Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Law and Language at the ECJ (LLECJ)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Institutions, values, beliefs and behaviour
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111124, 2012)
Start date: 2013-02-01
End date: 2019-04-30
Duration (months): 75.0
Total project cost (EUR): 993440.0
EU funding (EUR): 993440.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

This project will examine the production of the multilingual jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union (ECJ), aiming to elaborate a new understanding of the development of EU 'constitutional law'. The development of a rule of law within the EU is due in a large part to the judicial pronouncements of the ECJ. To date there has been no study which has taken account of the fact that the jurisprudence of the ECJ consists primarily of collegiate judgments drafted by jurists in a language that is generally not their mother tongue, undergoes many permutations of translation into and out of up to 23 different languages and is necessarily shaped by the way in which that Court functions as a multilingual, multicultural organisation, and the dynamics between actors within that Court (with the notable exception of the body of work built up by the PI in the current project proposal). Nor has there been any consideration of the important LINGUISTIC aspect of the role of the Advocate General in the formation of EU law. This project will build up on innovative research already carried out by the PI and will bring together theories and methodologies from research fields which traditionally pay little attention to each other (linguistic theories, anthropological research methods and law): examining the ECJ's jurisprudence, specifically through translation and taking account of the cultural compromises by which that Court functions, and considering the implications for the understanding and application of EU law.

Keywords: law and language,multilingual law,european institutions,european court of justice,law and translation
Subjectivity, Identity and Penal Power: Incarceration in a Global Age (SUBJECTPENAL)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Institutions, values, beliefs and behaviour
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111124, 2012)
Start date: 2012-10-01
End date: 2017-09-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1204240.0
EU funding (EUR): 1204240.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This project has two primary, interrelated, goals: to develop new methodological and intellectual tools in understanding the global and transnational reach of penal power and to revitalize the literature on subjectivity and identity in criminology. It is guided by three research questions that it will investigate in four distinct yet inter-related areas: penal theory, the contemporary prison, the immigration detention centre and human rights law. The research questions are: 1) What is the relationship between penal power and national identity? 2) How is that relationship gendered? 3) What do the experiences and views of those subject to penal power tell us about (the limits and nature of) state power in a global age? Taking the prison, the immigration detention centre and the immigration and asylum tribunal as sites where local/national and global power intersect, this project will examine theoretically and empirically the ways in which people experience and negotiate such places, paying particular attention to how matters of identity, especially race, gender, national identification and their intersections, shape the experience, meaning and effects of incarceration. By placing race, gender, and citizenship at the centre of analysis of penal power, this project seeks not only to hold up to scrutiny such core explanatory concepts as legitimacy, culture and power, but also to develop an empirically grounded theoretical framework that will overcome the boundaries between macro and micro-level sociological approaches to incarceration. In so doing the research will significantly reorient how penal power is investigated and understood.

Keywords: prison,punishment,immigration detention,post-colonialism,penal power,criminology,migration,gender
The Dissolution of the Japanese Empire and the Struggle for Legitimacy in Postwar East Asia, 1945-1965 (DOJSFL)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The study of the human past
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111124, 2012)
Start date: 2013-03-01
End date: 2019-02-28
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1463924.0
EU funding (EUR): 1463924.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This five-year project aims to understand how political rule and legal authority were redrafted in postwar East Asia after the Japanese surrender in 1945. The research will shed light on the social and political transformations that continue to have deep resonance in our world in the form of East Asia’s regional alliances and Japan’s relations with its closest neighbors – China, North and South Korea, and Taiwan. The renovation of East Asia after the fall of the Japanese empire has mainly been written from a western perspective, owing to the preponderance of postwar American scholarship and its political dominance, but also the systematic declassification and easy access to government and private archival papers. Even with the economic rise and growing importance of contemporary China, the region’s understanding of its own past and its internal dynamics remain deeply rooted to the contours of the manner in which World War II ended. This narrative is linked to the process of how Japanese imperial rule was judged at the local level through war crimes trials and the pursuit of justice against imperial supporters. The search for war criminals, collaborators or suspected traitors offered a means to resolve the upturned former imperial hierarchies, dealing with grudges and finding justice for committed atrocities. Such moves demonstrated that the new authorities were “just,” a crucial element to bolster domestic and international mobilization campaigns for support. This new research makes clear that Japan’s sudden surrender in no way signified that the country would immediately disavow its extensive imperial ideology; such a move would require a long time to inculcate.

Keywords: cold war,east asia,empire,japan,china,taiwan,korea,war crimes,collaboration,traitor
Experimentation versus Interpretation: exploring New Paths in Music Performance in the Twenty-First Century (MUSICEXPERIMENT21)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Cultures and cultural production
Countries involved: Belgium
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111124, 2012)
Start date: 2013-02-01
End date: 2018-01-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1497241.2
EU funding (EUR): 1497241.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

As part of the historical shift out of a textual culture into a ‘mediatized’ image and sound culture, musical performance practices have undergone, in recent decades, a shift from text-based to performative-based renderings of musical works—focussing attention upon the experience of performance more as a material, present event, then as an ‘execution’ or ‘interpretation’ of an abstract work. The aim of this research proposal is to investigate: (a) the extent to which the traditional conception of musical interpretation is bound to a given historical period; (b) how new investigative paths can be created through experimental performance practices; and (c) the extent to which the scientific model of the practice of experimentation is transferable to music performance. Crucial to these objectives is the material engagement in artistic practice, including the generation of concrete artistic outputs by the PI and other team members. The practice of music – understood as a fundamental methodological tool for the generation and exposition of new knowledge, will contribute decisively to innovations in both theory and practice, opening up opportunities for both scholarship and future performance practices. While exploring alternative approaches to music performance, this project will deliver concrete examples of such possibilities, situating itself at the frontline of the burgeoning field of Artistic Research. Combining theoretical investigation with the concrete practice of music, this project presents a case for change in the field of musical performance. Alongside critical reflection on the state-of-the-art, it proposes a graspable and ‘audible’ alternative to traditional understandings of ‘interpretation’ in musical performance. Hosted at the Orpheus Research Centre in Music, it will benefit from, and contribute to, the wider discourse on Artistic Experimentation, the Centre's current research focus.

Keywords: experimentation,interpretation,performance,work-concept,score,textuality,edition,performance-studies,artistic research,aesthetics,experimental science,deconstruction
Preventing Abuse of Children in the Context of AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa (PACCASA)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Environment and society
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111124, 2012)
Start date: 2013-06-01
End date: 2019-01-31
Duration (months): 68.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1460373.0
EU funding (EUR): 1460373.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

To date, 12 million children have been orphaned by AIDS, and 70 million more live with AIDS-affected caregivers within sub-Saharan Africa. Our programme of research has demonstrated heightened levels of physical, sexual and emotional abuse amongst children in AIDS-affected families. Despite increasing calls for intervention studies addressing child abuse in the developing world (UN 2008; WHO 2010) no interventions or research have yet targeted this high-risk group of AIDS-affected children. This project will develop and test, using a randomised controlled trial design, an evidence-based intervention to prevent and reduce child abuse within AIDS-affected families in South Africa. The study takes an innovative approach, incorporating a tripartite collaborative process between scientists, policy-makers, and civil society, thus maximising cultural applicability and sustainability. The randomised controlled trial includes 1600 adult and child participants, with wait-list controls and 1-year post-test evaluation in a real-world setting. The research has the key aims of 1) Testing theoretical frameworks of causation and prevention of child abuse in the developing world; 2) Testing the efficacy of an intervention for reducing child abuse; (3) Examining potential intervention moderators and mediators; (4) Testing the feasibility of the intervention when implemented by community volunteers at a low cost; (5) Disseminating results within sub-Saharan Africa to inform policy and programming. This study capitalises on the PI’s position as a scientific advisor to Southern African governments and international NGOs, on the expertise of a senior advisory group of academics and policy-makers, and on an established research team. This research is of immediate necessity in promoting child development within the world pandemic of HIV/AIDS. It also goes beyond the state of the art in innovation, collaboration, and a commitment to the active engagement of science with civil society.

Keywords: child maltreatment/abuse,randomised controlled trial,hiv/aids,sub-saharan africa
Human Rights Beyond Borders: The extraterritorial application of international human rights law - comparative legal, historical and theoretical approaches (HUBBOR)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Institutions, values, beliefs and behaviour
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111124, 2012)
Start date: 2013-02-01
End date: 2018-08-31
Duration (months): 67.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1111752.0
EU funding (EUR): 1111752.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This project will provide detailed, comprehensive, independent and authoritative explanation and critical appraisal of the extraterritorial application of human rights law, covering both civil and political rights and economic social and cultural rights, including the right to development. It will do this through analysis of both the law itself, and the cognate theoretical ideas and historical context. In its path-breaking cross-disciplinary orientation, the combined focus on law, theory—economic, social and political—and history will provide entirely novel ways of thinking about both the subject-matter and the cognate theoretical and historical ideas. Equally, the full-spectrum comparative treatment of human rights— not only civil and political rights but also economic, social and cultural rights—will provide new and innovative insights on the extraterritorial aspects of each area of law. Although the project will provide a more up-to-date treatment of the law, and a more sustained and even-handed treatment of the full range of human rights, than is offered in existing scholarship on the topic, more fundamentally the profoundly different methodological approach adopted will take ideas about the topic into entirely new terrain. The project is concerned with a radical innovation in analysis on the subject when compared to existing scholarship, in offering for the first time a cross-disciplinary analysis of the law through the application of theoretical and historical methodologies, and also an analysis of the broader theoretical and historical trends implicated in the relevant areas of law. The more ambitious methodological treatment in the project will break new ground in moving fully beyond exclusively or predominantly ‘black letter’ analyses of the law in existing scholarship, but in a manner that is then able to move back from the broader perspective to provide radically novel insights into that law drawn from it.

Keywords: extraterritoriality,international law,international relations,human rights,war,occupation,colonialism,rendition,development,sovereignty,refugees,piracy,jurisdiction,territory,rule of law
Restriction and Obviation in Scalar Expressions: the semantics and pragmatics of range markers across and throughout languages (ROSE)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The Human Mind and its complexity
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111124, 2012)
Start date: 2013-03-01
End date: 2018-02-28
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1300518.0
EU funding (EUR): 1300518.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Most languages have a fairly well developed system of words for numbers, called numerals. It is cross-linguistically common, moreover, for languages to have a very rich paradigm of modifiers of such numerals. For instance, English allows the numeral "fifty" to be modified by comparatives ("more than 50"), (adverbial) superlatives ("at least 50"), equatives ("as many as 50"), locative prepositions ("over 50"), directional prepositions ("up to 50"), disjunctions ("50 or more") and adverbs ("exactly 50"). As illustrated by the set of English modifiers, typically, such paradigms do not consist of specialised vocabulary but instead consist of expressions 'borrowed' from other areas of the grammar. This project sets out to use the rich vocabulary of modified numerals to make advances in semantics and pragmatics. In particular, we will look at a subset of modifiers that have restrictions on their use, restrictions that may be obviated in specific contexts. This subset contains e.g. adverbial superlatives and directional prepositions. Accordingly, there is a semantic connection between superlativity and spatial expression that needs to be explored. More importantly, however, the found connections will clarify the nature of numerical, and more generally scalar, quantification. This is very welcome, since there is a surprising lack of insight in how we use numerical expressions to communicate quantitative information. In particular, there is no consensus as to what semantic and pragmatic processes govern the relatively simple meanings conveyed by sentences containing numerals and similarly scalar expressions. What is needed right now to break through this standstill are projects that aim at uncovering hitherto unexplored connections within language. Significant theoretical progress moreover relies on access to large bodies of new and reliable data. To this end, the project includes in-depth cross-linguistic and experimental studies.

Keywords: semantics,pragmatics,reasoning,inferencing
Law, science and interests in European policy-making (LASI)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Institutions, values, beliefs and behaviour
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111124, 2012)
Start date: 2013-01-01
End date: 2018-06-30
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1453748.0
EU funding (EUR): 1453748.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This project provides a detailed analysis of how European law structures the use of different types of expertise in European policy-making, and assesses whether and to what extent objectives such as ensuring scientific expertise, sound evidence and interest representation overlap or are in tension with each other. However, European law constitutes a particular social subsystem, a cognitive framework and a form of expertise. While law is expected to deliver the regulatory framework through which different types of expertise are incorporated into European policy-making, it is itself framed through a process in which different types of expertise play a role. This research project has therefore two objectives. Objective 1: Mapping and critically assessing the European legal framework that structures different types of expertise in European policy-making. Objective 2: Analysing how European law functions as a social subsystem and assessing how legal expertise functions in relation to other forms of expertise in European policy-making. While the project is inspired by legal theory, and in particular systems theory and reflexive law theory, it employs an interdisciplinary methodology ensuring a detailed empirical enquiry based on legal analysis, semi-structured elite interviews, process tracing of adopted policy measures, and network analysis. The project focuses on three policy areas that feature very different modes of European governance, namely nano-technology, employment, and competition policy.

Keywords: european law,european governance,socio-legal studies,risk regulation,regulating scientific expertise,regulating interest representation
Life EXperience Modulations of Executive function Asymmetries (LEX-MEA)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The Human Mind and its complexity
Countries involved: Italy
Call:  (ERC-2012-StG_20111124, 2012)
Start date: 2013-03-01
End date: 2018-02-28
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1475950.0
EU funding (EUR): 1475950.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Executive functions are a set of cognitive processes underlying goal-directed behaviour. Two crucial executive functions are criterion-setting, the ability to form new rules, and monitoring, the capacity to evaluate whether those rules are being applied correctly. They differentially engage left and right prefrontal regions. Determining the impact of experience on these key functions will help understand individual differences and, crucially, reveal the available degrees of freedom for active intervention in case of decline or deficit. The central goal of LEX-MEA proposal is to unveil which neural and experiential factors shape these high-level functions across the life-span. The specific aim of the proposal is threefold. First, by using a multimodal neuroimaging approach, it will unveil how prefrontal hemispheric asymmetries underlying executive functions change depending on the task context, and whether this division of labour is advantageous. Second, it will study how significant real-life experiences, such as practicing a skill that entails a specific executive function, modulate these functions and their neural underpinning. We will target 2 groups of professionals, simultaneous translators and air traffic controllers, who make extensive use of criterion-setting and monitoring, respectively, to test whether, in different stages of skill acquisition, they show a generalized benefit for the specific executive function trained. Third, we will test whether having practiced a skill requiring a certain executive function throughout life constitutes a compensatory factor against cognitive aging. The ultimate objective is to lay the cognitive and neural foundation for a full understanding of these extraordinary abilities not only in normal conditions but also in diverse diseases and to boost particular executive functions with tailored, theory-guided training programs.

Keywords: executive functions,prefrontal cortex,hemispheric asymmetries,normal aging,experience