Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Trajectories of modernity - comparing non-European and European varieties (TRAMOD)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Institutions, values, beliefs and behaviour
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (ERC-2009-AdG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-07-01
End date: 2015-12-31
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2373364.4
EU funding (EUR): 2373364.4
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The project aims at advancing the analysis of the contemporary plurality of societal self-understandings and related institutional structures of polities in the current global context. It will analyze these self-understandings against the background of the historical trajectories as sequences of socio-political transformations of those societies. The analysis of multiple forms of modernity is the major challenge to current social and political theory and comparative-historical and political sociology. Scholars tend to either underestimate variation and succumb to ideas of global trends of neo-modernization or overestimate historical continuities and provide some culturalist explanation of civilizational difference. In this light, the objectives are: - to complement the prevalent institutional analysis of modernity with an interpretative approach that focuses on societal self-understandings, and to elaborate an understanding of how novel such interpretations emerge and how they contribute to reshaping institutions; - to disentangle the overly complex concept of modernity into components that are empirically analyzable in terms of both commonalities shared by all modern societies and differences that are due to the variety of possible interpretations of modernity; - to analyze two selected non-European societies South Africa and Brazil in terms of their specific articulations of these components of modernity and their historical transformations; - to confront prior analyses of European modernity with the new analyses of non-European modernities with a view to laying empirically rich foundations for a global sociology that recognizes the specificity of the European trajectory of modernity but does not confuse it with a model or a unique interpretation.

Keywords: multiple modernities,comparative-historical sociology,social and political theory,europe in global context
Shared Responsibility in International Law (SHARES)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Institutions, values, beliefs and behaviour
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (ERC-2009-AdG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-05-01
End date: 2015-10-31
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2113949.0
EU funding (EUR): 2113949.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

SHARES seeks to rethink the allocation of international responsibilities in cases where actors cooperate to pursue common international objectives, for example environmental protection and protection of human populations from mass atrocities. International cooperation may complicate attempts to determine who is responsible for what. SHARES is based on the unrecognized and unexplored fact that as the responsibility for policies is shared among more actors, the discrete responsibility of every individual actor is diminished proportionately. International cooperation paradoxically may undermine the key objectives of any scheme of responsibility : the protection of the international rule of law and the provision of remedies of injured parties. The dominant principle of individual responsibility, and the scholarship based on it, provides us neither with the concepts nor the perspectives for addressing shared responsibilities. SHARES will uncover the extent and nature of the problem of scattering of international responsibilities in cases of international cooperation and will provide fresh perspectives on how cooperation can be better matched by a corresponding system of international responsibility. It will pursue two interlocking tracks, focussing on principles and processes of international responsibility. As to principles, it will examine the possibility of holding multiple actors collectively, jointly or proportionately responsible. As to processes, SHARES will rethink how (quasi-)judicial processes may better taken into account the collective context of the international policies of states and other actors. SHARES will complement a conceptual and theoretical foundation with a thorough empirical approach, exploring through case-studies how we can improve our understanding of the principles and processes that are needed to match the unprecedented international cooperation with a proper system of shared responsibility.

Keywords: international law,responsiblity,accountability,international organisations
Human infants' preparedness for relevance-guided learning through ostensive-referential communication (OSTREFCOM)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The Human Mind and its complexity
Countries involved: Hungary
Call:  (ERC-2009-AdG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-05-01
End date: 2015-10-31
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1557427.81
EU funding (EUR): 1557427.81
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

A recent hypothesis (the theory of &apos;natural pedagogy&apos;) proposes that an important function of human ostensive-referential communication is to allow the transmission of generic (semantic) knowledge to others. The primary potential beneficiaries of such a communication system are children, who are always novices with respect to the culture they are born into. This proposal aims to explore whether and how human infants are prepared to learn from adults through communication, what cognitive and neural systems support such learning process, and how this social learning process changes infants&apos; perception, interpretation and representation of the world. Beyond traditional behavioural methods, we plan to use eye-tracking, electrophysiological (EEG, ERP) and optical imaging (NIRS) techniques to get insights about the online processes of perception, attention and memory during, as well as the understanding of the social and physical world through, non-verbal communication. In particular, we seek to track (1) the early development of sensitivity to various ostensive-communicative signals, (2) their relation to the understanding of referential deictic gestures, which is essential to be engaged in triadic communication, (3) how these signals modulate what infants pay attention to and preserve in their memory about objects, and (4) how the functional understanding of human-made cultural artefacts (such as tools) is affected by their demonstrated use in ostensive-referential communicative settings. The new framework theory of natural pedagogy will also provide a novel perspective to elucidate how further cognitive systems, such as the understanding of actions or causal relations, as well as the processes of imitation and word learning contribute to cultural learning by communication.

Keywords: infants,communication,cognitive neuroscience
Causes and Consequences of Multilevel Governance (MLG)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Institutions, values, beliefs and behaviour
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (ERC-2009-AdG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-05-01
End date: 2015-04-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2478807.0
EU funding (EUR): 2478807.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

This five-year research programme is motivated by the question: Why does the structure of government vary, and how does this affect the quality of democracy and governance? The programme estimates and explains the scope and depth of authority exercised by subnational governments and international governmental organizations (IGOs) from 1950 to 2010. This will allow deeper understanding of a major policy development multilevel governance, the dispersion of authority away from central states to subnational and supranational levels. While major institutions, including the World Bank, the European Parliament, and European Commission recommend multilevel governance, some policy analysts claim that multilevel governance exacerbates corruption, leads to gridlock, engenders moral hazard, constrains redistribution, obfuscates accountability, and wastes money. However, comparative information about how international and subnational government varies across countries and over time is lacking, and so it is not possible to discipline normative claims against evidence. The contribution of the research programme is threefold. First, it provides carefully constructed, comparative, and reliable estimates of subnational and international government for a wide range of countries over an extended time period. Second, it seeks to advance understanding of the causes of multilevel governance, building on the major theories in the field. Third, it provides a rigorous assessment of the consequences of multilevel governance. Theories of the causes and consequences of multilevel governance will be evaluated quantitatively and in a case study of government response to climate change.

Keywords: multilevel governance,government,public goods,international organization,federalism,democratic performance,climate change
Tracing the evolution of symbolically mediated behaviours within variable environments in Europe and southern Africa (TRACSYMBOLS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The study of the human past
Countries involved: Norway,France
Call:  (ERC-2009-AdG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-04-01
End date: 2015-03-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2500000.0
EU funding (EUR): 2500000.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

The aim of TRACSYMBOLS is to examine how key behavioural innovations emerged among Homo sapiens and Homo neanderthalensis in southern Africa and Europe respectively, and explore whether and how environmental variability influenced this development between 180 25 ka [Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 6 31. To achieve this goal the PI will develop a new research team that for the first time will combine archaeological results, original multi-proxy palaeoenvironmental data, and state-of-the-art climatic simulations for two continents. A dedicated biocomputational algorithm will be applied to this body of data to test the hypothesis that key cultural developments and discontinuities associated with early H. sapiens and Neanderthals were affected by climate. To achieve this goal we will: &quot; Conduct new archaeological excavations at two MSA sites in De Hoop Nature Reserve, southern Cape located in an area associated with the earliest development of H. sapiens behaviour and in the promising &gt;100 ka MSA levels at Blombos Cave, South Africa; &quot; Apply innovative methods to the analysis of early symbolic and complex material culture of H. sapiens and Neanderthals, including abstract engravings, pigments, personal ornaments and stylised bone tools; &quot; Reconstruct climate, vegetation, and fire regime changes in Europe and southern Africa for each species by combining the analysis of multiple proxies from marine and terrestrial archives with high resolution palaeoclimatic simulations; &quot; Incorporate archaeological and palaeoclimatic data into a novel bio-computational architecture (Genetic Algorithm for Rule Set Prediction: GARP) that allows for the reconstruction, quantification and comparison of the ecological niches exploited by human populations within each climatic phase.

Keywords: symbolism,material culture,homo sapiens,neanderthals,middle stone age,mousterian,southern africa,europe,palaeoenvironments
Asset Bubbles and Economic Policy (ABEP)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Individuals, institutions and markets
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (ERC-2009-AdG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-04-01
End date: 2015-03-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 999999.6
EU funding (EUR): 999999.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Advanced capitalist economies experience large and persistent movements in asset prices that are difficult to justify with economic fundamentals. The internet bubble of the 1990s and the real state market bubble of the 2000s are two recent examples. The predominant view is that these bubbles are a market failure, and are caused by some form of individual irrationality on the part of market participants. This project is based instead on the view that market participants are individually rational, although this does not preclude sometimes collectively sub-optimal outcomes. Bubbles are thus not a source of market failure by themselves but instead arise as a result of a pre-existing market failure, namely, the existence of pockets of dynamically inefficient investments. Under some conditions, bubbles partly solve this problem, increasing market efficiency and welfare. It is also possible however that bubbles do not solve the underlying problem and, in addition, create negative side-effects. The main objective of this project is to develop this view of asset bubbles, and produce an empirically-relevant macroeconomic framework that allows us to address the following questions: (i) What is the relationship between bubbles and financial market frictions? Special emphasis is given to how the globalization of financial markets and the development of new financial products affect the size and effects of bubbles. (ii) What is the relationship between bubbles, economic growth and unemployment? The theory suggests the presence of virtuous and vicious cycles, as economic growth creates the conditions for bubbles to pop up, while bubbles create incentives for economic growth to happen. (iii) What is the optimal policy to manage bubbles? We need to develop the tools that allow policy makers to sustain those bubbles that have positive effects and burst those that have negative effects.

Keywords: asset bubbles,economic growth,economic policy,financial markets,economic fluctuations
Exiting long run poverty: the determinants of asset accumulation in developing countries (IHKDC)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Individuals, institutions and markets
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2009-AdG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-07-01
End date: 2013-12-31
Duration (months): 42.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1636185.0
EU funding (EUR): 1636185.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

We propose to study the determinants of the accumulation of productive assets among poor households in developing countries with a special, but not exclusive focus, on human capital. We plan to study how preferences, beliefs, information, expectations and available resources affect investment decisions, how these investment decisions are transformed in assets and how these assets can affect the material well being of poor households. We will also study how the availability (or lack thereof) of credit and insurance markets affects the accumulation of productive assets of poor households. An important part of our research is the construction, validation and use of innovative measurement tools. We plan to construct and use quantitative measures of beliefs, expectations, attitudes and preferences. We will be able to embed these measures in surveys being collected for the evaluation of a variety of policies and government programs in developing countries. The use of data from the evaluation of development policies has the additional advantage of capturing variation in resources and incentives that is introduced in an exogenous and controlled fashion. This allows the empirical identification of rich and credible structural models. The specific projects that make our research agenda will focus on three types of determinants: (i) preferences, perceptions, information and expectations; (ii) technology (how various inputs- investments- are converted into assets); (iii) resources and markets to access them. Estimation of these models will allow us to go beyond the simple estimation of the impacts of given policies, and shed light on the mechanisms and causal path that from individual perceptions, beliefs and expectations lead to investment choices and, eventually, to outcomes.

Keywords: human capital accumulation,beliefs,expectations,development
TRAINING SCHEMES ON NUCLEAR SAFETY CULTURE (TRASNUSAFE)

Framework: FP7 — Euratom
Programme: Nuclear fission and radiation protection
Theme: Support the development of nuclear competences at Union level and socio-economic aspects
Destination: Human Resources and training
Action type: Coordination and support actions
Countries involved: Belgium,Belgium,Spain,Portugal,Slovenia,Romania,United Kingdom,France,France,Slovakia,Italy,Belgium
Call:  (FP7-Fission-2009, 2009)
Start date: 2010-11-01
End date: 2014-10-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1926948.0
EU funding (EUR): 974133.38
Participants: 19
Project status: CLOSED

Nuclear Safety Culture is a topic of paramount importance for all nuclear operators as well as for all operators of installations dedicated to radiology and radiotherapy. It concerns also the regulators and related support organisations. Its efficient practice is an absolute must for nuclear power plants, for production and transport of fissile materials and radioisotopes, and for related research activities. The objective of this project is to design, develop and test two relevant training schemes on Nuclear Safety Culture with a European dimension, based on a specific evaluation of the training needs. Through this coordination action, involving training providers, industry, regulators and universities, the two new training schemes with a common generic module will benefit from a multi-cultural approach, diversified resources, and the search for high quality. The central objective being the mutual recognition of good practices and behaviours related to the safety culture management of the nuclear installations in Europe, the safety managers will be the first beneficiaries of this coordination action. Two groups of users will be set up: a “nuclear industry” group and a “use of ionising radiation based technology” group. The “analysis” team (WP1) will collect and analyse the data on the needs. It will exchange information on a regional basis. The links between the ALARA principle and the safety culture will be subject of a specific action in WP2. Two reflection groups will be organised with the European ALARA Network and the European Platform EUTERP. Using the results of WP1, the “design and development” team (WP3) will involve several European training providers, as well as university specialists of the technical topics and methods to be dealt with, including distance learning. The “validation” team (WP4) will test the new teaching modules by means of pilot sessions. The Quality Assurance will be established as a support to the project.

Keywords: nuclear safety culture management training alara
Heavy Liquid Metal Network (HELIMNET)

Framework: FP7 — Euratom
Programme: Nuclear fission and radiation protection
Theme: Research infrastructure
Destination: Reactor Systems
Action type: Coordination and support actions
Countries involved: Italy,Spain,Czechia,Germany,Belgium,France,Switzerland,Germany,Latvia,Sweden,Spain
Call:  (FP7-Fission-2009, 2009)
Start date: 2010-01-20
End date: 2012-01-19
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 718348.0
EU funding (EUR): 499984.0
Participants: 13
Project status: CLOSED

HeLiMnet is a project aimed at integrating the R&D efforts going on within and outside Europe, in different areas of investigation In particular it is intended to create a large and strong network for the diffusion of information on the HLM technologies, exploiting the characteristics of both the new information technologies in order to create a virtual space for debates, focus groups and information exchanges and the traditional tools as workshops, seminars, information days etc. It aims, moreover, at rationalize the knowledge through the development of guidelines, protocols and standards, with particular attention to the homogenization of operational procedures in order to have a better control on the quality and comparability of the experimental data obtained in different labs. Finally, one other HeLiMnet goal is the appraisal of the liquid metal technology research area, through the analysis of approaches and activities going on at national and international level in different areas of investigation (fission (LFR, ADS, SFR), neutron spallation targets and fusion), the identification of possible cooperation, the definition of existing gaps and possible future R&D activities to cover these gaps.

Keywords: heavy liquid metal,network,lfr,ads,sne-tp sra
European Gas Cooled Fast Reactor (GOFASTR)

Framework: FP7 — Euratom
Programme: Nuclear fission and radiation protection
Theme: Research infrastructure
Destination: Reactor Systems
Action type: Collaborative project
Countries involved: United Kingdom,France,France,Italy,Spain,Germany,European organisations area,Netherlands,Switzerland,United Kingdom,Netherlands,Germany,Hungary,Italy,Germany,Czechia
Call:  (FP7-Fission-2009, 2009)
Start date: 2010-03-01
End date: 2013-02-28
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 5430276.0
EU funding (EUR): 3000000.0
Participants: 22
Project status: CLOSED

Fast reactors have the unique ability to be sustainable by, not only being able to generate their own fuel, but through being able to burn minor actinides to reduce the quantity and radiotoxicity of nuclear wastes. The latter ability enables fast reactors to not only burn the minor actinides produced by themselves but, in addition, the minor actinides arising from legacy wastes and thermal reactors in the nuclear park. This proposal concentrates on the gas-cooled fast reactor (GFR) with a view to developing the GFR as a more sustainable version of the very high temperature reactor (VHTR). The design goals for GFR are ambitious, aiming, initially, for a core outlet temperature of around 850 deg.C, a compact core with a power density of about 100MWth/m3, a low enough plutonium inventory to allow wide deployment, a self-sustaining core in terms of plutonium consumption, and a proliferation resistant core by not using specific plutonium breeding elements. This project will contribute Euratom’s contribution to the Generation IV system research programme. As such, it is strongly aligned with the goals and structure of the latter. In addition this project fulfills an objective of thestrategic research agenda of the European Sustainable Nuclear Energy Technology platform, for GFR to be developed as one of the longer-term alternatives to the sodium cooled fast reactor. The work of this project is aligned with the viability phase of the Generation IV GFR system which concludes at the end of 2012. As such this is a three year project and its objective is to contribute to the demonstration of the viability of the GFR system with regard to deployment as a commercial sustainable nuclear energy system. As well as contributing to Generation IV GFR research, this project provides the Euratom representation on the GFR System Steering Committee and the two project management boards (PMBs), namely, the Conceptual Design and Safety PMB and the Fuel and Core Materials PMB

Keywords: gas cooled fast reactor,gfr,generation iv,fast reactors,sustainable nuclear energy systems,transmutation,sne-tp