Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Investigating a role for the plant hormone, auxin, in coordinating dorsiventral boundary establishment during organogenesis in the model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana (PLANT-DEVELOPMENT)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IIF, 2009)
Start date: 2010-06-07
End date: 2012-06-06
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 163661.0
EU funding (EUR): 163661.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The objective of this project is to understand what controls outgrowth along the margins of leaves and other plant lateral organs. There is evidence that blade outgrowth requires two conditions. One is the establishment of a genetic boundary between the upper (dorsal) and lower (ventral) sides of the leaf organ, which relies on the combined action of polarity genes. The other is the accumulation of the growth promoting phytohormone, auxin. This proposal describes a novel approach to study the expression of relevant genes in living plants in real time, using the model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. This strategy will allow us not only to follow the fate of individual cells and tissues but also to map the expression of several genes simultaneously. By combining this sophisticated live imaging approach with novel genetic perturbation strategies this study will allow us to gain new insights into one of the fundamental processes of plant growth. Specifically, this proposal will reveal how plants coordinate two key patterning mechanisms during dorsiventral boundary establishment.

Keywords: developmental plant biology,auxin,polarity,meristem,confocal live imaging
Manipulation of host target by the AvrBlb2 effector of the late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans (AVRBLB2-CPT)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, 2009)
Start date: 2010-04-01
End date: 2012-03-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 171740.8
EU funding (EUR): 171740.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans is a major threat for potato and tomato crops. It was responsible for the Irish Potato Famine in the mid 1840’s and continues to cause dramatic losses nowadays. This oomycete spreads rapidly and shows remarkable adaptability in overcoming plant defenses. To establish its biotrophic life style, P. infestans secretes proteins called effectors that function in the apoplast or in the cytoplasm of the plant cell. AvrBlb2 belongs to the RxLR class of P. infestans effectors that are translocated inside the host cell and are hypothesized to reprogram cellular processes. The AvrBlb2 family of effectors is recognized by RpiBlb2 resistance proteins from potato and render the pathogen avirulent. We recently conducted a co-immunoprecipitation approach to identify plant targets of AvrBlb2 effector. Our preliminary data indicate that transient silencing of one Candidate Plant Target (CPT) causes enhanced susceptibility. Our proposed research aims at understanding the role CPT plays in plant defense and how AvrBlb2 alters CPT to suppress plant resistance mechanisms. We will analyze tobacco CPT transgenic plants and modulate CPT expression in plants carrying the Rpiblb2 resistance gene to test the role of this protein in defense toward P. infestans. We will conduct a structural analysis of CPT, with and without the presence of AvrBlb2, to complement the structural analysis of the AvrBlb2 protein that has been initiated in our lab. These data will serve to elucidate how AvrBlb2 interacts with and alters CPT. Finally targeted mutagenesis approach on the CPT protein will be used to test the proposed mechanisms of action. This project is expected to lead to the first report of a virulence function for a eukaryotic plant pathogen effector with a specific target. In addition, knowledge of the host targets of pathogen effectors will create new opportunities for durable disease resistance engineering in cultivated plants.

Keywords: fungal diseases of plants,proteomics,phytophthora,effector,perception mechanism,plant defence,resistance
Epigenetic regulation of the adaptative response of C.reinhardtii to development and environmental stresses:Characterization of .Histone PTMS,gene regulation and pathways employing a Systems Biology. (EPISYSBIOL)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Austria
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, 2009)
Start date: 2010-08-10
End date: 2012-08-09
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 163622.8
EU funding (EUR): 163622.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Reversible modifications of DNA sequence and histones serve as a fast and accurate process to regulate gene expression. These mechanisms act specifically and co-ordinately, constituting what is called the epigenetic code, and influence a multitude of cellular processes including, besides the regulation of the transcription, differentiation, DNA replication, repair or imprinting, among others. Aided by the use of multidisciplinary combination of new technologies such as epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and bioinformatics “EpiSysBiol” is expected to precisely identify the epigenetic changes and the variations in the proteome and metabolome that may regulate upon stress conditions and developmental processes in Chlamydomonas. Growth and stress processes mediate the formation of lipidic bodies and biomass in this specie, considered to be the third generation biofuel productor and CO2 trap. Research and training in –omics technologies are expected to stimulate European competitiveness in resolution of epigenetics and systems biology with significant scientific impacts and will help the implementation of Chlamydomonas in European climate change prevention strategies. Therefore “EpiSysBiol” is introducing EU prioritary research directions and topics, to improve the quality of European research in molecular and systems biology, to provide advanced expertise in epigenomics and to carry out interdisciplinary technical developments important not only for plant sciences but also for life sciences and for entire society.

Keywords: computational biology,genomics,proteomics,plant biochemistry,plant physiology,carbon dioxide capture,storage,disposal (climate change),algology,environmental genomics
Interference Management Techniques for MultiCell Wireless Networks (INTERCELL)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, 2009)
Start date: 2010-11-01
End date: 2012-10-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 223547.2
EU funding (EUR): 223547.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Future wireless communication systems should provide a wide range of services at a reasonable cost and sufficient quality of services (QoS), comparable to wireline technologies. In order to satisfy these requirements, the spectral efficient wireless cellular networks can be designed by reducing the frequency reuse factor to unity. However, it is well known that aggressive channel reuse generates intolerable intercell interference (ICI) and affects the overall network performance. The development of methods that handle the tradeoff between the spectral efficiency and ICI is still an open problem. For this purpose, the management techniques for cellular networks beyond the existing/traditional ones should be developed by taking into account the effect of ICI. The interference can be exploited to improve the reliability/spectral efficiency with cooperation between base-stations and/or users through backhaul and feedback links. The objective of this project is to study the performance of future wireless networks exploiting cooperation between the cells in a realistic environment by using both analysis and evaluations through practical scenarios. Apart from the traditional cellular arrangements, we will focus on interference management strategies including distributed implementation of the precoding algorithms; combination with radio resource management issues to manage users’ satisfaction having different QoS and design feedback strategies to establish cooperation/coordination between base-stations and/or users. The project addresses the development of interference management strategies and intercell scheduling/allocation techniques to improve the cell throughput by employing capacity constraint backhaul link. The impact of channel estimation uncertainties, and synchronization issues will be studied and multicarrier transmission with MIMO will be discussed in both moderate and higher mobility applications.

Keywords: telecommunications engineering,terrestrial mobile technology,broadband technology
Intercalated Graphene Carbon Nanotubes for Heterogeneous Catalysis (GRAPH-CNTS-CAT)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, 2009)
Start date: 2010-11-15
End date: 2011-11-14
Duration (months): 12.0
Total project cost (EUR): 82124.4
EU funding (EUR): 82124.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The objective of this proposal is the synthesis of a new type of carbon-based catalyst for application in heterogeneous catalysis: defect free graphene as well as graphene oxide will be produced and sandwiched with carbon nanotubes through layer-by-layer deposition and intercalation chemistry to yield novel pillared carbon nanotube-graphene structures. Using intercalation chemistry metal atoms and ions will be inserted into their pores to achieve high catalytic turnover and selectivity towards a substrate could lead to an innovative “green” technology for pollution control. These materials will be characterized by Raman and XPS spectroscopies. Structural/morphological studies will allow investigations from the long range (XRD) to the short range (SEM, TEM) and thus the study the pillared carbon nanotube-graphene structures on different scale lengths, from meso- to nano-scale, before and after metal intercalation. Their catalytic activity will be evaluated using simple hydrogenation reactions of olefins in gas and liquid phases. The fellow will enlarge her experience on materials in environmental physical chemistry. She will built on her work with natural oxides and clays, which involved (a)synthesis and characterization of materials (b)study of surface/interfacial physicochemical properties and (c)catalysis. In a multidisciplinary training based on a state-of -the art infrastructure and guided by a world specialist in carbon materials, she will acquire new knowledge on physical deposition and characterization techniques. She will strengthen her soft skills by training in project management, presentation techniques, grant writing and IP issues. By being inserted in the broad international network of collaborations of her host group she will be able to build up her own future set of connections. All together this project will give the fellow all the tools for fulfilling her dream of a successful independent future career in academic research.

Keywords: graphene,carbon nanotubes,heterogeneous catalysis,intercaletion,carbon material
Linking substrate consumption to consumer identity in carbon-cycling microbes inhabiting anoxic marine sediments (SUBSTRATE USE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Denmark
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, 2009)
Start date: 2011-01-01
End date: 2012-12-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 218241.0
EU funding (EUR): 218241.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Much of the organic matter produced on land and in aquatic systems is eventually deposited at the seafloor, making marine sediments the largest organic carbon sink on Earth. Predominantly, this organic matter is either remineralized to CO2 via biological activity or preserved over geologic time scales. A substantial fraction of remineralization is carried out by microbes that live below the sediment surface in the absence of O2. To date, these anaerobic microbes remain largely uncharacterized. A detailed knowledge of these microbes and their activities is, however, essential to understanding the role of marine sediments in the global carbon cycle and in regulating ocean chemistry, atmospheric gas composition, and ultimately Earth’s climate. In the following project, I propose to investigate the fate of several common low-molecular weight carbon compounds (formate, acetate, lactate, methanol, methyl chloride) in anaerobic marine sediments from three different locations, Aarhus Bay off of Jutland (Denmark), the Guaymas Basin off of Baja California (Mexico), and the Bering Sea off of Alaska (USA). By inoculating sediments with media containing single substrates or mixtures of substrates, I will select for growth of microbes specialized to use single substrates and ones adapted to use several substrates simultaneously. The three metabolic groups I will select for are sulfate reducers, methanogens, and acetogens, all three of which are key players in organic matter remineralization in anoxic marine sediments. Substrate consumption will be linked to consumer identity by supplying substrates in 13C-labeled form and by monitoring substrate uptake and incorporation into biomass via stable-isotope probing (SIP). This project would allow me to after 12 years abroad transfer state-of-the-art knowledge from leading laboratories in the USA and Japan to the EU, and carry out an important and unpreceded research project on the global carbon cycle.

Keywords: natural sciences,microbial ecology,marine sediments,anaerobic,microbial carbon cycling,sulfate reducers,methanogens,acetogens,sip,volatile fatty acids,methanol,methyl chloride
Between Contestation and Cooptation: the Participation of Civil Society Organisations to the European Union Integration Process (EUROCIVILSOCIETY)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Italy
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, 2009)
Start date: 2011-01-10
End date: 2013-01-09
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 221553.2
EU funding (EUR): 221553.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The aim of this project is to analyse the various modes of contribution of civil society organisations in the process of integration within the EU. My intention is to understand why and how certain groups are recognised as legitimate actors, whereas others are limited to alternative fields of action, in both national and transnational environments. My hypothesis is that the institutional forms of civil society consultation that the EU has initiated, and the much stronger reactions of protest that the EU provokes, are two sides of a single reality. This requires me to consider the interrelations that are at work, both in national and European terms, in the emergence of European civil society. My general research objective is related to various aspects: I) Building a cartography and a complete sociology of “organised European civil society groups”; II) Analysing the protests originating from “transnational civil society”. The European Social Forum can be seen as crystallising moments of this phenomenon; III) Studying the ways civil society is becoming Europeanised, with special attention to civic and social interests. The intention is therefore to establish whether or not the building of Europe is compatible with balanced representation of interests; in other words, does it follow an oligarchic process serving the specific interests of hegemonic minorities, often denounced in economic terms, or is it actually conducive to pluralist expression of a host of causes or interests? One of the main originality of the project is the decompartmentalisation of analyses of interest groups and social movements, since both are essential to an understanding of the relationships between CSOs in European and national terms. Several data-collection techniques are used in this research: quantitative standardized survey, network analysis, semi-structured interviews and lengthy personal interviews, documents from organisations, and systematic consultation of secondary sources.

Keywords: civil society,social movements,interest groups,democracy,european governance,european union
Quantitative dynamic analysis of homologous chromosome segregation and its coordination with the asymmetric meiotic division in live mouse oocytes. (OOCYTE ASYMMETRY)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, 2009)
Start date: 2010-04-01
End date: 2012-03-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 161161.0
EU funding (EUR): 161161.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Cell division is a fundamental biological process: faithful chromosome segregation is important to maintain genome stability. The first meiotic division is a unique type of chromosome segregation for two main reasons. First, it segregates homologous chromosome pairs rather than sister chromatids, as it occurs in mitosis. Second, the chromosomes are segregated only when the meiotic spindle has been positioned at the cortex of the oocyte. This division is extremely asymmetric to preserve the stored nutrients for the early embryo. Errors in segregation of chromosomes during meiotic divisions can result in the generation of aneuploid embryos such as Down syndrome. As in mitosis, chromosome missegregation during meiotic division is prevented by the spindle assembly checkpoint that monitors correct attachment to microtubules until chromosomes are bioriented. However, the spatio-temporal coordination between chromosome segregation and spindle positioning is poorly understood. The aim of my project, in Dr. Ellenberg’s group, is to characterize cellular and molecular mechanisms that coordinate accurate chromosome segregation with spindle relocation. First, I will characterize the functional dynamics of chromosome segregation in coordination with the spindle relocation by real time imaging in live mouse oocytes. Second, I will use these imaging assays to investigate its mechanism by perturbation of candidate gene function as well as interfering with cellular components with small molecule inhibitors. Dr. Ellenberg’s group is part of EMBL, a dynamic and stimulating international institute, which offers great potential for interdisciplinary collaborations and training. In this project, I will be able to use my skills concerning mouse oocytes, and at the same time, acquire new expertise in advanced imaging and computerized image processing. I deem this a unique opportunity to address key questions of mouse oocyte research and to further broaden my career as a scientist.

Keywords: health sciences,natural sciences,technological sciences
Omental iNKT cells as an Immunological Tools in Obesity and Cancer (INKT CELLS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Ireland
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IOF, 2009)
Start date: 2010-08-01
End date: 2013-07-31
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 251921.7
EU funding (EUR): 251921.7
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells play crucial roles in protection against cancer in murine models. We have described large populations of iNKT cells in the human omentum, which until now were thought to be rare in humans. Omental iNKT cells display potent cytotoxicity against autologous tumors in vitro however, in patients with obesity and cancer, iNKT cells are depleted. This fellowship seeks to answer many questions which have remained elusive since the discovery of iNKT cells 15 years ago, such as what is their physiological role in humans, why do they accumulate in fat, and what is the natural lipid ligand for these cells. We will study omental iNKT cells and omental lipids in human and murine fat and investigate their role in obesity and cancer using in vivo and in vitro techniques, interventional studies and genetically defined specific gene-deleted animals. In addition, I hypothesise a completely novel function for iNKT cells in the prevention of obesity related chronic inflammation and metabolic disorders. Our research may lead to the discovery of novel immunotherapeutics for the treatment of malignancy and certain obesity-related complications.

Keywords: immunology,inkt cells,omentum,obesity,cancer