Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Not only Whom you Know but also How you Know them Matters: How the Structure of Social Networks affects Racial Prejudice. (NETWORKS & PREJUDICE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IOF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-06-15
End date: 2015-06-14
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 263660.7
EU funding (EUR): 263660.7
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This project will investigate how structural features of a person’s social network affect the reduction of interethnic prejudice. Examples of such structural features are whether one’s friends know one another and whether friends from one’s own racial group spend time in the same social settings as the friends from other groups. The work builds on recent insights in social psychology on the impact of interethnic friendships on prejudice. Under the supervision of experts at Stanford and Utrecht University, the fellow will be among the first to apply state-of-the-art techniques from sociological network analysis to the psychological study of intergroup contact and prejudice. Moreover, close collaboration with one of the world's leading experts in survey methodology (Prof Krosnick) will enable the fellow to develop better instruments to measure social networks in online surveys and advance his abilities to determine the quality of survey indicators. This newly gained knowledge will be transferred to the returning host institute through workshops and a new data collection in collaboration with local PhD students. One of Europe’s leading experts on migration and ethnic relations (Prof Verkuyten) will supervise and support the fellow, and ensure that the new insights in the role of networks are made available to other European researchers. This project addresses two core goals of the FP7 program in socio-economic science and humanities through its focus on (1) cultural diversity as a consequence of migration and (2) how this relates to discrimination in terms of interethnic prejudice. Because of the high relevance of this topic for the public and for ethnically heterogeneous schools in particular, media releases as well as workshops with teachers are planned to disseminate the findings. The training in scientific and soft skills proposed in this project will put the fellow in an excellent position to become an independent researcher and establish his own research group.

Keywords: social psychology,sociology,social networks,intergroup contact,racial prejudice,interethnic prejudice,integration
Molecular design of biologically inspired soft materials for hard tissue regeneration (PEPTIDOPAMIN)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IOF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-05-01
End date: 2014-04-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 185363.4
EU funding (EUR): 185363.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The shortcomings of current medical grafting procedures to treat severe bone defects continue to drive the development of alternative therapies. The clinical success of synthetic bone fillers is still disappointingly limited. Although hydrogels have not been classically studied for bone regeneration applications, owing to their inherently low mechanical properties, these highly hydrated soft materials can provide a proper environment to cell adhesion, migration, proliferation and differentiation, thereby mimicking the regulatory function of natural extracellular matrix (ECM). If successfully regenerated, the newly formed bone would comply with the mechanical requirements. A common feature of mussel-adhesive proteins is the presence of dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), an amino acid formed by posttranslational modification. These proteins adhesive properties can be mimicked by a group of DOPA structurally related molecules, useful for the creation of bioadhesive coatings and hydrogels of great biocompatibility. DOPA-based soft materials can easily incorporate bioactive PEPTIDE molecules. Small peptide mimetics have the ability to reproduce some of the biological roles of biologically related proteins, such as Integrin mediated cell adhesion and capability to induce MINERALIZATION. Thus, intrinsically adhesive and biocompatible hydrogels, which include both cell attachment ligands and prospective hydroxyapatite binding peptides, will be developed to induce the deposition of bone-like mineral in close association with the artificial ECM, under biologically relevant conditions. These artificial ECMs will also incorporate tuned hydrolytically degradable crosslinks, and will be designed to be used as injectable systems for minimally invasive surgical procedures. The overall design aims at creating an artificial ECM that instructs osteogenic and progenitor cells to recapitulate the normal bone healing and morphogenetic processes.

Keywords: biomaterial engineering,biomedical materials,orthopaedics,polymer chemistry,surface chemistry,macromolecular chemistry,materials engineering,mineralization,bioadhesives,bioactive peptides
High-energy dissipative soliton dispersion-managed fibre laser based on carbon nanotubes (DISCANT)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IIF, 2011)
Start date: 2013-04-18
End date: 2015-04-17
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 209033.4
EU funding (EUR): 209033.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The proposed research program aims at knowledge transfer from a Fellow with strong expertise in mode-locking fibre lasers using carbon nanotubes to the EU host who can combine this knowledge with own expertise in soliton theory and dispersion management for advancing the fast growing field of fibre lasers. The overall research objective is to develop new concepts, techniques and approaches to the new design of high-energy fibre lasers based on a transfer of the methods of nonlinear science into the field of optical engineering. The proposed interdisciplinary project will link optical engineering laser research to applied mathematics, nonlinear wave physics and nano-material physics. The academic profile of the applicant ideally matches the proposed research project. Dr. Webb as a host will supervise the experimental research in the project and Prof. Turitsyn as a co-supervisor will coordinate theoretical studies on dispersion-managed dissipative soliton fibre lasers. The project is split into four distinct work packages (WPs) targeting four types of research goals and corresponding knowledge transfer. • WP1 targets fundamental properties of fibre laser systems. • WP2 will create a platform for fabrication of carbon nanotube saturable absorbers for photonic applications. • WP3 will focus on demonstration of advanced practical high-energy fibre laser systems. • WP4 will aim to optimize noise performance of the laser systems and broaden their operating wavelength range. The proposed interdisciplinary program will make important contributions both to science and technology and European excellence and competitiveness, namely, the project: • will enhance EU research in laser science, optical communications and nonlinear photonics; • will establish an internationally leading position for EU in the science, application and production technologies of fibre lasers; • will lead to a new level of high-brilliance laser sources important for a range of applications.

Keywords: laser technology,fiber laser,high-energy pulse,mode-locking,dissipative soliton,telecommunications engineering,optronics,dispersion management,nanodevices,carbon nanotubes,materials engineering
Characterization of a novel population of olfactory sensory neurons in the main olfactory epithelium (MOUSEOLF)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-06-01
End date: 2014-05-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 256364.2
EU funding (EUR): 256364.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Sensory organs allow animals to extract information from their surroundings, and to build a representation of the outside world. A good representation of the environment is a prerequisite for an organism to respond to its peers, predators or prey, for example. To do this, various organisms rely heavily on their sense of smell. Indeed, olfaction is the most important sense for many animals, including mice. The mouse olfactory organ is composed of neurons, which each express a single type of chemosensory receptor. These receptors are involved in detecting odorants or pheromones and are the foundation block of olfaction. Until now, five major families of olfactory chemoreceptors have been identified, all of which are G-protein coupled receptors. Recently, the Rodriguez lab has identified a novel population of neurons in the main olfactory epithelium (MOE) defined by their expression of TrpC2, a protein usually absent in this area. Preliminary evidence suggests that these few thousand neurons do not express any of the five types of known olfactory chemoreceptors and are thus likely to contain an undefined receptor family. Here, we plan to use a novel approach to identify these receptors. We will use fluorescence-activated cell sorting to specifically isolate the population of interest from transgenic mice engineered so that the TrpC2-expressing neurons are fluorescently labeled. We will then perform deep-sequencing of these neurons’ transcriptome to identify candidate chemoreceptors, and will further characterize these candidates using RT-PCR and in situ hybridization. In addition, in a separate approach we will generate a knock-in line allowing us to conditionally silence the TrpC2 neurons in the MOE. Using various standard assays, we will test the behavioral role of this neuronal population. By potentially identifying a new chemoreceptor family and assessing its behavioral function, this work will greatly contribute to our better understanding of olfaction.

Keywords: genetics,molecular biology,neuroscience,olfaction,behavior,mouse
Fast Mapping: How to acquire new declarative memories independently from the Hippocampus? (FAST MAPPING)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IOF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-10-01
End date: 2016-05-11
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 244670.4
EU funding (EUR): 244670.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Current theories of declarative memory suggest that it is supported by two complementary memory systems: the medial temporal lobe (MTL) which specializes in rapid acquisition of novel associations and the neocortex, which slowly learns through environmental regularities. Gilboa et al. recently reported an extraordinary phenomenon of rapid acquisition of novel arbitrary associations by adults with severe anterograde amnesia due to extensive MTL lesions. These data challenge the accepted view of dual declarative memory systems and offer a radically different mechanism for directly acquiring semantics without enlisting the hippocampus: the Fast Mapping. Fast Mapping refers to a process that supports vocabulary acquisition among children who do not have a mature hippocampus. They actively infer the meaning of novel words by generating hypotheses based on contextual cues or on the way the words are used in a sentence. By using a multidisciplinary approach, this project aims at highlighting the neural substrates and the cognitive mechanisms underlying this type of learning. First, we will explore the neural basis of FM by a clinical approach. We will contrast the performance of patients whose pathology primarily involves the Anterior Temporal Lobe (Semantic Dementia) with that of patients with more pronounced Medial Temporal Lobe pathology (Alzheimer’s disease). In a second experiment we will use Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in order to highlight the brain regions that are involved in the FM learning. Experiments 3 and 4 aim at investigating the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying FM. Using a Bayesian framework, we will try to demonstrate how knowledge and inference are used in combination with repeated exposures to guide people in learning new words. We will also use MEG to highlight the patterns’ changes of neocortical activity when participant learn through FM. Finally, we will develop new tools for memory rehabilitation based on the FM acquisition.

Keywords: neuropsychology,declarative memory,fast mapping,meg,tms,alzheimer's disease,semantic dementia,bayesian framework
Microtubule dynamics and neuronal cargo trafficking during dendrite to axon switching (MTSAXONREGENERATION)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF, 2011)
Start date: 2013-03-11
End date: 2015-03-10
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 183805.8
EU funding (EUR): 183805.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Neurons are highly polarized cells, possessing two distinct types of processes, dendrites and a single axon. In cultured mammalian neurons, axons have uniform polarity microtubules (MTs) with plus ends distal to the cell body, while dendrites have mixed polarity with about half plus-end-out and half minus-end-out MTs. Several studies suggest that neurons have a tremendous capacity for axon regeneration, even in response to total axon removal they can convert a dendrite to a regenerating axon. This process of regenerating does seem to be accompanied by changing the MT cytoskeleton from the dendritic polarity to the axonal one. Various signaling molecules are implicated in the early events of neuronal polarization, but little is known about regulation of MT polarity orientation during these initial stages and in processes involves in rebuilding the entire neuronal MT cytoskeleton. The purpose of this project is trying to understand the mechanism underlying the rearranged of MT dynamics and polarity after axon removal in hippocampal neurons. First, we will describe this re-polarization and MT dynamics during axonal regeneration, and then we will deepen in how microtubule-associated proteins +TIPs, motor proteins, like dynein, and Rho-GTPase proteins could regulate this process.

Keywords: neurobiology,molecular biology,cytoskeleton,microtubules,actin,dynein,+tips,rho-gtpases,dendritic to axon conversion,microtubule dynamics,hippocampal culture,axotomy
Formation, maintenance and differentiation of the extraembryonic endoderm lineage (EXEL)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IIF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-03-01
End date: 2014-02-28
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 193594.8
EU funding (EUR): 193594.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The goals of regenerative medicine require a deep understanding of cell lineage and differentiation, developmental potential and fate. Stem cells representing each of the three first cell lineages of the mammalian blastocyst embryo, TS (trophectoderm), XEN (extraembryonic endoderm, exEn) and ES (epiblast) can be isolated, maintained and differentiated and provide tremendous tools for cell-based therapies. In this proposal, I will dissect the molecular mechanisms of maintenance and differentiation of XEN stem cells. The rationale is that exEn is a critical tissue for embryo survival and patterning. It also plays a role in hematopoiesis, germ cell specification and has been recently found in the endoderm of the fetus. Therefore, understanding XEN cell biology will provide important informations concerning the conditions necessary to expand and manipulate stem cells in vitro. As a consequence, this will have significant impact on the manipulation of embryonic-derived stem cells in regenerative medicine. My project will be centered around three aspects of exEn biology. What are the role(s) of the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) in exEn formation? What functions exerts Wnt signaling pathway in XEN stem cell maintenance and differentiation? What are the key factors involved in their maintenance and differentiation ? This project will be achieved by combining genetic and pharmacological strategies both in vivo and ex vivo.

Keywords: animal embryology,genetics,stem cell,early development,extraembryonic endoderm,signaling pathway,wnt,receptor tyrosine kinase
Programmable self-assembly of DNA-coated colloids (COLLOIDS WITH DNA)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IIF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-08-01
End date: 2014-07-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 200371.8
EU funding (EUR): 200371.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The ability to structure matter at near-atomic scales has resulted in significant technological advances in computing, medicine, materials science and other areas. Current techniques to do this have important limitations, and alternatives might greatly expand the range of devices and materials we can make. Self-assembly of DNA-coated microparticles, or colloids, is one very promising alternative, where DNA acts as an exquisitely programmable ``smart glue'' between the colloids. Using computer simulations, we will explore how to coax colloids coated with multiple, varied DNA sequences into spontaneously forming precise, intricate assemblies. Our immediate focus will be to build microstructures that will facilitate the scalable fabrication of 3D photonic crystals, a promising material with which to build future all-optical computing devices. The innumerable potential pathways to direct such an assembly can be explored much more efficiently through computer simulation than is possible experimentally. Nevertheless, by carefully limiting simulations to the experimental constraints of today and the near-future, we hope to realize the assemblies we see computationally in experiments.

Keywords: computational chemistry,soft matter and polymer physics,macromolecular chemistry
Intelligent Decision Making Systems in European Business and Economics (IDMSEBE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-05-01
End date: 2014-04-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 200371.8
EU funding (EUR): 200371.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

In this proposal we want to develop new decision making models and analyze its usefulness in European business and economic problems. For doing so, we use a wide range of techniques commonly used in the area of soft computing. Especially, we focus on the use of the ordered weighted average (OWA). The OWA operator is an aggregation operator that provides a parameterized family of aggregation operators between the minimum and the maximum. Thus, in decision making it can be used as a tool for measuring the degree of optimism (pessimism) that the decision maker is using in the decision process. We will develop a wide range of new OWA operators by using other tools such as probabilities, weighted averages and distance measures. We will give particular attention to decision making problems in the area of business administration and economics. For example, we will consider problems in the area of financial management, strategic management, human resource selection and public sector management. Some of these models will bring a strong connection with other related areas including politics and law. Political decision making will be a part of our analysis when economic decisions are involved such as the fiscal and monetary policies of a country. Juridical decision making will be also considered especially from the context of the European Union because the establishment of laws needs a previous decision making analysis in order to obtain the most appropriate ones. For doing so, the researcher of this proposal wants to move to the Manchester Business School (MBS) at the University of Manchester to work with Jian-Bo Yang, a leading expert in this area and the Chair of Decision and System Sciences at MBS.

Keywords: business administration,information technology,cybernetics,systems design,operations research