Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Space use by bees– radar tracking of spatial movement patterns of key pollinators (SPACERADARPOLLINATOR)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Evolutionary, population and environmental biology
Countries involved: United Kingdom,United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-04-01
End date: 2019-03-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 3438922.0
EU funding (EUR): 3438922.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

Current radar tracking technology to monitor insect movements in space allows us to catch only glimpses of their spatial movements – it is severely constrained by the restricted range that can be covered, the fact that individuals can only be tracked one at a time, and the lack of a height dimension. Here we propose ground-breaking technology advances to make insect telemetry fit for the 21st century, to answer multiple fundamental questions in pollinator space use and its implications for the plants they pollinate. We will work towards transponder miniaturisation to make application to a large number of insect species viable; we will develop radar technology to allow coverage of areas of up to 10km2 and the exploration of the 3rd dimension of insect flight, and we will adapt the equipment so that multiple individuals can be traced simultaneously. We will identify the rules of bee movements at the landscape scale, and the extent to which they use familiar landmarks and learnt vectors to link multiple locations. We will explore whether speed-accuracy tradeoffs are relevant in landmark navigation. Natural resource exploration and exploitation will be monitored over the entire foraging career of select individuals, and we will quantify individual differences in space use. Tracking bees in three dimensions will allow us to ask whether looking at the landscape from above aids efficient navigation. The tracking of multiple bees simultaneously will allow us to monitor competitive interactions as well as the possibility of social learning in space use. For the first time we will also track the spatial movement strategies of queens and males to see how they interface the search for mates with the need to forage efficiently. Our findings will have wide-ranging applications not just for the understanding of pollinator space use, but also for the conservation, management, and the understanding of mating patterns in the plants they pollinate.
Measurement of temperature exposure and integration over time (MEXTIM)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology
Countries involved: United Kingdom,Sweden,Sweden
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-03-01
End date: 2019-02-28
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2499997.0
EU funding (EUR): 2499997.0
Participants: 3
Project status: CLOSED

All organisms have to cope with changing temperature and various mechanisms have evolved to protect cellular processes against thermal stresses. Many organisms also use temperature signals to align behaviour and development with certain seasons. How specific temperature cues are extracted from fluctuating temperature levels is unknown but it implies the existence of mechanisms that enable long-term monitoring and integration of the enormously variable temperature levels found in nature. We therefore intend to discover how variable temperature levels are measured and integrated over long timescales in order to provide information used in biological timing. Plants provide an excellent system in which to investigate such thermo-sensory mechanisms. We will exploit our knowledge of the multiple regulatory pathways determining quantitative expression of the plant developmental repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). These pathways, which are all independently influenced by temperature, converge to regulate FLC via aspects of a co-transcriptional mechanism involving antisense transcripts and different chromatin pathways. This understanding provides the system to define the primary temperature steps (thermo-sensors) that directly regulate FLC and explore how they combine to record complex temperature profiles. Our hypothesis is that different thermo-sensors monitor distinct aspects of the long-term temperature profile. Their outputs would be integrated via accumulation of chromatin modifications at FLC with feedback and interconnection between the pathways providing reinforcement systems to record previous exposure. Modulation of this mechanism would then provide the basis for adaptation to different climates. Knowledge emerging from this study will provide important concepts in understanding how organisms interact with their environment.

Keywords: temperature exposure,chromatin regulation,developmental timing,thermo-sensory mechanisms,adaptation
Cryptography for the Cloud (CRYPTOCLOUD)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Computer science and informatics
Countries involved: France
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-06-01
End date: 2020-05-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2168260.8
EU funding (EUR): 2168260.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Many companies have already started the migration to the Cloud and many individuals share their personal informations on social networks. Unfortunately, in the current access mode, the provider first authenticates the client, and grants him access, or not, according to his rights in the access-control list. Therefore, the provider itself not only has total access to the data, but also knows which data are accessed, by whom, and how: privacy, which includes secrecy of data (confidentiality), identities (anonymity), and requests (obliviousness), should be enforced. The industry of the Cloud introduces a new implicit trust requirement: nobody has any idea at all of where and how his data are stored and manipulated, but everybody should blindly trust the providers. Privacy-compliant procedures cannot be left to the responsibility of the provider: however strong the trustfulness of the provider may be, any system or human vulnerability can be exploited against privacy. This presents too huge a threat to tolerate. The distribution of the data and the secrecy of the actions must be given back to the users. It requires promoting privacy as a global security notion. A new generation of secure multi-party computation protocols is required to protect everybody in an appropriate way, with privacy and efficiency: interactive protocols will be the core approach to provide privacy in practical systems. Privacy for the Cloud will have a huge societal impact since it will revolutionize the trust model: users will be able to make safe use of outsourced storage, namely for personal, financial and medical data, without having to worry about failures or attacks of the server. It will also have a strong economic impact, conferring a competitive advantage on Cloud providers implementing these tools.
Coordinating for life. Success and failure of Western European societies in coping with rural hazards and disasters, 1300-1800 (COORDINATINGFORLIFE)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The study of the human past
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-03-01
End date: 2019-02-28
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2227326.0
EU funding (EUR): 2227326.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Societies in past and present are regularly confronted with major hazards, which sometimes have disastrous effects. Some societies are successful in preventing these effects and buffering threats, or they recover quickly, while others prove highly vulnerable. Why is this? Increasingly it is clear that disasters are not merely natural events, and also that wealth and technology alone are not adequate to prevent them. Rather, hazards and disasters are social occurrences as well, and they form a tough test for the organizational capacities of a society, both in mitigation and recovery. This project targets a main element of this capacity, namely: the way societies have organized the exchange, allocation and use of resources. It aims to explain why some societies do well in preventing or remedying disasters through these institutional arrangements and others not. In order to do so, this project analyses four key variables: the mix of coordination systems available within that society, its degree of autarky, economic equity and political equality. The recent literature on historical and present-day disasters suggests these factors as possible causes of success or failure of institutional arrangements in their confrontation with hazards, but their discussion remains largely descriptive and they have never been systematically analyzed. This research project offers such a systematic investigation, using rural societies in Western Europe in the period 1300-1800 - with their variety of socio-economic characteristics - as a testing ground. The historical perspective enables us to compare widely differing cases, also over the long run, and to test for the variables chosen, in order to isolate the determining factors in the resilience of different societies. By using the opportunities offered by history in this way, we will increase our insight into the relative performance of societies and gain a better understanding of a critical determinant of human wellbeing.

Keywords: economy of the late medieval and early modern period society of the late medieval and early modern period rural history
Integrated Real-time Feedback Control and post-processing for image Restoration (ICON)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Systems and communication engineering
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-02-01
End date: 2019-11-30
Duration (months): 70.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2499357.94
EU funding (EUR): 2499357.94
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

My goal is to develop new computational tools for image restoration by real-time feedback control with full images recorded by a CCD camera. iCON will enable to breakaway from the existing quasi-static Adaptive Optics (AO) or off-line phase diversity approaches. The improvements over these existing image restoration methods are a consequence of three innovative steps taken in this project. The first is the modelling through system identification of the coupled dynamics between the temporal and spatial varying dynamics of the wavefront aberrations that blur the images. New multidimensional distributed Subspace Identification methods will be developed to derive mathematical models that predict the coupled dynamics of the total imaging plant. The use of subspace identification will enable to extract accurate prediction models since no a priori model parameterization is needed, since no use is made of nonlinear parameter optimization and since use can be made of closed-loop data. The accurate predictions are used in the real-time feedback controller to correct the aberrations when they actually occur. The second is the enabled use of the CCD image recording for both identification and real-time control. This sensor provides much more detailed information on the wavefront aberration and the object compared to classically used AO pupil wavefront sensors, e.g. a Shack-Hartmann. The third is the coupling between real-time image restoration and post-processing whereby the real-time feedback provides accurate prior information for the complicated nonlinear optimization in post-processing. The new iCON methodology will enable to consider spatio-temporal feedback on the total imaging plant from the onset of the instrument design cycle. This will lead to finding a better balance between imaging resolution on one hand and size, cost and complexity on the other. Therefore iCON will be a key enabling technology for developing low cost high resolution imaging instruments.

Keywords: distributed control for image restoration
Social Change and Everyday Life (SCAEL)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Institutions, values, beliefs and behaviour
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-04-01
End date: 2019-09-30
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2497934.0
EU funding (EUR): 2497934.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

I propose a new way of thinking about how the processes of everyday life influence social change. Daily events—driving to work, cinema visits, playing with children—are the atoms of social life. Event sequences aggregate to form societal characteristics (employment levels, rates of cultural participation, amounts of care), and accumulate into biographical characteristics, as a history of continuous job participation increases “human capital” (expected future wage). And each event may have parallel links to others’ activities at the same time—spouses’ shared leisure, customer-client interdependence. Time, unlike money, is an appropriate unit of account for leisure and unpaid work as well as paid, so random samples of event sequences represent all the time devoted to a society’s activities. New modelling techniques, developed in biology (to classify DNA sequences), and in artificial intelligence, will be used to analyse a harmonised collection of event sequence data from more than a dozen countries across successive decades. The diary sequences show the effects of technical and public regulatory change on work-life balances, and age-, gender- and class-related inequalities. They give a more comprehensive view of socioeconomic change than emerges either from economics’ near-exclusive focus on money-related phenomena, or from conventional sociology’s often overly anecdotal approach to issues such as globalisation or inequality. The proposal is for a hierarchically integrated set of sub-projects, building progressively from models of the determinants of individuals’ successive daily experiences, via new approaches to interpreting individual time budgets, to new systems of social accounts. Behind these lie two major methodological innovations: a new way of combining day-diary data with questionnaire evidence on activity participation rates to improve estimates of long-term time use; and substantial advances in the use of diaries to measure “instantaneous utility”.

Keywords: time use,social accounting,time diary surveys
From Holocene to Anthropocene: the pace of microevolution in trees (TREEPEACE)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Evolutionary, population and environmental biology
Countries involved: France
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-02-01
End date: 2020-01-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2498971.0
EU funding (EUR): 2498971.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

There are widespread concerns that trees, due to their long life-span, are not able to cope with the rapid ongoing climate change. While many studies have so far investigated potential impacts of climate change on forests, much less attention has been given to the potential evolutionary responses of tree populations. However there is a large body of evidence stemming from experimental evolutionary genetics showing that adaptive differentiation has extensively occurred during past environmental changes. This project challenges these views and explores the pace at which evolutionary change has taken place during past gradual and under current rapid environmental change. It builds on the reconstruction of evolutionary trajectories during the Holocene and Anthropocene to infer evolutionary rates, taking temperate oaks as a case study. The project assembles insights and contributions from paleobotany, ecology, ecophysiology, genetics, genomics and evolution in a generic framework for the assessment and prediction of rates of evolution at different hierarchical levels (genome to phenome). Beyond the assessments of past and current evolutionary change, the project provides an integrative simulation framework that will allow the monitoring and prediction of adaptive responses of trees under various evolutionary scenarios.

Keywords: microevolution,adaptation,forests,climate change
Magnetism at the time and length scale of the Exchange interaction (EXCHANGE)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Condensed matter physics
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-05-01
End date: 2019-04-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2495180.0
EU funding (EUR): 2495180.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The aim of EXCHANGE is to achieve a breakthrough in the understanding of magnetism and magnetic phase transitions on the time and length scale of the exchange interaction, the strongest force in magnetism. This will be achieved by developing and applying novel, beyond the state-of-the-art femtosecond X-ray and picosecond THz techniques, in combination with laboratory based ultrafast optical techniques and close interaction with new theoretical developments. Magnetism is essentially a phenomenon of angular momentum and the interpretation of magnetic order is based on the concept of exchange interaction. So far, the understanding of the physics of magnetism, including its dynamics, has only been achieved for systems close to their thermodynamic equilibrium. Magnetism at the length and time scale of the exchange interaction, that is to say, at nanometer length and femtosecond time scales, is completely unknown. Yet, future magnetic data storage aims at Tbit densities switched at THz rates, exactly this regime. Recent developments of a new generation of femtosecond X-ray and picosecond THz free electron lasers create the opportunity, now for the first time, to experimentally visualize the transfer of angular momentum under strongly nonequilibrium conditions and thereby provide a so far inaccessible view to the strongest and most fundamental force in magnetism, the exchange interaction. When successful, this will strongly advance the frontiers of knowledge in the Physics of Magnetism, with a high potential to impact contemporary technologies for recording and processing magnetically stored information.

Keywords: femtosecond spin dynamics,nanomagnetism,nonequilibrium dynamics
Mutation-driven immunoediting of human cancer? (MUTAEDITING)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Immunity and infection
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-05-01
End date: 2019-04-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2499960.0
EU funding (EUR): 2499960.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

It is well documented that each human cancer has acquired a large number of mutations (50-500), some of which are drivers for tumorigenicity, others of which are indolent passengers. It has also been established that such mutations can be recognized by the patient´s T cells via the presentation of mutated peptides on HLA molecules of a tumor cell. If such immune responses against cancer mutations are generally relevant for cancer development (according to Paul Ehrlich´s hypothesis), one can predict several consequences: 1) The spectrum of mutations found in an established tumor of a patient should be diminished for those that give rise to peptides presented by the HLA molecules of this patient, but not for peptides relevant for other HLA molecules. 2) In HLA-negative tumor cells, the spectrum of mutations (those that occurred after HLA loss) should no longer be dependent on the patient´s HLA molecules. 3) A cancer patient should have T cells against mutations that occurred at an early point in cancer development but that are no longer present in the tumor at the time of diagnosis because of negative selection of such tumor cells by the immune response. The aim of this proposal is to test the hypothesis by studying these three predictions in a large cohort of cancer patients treated at the University Hospital of Tübingen. Clinically relevant human cancer samples from several cancer entities will be tested for mutations by exome and transcriptome sequencing. Those mutations actually presented as HLA ligands will be analyzed by mass spectrometry, and the patient´s T-cell repertoire against mutations will be analyzed. The result of this research should be the confirmation, the rejection, or an amendment of the hypothesis. The outcome will be of decisive influence on the cancer therapy of the future, both for the targeting of cancer pathways using small molecule inhibitors, and for the individualized immunotherapy of cancer by targeting mutations.

Keywords: hla ligands,t cell epitopes,mass spectrometry,hla ligand prediction,immunoinformatics,genome and transcriptome sequencing,mutation analyis,immunomonitoring
The Drosophila-Spiroplasma interaction as a model to dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying insect endosymbiosis (DROSOSPIRO)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Evolutionary, population and environmental biology
Countries involved: Switzerland
Call:  (ERC-2013-ADG, 2013)
Start date: 2014-05-01
End date: 2019-04-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1963926.0
EU funding (EUR): 1963926.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Virtually every species of insect harbors facultative bacterial endosymbionts that are transmitted from females to their offspring, often in the egg cytoplasm. These symbionts play crucial roles in the biology of their hosts. Many manipulate host reproduction in order to spread within host populations. Others increase the fitness of their hosts under certain conditions. For example, increasing tolerance to heat or protecting their hosts against natural enemies. Over the past decade, our understanding of insect endosymbionts has shifted from seeing them as fascinating oddities to being ubiquitous and central to the biology of their hosts, including many of high economic and medical importance. However, in spite of growing interest in endosymbionts, very little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying most endosymbiont-insect interactions. For instance, the basis of the main phenotypes caused by endosymbionts, including diverse reproductive manipulations or symbiont-protective immunity, remains largely enigmatic. The goal of the present application is to fill this gap by dissecting the interaction between Drosophila and its native endosymbiont Spiroplasma poulsonii. This project will use a broad range of approaches ranging from molecular genetic to genomics to dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying key features of the symbiosis, including vertical transmission, male killing, regulation of symbiont growth, and symbiont-mediated protection against parasitic wasps. We believe that the fundamental knowledge generated on the Drosophila-Spiroplasma interaction will serve as a paradigm for other endosymbiont-insect interactions that are less amenable to genetic studies.

Keywords: endosymbiont,drosophila,spiroplasma,male killing