Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Platform-aware Model-driven Optimization of Cyber-Physical Systems (oCPS)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Innovative Training Networks (ITN)-European Training Networks
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Information Science and Engineering
Countries involved: Austria,Germany,Germany,Germany,Italy,Germany,Italy,Sweden,Sweden,Netherlands,Netherlands,Netherlands,Netherlands
Call: Marie Skłodowska-Curie Innovative Training Networks (ITN-ETN) (H2020-MSCA-ITN-2015, 2015)
Start date: 2015-11-01
End date: 2019-10-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 3820273.63
EU funding (EUR): 3820273.63
Participants: 18
Project status: CLOSED

Many modern industrial systems fall in the realm of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) because of the tight interaction between computation, communication and control elements (the cyber part), and physical processes such as motion, heating/cooling, vibration, wear and tear (the physical part) within these systems. Traditional design methods involve multiple, often isolated, design phases involving different disciplines (mechanical, electrical, control and software engineering). Requirements related to cost, quality and reliability enforce designs with over-provisioning of platform resources (computation, communication, memory) by large margins at each phase to be able to fulfill system-level requirements in the worst-case scenarios. To replace such overly conservative design process, there is an urgent need for integrative design trajectories that allow for tradeoffs between cost, quality and reliability coping with the tight coordination between the cyber and the physical components. This gives rise to the need for models that accurately capture the interaction between various components (e.g., software, electronics, mechanics, algorithms, power, energy, etc.) and novel design methods that exploit the artifacts of the underlying platforms. The key scientific objective of the oCPS program is to enable the design of a new generation of cost-effective, quality-driven and reliable CPS by developing model-driven design methods that capture the interaction between different models at various design layers, that take into account physical constraints and processes, and that introduce platform-awareness at all levels. The program aims to train a generation of young researchers in cross-disciplinary thinking and deliver industrially validated tool chains. We bring together the state of the practice through six key industrial players, including SMEs, and the state of the art through four top universities and one research institute across Europe.

Keywords: cyber physical systems,multi domain modeling,platform aware design,resource constrained design,cost efficient synthesis,distributed coordination
The tiny and the fast: the role of subcortical sensory structures in human communication (SENSOCOM)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Consolidator grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System
Panel description: Nervous system development, homeostasis and ageing, nervous system function and dysfunction, systems neuroscience and modelling, biological basis of cognitive processes and of behaviour, neurological and mental disorders
Countries involved: Germany,Germany
Call: ERC Consolidator Grant (ERC-2014-CoG, 2014)
Start date: 2016-01-01
End date: 2023-04-30
Duration (months): 88.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1999625.0
EU funding (EUR): 1056014.85
Participants: 2
Project status: SIGNED

In Europe, approximately one hundred million people are impaired in their communication abilities. These include people with autism spectrum disorders (ca. 3 million) and individuals with dyslexia (ca. 50 million). Current neuroscience research typically associates cognitive functions including communication abilities with the cerebral cortex. By and large, this approach ignores the complex subcortical processing machinery before sensory signals reach the cortex. However, recent pioneering studies imply that dysfunction in tiny subcortical sensory structures can cause selective deficits in our ability to understand others. My goal is to (i) investigate the role of subcortical sensory structures in analysing communication signals and (ii) specify how dysfunction in subcortical-cortical interaction can cause human communication disorders. To do this we will combine very recently developed ultra-high-resolution neuroimaging with a cutting-edge multimodal approach including neurostimulation, and computational neuroimaging. The project will relate sensory subcortical responses to concrete communication behaviour, as observed in healthy individuals and individuals with communication disorders. I expect two key results: First, we will uncover the principles of how subcortical sensory structures operate for dynamic auditory and visual communication signals; this will lead to a novel model of subcortical-cortical interactions that can explain key functions in human communication. Second, the results will resolve long-standing puzzles about the nature of two of the most common hereditary communication deficits (developmental dyslexia and autism spectrum disorders). Immediate consequences of this proposal will include a translational project aimed at improving communication functions with behavioural interventions. Together, the findings may revolutionise our understanding of how sensory subcortical structures shape one of our most important cognitive functions—communication.

Keywords: dyslexia,sensory thalamus,predictive coding,top down modulation,cortico thalamic interaction
New constraints on the Amazonian carbon balance from airborne observations of the stable isotopes of CO2 (ASICA)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Consolidator grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Earth system science
Panel description: Physical geography, geology, geophysics, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, climatology, cryology, ecology, global environmental change, biogeochemical cycles, natural resources management
Countries involved: Netherlands,Netherlands,Netherlands,United Kingdom,Brazil
Call: ERC Consolidator Grant (ERC-2014-CoG, 2014)
Start date: 2015-09-01
End date: 2021-02-28
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2269688.76
EU funding (EUR): 827975.0
Participants: 5
Project status: CLOSED

Severe droughts in Amazonia in 2005 and 2010 caused widespread loss of carbon from the terrestrial biosphere. This loss, almost twice the annual fossil fuel CO2 emissions in the EU, suggests a large sensitivity of the Amazonian carbon balance to a predicted more intense drought regime in the next decades. This is a dangerous inference though, as there is no scientific consensus on the most basic metrics of Amazonian carbon exchange: the gross primary production (GPP) and its response to moisture deficits in the soil and atmosphere. Measuring them on scales that span the whole Amazon forest was thus far impossible, but in this project I aim to deliver the first observation-based estimate of pan-Amazonian GPP and its drought induced variations. My program builds on two recent breakthroughs in our use of stable isotopes (13C, 17O, 18O) in atmospheric CO2: (1) Our discovery that observed δ¹³C in CO2 in the atmosphere is a quantitative measure for vegetation water-use efficiency over millions of square kilometers, integrating the drought response of individual plants. (2) The possibility to precisely measure the relative ratios of 18O/16O and 17O/16O in CO2, called Δ17O. Anomalous Δ17O values are present in air coming down from the stratosphere, but this anomaly is removed upon contact of CO2 with leaf water inside plant stomata. Hence, observed Δ17O values depend directly on the magnitude of GPP. Both δ¹³C and Δ17O measurements are scarce over the Amazon-basin, and I propose more than 7000 new measurements leveraging an established aircraft monitoring program in Brazil. Quantitative interpretation of these observations will break new ground in our use of stable isotopes to understand climate variations, and is facilitated by our renowned numerical modeling system “CarbonTracker”. My program will answer two burning question in carbon cycle science today: (a) What is the magnitude of GPP in Amazonia? And (b) How does it vary over different intensities of drought?

Keywords: carbon cycle,carbon uptake,stable isotopes
Innovative COoling system for embedded Power Electronics (ICOPE)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Societal Challenges
Programme: Smart, green and integrated transport
Theme: Public-private partnerships
Destination: Clean Sky 2
Action type: Innovation actions
Partnership: CS2 (Art-187)
Countries involved: Austria,Spain,United Kingdom
Call: Innovative cooling system for embedded power electronics (H2020-CS2-CFP04-2016-02, 2016)
Start date: 2017-06-01
End date: 2020-08-31
Duration (months): 39.0
Total project cost (EUR): 943507.75
EU funding (EUR): 786165.25
Participants: 3
Project status: CLOSED

The main goal of this project is the design of innovative and efficient air cooled heat sinks to cool the power electronics modules that are a key component of the more electrical aircraft power management centre design. The new design is expected to be developed in two stages. The first one should be covered by the implementation of Annealed Pyrolytic Graphite (APG) and folded brazed fins, while in the second the integration of Metal Matrix Composites (MMC) is expected. The final target of the development is the reduction of weight of the whole power management system (bay integrating four heat sinks), while maintaining an efficient and reliable cooling. Coming from advances in the power semiconductors field, by the use of high-temperature and more efficient materials such as Silicon Carbide (SiC) and Gallium Nitride (GAN), the thermal management strategy could take into consideration the implementation of air cooled solutions, which are expected to reduce the overall weight comparing to liquid or two-phase flow solutions, while also adding some benefits in terms of reliability and maintenance aspects.

Keywords: cooling system,embedded power electronics,annealed pyrolytic graphite apg,metal matrix composites mmc
The earliest migration of Homo sapiens in Southern Europe: understanding the biocultural processes that define our uniqueness (SUCCESS)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Consolidator grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: The study of the human past
Panel description: Archaeology, history and memory
Countries involved: Italy
Call: ERC Consolidator Grant (ERC-2016-COG, 2016)
Start date: 2017-05-01
End date: 2022-08-31
Duration (months): 64.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1993811.0
EU funding (EUR): 1993811.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Anatomically modern humans (AMHs) radiated out of Africa into the rest of the world around 60,000-50,000 years ago. While various evidence suggests arrivals of AMHs in Asia and Australia ca. 45,000 calendar years before present (cal BP), the timing and pattern of the biological and cultural shifts that occurred in Europe around 50,000 to 35,000 cal BP, are hotly debated and are considered to be among the most important questions in paleoanthropology. This period documents 1) the demise of the autochthons Neandertals and their replacement by AMHs as well as 2) dramatic changes in human behaviour and the appearance of various technocomplexes that replaced pre-existing Mousterian cultures. Debate revolves around the question of whether modern behaviour was independently achieved by Neandertals or is directly related to the arrival of AMH. In this context Italy plays a pivotal role due to its geographic position and ecological variability, and key archaeological sites with transitional and early Upper Paleolithic cultures. This interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary project aims to understand when AMHs arrived in Southern Europe, the biocultural processes that favoured their successful adaptation and the final cause of Neandertal extinction. The project involves survey in Italy and field investigations of key archaeological sites dating to the Middle-to-Upper Paleolithic Transition, paleoecological, zooarchaeological, paleoanthropological and isotope analyses, studies of pigments, ornaments, lithic and bone tools, as well as statistical modeling using cutting-edge protocols. The results of this work will be of pivotal importance for understanding a key period in European prehistory and, more generally, the biocultural, adaptive and ecological characteristics that make our species successful and unique. It implies that this project will be crucial for understanding the replacement of all hominin species by AMHs around the world.
Combining Single Molecule and Ensemble approaches To Investigate Cas9 Target Search (CasMETICS)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Life Sciences
Countries involved: Sweden
Call: Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships (IF-EF) (H2020-MSCA-IF-2015, 2015)
Start date: 2016-04-01
End date: 2018-03-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 173857.2
EU funding (EUR): 173857.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The CRISPR-Cas9 bacterial immune system has garnered intense interest both as a synthetic biology tool and as a biological system in its own right. Yet the ability of Cas9 to find its guide-RNA-directed binding site in a timely fashion remains mysterious. To find its binding site, the single-stranded guide RNA must recognize the appropriate homologous DNA target within double-stranded chromosomal DNA, without using ATP to melt dsDNA. Moreover, in vitro measurements of Cas9 target search seem to suggest that an individual Cas9 molecule should take on the order of months to discover its target site, far too long to defend against viral infections which can proceed to lysis in less than one hour. To begin to unravel these conundrums, I plan to measure Cas9 target search time in vivo, using both single molecule and bulk approaches. The single molecule assay will use fluorescently tagged dCas9 (a version of Cas9 non-functional for cleavage) targeted against the lac O1 binding site. At t=0 the synthetic inducer IPTG can be flowed in, dissociating LacI from the O1 binding site, and the amount of time needed for dCas9 to bind determined by time-lapse fluorescence microscopy. The bulk version of the assay will exploit the existence of a binding site for the restriction enzyme BsrBI in the lacO1 binding site. As in the single molecule assay, the clock is started by addition of IPTG to growing cells, and the time needed for dCas9 binding is quantified by observed how long is needed for dCas9 to confer protection against BsrBI cleavage of cross-linked and purified chromatin. Finally, I will perform high-speed tracking experiments on searching dCas9 molecules using electroporated fluorescent dye-labeled guide RNAs. These measurements should constrain mechanistic hypotheses about Cas9 target search, and may provide insight into other critical biological processes involving single stranded nucleic acids searching in double stranded nucleic acids, such as homologous recombination.

Keywords: crispr,cas9,single molecule,search kinetics,in vivo
identifying Practicable functionAL biomarkers to Monitor nutritional requirements in oil palm agroSystems (iPALMS)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Global Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Life Sciences
Countries involved: Australia,France
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2019, 2019)
Start date: 2022-07-01
End date: 2025-06-30
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 263827.2
EU funding (EUR): 263827.2
Participants: 2
Project status: SIGNED

The iPALMS or “identifying Practicable functional biomarkers to Monitor nutritional requirements in oil palm agroSystem” is devoted to the elaboration of a K-Bio-Index which will permit a better potassium fertilizer use by planters. This bio indicator will be completed by a K-Profiles-Library and a data base “iPALMS DATA”. Oil palm is a typical case of a tree-crop that has a strong impact on local biodiversity and landscape via deforesting but the global demand in palm oil is still increasing, including by oil companies looking for resources other than petroleum. A considerable effort should now be devoted to reconcile oil palm cropping and nutrient fertilization in order to reduce inputs and the carbon footprint, and increase sustainability. The present project aims to set up a biomonitoring technology based on functional genomics (metabolomics, proteomics) to control potassium (K) fertilization in oil palm. Despite its very high oil-production yield, this species is highly K-demanding, with tissue K content often exceeding nitrogen content. In most agricultural oil palm practices, K fertilization follows standard protocols, in which potash addition is uniform and exceeds tree needs, leading to considerable losses in the environment. Such losses are further detrimental to other agricultural systems and water-tables nearby, potentially causing hypocalcaemia in cattle and humans. Here, we will use metabolomics and proteomics to explore the functional linkage between K conditions and oil palm metabolic efficiency and identify biomarkers than could be implemented to better define K fertilization strategies.

Keywords: oil palm,potassium,mineral fertilization,metabolomics,proteomics,k bio index
Dynamics of Cadmium concentrations in Leaves in response to a challenging Environment (DyCLE)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Environment and Geosciences
Countries involved: Germany
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2018, 2018)
Start date: 2019-09-01
End date: 2021-08-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 174806.4
EU funding (EUR): 174806.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Metal hyperaccumulator plants accumulate extraordinarily high concentrations of toxic metals in their leaves. The large within-population variation in the extent of hyperaccumulation of some metals in the field remains unexplained. Is this an acclimation, and to which environmental factor? Or is it a result of evolutionary adaptation, and what selects for it? To answer these questions, the applicant will employ results from a large field survey of Arabidopsis halleri, a model species capable of hyperaccumulating cadmium (Cd), published by the host group. The researcher will monitor dynamics of leaf Cd accumulation in the A. halleri populations exhibiting the largest intra-population variation in this trait in the field. In individuals contrasting for the degree of Cd accumulation, the researcher will quantify the response to herbivore attack, as well as the genetic contribution for leaf Cd accumulation. High-quality research in the host laboratory (Ruhr University Bochum, DE) and knowledge on soil-plant-insect interaction will enhance EU scientific excellence. The researcher will engage in collaboration with a secondment (Bielefeld University, DE) for scientific exchange and the synergic transfer of high-quality complementary scientific and methodological expertise, thus strengthening EU internationally leading position in toxic metal ecology. Expected results will enable best protocols for plant-based clean-up (phytoremediation) of metal-contaminated soils that are unsafe for agriculture and a significant issue in the EU. This project will delineate the inter-disciplinary independent career of the researcher, enhance his knowledge and provide personalised training in state-of-the-art research methodology. He will participate in management and group meetings and train students for skills and knowledge transfer. Scientific publications for experts, as well as seminars, articles, a web video and social e-media for the public will efficiently disseminate the results.

Keywords: metal hyperaccumulation,cadmium,arabidopsis halleri,within population metal accumulation variation,mamestra brassicae,metal defence,metal toxicity,organic compounds toxicity,joint effects
Scanner for Early-Stage Quality Control in Silicon Carbide Crystals (SiC_Scope)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Industrial Leadership
Programme: Innovation in SMEs
Action type: SME instrument
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call: SME instrument (H2020-EIC-SMEInst-2018-2020-3, 2020)
Start date: 2020-04-01
End date: 2022-12-31
Duration (months): 33.0
Total project cost (EUR): 3507250.0
EU funding (EUR): 2455075.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Industrially grown crystals are key to our modern life; from electric car batteries to airplane windows. One of the fastest-growing crystal segments is silicon carbide (SiC), highly demanded in semiconductor applications for power supplies, electric cars, solar inverters, trains, and wind turbines. SiC is expected to be one of the top-10 advanced materials in the market by 2021; the SiC device market will top €1.4B by 2023, with 31% CAGR from 2017-2023. Growing crystals is an imperfect process. Particularly so for SiC, where unnoticed defects affect as many as 70% of all final wafers. Existing quality control techniques spot the defects after the crystal has been processed. Increased cost of the low yield sets today an obstacle to the wide application of SiC. Scientific Visual (SV) is a Swiss company, established in 2010 and led by Dr. Ivan Orlov, PhD in crystallography, and COO Fréderic Falise. Our innovation, SiC_Scope, is a scanner to detect and map defects in raw SiC prior to crystal processing. Based on refractive index matching, it is more accurate and faster than existing solutions, providing increased yield at a lower cost. Using SiC_Scope, a single grower can obtain a 6.5M€/year cost saving. Moreover, the scanner gathers real-time information on the defects, which allows crystal growers to tune their processes, driving down the number of defective crystals. In this project, we will adapt our existing technology currently applied to sapphires and other transparent crystals to detect the defects present in SiC which is a non-transparent crystal. Scientific Visual expects to attain absolute market leadership.

Keywords: silicon carbide,wafer,ingot,crystallography,industrial crystals,automated inspection,optical quality control system,semiconductor materials,production yield