Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Climate, Hydrology, and Alpine Glaciers (CHANGE)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Environment and Geosciences
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2017, 2017)
Start date: 2018-06-01
End date: 2020-05-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 183454.8
EU funding (EUR): 183454.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Global warming is clearly evidenced by receding glaciers and is largely threatening water supplies. Future glacier retreat in the European Alps, known as the »water towers« of Europe, will drastically affect the regional hydrology, since it is estimated that about 55-85% of summer glacier runoff will be lost by the end of the 21st century. Future water security is dependent on sustainable management of water resources, which is one of key policy challenges in the Alpine region. For developing policies that will ensure an optimal level of adaptation to climate change, it is essential to understand climate change impacts by delivering reliable, accurate and up-to-date data from a scientific community. In the light of this view, the main research objective is to make more accurate predictions of anticipated changes in glacier behaviour and runoff in the Alps that will not be relevant only to a scientific community, but also to policy-makers. This project will deliver new data about glacier response to a changing climate and its impact on meltwater runoff in the main glacierized Alpine catchments by applying state-of-the-art glaciological field techniques and glacio-hydrological modelling. The developments of the glacio-hydrological model will further provide the information on glacier runoff and complex pathways of meltwater over different lihologies including a variety of permeable and non-permeable substrates that represent the range of Alpine bedrock lithologies. Scientists from different, but complementary research fields will collaborate on the project by exchanging new knowledge and bringing their expertise on the state-of-the-art techniques. Apart from the scientific purpose, the project holds a clear strategy on dissemination, public engagement and exploitation with special focus on developing links and providing scientific advice for policy-makers.

Keywords: glaciers,european alps,climate change,runoff,modelling
BOTFIND: Finding Bots, Detect Harassing Automation, and Restoring Trust in Social Media Civic Engagement (BOTFIND)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Proof of concept grants
Action type: ERC actions
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call: ERC-Proof of Concept (ERC-2017-PoC, 2017)
Start date: 2017-08-01
End date: 2019-01-31
Duration (months): 18.0
Total project cost (EUR): 149921.0
EU funding (EUR): 149921.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Social media platforms have become tools for manipulating public opinion during elections. In particular, “bots” are algorithms that automate rapid, widespread interactions with citizens, often with deleterious effects on public knowledge of science, social inequality, and public policy options. Through the ERC COMPROP Consolidator award, researchers have demonstrated that even simple bots (i) effectively keep negative messages and fake news in circulation longer (ii) target journalists and civil society groups and (iii) operate with little oversight from social media firms. Such algorithms have negative consequences both for public trust in technology innovation and for the quality of public deliberation in Europe’s democracies. ERC researchers have been able to identify highly automated, politically-manipulative social media accounts post hoc. This project will allow researchers to take what we have learned and produce an online tool that allows people to evaluate suspicious social media accounts. Most social media platforms are slow to address troll and bot activity, so this innovative tool will put ERC research into public service in Europe—and around the world.

Keywords: algorithms,bots,social media,civic engagement,trustworthy computing,automation,computational propaganda
Machine learning and the physics of complex and disordered systems (COMPLEX ML)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Global Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Physics
Countries involved: Switzerland,United States
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2019, 2019)
Start date: 2020-09-01
End date: 2023-08-31
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 260840.64
EU funding (EUR): 260840.64
Participants: 2
Project status: TERMINATED

Machine learning (ML) has proven capable of tackling difficult engineering problems in image recognition and automated translation, but even more impressively in domains where traditional algorithmic approaches had struggled, such as game playing. Though the relations between ML and physics are decades old, it only recently attracted a widespread attention of scientists in many subfields of theoretical physics due to its ability to identify patterns in high-dimensional data, and to efficiently approximate complicated functional relationships. At the same time, the empirically oriented philosophy of ML is very different from that of fundamental sciences: a trained model often offers little insights into the qualitatively important aspects of the problem, how the solution was arrived at, what are the guarantees of correctness, and, crucially, how to generalize it. Bridging this conceptual gap is thus of fundamental importance, if ML is to become a powerful and controlled tool in physics research. This interdisciplinary projects aims to bring about successful development and application of ML methods resulting in qualitatively new insights in physics by following a twofold strategy. On the one hand, the performance and training of state-of-the-art ML algorithms will be improved using methods of complex and disordered systems. Specific problems targeted will include novel reinforcement learning schemes, and training of binary neural networks, with input from industrial R&D researchers. On the other, cutting edge ML techniques, particularly those with a strong underpinning in information theory, will be combined with modern computational physics methods to develop new tools for disordered systems. This is motivated by the possibility of using them to study soft materials, providing better understanding of these ubiquitous but complex systems.

Keywords: machine learning,disordered systems,renormalization group rg,soft materials
British workers emigrating to industrialising Europe, 1815-c.1870 (Labour and Migration)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Social Sciences and Humanities
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call: Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships (IF-EF) (H2020-MSCA-IF-2015, 2015)
Start date: 2016-09-01
End date: 2018-08-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 183454.8
EU funding (EUR): 183454.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

British workers emigrating to industrialising Europe, c. 1815-1870 Viewed from the perspective of 21st-century political debate, British labour and migration history is often noted for its insular tendencies. The rise of isolationist political parties and the broader antagonism to Europe expressed by many British commentators has produced a common vision of the British past as a period of secure national borders. This project fundamentally disrupts this understanding of British and European labour markets in the past. By examining the widely dispersed phenomenon of skilled labour migration from Britain to continental Europe in the nineteenth century, it allows us to understand the pre-history of European economic integration. Its focus is on the experiences of British migrant workers. The project will address their lives on the continent in the first phase of this migration. It will build upon an ongoing study of those who went to France and expand its analysis to the whole continent. What were the practicalities of these workers’ migration? Did they constitute isolated or instead relatively integrated communities? Why and how were some of them targeted by xenophobic riots, e.g. in 1848? What were their religious, cultural and associational lives? By addressing such questions, this project will not only deepen historical understanding of Europe’s past but also illuminate contemporary understandings of the place of Britain in Europe and that of migration in European economic well-being. This project will also lay foundations for historical analysis of later global economic phenomena. Many of the migrants studied in this research programme were also involved in the subsequent flows of (for example) some 10,000 British engineers across the globe between 1850 and 1914. These workers played a part in British imperial expansion, contributing not only to technical developments in the USA, Canada, Australia and South Africa, but also to some in large parts of Sout

Keywords: migration,labour,britain,europe,industrialisation
Laying the Biological, Computational and Architectural Foundations for Human Cell Lineage Discovery (LineageDiscovery)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Computer science and informatics
Panel description: Informatics and information systems, computer science, scientific computing, intelligent systems
Countries involved: Israel
Call: ERC Advanced Grant (ERC-2014-ADG, 2014)
Start date: 2015-09-01
End date: 2021-01-31
Duration (months): 65.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2250000.0
EU funding (EUR): 2250000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Within a decade, advances in single-cell genomics would allow humanity to embark on a coordinated international effort to discover the human cell lineage tree. The goal of LineageDiscovery is to lay the biological, computational and architectural foundations for this envisioned project and demonstrate its feasibility and value. An organismal cell lineage tree is a rooted, labelled binary tree where nodes represent organism cells, edges represent progeny relations and labels capture cell state. The tree of an adult human has about 100 trillion nodes. Many fundamental open questions in biology and medicine are about the structure, dynamics and variance of the human cell lineage tree in development, health, ageing and disease. E.g., which cancer cells give rise to metastases? Do beta cells renew? Which progeny do brain stem cells produce in development, maintenance and ageing? LineageDiscovery is based on a decade of research on this challenge by Shapiro’s lab and others. It will develop an efficient biological-computational cell lineage discovery workflow that starts with sampled cells and ends with knowledge of their cell lineage tree; and a scalable architecture for the collaborative development and the distributed deployment of this workflow. The workflow will be based on emerging single-cell technologies and will include novel algorithms to analyse single-cell data, to reconstruct cell lineage trees, and to infer ancestral cell type and state dynamics. A programmable meta-system will be developed and used for workflow optimization and evaluation. The workflow and architecture will be deployed and tested in a broad range of proof-of-concept human cell lineage discovery experiments with self-funded collaborators. Successful execution of this research plan coupled with expected advances in single-cell genomics would establish both the feasibility and the value of the envisioned large-scale human cell lineage discovery project, ideally leading to its launch.

Keywords: human cell lineage tree,whole organism science,single cell genomics,cell lineage reconstruction algorithms,bioinformatics and system biology
Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions - Beyond 2020 (MSCA 2018)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Action type: Coordination and support actions
Countries involved: Austria
Call: Presidency conference(s) (H2020-IBA-MSCA-Presidency-Conf-2017, 2017)
Start date: 2018-03-01
End date: 2018-12-31
Duration (months): 10.0
Total project cost (EUR): 237500.0
EU funding (EUR): 150000.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

The purpose of Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions / MSCA is to bring together organisations such as Universities, SMEs (small/medium enterprises), public and private (non-commercial) research centres, non-profit organisations etc. in order to train early-stage researchers in professional environments. MSCA • Encourage researchers to explore multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary avenues in responding to current and future challenges; • Enhance researchers’ career prospects and exposure to both academic and non-academic fields, through international and intersectoral mobility; • Convert knowledge and ideas into products and services for economic and social benefit; • Provide researchers with a set of transferrable skills for the purpose of innovation and long-term employability. Better preparation for work in business, industry and the public and private sectors, effectively moving away from the focus of research as being purely academically centred can be attained. MSCA celebrated their 20th anniversary in 2016. The past 20 years have shown how flexible these actions were adapted to current demands and needs of researchers and the research community. While the focus on the research theme and the project is prevailing the career development scheme has a strong meaning. The work programme for the last three years of Horizon 2020 and therefore MSCA was adopted; the next two years will be implemented as up to now. The third and last year will be depending on the discussions on the next Framework Programme and underline the expected transition period and therefore relevant projects helping to change from one scheme to the other. The draft of the next Framework Programme is expected to be released in May 2018 and will subsequently be one of the priorities during the Austrian Council Presidency. This gives the opportunity to discuss the draft and to gather input from different stakeholders relevant to the process and to the scientific and research community.

Keywords: international conference,austrian council presidency 2018,promotion of researchers,excellence,career development
Durable Infrastructure Materials Modified by self-assembled hollow nanostructured materials (DIMMs)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Information Science and Engineering
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2018, 2018)
Start date: 2021-01-01
End date: 2023-06-08
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 224933.76
EU funding (EUR): 224933.76
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

This Fellowship aims to train a professional researcher to become a leading EU based scholar in sustainable infrastructure area through a multidisciplinary project entitled as “Durable Infrastructure Materials Modified by self-assembled hollow nanostructured materials” (DIMMs). This interdisciplinary project is focused on using self-assembled hollow nanostructured materials to realize the microstructural aligning of both cement and asphalt concrete, thus improve their durability when exposed to the aggressive environment such as corrosion along with freeze/thaw attacks. Furthermore, an integrated model will be developed to describe the percolation process of the aggressive agents in cement and asphalt concrete by combining a microstructural analysis to illustrate the underpinning nano modification mechanisms. This project will shed a light on the microstructural control of infrastructure materials through nanotechnology, by developing the correlations between the microstructures and engineering properties of infrastructure materials in a various and aggressive service environments. The Fellow will be intensively trained in the multidisciplinary fields of chemical engineering, materials science, microstructural analysis and civil engineering. The Fellow’s professional skills will be significantly elevated in the project and intellectual property management, outreach and networking via an inter-sectoral training. The training will be provided by a multidisciplinary supervision team at the host – Aston University, two academic secondment institutions – University of Nottingham and TU Delft, and two industrial secondment partners Nynas Sweden and Nanoco UK. The international academic and research experience gained by the Fellow will also enrich EU's Research area in the fields of producing sustainable infrastructure materials through nanotechnology and bringing new ideas for development of the infrastructures with low energy consumption.

Keywords: concrete,asphalt,nanotechnology,durability,microstructure
Controlling forelimb actions through basal ganglia to brainstem signaling (StartAct)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Life Sciences
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2019, 2019)
Start date: 2021-09-01
End date: 2023-12-01
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 203149.44
EU funding (EUR): 203149.44
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Behavior arises through the combination of movements within distributed circuits. Most work in the past focused on high motor centers and executive circuits in the spinal cord, but how these systems are linked in order to function is poorly understood. The substantia nigra reticulata (SNR), a basal ganglia output, sends projections to the brainstem. Yet how the brainstem processes these inputs to control actions remains unknown. The Arber lab discovered that the parvocellular reticular formation (PCRt) of the mouse brainstem harbors neurons controlling forelimb behaviors including reaching. PCRt neurons receive inhibitory inputs from the SNR. Thus, the SNR-PCRt circuit is an excellent stepping stone for understanding the mechanisms behind self-initiated actions. I propose to investigate the impact of the SNR signaling on the activity of PCRt neurons when a mouse self-initiates forelimb reaching. I will characterize the anatomy and nature of SNR to PCRt connections to understand whether and how this architecture supports forelimb movement. I will combine a behavioral task designed to isolate the neuronal events around the triggering of a self-initiated action with loss- and gain of function perturbations to unravel the building blocks of self-initiated actions. Finally, I will use the task while monitoring the activity of specific SNR and PCRt neurons to understand how the different actors physically implement the operations for self-initiated actions. Together, my experiments will disclose the fine-scale machinery for initiating and controlling an action. This level of understanding is key for designing new therapies to help people impaired in self- initiating actions such in Parkinson’s disease. The fellowship will provide me with the unique opportunity to expand my expertise and establish the foundations of my future career as an independent group leader.

Keywords: systems neuroscience,action initiation,action control,brainstem,basal ganglia,forelimb movements,behavior,optogenetics
Plasmodesmata, Symplasmic pores for plant cell-to-cell communication (SymPore)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Synergy grants
Action type: ERC actions
Countries involved: Germany,Germany,Germany
Call: ERC Synergy Grant (ERC-2020-SyG, 2020)
Start date: 2021-04-01
End date: 2027-03-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 10582000.0
EU funding (EUR): 10582000.0
Participants: 3
Project status: SIGNED

During evolution of multicellularity, cells differentiated to become specialized and interdependent. Multicellular organisms invented channels for nutrient exchange and communication between cells. Plants uniquely developed plasmodesmata, complex cell-cell connections traversing the cell wall. Roles ascribed to plasmodesmata include selective transport of signals, ions, metabolites, RNAs and proteins. Due to technical hurdles, composition, structure and regulation of plasmodesmatal conductance remain enigmatic. Genetic approaches to study plasmodesmata were hampered by lethality or redundancy. Novel technologies now set the stage for resolving roles of plasmodesmata in transport and signaling in an interdisciplinary approach. We will use proximity labeling proteomics to obtain plasmodesmatal composition, and PAINT and cryo electron tomography (cryoET) for near atomic structures. Models of plasmodesmata will be built from bottom up and top down approaches and combined with quantitative assessment of plasmodesmatal activity. Novel biosensor approaches together with knock down by genome editing will permit quantitation of transport of the diverse cargo. Single cell sequencing helps fine-tuning mutant selection and targeting of subtypes. Four labs will join forces: highly recognized experts in biophysics and cryoET (WB), advanced imaging and developmental signaling (RS), high-end proteomics and lipidomics (WS), and interactomics, transporters and cutting-edge biosensor technology (WF). We will iteratively address: (1) systematic quantitative identification of components, (2) their localization and dynamics, (3) structures and molecular building blocks of diverse plasmodesmatal types, and (4) transport and signaling mechanisms. We expect breakthrough discoveries and completely new understanding of plasmodesmatal function and evolution. Since plasmodesmata play key roles in nutrient allocation and virus spread, we lay the basis for novel biotech solutions in agriculture.

Keywords: cryo electron tomography,protein interactions,imaging,microscopy,mass spectrometry,transport,modeling,biosensors,plant,moss,arabidopsis,plasmodesmata,genome editing,signaling,cytoplasmic bridges,pit plugs,development,physiology,evolution