Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Solidification of Earth's Primitive Mantle (SEPtiM)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Earth system science
Panel description: Physical geography, geology, geophysics, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, climatology, cryology, ecology, global environmental change, biogeochemical cycles, natural resources management
Countries involved: France
Call: ERC ADVANCED GRANT (ERC-2020-ADG, 2020)
Start date: 2021-09-01
End date: 2026-08-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2453000.0
EU funding (EUR): 2453000.0
Participants: 2
Project status: SIGNED

Earth’s mantle was extensively molten in its first 100 million years. Its solidification left a strong compositional and structural imprint on the mantle, still observable today in the geochemical and geophysical record. Isotopic variations in basalts and ancient crust reveal the existence of one or more mantle reservoirs that formed early in Earth’s history, and never fully remixed. Seismic tomography reveals large, chemically distinct, thermochemical structures in the lowermost mantle, anchored to the source of these anomalous basalts. These observations leave no doubt that the mantle still bears differentiated regions that preserve signatures of its solidification. However, their formation mechanisms and compositional evolution are still unknown. Unravelling those opens a new window in understanding the early stages of Earth and planetary evolution. The overarching question of this proposal: how did the primitive molten Earth solidify to form a tectonically and geomagnetically active planet? My goal is to address this question by investigating mantle crystallisation in the laboratory, by combining experimental petrology, thermodynamical modelling, and geodynamical simulations in a self-consistent fashion. I propose to assemble a multidisciplinary team to: (1) experimentally study the crystallisation sequence of relevant silicate melts in the laboratory under P-T conditions extending to those at of the depth of the core-mantle boundary, using a newly developed protocol in the laser-heated diamond anvil cell; (2) use these results to constrain a thermodynamical model of phase relations and compositions, and trace-element partitioning between solids and melts; (3) use DFT calculations to calculate the density and relative buoyancy of these solids and melts; (4) feed the thermodynamics and buoyancy as input to mushy two-phase 3D fluid dynamics simulations, to realistically simulate the dynamical and thermochemical evolution of Earth’s mantle as it solidified.

Keywords: experimentation at high pressure and temperature,ab initio calculations,thermodynamic modelling,geodynamical modelling
Transformation of Organic Dyes into Advanced Materials by Chemical Vapour Deposition (TODAM)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Chemistry
Countries involved: Luxembourg
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2020, 2020)
Start date: 2021-04-15
End date: 2023-04-14
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 178320.0
EU funding (EUR): 178320.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Conjugated polymers are drawing a constantly growing interest for modern energy technologies, particularly for the clean production of hydrogen fuel by visible-light photo-electrocatalytic water splitting. Although conjugated polymer catalysts are reported as stable, low cost and versatile materials, current synthetic approaches (solution-based) have prevented the study of the most interesting motifs and hindered the up-scaling of most conjugated polymers for practical applications. The central idea of the TODAM project builds on the recent achievements of the host group in the chemical vapour deposition (CVD) reaction of chromophore-based conjugated polymers, which will constitute a new field of research for the applicant. Notably, the TODAM project will combine the expertise of the applicant and the supervisor to expand far beyond the state-of-the-art of conjugated polymers while investigating the gas phase polymerisation of industrial dyes, i.e. DiketoPyrroloPyrrole (DPP) derivatives. In spite of their remarkable properties, including an exceptional light resistance and unique physicochemical properties, conjugated DPP assemblies remain a largely unexplored topic due to the lack of synthetic approaches. The broad knowledge of the applicant in organic chemistry, and more particularly his cutting-edge expertise in the field of functional dyes, will be used for the design and study of new homo- and copolymers. Finally, the scalability of the proposed CVD approach, readily forming thin films, will allow the integration of the new conjugated polymers as heterogeneous catalysts for photo-electrochemical water splitting. The formation, separation and transport of charges will be elucidated for the design and large-scale application of robust and efficient metal-free heterogeneous catalysts for the generation of clean solar-based fuels.

Keywords: chemical vapour deposition,conjugated polymers
The impacts of digitalised daily life on climate change (iDODDLE)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Consolidator grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Panel description: Political science, international relations, law
Countries involved: United Kingdom,United Kingdom
Call: ERC CONSOLIDATOR GRANTS (ERC-2020-COG, 2020)
Start date: 2021-10-01
End date: 2025-09-30
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1598465.0
EU funding (EUR): 1553850.55
Participants: 2
Project status: SIGNED

Tackling climate change requires changes to daily life in mobility, food, homes and energy domains. Digitalisation is a major trend reshaping daily life across all these domains. The digitalisation of daily life and its impact on resource consumption and emissions has not been studied systematically. A Tackling climate change requires changes to daily life in mobility, food, homes and energy domains. Digitalisation is a major trend reshaping daily life across all these domains. The digitalisation of daily life and its impact on resource consumption and emissions has not been studied systematically. A new integrated science is needed on digitalised daily life and climate change. This new field should look across domains at generalisable mechanisms, enabling conditions and steering strategies so digitalisation helps not hinders climate action. The aim of the iDODDLE project is to develop a new thematic, cross-domain, inter-disciplinary science of digitalised daily life in support of action on climate change. iDODDLE's research activities are organised in three work packages on people (micro-level), system conditions (macro-level) and action (policy and practice), drawing on two major new cross-cutting sources of primary data collection - a sample of 80 living lab households, and a longitudinal online survey panel of 6,000 respondents in UK, Sweden and Spain. iDODDLE will: (1) understand the ways in which digitalised daily life impacts climate change, including substituting physical for digital, accessing services instead of owning goods, and integrating households into supply networks; (2) determine the conditions under which digitalised daily life has beneficial or adverse impacts on climate change, including access to infrastructure, trust and power, and technophile lifestyles; (3) develop an evidence-based programme of action for ensuring digitalised daily life helps tackle climate change, including quantitative systems analysis of energy and material flows.

Keywords: households,information and communication technologies icts,energy and material flows,infrastructure,lifestyles
Experienced Researchers Incoming Fellowship Programme at the Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL Fellows)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Co-funding of regional, national and international programmes (COFUND)-Fellowship programmes
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call: Marie Skłodowska-Curie Co-funding of regional, national and international programmes (COFUND-FP) (H2020-MSCA-COFUND-2014, 2014)
Start date: 2015-07-01
End date: 2020-06-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 6796800.0
EU funding (EUR): 3398400.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

EPFL Fellows aims to attract experienced researchers of any nationality to EPFL - one of the leading European institutions of science and technology - to provide them with state-of-the art conditions for research in a top-class academic environment, to develop their leadership potential and to position them for success as future research leaders through an intensive training. EPFL Fellows is a relatively new programme; it started in 2013 with the support of the EU MCA-COFUND (FP7). Fellowships may be requested in any scientific discipline and run for a period of 24 months. In the context of this new COFUND proposal several new elements are introduced in EPFL Fellows to fine-tune the programme and align it with the principles set out by the EU for human resources development in Research and Innovation: i) the number of fellowships to be awarded is increased from 24 to 48; an appropriate increase in view of demand, of what EPFL can offer, and of the high selectivity of fellowships currently awarded, ii) fellows are asked to show elements of interdisciplinarity and cross-sectorial mobility in their research projects and are encouraged to carry out secondments in industry or different scientific environments, iii) employment conditions are improved by giving fellows access to Dual Career measures, iv) fellows are expected to actively participate in outreach activities, v) tangible measures are offered to facilitate transfer of technology to the market place through access to EPFL’s Tech Transfer Office and Innovation Square, vi) adaptations are made in the selection procedure to align it with the MSCA IF process and to externalize the evaluation of the proposals to the fullest extent possible while ensuring that the final decision-making process is managed in-house and hence under control. This proposal will take the “EPFL Fellows” postdoctoral fellowship programme to its next level, and open the doors of EPFL and Europe to two new cohorts of 24 promising scientists.

Keywords: postdoctoral fellowship,incoming,re integration
uKNEEversal: a miniaturized 3D in vitro model of human joint to gain new knowledge on Osteoarthritis pathophysiology (uKNEEversal)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Information Science and Engineering
Countries involved: Italy
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2018, 2018)
Start date: 2019-09-01
End date: 2022-04-29
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 171473.28
EU funding (EUR): 171473.28
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

uKNEEversal aims at generating a comprehensive in vitro human model of Osteoarthritis (OA) to fill lacks of existing pre-clinical tools and open perspectives to investigate OA mechanisms and therapies. Degenerative joint diseases, among which OA is the most prevalent, represent the second cause of disability worldwide. Available pharmacological options are limited and focus on the reduction of symptoms, being unable to factually reverse the pathology. One of the major obstacles towards the development of disease-reversing therapies is the gap of knowledge on OA mechanisms, linked to the lack of reliable OA pre-clinical models. Existing pre-clinical tools are currently not able to dissect OA complexity in terms of cross talks among compartments and molecular pathways affected. Although animal models may offer a complex enough model, they often fail in predicting typical human responses and recent legislation about 3R principle is pushing Pharma towards methods alternative to animals. In this regards, one ground-breaking goal in the field is the generation of an OA model able to reflect the complexity of the disease in vitro. To date, most in vitro OA models, based on traditional 2D and macroscale culture systems, are affected by sampling sites, poor scalability, and are too simplistic to recapitulate joint 3D architecture. As an alternative, human organs-on-chips (OOC) have been claimed able to transform many areas of basic research and drug development. OOC are in vitro tools that can recapitulate a human organ’s function better than traditional culture systems, in a miniaturized environment. Miniaturization has indeed showed an enhanced control leading to in vitro models recapitulating the native organ functions with accuracy hardly achievable at the macroscale. In this scenario, uKNEEversal aims at filling the gap of existing poorly predictive pre-clinical models generating an in vitro human osteoarthritic joint model through organs-on-chip technology.

Keywords: organs on chip,osteoarthritis,in vitro models,pre clinical tool,joint tissue engineering
Sprayable, Thin & RobUst Carbon Nanofiber ComposiTe for JUmping DRopwisE ConDensation (STRUCTURED)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Future and Emerging Technologies (FET)
Theme: EIC Pathfinder
Destination: Novel ideas for radically new technologies
Action type: Coordination and support actions
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call: FET Innovation Launchpad (H2020-FETOPEN-2018-2019-2020-4, 2020)
Start date: 2021-10-01
End date: 2023-03-31
Duration (months): 18.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This proposal focuses on providing a roadmap towards upscaling and commercialization of promising results obtained during the FET Innovation program HARMoNIC (grant No 801229). In particular, the coordinator partner (ETH Zurich) has developed a nanocomposite material to be coated on metallic steam condensers used in thermal power generation. The coating is composed of a mixture of polytetrafluoroethylene and carbon nanofibers and is superhydrophobic (i.e. minimal affinity to liquid water). The optimal wettability of the coating ensures that condensed droplets, even smaller than 100 μm, coalesce and spontaneously jump off the surface. Additionally, the coating is very thin (~ 2 μm) so that it has minimal thermal resistance for heat transfer. As a result, it shows a 9-fold improvement in heat transfer coefficient compared to conventional steam condensers wherein the steam condenses as an undesirable continuous liquid film. Moreover, our coating is highly robust and is the first one to sustain coalescence induced droplet jumping behavior over extended time periods under accelerated aging conditions involving exposure to hot steam flow. This enhanced mode of condensation, if maintained long enough, can provide a new direction on how future industrial condensers will be designed. We expect that such thermodynamically efficient condensers will have an immense socio-economic impact by reducing the fossil fuel consumption of thermal power plants and minimizing the associated emission of greenhouse gases. With this proposal, we plan to set the foundation for the commercialization of this technology by accomplishing the next three major steps to be followed. These are: 1) further material optimization beyond the state-of-the-art demonstration, 2) scaling up of the fabrication procedure and implementation of the technology to industrial condensers, and 3) developing a business plan and setting up a spin-off company while attracting venture capital.

Keywords: dropwise condensation,heat transfer,condenser,coatings,surface robustness,nanostructures,nanocomposites,coalescence induced droplet jumping
Redefining Variability: Evaluating Land Use and Transport Impacts on Urban Mobility Patterns (realTRIPS)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Panel description: Political science, international relations, law
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call: ERC STARTING GRANTS (ERC-2020-STG, 2020)
Start date: 2021-02-01
End date: 2026-04-30
Duration (months): 63.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1468363.0
EU funding (EUR): 1468363.0
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

Urban mobility analysis, advanced by the emerging fine-granularity location data (e.g. smart card data, mobile phone data and social media data), has received significant attention in recent years. It has become an important subject for understanding the functionality, ever-increasing dynamism and complexity of urban space. realTRIPS aims to open a new avenue of research in urban mobility analysis using emerging automatic data by developing an analytical and modelling framework, particularly addressing variability across spatial-temporal scales. I argue that the variability of urban mobility should not be simply interpreted as a number of errors, but indicators of changes in regular human behaviours impacted by land use and transport at different scales. A deeper understanding of variability and regularity would contribute to a more accurate prediction of urban development scenarios. The relevant theories and measures on variability have been long-researched in spatial statistics, but not well applied to the context of urban mobility studies. The proposed framework will take advantage of the research progress in multi-disciplines and leverage key concepts from uncertainty in spatial analysis, time geography, and land use transport planning. Under such framework, variability will be measured in mobility patterns and integrated as a function of space and time into operational urban models for predicting impact of land use and transport on people’s travel and location choices at different spatiotemporal scales. Case studies presenting typical urban contexts (i.e. London, Shenzhen, Nairobi) will be explored to demonstrate the feasibility and generic applicability of the theory, analytical methods and urban models.

Keywords: urban mobility,variability,mobility patterns,land use and transport planning
Mechanical Targeting as an Integrative Approach for Personalized Nanomedicine (MTrix)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Panel description: Medical technologies and tools for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of human diseases, therapeutic approaches and interventions, pharmacology, preventative medicine, epidemiology and public health, digital medicine
Countries involved: Israel
Call: ERC Starting Grant (ERC-2017-STG, 2017)
Start date: 2017-12-01
End date: 2023-05-31
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1499875.0
EU funding (EUR): 1499875.0
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

The ability to direct drug delivery to specific tissues is a central challenge in treating diseases as it determines the balance between drug selectivity and toxicity. Clinical drug failures, commonly due to safety issues or poor efficacy, are extremely costly to the pharmaceutical industry. In light of this, there is a global effort to develop Targeted Drug Delivery Systems (DDS) and Nanomedicine-based drugs to increase the therapeutic efficacy of a drug while substantially reducing its off-target exposure. In oncology, this issue is critical since chemotherapies have poor selectivity, thus causing severe side effects due to undesired systemic exposure. However, the enormous heterogeneity and dynamic nature of tumors makes it extremely challenging to identify universal target molecules. In this ERC I introduce a novel concept according to which the specificity of DDS can be dramatically enhanced by tuning the physical parameters of DDS based on mechanical cues of target and non-target cells. In many cancers, it is well-established that the flexibility and deformability of cells are correlated with their metastatic potential. This leads to our hypothesis that the enhanced deformability of cancer cells allows them to engulf and uptake particles whose internalization requires massive shape change, unlike the stiffer and normal cells. The rationale of the proposed study is that by considering physical parameters of cells, the mechanical properties of DDS can be tuned to achieve selective uptake. We thus propose to develop tools for rational design of DDS for personalized nanomedicine that will use simple tests performed on a patient’s own cells. This is the basis of our visionary Mechanical Targeting (MT) scheme, a crosstalk between experimental and computational models, for drug specificity. Accordingly, this ERC is expected to yield breakthroughs, both conceptual and technical.

Keywords: nanoparticles,drug delivery,targeted drug delivery,endocytosis,cancer,nanomedicine
Capital Accumulation Through Informal Urbanization in India (Urban Informality)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Social Sciences and Humanities
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2016, 2016)
Start date: 2017-09-01
End date: 2019-08-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 195454.8
EU funding (EUR): 195454.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Unauthorized development, informal real estate & housing markets and informal settlements, referred to collectively here as 'informal urbanization' (IU), remain durable, and likely expanding, in much of the global South. IU hampers the implementation of any urban development plan or policy that require land and which require adequate information about land use and above and below ground infrastructure. While much is known about how capital is accumulated and regulated in sectors of the formal economy, much less is known about how this works in the informal economy and very little is known about how this works in IU sectors. This is due to the assumption, influenced by de Soto's work, that the lack of formal property rights leads to 'dead capital', i.e., capital that cannot accumulate. This wisdom must be challenged for if IU is a significant domain of accumulation, then policies and politics by planners and lawmakers for sustainable & inclusive urban development range from inadequacy to lack of fitness for purpose. This Fellowship integrates David Harvey's accumulation theory with Barbara Harriss-White's social structure of accumulation approach to the informal economy to establish a new strand of research. Fieldwork will occur in two municipalities in India where IU is widespread. The aims are: (1) synthesize the theory & evidence of accumulation via IU and its consequences for urban governance and inclusive development more generally (2) qualitatively study & record the phenomena in six cases (3) apply cross-case analysis and (4) disseminate findings via journal articles, policy briefs, city reports, roundtables with respondents, curriculum input & guest lectures. Based at the Contemporary South Asian Studies Program in the School of Interdisciplinary Area Studies at Oxford, with fieldwork in India, the project strengthens my: research networks, research & project management skills and contributes to fields of urban studies, geography & development studies.

Keywords: urban studies,urban informality,political economy,secondary circuit of capital accumulation,unauthorized development,informal settlements,india,urban development,area studies