Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Signatures in Anthropological SOILs: Developments for the identification of activities associated with daily life (ANTHROSOIL)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-09-01
End date: 2014-08-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 209033.4
EU funding (EUR): 209033.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

If the human uses of soils are profoundly different, can these use histories be deduced from their chemical traces? Using the potential of organic biomarkers, AnthroSOIL will assess spatial organisation of prehistoric dwellings in order to recognise daily life activities through soil organic matter analysis. At the interface of archaeology and chemistry, the project aims to develop a new methodological approach for the organic analysis of palaeosoils. State-of-the-art methods and cutting edge technology in organic residue analysis will be assessed and used to characterise and to map the organic content of soil (elemental analysis, PyGC & ultrafast-GC, LC-MS/MS, GC-MS/MS, GC-c-IRMS, MALDI imaging, ZooMS, starch analysis).The project will investigate activity patterns within Stonehenge World Heritage site by an extensive study of the Late Neolithic settlement of Durrington Walls a short-lived but large village probably inhabited by the builders of Stonehenge. Durrington Walls present a unique opportunity to examine activities across one of Europe’s finest and most well excavated prehistoric sites. The project will benefit of a remarkable concentration of expertise at the University of York (UK), within BioArch, an inter-disciplinary research centre dedicated to work on biomolecular archaeology, an emerging European research strength. I will work in state-of-the art facilities with world-leading scientists in bioarchaeology for the joint development of archaeological soil studies. The broadening of my skills and perspectives through the combination of a broad range of analytical techniques in lipids, proteomic and stable isotopic to study prehistoric daily life, will place me in an excellent position to exploit new opportunities in biomolecular archaeology research and enhance my interdisciplinary career perspective.

Keywords: archaeology,prehistory,neolithic,archaeosciences,biomolecular archaeology,biochemistry,geochemistry,organic analysis,soils,daily life,dwelling,stonehenge
Functional roles of long noncoding RNAs in drought stress responses of Arabidopsis (GREENLINCS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IOF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-08-01
End date: 2015-07-31
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 372353.6
EU funding (EUR): 372353.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

In the coming decade declining water availability will exert increasing pressure on crop productivity worldwide. One of the solutions is to breed crop plants with enhanced drought tolerance. Whilst plant breeders are continuing to make progress in this direction, elucidation of the molecular basis of drought stress will help not only traditional breeding efforts but also formulate new transgenic strategies to produce plants with enhanced adaptability under conditions of water limitation. The traditional view that protein coding genes are the only regulatory elements in the genome has been challenged by the discovery of miRNA genes and more recently by the discovery of transcription units producing long intergenic non-coding (linc)RNAs. Recent work in yeast and mammals indicate that these lincRNAs play important roles in cell differentiation, organ development and responses to stress. Still, very little is known about plant lincRNAs. In this proposal we will use the model dicot plant, Arabidopsis, to investigate several novel molecular aspects of drought stress while providing the applicant advanced training in scientific and complementary skills to substantially enhance career development. We will first identify and characterize in detail lincRNAs whose expression levels are changed in response to drought. Preliminary results from Prof. Nam-Hai Chua’s lab (outgoing host) have uncovered more than a few hundred lincRNA genes that belong to this category and whose functions await discovery. This is a potential class of genes that may orchestrate drought responses by the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Manipulation of the expression levels of these candidate lincRNAs will uncover their possible functions and analysis of chromatin modifications and neighboring gene expression will provide insights into their epigenomic mode of action under drought stress, potentially providing new candidate genes for genetic engineering in crop plants.

Keywords: arabidopsis,long intergenic non-coding rnas,drought stress,reverse genetics,epigenetics,functional biology,genetically modified organisms,plant water relations,plant physiology(climate change)
Diagnostically Robust Ultrasound Video Transmission over Emerging Wireless Networks (DRIVEN)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-12-01
End date: 2014-11-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 200371.8
EU funding (EUR): 200371.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The objective of this project is to develop a unifying framework for the error-resilient communication of medical ultrasound video over emerging 3.5G and 4G wireless networks that is suitable for critically-needed clinical diagnosis. The goal is to develop new methods as well as integrate state-of-the-art methods in video coding, wireless networks, and medical video quality assessment into an adaptive, automated framework. The anticipated system will be validated in cardiovascular remote diagnosis applications. The system will be independently validated by at-least two clinical experts in the transmission of symptomatic atherosclerotic plaque ultrasound video (associated with critical stroke events) and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) that can cause life-threatening internal bleeding. In both cases, timely surgical intervention may be needed. The approach will establish how specific diagnostic decisions can be safely made based on transmitted medical video. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) causes nearly half of all deaths in Europe. The Medical Standing Committee of the European Science Foundation has recognized the development of new technologies for cardiovascular diseases as a target priority. Life saving surgery is needed for suspected, symptomatic atherosclerotic plaque ultrasound cases so as to prevent the possibility of a future stroke event. Similarly, aortic rupture due to AAA can lead to death. In both cases, timely interventions, especially for the elderly and patients with mobility problems will be supported by the proposed mobile-health (m-health) ultrasound video transmission system. Moreover, early diagnosis of patients at remote locations is expected to reduce patients’ risks to more general cardiovascular diseases.

Keywords: telemedicine,mobile-healthcare,3.5g,medical video transmission,video quality assessment,error resilience,fmo,h.264,h.265,ultrasound video,texture features analysis,wireless
STRUCTURAL BASIS OF SRNA-MEDIATED TRANSPOSITION REGULATION IN BACTERIA (HFQFOLD)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-03-01
End date: 2014-02-28
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 167390.4
EU funding (EUR): 167390.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

In bacteria, DNA transposons play a key role in transferring antibiotic resistance, which poses a major threat to human health. I want to understand how this transfer can be controlled. One of the regulatory pathways applied in vivo uses specific small RNAs (sRNAs) controlling translation of the transposase mRNA. This is achieved using the general bacterial RNA regulatory machinery, and is mediated by the small RNA chaperone, HFQ. HFQ is a highly conserved, SM-like protein that modifies the secondary and tertiary structure of sRNAs and mRNAs, supports RNA unfolding and annealing and thereby regulates mRNA translation. In addition, HFQ also recruits the RNA degradation machinery through interaction with the endonuclease RNaseE and the poly(A)-polymerase PAP-I. Now I aim to understand the mechanism of sRNA-mediated regulation of transposition and the general gene silencing process in bacteria, applying an integrated structural biology approach. Using fluorescence anisotropy, SPR, FRET, NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography, I will study the structural changes of Tn10 derived RNAs upon binding to HFQ, the structure of the ribonucleoprotein complexes involved and the dynamics of RNA-folding and annealing. Furthermore, to investigate the intimate link between sRNA based translation regulation and RNA degradation, I will also analyze how HFQ interacts with RNaseE and PAP-I, and how these interactions affect the function of these RNA processing factors. My study will not only reveal the mechanism of sRNA based regulation of transposition, but also provide insights into the general RNA chaperoning functions of HFQ and a comprehensive picture about the macromolecular complexes and dynamic events involved in sRNA mediated gene regulation. On the long term, I envision that down regulation of transposition may offer a way to inhibit the transmission of antibiotic resistances, which would be of greatest medical interest.

Keywords: integrated structural biology,srna,rna chaperone,gene silencing,transposon
The biophysical regulation of genome function and its role in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation (GENOMICDIFF)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-05-01
End date: 2014-04-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 200371.8
EU funding (EUR): 200371.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Little is known concerning the mechanisms through which mechanical stimuli are transduced into regulatory signals within the cell. Gene expression can be regulated through alterations in nuclear architecture, modulating genome function. Mechanical load induces both nuclear distortion and alterations in gene expression. One putative transduction mechanism involves changes in gene expression in response to alterations in nuclear architecture as a result of mechanical perturbation of the cell. Additionally, remodelling of the nucleus occurs during stem cell differentiation, altering nuclear stiffness, and potentially influences nuclear architecture mediated mechanoregulation of gene transcription. In this project, the candidate will utilise the expertise in mechanobiology and functional genomics available at the host institution to investigate the potential for the micro-mechanical environment to modulate MSC differentiation fate via changes in nuclear architecture. Accordingly, the candidate proposes an ambitious and innovative program of research to test the following hypotheses: 1. Mechanically-induced nuclear distortion causes alterations to the nuclear architecture and chromatin dynamics sufficient to alter gene transcription 2. Mechanically-induced differentiation can lead to inheritable changes in the epigenetic state of chromatin regulating mesenchymal stem cell fate commitment He will employ a multidisciplinary approach building on the strengths of the host institution. The studies will utilise human mesenchymal stem cells in conjunction with state-of-the-art techniques for the mechanical perturbation of cells, functional analysis of nuclear organisation, biomechanical analysis, and functional genomic analysis; which will act to maintain and enhance the candidate’s position at the forefront of advances in this newly emerging field of genomic mechanobiology.

Keywords: mechanobiology,mechanotransduction,nuclear architecture,genome function,epigenetics,adult mesenchymal stem cell,live cell imaging,3-d fish,mechanical perturbation
Addressing Privacy Challenges in Social Media (SOCIALPRIVACY)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom,France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IOF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-09-01
End date: 2015-08-31
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 268555.2
EU funding (EUR): 268555.2
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

Social media offers many benefits, helping people stay in touch, reconnecting long-lost friends and creating new friendships. However, it also raises serious challenges with respect to privacy. The value of Facebook lies not in the site itself but rather in the information held in its database. Yet few users understand the worth of their own data nor the potential risks of disclosing it. In exchange for seemingly ‘free’ services, they provide personal information to the host site and unknown third parties, which can lead to disastrous consequences including ridicule, robbery, fines and incarceration. Although users’ right to privacy has long been protected, the rapid adoption of social media has surpassed society’s ability to effectively regulate it. Today’s users lack informed consent: they must make all-or-nothing decisions about on-line privacy regardless of context; they may not be able to opt out; and even if they do, their personal information is often available through other sources over which they have no control. The Social Privacy project will first diagnose the problem, exploring privacy issues associated with social media at the level of the individual, the enterprise and society, and then generate effective solutions, from providing users with technical safeguards and informed consent, to establishing corporate guidelines for protecting privacy, to developing and testing recommendations for public policy. This requires a multi-disciplinary approach with social and computer science methods to gather and interpret data, combined with expertise in cyber law to create effective guidelines and technical solutions. A key outcome will be a resource website with educational material and self-testing tools for users, voluntary guidelines for industry and policy recommendations for law-makers. Social Privacy’s research will offer a more solid foundation for safeguarding on-line privacy in social media networks.

Keywords: human computer interaction,digital content,on-line information services
Roles of genetics and environmental variability in animal population resilience: empirical testing in a changing world (DISPERSEADAPTSURVIVE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF, 2011)
Start date: 2012-05-01
End date: 2015-02-23
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 201932.4
EU funding (EUR): 201932.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Current climate change is threatening biodiversity more than ever due to the speed at which climate variables are shifting. Coupled with omnipresent land-use change, they are the two factors considered as the most important threats to terrestrial biodiversity. Very little is known of the respective joint contributions of climate change and habitat heterogeneity on the genetic make-up of natural vertebrate populations, which ultimately act on gene flow, genetic structure, and evolutionary adaptation simultaneously. The aim of this project is to determine the respective roles of climate variation and habitat heterogeneity as key factors modulating (i) population genetic diversity and levels of gene flow across populations, and (ii) response to natural selection on key life history traits using contrasted but complementary analytical methods in a wild passerine bird. This proposal will use a unique long-term study of several natural populations of blue tits Cyanistes caeruleus breeding in a mosaic of highly heterogeneous environments and monitored in Southern France and Corsica for the past 35 years. I will use a combination of approaches drawn from distinct fields in biological sciences, such as Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), a Geographic Information System (GIS) and an analysis of climatic data. Coupled with a population and quantitative genetics approach, as well as statistical modelling using multi-state recapture models, I will generate an integrated picture of the interactions between environmental change (habitat and climatic) and genetic variability in wild, natural blue tit populations. Finally, and in collaboration with the Forest Biodiversity department of the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organisation, (iii) a meta-analytical approach will be taken to synthesise available evidence on the importance of gene flow and habitat connectivity vs. evolutionary adaptation as drivers of population resilience across taxa.

Keywords: natural sciences,ecology,evolution,blue tits,cyanistes caeruleus,climate change,resilience,genetic diversity,habitat fragmentation,adaptation,migration
Constructing and Representing the Past in the Ottoman Royal Atelier: A Synthetic Treatment of Sixteenth-Century Historiography and Illustrated Manuscript Production (CORPORA)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Türkiye
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF, 2011)
Start date: 2013-12-01
End date: 2017-07-06
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 183208.0
EU funding (EUR): 183208.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This project is a synthetic treatment of sixteenth-century Ottoman historiography and the production of illustrated manuscripts in the Ottoman royal atelier. It focuses on the drafting and editing stages of production, and the relations between patrons, historians and artists. Two sets of manuscripts will be examined in detail: (1) The corpus of the historian Nasuh-i Matraki from the 1520s-1550s and (2) manuscripts containing the narratives of Caucasian campaigns written in the 1580s and 1590s. In each case, questions of intended messages and readership/audience will be addressed with careful consideration of the final illustrated products against their drafts and the annotations on them. The production of illustrated histories will be further examined in social context with the help of archival documents. The project proposal includes extensive training of the researcher in handling Ottoman illustrated manuscripts and analyzing them in terms of physical qualities (paper, binding, ink etc) and artistic style.

Keywords: humanities,art history,ottoman,illustrated manuscripts,historiography
Robust developmental patterns generated by opposing gradients of mobile small RNAs. (SRNAGRAD)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Hungary
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IOF, 2011)
Start date: 2013-05-01
End date: 2016-07-04
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 253191.6
EU funding (EUR): 253191.6
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

Small RNAs are key regulatory molecules and it was recently shown that gradients formed by mobile small RNAs contribute significantly to developmental patterning. Organ polarity is an excellent model to study this newly recognized role of small RNAs. In developing leaves, dorsoventral determinants are expressed in robust and sharply defined domains on the upper (adaxial) or lower (abaxial) side of the leaf, resulting in stable positioning of the adaxial-abaxial boundary. This polar expression pattern is generated via two small RNAs which move intercellularly from their site of biogenesis and accumulate in opposing gradients across developing leaves, restricting the expression of adaxial and abaxial determinants to one side. The fact that these small RNAs generate discretely defined expression domains of their targets suggests a dose-dependent, perhaps morphogen-like read-out of small RNA gradients. Mathematical modeling supports such a scenario and predicts that small RNA gradients resulting from mobility are uniquely suited to generate sharply defined target gene expression boundaries. The experiments outlined in this proposal will test the mechanism of small RNA gradient read-out and the role these gradients play in sharpening target gene expression domains by examining target gene expression in plants where small RNA gradients were perturbed. In addition, I will test whether small RNA gradients provide robustness to leaf development by generating a stable adaxial-abaxial boundary by measuring variability in leaf parameters in plants with perturbed small RNA gradients under different stress conditions. I will test whether the two opposing small RNA gradients of the leaf are interconnected by investigating the regulation of small RNA production. Finally, I will address the question whether differential small RNA stability contributes to gradient formation by comparing small RNA half-lives in the adaxial and abaxial domains of the leaf.

Keywords: small rna,pattern formation,organ polarity,leaf development,small rna stability