Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Bayes or Bust: Sensible Hypothesis Tests for Social Scientists (BAYES OR BUST!)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The Human Mind and its complexity
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (ERC-2011-StG_20101124, 2011)
Start date: 2012-05-01
End date: 2017-04-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1498286.0
EU funding (EUR): 1498286.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The goal of this proposal is to develop and promote Bayesian hypothesis tests for social scientists. By and large, social scientists have ignored the Bayesian revolution in statistics, and, consequently, most social scientists still assess the veracity of experimental effects using the same methodology that was used by their advisors and the advisors before them. This state of affairs is undesirable: social scientists conduct groundbreaking, innovative research only to analyze their results using methods that are old-fashioned or even inappropriate. This imbalance between the science and the statistics has gradually increased the pressure on the field to change the way inferences are drawn from their data. However, three requirements need to be fulfilled before social scientists are ready to adopt Bayesian tests of hypotheses. First, the Bayesian tests need to be developed for problems that social scientists work with on a regular basis; second, the Bayesian tests need to be default or objective; and, third, the Bayesian tests need to be available in a user-friendly computer program. This proposal seeks to make major progress on all three fronts. Concretely, the projects in this proposal build on recent developments in the field of statistics and use the default Jeffreys-Zellner-Siow priors to compute Bayesian hypothesis tests for regression, correlation, the t-test, and different versions of analysis of variance (ANOVA). A similar approach will be used to develop Bayesian hypothesis tests for logistic regression and the analysis of contingency tables, as well as for popular latent process methods such as factor analysis and structural equation modeling. We aim to implement the various tests in a new computer program, Bayes-SPSS, with a similar look and feel as the frequentist spreadsheet program SPSS (i.e., Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). Together, these projects may help revolutionize the way social scientists analyze their data.

Keywords: bayesian statistical inference,hypothesis testing
Housing Markets and Welfare State Transformations: How Family Housing Property is Reshaping Welfare Regimes (HOUWEL)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Institutions, values, beliefs and behaviour
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (ERC-2011-StG_20101124, 2011)
Start date: 2012-02-01
End date: 2017-01-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1279785.6
EU funding (EUR): 1279785.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This project investigates how growing reliance on housing markets and family property wealth in meeting welfare and security needs is transforming contemporary welfare states. Home ownership normally constitutes a primary family node for the delivery and exchange of shelter, informal care and asset wealth, reducing household dependency on the state. Different modes of housing thereby influence welfare system development overall. In recent decades, increasing market values enhanced perceptions of housing property as a form of social security. Meanwhile, governments have encouraged home purchase as a means for households to accumulate housing assets, thereby insuring themselves against hardship. Understanding the role of housing tenure transformations in welfare system restructuring or the impact of housing markets on welfare regimes is, however, poorly developed. This study breaks new ground by examining how housing markets and welfare systems interact in different regime contexts. It focuses on welfare outcomes of housing as a private good and how housing sector differences influence both macro-state welfare arrangements and micro-household practices. This will advance understanding of how housing markets assume prominent roles in welfare system pathways and influence social stratification. This study will be realized through three sub-projects carried out in six countries that represent contemporary housing and welfare regimes: England, Germany, Romania, Italy, the Netherlands and Japan. 1) institutional studies and macro statistical comparisons will evaluate how frameworks of social and welfare security shape, and are shaped by, housing systems; 2) qualitative field studies will asses how families in different housing and welfare regimes perceive, use and exchange housing assets to enhance economic security and welfare capacity; 3) analyses of international panel data will address how households are affected by shifting welfare and housing market conditions.

Keywords: housing markets,home ownership,family property assets,welfare regimes
Neutron Scattering and Muon Spectroscopy Integrated Initiative (NMI3-II)

Framework: FP7 — Capacities
Programme: Research Infrastructures
Destination: Support to existing research infrastructures
Action type: Combination of CP & CSA
Countries involved: France,United Kingdom,Germany,Germany,Switzerland,Germany,France,Germany,Hungary,Netherlands,Czechia,Italy,Denmark,Denmark,Spain,Sweden
Call:  (FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES-2011-1, 2011)
Start date: 2012-02-01
End date: 2016-01-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 15897241.69
EU funding (EUR): 13349994.3
Participants: 20
Project status: CLOSED

Advanced solutions to the challenges that confront our technology-based society – from energy and environment to health – are crucially dependent on advanced knowledge of material properties down to the atomic scale. Neutron and Muon spectroscopy offer unique analytical tools for material investigation. They are thus an indispensible building block of the European Research Area and directly address the objectives of the Innovation Union Flagship Initiative. The knowledge creation via neutron and muon spectroscopy relies on the performance of a closely interdependent eco-system comprising large-scale facilities and academic and industrial users. The Integrated Infrastructure Initiative for Neutron and Muon Spectroscopy (NMI3) aims at a pan-European integration of the main actors within this eco-system. The NMI3 coordination effort will render public investment more efficient by harmonizing and reinforcing the services provided to the user community. It will thus directly contribute to maintaining Europe’s world-leading position. NMI3 is a comprehensive consortium of 18 partners from 11 different countries that includes all major providers of neutrons and muons in Europe. NMI3 exploits all tools available within I3s to realize its objectives. - Transnational Open Access will build further capacity for European users. It will foster mobility and improve the overall creation of scientific knowledge by providing the best researchers with the opportunity to use the most adapted infrastructures. - Joint Research activities will create synergies in innovative instrument development that will feed directly into improved and more efficient provision of services to the users. - Networking activities will reinforce integration by harmonizing procedures, setting standards and disseminating knowledge. Particular attention is given to train young people via the European Neutron and Muon School as well as through an e-learning platform.

Keywords: neutron scattering,muon spectroscopy,user access,european spallation source,innovative methods & techniques,imaging,nanoscale,biomaterials,detectors,e-learning,data standards,training
After the Ice: Postglacial hunter-gatherer lifeways (POSTGLACIAL)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The study of the human past
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2011-StG_20101124, 2011)
Start date: 2012-01-01
End date: 2016-12-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1497780.0
EU funding (EUR): 1497780.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The period of rapid global warming that took place at the end of the last Ice Age in NW Europe must have posed dramatic challenges for hunter-gatherers. This project aims to integrate high-resolution records of palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental change with the remarkable and newly emerging archaeological record of postglacial sites around palaeo-Lake Flixton, (Yorkshire, UK). Star Carr was first excavated in the 1940/50s and has since become internationally famous in the archaeological world for its remarkable discoveries. The site had been situated on the edge of a lake and the peat which had subsequently formed allowed excellent preservation of rare organic remains, a wooden platform of “brushwood”, a wooden platform/trackway made of split and hewn timbers (the earliest evidence of systematic carpentry in Europe) and the discovery of the oldest known structure/house in Britain. Recent excavation reveal that the site is much larger than previously imagined, the excavated area to date constituting less than 5% of the total occupation area. In addition, a less well-known site on the nearby Flixton Island also has potential to provide important information on occupation and adaptation to climate change during the early phases of the postglacial. There are 4 reasons why this site merits extensive excavation now. 1, The site is under serious risk of disappearing forever due to peat desiccation and fluctuating water table with unprecedented levels of acidity (below pH 3.0) which have seriously affected the organic remains; 2, I have assembled a strong team of interdisciplinary researchers; 3, further excavation will significantly push forward the frontiers of knowledge; 4, pilot studies demonstrate that palaeoclimatic and environmental proxy data survives and can be directly linked to human occupation episodes. It is a race against time, but here is still important and rare data to be collected from the Lake Flixton before it is too late.

Keywords: mesolithic,star carr,landscape,settlement
The nature of social-ecological linkages and their implication for the resilience of human-environment systems (SES-LINK)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Environment and society
Countries involved: Sweden
Call:  (ERC-2011-StG_20101124, 2011)
Start date: 2012-02-01
End date: 2017-01-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1284748.16
EU funding (EUR): 1284748.16
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The behaviour of social-ecological systems (SES) is determined by the interactions between actors, institutions and the resource systems they govern and depend on. The resulting social-ecological linkages and feedback loops determine a system’s resilience, i.e. its capacity to cope with and adapt to change. Understanding the dynamic coupling of human and natural systems has thus emerged as a major focus of international efforts to address challenges such as climate change and the sustainable use of natural resources. However, basic information and understanding of the resilience and dynamics of coupled SES is still lacking. The proposed research will advance the conceptual and empirical basis of resilience and our understanding of the dynamics of SESs by systematically investigating social-ecological linkages and their impact on system resilience using theoretical and empirically- based simulation modelling. The analysis will be based on four diagnostic case studies from water, marine ecosystem and land management iteratively combined with theoretical modelling of stylized cases. It will apply and further develop an ontological SES framework that facilitates interdisciplinary analysis and comparison of SES. As there is no single theory and method for the study of SESs we will develop new conceptual perspectives by combining insights and methods from various fields. The results of the case and linkage-specific investigations will be synthesized to identify generalities and patterns among types of linkages and their impacts on resilience. The consequences of these insights for natural resources management will be assessed. The research is innovative in that it takes both ecological and social dynamics of SES into account using formal methods to achieve a systematic and rigorous assessment of factors determining resilience. The ontological framework and integration of concepts and modelling methods will open new opportunities for research of the sustainability of SES.

Keywords: social-ecological systems,complex adaptive systems,agent-based modeling,ecological-economics,feedbacks
Demographic Uncertainty (DU)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Environment and society
Countries involved: France
Call:  (ERC-2011-StG_20101124, 2011)
Start date: 2012-03-01
End date: 2017-02-28
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1000000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1000000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The aim of my research project is to build a mathematical model for the quantitative assessment of the effects of demographic changes on economic activity. It is an ambitious project as it involves the integration of the latest developments in demographic and economic models. It is also highly innovative as it proposes an original treatment of demographic uncertainty. Most existing models consider demographics as a deterministic variable and foresee a set of scenarios. At best, the models incorporate demographics as a risk variable and assume that agents know the stochastic process underlying the demographic dynamics. In the present research project, I wish to build a demographic-economic model in which the future demographics are uncertain. This will have three consequences. First, individual decisions are different and depend on the individuals' attitudes towards uncertainty. Second, the aggregation of individual decisions is more complex, especially because of the fact that the latter are not necessarily temporally consistent. Third, the approach to economic policy is renewed. The government is not necessarily perceived as an omniscient being who corrects market dysfunctions, but rather, it is itself under uncertainty and must compromise with the choices made by agents.

Keywords: population ageing,life-cycle choices,demographic-economic models
The impact of DEmographic Changes on Infectious DisEases transmission and control in middle/low income countries (DECIDE)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Environment and society
Countries involved: Italy,United Kingdom,Kenya
Call:  (ERC-2011-StG_20101124, 2011)
Start date: 2012-04-01
End date: 2017-12-31
Duration (months): 69.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1210000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1210000.0
Participants: 3
Project status: CLOSED

Population structure and change and social contact patterns are major determinants of the observed epidemiology of infectious diseases, including the consequences on health. Demographic structure and the components of demographic dynamics are changing over time and substantially differ within countries and most critically between countries. However, some of the overall consequences of demographic changes remain unclear, though urbanisation and fertility decline will certainly have a profound impact on social structures, family composition and, as a consequence, on disease spread and on the identification of effective public health measures. DECIDE will explore the following questions: 1. What are the major short- and medium-term impacts of demographic changes on the patterns of infectious disease (morbidity and mortality)? 2. How are these demographic changes affecting contact patterns that are of fundamental importance to the spread of infectious diseases? Are there new and different modes of transmission within and between populations? 3. What are the implications of demographic changes for infection control strategies? What is the interplay between demographic changes and public health policies in shaping future trajectories of infectious diseases? In order to answer these questions, DECIDE will use the following strategy: analyse harmonised demographic and health survey data (DHS), and health and demographic surveillance system data (HDSS); develop new estimates of social contact patterns and other socio-demographic variables collecting data from representative samples of both urban and rural settings in selected countries; develop a theoretical framework to predict the likely chains through which demographic change influences the burden of infectious diseases; develop and parameterise mathematical population models for the transmission of infectious diseases to evaluate the impact of public health measures under changing demographic conditions.

Keywords: demography,demographic transition,population,epidemiology,infectious diseases,developing countries,public health
Roll-to-roll manufacturing of high efficiency and low cost flexible CIGS solar modules (R2R-CIGS)

Framework: FP7 — Cooperation
Programme: Nanosciences, Nanotechnologies, Materials and new Production Technologies - NMP
Destination: Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies
Action type: Collaborative project
Countries involved: Netherlands,Switzerland,Germany,Germany,United Kingdom,Finland,Spain,Netherlands,Austria
Call:  (FP7-NMP-ENERGY-2011, 2011)
Start date: 2012-04-01
End date: 2015-09-30
Duration (months): 42.0
Total project cost (EUR): 9635797.75
EU funding (EUR): 7021501.0
Participants: 11
Project status: CLOSED

CIGS solar module technology on rigid glass substrate is already mature and industrial companies are producing hundreds of MWp each year. Bringing flexible CIGS solar modules to industrial maturity will yield the next breakthrough for further cost reduction by taking into account the inherent advantages of thin film technology, e.g. high throughput and large scale coating with less energy and material consumption. The aim of R2R-CIGS is to develop efficient flexible solar modules by implementing innovative cost-effective processes such that production costs below 0.5 €/Wp can be achieved in large volume factories with annual capacity of 500MWp in future. The main objectives of this project are: • Flexible solar cells on polymer film with 20% efficiency and mini-module with 16% efficiency by control of composition gradient, surface, and interface properties on nano-scale • Transfer of innovative buffer layer process for roll-to-roll manufacturing and replacing problematic CBD-CdS by higher yield processes such as (spatial) ALD and ultrasonic spray • Developing fully laser based patterning technology for monolithic interconnection in R2R pilot-line • Scale-up of static multi-stage CIGS deposition process from laboratory scale towards inline R2R compatible processes • Implementation of the up-scaled multi-stage CIGS deposition process into pilot lines for R2R manufacturing of flexible CIGS modules • Development of moisture barrier with WVTR < 5x10-4 g/m2/d and cost-effective encapsulation • Decrease cost of ownership for enabling production costs below 0.5 €/Wp for a commercial plant with annual production of 500 MWp in future

Keywords: thin film cigs roll-to-roll manufacturing
Coastal Frontiers: Water, Power, and the Boundaries of South Asia (CFRONTIERS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The study of the human past
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2011-StG_20101124, 2011)
Start date: 2012-01-01
End date: 2015-06-30
Duration (months): 42.0
Total project cost (EUR): 606654.96
EU funding (EUR): 606654.96
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

'Coastal Frontiers' will involve the Principal Investigator, Dr Sunil Amrith, and a post-doctoral research assistant, in a study of the Bay of Bengal’s coastal rim from the late-nineteenth century to the present. This project will illuminate the entangled political and ecological history of the coastal arc stretching from India’s southern tip to the edge of the Malay Peninsula. It will combine macro-level perspectives on environmental change, contingent histories of transformations in political sovereignty, and local histories of coastal peoples. It seeks to examine how people have actually inhabited the coastal borderlands of Asia, and the contrasting ways these worlds appear through the eyes of states, or in the minds of coastal ecologists. It will focus on key coastal sites at the frontiers of ecological change, at the frontiers between empires and nations, at the frontiers between terrestrial and maritime law. The project will examine the deeper history of environmental change and political conflict in a region that is now particularly vulnerable to climate change, and at the fault-lines of strategic conflict between India and China. The project will build on the Principal Investigator’s recent work at the frontiers of scholarship in Asian history, through his studies of the links between South and Southeast Asia’s histories of migration and oceanic connection. It is time, now, to root this re-conceptualization of Asia’s regional frontiers in a closer study of environmental change, but to do so in a way that does not lose sight of the experiences and consciousness of individuals. This represents a new departure in scholarship, combining environmental history with the history of transnational flows, bridging insights from the humanities and ecological science. This ambitious project seeks new ways for historians to engage with questions of planetary change, without losing the fine-grained detail and hard archival research that has characterised our discipline.

Keywords: environmental history,south asia,regionalism,frontiers,borderlands,climate change,coastal societies,connected history,globalization,mobility,india,southeast asia,ecology,sustainability