Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Transformation optics: cloaking, perfect imaging and horizons (TRANSFORM OPTICS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Fundamental constituents of matter
Countries involved: Israel,Austria
Call:  (ERC-2012-ADG_20120216, 2012)
Start date: 2013-03-01
End date: 2018-02-28
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2495399.0
EU funding (EUR): 2495399.0
Participants: 3
Project status: CLOSED

Transformation optics grew out of ideas for invisibility cloaking devices and exploits connections between electromagnetism in media and in geometries. Invisibility has turned from fiction into science since 2006, but is far from being practical yet. Advances in the theory of transformation optical are the key for bringing invisibility closer to practicality. Probably the most important practical application of connections between media and geometries is perfect imaging, the ability to optically transfer images with a resolution not limited by the wavelength. This is because imaging lies at the heart of photolithography, the key technology used for making electronic chips. On the other hand, probably the intellectually most important application of connections between media and geometries lies in the quantum physics of the event horizon, which, for the first time, could be studied in the laboratory. The objective of this proposal is to make significant breakthroughs in (1) moving cloaking from frontier research closer to practicality, (2) turning perfect imaging into a viable technology and (3) demonstrating the quantum physics of the event horizon in the laboratory. This project is at the cutting edge of a global communal effort in the research of metamaterials. The overarching theme of the project is to make abstract and seemingly fantastic ideas practical, by combining ideas from geometry and general relativity with the latest advances in optical metamaterials and integrated and ultrafast photonics.

Keywords: transformation optics,metamaterials,cloaking,perfect imaging,analogue gravity
European Clusters for Offshore Wind Servicing (ECOWINDS)

Framework: FP7 — Capacities
Programme: Regions of Knowledge
Destination: Transnational cooperation between regional research-driven clusters
Action type: Coordination and support actions
Countries involved: Denmark,Denmark,United Kingdom,Germany,Norway,United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-REGIONS-2012-2013-1, 2012)
Start date: 2012-11-01
End date: 2015-10-31
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2032173.0
EU funding (EUR): 1757713.0
Participants: 7
Project status: CLOSED

The European Clusters for Offshore Wind Servicing (ECOWindS) project builds on existing network within offshore wind energy to establish cluster cooperation in Offshore Wind Servicing (OWS) encompassing the industrial processes; assembly and installation of offshore wind turbines and operation and maintenance of wind turbines offshore. ECOWindS is a collaboration between research-driven clusters from South Denmark, East of England, North-West Germany and Møre, Norway , are- regions that are absolute hotspots for the world’s offshore wind industry. While the regions are characterised by complementary strengths and potential, they all face common challenges and bottle-necks that could best be dealt with within a cross-regional collaborative framework. The objective of the project is to develop and integrate regional OWS research agendas and smart specialisation strategies in a Joint Action Plan, enabling intensified intra- and interregional research and innovation-driven cooperation to ensure a more focused and efficient use of regional, national and EU Structural and RTD funds. Special will be devoted to how to better develop, include and utilize the competencies and knowledge of SMEs into innovation processes within the OWS sector. The ECOWINDS project runs through three successive and partly overlapping phases: (1) Analysis and integration of research agendas of actors in regional clusters; (2) Initiatives to improve integration: definition of a Joint Action Plan, including an International Cooperation Strategy and a Smart Specialisation Toolkit; (3) Measures towards the implementation of the Joint Action Plan. The implementation of ECOWindS and the exploitation of the results will foster smart, sustainable regional growth and job creation by contributing to drive down cost of energy from existing offshore wind farms and to half the cost of energy from new installations on comparable sites before 2020.

Keywords: offshore wind,assembly,installation,operation,maintenance,research,innovation,cost of energy,smart specialisation,joint action plan,research-driven clusters
Mathematical Thermodynamics of Fluids (MATHEF)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Mathematical foundations
Countries involved: Czechia
Call:  (ERC-2012-ADG_20120216, 2012)
Start date: 2013-05-01
End date: 2018-04-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 726320.0
EU funding (EUR): 726320.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The main goal of the present research proposal is to build up a general mathematical theory describing the motion of a compressible, viscous, and heat conductive fluid. Our approach is based on the concept of generalized (weak) solutions satisfying the basic physical principles of balance of mass, momentum, and energy. The energy balance is expressed in terms of a variant of entropy inequality supplemented with an integral identity for the total energy balance. We propose to identify a class of suitable weak solutions, where admissibility is based on a direct application of the principle of maximal entropy production compatible with Second law of thermodynamics. Stability of the solution family will be investigated by the method of relative entropies constructed on the basis of certain thermodynamics potentials as ballistic free energy. The new solution framework will be applied to multiscale problems, where several characteristic scales become small or extremely large. We focus on mutual interaction of scales during this process and identify the asymptotic behavior of the quantities that are filtered out in the singular limits. We also propose to study the influence of the geometry of the underlying physical space that may change in the course of the limit process. In particular, problems arising in homogenization and optimal shape design in combination with various singular limits are taken into account. The abstract approximate scheme used in the existence theory will be adapted in order to develop adequate numerical methods. We study stability and convergence of these methods using the tools developed in the abstract part, in particular, the relative entropies.

Keywords: navier-stokes-fourier system,weak solution,thermodynamics of viscous fluids
Mapping European Competitiveness (MAPCOMPETE)

Framework: FP7 — Cooperation
Programme: Socio-economic sciences and Humanities
Destination: Socio-economic and scientific indicators
Action type: Coordination and support actions
Countries involved: Hungary,Belgium,Italy,Germany,France
Call:  (FP7-SSH-2012-2, 2012)
Start date: 2013-02-01
End date: 2015-05-31
Duration (months): 28.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1424882.4
EU funding (EUR): 1275717.0
Participants: 6
Project status: CLOSED

“Mapping European Competitiveness” (MAPCOMPETE) is a FP7 proposal by six European research centers to provide an assessment of data opportunities and requirements for the analysis of comparative competitiveness in European countries. Partners of the project are Brussels based think tank Bruegel, Budapest based research center CERS-HAS (coordinator), Milan research center LdA, Paris School of Economics and Sciences-Po in Paris, and Tübingen research institute IAW. Associate partners are the OECD, the ECB and several central banks in Europe. Competitiveness is at the heart of policy making at the Union level and specifically within the Eurogroup. Definition of new country-level competitiveness indicators is an essential task. The aim of this project is to provide a thorough assessment of data opportunities and requirements for the analysis of comparative competitiveness in European countries. Work will examine how to interconnect different approaches to research and policy making in this field at the macro, sectoral and micro-level and consequently map data availability and needs. It will come up with proposals for enhancing standards and consistency of data, with the aim of improving future comparative work on competitiveness. It will analyze data requirement and suggest collection methods for selected topics such global value chains, trade and performance as well as pricing and quality. Researchers in the team are and have been working on the analytics of how to combine macro and micro approaches on the study of competitiveness. Taking stock from these two sets of activities, researchers will be in the ideal position for mapping data opportunities and requirements in this field. The team includes some of the most prominent researchers in the field, who have also been involved with leading roles in carrying out the first European survey on the international activities of firms (www.EFIGE.org).

Keywords: data mapping,matchability and consistency,competitiveness indicators,micro-data collection,macro-aggregate assessment
Mobilizing institutional reforms for better R&I systems/institutions in Europe (MIRRIS)

Framework: FP7 — Cooperation
Programme: Socio-economic sciences and Humanities
Destination: Growth, employment and competitiveness in a knowledge society
Action type: Coordination and support actions
Countries involved: Italy,Belgium,United Kingdom,Luxembourg,Denmark,Poland,Austria
Call:  (FP7-SSH-2012-2, 2012)
Start date: 2013-07-01
End date: 2016-06-30
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1674372.54
EU funding (EUR): 1496215.48
Participants: 13
Project status: CLOSED

Research and innovation are vital elements of economic growth translated through an innovation eco-system, driven by a diverse mix of economic actors in an environment which supports flows of information between universities, businesses, researchers, consumers, investors, editors and policy makers. It is this interaction that creates the vital feedback loops that speed adaptation and creation in the innovation process which results in economic growth and prosperity. According to the economist Paul Romer and its growth theory, innovation is a matter of ingredients (natural, human capital and resources) and receipts (ideas of how such ingredients can be combined to increase value). In his theory, ingredients are less important than receipts (ideas). Therefore, in spite of the fact that no systems are the same (being territorially rooted they are affected by specific conditions, assets and constraints typical of the area concerned), neither the same recipe can be applied for success anywhere, there is a big opportunity to learn from others’ experiences and capture “ideas” which can be adapted to own environment. If “receipts” are the real engine for prosperity and development, the subject of this call lies in understanding the different structures within the research and innovation system enabling an efficient exploitation and engagement in the EU research and innovation area (which rules, regulations, arrangements are in place in different countries) and explore the conditions for a more favourable set up and mechanisms to be adopted for an institutional change thanks to a process of dialogue and mutual learning which involves the main stakeholders groups upon a multi-level approach.

Keywords: institutional reform,dialogue,mutual learning,key innovation stakeholders,r&i systems,policy learning,peer-to peer learning,awareness raising
Combating inequalities through innovative social practices of, and for, young people in cities across Europe (CITISPYCE)

Framework: FP7 — Cooperation
Programme: Socio-economic sciences and Humanities
Destination: Combining economic, social and environmental objectives in a European perspective
Action type: Collaborative project
Countries involved: United Kingdom,Spain,Germany,Sweden,Czechia,Poland,Italy,Netherlands,Bulgaria,Greece
Call:  (FP7-SSH-2012-2, 2012)
Start date: 2013-01-01
End date: 2015-12-31
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 3042746.0
EU funding (EUR): 2496684.0
Participants: 13
Project status: CLOSED

This project builds on research that shows the disproportionate impact of the economic crisis on young people across Europe, including excessively high rates of youth unemployment and threats to the social provision enjoyed by previous generations. This is compounded by the 'coming of age' of the descendants of recent migrant communities - who now form significant proportions of the young population in major European cities. They are Europeans in language, social habit and cultural repertoire, yet continue to face longstanding barriers as a result of membership of communities already marginalised from mainstream labour markets and wider civic life. The project brings together stakeholders from civil society experienced in practical policy-making and implementation with well-established academic researchers to: i) Map the changing demographic landscape of inequalities as seen in major cities in the EU today and the specific challenges facing young people disadvantaged by ethnic origin, cultural background, neighbourhood, family and educational and economic situation; ii) Review approaches of different levels of government to engaging with disadvantaged youth and addressing inequality concerning young people, including state approaches and 3rd sector actions for promoting economic activity and entry into the labour market and ensuring effective distribution of services and community-led initiatives to enhance economic chances and participation in civic life; iii) Uncover innovative strategies for navigating, surviving and overcoming inequalities that have emerged, and are emerging, among young people (16-24) in deprived parts of large cities through ethnographical research with young people themselves; iv) Examine the extent to which these strategies might be regarded as socially innovative, explore through a series of pilot projects how such strategies might be transferable across Europe and use the findings for reshaping policies at EU, national and local levels.

Keywords: social innovation,inequalities,youth,migrant communities,migration,deprivation,economic activity,labour market,participation,civil society social media,informal economy,culture
Polymerisation-induced self-assembly (PISA)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Materials and Synthesis
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2012-ADG_20120216, 2012)
Start date: 2013-02-01
End date: 2018-07-31
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2480300.0
EU funding (EUR): 2480300.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The efficient, reproducible synthesis of bespoke organic nanoparticles of controlled size, morphology and surface functionality in concentrated solution is widely regarded to be a formidable technical challenge. However, recent advances by the Principal Investigator (PI) suggest that this important problem can be addressed by polymerisation-induced self-assembly (PISA) directly in aqueous solution to form a range of diblock copolymer 'nano-objects'. The proposal combines three synergistic themes within the PI's group: (i) controlled-structure water-soluble polymers, (ii) living radical polymerisation and (iii) novel polymer colloids. More specifically, the PI will work closely with four post-doctoral scientists and a PhD student to design a series of diblock copolymer nanoparticles with either spherical, worm-like or vesicular morphologies under dispersion polymerisation conditions in either water, alcohol or n-alkanes. This exciting and timely fundamental research programme will produce world-leading scientific innovation. Moreover, the targeted nanoparticles will be evaluated for various potential applications, such as (i) intracellular delivery of various biomolecules (e.g. DNA, proteins, antibodies), (ii) readily sterilisable biocompatible hydrogels, (iii) bespoke Pickering emulsiifiers and foam stabilisers, (iv) tough nanocomposite monoliths, (v) new components for next-generation paints, (vi) novel boundary lubricants for high performance engine oils. Informal collaborations with four academic partners and four industrial companies will ensure that maximum scientific value and economic impact is extracted from this ambitious work programme. All research findings will be published in top-quality scientific journals and the PI will provide appropriate mentoring to inspire his research team to become the next generation of creative, productive scientists for the EC.
Two facets of viral RNA: mechanistic studies of transcription and replication by influenza-like viral polymerases and detection by the innate immune system (V-RNA)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Molecular and Structural Biology and Biochemistry
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (ERC-2012-ADG_20120314, 2012)
Start date: 2013-05-01
End date: 2018-04-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2371934.0
EU funding (EUR): 2371934.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

RNA viruses infect cells to replicate and repackage their genomes in progeny virions. In response, the cellular innate immune system detects viral RNA and triggers powerful anti-viral countermeasures. This proposal aims to elucidate atomic resolution molecular mechanisms associated with these conflicting interests, and will address the following questions: firstly, how do RNA polymerases of segmented, negative sense, single-stranded RNA viruses such as influenza and bunyaviruses transcribe and replicate viral RNA and secondly, how do RIG-I like helicases, intracellular, innate immune, pattern recognition receptors, selectively detect RNA only of viral origin, thus triggering interferon production and induction of the anti-viral state? A third, more exploratory part of the proposal will use proteomics analysis to identify all host factors that are bound to viral mRNAs in influenza virus infected cells. The interdisciplinary project will combine state-of-the-art structural biology with cell-based functional assays and global analysis. Results will advance fundamental understanding of polymerases and helicases, both complex RNA-dependent molecular machines, give new insight into the regulation of innate immune receptor activation and signalling, and shed new light on RNA metabolism in the perturbed environment of the infected cell. They will also impact virology and public health by bringing new knowledge on RNA virus-host interactions, virus evolution and inter-species transmission. More pragmatically the project will boost structure-based anti-viral drug development targeting serious and/or emerging human pathogens such as influenza A, which poses the perennial threat of a devastating pandemic, and the many disease causing bunyaviruses, which in a globally warming world could spread unpredictably. The V-RNA project thus forms a coherent whole covering important protagonists in the virus-versus-host-versus-virus molecular warfare centered around viral RNA.

Keywords: influenza virus,bunyavirus,rna polymerase,transcription,replication,antiviral drug design,virus-host cell interactions,rig-i like helicases,signalling,molecular machines.
Metabolic regulation of growth and body composition: key modulators of long-term health (META-GROWTH)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Diagnostic tools, therapies and public health
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (ERC-2012-ADG_20120314, 2012)
Start date: 2013-10-01
End date: 2018-09-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2491200.0
EU funding (EUR): 2491200.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Nutrient exposure during pregnancy and childhood strongly affects growth and induces persistent metabolic programming of lifelong health. Recent data show that obesity and related disorders are induced by both fast childhood weight gain, and by formula feeding that promotes higher weight gain than breastfeeding. Lower protein in infant formula at levels similar to breast milk normalizes early weight gain and reduces later obesity risk as much as 2.5fold. Optimizing growth through improved substrate supply is of major importance for health prevention, but information is lacking on key mediators, effects on body composition and mechanisms of action, e.g. epigenetic modification. We use innovative approaches to identify key substrates that may mediate growth and body composition in humans, e.g. branched chain amino acids, n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and others, and their epigenetic effects. We employ novel methods for high throughput targeted metabolomic and lipidomic profiling, genome-wide DNA methylation analysis, and state of the art bioinformatics. These powerful tools are applied to five well designed prospective cohort studies covering critical time periods from pregnancy to puberty. All cohorts offer precise phenotyping incl. body composition and are already or will be established. Comparative analyses across studies and populations provide added scientific value. We will identify which metabolic signals induce rapid weight gain and body fat deposition throughout childhood. We aim at identifying susceptible age periods, nutrient effects on epigenetic DNA methylation, and whether early metabolic exposures induce persistent or fluid metabolomic and epigenetic changes over time. The results should provide answers to key questions on the regulation of growth, with major benefit for scientific understanding, opportunities for future research, promotion of public health, nutrition recommendations, and development of improved food products.

Keywords: metabolomics,epigenetics,lipidomics,developmental origins of adult health