Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of Apomictic Developments (MAD)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Research and innovation staff exchange
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Life Sciences
Countries involved: Italy,Italy,Italy,Australia,Italy,Argentina,Switzerland,France,United States,Mexico,United Kingdom
Call: Research and Innovation Staff Exchange (H2020-MSCA-RISE-2019, 2019)
Start date: 2020-12-01
End date: 2025-11-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1035000.0
EU funding (EUR): 952200.0
Participants: 11
Project status: SIGNED

Apomixis in plants allows the formation of seeds carrying maternal embryos. While absent in major food crops, it occurs in many plants, including wild relatives of cereals and species of economical interest such as forage grasses and fruit trees. This unique reproductive mode can be achieved through many paths, all involving alterations in the orchestration of the developmental programs underlying sexual reproduction. Since it allows the use of a natural carrier, the seed, for propagating the best genotypes regardless of their constitution, apomixis represents a revolutionary tool for plant breeding programs and for reducing the costs of improved variety seeds. Despite wide-cross breeding programs to introduce the trait in cereals and decades of research using both sexual plant models and apomictic species, apomixis remains an enigma for plant biologists and a long-awaited tool by breeders and farmers. Functional analyses in Arabidopsis and maize have provided valuable molecular information to understand sexual reproduction and, occasionally, to explore alterations yielding phenotypes reminiscent of apomixis. On the other hand, the recent advances in « omics » tools and biotechnologies have opened the route for investigating apomictic species at unprecedented, cellular and molecular levels. The MAD (Mechanisms of Apomictic Developments) project will establish an international, research and training network aiming at contributing significantly to our understanding of key mechanisms involved in redirecting sexuality in plants towards apomixis. It bridges critical knowledge and biological resources recently generated by collaborative efforts in the field of apomixis biology, and novel expertise in plant reproductive biology, biotechnology and breeding by aggregating new partners. Through research, training and dissemination actions, the project will clarify the genetic architecture of apomixis and support the deployment of innovative strategies in crop improvement.

Keywords: seed development,apomixis,forage grasses,regulation of gene expression,cell imaging and modeling
Southeast Europe’s emerging growth advocates: Domestic firms, technology and economic governance in institutionally weak states (SEEGROW)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Social Sciences and Humanities
Countries involved: Serbia
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2019, 2019)
Start date: 2020-09-01
End date: 2022-11-28
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 128021.76
EU funding (EUR): 128021.76
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

SEEGROW proposes a two-year fellowship at the Faculty of Economics, University of Belgrade in Serbia with a five-month secondment to the Faculty of Economics, University of Banja Luka in Bosnia & Herzegovina. The project is empirically grounded in Serbia and Bosnia because it is interested in countries with weak and captured institutions in Europe’s Southeast periphery. SEEGROW tests the following premise: As information and communication technologies (ICT) offer new international opportunities for domestic small and medium firms with industrial skills but little capital, these economic agents engage with these new forces, tailor them to their circumstances, and get empowered by them, which reduces the negative impact of weak formal governance structures on the countries’ overall innovation and growth. The project engages with political economy, institutional economics, management and collective action and governance literatures to study agency of these newly emerging growth advocates. Its key objective is to understand the extent to which these small economic agents are contributing to the reshaping of the rules of economic governance from the bottom-up in the context of state capture. SEEGROW thus challenges the conventional wisdom that state-level institutional reform is the sole game changer for small economic actors who are trapped in the status quo of institutional weakness. In terms of outputs, the project will generate three peer-reviewed scientific articles. In addition, it will be promoted via international academic conferences, an academic workshop, the university website, policy briefs and media. SEEGROW will also contribute to the agenda of enhancing research awareness and capacities in the social sciences in EU accession countries.

Keywords: institutional weakness,economic development,individual agency,governance,collective action,rules,role of technology,small and medium enterprises,exports,european periphery
Through the looking-glass: investigating the effectiveness of fish condition in mirroring trawling disturbance (MIRROR)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Environment and Geosciences
Countries involved: Spain
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2018, 2018)
Start date: 2020-09-01
End date: 2022-08-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 160932.48
EU funding (EUR): 160932.48
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The evaluation of trawling impact on the productivity of demersal fish species is a crucial knowledge to maintain the yield from wild-capture fisheries and to cope with the global increasing demand of sea proteins. Under this scenario, the study of patterns of trawling disturbance (TD) at relevant scale to provide realistic management strategies will represent a challenge to next generation scientists. TD generates a multi-faced combination of direct (e.g. displacement of population structure of commercial species targets) and indirect (e.g. food-web alteration) effects contributing to the likelihood of resource limitation and hence stability of the whole marine ecosystem. The indirect effects are still understudied. It remains still largely unknown how the alteration of benthic dynamics due to chronic trawling disturbance can trigger unpredictable cascade effects involving most ecological components impairing the system to cope with the natural environmental variability. MIRROR aims to investigate the TD effects on the diet and condition of a target species (Mullus barbatus) in the Western Mediterranean Sea through the mechanisms of competitor and benthic prey reduction by the fishing activity. MIRROR will explore the effects that changes in fish condition can have on life-history traits (e.g. growth and reproductive potential). Understanding the link between TD, condition and LH traits represents a stepping stone for the inclusion of condition as an indicator for the management of exploited species. MIRROR’s outcomes may allow the identification of TD thresholds to achieve a desired mean optimal condition. The integration of results will be used to inform stakeholders and policy makers suggesting measures to promote a sustainable fishery by minimizing impacts and ensuring productive and healthy fish population, as recommended by national and international directives and required when setting certification standard and ecolabels.

Keywords: trawling disturbance,fish life history traits,ecosystem based fishery management,ecosystem integrity,sustainability
A new type of spike: Homoclinic spike generation in cells and networks (ANewSpike)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Consolidator grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System
Panel description: Nervous system development, homeostasis and ageing, nervous system function and dysfunction, systems neuroscience and modelling, biological basis of cognitive processes and of behaviour, neurological and mental disorders
Countries involved: Germany
Call: ERC Consolidator Grant (ERC-2019-COG, 2019)
Start date: 2021-01-01
End date: 2026-06-30
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2000000.0
EU funding (EUR): 2000000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

Action potentials are not all equal. Despite shared biophysical principles and even similar action-potential shape, neurons with different spike generators can encode vastly different aspects of a stimulus and result in radically different behaviors of the embedding network. Differences between spike generators may be hard to discern because the information content of a spike train is not obvious to the naked eye. This is where computational analysis comes into play: theoretical research has shown that spike generation can be classified into a few dynamical types with qualitatively distinct computational properties. Among these, so-called homoclinic spikes – unlike the other commonly considered types – have been largely ignored. Yet, homoclinic spike generators are special because only they react with high sensitivity to inputs during the refractory period. Indeed, it is directly after a spike when homoclinic spikers “listen” best. As we recently demonstrated, this unique property has computationally exciting consequences: it can provoke a dramatic increase in network synchronization in response to minimal changes in physiological parameters, without requiring alterations in synaptic strength or connectivity. Supported by in-vitro evidence for homoclinic spiking in the rodent brain, ANewSpike explores the intriguing hypothesis that this “forgotten“ spike generator provides a unifying framework for the induction of epileptic activity by a wide range of physiological trigger parameters, from temperature to energy deprivation. Using a theory-experiment approach, we explore (i) the prevalence of homoclinic spiking in the brain, (ii) its ability to promote the transmission of high frequencies, and (iii) its ability to boost network synchronization. Our multi-scale study aims to add a novel dimension to our understanding of neural dynamics at the cellular and network level by revealing homoclinic spiking as an integral part of brain dynamics in both health and pathology.

Keywords: biophysical neuron models,nonlinear dynamics,network synchronisation,action potential,phase response curve,phase oscillator,dynamic clamp
Resolving subglacial properties, hydrological networks and dynamic evolution of ice flow on the Greenland Ice Sheet (RESPONDER)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Consolidator grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Earth system science
Panel description: Physical geography, geology, geophysics, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, climatology, cryology, ecology, global environmental change, biogeochemical cycles, natural resources management
Countries involved: United Kingdom,United Kingdom
Call: ERC Consolidator Grant (ERC-2015-CoG, 2015)
Start date: 2016-10-01
End date: 2022-09-30
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2443800.0
EU funding (EUR): 1619155.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

The Greenland Ice Sheet is losing mass at a growing rate and has since 2010 caused sea level rise of 1 mm/year. The most severe changes occur in the drainage basins of marine-terminating glaciers, which flow rapidly and drain 88% of the ice sheet. The latest report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change concluded that the widespread acceleration of these glaciers in recent years was a response to interaction with the ocean and unrelated to basal lubrication of ice flow; yet, observations have since shown that many of these glaciers respond to the growing volume of surface meltwater, which reaches the bed when surface lakes drain. This basal lubrication mechanism is unknown, but exhibits contrasting control on ice flow at the coast and in the interior where surface melting increasingly forms lakes. This lack of vital knowledge is a major source of uncertainty in the current generation of ice sheet models used to predict sea level change. The fundamental goal of RESPONDER is to understand how hydrological networks at the base of the Greenland Ice Sheet evolve over seasons and over multiple years, and how this evolution impacts on ice flow in the interior and at the coast. The project has the following aims: AIM 1 is to identify glaciological ‘hotspots’ and sites for subglacial access drilling and borehole exploration by tracking hydrological pathways beneath Store Glacier, a large marine-terminating glacier in Uummannaq Fjord, using novel geophysical imaging techniques and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). AIM 2 is to observe and quantify the hydrological networks of Store Glacier while measuring basal slip and strain within ice with probes and sensors installed in boreholes drilled at ‘coastal’ and ‘interior’ targets. AIM 3 is to predict the co-evolution of ice flow and hydrological networks in the Store Glacier drainage basin, and assess the vulnerability of the Greenland Ice Sheet, by integrating field observations in state-of-the-art ice sheet models.

Keywords: greenland,ice sheet,rapid dynamics,hydrology,climate change
Universality, Phase Transitions and Disorder Effects in Statistical Physics (Transitions)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Consolidator grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Mathematics
Panel description: All areas of mathematics, pure and applied, plus mathematical foundations of computer science, mathematical physics and statistics
Countries involved: Israel
Call: ERC CONSOLIDATOR GRANTS (ERC-2020-COG, 2020)
Start date: 2022-01-01
End date: 2027-11-30
Duration (months): 71.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1834375.0
EU funding (EUR): 1834375.0
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

Mathematical statistical physics has seen spectacular progress in recent years. Existing problems which were previously unattainable were solved, opening a way to approach some of the classical open questions in the field. The proposed research focuses on phenomena of universality, phase transitions and the effect of disorder in physical systems of large size, identifying several fundamental questions at the interface of Statistical Physics and Probability Theory. One circle of questions concerns the fluctuation behavior of random surfaces, where the PI recently resolved the 1975 delocalization conjecture of Brascamp-Lieb-Lebowitz. The PI proposes to establish some of the long-standing universality conjectures for random surfaces, including their scaling limit, localization properties and behavior of integer-valued surfaces. A second circle of questions regards specific two-dimensional models on which there are exact predictions in the physics literature concerning their critical properties which remain elusive from the mathematical standpoint. The PI proposes several ways to advance the state of the art. The PI further proposes to investigate the dependence of two-dimensional phenomena on the underlying planar graph structure, in the spirit of conjectures of Benjamini to which the PI recently supplied significant support. A third circle of questions revolves around random-field models. Imry-Ma predicted in 1975, and Aizenman-Wehr proved in 1989, that an arbitrarily weak random field can eliminate the magnetization phase transition of systems in low dimensions including the spin O(n) models. Quantitative aspects of this phenomenon remain unclear, in the mathematical and physical literature. Following recent substantial progress of the PI in the Ising model case, a quantitative analysis of the phenomenon for the classical models is proposed. Further emphasis is placed on the problem of finding new methods for proving the breaking of continuous symmetries.

Keywords: random surfaces,disorder effects,universality,localization,delocalization,two dimensional critical phenomena,continuous symmetries
OrganiCity – Co-creating smart cities of the future (OrganiCity)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Industrial Leadership
Programme: Information and Communication Technologies
Theme: Future Internet: Software, hardware, Infrastructures, technologies and services
Action type: Research and Innovation actions
Countries involved: Germany,Spain,Australia,Spain,Sweden,Greece,France,United Kingdom,United Kingdom,Denmark,United Kingdom
Call: FIRE+ (Future Internet Research & Experimentation) (H2020-ICT-2014-1, 2014)
Start date: 2015-01-01
End date: 2018-06-30
Duration (months): 42.0
Total project cost (EUR): 7266582.0
EU funding (EUR): 7266582.0
Participants: 15
Project status: CLOSED

OrganiCity offers a new paradigm to European digital city making. Built on and extending the FIRE legacy, this project seeks to build a strong foundation for future sustainable cities through co-creation by a wide range of stakeholders. Globally, Europe is a champion of sustainable, inclusive and open societies. The digital age enables us to push this position further and to rethink the way we create cities and facilitate living by integrating many complex systems. OrganiCity combines top-down planning and operations with flexible bottom-up initiatives where citizen involvement is key. So far, this has been difficult to achieve. Previous attempts to scale informal one-off projects or broaden single community projects have failed. By focusing on the city as a sociotechnical whole, OrganiCity brings software, hardware and associated human processes flexibly together into a new living city that is replicable, scalable, as well as socially, environmentally and economically sustainable. Three clusters – Aarhus (DK), London (UK) and Santander (ES) – recognised for their digital urban initiatives, bring their various stakeholders together into a coherent effort to develop an integrated Experimentation-as-a-Service facility respecting ethical and privacy sensitivities and potentially improving the lives of millions of people. The OrganiCity consortium will create a novel set of tools for civic co-creation, well beyond the state of the art in trans-disciplinary participatory urban interaction design. The tools will be validated in each cluster and integrated across the three cities. In addition to citizen-centric join of testbeds, partner technologies and enhancements, two open calls with a budget of €1.8M will permit 25-35 experiments to use the new facility and co-creation tools. The aim is to grow sustainable digital solutions for future cities that are adjusted to the culture and capacities of each city unlocking amended services and novel markets.

Keywords: smart cities,experimentation as a platform,tools for co creation,citizen engagement,urban scale validation,open calls,global collaboration,sustainability,indicators,standards
FoResight and Modelling for European HEalth Policy and Regulation (FRESHER)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Societal Challenges
Programme: Health, demographic change and wellbeing
Theme: Health care provision and integrated care
Action type: Research and Innovation actions
Countries involved: Spain,Austria,Italy,Estonia,Belgium,Poland,Finland,France,France,United Kingdom
Call: Foresight for health policy development and regulation (H2020-PHC-2014-single-stage, 2014)
Start date: 2015-01-01
End date: 2017-12-31
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2650407.5
EU funding (EUR): 2650407.5
Participants: 13
Project status: CLOSED

FRESHER brings together ten research groups, including leaders in the management of large European Foresight projects and highly experienced health policy modelers, in an interdisciplinary team engaged in FoResight and Modelling for European Health policy and Regulation. The overall project objective is the representation of alternative futures where the detection of emerging health scenarios will be used to test future policies to effectively tackle the burden of non communicable diseases (NCDs). The project will produce quantitative estimates of the future global burden of NCDs in the EU and its impact on health care expenditures and delivery, population well-being, health and socio-economic inequalities, and potential changes in these impacts according to alternative health and non-health policy options. The added value of FRESHER lies in the fact that these estimates: - will not only be based on extrapolation of past health trends but also on foresight techniques (mapping of risk factors, horizon scanning and identification of key drivers for change, scenarios building) giving credit to the interdependencies of structural long-term trends in demography, gender relations, technological, economic, environmental, and societal factors at 2050. - will be produced through the development of an empirically-based micro-simulation model (starting from the Chronic Disease Policy Model of OECD), allowing to quantify the current and future health and economic impacts of NCDs and testing “what if” policy options according to alternative foresight scenarios, as well as potential new policies and policy combinations. FRESHER heavily relies on an interactive process with key stakeholders, at all stages of the project, in elaborating the framework, and giving inputs for the qualitative foresight scenarios and the quantitative micro-simulation model, and in deriving recommendations for future policies affecting population health and well-being.

Keywords: health,wellbeing,foresight,non communicable diseases,microsimulation