Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Processes of Cation Migration in Clayrocks (CATCLAY)

Framework: FP7 — Euratom
Programme: Nuclear fission and radiation protection
Theme: Radioactive waste management
Destination: Management of Ultimate Radioactive Waste
Action type: Collaborative project
Countries involved: France,France,Switzerland,Belgium,Germany,Netherlands
Call:  (FP7-Fission-2009, 2009)
Start date: 2010-06-01
End date: 2014-05-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1549336.4
EU funding (EUR): 819498.0
Participants: 7
Project status: CLOSED

The overall objective of CatClay is to provide a scientifically well grounded answer to the following question: Can the migration of actinides and other strongly sorbing radionuclides in clayrock be predicted by coupling models of (i) their sorption equilibria on representative clay minerals and (ii) the diffusion-driven mass transport of radionuclide sorbed and dissolved species in compacted masses of these clay minerals? The answer is of prime importance for Safety Cases for clayrock formation-based radioactive waste disposal concepts. The project takes as its starting point experimental observations showing that certain cations known to form highly stable surface complexes with sites on mineral surfaces, migrated more deeply into clayrock than expected. This suggests that current models may not be correct for these cations. CatClay calls upon a number of innovative approaches. It provides i) high resolution experimental methods leading to high quality, low analytical uncertainty data sets, ii) innovative conceptual, and corresponding numerical, models in order to represent the coupled diffusion-sorption behavior of surface complexing radionuclide. CatClay is structured along 3 RTD workpackages, combining modeling and experimental studies from the simpler, analogous system (clay) to real materials (clayrocks). The sorption-diffusion behavior of 3 cations will be studied selected according to their known differences in sorption reactions with clay mineral surfaces. CatClay combines the forces of 5 research institutions having proven expertise in experimentally studying and modelling the above described processes; the developer of a widely used coupled transport code; one waste management organisation for the application to safety case. The transfer of knowledge to a broader community, scientists and end-users, is also done through publication in peer reviewed journals and publically-available reports.

Keywords: disposal,clayrock,migration,cations,model,experiment
From perception to conception: How the brain processes meaningful concepts (PERCEPCON)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The Human Mind and its complexity
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2009-AdG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-05-01
End date: 2015-09-30
Duration (months): 65.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2111580.8
EU funding (EUR): 2111580.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Conceptual representations of objects and events lie at the heart of our mental lives; they enable us to interpret the world, express our thoughts and form the basis for our interactions. From a cognitive perspective, there is increasing interest in distributed accounts of conceptual representations, in which concepts are comprised of smaller elements of meaning (features), with variation in the types of features and their inter-relationships determining a concept s structure. Although interest in how the brain represents and processes concepts has flourished with the advent of modern neuroimaging technologies, cognitive and neural approaches are not well integrated. While both focus on concrete concepts or visual objects cognitive accounts focus on their meaning whereas neural accounts focus on their visual properties. The research proposed here aims to bridge this gap by addressing the central issue of how the brain processes visual objects as meaningful entities; how perception becomes conception. It does so by combining a cognitive theory of semantic representations the Conceptual Structure Account - with a neural account of hierarchical object processing in the ventral stream to generate predictions about how perceptual and conceptual processes are constructed. This combination of cognitive and neural theories, together with the use of multi-modal imaging methods, provides the essential basis for understanding how the brain transforms visual inputs into meaningful object representations. In fMRI and MEG studies, we directly test for differential effects of conceptual and perceptual variables along the ventral stream, examining specific cognitive claims for how conceptual structure guides and structures these fundamental processes of object recognition.

Keywords: cognitive neuroscience,conceptual knowledge
Food Globalisation in Prehistory (FOGLIP)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The study of the human past
Countries involved: United Kingdom,United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2009-AdG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-05-01
End date: 2015-10-31
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1978999.96
EU funding (EUR): 1978999.96
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

Each of today s major food species is distributed worldwide. While much of that food globalisation has resulted from modern trade networks, it has its roots in prehistory. By the end of the second millennium BC, the south west Asian crops, wheat and barley, were in several parts of China, and Chinese millets and buckwheat were in Europe. There was a parallel exchange of crops between South Asia and Africa. A series of later episodes of globalisation involve exotic fruits, vegetables and flavourings. This earlier phase would appear to involve instead staple starchy crops. Moreover, the movement of these starchy crops seems to precede other forms of evidence for cross-continental contact, such as is reflected in artefacts. What prompted this early globalisation of starch crops? How did it relate to the way in which humans societies were changing, and to the development and evolution of the crops themselves? These are questions I shall address through an archaeogenetic approach, which will modern methods of bio-archaeology and crop genetics. The focus of my bio-archaeological research will be selected sites in West China and Kazakhstan, chosen to complement ongoing research elsewhere (by a number of different groups) and to fill a critical geographical gap in the growing bio-archaeological record of Eurasia. For my genetic analyses I shall target upon two crops, one whose movement in prehistory was from west to east, the other form east to west. Of the various crops that moved in this way, I have chosen barley and foxtail millet chosen on the basis of i) their archaeological record of domestication and spread; ii) their genetic suitability for study, and iii) the timeliness of studying them in relation to contemporary research around the world today.

Keywords: bio-archaeology archaeogenetics
Lead-cooled European Advanced Demonstration Reactor (LEADER)

Framework: FP7 — Euratom
Programme: Nuclear fission and radiation protection
Theme: Research infrastructure
Destination: Reactor Systems
Action type: Collaborative project
Countries involved: Italy,Poland,France,Italy,Spain,Germany,Romania,European organisations area,Sweden,Netherlands,Switzerland,Belgium,Czechia
Call:  (FP7-Fission-2009, 2009)
Start date: 2010-04-02
End date: 2013-10-01
Duration (months): 42.0
Total project cost (EUR): 5699396.4
EU funding (EUR): 2994088.0
Participants: 17
Project status: CLOSED

The LEADER proposal deals with the development to a conceptual level of a Lead Fast Reactor Industrial size plant and of a scaled demonstrator of the LFR technology. The proposal is based on previous achievements obtained during the 6th FP of the EU in the ELSY project but takes into account the indications emerged from the European Strategic Research Agenda as well as the main goals of the European Industrial Initiative on Fission. As a consequence the project is strongly committed to the conceptual design of a scaled/pilot plant to be constructed in the relatively short term. The focus of the first part of activity will be the resolutions of the key issues emerged in the frame of the ELSY project to reach a new reference reactor configuration. This updated reactor configuration of an industrial size LFR will be used to design a low cost and fully representative scaled down prototype of a suitable size. The project foresee an important involvement of End-Users and Safety Authorities from the beginning of the design process to help the plant conception and to assure high safety standards. Education and Training activities are included in a specific work package where European Universities are directly involved with the aim to grow-up the future nuclear energy designer. The LEADER projects takes strongly into account the others already proposed or on-going EU projects. All projects dedicated to R&amp;D and material developments, projects dedicated to the development of ADS systems for transmutation or related to the development of fast reactors (VELLA, CDT, CP-ESFR, GETMAT, FAIRFUELS, ACSEPT, EUFRAT, F-BRIDGE, ACSEPT, ACTINET-I3, THINS) have strong synergies with LEADER toward the development of a Lead cooled fast reactor system. The project Partners are convinced that fostering the European efforts towards a LFR demonstration/pilot plant realization would be very beneficial, will speed up the development needed and establish Europe as a leader in this field.

Keywords: proliferation,sustainability,lead,nuclear,fast reactor,gif,generation iv,etpp
Identification and Characterization of Host and Phage Proteins Interacting with the CRISPR System (CRISPRSYSTEM)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Re-integration Grants
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-RG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-06-01
End date: 2014-05-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The CRISPR system was recently identified as a bacterial defense mechanism against phages and plasmids. The CRISPR system is composed of DNA arrays containing short sequences identical to those present in phages and plasmids. These short DNAs are transcribed and processed by CRISPR associated proteins that also guide other CRISPR proteins to target the invading DNA. Only a few of the CRISPR components have been characterized to date and their mechanism of action is still largely unknown. Phage defense mechanisms probably have co-evolved against the CRISPR system, but none have yet been found. We propose to identify phage genes that counteract the CRISPR system. We will utilize screens that make use of the bacterial version of the yeast two-hybrid genetic system, phage genomic libraries, and biochemical assays to identify phage genes that help phages evade the CRISPR system. The candidate genes will be characterized both genetically and biochemically to allow structural studies of their interactions with the CRISPR system. These genes will then be cloned into commercial phages that are used to kill bacterial pathogens so that the phages acquire resistance to the CRISPR defense mechanism. We also propose to identify the yet unknown E. coli proteins that participate in the activity of the CRISPR system by using genetic screens of transposon insertion mutant libraries. The identification of novel proteins that participate in the CRISPR system will constitute a significant step toward the ultimate goal of reconstituting the complete system from purified proteins. Finally, we propose to clone all the components of the E. coli CRISPR system and render them functional in heterologous prokaryotic organisms such as attenuated strains of Salmonella, Shigella and more distantly related species such as Streptococci. Cloning the genes of the E. coli CRISPR system into heterologous bacteria will allow us to genetically address the role of each gene.

Keywords: microbial genetics,phage biology,molecular microbiology,prokaryotic defense systems
Colloidal quantum dot infrared photodetectors (COQUADOT)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Re-integration Grants
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Spain
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-RG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-04-01
End date: 2014-03-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Numerous applications extending from military (night vision, surveillance, airborne tracking) to civilian (pharmaceutical and food industry spectroscopy, environmental monitoring, machine and automotive vision, biomedical imaging) are based on infrared photodectors and imaging arrays that detect photons in the Mid Infrared (MWIR) 3 – 5 um and Long wavelength Infrared (LWIR) from 8 - 12 um. Although CdHgTe semiconductor compound offered efficient coverage of the infrared spectrum by varying the stoichiometry the exploitation of this material towards the fabrication of imaging sensors was proved very challenging due to the costly complex growth processes as well as due to inherent spatial non-uniformity issues. Dramatic progress has been made recently in the field of epitaxially grown quantum dots that offer significant advantages of controlled growth as well as normal incidence sensitivity and dramatically lower dark current densities. The main disadvantage of this new approach however lies on the high cost and complexity method of molecular beam epitaxy required to grow the quantum dots as well as the incompatibility with monolithic integration to silicon (CMOS) read-out circuitry. The advent of colloidal quantum dots has been established during the last decade, where the quantum dots can be synthesized in solution phase. Following the bottom-up approach, fabrication of thin films can then take place using room-temperature, low-cost, well-established techniques such as spraycasting and spincoating enabling large-scale manufacturing directly integrated onto CMOS platforms. In this proposal we combine the unique physical properties of quantum dots with the most desired chemical and processing properties of solution-processed materials to develop initially an infrared photodetector and subsequently an infrared imaging array system with high sensitivity and cost that is estimated to be two orders of magnitude lower than current approaches.

Keywords: nanocrystals,quantum dots,intersubband transitions,photodetectors,infrared
A Computational Systems Biology Approach to Reveal the Molecular Basis of Complex Diseases (EYLCOMPDISSYSBIO)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Re-integration Grants
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-RG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-04-01
End date: 2014-03-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie incurable complex diseases is essential for opening new avenues for treatment. In an effort to elucidate their mechanisms, complex diseases are increasingly studied using state-of-the-art high-throughput assays, including genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and mRNA profiling. However, each assay enables only a limited understanding of disease processes. GWAS typically identify many genomic loci whose relation to the disease was previously unknown, but do not reveal the loci’s mode of action. Likewise, mRNA profiling identify transcriptional changes that occur in disease, but do not reveal the cellular pathways leading to them. Integrative analysis of these valuable data has a great potential to reveal a much broader view of disease processes. I propose a novel network-based framework that infers disease pathways by relating the results of GWAS and mRNA profiling assays through known molecular interactions. Application of this approach to data of Parkinson disease will provide a novel functional view into the disease processes and facilitate the generation of hypotheses, which will be tested in silico and in vitro in collaboration with disease experts. The project aims are: 1. Create a probabilistic network model of the human interactome. 2. Develop network-optimization algorithms to distill and integrate disease data. 3. Identify new cellular pathways related to Parkinson disease. 4. Validate experimentally these new findings. This line of research became feasible owing to recent accumulation of large-scale disease data and relies on my extensive research experience in network biology. The computational framework may be applied to other complex diseases and can serve as a basis for fruitful collaborations with disease experts and pharmaceutical companies. The IRG award will help me obtain a permanent position at Ben Gurion University and will facilitate knowledge transfer to the EU.

Keywords: computational biology,genomics,proteomics,interactome network,genome-wide association,parkinson disease,systems biology
Morphoelasticity: The Mathematics and Mechanics of Biological Growth (MORPHOELASTICITY)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Re-integration Grants
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-RG, 2009)
Start date: 2011-06-28
End date: 2015-06-27
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This proposal concerns the mathematical study of growth, structure, and function in physiological and biological systems. The aim is to provide a rigorous mathematical framework for the study of different growth processes in biological systems and to model specific biological systems. The research is divided into interconnected themes with perspectives in pure mechanics, applied mathematics, and theoretical biology. At the foundational level, the development of a mathematical theory for biological growth is particularly difficult, as it must describe nonlinear biological materials evolving in time, and operating in large deformations. My goal is to study the foundations of the theory, which requires the generality of differential geometry, exact elasticity, and nonlinear thermodynamics. At the methodology level, I will develop mathematical tools to explore the consequences of growth processes in many systems, such as the dynamics of growth; the nonlinear stability analysis of growing systems with application to morphogenesis and pattern formation; and the study of reduced theories for rods and shells. The goal here is to gain insight into the fundamental coupling between growth, geometry, and stress in many biological systems. The driving force behind a theory of growth is the analysis and modelling of specific systems in collaboration with life scientists. Various applications in biology and physiology will be considered such bacterial and fungal systems, stems and leaves, solid tumours, arteries, brain morphology, and blood vessels. I have established such collaborations and I will expand their scope while at Oxford. Another goal of this work is to help bridge the gap between scientists from different communities such as plant biologists, biomedical engineers, and bio-physicists. Applied mathematics has a unique opportunity to offer a unified theory of biological growth and I intend to play a leading role in establishing this new field of study.

Keywords: applied mathematics,biomathematics,mechanics
THE USE OF INTERNATIONAL TAX ARRANGEMENTS TO PROMOTE GLOBAL WEALTH REDISTRIBUTION (INTLTAXFAIRNESS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Re-integration Grants
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Israel
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-RG, 2009)
Start date: 2010-05-17
End date: 2014-05-16
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 100000.0
EU funding (EUR): 100000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The proposed research seeks to determine how international tax arrangements could advance global wealth redistribution in a world of enhanced economic integration. Globalisation has placed traditional income tax systems under siege as domestic tax regimes fail to coordinate their actions to effectively tax cross border transactions. Furthermore, even though global markets operate in a world characterized by tremendous poverty and inequality, the international taxation literature rarely directly addresses issues of global distributive justice. If taxation is the price for civilization, then the burden of addressing issues of international taxation is the price for globalisation. The proposed research would stress that while international taxation may indeed be a cost of globalization, it is also a potentially powerful instrument to promote more just global market arrangements. To demonstrate this point, the proposal advances two related strands of research. The first strand would determine how international tax arrangements should be structured to take distributive considerations into account. Taxes involve big money, and therefore allocating the right-to-tax among nations has a distributional impact that should be addressed. This component of the proposal aims to establish the notion that international tax arrangements can promote global wealth redistribution more effectively than other tools such as trade regulation. The second research strand would demonstrate that a fair tax regime, which considers issues of redistribution, would also allow for stable multinational tax coordination. Including a fair redistributive component into such a tax-coordination arrangement would provide it with political legitimacy and incentivise developing countries to join it. The proposed research would develop this point in the context of the most salient problem within the contemporary tax arena, the taxation of multinationals.

Keywords: international taxation,political philosophy,international commerce,international relations,public finance.