Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
High-Dimensional Sparse Optimal Control (HDSPCONTR)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Mathematical foundations
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111012, 2012)
Start date: 2012-12-01
End date: 2017-11-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1123000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1123000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

We are addressing the analysis and numerical methods for the tractable simulation and the optimal control of dynamical systems which are modeling the behavior of a large number N of complex interacting agents described by a large amount of parameters (high-dimension). We are facing fundamental challenges: - Random projections and recovery for high-dimensional dynamical systems: we shall explore how concepts of data compression via Johnson-Lindenstrauss random embeddings onto lower-dimensional spaces can be applied for tractable simulation of complex dynamical interactions. As a fundamental subtask for the recovery of high-dimensional trajectories from low-dimensional simulated ones, we will address the efficient recovery of point clouds defined on embedded manifolds from random projections. -Mean field equations: for the limit of the number N of agents to infinity, we shall further explore how the concepts of compression can be generalized to work for associated mean field equations. - Approximating functions in high-dimension: differently from purely physical problems, in the real life the ”social forces” which are ruling the dynamics are actually not known. Hence we will address the problem of automatic learning from collected data the fundamental functions governing the dynamics. - Homogenization of multibody systems: while the emphasis of our modelling is on “social” dynamics, we will also investigate methods to recast multibody systems into our high-dimensional framework in order to achieve nonstandard homogenization by random projections. - Sparse optimal control in high-dimension and mean field optimal control: while self-organization of such dynamical systems has been so far a mainstream, we will focus on their sparse optimal control in high-dimension. We will investigate L1-minimization to design sparse optimal controls. We will learn high-dimensional (sparse) controls by random projections to lower dimension spaces and their mean field limit.

Keywords: random projections,compressed sensing and sparse recovery,dynamical systems in high-dimension,sparse optimal control,mean field optimal control
The origins of galaxy bimodality: Linking mergers, starbursts and feedback in observations and simulations (SEDMORPH)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Universe sciences
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111012, 2012)
Start date: 2012-09-01
End date: 2018-01-31
Duration (months): 65.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1430622.0
EU funding (EUR): 1430622.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Understanding how and why galaxies form and evolve is one of the most challenging problems in modern astrophysics. Our own galaxy, the Milky Way, shows order and structure, as do most massive galaxies in our local neighbourhood. Yet when we look to very distant galaxies they are disordered and chaotic. The leading theory for the origin of this transformation invokes gas-rich mergers, which trigger massive starbursts leading to bulge and supermassive black hole growth. The aim of this project is to provide conclusive observational evidence to confirm or refute this fundamental theory of galaxy evolution. Considerable quantities of high quality data are now available for both local and distant galaxies; new methodology is urgently required to enable the translation of this data into an improved understanding of galaxy formation. In this project I will lead a team to develop a suite of new techniques to: (1) statistically link galaxy populations traditionally studied in isolation (starbursts, post-starbursts, mergers, remnants); (2) combine information from both the multi-wavelength spectral energy distributions and morphologies of galaxy samples; (3) visualise the information contained in multiple large datasets. My team will compare directly with merger models to interpret the data in terms of the physical processes driving galaxy evolution. The new techniques will provide stringent observational constraints on models, improve robustness of model-data comparison and highlight areas for improvement. As the only researcher with access to all four of the newest world-leading surveys for galaxy evolution, I am uniquely placed to build an integrated picture of the dominant physical processes that drive galaxy evolution over 3/4 of cosmic time. An ERC grant will allow me to build a team to fully exploit the information provided by all four surveys, through novel analysis techniques and concurrent comparison with models.

Keywords: starbursts - post-starbursts - mergers - galaxy morphology - multivariate and bayesian statistics - hydrodynamic simulations - multiwavelength surveys - integral field surveys
Automorphic Forms and Moduli Spaces of Galois Representations (AF AND MSOGR)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Mathematical foundations
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111012, 2012)
Start date: 2012-10-01
End date: 2017-09-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1131339.0
EU funding (EUR): 1131339.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

I propose to establish a research group to develop completely new tools in order to solve three important problems on the relationships between automorphic forms and Galois representations, which lie at the heart of the Langlands program. The first is to prove Serre’s conjecture for real quadratic fields. I will use automorphic induction to transfer the problem to U(4) over the rational numbers, where I will use automorphy lifting theorems and results on the weight part of Serre's conjecture that I established in my earlier work to reduce the problem to proving results in small weight and level. I will prove these base cases via integral p-adic Hodge theory and discriminant bounds. The second is to develop a geometric theory of moduli spaces of mod p and p-adic Galois representations, and to use it to establish the Breuil–Mézard conjecture in arbitrary dimension, by reinterpreting the conjecture in geometric terms. This will transform the subject by building the first connections between the p-adic Langlands program and the geometric Langlands program, providing an entirely new world of techniques for number theorists. As a consequence of the Breuil-Mézard conjecture, I will be able to deduce far stronger automorphy lifting theorems (in arbitrary dimension) than those currently available. The third is to completely determine the reduction mod p of certain two-dimensional crystalline representations, and as an application prove a strengthened version of the Gouvêa–Mazur conjecture. I will do this by means of explicit computations with the p-adic local Langlands correspondence for GL_2(Q_p), as well as by improving existing arguments which prove multiplicity one theorems via automorphy lifting theorems. This work will show that the existence of counterexamples to the Gouvêa-Mazur conjecture is due to a purely local phenomenon, and that when this local obstruction vanishes, far stronger conjectures of Buzzard on the slopes of the U_p operator hold.

Keywords: modular forms,automorphic forms,galois representations,langlands program,p-adic langlands program
Image processing for enhanced cinematography (IP4EC)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Computer science and informatics
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111012, 2012)
Start date: 2012-10-01
End date: 2018-03-31
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1499160.0
EU funding (EUR): 1499160.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The objective is to develop image processing algorithms for cinema that allow people watching a movie on a screen to see the same details and colors as people at the shooting location can. It is due to camera and display limitations that the shooting location and the images on the screen are perceived very differently. We want to be able to use common cameras and displays (as opposed to highly expensive hardware systems) and work solely on processing the video so that our perception of the scene and of the images on the screen match, without having to add artifical lights when shooting or to manually correct the colors to adapt to a particular display device. Given that in terms of sensing capabilities cameras are in most regards better than human photoreceptors, the superiority of human vision over camera systems lies in the better processing which is carried out in the retina and visual cortex. Therefore, rather than working on the hardware, improving lenses and sensors, we will instead use, whenever possible, existing knowledge on visual neuroscience and models on visual perception to develop software methods mimicking neural processes in the human visual system, and apply these methods to images captured with a regular camera. From a technological standpoint, reaching our goal will be a remarkable achievement which will impact how movies are made (in less time, with less equipment, with smaller crews, with more artistic freedom) but also which movies are made (since good-visual-quality productions will become more affordable.) We also anticipate a considerable technological impact in the realm of consumer video. From a scientific standpoint, this will imply finding solutions for several challenging open problems in image processing and computer vision, but it also has a strong potential to bring methodological advances to other domains like experimental psychology and visual neuroscience.

Keywords: image processing,variational methods,perceptual modeling,image color analysis,high dynamic range imaging,image enhancement,image restoration
Asymptotic Graph Properties (APGRAPH)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Mathematical foundations
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111012, 2012)
Start date: 2012-12-01
End date: 2018-11-30
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 818413.9
EU funding (EUR): 818413.9
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Many parts of Graph Theory have witnessed a huge growth over the last years, partly because of their relation to Theoretical Computer Science and Statistical Physics. These connections arise because graphs can be used to model many diverse structures. The focus of this proposal is on asymptotic results, i.e. the graphs under consideration are large. This often unveils patterns and connections which remain obscure when considering only small graphs. It also allows for the use of powerful techniques such as probabilistic arguments, which have led to spectacular new developments. In particular, my aim is to make decisive progress on central problems in the following 4 areas: (1) Factorizations: Factorizations of graphs can be viewed as partitions of the edges of a graph into simple regular structures. They have a rich history and arise in many different settings, such as edge-colouring problems, decomposition problems and in information theory. They also have applications to finding good tours for the famous Travelling salesman problem. (2) Hamilton cycles: A Hamilton cycle is a cycle which contains all the vertices of the graph. One of the most fundamental problems in Graph Theory/Theoretical Computer Science is to find conditions which guarantee the existence of a Hamilton cycle in a graph. (3) Embeddings of graphs: This is a natural (but difficult) continuation of the previous question where the aim is to embed more general structures than Hamilton cycles - there has been exciting progress here in recent years which has opened up new avenues. (4) Resilience of graphs: In many cases, it is important to know whether a graph `strongly’ possesses some property, i.e. one cannot destroy the property by changing a few edges. The systematic study of this notion is a new and rapidly growing area. I have developed new methods for deep and long-standing problems in these areas which will certainly lead to further applications elsewhere.

Keywords: graph theory,probabilistic methods,graph algorithms,hamilton cycles,embeddings,random graphs,extremal graph theory
Next-generation polymer nanofibers: from electrified jets to hybrid optoelectronics (NANO-JETS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Products and process engineering
Countries involved: Italy,Italy
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111012, 2012)
Start date: 2013-03-01
End date: 2018-02-28
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1491823.0
EU funding (EUR): 1491823.0
Participants: 3
Project status: CLOSED

This project ultimately targets the application of polymer nanofibers in new, cavity-free lasers. To this aim, it wants to tackle the still unsolved problems of the process of electrospinning in terms of product control by the parameters affecting the dynamics of electrified jets. The electrospinning is based on the uniaxial elongation of polymeric jets with sufficient molecular entanglements, in presence of an intense electric field. It is a unique approach to produce nanofibers with high throughput. However, the process is still largely suboptimal, the most of nanofiber production being still carried out on an empirical basis. Though operationally simple, electrospinning is indeed complex as the behavior of electrified jets depends on many experimental variables making fully predictive approaches still missing. This project aims to elucidating and engineering the still unclear working principles of electrospinning by solutions incorporating active materials, with a tight synergy among modeling, fast-imaging characterization of electrified jets, and process engineering. Once optimized, nanofibers will offer an effective, well-controllable and cheap material for building new, cavity-free random laser systems. These architectures will enable enhanced miniaturization and portability, and enormously reduced realization costs. Electrospun nanofibers will offer a unique combination of optical properties, tuneable topography and light scattering effectiveness, thus being an exceptional bench tool to realize such new low-cost lasers, which is the second project goal. The accomplishment of these ambitious but well-defined objectives will have a groundbreaking, interdisciplinary impact, from materials science to physics of fluid jets in strong elongational conditions, from process to device engineering. The project will set-up a new, internationally-leading laboratory on polymer processing, making a decisive contribution to the establishment of scientific independence.

Keywords: polymer nanofibers,organic random lasers,low-cost devices,electrospinning
Specialisable, Programmable, Efficient and Robust Microprocessors (SPEAR)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Computer science and informatics
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111012, 2012)
Start date: 2012-09-01
End date: 2018-11-30
Duration (months): 75.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1271216.0
EU funding (EUR): 1271216.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The development of faster, cheaper and smaller transistors has been the driving force behind the exponential growth in computing power over the past 50 years. While our ability to fabricate better transistors has not yet ceased, continuing to translate these advances into better system-level performance is now a major challenge. This proposal seeks to research a new approach to building programmable digital systems, one that can offer the efficiency, robustness and flexibility required as we approach the end of the CMOS era and start to introduce new post-CMOS technologies. The ideas are centred upon a novel network-centric multiprocessor architecture, with contributions planned at every level from the circuit to the language level.

Keywords: multicore,chip multiprocessor,on-chip interconnection networks
The first stars and galaxies (FIRST)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Universe sciences
Countries involved: Italy
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111012, 2012)
Start date: 2012-10-01
End date: 2017-09-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 882807.6
EU funding (EUR): 882807.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The FIRST proposal has the goal of investigating the nature and properties of the first stars and galaxies. The project will exploit synergies between observational cosmology, galaxy formation and stellar evolution. Observations made using large ground-based and space-borne telescopes have probed cosmic history all the way from the present-day to ~ 700 million years after the Big Bang. Earlier on lies the remaining frontier, where the first stars and galaxies formed. Data collected in the last decade have revealed that the Universe at redshift ~ 7-8 is already mature, with galaxies and quasars already formed, many with metal-rich and dust-rich signatures of even earlier generations of stars. Despite these remarkable progresses, the nature of the first stars and black holes, and the impact they had on their environment and on the properties of the first galaxies and quasars remain largely unknown. The proposed research program aims to address two main scientific objectives: (1) Understand the evolution of the first metals and dust and their role in setting the characteristic masses of stars and seed black holes; (2) Assess the properties of the first galaxies and quasars. These goals will be addressed following an interdisciplinary approach which involves theoretical models of stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis, semi-analytical and numerical models of galaxy evolution, and detailed comparison with observational data from surveys at low and high redshifts. New numerical techniques will be developed, with potential applications that go beyond the primary goals of FIRST. The results will provide new insights on the nature of the first stars and galaxies and will be of important guidance for interpreting data from ongoing surveys (HST, Spitzer, IRAM, ALMA) and for the preparation of key programs with future large telescopes (ELT, JWST).

Keywords: first stars,metal enrichment,dust
Understanding the Origin of Cosmic Structure (COSMICDAWN)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Universe sciences
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111012, 2012)
Start date: 2013-01-01
End date: 2018-12-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1493066.0
EU funding (EUR): 1493066.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The early universe is a “laboratory” for testing physics at very high energies, up to a trillion times greater than the energies reached by the Large Hadron Collider. The origin of structure in the universe is deeply tied to this extreme physics, which is imprinted in the primordial ripples seen in the cosmic microwave background (CMB). CMB data have thus far led the way in constraining early universe physics, and ESA’s Planck satellite is currently mapping the CMB at the highest precision ever achieved. However, next generation galaxy surveys – such as the Dark Energy Survey (DES), starting next year – will rival the CMB in their ability to unlock the secrets of the primordial universe. I will use the Planck and DES data to rigorously test the theory of inflation, the dominant paradigm for the origin of cosmic structure, and to seek signatures of new physics that are likely to exist at these unexplored energies. I have already played a leading role in bringing theory and robust data analysis together to understand the very early universe. This proposal aims, for the first time, to go beyond simply testing generic predictions of the inflationary paradigm, to gain a fundamental understanding of the physics responsible for the origin of cosmic structure. The keys to achieving this goal are: theoretical modelling at the cutting edge of fundamental physics (describing not just the inflationary period but also pre- and post-inflationary physics); advanced Bayesian and wavelet methods to extract reliable information from the data; a deep understanding of data limitations and control of systematics. The project will produce definitive results at the interface of cosmology and high energy physics, defining the frontiers of these fields well beyond the lifetimes of the surveys themselves.

Keywords: early universe physics,inflation
Strain Localisation in Magma (SLIM)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Earth system science
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111012, 2012)
Start date: 2012-10-01
End date: 2018-06-30
Duration (months): 69.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1908000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1908000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The tendency of geomaterials to localise deformation is a measure of “the fragility of the Earth” – a threshold to the occurrence of geological hazards. At volcanoes, the remarkable, unpredictable and alarming occurrence of eruptions, switching from low-risk effusive to high-risk explosive eruptive behaviour is a direct consequence of strain localisation in magma (SLiM). A deformation mechanism map of magma subjected to strain localisation will allow numerical models with higher accuracy, which, coupled to an understanding of the mechanics driving the monitored geophysical signals precursor to failure, will enhance eruption forecasts. We propose a truly innovative and interdisciplinary approach to a description of SLiM. This collaborative study will pioneer in the integration of efforts from field geologists, experimentalist, mineralogists, petrologists, seismologists, and numerical modellers to underline the effects of microscopic processes responsible for the large-scale impacts of strain localisation in magma during transport and eruption.

Keywords: magma rheology,eruptions,volcanic hazard