotic manufacturing, autonomous navigation, and computing paradigms, this project will enable the candidate to maintain and enhance his position at the forefront of advances in this field.

Keywords: g101 computer architecture,g104 graphics and image processing,g210 robotics,g202 electrical and electronic engineering
Bayesian nonparametric methods for networks and recommender systems (BNPNET)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-09-01
End date: 2015-08-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 231283.2
EU funding (EUR): 231283.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Bayesian nonparametric (BNP) methods have become very popular over recent years in machine learning and statistics as it allows to build elegant and sophisticated models. Contrary to Bayesian parametric methods, this set of techniques allows the number of parameters to grow with the number of data and is particularly suitable in the data rich environment we now face. This project aims at developing new Bayesian models for the probabilistic modeling of large and structured data such as networks and buyer preferences. First, we aim at developing new models for networked data. The last few years have seen a tremendous interest in the study and understanding of complex networks. We plan to develop new models for static and dynamic networks, with or without clustering structure, that can handle a potentially large number of nodes and exhibit a power-law behavior, with simple inference procedures for the parameters. Second, we aim at developing BNP recommender systems. Recommender systems aim at predicting the preference that a user would give to a specific item. They are especially useful for e-commerce in order to provide targeted advertisements to users. When the number of potential users and items is potentially large compared to the number of transactions, a BNP approach becomes sensible. We aim at developing new probabilistic models for the modeling of the behavior of buyers over time.

Keywords: g109 knowledge engineering and artificial intelligence,g208 networks,m114 probability and statistics