Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Colony Personality and Pace-of-life Syndrome in Bumblebees (COLONYPERSPOLS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-03-01
End date: 2015-02-28
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 221606.4
EU funding (EUR): 221606.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Human personality is a rather self-evident phenomenon with which we are all intimately familiar. In recent years, evidence has been accumulating that personality is not only found in humans but also in a wide range of other animal species. Even if it was thought that there was no particular reason for animals to have personality, it is now recognised that consistent individual differences in behaviour could be adaptive. The pace-of-life syndrome (POLs) hypothesis predicts that individuals should differ in a suite of physiological traits that have coevolved with the life-history particularities of the species and very recent arguments suggest that differences in personality should also form integrative POLs. Yet, only very few empirical studies have shown a link between life history, immunity and behaviour within a species. This proposal aims at filling an important lacuna in the field by incorporating consistent colony behavioural traits within the POLs, using bumblebee colonies as a model system. I focus on the colony-level behaviour because 1) no work has ever addressed if and how differences in colony-level personality should form integrative POLs 2) the use of whole insect colonies will give the unique opportunity to study simultaneously the phenomenon of personality at multiple levels of individuality, deconstruct the seemingly complex colony personality into units (workers' personality) and experimentally manipulate them. I will first show if there are POLs in which colony personality covaries with colony physiology and colony life history traits. I will then delineate the underlying mechanisms leading to colony POLs analysing the role of each single bee personality in determining colony personality and its connection to colony immunity and life history. I will examine if different colony personalities, from a POLs perspective, are linked to different levels of susceptibility delineating the evolutionary and ecological consequences of personality and POLs.

Keywords: personality,behavioural syndrome,behavioural type,pace-of-life syndrome,superorganism,collective behaviour,social immunity,life history,bumblebee,pollinators,social insects,disease ecology
Search for New Physics in Charm at LHCb (CHARM@LHCB)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-04-01
End date: 2015-03-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 221606.4
EU funding (EUR): 221606.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The unique capabilities of the LHCb experiment at CERN will be used to collect enormous samples of charm meson multibody decays, and then study these decays for evidence of indirect CP-violation. Any discovery would be highly suggestive of physics contributions from beyond the Standard Model. The analysis methods proposed are novel and are largely independent of model-based assumptions about the resonance substructure of the charm decay, hence providing robustness to the results. The proposal also features plans to improve the trigger system of LHCb to improve still further the performance in charm physics during future data taking

Keywords: p102 particle physics
Mechanics of compaction in the mouse pre-implantation embryo (MECHACOMPA)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2014-07-01
End date: 2016-06-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 161968.8
EU funding (EUR): 161968.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Compaction is the earliest morphogenetic event in mouse embryonic development during which blastomeres increase the size of their cell-cell interfaces. This permits the establishment of apico-basal polarity and thereby the 1st fate specification of the blastomeres: trophectoderm derives from blastomeres with a large apical membrane at the cell-medium interface; whereas blastomeres composing the inner cell mass descend from cells with comparably larger basal cell-cell interfaces. Essential molecules regulating compaction were identified; among them are cell-cell adhesion and cytoskeletal components. However, the precise mechanism by which these molecules drive compaction is not yet understood. In particular, the forces and mechanical properties associated with adhesive and cytoskeletal components that are responsible for the embryo shape change remain uncharacterized. Combining biophysical methods and high-resolution microscopy, we aim to characterize cells mechanical properties and underlying molecules that control compaction. We will monitor, using micropipette aspiration techniques, the contractile and adhesive properties of mouse blastomeres during compaction. In addition, we will quantitatively track changes in cell shape and reorganization of key molecules. With this, we will build a spatio-temporal map of the mechanical properties during compaction. This interdisciplinary and quantitative approach will be key to build a comprehensive model of compaction in early mammalian development.

Keywords: l309 developmental genetics - embryology in animals
Inference for a Semi-Markov Process using Hazards Speciﬁcation (ISMPH)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Greece
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IOF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-08-01
End date: 2016-07-31
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 219007.8
EU funding (EUR): 219007.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Let A=(a0,a1,...,ak) denote a ﬁnite collection of ordered transient states traversed by an individual on study for a specific period of time. In medical studies, the initial state a0 often corresponds to an initial disease-free state, while states ar (r =1, 2,…,k) would represent repeated non-fatal events of the same type (see, MacKenzie (1997), “On a non-proportional hazards regression model for repeated medical random counts”, Statistics in Medicine, 16, 1831-1843). Associated with the states ar (r =1, 2, …,k) are the times Tr (random variables) at which transitions occur from states ar−1 to ar so that the underlying stochastic process may be described by (a0,T1,a1,T2,…), overall. Let the hazard for the r-th event be modeled by λr(tr|xr)= λ0(tr)h(tr,xr), where λ0(tr) is some baseline hazard function, xr is a vector of covariates measured at baseline and at each subsequent event (r≥1), and h(tr, xr) is some link function associating the covariates to the hazard function, which itself may be assumed to involve tr or not. There are two approaches one could take in order to estimate the above model: either to take the baseline hazard function in a speciﬁc parametric form (for example, to be Weibull, lognormal, etc.) or to take it in a nonparametric form (for example, as a stepwise constant form, etc.) and develop the corresponding statistical analysis based on maximum likelihood estimation. Additionally, there are many choices of the link function that one could make, such as a log-linear link function (like in a Cox’s proportional hazards model). General point estimation, interval estimations and tests of hypotheses based on the likelihood criterion will be of interest to develop and this will be the primary aim of the project. In addition, validity methods of the use of such a model for given data will be developed as well. Data sets will then be used to illustrate the methods developed and asses their efficiency.

Keywords: lifetime data,semi-markov process,hazard rate model
Predictive coding in social perception: a social neuroscientific approach to study the dynamic social brain. (SOCIAL_PREDICT)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-08-01
End date: 2015-09-11
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 231283.2
EU funding (EUR): 231283.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

It is well known that racial stereotypes can influence the way people evaluate and treat people from other racial groups. Recent findings suggest that social knowledge can also directly influence very basic perceptual processes. These findings are in line with computational models that see the brain as a ‘prediction machine’: based on knowledge about the world, the brain attempts to match incoming perceptual information to top-down predictions and expectations. Here, I explore whether stereotype-based social predictions directly alter basic visual perception, and how the brain supports this integration of high-level social predictions with low-level perceptual processes. I propose a series of experiments that use binocular rivalry (in which different pictures are presented to the left and the right eye, which results in only one picture entering consciousness) to test whether stereotype-evoking primes (such as a middle eastern face) can alter how and when socially relevant objects (such as weapons) enter awareness. To explore how the brain supports the dynamic integration of stereotypes with ongoing perceptual processes, I will measure the electrical activity of the brain (the electro-encephalogram or EEG). To chart integration of top-down and bottom-up information across brain wide networks, I will study synchronization over EEG frequency bands associated with these two streams of information. I will employ a novel method of analysing neural data, Granger causality, to test whether oscillatory activation evoked by social primes has a direct causal relation with oscillatory activation related to altered visual awareness. Together, these experiments will elucidate whether basic perception is indeed shaped by social knowledge embedded in stereotypes, and how the brain supports the dynamic integration of existing social knowledge with incoming perceptual information.

Keywords: social psychology,cognitive psychology,social neuroscience,consciousness,predictive coding,eeg,erp,granger causality
Evaluation of mantle rheology in exhumed strike-slip faults (RHEOMANTLE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IOF, 2012)
Start date: 2014-01-01
End date: 2016-12-31
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 259745.1
EU funding (EUR): 259745.1
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Crustal deformation, and associated seismic hazards, along active strike-slip faults are likely to be highly dependent on broad shear zones that occur within the uppermost mantle. The zones of localized mantle flow are physically continuous with crustal faults, and may control the bulk rheology of these systems. The main goal of this proposal is to characterize the rheological properties of naturally deformed mantle rocks and to provide insights into the control of mantle processes on deformation in lithospheric fault zones. We will utilize the mantle rocks exhumed in three major strike-slip fault shear zones (San Andreas Fault, US; Bogota Peninsula Shear Zone, New Caledonia; and Southern Pindos-Vourinos Shear Zone, Greece) as "natural laboratories". Through a powerful combination of conventional and emerging micro-analytical techniques, we will determine 1) microstructural relationships among constituent minerals, 2) shape preferred orientation of phases, 3) crystallographic preferred orientation using Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD), 4) water content of major phases by means of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and nano Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (nanoSIMS) and 5) deviatoric stress through paleopiezometry. These methods will be used, in aggregate, to constrain the deformation mechanisms that promote weakening and strain localization in the upper mantle, with emphasis to the effect of water content and grain size reduction. Moreover, we will quantify viscosity and seismic anisotropy changes induced by strain localization in the mantle that can be used to refine interpretations of geophysical datasets. Finally, we will apply mathematic techniques (Lie groups and Lie algebras) to statistically characterize fabrics within deformed rocks, in order to recognize the presence of strain/fabric gradients, strain history, and strain-dependent deformation processes. Research will be carried out at the Universities of Wisconsin-Madison and Utrecht.

Keywords: v201 geology - tectonics,mantle lithosphere,strike-slip fault,shear zone,rheology,deformation mechanism,water content,olivine crystallographic preferred orientation,seismic anisotropy
Materiality and Affect in Public Engagement with Science (M-A-P-E-S)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Denmark
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IIF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-11-01
End date: 2015-10-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 221154.6
EU funding (EUR): 221154.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This project builds on work which has examined the European move towards public engagement with science and technology, and the ways in which the practice of participation is inflected by the cultures which surround it. However, its starting point is that there are important dimensions of engagement which have so far been ignored within analysis. It takes as its focus public engagement as a material, affective process, rather than one which is solely oriented around, and constituted through, ‘reasoned discourse’. In investigating this it will explore two research questions, asking: How can public engagement be re-conceptualised as material and affective practice? And: How can public engagement be studied as material and affective practice? Alongside a range of community-building activities designed to stimulate and solidify this emergent field of research, it will comprise phases of theoretical and empirical research. Fieldwork will involve a case study approach operationalised at a number of different levels: first, by taking Denmark as an exemplar of European best-practice in science communication and participation; second, by using the presence of the Euroscience Open Forum (ESOF) in Copenhagen in 2014 as a focal point for the research; and third, by selecting a set of events or processes which exemplify key traditions within European engagement practice. As a whole it will apply contemporary social and political theory on the importance of materiality and affect to the study of science and society. The project will enable the researcher to carry out a programme of innovative research at Copenhagen University, working with Maja Horst to develop new analyses of public participation with science and to solidify an emergent community of scholarship. Through a programme of research, practioner engagement, and interdisciplinary collaborative activities it will enable Davies to transfer knowledge from the USA to European scholarship in Science and Technology Studies.

Keywords: s114 social studies of science and technology,materiality,public engagement,deliberation,science communication,affect,s307 museums and exhibitions
Cavitation bubble cloud dynamics and surface erosion in high pressure fuel systems for medium/heavy duty Diesel engines (CAVFUELSYSTEM)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IOF, 2012)
Start date: 2014-02-16
End date: 2017-02-15
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 380554.0
EU funding (EUR): 380554.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The medium/heavy duty Diesel engine industry is facing new challenges for meeting the forthcoming emission regulations. Injection pressure reaching 3000bar combined with multiple injection strategies can drastically reduce the NOx/PM trade-off and allow use of less demanding aftertreatment systems for meeting the set legislations. At the same time, use of commercial Diesel engines is expected to double over the next few decades. Cavitation erosion can affect the durability of the injection system to levels that replacement of mechanical parts only after hours of operation is demanded. The proposed programme will assist in the understanding of such flow effects using thoroughly validated CFD models and assisted by detailed experimental data as well as industrial input. The fundamental process that will be thoroughly investigated is the collapse of cavitation bubble cloud and the erosion it induces on solid surfaces. This expertise has been developed at the outgoing host institution, NTU in Singapore where the applicant will develop and validate a simulation model for such effects. Upon return back to Europe, the numerical model will be implemented into the CFD code of the return host and which simulates the macroscopic cavitating flow development within fuel injection systems. Under the premises of the International Institute of Cavitation Research, the applicant will consider with the new model effects not captured so far but believed to be of imperative importance: the prediction of cavitation surface erosion caused by sudden bubble collapse at pressure up to 3000bar and temperatures reaching locally more than 450oC. This excessive heating is produced during the fast acceleration of the fuel as it flows through the injection holes and can result to flow boiling. Thus, it alters the heat transfer characteristics between the flowing fluid and the metal of the injector. Model validation will be performed against field data from injector’s durability tests.

Keywords: g305 fluid mechanics - hydraulic- - turbo- - and piston engines,g309 transport engineering
Anaerobic methane oxidation in granular sludge reactors for sustainable wastewater treatment (ANMOGRAN)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Belgium
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-06-01
End date: 2015-05-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 169800.0
EU funding (EUR): 169800.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Besides the quality of the treated wastewater, secondary objectives dealing with the sustainability of wastewater treatment are gaining importance. This has resulted in several important innovations over the last 20 years, such as granular sludge reactor technologies and innovative nitrogen removal techniques based on anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox). In granular sludge reactors, biomass is grown in the form of dense, fast-settling granules, resulting in compact wastewater treatment systems which allow a high loading rate. The anammox conversion comprises the conversion of ammonium and nitrite to nitrogen gas by autotrophic, slow growing micro-organisms. Nitrogen removal techniques based on this conversion result in substantial savings in aeration costs and external carbon source addition costs compared to conventional nitrification-denitrification over nitrate, at the same time minimizing CO2 emission and sludge production. Recently, anaerobic methane oxidizing bacteria (anMOB) have been discovered and first attempts have shown that a combination of anMOB anammox bacteria for a simultaneous nitrogen and methane removal from wastewater is possible. For future process scale-up, research on process engineering is the next key issue. The goal of the proposed research project concerns the optimization in terms of design and control of a granular sludge reactor for simultaneous anaerobic methane and nitrogen removal, to combine the advantages of anammox-based granular sludge reactors with the removal of methane, a strong greenhouse gas. The project involves two stages, in which the application of anaerobic methane oxidizing bacteria is subsequently studied under anoxic and aerobic reactor conditions. The project goal will be achieved combining mathematical modelling and numerical simulation with an experimental approach based on lab-scale reactors.

Keywords: env anaerobic methane oxidation,anammox,granular sludge,mathematical modelling,process optimization,reactor design,process control,numerical simulation,lab-scale reactors
Exploring new magnetic materials from first-principles (EXMAMA)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, 2012)
Start date: 2013-05-01
End date: 2015-04-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 161968.8
EU funding (EUR): 161968.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

In this project, we propose to investigate super-magnets using recently developed theoretical tools. Super-magnets are materials with a very high magnetization density that find several technological applications, from electric motors and electric generators for wind turbines, to hard drives and magnetic resonance imaging. The basic problem concerning these magnets is the presence of rare-earths elements. However, mining rare-earths is very polluting, and cheap rare-earths rapidly made China the sole world supplier. It is therefore clear that from an environmental, economical, and political point of view it is essential to eliminate, or at least to reduce, our dependence on rare-earths. The final objective of this project is to design magnetic materials that have, at the same time, a high magnetization density (of the order of magnitude of existing rare-earth magnets), but with a reduced content of rare-earths. To reach this goal, we will proceed using a spiral bottom-up approach to the design of materials, based on state-of-the-art structural prediction tools relying on ab initio calculations. As a side result of this search we will develop a very detailed theoretical knowledge of the phase diagrams of the rare-earth magnets, both as a function of composition (by performing substitutions, for example) and as a function of applied pressure. The fellowship will allow the researcher to become an expert in the development and application of novel theoretical and computational approaches in the evolving field of magnetic materials. Furthermore, he will be trained in key aspects that will be essential in his future career, such as scientific code programming, many-body physics, soft-skills, etc.

Keywords: p201 structure of solids and liquids,p211 magnetism,p206 lattice dynamics,p205 electronic properties of materials and transport