Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
REnewable Low TEmperature District (RELaTED)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Societal Challenges
Programme: Secure, clean and efficient energy
Theme: Reducing energy consumption and carbon foorpint by smart and sustainable use
Action type: Innovation actions
Countries involved: Spain,Estonia,Spain,Belgium,Norway,Serbia,Poland,Sweden,Denmark,Denmark
Call: New heating and cooling solutions using low grade sources of thermal energy (H2020-EE-2017-RIA-IA, 2017)
Start date: 2017-11-01
End date: 2022-06-30
Duration (months): 56.0
Total project cost (EUR): 4650631.53
EU funding (EUR): 3943251.26
Participants: 18
Project status: CLOSED

District heating (DH) systems are one of the most energy efficient heating systems in urban environments, with proven reliability within many decades already. DHs have traditionally been designed to be operated in a hierarchized way, with central energy production facilities delivering heat to a variety of distributed consumption locations. DHs are identified as key systems to achieve the de-carbonization of heating energy in European Cities. Renewable and waste heat sources are foreseen at the same time as de-carbonized heat sources and the way to guarantee competitive energy costs with limited influence of fossil fuel supply price volatility. To achieve this, conversion of DHs is needed regarding: - The reduction of their operation temperature to avoid current technical constraints in the integration of low-grade industrial heat sources, - The introduction of larger shares of renewable energy sources (RES) in the DH network. - The introduction of distributed heat sources (reject heat from cooling equipment...). - To guarantee economic viability with the trend of DH heat load reduction due to the evolution of the building stock toward NZEB (Near Zero Energy Buildings). RELaTED will provide an innovative concept of decentralized Ultra-Low Temperature (ULT) DH networks, which allow for the incorporation of low-grade heat sources with minimal constraints. Also, ULT DH reduce operational costs due to fewer heat losses, better energy performance of heat generation plants and extensive use of de-carbonized energy sources at low marginal costs. The RELaTED ULT DH concept will be demonstrated in four complementary operation environments (new and existing DH, locations, climatic conditions, dimension…) in Denmark, Estonia, Serbia and Spain. RELaTED approach will follow the strategy of the electrical smart grids, in which energy generation is decentralized and consumers evolve to prosumers (they consume and produce energy).

Keywords: district heating,ultra low temperature,renewable energy sources,industrial waste heat,building integrated solar thermal,dh substations,reversible heat pumps,demonstration
Three-dimensional spectral modelling of astrophysical transients : unravelling the nucleosynthetic content of supernovae and kilonovae (SUPERSPEC)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Universe sciences
Panel description: Astro-physics/-chemistry/-biology; solar system; planetary systems; stellar, galactic and extragalactic astronomy; cosmology; space sciences; astronomical instrumentation and data
Countries involved: Sweden
Call: ERC Starting Grant (ERC-2018-STG, 2018)
Start date: 2019-10-01
End date: 2024-09-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1500000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1500000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

Determining the origin of the elements is a fundamental quest in physics and astronomy. Most of the elements in the periodic table are believed to be produced by supernovae and kilonovae. However, this has for decades been little more than a prediction from theory. Now, with a dramatically changing observational situation and new modelling capabilities, it is within our reach to determine the nucleosynthesis production and structure in these transients. To really see what supernovae and kilonovae contain, we must study their spectra in the later so called nebular phase when the inner regions become visible. This project is aimed at establishing the first picture of the origin of elements by determining the yields from supernovae and kilonovae using such analysis. To do this, new spectral synthesis methods need to be developed considering the necessary microphysical (ejecta chemistry, r-process physics, time-dependent gas state) and macrophysical (3D radiation transport) processes to obtain sufficient accuracy. These tools will then be applied to the first 3D explosion simulations of these transients now becoming available. When applied to the growing library of data emerging from automated surveys and follow-up programs, as well to the recent first kilonova observations, this will provide a breakthrough in our understanding of these transients. This development will not only allow a determination of cosmic element production, but also allow tests of theories for stellar evolution, nucleosynthesis, and explosion processes. This will in turn have fundamental impact on several fields of astrophysics such as population synthesis, galactic chemical evolution modelling, and understanding of mass transfer in the progenitor systems. It has a strong connection to recent detections of stellar-mass black holes and merging neutron stars by gravitational waves.

Keywords: supernovae,nucleosynthesis,radiative transfer,massive stars,atomic physics,computational physics
P-adic Arithmetic Geometry, Torsion Classes, and Modularity (PariTorMod)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Mathematics
Panel description: All areas of mathematics, pure and applied, plus mathematical foundations of computer science, mathematical physics and statistics
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call: ERC Starting Grant (ERC-2018-STG, 2018)
Start date: 2019-01-01
End date: 2024-09-30
Duration (months): 69.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1469805.0
EU funding (EUR): 1469805.0
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

The overall theme of the proposal is the interplay between p-adic arithmetic geometry and the Langlands correspondence for number fields. At the heart of the Langlands program lies reciprocity, which connects Galois representations to automorphic forms. Recently, new developments in p-adic arithmetic geometry, such as the theory of perfectoid spaces, have had a transformative effect on the field. This proposal would establish a research group that will develop and exploit novel techniques, that will allow us to move significantly beyond the state of art. I intend to make fundamental progress on three major interlinked problems. Torsion in the cohomology of Shimura varieties: in joint work with Scholze, I proved a strong vanishing result for torsion in the cohomology of compact unitary Shimura varieties. In work in progress, we have extended this to many non-compact cases. To obtain a complete picture, I propose to develop new techniques using point-counting and the trace formula and combine them with ingredients from arithmetic geometry. Local-global compatibility is essential for establishing new instances of Langlands reciprocity. I will use the results on Shimura varieties described above to prove local-global compatibility for torsion in the cohomology of locally symmetric spaces for general linear groups over CM fields. This is one of the fundamental questions in the field. Solving it will require progress on a diverse set of problems in representation theory and integral p-adic Hodge theory. The Fontaine–Mazur conjecture is the most general reciprocity conjecture. Very little is known outside the case of two-dimensional representations of the absolute Galois group of the rational numbers, which relies crucially on a connection to p-adic local Langlands. I will attack the Fontaine–Mazur conjecture for imaginary quadratic fields. Some crucial inputs will come from the first two projects above.

Keywords: automorphic forms,galois representations,shimura varieties,torsion classes
Monitoring Earth Evolution Through Time (MEET)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Synergy grants
Action type: ERC actions
Countries involved: Germany,Germany,France,France,United States
Call: ERC Synergy Grant (ERC-2019-SyG, 2019)
Start date: 2020-11-01
End date: 2026-10-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 12805031.01
EU funding (EUR): 12805031.0
Participants: 6
Project status: SIGNED

Efforts to reconstruct the early Earth evolution lack critical information on the contents of mobile and volatile elements and their isotope signatures in the mantle and crust. Fortunately, this information is preserved in inclusions of melt in relicts of olivine from komatiites and picrites, and zircons from mafic and felsic rocks. In Aim I, we will use compositions and temperatures of primary mantle-derived melts reconstructed from the study of melt inclusions in olivine from komatiites and picrites to constrain the evolution of mantle composition. We will further study crust-formation, crust-mantle recycling, and crust-hydrosphere exchange based on composition of melt inclusions and host zircons. We will analyse a wide range of volatile elements and their isotopes in homogenized melt inclusions and the elemental and isotopic compositions of host olivines and zircons. The samples come from 24 localities of komatiites and picrites originating at different cratons between 3.7 and 0.06 Ga, and detrital and magmatic zircons with ages from 4.4 Ga to present. We will apply published and new models to constrain the temperatures and compositions of mantle and crustal sources. In Aim II, geodynamic modelling will relate our observations to the evolution of mantle convection, crustal production and recycling, and plate tectonics (PT). We will couple geodynamic modelling with surface and climate models and use derived geochemical proxies to test our hypotheses on the importance of surface processes in evolution of PT. We will thus address several fundamental issues: the rate of crustal growth and recycling through time; the cause and timing of the onset of large-scale subduction and PT, and factors controlling its evolution; concentration and origin of H2O and halogens in the deep mantle, and the extent (if any) of core-mantle interaction. MEET will, therefore, offer an unprecedented look at the evolution of Earth from 4.4 Ga to today, and from the atmosphere to the core.

Keywords: earth mantle,earth crust,geodynamics,melt inclusions,olivine,zircon,spinel
Thermal and mechanical behaviours of geopolymer concrete at elevated temperatures (TemGPC)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Information Science and Engineering
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2020, 2020)
Start date: 2022-01-01
End date: 2024-02-06
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 224933.76
EU funding (EUR): 224933.76
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

Concrete is a non-uniform, multi-phase porous material. With the increase in temperature, the chemical configuration of the material changes, and the mortar and coarse aggregate, owing to their different thermal expansions, will produce different thermal stresses, thereby reducing their bonding strength. The thermal and mechanical behaviours of geopolymer concrete that uses geopolymer to replace traditional Portland cement, are different from those of Portland cement concrete in many ways. In order to enable the widespread and safe use of geopolymer concrete in construction industry where fire safety is extremely important, this project will carry out a systematic study on the thermal and mechanical behaviours of geopolymer concrete at elevated temperatures. The study includes the effect of temperature on the thermal and mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete and the combined effect of the initial stress and temperature on the constitutive relation of geopolymer concrete at various different temperatures. The research methodology includes the use of advanced experimental testing techniques and multi-physics and multi-phases computer modelling, and the development of theoretical models based on the results obtained from both the experimental and numerical studies. The research will create new knowledge and improve our understanding on the temperature effect on concrete behaviour and performance. The work will help maintain EU excellence in concrete research. The outcome of the project can also lead to the development of new types of concrete with targeted performance. This project covers a wide range of disciplines including materials, chemistry, physics, engineering, and computer science. Through the project the individual fellowship will significantly improve his interdisciplinary knowledge and innovative research skills as well as his career development.

Keywords: geopolymer concrete,thermal,mechanical,elevated temperatures
Genetics of human hair form diversity (HairGen)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Life Sciences
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call: Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships (IF-EF) (H2020-MSCA-IF-2015, 2015)
Start date: 2016-09-01
End date: 2018-09-25
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 195454.8
EU funding (EUR): 195454.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

One of the key challenges in human genetics is to understand the genetic architecture of phenotypic traits. Hair comprises a distinct part of one’s physical identity and its form varies across and within populations. Despite the significant progress made by genome-wide association studies (GWAS), much of the human hair variation remains unexplained. Therefore, a comprehensive study focused on uncovering genetic determinants of human hair form is needed. The aims of the present project are three fold. First, to use self-reported hair forms as a paradigm to perform in-depth macroscopic and microscopic analyses focusing on hair dimensions that may vary across major hair forms. Additionally, curliness of hair samples will be quantified. Second, to perform a genome-wide association study to identify loci underlying contemporary variation in hair form. To this end, we have hair samples from ~2,700 participants collected from a diverse set of populations and genotypes for >600,000 SNPs. Third, to select the most promising of the identified variants for functional analysis and use the cutting-edge technology of CRISPR/cas9 genome editing in mice to evaluate the hair phenotypes. This will be further complemented with assessment of their skin via histological methods to study the structural and developmental changes associated with the variants. The project will help to refine the available methods for classification of hair form and identify some of the genes underlying variation in hair form. Most importantly, HairGen will use the novel approach of genome editing in mice to investigate the functional role of the variant, thereby contributing to broader knowledge in the field. This proposal brings together a fellow with relevant background in study of phenotypic trait together with leading experts in the field of anthropology, molecular genetics, and phenotype modeling.

Keywords: hair,hair form,phenotype,genome editing,mice,crispr,phenotypic trait,human,genetics,curliness,genotype
Transient Relativistic eXplosions (TReX)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Universe sciences
Panel description: Astro-physics/-chemistry/-biology; solar system; planetary systems; stellar, galactic and extragalactic astronomy; cosmology; space sciences; astronomical instrumentation and data
Countries involved: Israel
Call: ERC Advanced Grant (ERC-2015-AdG, 2015)
Start date: 2016-10-01
End date: 2022-09-30
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1449375.0
EU funding (EUR): 1449375.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The recent and upcoming deep and large field of view surveys has ascribed transient sources an ever-increasing role in 21st century astronomy. We propose to explore three relativistic transients: Compact binary mergers; Stellar disruption by massive black holes (TDEs) and Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs). Mergers are the prime targets of advanced Gravitational Waves (GW) detectors. Their detection will open a new window on the Universe. However localization, based on electromagnetic (EM) counterparts, that we propose to study here, is essential for GW Astronomy. TDEs provide a novel view on galactic centers’ massive black holes. However, TDE observations pose some puzzles, suggesting that a revision of the current tidal disruption theory is needed. New observations provide a wealth of data on GRBs and this is the time to determine their inner workings and to obtain a clear model for the prompt emission mechanism – a long standing puzzle. This project includes theoretical modeling of these events as well as phenomenology of the observations and even some data analysis and observations. Mergers, TDEs and GRBs, are tightly interconnected and share similar physical mechanisms. The theory of merger radio flares and of TDE’s radio emission draws, for example, on GRBs’ afterglow theory and the interpretation of TDE high-energy emission is based on concepts borrowed from the prompt emission of GRBs. A coordinated theoretical study will reveal and utilize the commonalities of these phenomena and has a strong potential to obtain far reaching results beyond the current state of the art with possible implications to other high energy astrophysical phenomena. While this is a theoretical proposal we address at all stages directly observational issues. Hence the proposal is closely related to observations - interpreting existing puzzling observations, predicting new ones or suggesting strategies how to obtain them.
Adaptive Optical Microscopy Systems: Unifying theory, practice and applications (AdOMiS)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Advanced grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Systems and communication engineering
Panel description: Electrical, electronic, communication, optical and systems engineering
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call: ERC Advanced Grant (ERC-2015-AdG, 2015)
Start date: 2016-09-01
End date: 2022-08-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 3234789.0
EU funding (EUR): 3234789.0
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

Recent technological advances in optical microscopy have vastly broadened the possibilities for applications in the biomedical sciences. Fluorescence microscopy is the central tool for investigation of molecular structures and dynamics that take place in the cellular and tissue environment. Coupled with progress in labeling methods, these microscopes permit observation of biological structures and processes with unprecedented sensitivity and resolution. This work has been enabled by the engineering development of diverse optical systems that provide different capabilities for the imaging toolkit. All such methods rely upon high fidelity optics to provide optimal resolution and efficiency, but they all suffer from aberrations caused by refractive index variations within the specimen. It is widely accepted that in many applications this fundamental problem prevents optimum operation and limits capability. Adaptive optics (AO) has been introduced to overcome these limitations by correcting aberrations and a range of demonstrations has shown clearly its potential. Indeed, it shows great promise to improve virtually all types of research or commercial microscopes, but significant challenges must still be met before AO can be widely implemented in routine imaging. Current advances are being made through development of bespoke AO solutions to individual imaging tasks. However, the diversity of microscopy methods means that individual solutions are often not translatable to other systems. This proposal is directed towards the creation of theoretical and practical frameworks that tie together AO concepts and provide a suite of scientific tools with broad application. This will be achieved through a systems approach that encompasses theoretical modelling, optical engineering and the requirements of biological applications. Additional outputs will include practical designs, operating protocols and software algorithms that will support next generation AO microscope systems.

Keywords: optical systems engineering,adaptive optics,biomedical microscopy
Property and Democratic Citizenship: The Impact of Moral Assumptions, Policy Regulations, and Market Mechanisms on Experiences of Eviction (PaDC)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Consolidator grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Cultures and cultural production
Panel description: Literary studies, cultural studies, study of the arts, philosophy
Countries involved: Spain,Belgium,Netherlands
Call: ERC Consolidator Grant (ERC-2017-COG, 2017)
Start date: 2018-09-01
End date: 2024-08-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1970687.5
EU funding (EUR): 1743731.09
Participants: 3
Project status: SIGNED

This research explores the impact of property regimes on experiences of citizenship across five democratic countries: Greece, The Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom and the United States. Property rights are a foundational element of democracy, but the right to private property exists in tension with values of equality and a right to shelter. An investigation of property is urgent given the recent normalisation of economic models that have resulted in millions of evictions every year. Through an ethnographic study of eviction this research provides a comparative analysis of the benefits and limitations of contemporary property regimes for democratic citizenship. A property regime is defined as the combination of moral discourses about real landed property with the regulatory policies and market mechanisms that shape the use, sale and purchase of property. The selected countries represent a diverse set of property regimes, but all five are experiencing a housing and eviction crisis that has created new geographies of disadvantage, exacerbated inequalities of race, gender, age and income, and led to social unrest. Building on the PI's previous research into citizen-driven democratic innovation, this research critically examines the concept of property through a novel methodology dubbed 'conflictive context construction' that employs a qualitative approach centred on moments of conflict resulting from the use, sale or purchase of specific properties to answer: how do property regimes shape people's experience of citizenship and what can this tell us about the role of property in contemporary models of democratic governance? The high gain of this research lies in the opportunity to rethink the role of property within democracy based on extensive empirical data about how moral assumptions combine with particular ways of regulating and marketing property to exacerbate, alleviate or create inequalities within contemporary experiences of democratic citizenship.

Keywords: ethnography,property rights,citizenship,democracy,housing,eviction