Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Cyber Security and Resilience of Networked Critical Infrastructures (SERENITI)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Romania
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-03-01
End date: 2018-02-28
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Modern Networked Critical Infrastructures (NCIs), e.g. the electrical grid, rely on Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for their operation since ICT can lead to cost reduction as well as greater efficiency, flexibility and interoperability between components. In the past NCIs were isolated environments and used proprietary hardware and protocols, limiting thus the threats that could affect them. Nowadays, with the adoption of Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) ICT, NCIs are exposed to significant cyber threats that can lead to economical and human losses. To address the aforementioned issues, this project aims at elaborating novel holistic methodologies for the design of security and resilience-aware ICT infrastructures for NCIs. The project will develop state-of-the-art techniques and tools to aid engineers in designing secure and resilient industrial ICT-based installations. The novelty of the project consists in the fact that it will fuse together the cyber and physical dimensions of NCI, an important aspect that is missing from existing approaches. The project will create novel NCI network design techniques by solving multi-criteria optimization problems that take into account several aspects such as NCI design standards, e.g. NIST SP 800-82 and NERC CIP 002-009, resilient operation of physical process, but also installation-specific information, e.g. geographical aspects. The project will also provide more effective protection mechanisms, e.g. cyber-physical Intrusion Detection Systems, by combining data from cyber and physical sensors. The proposed research lies in the context of the "European Programme for Critical Infrastructure Protection" (EPCIP), the "Critical Information Infrastructure Protection" (CIIP) action plan and the "Digital Agenda for Europe" (DAE) by addressing key security and resilience issues of NCIs that will ultimately lead to the better protection of existing and future Critical Infrastructures.

Keywords: networked critical infrastructures,cyber security,resilience,network design,intrusion detection systems
Biochemical and functional characterization of ER-plasma membrane contact sites mediated by a novel class of tethering proteins, the Extended-Synaptotagmins (ERPMCONTACTS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-03-01
End date: 2018-02-28
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-plasma membrane (PM) contact sites are structures where the ER is tightly associated with the PM. Most available information on ER-PM contacts in cells of higher eukaryotes concerns proteins implicated in the regulation of Ca2+ entry. However, growing evidence suggests that such contacts play more general and conserved roles in cell physiology. I recently discovered that the three Extended-Synaptotagmins (E-Syts), which are orthologues of yeast tricalbins, are ER-resident proteins that act as regulated tethers between the ER and the PM. My studies revealed that E-Syts are essentially localized to sites of close apposition of ER and PM and their overexpression induces massive formation of cortical ER. In contrast, their loss of function affects formation of pre-existing ER-PM contacts but not capacitative Ca2+ entry, indicating that E-Syts represent a novel class of ER-PM tethers with novel functions. Their binding to the PM is regulated by the PM phosphoinositide PI(4,5)P2. We hypothesize that one key function of E-Syt-mediated ER-PM contacts is regulation of PM phosphoinositide (PI) metabolism. The central objective of this proposal is to identify E-Syt binding partners and to understand their functions at ER-PM contact sites. Interestingly, the host group has identified the v-SNARE Sec22 as a novel component of ER-PM contact sites. In parallel to the well-studied synaptotagmin-SNARE complex at the synapse, it will be interesting to address whether E-Syts might be part of a non-fusogenic SNARE complex at ER-PM contact sites. A multidisciplinary approach will be taken using a combination of super-resolution light and electron microscopy, live-cell imaging and optogenetic manipulation of PIs in mammalian cells, coupled with biochemistry and in vitro reconstitution. These approaches will unravel the function of the newly discovered E-Syt proteins at ER-PM contacts, and how they interface with SNAREs at these sites to regulate PI signaling.

Keywords: endoplasmic reticulum,plasma membrane,membrane contact sites,snare,lipid metabolism
Sphingosine kinase 2-mediated preconditioning in stroke (SPK AND STROKE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Ireland
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-03-01
End date: 2018-02-28
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

According to the European Cardiovascular Disease Statistics 2012 edition, over a third of deaths from cardiovascular disease in the EU are from coronary heart disease and just over a quarter are from stroke. But there is a lack of effective treatment for most stroke patients. Despite an expanding understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying ischemia/reperfusion injury, 1000+ experimental compounds have failed at some stage of development. Thus, innovative therapeutic approaches are needed to develop an effective treatment for stroke. Preconditioning (in which a stimulus below the threshold of damage is applied, leading to tissue resistance to the same, or different stimuli given beyond damage threshold) is an attractive experimental strategy to identify endogenous protective mechanisms that could be therapeutically implemented. The proposed studies will identify a key molecular interaction underlying endogenous protective mechanisms induced by preconditioning and its potential to be exploited therapeutically. The lipid mediator sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) plays a role in preconditioning, protecting the heart and kidney against ischemia/reperfusion injury. Sphingosine kinase 2 (SK2) is the major S1P-synthezising enzyme in brain and is up-regulated in neurons in response to ischemia. SK2 is a BH3-only protein, that can interact with the cell death-related protein Bcl-xL, suggesting that this enzyme isoform has S1P-independent actions. Two specific aims will test in vivo and in vitro the hypothesis that various preconditioning stimuli induce tolerance to brain ischemia by a novel common mechanism involving both S1P-mediated autocrine/paracrine mechanisms (HIF1alpha - SK2 - S1P receptors - Akt - nitric oxide synthase) and intracellular protein-protein interactions inducing protective autophagy. This project will identify novel therapeutic targets and will provide a route for translation to clinical research.

Keywords: stroke,ischemia,hypoxia,volatile anesthetics,cortical spreading depression,neurons,neuroprotection,preconditioning,sphingolipids,s1p,autophagy
Linking Brain Activity to Selective Attention at a “Cocktail Party”: Enhancing Performance through Top-Down Modulation of Sensory Processing (ATTENTIONBCI)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-11-01
End date: 2019-02-10
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The ability to selectively pay attention to a particular stream of input in the environment and to ignore competing irrelevant sounds is of utmost importance in daily life. This challenge is epitomized by the well-known “Cocktail Party Problem”, which has fascinated psychologist, neuroscientists, engineers and computer scientists for decades. Yet, to date much remains unknown about the neural basis underlying this important capacity. Moreover, performance on this important cognitive task varies greatly across individuals and under different environmental conditions, and attention is also known to ‘wander’ and fluctuate over time. The current proposal is aimed at linking neural activity to behavior in a “Cocktail Party”-like situation, and to understanding the factors underlying variability in selective attention performance. Using non-invasive neurophysiological recordings in humans, I will test the hypothesis that top-down modulation of sensory processing is directly linked to selective attention performance and can explain variability in performance across individuals, stimulus-conditions and over time. I will further investigate the effects of neurofeedback training on top-down sensory modulation and the impact such training has on performance on selective attention tasks. The use of neurofeedback in this framework introduces a new approach for probing the attentional system and studying its operations, and will also contribute to improving currently available training regimes for enhancing attentional performance. Overall, this research project will afford new perspectives and a deeper understanding of the neural basis of selective attention behavior and the “Cocktail Party” problem. Its results will also have substantial clinical implications for studying attentional disorders, such as ADHD.

Keywords: selective attention,neural mechanism,sensory processing,top-down,neurofeedback,bci,adhd
Quantum Plasmonics (QUANTUM PLASMONICS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-03-01
End date: 2018-02-28
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

I propose to unravel the quantum properties of Surface Plasmon Polaritons (SPPs), thanks to an experimental approach new in France and used by only a couple of groups in Europe. This ambitious project I propose will be conducted at the Institut Néel, in Grenoble (France), as the first project I would develop there as a newly appointed permanent CNRS researcher. SPPs, thanks to their ability to highly confine the electromagnetic field are expected to have applications in quantum optics, computing, and to foster photon-photon interactions at nanometric scales. However, whether they will truly lead to viable applications is controversial at present, because the benefits of SPPs come at the cost of high losses. Very little is known about SPPs in the quantum regime, and my project proposes to fully investigate their potential. The study will use a single photon source using nonlinear processes in a crystal, which produces phonton pairs entangled on the polarisation. The single photons are coupled into single SPPs thanks to a microscopy setup, and to appropriate design of the plasmonic devices. After undergoing the operation performed by the device, the single SPPs are then coupled back into photons and the measurements are performed on these photons. Devices will be produced to generate entanglement on ultrasmall scales and the quality of the entanglement quantified. Experiments will also be conducted under high confinement of the electromagnetic field, which is one of the conditions to reach the most challenging targets of the work: developing SPP-based quantum metrology and produce nanometric single photon switches. Success could lead to the development of novel optical quantum information processing devices of nanometric dimensions.

Keywords: plasmonics,quantum optics,nanophotonics,quantum plasmonics,plasmonics waveguides
Metallodrugs to Modulate Tumour Cell Machinery (MEMOTUMCELLMACH)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2015-01-01
End date: 2018-12-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The past decade has seen substantial advances in our understanding of cancer molecular biology and the technologies available to study it, emphasising the importance of the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis in cancer research. We now face having to therapeutically aim for many less common targets rather than a few all-cancer present targets. Effective single molecular targets therapies are generally not sufficient to elicit durable clinical responses and the development of drug resistance is an increasing problem. Consideration of only a single drug–target interaction in vivo has proven to be overly simplistic. The ultimate goal of this proposal is to generate metallodrugs whose mechanism of action is understood and whose targets are identified. These multitargeting drugs would be a more realistic option by leading rational co-extinction strategies for specific cancers. Current cross-discipline trainings make possible the alliance of inorganic chemistry with cell and molecular biology. The unprecedented potential for design of metallodrugs has not been overseen and medicinal bioinorganic chemistry is rapidly expanding. This interdisciplinary proposal involves chemistry, biology and physics, with potential not only for the discovery of novel medicines for cancer treatment, but also for the development of new methodologies to modulate and deconvolute the technology behind the tumour cell machinery. By uncovering the operating principles and mechanisms of action of our metallodrugs at the nanoscale (i.e. subcellular level) we aim to inform on what biological context its destruction would lead to cell death and also to tumour regression. These metallo-medicines will exploit the extraordinary features of transition metal complexes, in particular the capability for in tumour activation, and the possibility of being loaded into nanocarriers, conferring control on the drug reactivity, and thus minimising undesired side effects, often responsible for drug failure.

Keywords: bioinorganic chemistry,medicinal organometallics,platinum coordination,ruthenium bioorganometallic,metallopharmaceuticals,cisplatin,inorganic biological chemistry
Spine plasticity in changing environment and diseases (SPICED)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-03-01
End date: 2018-02-28
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

Given the persistence of stress-related disorders, it is critical to identify the circuits, cells and mechanisms that fail to recover from stressor exposure. The stress hormone glucocorticoid causes reversible remodeling of brain circuits involved in cognitive, executive and hedonic behaviors. While small amounts of glucocorticoids support cognition and spine synapse turnover, excess stimulation by glucocorticoids predisposes to stress disorders via the loss of dendritic spines. To date, however, because of the paucity of knowledge of underlying mechanisms, deleterious effects of glucocorticoids are not prevented following extreme stress. My model predicts a fine balance exists between the spine formation and spine elimination needed for behavioral adaptation to stress. Which spines survive, which spines are eliminated may encode the structural basis of learning adaptive behavior. There is hope that promoting dendritic spine turnover facilitates recovery from stressful experience, and paves the road for the discovery of better drug treatments for disorders featuring disrupted glucocorticoid circadian rhythms. One hypothesis to account for the onset and severity of these disorders is that glucocorticoid actions diverge as a function of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling. Using mouse genetics, behavior, in vivo imaging and transcriptomic, the “SPICED” project aims at charactering a novel neurotrophic-sensing mechanism of glucocorticoid actions on spine turnover in changing environment. The SPICED project capitalizes on robust preliminary data arguing that BDNF signaling employs the phosphorylated glucocorticoid receptor (GR) as transcription factor to produce a unique gene expression signature. Should BDNF-induced GR phosphorylation become impaired, appropriate turnover of dendritic spines to durable stress or excess glucocorticoids may be inhibited thus setting the stage for neural network wiring defects and development of neuropsychiatric disorders.

Keywords: multimodal in vivo brain imaging transcranial two-photon microscopy dendritic spines learning and memory disorders comorbid with stress glucocorticoids bdnf mechanisms of synapse elimination
Fundamental Studies to Enable the Environmentally Conscious Application of Hydraulic Fracturing in Shale Formations (FRACCINGFUNDAMENTALS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-10-01
End date: 2018-09-30
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The PI, Striolo, in 2012 organised a workshop on 'hydraulic fracturing'. The workshop was supported by the US National Science Foundation, with the goal of identifying the fundamental phenomena, in particular those that occur at the interface between liquids and rocks, which at present remain unknown and which, once completely understood, could help us understand in depth the technology of hydraulic fracturing. The idea was that when such fundamental questions are answered, it might be possible to implement hydraulic fracturing with minimal environmental consequences. Over 70 scientists participated to the workshop, representing over 10 industries, which presented recent advancements, several universities, federal agencies, national laboratories, and lobbying groups. The present proposal stems from the proceedings of that workshop, and the aim is to address some of the fundamental questions there identified. The chosen questions can be solved using the scientific techniques the PI has developed during his graduate, post-graduate, and faculty appointments at various institutions in the United States. Funding the present Marie Curie Career Integration Grant proposal will allow Striolo to relocate permanently his research group from the University of Oklahoma, in the USA, to the Chemical Engineering Department of University College London, in the UK. Funds from the Marie Curie CIG award will be used to support one doctoral student and to support travel. The funds will be strongly leveraged, and the proposed research will be carried out by four doctoral students, under the direction of the PI. The proposed research is for the most part based on atomistic simulations, which will be conducted taking advantage of the infrastructure available at UCL. Experimental validation will be conducted in collaboration with a number of scientists with whom Striolo has collaborated successfully in the past. The results obtained during the project will have direct practical application.

Keywords: interfacial phenomena,confined systems,fluids,molecular simulations
Filling the gap: Strategies for the processing of unbounded dependencies cross-linguistically (FILLING THE GAP)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-03-01
End date: 2018-02-28
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Much psycho- and neurolinguistic research has been dedicated to filler-gap dependencies, identifying the cognitive mechanisms and brain structures underlying the processing of these structures. However, this research tended to focus on languages with one shared property, namely the lack of grammaticized resumptive pronouns. The objective of the proposed project is to expand the empirical scope of the explorations of unbounded dependencies by investigating the processing of these constructions in Hebrew, a language in which gaps and resumptive pronouns alternate (relatively) freely. The project will focus on two interrelated research questions: 1. Are differences between the grammars of languages reflected in processing? Specifically, are the same processing strategies employed in languages with and without resumptive pronouns? For example, it has been shown that in English, once the syntactic processor identifies a filler, it engages in active search for a possible gap. Given that in Hebrew some fillers are not associated with gaps but rather with resumptives, does the parser in this language actively construe gaps like its English counterpart, or does it adopt a 'wait and see' strategy? 2. Are resumptive pronouns easier to process than gaps, as is sometimes assumed in the literature, or are they in fact harder to process, since their processing invariably includes a misguided extra step, namely the (unwarranted) construal of a gap? Or does their processing involve some aspects which are easier (e.g. accessing their antecedent), and some which are harder? These issues will be addressed using techniques and paradigms proven successful in the study of online sentence processing, e.g. cross-modal lexical priming and self-paced reading, as well as event-related potentials, utilizing specific effects as indexes of known processing mechanisms, and functional magnetic resonance imaging, assessing the processing load associated with resumptives compared to gaps.

Keywords: syntactic processing,psycholinguistics,neurolinguistics,linguistics,unbounded dependencies,filler-gap dependencies,resumptive pronouns,event-related potentials,fmri,filled-gap effect