Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Strategies to Control Oxygen uptake and energy Partitioning in Ectotherms (SCOPE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-CIG, 2012)
Start date: 2013-03-01
End date: 2017-02-28
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Body size is a primary determinant of key life-history traits such as fecundity, longevity and dispersal, thus governing the way organisms interact with each other and their environment. Given the large consequences of body size there is great interest in why do organisms differ in size. Temperature is a major corollary of body size. At higher temperatures, individuals grow faster but to a smaller final size. This temperature size rule (hereafter termed TSR) has been documented widely and is one of the strongest patterns in ecology, yet it remains poorly understood. It is a life-history puzzle, because altered resource supply (e.g. food) usually has parallel effects on both growth rate and adult body size. During the life-history, resources can be allocated towards either maturation or growth, giving rise to the well-known trade-off between early maturation at a small size or late maturation at a larger size. One explanation for the TSR could be that higher temperatures shift this trade-off towards early maturation. Another explanation is related not to energy expenditure, but its acquisition. Oxygen is used to metabolize food and generate energy and is thus central to an organisms’ scope for growth. Breathing underwater is challenging, as the availability of oxygen is orders of magnitude lower than in air. Respiratory surfaces are relatively smaller in larger organisms (lower surface area to volume ratio). Hence, oxygen could be the key resource limiting growth in aquatic ectotherms. The SCOPE project will test the hypothesis that for aquatic ectotherms, oxygen limitation underlies temperature effects on growth and size at maturity. A key aim is to integrate life-history theory and respiration physiology to understand and predict the ecological consequences of temperature, through its effect on metabolism, growth, reproduction and survival in aquatic ectotherms.

Keywords: l405 metabolism,l402 comparative physiology,l801 ecology
EARLY MEDIEVAL CHURCHES: HISTORY, ARCHAEOLOGY AND HERITAGE (EMCHAHE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-CIG, 2012)
Start date: 2013-07-01
End date: 2017-06-30
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This research project at the Institute of Heritage Sciences (INCIPIT) of the Spanish Council for Research (CSIC), aims to generate new scientific knowledge on the archeology and history of the early medieval rural churches and their value for cultural management in Galicia, in Northwest Spain. In this sense, this proposal aims to create a fruitful link between the applicant’s historical-archaeological research background and skills and the opportunities to learn and to develop a cultural heritage outreach project. At a historical level, churches will be here understood, beyond as mere physical constructions, like real vehicles and expressions of social interactions, at different levels, in the period of crutial changes between 5th and 11th centuries. All the evidences will be compilled, for the fist time, through an interdisciplinary methodology (archaeology, texts, places names... integrated in a GIS) and studied from a contextualized and comparative european perspective. Results will be disseminated by means of several impact publications. Regarding the heritage perspective this project aims to allow the applicant to learn how to re-direct all this knowledge towards a proper and effective management and comunication of the important and rather unknown heritage value of the remains of these buildings: architectural, archaeological (unearth or visible), artistic, documentary or even toponymic. Both objectives are interrelated since only an adequate historical knowledge allows for a correct heritage management.

Keywords: medieval archaeology,atlantic europe,history,rural landscapes
Investigating the role of transporters in invasive migration through junctions (IRTIM)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Austria
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-CIG, 2012)
Start date: 2013-04-01
End date: 2017-03-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The ability of cells to move invasively through the cellular junctions of the endothelial vasculature underlies the function of the immune system and the metastatic spread of cancer. How the invading and the invaded cells communicate to synchronize their actions during this behavior remains unclear. We are studying these questions using the developmental migration of Drosophila immune cells through an epithelial barrier. We have identified many mutants required for this process in a preliminary screen and are particularly intrigued by 5 transporter genes. These are excellent candidates to be transmitting coordinating signals between the immune cells and the epithelia and will be the focus of this proposal. We seek to determine which of these transporters are specific for invasive migration and could act at the cell surface to facilitate signal transmission; we will pick one which fits this criterion and create a null allele of it. We will then investigate what process this transporter affects. We have shown previously that invasion requires changes in adherens junctions and integrin affinity through the relocalization of an integrin modulator Rap1. We will examine our chosen mutant in these assays, and develop new ones to assess volume changes and chain migration if needed. Then we will determine if the role in junctional penetration that we identify for this gene in Drosophila is also conserved in vertebrate immune cells. Thus our work will identify a new component for invasion, the process it plays a role in and its relevance for important vertebrate physiology.

Keywords: cell migration,junctional invasion,transporters,metastasis,immune cell,drosophila,extravasation,transmigration,integrin,adherens junctions
SNORD104 gene-encoded microRNA and its role in immune homeostasis (SNORD104 MICRORNA)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-CIG, 2012)
Start date: 2014-01-01
End date: 2017-12-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

MicroRNAs constitute an essential, evolutionary conserved mechanism of posttranscriptional gene expression regulation and thereby affect almost all biological processes including immune functions. In a comprehensive small RNA profiling study we identified a new, Snord104-derived microRNA, miR-145561, which is highly expressed in activated mature lymphocytes. To investigate the role of this lymphocyte-predominant microRNA we generated miR-145561 knockout mice. Aging miR-145561-deficient mice present with splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy and show an increased frequency of germinal center B cells and memory CD4 T cells. In vitro, miR-145561-deficient B cells and T cells are hyper-responsive to innate and adaptive immune receptor stimulation. In addition, miR-145561-deficient T cells show a propensity to differentiate into IL-17 producing cells. These preliminary data strongly suggest that miR-145561 plays an essential role in immune homeostasis through its function as a non-redundant negative regulator of innate and adaptive immune receptor signaling in mature lymphocytes. The goal of the current research proposal is to investigate the function of miR-145561 in immune homeostasis and lymphocyte function through the following experimental strategy: I) identification, validation and functional evaluation of miR-145561 targets in lymphocytes; II) examination of adaptive immune responses to T cell-dependent and T cell-independent antigens in miR-145561-deficient and -proficient mice; III) investigation of the susceptibility of miR-145561-deficient mice to spontaneous autoimmunity and how miR-145561-definciency affects disease onset and severity in autoimmunity prone mice; and IV) to investigate the function of the human miR-145561 homolog. This project sheds light into the mechanisms by which microRNAs regulate immune homeostasis and contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and other inflammatory disorders.

Keywords: l101 molecular biology and interactions,l602 adaptive immunity,l604 immunosignalling,l605 immunological memory and tolerance,l208 epigenetics and gene regulation
Dynamical controls on regional aspects of climate change (DCRACC)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-CIG, 2012)
Start date: 2013-06-01
End date: 2017-05-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

It is now apparent that climate change is occurring and will continue to occur, and many sectors of society have a growing need for accurate information concerning the nature and extent of this change, at a regional scale, on various timescales to consider together with other risk factors in their planning. Computer models based on fundamental physical laws are our primary tool for predicting climate change. However, these models exhibit a disturbingly wide range of projections of future climate change even when forced by the same greenhouse-gas scenarios, especially when examined at the regional scale. This model divergence is presumably related, at least in part, to systematic model errors in the large-scale fluxes of heat, moisture and momentum that control regional aspects of climate. That these errors stubbornly persist in spite of increases in the spatial resolution of the models suggests that they are associated with errors in the representation of unresolved processes, whose effects must be parameterised. Narrowing the range of uncertainty in climate-model projections represents a key challenge for climate science over the coming decades. My research will focus on the dynamical aspects of this problem, and their implications for regional aspects of climate change. My previous climate research in Canada was focused on the stratosphere, with increasing emphasis on connections to the troposphere, using a climate model known as the Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model (CMAM). Now that I am in the UK, I intend to apply my knowledge and experience to tackle pressing outstanding issues in regional aspects of tropospheric climate change. The University of Reading provides a fantastic opportunity for this as its Meteorology Department is one of the top centres in the world for climate dynamics. I will retain a collaboration with my Canadian colleagues and will thus be able to take continued advantage of this expertise in developing my research programme within Europe.

Keywords: v201 meteorology - atmospheric physics and dynamics,v201 climatology and climate change
Synaptic functions of integrin-mediated cell adhesion in physiological conditions and autism-related abnormalities in mice (SYNAMPADHESION)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Italy
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-CIG, 2012)
Start date: 2013-03-01
End date: 2017-02-28
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Brain function critically depends on how neurons communicate with each others at specialized contact sites, the synapses. Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are key synaptic proteins that provide the molecular framework for organizing structural and functional aspects of synaptic connections. However, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. We do not know how CAMs dynamically regulate synaptic strength in response to trans-synaptic interactions and how alterations in the function of some CAMs lead to neurodevelopmental disorders. We will investigate how the CAMs integrins, present on the postsynaptic side of excitatory synapses, control synaptic efficacy by regulating the properties of glutamate receptors in response to extracellular ligand binding, and how autism-related abnormalities in mice arise from dysfunctions in synaptic integrins. To this end, we will use a multidisciplinary approach to investigate brain function at the molecular, synaptic and behavioral level: we will employ STORM microscopy to examine the physiological relevance of integrin interactions for the submicroscopic organization of synapses, we will use integrin KO mice and viral injections to manipulate expression and activity of integrins in specific neurons, we will investigate synaptic function by electrophysiology in ex vivo brain slices and we will perform behavioral studies in live animals. Findings at all levels will be tightly correlated to understand how alterations in the nonlinear relationship between molecules, synapses and networks translate into behavioral impairments. The applicant has an internationally recognized broad expertise in synaptic physiology and cell adhesion, acquired while at UCL (UK) in the laboratory of Dr. Goda, who has now relocated her research group to RIKEN (Japan). A successful integration of the applicant in IIT (Italy) will contribute to retain in Europe unique scientific knowledge and create lasting scientific collaborative networks.

Keywords: l502 molecular and cellular neuroscience,synapse,cell adhesion molecule,integrin,glutamate receptor,ampar,autism,electrophysiology
Characterizing Regulatory Principles in Platelet Surface Receptors Via X-ray Crystallography and Small-molecule Design (PLATELET RECEPTORS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-CIG, 2012)
Start date: 2013-03-01
End date: 2017-02-28
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Signaling via platelet surface receptors is essential for maintaining hemostasis and thrombosis, and plays key roles in pathophysiological processes related to development, immune responses and cancer. Despite their vital roles, important aspects of their regulation mechanisms remain unknown due to inherent flexibility and multilayered activation. I propose to embark upon a new approach to investigate the dynamical processes by which platelet receptors are regulated using a combination of x-ray crystallography, electron microscopy, biochemistry, bioinformatics and small-molecule design. My goal is to decipher the atomic mechanistic details of the relationship between ligand-binding, dynamics, activation and transduction of signals in platelet receptors, which would facilitate the development of accurate interventions with their cellular processes, namely drugs that will target a range of cardiovascular conditions. My working hypothesis is that small molecules that act as allosteric regulators can uncover new principles in the regulation mechanisms of these receptors, and can intervene in protein function and nucleate drug discovery efforts. Accordingly, I aim to identify and characterize small molecules that target allosteric sites in these signaling receptors, which are expressed on cell surfaces and bind ligands in the extracellular matrix, making them particularly accessible to exogenous modulation in-vivo.

Keywords: l107 structural biology,l108 biochemistry of signal transduction,l211 computational biology,l407 cardiovascular diseases,l210 bioinformatics
Technological Evolution, Social Processes and Environmental Impact as Reflected in Bronze and Iron Ages Copper Exploitation in Timna, Israel (the Central Timna Valley Project, CTV) (CTV)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-CIG, 2012)
Start date: 2013-03-01
End date: 2017-02-28
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The proposed project focuses on the complex relationships between past human societies and natural resources and the role technology and technological developments played in human-environment interactions and related social processes. The case study concerns Late Bronze and Iron Age (ca. 1500 – 500 BCE) copper exploitation at Timna, a remote valley in the desert of southern Israel. The project includes several seasons of field work and supplementary laboratory analyses, integrating tools from the Natural Sciences and anthropological perspectives. Several hitherto unexcavated smelting and mining sites will be surveyed and excavated in order to address a number of key issues in the archaeology of the southern Levant, the archaeometallurgy of copper and iron, and sustainability of early industrialized societies. More specifically, the proposed research will address questions concerning innovations in smelting technologies, the introduction of iron metallurgy and its related technological problems, historical issues concerning the nature of 13th – 9th c. BCE emerging desert polities (including the Kingdoms of ancient Israel and Edom) and the impact of the intense copper production on social processes, regional and global political interactions and the economy of the southern Levant throughout that time period. To address these issues, the project will put emphasis on stratigraphy and chronology (utilizing AMS radiocarbon dating, archaeomagnetic dating, and optically stimulated luminescence [OSL]), and on micro-archaeological investigation of metallurgical installations (utilizing portable XRF in the field, and several microscopic tools in the laboratory). As part of the project an online digital database will be implemented in order to facilitate the management of field and laboratory data and to eventually make the data, together with the project results and conclusions, available to the scientific community and the broad public.

Keywords: archaeometallurgy,copper production,iron age,bronze age,timna,technological invention,archaeomagnetism,osl,radiocarbon,microarchaeology,geoarchaeology,digital archaeology,cultural heritage
Rapid adaptation to varying odor concentration (RAPIDODORADAPTATION)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-CIG, 2012)
Start date: 2013-03-01
End date: 2017-02-28
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

In day-to-day life during navigation, hunting, escaping from predator and social interactions, animals rely on sensory information in general and on olfactory cues in particular. A general feature common to all forms of sensory processing is adaptation, whereby in the presence of continuous stimulation, sensory receptors exhibit a marked reduction in responsiveness. Perceptual adaptation attenuates neural and perceptual responses to sustained or redundant stimulation as means of enhancing the detection of new, transient stimuli. Rapid olfactory adaptation allows an animal to continually assess changes in odor environment and concentration that are essential to follow odor plumes and trails. Current research aims to provide first insight on neural representation of complex, dynamic input by the mammalian olfactory system. Here I propose to combine precise control of odor stimulus, electrophysiology and behavioral readout in mice to ask: how olfactory system represents changes in odor concentration and how this representation depends on the statistics of the olfactory input? At the first stage responses of the olfactory system to simple switches in odor concentration will be studied. This will gain insight into the role of adaptation in the olfactory system. A second project will study how the olfactory system adapts to a time-varying stimulus with the final goal to form a quantitative description of temporal adaptation. The current research will provide the first physiological recordings in mammals in response to controllable time-varying stimulus. I will use behavioral readout to find which features of the neural code contribute to perception. Moreover, recording M/T cell activity in the context of behavioral tasks will strengthen the link between specific activity patterns and odor intensity perception. Finally, correlating specific features of the response to choice trial-by-trial will identify the features most relevant to the animals’ perceptual decision

Keywords: l509 systems neuroscience,l806 animal behaviour,l504 sensory systems,l501 neuroanatomy and neurophysiology,olfactory bulb,odor coding,time-varying stimulus