Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Photoredox Catalysis for Sustainable Organic Synthesis (PHOCATSORS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IOF, 2013)
Start date: 2014-04-01
End date: 2017-03-31
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 282109.2
EU funding (EUR): 282109.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The aim of this proposal is to develop new and sustainable synthetic methods employing visible light as the sole energy source. MacMillan has demonstrated this concept by merging photoredox catalysis with organocatalytic protocols to perform previously unknown direct enantioselective carbonyl α-functionalization reactions. Building upon this precedent the outgoing phase of this project seeks to incorporate this photoredox process into an organocascade catalysis sequence to generate synthetically valuable intermediates that are relevant in medicinal and natural product chemistry. In this project we propose the merger of iminium ion catalysis with a photoredox-organocatalytic process to generate enantioenriched aldehydes that are α- and β-functionalized from inexpensive and readily available starting materials. This would constitute the first example of an organocascade sequence involving a photoredox system and its compatibility with iminium ion catalysis. During the return phase photoredox catalysis will be merged with gold chemistry to develop a new methodology for the construction of biaryl systems, which are ubiquitous in pharmaceuticals and organic materials. This protocol will provide a complementary procedure to the Au-catalyzed arylation reaction disclosed by the Lloyd-Jones group, which utilizes arylsilanes as coupling partners. This approach presents a more sustainable approach to biaryl formation that generates less chemical waste and involves readily available starting materials. Overall, the pioneering nature of this proposal as well as the opportunity to forge new international collaborations between two leading research institutions would contribute significantly to scientific excellence in Europe. Moreover, the fellow would develop and gain numerous skills that will ensure his pursuit of an independent research career is prosperous.

Keywords: organic,synthesis,photoredox,asymmetric,catalysis,sustainable,green chemistry,gold,c-h activation,cascade,radical.
The impact of collisional dark matter in galaxy formation: Time for a paradigm shift? (GALFORM_SELFIDM)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Denmark
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IIF, 2013)
Start date: 2014-03-01
End date: 2016-05-25
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 230809.8
EU funding (EUR): 230809.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Discovering the nature of dark matter is one of the most significant challenges for modern astrophysics. The favourite theoretical model, the Cold Dark Matter (CDM) paradigm, assumes that dark matter is made of collisionless particles acting on galactic scales purely through gravitational interactions. Despite that the CDM model is remarkably successful in reproducing the large-scale structure of the Universe, it seems to be in tension with observations of low-mass galaxies. The internal dynamics of these galaxies is governed by the dominant dark matter haloes they live in, and would be expected to show the presence of dark matter density cusps, an imprint of the collisionless nature of CDM, instead, they seem to be consistent with the presence of large central dark matter cores. Although the solution to this challenge might lie in our still incomplete understanding of the physics of galaxy formation, it is equally likely that these observations contradict the fundamental hypotheses of the CDM model, and might give us a clue about the underlying dark matter nature. This proposal aims at studying the formation and evolution of galaxies in the context of Self-Interacting Dark Matter (SIDM) where dark matter is self-collisional. This objective will be pursued by pioneering cosmological simulations that couple the collisional behaviour of dark matter to the physics of gas cooling, star formation and supernova feedback to simulate the formation of realistic low-mass galaxies. The completion of this proposal will possibly establish a paradigm shift in dark matter physics and open a new horizon in galaxy formation where dark matter microphysics plays a primary role.

Keywords: cosmology,dark matter,galaxy formation,numerical simulations
Predicting Sequential Learning from Oscillatory Activity in Human MEG-Data (PSLOAHMD)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IEF, 2013)
Start date: 2014-03-01
End date: 2016-02-29
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 166336.2
EU funding (EUR): 166336.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Sequence learning has been centrally involved in the acquisition of many different forms of behavior including language, visual object recognition and motor learning. The neurobiological and cognitive mechanisms associated with the knowledge of sequences, however, remain only partially understood. Findings from experimental psychology and computational models indicate that statistical learning rules may be a powerful mechanism to sequence and categorize information in our environment. One important question that remains to be addressed, however, is how sequential contingencies are encoded, consolidated and retrieved in memory. In addition, it remains unclear if statistical learning is a domain general or modality specific. One candidate mechanism that may allow addressing both of these issues, are neuronal oscillations. Previous electrophysiological studies have established a link between oscillatory activity at theta (5-7H) and gamma (30-100Hz) frequencies and the representation of behavioral events in memory circuits, suggesting that theta and gamma oscillations may support the processing of sequenced information in memory circuits. However, an open question is to what extent this mechanism is related with the learning of sequential information and whether it occurs in different sensory modalities. The present proposal aims to investigate the impact of theta and gamma oscillations during the encoding, consolidation and retrieval of sequential information in memory circuits by recording magneto-encephalographical (MEG) activity in healthy adult human participants performing a statistical learning task in the auditory and visual domain. The outcome of this project is expected to have important implications for our understanding of how fundamental behavioral skills such as language are acquired.

Keywords: neurobilinguism,magnetoencephalography,neural oscillations,source localization
Moral Progress and Political Limits. Liberal responsibilities in an age of shifting international power balances (MPPL)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IOF, 2013)
Start date: 2014-09-01
End date: 2016-08-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 280965.4
EU funding (EUR): 280965.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The project will provide a better understanding of how the international responsibilities of the liberal state are constructed in an age of shifting power balances. It is an interdisciplinary study of the ethical reasoning of Australia, the UK and the US as it relates to R2P and the ICC. This is timely given speculation concerning the decline in the relative power of liberal states and the impact that may have on the ability and willingness of international society (including European states) to protect human rights, especially in the face of opposition from the emerging powers or “BRICS” (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa). This fault line widened during the 2011 Libya crisis and it is evident in the reaction to the ongoing crisis in Syria. It raises the question of whether and how this new context influences the pursuit of humanitarian ideals through the foreign policies of liberal states. The research questions to be answered are empirical and normative: do liberal states now conceive this diplomatic fault line as part of a ‘new reality’ that is forcing them to compromise on the moral ends / means of human protection?; is compromising on the ends / means of human protection an appropriate response? To answer these questions the project employs a ‘holistic’ approach to the study of ethical reasoning. This was set out by one of the project's supervisors, Christian Reus-Smit, with his collaborator Richard Price. It is at the cutting-edge of innovation in International Relations. Developing a competency in its application will elevate the fellow's career to a new level of maturity, enhance his international reputation and enable him to exercise leadership across the European Research Area. In addition he will receive complementary skills training from Tim Dunne and Edward Newman. This is to prepare the fellow for playing a leadership role in the creation of a European Centre on the Responsibility to Protect and Prosecute (EuroCoRPP).

Keywords: responsibility to protect (r2p),constructivism,normative international relations,english school,international society,good international citizenship,liberal foreign policies,politics of the icc
Attosecond Source from Laser-Plasma Interaction (ALPINE)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IEF, 2013)
Start date: 2014-03-01
End date: 2016-02-29
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 161968.8
EU funding (EUR): 161968.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Attosecond Science aims at studying ultrafast dynamics of electronic processes on a timescale of less than a femtosecond. Observing the electronic motion is done so far using attosecond bursts of XUV light issued from the interaction of a controlled laser light field with a gas medium at moderate intensity. The project ALPINE aims at scaling waveform-controlled laser-matter interaction to relativistic intensity, in order to generate isolated attosecond light pulses of unprecedented brightness. At such intensity, the laser electric field completely ionizes the interaction media and creates a plasma mirror which oscillates at speed of light and radiates very bright XUV pulses of attosecond duration. I will explore this generation mechanism by using a unique laser system (Light Wave Synthesizer 20) delivering two-cycle pulses with 20 TeraWatt peak power. Preliminary studies will provide the ideal interaction parameters, in terms of laser characteristics and plasma mirror shaping, in order to maximize the energy contained in the attosecond emission. I will then focus on measuring and stabilizing the laser waveform with sub-cycle accuracy, to ensure shot-to-shot stability and control of the attosecond pulses. Finally I will explore different regimes of interaction aiming at generating intense isolated attosecond pulses, like intensity gating and lighthouse technique. In parallel of this work I will perform studies to develop innovative targets with attosecond stability, with a view toward future applications of this ultra-bright isolated attosecond source.

Keywords: attosecond laser plasma xuv ultrafast femtosecond relativistic mirror terawatt pulse
Unraveling metabolic settings and targeting metabolic enzymes with selective lethality in BRAF and NRAS mutant melanoma tumors (METABOSET)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IEF, 2013)
Start date: 2014-04-01
End date: 2016-03-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 173370.6
EU funding (EUR): 173370.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Melanoma is the most lethal form of skin cancer. Therapeutic alternatives to metastatic melanoma are very limited. Activation of RAS pathway appears to be the central motor driving melanoma development and maintenance, where BRAFV600E and NRASQ61L are found in ~ 50% and 20% of human melanomas, respectively. Although, these mutually exclusive mutations affect the same pathway emerging preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that NRASQ61L mutant melanomas have patterns of signal transduction and biological behavior that is distinct from BRAFV600E mutant melanomas. These patterns include a differential response to metabolic stress. We believe that successful exploitation of mutations in melanoma will be dependent on understanding not only mutations and their frequency but their genetic and biochemical/metabolic context as well. The overall objective of the present project is to find novel therapeutic alternatives to treat NRASQ61L and/or BRAFV600E mutant melanoma tumours by targeting specific metabolic enzymes, such as Aldehyde Deshydrogenases, with potential synthetic lethality.

Keywords: braf mutant melanoma,nras mutant melanomas,lipid peroxidation,aldehydes,aldehyde deshydrogenase (aldh),apoptosis.
Modern mechanistic studies for rational catalyst design (MOMES)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IEF, 2013)
Start date: 2014-04-01
End date: 2016-03-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 221606.4
EU funding (EUR): 221606.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The present proposal plans the rational design of a new generation of bio-inspired catalysts with improved reactivity, efficiency and selectivity through their accurate kinetic and thermodynamic study and tuning. Recently, it has been elucidated that some organocatalytic reactions follow a Curtin-Hammett principle where the bond-forming step is not normally the rate-determining step, and after the bond-forming step catalytic downstream intermediates appear in fast equilibria compared to the overall rate of the catalytic process. This project will exploit the difference in energy of these downstream intermediates through an iterative approach as a key feature to catalyst design. To do so, an unprecedented multibinding pre-catalysts inspired in the enzymatic allosteric regulation will be used. First, to evaluate their behaviour, a complete study of the equilibria involved in both the allosteric and the active sites using different NMR techniques will be performed. Subsequently, we will carry out a set of mechanistic studies by using differential methods to reaction monitoring on a continuous way together with the Reaction Progress Kinetic Analysis (RPKA) protocol. The quantitative information acquired in these studies will allow to perform key structural modifications of the pre-catalysts to improve their performance. Then, the process will start again in an iterative way with the improved prototypes until reaching the optimal catalysts. The new generated catalysts will be highly selective and efficient through accurate molecular recognition. Moreover, it is expected to be synthetically useful in really low amounts (1-5 mol%). Consequently, the present bio-inspired and iterative approach for catalyst design will contribute to perform reactions in a more environmentally friendly and economically sustainable way. In addition, the new kinetic and thermodynamic information released during these studies will provide more insights about catalyst behaviour.

Keywords: reaction mechanism,kinetic studies,mechanistic studies,catalyst design,curtin-hammett principle,physical organic chemistry,organocatalysis,biomimetic.
Analysing Intravital Neuronal Protein Interactions in Metabolism and Apoptosis (AINIGMA)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IOF, 2013)
Start date: 2014-11-01
End date: 2016-10-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 161517.0
EU funding (EUR): 161517.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The high energy demand of the brain predisposes it to a variety of diseases if energy supplies are interrupted. Neurons are particularly intolerant of inadequate energy supply and die or degenerate in either an acutely or chronically disturbed metabolic environment. Although neurodegenerative diseases are classically not considered to be caused by disturbed metabolism, bioenergetic defects are emerging as important pathophysiological mechanisms. Several glucose-metabolizing enzymes are involved in regulating cell survival or cell death in neurons and in other cell types, including the mitochondrial glucose-phosphorylating enzyme hexokinase II (HKII). A HKII-centered multiprotein complex, consisting of phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes (PEA15) and possibly other proteins, has been demonstrated to function as a molecular switch regulating neuronal survival depending on the metabolic state. However, the molecular mechanism by which these protein:protein interactions are regulated remains elusive. The goal of AINIGMA and of the research proposed here is to unravel the intricate connection of glucose metabolism and the regulation of cell death pathways for neuronal viability or neuronal degeneration. By combining protein interaction studies in live induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived human neurons using novel biophysical tools such as fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM-FRET) and high throughput live cell RNA interference (RNAi) screens, the regulation of these protein interactions will be investigated. Finally, the impact of these interactions on neuronal survival under metabolic stress as well as the metabolic consequences of these protein interactions will be investigated. Therefore, AINIGMA will not only provide better insight into physiological and pathophysiological brain function but also form the basis for developing novel treatment approaches for acute and chronic neurodegenerative diseases.

Keywords: protein interactions,metabolism,apoptosis,fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy,flim,fret,shrna high-content screening,induced pluripotent stem cells (ips)
The last piece of the puzzle: Off-shell hypermultiplets in string theory and complex geometry (HYPERGRAV)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IIF, 2013)
Start date: 2014-03-01
End date: 2016-02-29
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 183469.8
EU funding (EUR): 183469.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The hypermultiplet sector in N=2 supersymmetric theories has long defied a complete understanding. However, recent work on the couplings of off-shell hypermultiplets in flat space has opened the door to a comprehensive treatment of their supergravity couplings. In pursuit of this goal, this proposal aims to construct a complete description of off-shell N=2 supergravity-matter actions, including both vector and hypermultiplets. This will (i) shed light on the moduli spaces of low energy effective actions of string theory; (ii) enable computations of hypermultiplet contributions to the thermodynamic properties of supersymmetric black holes; and (iii) allow the efficient application of localization to both the hypermultiplet and vector multiplet sectors. The success of this project will place our understanding of N=2 supersymmetric systems on a firm foundation, while at the same time giving new cross-disciplinary insight into the fields of complex geometry and quantum gravity.

Keywords: supersymmetry,supergravity,superspace,string theory,complex geometry,hypermultiplets
The challenges of diversity for current societies: Its impact on social capital and well-being through the lens of identity (DIVID)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IEF, 2013)
Start date: 2015-05-01
End date: 2017-04-30
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 231283.2
EU funding (EUR): 231283.2
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Today, widespread availability of transportation together with the globalisation of job markets and changes in current economies has increased the numbers of immigrants in Europe and around the world. Societies are in constant flux, and have become more diverse than ever before. It is thus not surprising to see, within the social sciences (and also in politics and public debate), concern about the impact of these changes for societies. In fact, this increasing concern has escalated to pessimism about the possible effects of diversity and multiculturalism. Robert Putnam (2000) in his book Bowling Alone showed that in diverse communities, people tend to have less trust in neighbours, lower political efficacy, lower levels of voter registration, and are less likely to work on community projects and contribute to charity. Since then, this negative view of diversity has been voiced across multiple social sciences (e.g., economics, sociology, and political science). The present project proposes to evaluate critically these pessimist findings. First, the increasing mobility of people around the world sets a range of challenges that clearly require certain forms of both identity change and development of new identities for individuals and their societies. Although this is a crucial topic underpinning concerns about diversity and multiculturalism, identity processes have been neglected in previous work. The project will adopt a social identity approach to examine when and why diversity has negative implications for societies. Second, it is vital to understand how current policies manage diversity and counteract the decline of social capital. The project will develop analyses of practical benefit to leaders and policy makers responsible for managing the broad range of identity-related challenges faced by Europe and the world today. The stakes here could not be higher. These challenges — and society’s response — can be seen to constitute a defining issue of the 21st century.

Keywords: diversity,social capital,identity,subjective well-being