Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
The Limits of Demobilization, 1917-1923: Paramilitary Violence in Europe and the Wider World (LIMOD)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The study of the human past
Countries involved: Ireland
Call:  (ERC-2009-StG, 2009)
Start date: 2009-09-01
End date: 2014-02-28
Duration (months): 54.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1199386.44
EU funding (EUR): 1199386.44
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The purpose of the proposed project is to think afresh about the violent aftermath of the Great War and its legacies. This will be achieved by forging a team of researchers who focus on the violent conflicts that erupted in many of the former combatant states after 1917/18 from a comparative or transnational global perspective and the ways in which these conflicts were avoided in other areas. The project will differ from previous attempts to analyse the violent transition from war to peace in this period in several ways: The first is its comparative and transational complexion. Despite recent attempts to write transnational histories of the Great War, the global history of its immediate aftermath is yet to be written. War and the politics of conflicts (and its aftermaths) are still largely studied according to divisions of national identity or ethnic difference. And yet clearly the First World War was a phenomenon that crossed frontiers and left legacies that posessed common themes. Indeed one of its consequences, especially in East-Central Europe but also in the shatter-zones of the Ottoman Empire and colonial contexts, was the destruction of frontiers, creating spaces without order or unquestioned government authority. The project will thus approach its subject matter by zones of victory, of defeat, and of mutilated or ambivalent victories rather than nation-states as a novel way of overcoming nation-centric frameworks of analysis. In terms of chronological scope, the investigation moves away from the traditional emphasis on the years 1914-18 as the crucible years of twentieth-century history. Furthermore, the project is at once European and global, investigating the emergence of violent conflicts in both the shatter-zones of European land empires and colonial conflicts.

Keywords: paramilitary violence,global history,great war
Research into Impacts and Safety in CO2 Storage (RISCS) (RISCS)

Framework: FP7 — Cooperation
Programme: Energy
Destination: CO2 capture and storage technologies for zero emission power generation
Action type: Collaborative project
Countries involved: United Kingdom,Greece,Italy,United Kingdom,United Kingdom,Norway,Sweden,United Kingdom,Canada,United States,France,Germany,Germany,Netherlands,United Kingdom,Australia
Call:  (FP7-ENERGY-2009-1, 2009)
Start date: 2010-01-01
End date: 2013-12-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 5258119.0
EU funding (EUR): 3958530.0
Participants: 23
Project status: CLOSED

Although significant leakage from CO2 storage sites is not expected, if it did occur there could be adverse environmental consequences, which are not well constrained. The objective of RISCS is to provide fundamental research on environmental impacts, necessary to underpin frameworks for the safe management of CO2 storage sites. To achieve this, RISCS will quantitatively assess environmental impacts from exposure to known CO2 fluxes. The assessments will be based on field laboratory experiments, measurements at natural leakage sites and numerical simulations, for both marine and terrestrial ecosystems. This will provide new constraints on the impacts of CO2 leakage on humans and onshore and offshore ecosystems. RISCS will provide the underpinning information necessary to: 1. Rigorously evaluate the safety of different storage sites 2. Carry out Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) over different timescales 3. Design storage sites to minimise hazards 4. Help to design near surface monitoring strategies 5. Refine storage licence applications and conditions 6. Develop a framework to communicate the safety of storage to key stakeholders This approach will meet the requirements of OSPAR and the EC Directive both in ensuring environmental protection and the planning of near surface monitoring programmes. The US EPA has recently published rules for CO2 storage, and a ‘Vulnerability Evaluation Framework for geological sequestration of CO2’. RISCS will build on this approach, creating a similar framework addressing European needs. In order to meet these objectives we have assembled a team with very specific and focussed expertise, enabling us to assess both northern and southern European impacts scenarios, onshore and offshore. To maintain a full external perspective on the research, from both scientific and public acceptance viewpoints, we have enlisted leading CCS experts from CSLF partner countries, two NGOs, the IEA GHG programme and industry.

Keywords: co2 storage,environmental impacts,safety
The social fabric of virtual life: A longitudinal multi-method study on the social foundations of online gaming (SOFOGA)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: ERC Starting Grant Interdisciplinary Panel
Countries involved: Germany,Germany
Call:  (ERC-2009-StG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-01-01
End date: 2014-12-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1840200.0
EU funding (EUR): 1840200.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

Online games have developed into mainstream entertainment: a growing number of gamers communicate and interact in virtual worlds - and spend a good part of their spare time there. However, research has yet to adequately acknowledge this socio-cultural shift toward the mainstream: psychological 'effects' studies and anecdotal case descriptions remain the dominant approaches. The proposed research programme follows a different approach, focusing on the social foundations of online gaming in a holistic way, revolving around the central question of how social order is built and organised in online game environments; i.e., how this affects the so-called 'real life' (the 'out-of-the-game' experience) of the user - and vice versa: how real life affects the experience 'in' the game ('virtual life'). Both the virtual and real lives of the users, as well as the interrelations between the two, will be analysed with reference to social micro-, meso- and macro-levels. The research will start on the macro-level: the first step involves an analysis of the economic and regulatory background to online gaming, based on expert interviews. Overview data on the general status of the social phenomenon will be collected via a survey, using a pre-selected sample drawn from an omnibus study. On the meso-level, the structure of specific user groups will be explored via interviews and observations in real life and in the virtual worlds (immersive research). On the micro-level, the integration of online gaming into the everyday life of individual users will be studied via guided interviews and observations, again both in-game and in real life. All research steps will be repeated using a panel design with three waves, enabling the documentation of temporal changes in this dynamic field.

Keywords: online games virtual worlds new media communication studies social research economy statistics
The Mamlukisation of the Mamluk Sultanate. Political Traditions and State Formation in 15th century Egypt and Syria. (MMS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The study of the human past
Countries involved: Belgium
Call:  (ERC-2009-StG, 2009)
Start date: 2009-10-01
End date: 2014-09-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1200000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1200000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

I aim to radically reconsider standard views of late medieval Islamic history. Positing that prosopographical research will allow for a welcome reconstruction of the political traditions that dominated the Syro-Egyptian Mamluk sultanate in the 15th century, I endeavour to show how new traditions emerged that were constructed around the criterion of military slavery, and how this actually reflects a process of state formation, which puts this regime on a par with emerging European states. Mamluk history (1250-1517) tends to be approached through a decline prism, as almost all studies presuppose that a static mamluk/military slavery system was the backbone of the political economy that came under increasing pressures from the 14th century onwards. In my research, I have demonstrated how this view of the 14th century, in particular, is totally incorrect, suggesting that it was only in the 15th century that crucial political transformations took place in the region. My proposed research now aims to qualify the latter hypothesis and to reconstruct the dynamics of these transformations, via a thorough examination of the interplay between individuals, institutions, and social interactions in the course of 15th-century political events, as detailed in the massive corpus of contemporary source material. Results will be generated in three stages: via prosopographical study; through separate, but inter-related studies on the main research constituents (individuals, institutions, interaction); and in a book-length synthesis on political traditions. In the longer term, validation of this hypothesis will enable me to address fundamental new questions in pre-modern (Islamic) history, as part of trans-cultural processes common to all Euro-Mediterranean core regions.

Keywords: mamluk history (1412-1517) - prosopography - political traditions - individuals,institutions and social interactions - mamlukisation - state formation
Forced labour: an Afro-European heritage in sub-Saharan Africa (1930-1975)? (FORCEDLABOURAFRICA)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The study of the human past
Countries involved: Germany,Portugal
Call:  (ERC-2009-StG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-09-01
End date: 2015-02-28
Duration (months): 54.0
Total project cost (EUR): 665550.0
EU funding (EUR): 665550.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

This project analyses the structures of colonial systems of forced labour, in an attempt to come to a comparison of the different trajectories of African populations under distinct European administrations. Through the interpretation of case studies from different West African and Central African territories, it will be possible to understand the techniques of organising an involuntary labour force, and their evolution until and beyond independence. The slow process of the abolition of forced labour from World War II did not exclude continuities in clandestine practices of forcing African (rural) populations to work without remuneration. Another form of continuity connects colonial practices to the postcolonial re-institution of systems of forced labour: many postcolonial African governments were inclined to rely themselves on respective practices under the impression of dire budgetary situations. The different case studies will highlight the existence of forced labour as an Afro-European heritage in the social structures of African societies, and link that heritage back to the experiences of African populations in the local arena. For cases from Ghana, Senegal, São Tomé e Príncipe, and a larger Central African region consisting of sub-cases from Angola, Gabon, and Zambia, the project will address the question how structures of and changes in forced labour had an impact on relations of power inside of the local societies. In particular, forced labour was, in the colonial period, not only a means for colonial officials to shape socio-economic realities in the colonies according to their ideas, but it also was an instrument in the hands of chiefs ( traditional rulers ) who were eager to employ it as a weapon to discipline any existing opposition among their populations. African voices, both from archival sources and from interviews, will be in the focus of this analysis: they will show the importance of the particular experience of forced labour for African social evolution

Keywords: colonialism,labour,repression,sub-saharan africa,traditional rule,rural societies,continuities,post-colonial abuses,heritage
Culture, Cooperation and Economics (TRUST)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Institutions, values, beliefs and behaviour
Countries involved: France
Call:  (ERC-2009-StG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-01-01
End date: 2014-07-31
Duration (months): 55.0
Total project cost (EUR): 988376.0
EU funding (EUR): 988376.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

My research project TRUST aims at looking at the links between culture of cooperation, economics and institutions, with causality running in both directions. The first step is to assess the causal effect of cooperation on economic decisions and happiness. Social attitudes such as trust seems a prerequisite to expand economic exchanges, in particular in modern societies characterized by the increased complexity of information and relations with anonymous others. Cooperative beliefs might also directly affect happiness by reducing the feelings of risks that humans have to cope with in modern societies. The second step of my research is to look conversely at the effect of economic policies on social attitudes. I will assess the effect of human resources management and welfare state policies on cooperation within organizations and the society. I propose cutting-edge methods to carry on this research agenda. First, I will track social and economic attitudes on the cyberspace by using a Medialab. The development of new communications technologies has triggered a revolution in the social traces that citizens leave simply by using digital technologies. The available data reservoirs on the web are colossal and can provide a new way to relate self-reported social and economic attitudes. I will also provide to the civil society new instruments of reflexivity on the state of social and economic cooperation. Second, I will introduce the new tools of randomized experiments in the sphere of social sciences to estimate the impact of economic policies on social attitudes. I will run these experiments in the context of the management of human resources to understand how inequalities and organizational structure can influence cooperative attitudes.

Keywords: trust,cooperation,culture,economics,institutions
Default and Collateral in Financial Markets (DCFM)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Individuals, institutions and markets
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2009-StG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-06-01
End date: 2012-06-30
Duration (months): 25.0
Total project cost (EUR): 156538.0
EU funding (EUR): 156538.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The main objective of this project is to research the economic implications of default and collateral in financial markets. It is motivated from the observation that much of the lending in modern economies is secured by some form of collateral and by the empirical fact that modern economies experience a substantial amount of default and bankruptcy. From a theoretical perspective, the research aims to explore new ways of modelling default and collateral and employ them to evaluate the impact of default and collateral on market outcomes. From a policy recommendation perspective, the research aims to develop models with testable implications that can be used by practitioners to discuss the consequences of a wide range of policies. In particular, to explore which kind of regulation procedures should be implemented in order to lower the risk of default and at the same time not to reduce too much risk-sharing. The agenda includes two research directions. The first research direction will focus on the implications of default and collateral in economies with bounded rational agents. Our aim is to understand how default and collateral affect market outcomes in environments where agents are allowed to have very divergent and therefore possibly incorrect beliefs about endogenous economic variables like future prices and delivery rates. The second research direction will focus on the implications of default and collateral in economies with an open ended horizon. Our aim is to investigate endogenous debt constraints that are compatible with equilibrium and simultaneously allow for as much risk sharing as possible.

Keywords: default,collateral,general equilibrium
Globalization, Optimal Policies and Growth (GOPG)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Individuals, institutions and markets
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (ERC-2009-StG, 2009)
Start date: 2009-09-01
End date: 2014-08-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 450000.0
EU funding (EUR): 450000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This project studies the challenges that policy makers face in a world where globalization is proceeding at high speed and knowledge creation is the key to prosperity. It consists of two main parts: one focuses on optimal growth policies, the other on policy externalities induced by market integration. The first part builds on the premise that fostering innovation requires appropriate regulations on product market competition and on Intellectual Property Rights. The following questions will be addressed. What are the optimal competition and IPR policies when economic growth requires both innovation and technology diffusion? Are competition and IPR policies complements or substitutes? How does the optimal policy mix change with economic development? How do optimal contractual relationships evolve with development? What are the misallocations created by market power when sectors and firms are heterogeneous in technology and in the exposure to foreign competition? Are trade liberalization and competition policy complements or substitutes? The second part studies the consequences of and remedies to the growing mismatch between economic and political borders created by globalization. The following questions will be addressed: Why does the size of governments increase with globalization? Does higher international factor mobility lead to a race to the bottom in taxation? What is the effect of trade openness on pollution and environmental regulations? Can globalization induce governments to adopt more stringent environmental regulations? Does market integration call for a reorganization of the world political structure? Can the tendency to reinforce supra-national entities and the process of political fragmentation within states be complementary reactions to globalization?

Keywords: optimal growth policies,policy externalities,globalization,innovation and standardization,competition,misallocations,intellectual property rights,public policy,environmental policy
Consciousness In basic Science And Neurorehabilitation (MINDREHAB)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The Human Mind and its complexity
Countries involved: Denmark
Call:  (ERC-2009-StG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-06-01
End date: 2015-05-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1641231.8
EU funding (EUR): 1641231.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This project studies the topic of human consciousness from a multidisciplinary perspective. Human consciousness can be defined as the inner subjective experience of mental states such as perceptions, judgments, thoughts, intentions to act, feelings or desires. These experiences are to be described from a subjective, phenomenal first-person account. On the other hand, cognitive neurosciences explore the neural correlates with respect to brain topology and brain dynamics from an objective third-person account. Despite a great interest in consciousness among cognitive neuroscientists, there are yet no general agreement on definitions or models, and no attempts to draw conclusions from the existing body of work to make progress in the treatment of patients. While it is generally the case that research in cognitive neuroscience has a minimal influence on clinical work in neurorehabilitation, this is very much the case in consciousness studies. Here, so far, there is no direct connection to clinical practice MindRehab will make use of an integrated approach to find new ways to understand cognitive dysfunctions and to actually rehabilitate patients with cognitive problems after brain injury. This integrated approach, using consciousness studies to create progress in a clinical area, is novel and does not exist as an explicit goal for any other research group in the world. The objective of MindRehab is to integrate three aspects: Philosophy and basic research on consciousness, and clinical work in neurorehabilitation. Furthermore, the objective is to realize a number of research projects leading to novel contributions at the frontier of all three domains. However, contrary to all other current research projects in this field, the emphasis is put on the latter the clinical work.

Keywords: consciousness,neurorehabilitation
The Foundation of Organization Design (ORGDESIGN)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Individuals, institutions and markets
Countries involved: United Kingdom,France
Call:  (ERC-2009-StG, 2009)
Start date: 2009-12-01
End date: 2012-11-30
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 378162.0
EU funding (EUR): 378162.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

Organization design refers to choices about the formal structure of organizations. While the study of organization design is not new, it is not current either. This proposal describes a series of theory development projects I aim to undertake over the next three years towards strengthening the foundations of organization design as an area of academic enquiry. The projects focus on a) interactions between incentive and coordination mechanisms b) an improved representation and framework for studying interdependence within and between organizations and c) the role of structure as a substitute for shared understanding. I draw on state of the art methodologies, which include computer simulation, statistical analysis, analytical modelling and lab experiments. Each project describes an overall theme rather than a specific study- I expect each project to eventually generate multiple publishable papers, and possibly provide a dissertation context for one or more PhD students. Given the emphasis on theory development in these projects, the primary support I need from ERC is for bought-out time and research assistance.

Keywords: organization structure organisation design