Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Significance-Based Computing for Reliability and Power Optimization (SCORPIO)

Framework: FP7 — Cooperation
Programme: Information and Communication Technologies
Destination: Future and Emerging Technologies
Action type: Collaborative project
Countries involved: Greece,Switzerland,Germany,United Kingdom,France,Belgium
Call:  (FP7-ICT-2013-C, 2013)
Start date: 2013-06-01
End date: 2016-05-31
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2479567.0
EU funding (EUR): 1890775.0
Participants: 6
Project status: CLOSED

Manufacturing process variability at low geometries and power dissipation are the most challenging problems in the design of future computing systems. Currently manufacturers go to great lengths to guarantee fault-free operation of their products by introducing redundancy in voltage margins, conservative layout rules, and extra protection circuitry. However, such design redundancy may result into energy overheads. Energy overheads cannot be alleviated by lowering supply voltage below a nominal value without hardware components experiencing faulty operation due to timing errors. On the other hand, many modern workloads, such as multimedia, machine learning, visualization, etc. are designed to tolerate a degree of imprecision in computations and data. SCoRPiO seeks to exploit this observation and to relax reliability requirements for the hardware layer by allowing a controlled degree of imprecision to be introduced to computations and data. It proposes to introduce methodologies that allow the system- and application-software layers to synergistically characterize the significance of various parts of the program for the quality of the end result, and their tolerance to faults. Based on this information, extracted automatically or semi-automatically, the system software will steer computations and data to either low-power, yet unreliable or higher-power and reliable functional and storage units. In addition, the system will be able to aggressively reduce its power footprint by opportunistically powering hardware modules below nominal values. Significance-based computing lays the foundations for not only approaching the theoretical limits of energy reduction of CMOS technology, but moving beyond those limits by accepting hardware faults in a controlled manner. Significance-based computing promises to be a preferred alternative to dark silicon, which requires that large portions of a chip be powered-off in every cycle to avoid excessive power dissipation.

Keywords: reliability,power consumption,significance-based computing,runtime system
Interfacing Quantum Optical, Electrical, and Mechanical Systems (IQUOEMS)

Framework: FP7 — Cooperation
Programme: Information and Communication Technologies
Destination: Future and Emerging Technologies
Action type: Collaborative project
Countries involved: Italy,Switzerland,Austria,Denmark,Germany,Finland
Call:  (FP7-ICT-2013-C, 2013)
Start date: 2013-10-01
End date: 2016-12-31
Duration (months): 39.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2986692.0
EU funding (EUR): 2269320.0
Participants: 6
Project status: CLOSED

This project aims at the efficient realization of quantum interfaces for high-fidelity conversion and coherent manipulation of quantum states of phonons and of photons at vastly distinct wavelengths. We will consider different experimental platforms, e.g. photonic crystal cavities, nonlinear crystalline resonators, graphene-based nanoelectromechanical systems, and nanomembranes, with the aim of implementing interfaces that are able to interact simultaneously in a tunable way with optical and microwave fields. State transfer and controlled dynamics between radiation modes at completely different frequencies and between photons and phonons will be accomplished using diverse strategies, e.g. by tailoring the coupling of the interface with the fields, by exploiting electromagnetically-induced transparency, or the nonlinearities achievable in the strong coupling regime. The project results will enable new regimes for radio- and microwave electro-magnetic field detection, allowing quantum-limited amplification and readout of microwave and radio-frequency radiation. At the same time solid-state quantum devices which are now mainly manipulated by radiofrequencies and/or microwaves will become efficiently coupled to and controlled by optical fields.

Keywords: quantum interface,optical and microwave communications,nanomechanical resonators
Fast two-photon in vivo imaging and stimulation with simultaneous three-dimensional random-access scanning in multiple brain regions (3X3D IMAGING)

Framework: FP7 — Cooperation
Programme: Information and Communication Technologies
Destination: Future and Emerging Technologies
Action type: Collaborative project
Countries involved: Switzerland,Germany,Hungary,Hungary
Call:  (FP7-ICT-2013-C, 2013)
Start date: 2013-06-01
End date: 2016-11-30
Duration (months): 42.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2305232.0
EU funding (EUR): 1690999.0
Participants: 5
Project status: CLOSED

We propose to engineer and validate a novel random access three-dimensional two-photon (2P) laser scanning microscope which can simultaneously image three different brain regions in the three spatial dimensions (3x3D system), where each scanned volume can exceed cubic millimeters. Our 3x3D system, which allows the simultaneous recording of neuronal activity in multiple, functionally connected distant brain volumes, is essential for understanding distributed brain computations. As each site can be scanned with sub-millisecond temporal resolution in several hundred user defined locations, the activity of single neurons in neuronal microcircuits or even neuronal compartments such as dendrites or axons will be followed. Furthermore, by combining imaging with powerful genetic methods and 3D photo-activation, we will not only record from identified circuits but also map connectivity between regions. We will validate the capability of our 3x3D system by simultaneously performing retinal, lateral geniculate nucleus, and cortical 3D imaging and photo stimulation. No currently available technology is able to achieve such multi-region 3D recordings of neuronal activity, considering not only products on the market but scientific publications as well. In the long term, the project leader SME will release a high-value added product family to the world market based on the methods and results that are realized and validated during this project. Despite steep competition from overseas laboratories, the first single region 3D 2P brain imaging was invented in Europe. Now, having similarly heavy competition this project attempts to realize the first multi-region 3D 2P brain imaging microscope.

Keywords: two-photon microscopy,three-dimensional imaging,in vivo,neuronal network,dendritic imaging,visual cortex,laser scanning,large tissue volume,ultrafast lasers,retina,visual system,thalamus
Epigenetic, neural and cognitive memories of traumatic stress and violence (MEMOTV)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The Human Mind and its complexity
Countries involved: Germany
Call:  (ERC-2012-ADG_20120411, 2012)
Start date: 2013-08-01
End date: 2018-07-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2380780.0
EU funding (EUR): 2380780.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

MemoTV investigates the mechanisms through which stressful experiences shape memories in humans on epigenetic, neural and behavioural/cognitive levels. We will explore how these memories interact with cultural settings in ways that result in malfunctioning and mental suffering. Frequent exposure to the severe stressors associated with domestic and organised violence leads to the detrimental conditions associated with extreme and traumatic stress. Such exposure reorganises the functioning of the brain and mind in a lasting, self-perpetuating manner so that even very subtle cues, sometimes merely arising from imaginative processes alone, can continuously activate a corresponding stage of the defence cascade. We will investigate survivors of organised and domestic violence in different cultural settings: the German trauma clinic, Rio de Janeiro’s favelas, the townships of South Africa and a Burundian peace corps. Specifically, with regard to violence and trauma, MemoTV's ultimate goal is to identify the psycho-physiological mechanisms that lastingly alter the functional organisation of brain and mind. As means for suggesting methods to prevent and potentially reverse the consequences of maladaptive plasticity, MemoTV focuses on the exposure to and exertion of violence: (1) These extreme and intense stressors are thought to produce lasting changes. Reversing clinical symptoms and improving psychological functioning through treatment provides the detection of causal mechanisms. (2) The applicant’s group has demonstrated international leadership and expertise in field work in war-torn crisis regions. (3) The detection and influence of the mechanisms that govern the cycle of violence and adversity is a highly relevant societal topic. With its bold attempt to redefine the mind and its related functional brain organisation as interactive processes in the co-construction of humans from their genetic and socio-cultural systems, MemoTV enters an uncharted territory.

Keywords: traumatic stress violence and aggression eeg oscillations epigenetic methylation
Pacific Presences: Oceanic Art and European Museums (PAC-PRES)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Cultures and cultural production
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2012-ADG_20120411, 2012)
Start date: 2013-04-01
End date: 2018-03-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2270588.0
EU funding (EUR): 2270588.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This project investigates major ethnographic collections that entered European museums during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and have remained largely unstudied since. Focussing on materials from the Pacific that are now in museums in Russia, Germany, the Netherlands, France and the United Kingdom, it will use innovative cross-disciplinary methods to advance understandings of materiality, cross-cultural history, and museum policy and practice in Europe today. Led by the PI, a team of postdoctoral researchers based in Cambridge will investigate Oceanic collections across a range of European museums in unprecedented depth. They will work with a network of collaborators, including elders and community members in the Pacific Islands, and contemporary artists, who will provide a range of expert, customary, and experimental perspectives upon art works and genres, and upon the questions raised by collection histories and museum environments. The project will: 1. Theorise the constitution of collections, as complex, relational assemblages, never simple samples of local material cultures. 2. Use comparative methods to understand both the arts of Oceania and the making of European collections and museums. No study has yet analysed British, Dutch, French, German and Russian collecting histories together, nor asked how and why these inter-connected enterprises resulted in distinctive collections and museums. 3. Propose new, powerfully historicised approaches to presentations of Oceanic art, and world cultures generally, appropriate to the European museums of the twenty-first century.

Keywords: anthropology,encounters,entangled histories
Cardiac Control of Fear in Brain (CCFIB)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The Human Mind and its complexity
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2012-ADG_20120411, 2012)
Start date: 2013-06-01
End date: 2017-05-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1912383.0
EU funding (EUR): 1912383.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Imagine what might be possible if you can turn fear on and off. In exploring the contribution of bodily arousal to emotions, we uncovered a specific mechanism whereby the brain’s processing of threatening / fear stimuli is ‘gated’ by the occurrence of heartbeats: Fear stimuli presented when the heart has just made a beat are processed more effectively than at other times, modulating their emotional impact. We term this effect the Cardiac Control of Fear in Brain (CCFIB). Specifically, I wish to refine, develop and exploit CCFIB as; 1) a clinical screening tool for drugs and patients; 2) as the basis of an intervention to accelerate unlearning of fear, e.g. for treatment of anxiety disorders; 3) as a means to optimise and enrich human-machine interactions, in anticipation of the rapid development of virtual or augmented reality (VR/AR) as a therapeutic tool, and to open possibilities for improving machine operation. This ground-breaking project will have impact in many areas, notably in the clinical management of anxiety disorders, which affect 69.1 million European Union citizens at an annual cost of €74.4 billion, and in the educational, recreational and occupational realms of human-machine interaction. The proposal 1) will refine knowledge about the neurochemistry and stimulus-specificity of CCFIB for implementation as a clinical screening tool, using pharmacological and neuroimaging methods. 2) Test in clinical anxiety patients the power of CCFIB to predict symptom profile and response to psychological and pharmacological treatment. 3) Optimize CCFIB to augment psychological and behavioural treatments and validate this in phobic individuals. 4) Instantiate CCFIB in VR/AR settings to enhance engagement with virtual environments, develop VR/AR as a ‘training platform’ in clinical and recreational contexts and to demonstrate how reactions to rapid threats fluctuate with cardiac cycle, motivating corresponding changes in sensitivity of user interfaces (e.g. brakes).

Keywords: autonomic nervous system,psychopharmacolog,neuroimaging
Cognitive Biases - Windows into the Mechanisms underlying Emotional Vulnerability and Resilience (COGBIAS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The Human Mind and its complexity
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2012-ADG_20120411, 2012)
Start date: 2013-10-01
End date: 2019-09-30
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2486937.0
EU funding (EUR): 2486937.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Every person responds to life's difficulties in different ways. But why do some 'suffer the slings and arrows of outragerous fortune' and other 'take arms against a sea of trouble'. There are those who are vulnerable and fragile, falling prey to anxiety, depression and a range of compulsions that, left unattended, can easily turn into addicitons. Then there are the those who irrespective of what life throws at them, always seem able to cope. Moreover, a small proportion of these resilient people seem to truly flourish. Rather than "being OK" they live lives of optimal mental health. Why? The proposed project aims to find some answers to these questions as well as developing straightforward methods to help people boost their own mental wellbeing from whatever the starting point. The project is truly innovative in harnessing recent advances in molecular genetics that allow for the identification of sets of genes that we know influence the development of toxic and protective cognitive biases, and matching this with cutting-edge innovations in cognitive psychology that allow researchers to instill and modify cognitive biases under laboratory conditions. When combined with advances in Internet technology these techniques provide truly exciting possibilities for implementing "cognitive bias modification" (CBM) interventions in people's own homes or on their mobile devices. Even without the added benefit of a genetic component this research is likely to make important advances in our understanding of emotional vulnerability and resilience. But, including a genetic component, while challenging, provides the potential to make major and genuine breakthroughs in our ability to enhance human wellbeing

Keywords: cognitive bias,cogntive bias modification,attentional bias,genetic profile scores,serotonin transporter gene,emotional vulnerability,emotional resilience
Contexts of Opportunity: Explaining Cross-National Variation in the Links Between Childhood Disadvantage, Young Adult Demographic Behaviour and Later-Life Outcomes (CONOPP)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Environment and society
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (ERC-2012-ADG_20120411, 2012)
Start date: 2013-06-01
End date: 2018-05-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1545000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1545000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

In an era of worldwide increasing inequalities, key social science issues about the production and reproduction of social inequality gain renewed attention. One central issue is the role played by demographic events and trajectories in producing and reproducing inequalities. This proposal examines this issue by studying the relationships between the experience of childhood social disadvantage, demographic decision-making during young adulthood and later-life economic, social and health outcomes from a comparative perspective. The key contribution of this proposal is that it studies cross-national variation in the strength of these relationships and focuses on one general explanation: the strength of the relationships depend on the opportunities that societies offer to abate the adverse impact of economic and social deprivation. I will pay attention to three aspects of the national context: (1) economic aspects, like the level of economic development and growth in a country, (2) cultural aspects, like the extent to which strong norms on family-related behaviour are operative, and (3) aspects of institutional arrangements, like the openness of the educational system, and existing family policies and general social policies. I will test whether the strength of the links between childhood disadvantage, young adult demographic behaviour and subsequent outcomes depend on these three aspects of the ‘contexts of opportunity’. To test these ideas, I will use retrospective and prospective data from the Generations and Gender Programme, and use a combination of sophisticated methods, including multi-level analysis, latent variable analysis and sequence analysis. In doing so, this project will elucidate the role of demography in the reproduction of inequalities and highlight key opportunity structures that influence the strength of the relevant links between social background, young adult demographic behaviours and subsequent outcomes.

Keywords: life-course theory international comparisons causes and consequences of demographic behaviour
The Milking Revolution in Temperate Neolithic Europe (NEOMILK)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The study of the human past
Countries involved: United Kingdom,France,United Kingdom,United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2012-ADG_20120411, 2012)
Start date: 2013-06-01
End date: 2018-05-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2464752.0
EU funding (EUR): 2464752.0
Participants: 4
Project status: CLOSED

This project explores the introduction and spread of cattle-based agriculture by Neolithic Linearbandkeramik (LBK) farmers and its implications for modelling of the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in Northern and Central Europe beginning ca. 8,000 years ago. This revolutionary shift in human subsistence strategy completely reshaped prehistoric European culture, biology and economy, in ways which underlie modern life virtually worldwide. These changes underpinned the evolution of Lactase Persistence (LP) amongst modern Europeans, while the multi-billion Euro modern dairy economy is a direct consequence of human-induced biological reformulations made in this critical phase in European prehistory. The distinctive pottery that defines the LBK holds the key to understanding the changing roles of animals in the diets, economies and evolutionary genetics of LBK people. The project integrates three research themes: 1. Lipid biomarker and stable isotope analyses of food residues in LBK pottery to provide assessments of the major animal products acquired and processed, to test hypotheses emerging from recent genetic studies indicating the LBK as the core region for the emergence of LP; 2. State-of-the-art analyses, including stable isotope studies of domesticated animal teeth (and bone), of herding and slaughtering practices for cattle and sheep/goats and wild/hunted species compositions, butchery practices, meat and fat exploitation, to define animal husbandry related to the intensification of cattle herding and milking, and 3. Statistical modelling of lipid residue, isotopic and dating evidence from pottery and animal remains, with cultural and palaeoenvironmental records to identify the critical influences on managing and processing animals for meat and milk. The project will provide a unique picture of animal exploitation and milk use across the entire spatiotemporal range of the LBK embedded within a proper environmental and cultural framework.

Keywords: biomolecular archaeology neolithic farming animals linearbandkeramik organic residue analysis lipids stable isotopes pottery zooarchaeology bones statisical modelling milk use cattle faunal analysis