Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Memory control; Molecular mechanisms underlying the scope of immunological memory (MEMORY CONTROL)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-03-01
End date: 2017-02-28
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 75000.0
EU funding (EUR): 75000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

T cell mediated immunity protects us against pathogens and cancer. The naïve T cell pool consists of millions of clones, each one unique based on its T cell receptor (TCR). Upon infection, only a few of these clones are recruited to generate antigen-specific memory. Selection of memory clones is a trade-off between specificity and diversity; too much specificity restricts antigen-recognition, which precludes responsiveness against pathogens with small mutations. Too much diversity impairs efficiency of recall responses. Mechanisms controlling memory diversity are largely unknown. In this project I will identify and characterize the role of molecules that control memory cell diversity to answer the question whether optimal diversity is inherently present in the immune system or may be adjusted to benefit vaccine strategies. I will set up novel in vitro models for the generation of memory cells and analysis of the role of TCR-affinity on memory cell formation using murine cells. With this platform, I will perform high-throughput screening for the identification of potential target genes involved in the regulation of TCR affinity-dependent memory cell formation. In addition, a new mouse model will be generated for the specific deletion of genes in memory T cells. This system will be used to verify the in vivo effects of candidate genes on memory cell diversity. Finally, I will demonstrate the clinical relevance of our murine findings by corroborating our observations with novel human cell culture systems. In summary, I propose to investigate a currently underappreciated aspect of immunity. Our technological and scientific innovations ensure rapid generation of new, relevant and high-impact data. Elucidation of the mechanisms that mediate memory cell diversity are of high relevance, as it allows a more rational design of vaccines that require broad neutralizing (e.g. against influenza or HIV), or highly specific (e.g. against cancer) responses.

Keywords: cd8 t cell,memory,affinity,diversity,immunity
Deciphering the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis-induced cell proliferation (MECHAIP)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-03-01
End date: 2018-02-28
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Apoptosis-induced proliferation (AiP) is a recently discovered biological process that apoptotic cells are able to stimulate neighbouring cells to undergo additional proliferation. Studies in several model organisms including mammals have suggested that AiP is evolutionary conserved, and may have relevance to both tissue regeneration and tumourigenesis. Intriguingly, caspases, the proteases that normally execute apoptosis, have been implicated to play key roles in AiP through activation of their downstream growth signals. However, the underlying mechanism of AiP remains elusive. Systematic approaches are thus in need to dissect the regulatory network of AiP. By taking advantages of the developing Drosophila eye as an epithelium composed of both proliferating and differentiating tissues, our previous work has revealed that distinct mechanisms of AiP exist in tissues with different developmental potentials. In the proliferating tissue where cells are actively dividing, the initiator caspase (Caspase-9 like) coordinates apoptosis and AiP. While in the differentiating tissue where cells have exited the cell cycle, the effector caspases (Caspase-3 like) activate cell cycle re-entry. Built upon this finding, the goal of the proposed project is to obtain a comprehensive understanding of AiP. To achieve this, we have developed three sensitive and unique assays for analysis of AiP. By employing these assays together with proteomic approaches and systematic screens, we aim at (1) determining how caspases initiate AiP in apoptotic cells; (2) elucidating how Spitz/EGFR signalling, a growth signal that we identified mediating AiP, is activated; and (3) identifying and characterizing critical kinase regulators of AiP in both proliferating and differentiating tissues. Deciphering regulation of AiP in the proposed research will close gaps in our knowledge of AiP and may provide potential drug targets for regenerative medicine and cancer therapy.

Keywords: developmental biology,genetics,drosophila,apoptosis,cell proliferation,tissue growth
Climate change and risk: Exploring the corporate construction of climate change as risk in different industry settings (CLIMATE RISKS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-03-01
End date: 2018-02-28
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Climate change is one of the most pressing risks facing humanity. However, the way in which climate change is framed as a risk is also critical in shaping the forms of subsequent actions. The proposed Marie Curie Integration Grant (CIG) will enable the integration of Professor Nyberg in setting up a new research program in response to business engagement with climate change. The program's overall aim is to understand how businesses construct climate change as risks and the effect these constructions have on business and society. The succesful integration and research program will: a) develop a new risk based model in explaining corporate engagements with climate change, b) build research networks of academics and practitioners to enhance the research capacity of private and public organisations, and c) inform evidence based public policies for the U.K. and E.U.

Keywords: climate change,business risk,discourse
Bilateral computations in odor localization and its relation to behavior (BILATERALCOMPUTATION)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-03-01
End date: 2018-02-28
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The brain is composed of two hemispheres that communicate with each other. While tremendous progress has been made in recent years in understanding the role of each sub brain region, understanding how bilateral communications (BC) contribute to brain computations and behavior is poorly understood. BC is crucial for spatial localization as well as higher cognitive functions such as language and perception of self in humans. Investigating BC has been very difficult to address due to lack of appropriate tools. The recent advance in optogentic, high resolution imaging and multi-unit electrophysiology provides a new opportunity to tackle these questions. In this study I will focus on the BC involved in odor localization as a starting point to understand BC and neural circuits. Understanding odor localization can have an enormous impact on many aspects of our lives such as, pest control, pollution management and plant-insect communications. Furthermore, understanding BC can advance computer science by suggesting new computational approaches that are based on parallelism. We will start by characterizing odor localization ability in mice. Then we will scan for neurons involved in odor localization tasks by recording bilateral neural responses using multi-channel recording in relevant brain regions of behaving mice. To unravel the neural circuits underlying BC in odor localization we will apply imaging techniques to measure the bilateral neural responses of both OB neurons to odors delivered from different directions. We will investigate the role of information exchange between the two OBs by checking the effect of transecting the olfactory communication lines between the two hemispheres on behavior and the neural responses. Using optogentic, we will activate and deactivate particular neurons in one OB of transgenic mice while recording the activity of mirror neurons in the second OB. Our research is aimed to open a new research direction on bilateral brain computations.

Keywords: olfaction,bilateral computation,odour,localization,neural circuits,behavior
New Directions in Meta-Kernelization (METAKER)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-03-01
End date: 2018-02-28
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Preprocessing for the purpose of simplifying problem instances is a universal algorithmic technique applied in almost every software implementation. Understanding and assessing preprocessing techniques is therefore of crucial practical importance in computer science. Kernelization is a notion developed in the area of parameterized complexity that provides a the only known reasonable mathematical model for analyzing preprocessing of NP-hard problems. Kernelization algorithms (or kernels) are polynomial time procedures which produce equivalent instances of a given problem whose sizes are bounded by some problem specific parameter which is associated with the inputs. These type of algorithms have become the central research focus of the parameterized complexity community, with many papers on the topic appearing each year, and an annual international workshop devoted entirely to them. Of particular interest are so-called meta-kernels, who are single preprocessing algorithms that apply to a multitude of problems simultaneously. The current range of applicability of meta-kernelization is rather limited, and is restricted to certain subclasses of sparse graphs. This research proposal aims at remedying this situation by exploring new application domains for meta-kernelization. In doing so, we will explore new methods for obtaining such results, as well as obtain a better understanding of the limitations of current techniques. We suggest to look at three new directions: 1. The class of degenerate graphs which includes within it all classes of graphs for which meta-kernelization is currently known. 2. The class of claw-free graphs which is a non-sparse graph class, and whose structure has been recently unraveled due to the Chudnovsky-Seymour theory. 3. Meta-kernelization for structural parameterizations which measure structural aspects of the input rather than the solution size measured in standard parameterizations.

Keywords: theoretical computer science,parameterized complexity,algorithms,graph algorithms,kernels,polynomial kernels,meta-kernels,degenerate graphs,claw-free graphs,structural parameterizations
GreenShipping (GREENSHIPPING)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Denmark
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-03-01
End date: 2016-02-29
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 50000.0
EU funding (EUR): 50000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The project’s main innovation is attributed to the synthesis of its two main pillars, (a) maritime logistics research and (b) emissions-related research. With some exceptions, these two topics have been treated by and large separately in the literature and there is little within their interface. In that sense, the main objective of this project is to engage in cross-disciplinary research that is relevant for the area of ‘Green Maritime Logistics’, which is defined as an attempt to attain an acceptable environmental performance of the maritime transportation mode, while at the same time respecting traditional economic performance criteria. Furthermore, in reality several, and often contrasting, objectives should be considered when optimizing maritime transport. Our models will include bi-objective (such as total cost and emissions) and multiobjective optimization; hence making our approach more realistic. Another innovative aspect of the project concerns the link of the logistics/emissions research to its potential policy implications. There is quite a bit of activity in the policy/regulatory front on issues related to the problems examined by this project, but this tends to be fragmented and patchwork. The challenge is to model the real world well enough while still having a model that is tractable by the computers of today. Generic solvers can solve some of these models while in other cases research relies on algorithms like metaheuristics, branch-and-cut and column generation. The need of a holistic approach to formulate sensible policies is more than clear and this project will entail a connection to the policy dimension. By doing the above, the proposed research would offer significant added value and societal benefits due to a better environmental performance of shipping, as well as benefits to both private shipping companies and other operators. It would also enhance the state of knowledge in a research area, which is currently developing.

Keywords: maritime transportation,green logistics,ship air emissions,green routing and scheduling
SEA-ICE SHRINKING AND INCREASING HUMAN ACTIVITIES IN THE ARCTIC: WHAT RISKS FOR THE AVIAN BIODIVERSITY? (ARCTOX)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-03-01
End date: 2017-02-28
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 75000.0
EU funding (EUR): 75000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Climate change is leading to a rapid decline of sea-ice extent in the Arctic. This modification is bound to profoundly affect the functioning of Arctic marine ecosystems and understanding its impacts on the marine biodiversity is now a major issue raised by several international organizations. Among other threats, the expansion of ice-free areas is opening new shipping routes and increasing opportunities for extractive industries, thereby contributing to enhanced pollution at sea. With the present research project, I therefore propose to lead a comprehensive study of the indirect impacts of shrinking sea-ice cover on the arctic seabird community through the increase in the environment of two main oil-related pollutants levels (the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and the mercury). Study the seabird community is essential as they represent an essential component of Arctic marine ecosystems but are also extremely sensitive to pollution risks. Moreover, impacts of oil-related pollutants on seabirds have never been investigated at community and pan-Arctic scales. More specifically, I will use new and trans-disciplinary approaches combining pollutant analyses, biotelemetry, bioenergetics modelling and field monitoring to (1) evaluate how levels of oil-associated pollutants changed in the Arctic seabird community over the last three decades. (2) I will use field studies to investigate the impacts of these pollutants on the behaviour, ecophysiology, reproductive success and survival of Arctic seabirds from differently exposed regions. (3) I will model how increasing pollutant levels in the Arctic marine environment are modifying the distribution of the seabird community by affecting their energetic niche. (4) I will finally rely on an international and pan-Arctic sampling network to use the Arctic seabird community as bio-indicators of the state of pollution in the Arctic marine environment and to thereby define sensitive hotpots for Arctic marine organisms.

Keywords: arctic marine ecosystems,bio-indicators,conservation biogeography,ecotoxicology,global change,oil-related pollutants,seabird community,sea-ice
A New Molecular Approach for Designing Bio-Adhesive Materials (NEAT BIO-ADHESIVES)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-04-01
End date: 2018-03-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Closing wounds with tissue adhesives presents challenges, yet also offers a significant opportunity to revolutionize bleeding control and wound healing. While various formulations have been developed for soft-tissue adhesives, trade-offs between adhesive properties and toxicity have limited their clinical use. As a result, current products either act like sealants covering the wound (rather than adhesively joining its edges) or are limited to external surfaces, such as the skin and eyes. The objective of this grant proposal is to develop a novel approach for closing parenchymal wounds using a new class of adhesive materials with the properties of a strong tissue glue and minimal toxicity to surrounding tissues. The underlying assumption of this study is that neat (no water required as solvent), yet liquid polymer will overcome the limitations of currently used tissue adhesives.

Keywords: tissue adhesives,polymers,biomaterials,tissue regenerative,wound closure,toxicity,host response,medicinal chemistry
Transnational Histories of Children’s Media in a ‘Glocalised’ World (CHILDREN-MEDIA)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Denmark
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-03-01
End date: 2017-02-28
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 75000.0
EU funding (EUR): 75000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The collective research objective of my proposal is to explore, from a historical perspective, the dynamics involved when media products intended for a global market appear in a specific local setting, including the potential conflicts this creates. This exploration will have a particular focus on differences between globally intended production and local reception views of media’s role in children’s national enculturation. This objective will be pursued by carrying out the following research activities: 1) An individual research project focused on the appropriation and demarcation of the American children’s television programme Sesame Street in 1970s Europe. This project is the key focus of the proposal, as it will be my main research activity during my period as assistant professor. The project compares the transfer of Sesame Street from the US to Denmark/Scandinavia, Britain, West Germany and Italy. It investigates the reasons why the reception of the programme was so varied in the different countries in light of the national broadcasters’ view of TV’s role in children’s enculturation. 2) Starting the research group, Glocal Children's Media, in partnership with senior colleagues from my new Department. 3) Participation in the international research network Platform for a Cultural History of Children's Media (PLACIM).With a firm basis in my individual project, my research activities will advance knowledge in the fields of children’s media by: (1) Advancing the understanding of how local-global dynamics in production and appropriation of children’s media play out in relation to notions of childhood and national culture from a historical perspective. (2) Refining theoretical notions of comparative history and transfer history, particularly moments of cultural ‘demarcation’ and ‘glocalisation’. (3) Contribute insights into American and inter-European notions of the role of television in children’s enculturation.

Keywords: children,media,europe,contemporary history,television,glocalisation,transnational,demarcation,appropriation,sesame street,denmark,west germany,italy,britain,usa,comparison,transfer
New connections in low-dimensional topology: Relating Heegaard Floer homology and the fundamental group (HFFUNDGRP)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Life-long training and career development
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-04-01
End date: 2018-03-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Low-dimensional topology is a central and exciting area of 21st century research mathematics that has enjoyed a period of intense activity in recent years. On the one hand, steady progress in understanding the deep connections between group theory and three-manifold topology has led to the resolution of long-standing conjectures; on the other, the introduction of modern homological invariants (e.g. Heegaard Floer homology, Khovanov homology) have contributed new insight and perspective on old problems in low-dimensional topology while establishing a vibrant and active field of research exhibiting new ties to physics (e.g. recent work of Witten). This project will treat a major open problem, raised by Ozsvath and Szabo, that is positioned at the nexus of these two areas: PROBLEM: Establish a relationship between the fundamental group of a three-manifold and its Heegaard Floer theory. Heegaard Floer homology presents a new tool -- with origins in physics and gauge theory -- for investigating orientable three-manifolds that is both extremely powerful and inherently different from the fundamental group. While there are certainly hints that some aspects of the fundamental group might be captured by Heegaard Floer homology, perhaps the most surprising potential connection is formulated in joint work with Boyer and Gordon: CONJECTURE: An irreducible three-manifold is an L-space if and only if its fundamental group is not left-orderable. L-spaces are rational homology spheres with simplest-possible Heegaard Floer homology while left-ordersare auxiliary structures on a group. This project will make major progress on the PROBLEM above by approaching this CONJECTURE from a range of perspectives. It will employ and draw on techniques from representation theory and foliations, and make essential use of the most recent developments in Heegaard Floer theory and left-orderable groups. The results of the project will constitute major progress in low-dimensional topology.

Keywords: low-dimensional topology,three-manifolds,knots,links,invariants,khovanov homology,heegaard floer homology,categorification,fundamental group,left-orderable groups,foliations,l-spaces