Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Arabic Commentaries on the Hippocratic Aphorisms (ARABCOMMAPH)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The study of the human past
Countries involved: United Kingdom,United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2011-StG_20101124, 2011)
Start date: 2012-02-01
End date: 2017-07-31
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1499968.0
EU funding (EUR): 1499968.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

The Hippocratic Aphorisms have exerted a singular influence over generations of physicians both in the East and in the West. Galen (d. c. 216) produced an extensive commentary on this text, as did other medical authors writing in Greek, Latin, Arabic, and Hebrew. The Arabic tradition is particularly rich, with more than a dozen commentaries extant in over a hundred manuscripts. These Arabic commentaries did not merely contain scholastic debates, but constituted important venues for innovation and change. Moreover, they impacted on medical practice, as the Aphorisms were so popular that both doctors and their patients knew them by heart. Despite their importance for medical theory and practice, previous scholarship on them has barely scratched the surface. Put succinctly, the present project breaks new ground by conducting an in-depth study of this tradition through a highly innovative methodology: it approaches the available evidence as a corpus, to be constituted electronically, and to be analysed in an interdisciplinary way. We propose to survey the manuscript tradition of the Arabic commentaries on the Hippocratic Aphorisms, beginning with Ḥunayn ibn ʾIsḥāq’s Arabic translation of Galen’s commentary. On the basis of this philological survey that will employ a new approach to stemmatics, we shall produce provisional electronic XML editions of the commentaries. These texts will constitute the corpus, some 600,000 words long, that we shall investigate through the latest IT tools to address a set of interdisciplinary problems: textual criticism of the Greek sources; Graeco-Arabic translation technique; methods of quotation; hermeneutic procedures; development of medical theory; medical practice; and social history of medicine. Both in approach and scope, the project will bring about a paradigm shift in our study of exegetical cultures in Arabic, and the role that commentaries played in the transmission and transformation of scientific knowledge.

Keywords: history,medicine,greek,arabic,islam,commentaries,syriac,exegesis
Monitoring modernity: A comparative analysis of practices of social imagination in the monitoring of global flows of goods, capital and persons (MONITORING)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Institutions, values, beliefs and behaviour
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (ERC-2011-StG_20101124, 2011)
Start date: 2012-09-01
End date: 2017-08-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1353255.0
EU funding (EUR): 1353255.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

This project aims to study institutions specialized in visualizing society. Such institutions have proliferated in recent decades. From regulatory bodies to auditing institutions and regimes of supervision, from monitoring agencies to surveillance apparatuses, social life is full of reflexive spaces specialized in the visualization of that social life. Much of social theory assumes that societies exist on the basis of a work of imagination, yet very little comparative cross-sectional work exists on such ‘social imagination’. Much can be learned about social life when the institutions it brings forth to observe that social life are observed sociologically. In four subprojects, this research investigates: 1) How societies are imagined through the visualization of the border between society and nature, particularly in the context of the assessment of global flows of goods in: a) measurements of climate change, and b) the visualization of the economy and its implicit understanding of nature as mediated through production; 2) How economic borders, risks and responsibilities are imagined by the regulation and oversight of global flows of capital; 3) How national societies are imagined by the social scientific measurement of global flows of persons, notably immigrants in the assessment of their integration; 4) How the social space of the EU is imagined by the surveillance of global flows of persons, notably irregular migrants, by means of specialized EU-databases. This project is innovative in three ways. First, it is the first comparative cross-sectional study of the professionalized practice of the ‘imaginary constitution of society’. Second, it integrates theories and methods from various fields. Third, it renews understanding of the practical assemblage of imagined collectives such as ‘national societies’, and contributes to ‘globalization theory’ by analyzing the everyday routinized ways in which ‘global assemblages’ produce plausible boundaries and localities.

Keywords: surveillance,monitoring,social imagination
Development of a selective, green solvent-based recovery process for waste polystyrene and polycarbonate (POLY-SOLVE)

Framework: FP7 — Capacities
Programme: Research for the benefit of SMEs
Destination: Research for SME associations
Action type: Research for the benefit of specific groups
Countries involved: Belgium,United Kingdom,Germany,Belgium,United Kingdom,Spain,Hungary
Call:  (FP7-SME-2011, 2011)
Start date: 2011-12-01
End date: 2014-11-30
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1950577.4
EU funding (EUR): 1510300.0
Participants: 9
Project status: CLOSED

Expanded polystyrene is widely used as packaging for foodstuffs and for shipping. Several hundred thousand tonnes of polystyrene are sent unnecessarily to landfill every year in the UK and Europe, where it does not biodegrade but persists for hundreds of years. Meanwhile, oil-derived feedstocks are being consumed in the production of new polystyrene. Recycling systems for polystyrene are underdeveloped compared to those in existence for many other plastics, owing to the unfavourable economics of collecting and recycling low density material. The proposed project will develop a new process by which an environmentally friendly and selective solvent is used to dissolve and recycle polystyrene waste into a highpurity product comparable to virgin material. A novel thermoplastic recovery system will be developed and integrated within a modular, scalable recycling process. This will facilitate: • Reduced pressure on oil feedstocks for virgin polystyrene production • High value-added product manufactured from effectively zero-value waste, to be sold by the end user The technology will build on the success already achieved under the UK TSB-funded “HiPerPol” project, whereby solvent-based systems have been developed for the selective separation of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyethylene (PE) from mixed plastic waste streams. The extension of the technology to polystyrene and polycarbonate will greatly increase the capability of this technology to deal with the high volumes of mixed polymer waste, whereby individual polymers can be separated and recycled at a far higher degree of purity (and consequently value) than is currently possible. The process can also be extended to other thermoplastics.

Keywords: polystyrene,selective solvent,recycle,novel thermoplastic recovery system,plastic waste,non-biodegradable pollutants,polyethlene,polyvinyl chloride,virgin polystyrene,zero-value waste
Living Poets: A New Approach to Ancient Poetry (LIVING POETS)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Cultures and cultural production
Countries involved: United Kingdom,United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2011-StG_20101124, 2011)
Start date: 2012-01-01
End date: 2015-09-30
Duration (months): 45.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1124295.0
EU funding (EUR): 1124295.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

The aim of this project is to develop a new approach to classical poetry, based on how listeners and readers imagined the Greek and Roman poets. From antiquity to the present, people have produced narrative and visual representations of the ancient poets, drawing from three main sources: their understanding of classical poetry, other representations, and their own personal, lived experience. The main contention of this project is that such representations tell us something crucial – not about the actual poets of Greece and Rome, but about their readers. Classical poetry has been transmitted for over two millennia: this project focuses on the people who recognised its value, and reconfigured its relevance for their particular contexts. An analysis of how they imagined the poets offers a powerful means of investigating the shifting social and cultural value of classical poetry from antiquity to the present. Living Poets opens up new horizons for scholarship in two ways: at a conceptual level, by repositioning authors and readers in the study of classical culture; at a practical level, by creating an innovative electronic tool which connects representations of the ancient poets dating from antiquity to the present (i.e. the Lives of the poets, ancient portraits, and a representative selection of later representations). Barriers of discipline, language, culture and status have often prevented scholars from exploring the ways in which images of the ancient poets permeate both high and popular culture – and connect different readers across time and space. The system’s electronic nature ensures that the new approach is dynamic and flexible. It facilitates cooperation between scholars in different disciplines (e.g. classics, medieval studies, renaissance studies, modern literatures, history of art, archaeology, cultural geography, anthropology and literary theory), widens access to the materials collected, and transforms the way research on them is carried out.

Keywords: textual philology,literary theory,and reception studies. visual theory and the relationship between text and image. landscape,memory,and cultural production.
Innovative inspection techniques for laser powder deposition quality control (INTRAPID)

Framework: FP7 — Capacities
Programme: Research for the benefit of SMEs
Destination: Research for SMEs
Action type: Research for the benefit of specific groups
Countries involved: United Kingdom,Spain,Poland,Italy,Belgium,Italy
Call:  (FP7-SME-2011, 2011)
Start date: 2011-09-01
End date: 2013-08-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1442306.4
EU funding (EUR): 1122700.0
Participants: 8
Project status: CLOSED

Laser Powder Deposition is a recently developed technology for manufacture of small intricate metal parts such as those used in aerospace and automobile engines. This technology has significant potential advantages over conventional casting methods in that small parts with internal features can be built, enabling special processes and light structures to be constructed. The powder deposition process works by melting a layer of powder in a pattern determined by the path of a laser. The layers are either 500 μm or 20-50 μm thick depending on the process used. To take full advantage of the intricacy of form enabled by these additive technology approaches in these applications commensurate non-destructive inspection capability is needed which can support the cycle times needed in Rapid Agile manufacture of high performance, high loading efficiency structures. This requires an inspection process capable of handling the complex evolving forms, in cycle with a processing environment with a feature resolution on a scale relevant to the component structural elements. This project aims to address this problem and provide non-destructive testing techniques with known capabilities for the process. Objectives: • To provide inspection methods for the laser powder deposition process with known capability. • To manufacture a prototype laser powder deposition manufacturing system with known inspection capabilities and to demonstrate these capabilities. Candidate inspection technologies have been identified that have potential to provide the inspection capability. Note that these will probably need to be robotically deployed and remotely operated within the laser cell between the deposition of each layer. Eddy current, ultrasound signals generated by lasers, thermal patterns and optical methods for surface distortion measurement technologies will be evaluated, developed and the performance established for the range of defects and sizes required.

Keywords: laser powder deposition,light structures,high performance,high loading efficiency structures,resolution,non-destructive testing,laser,eddy current,ultrasound,thermal patterns,optical,sizes
Global traffic in illicit cultural objects: developing knowledge for improving interventions in a transnational criminal market (GTICO)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Institutions, values, beliefs and behaviour
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (ERC-2011-StG_20101124, 2011)
Start date: 2012-02-01
End date: 2016-01-31
Duration (months): 48.0
Total project cost (EUR): 989771.81
EU funding (EUR): 989771.81
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The research seeks to push the boundaries of our understanding of, and social and legal responses to, trafficking in illicit cultural objects. The global market in illicit cultural objects is a structure of relatively rich consumers at one end of the supply chain (collectors, dealers, museums) and relatively poor looters at the other end, in source countries characterised by high levels of the 'natural resource' of cultural objects and low levels of policing resource to devote to their protection against looting (i.e. usually illegal excavation) and other forms of theft. While there has been some research into the market, compared to other international criminal markets such as the drugs trade, very little is known about the motives and activities of participants in the international trade in illicit cultural objects, their trading norms and routines, the pricing structures and criminal mark-ups, mechanisms of smuggling used in this market in order to avoid detection at customs and by other law enforcement agencies, etc. Even such apparently simple matters as the relative size of the criminal side of the antiquities trade are not currently known. Structures of international, and domestic national, law and regulation have been established in response to the moral concern the illicit trade raises, rather than being based on an evidence-oriented investigation of the practical elements of the trade mentioned. While some of these regulatory efforts have had modest success, for the most part they have been a failure in stopping the illicit trade, which continues today. This research proposal establishes a multi-method and multi-sited programme of research which aims to gather and analyse all available evidence on the trade, produce new measures of size and illicit activity using innovative methodological approaches and new data sources, and conduct ethnographic research into the illicit trade. All these data sources will be used to devise best practice in regulation.

Keywords: illicit antiquities,cultural objects/heritage/property,looting,plunder,transnational criminal markets,law,regulation,import,export,smuggling,trafficking,dealers,organised crime
The Logical Structure of Correlated Information Change (LOGICIC)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The Human Mind and its complexity
Countries involved: Netherlands
Call:  (ERC-2011-StG_20101124, 2011)
Start date: 2012-01-01
End date: 2016-12-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1380650.0
EU funding (EUR): 1380650.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The standard logical approaches to belief revision or scientific theory change assume either that the reality under investigation is static or at least that the ontic changes are un-correlated with the doxastic/epistemic change. But in numerous situations, the very act of learning new information may change the reality that is being learnt. Such situations were studied in Quantum Physics, Economics and Social Science, but have not been much investigated from the perspective of Philosophy of Science and the Logic of Theory Change. An example is the way in which an introspective agent changes her beliefs when learning new higher-order information, i.e. information that may refer to her own beliefs. A similar situation arises when a scientist learns about a phenomenon by performing measurements that perturb the very phenomenon under study. In Quantum Mechanics, this property that “observation causes perturbation” (the so-called observer effect) lies at the basis of most applications in quantum communication. We find similar examples in Psychology when a psychological test changes the very facts under investigation. More complex such scenarios of correlated information change occur in groups of communicating agents, whenever some agents’ knowledge about the others’ belief changes influence their own beliefs. What these examples have in common is that the very act of learning (individually or in group) can influence the results of learning, by changing the phenomena under study. In this project we develop a new unified logical setting to handle these different types of correlated information change in a multi-agent context. This setting is based on bringing together the insights and methods of Dynamic Epistemic Logic, Quantum Logic, Belief Revision Theory, Truth Approximation and Learning Theory. We plan to investigate applications of this setting to various areas of philosophy, ranging from social epistemology to philosophy of information and philosophy of science.

Keywords: dynamic epistemic logic,theory change,belief revision,quantum correlations,verisimilitude,philosophy of science
New Strategies and New Data to Test Intertemporal Consumer and Firm Behavior (NSND)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: Individuals, institutions and markets
Countries involved: Italy
Call:  (ERC-2011-StG_20101124, 2011)
Start date: 2011-12-01
End date: 2016-11-30
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1480022.0
EU funding (EUR): 1480022.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Whenever markets fail to offer perfect insurance possibilities, consumers and firms, separately or jointly, will develop ways to reduce their intertemporal exposure to risk. The goal of this proposal is to use new empirical strategies and newly available microeconomic data to understand the behavioral, organizational, and contractual responses to uncertainty by consumers and firms, to describe their logic, to assess their effectiveness and their potential drawbacks. The proposal is composed of six lines of work. The first tests whether consumption responds to permanent shocks using exogenous firm closure as a proxy for permanent shocks. The second studies consumption insurance in the presence of family labor supply allowing for non-separable preferences. The third studies the importance of peer effects on consumption using a better definition of peers (co-workers) and an identification strategy robust to the reflection problem. The fourth project evaluates the behavioral effects of introducing lifetime limits on welfare use. Several European countries are contemplating introducing such limits and hence this research is timely. The fifth project is on climate volatility changes and farmers’ precautionary behavior (with particular reference to developing country). The theory of precautionary behavior suggests that farmers should respond to increase weather volatility by adopting procedures that reduce their exposure to its increased riskiness. Do we observe such behavior emerging in practice? The sixth and final last set of projects will use longitudinal employer-employee data to address questions regarding what happens within the “black box” of a firm. For example, do firms shape intertemporal wage contract to redistribute payment to production factors over time? Does workforce diversity affect firm productivity?

Keywords: intertemporal choice.
UNDERSTANDING THE NATURE OF FACE PERCEPTION: NEW INSIGHTS FROM STEADY-STATE VISUAL EVOKED POTENTIALS (FACESSVEP)

Framework: FP7 — Ideas
Programme: European Research Council
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: Support for frontier research (ERC)
Panel: The Human Mind and its complexity
Countries involved: Belgium
Call:  (ERC-2011-StG_20101124, 2011)
Start date: 2012-02-01
End date: 2017-01-31
Duration (months): 60.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1490360.0
EU funding (EUR): 1490360.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Face recognition is one of the most complex functions of the human mind/brain, so that no artificial device can surpass human abilities in this function. The goal of this project is to understand a fundamental aspect of face recognition, individual face perception: how, from sensory information, does the human mind/brain build a visual representation of a particular face? To clarify this question, I will introduce the method of steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) in the field of face perception. This approach has never been applied to face perception, but we recently started using it and collected strong data demonstrating the feasibility of the approach. It is based on the repetitive stimulation of the visual system at a fixed frequency rate, and the recording on the human scalp of an electrical response (electroencephalogram, EEG) that oscillates at that specific frequency rate. Because of its extremely high signal-to-noise ratio and its non-ambiguity with respect to the measurement of the signal of interest, this method is ideal to assess the human brain’s sensitivity to facial identity, non-invasively, and with the exact same approach in normal adults, infants and children, as well as clinical populations. SSVEP will also allow “tagging” different features of a stimulus with different stimulation frequencies (“frequency-tagging” method), and thus measure the representation and processing of these features independently, as well as their potential integration. Overall, this proposal should shed light on understanding one of the most complex function of the human mind/brain, while its realization will undoubtedly generate relevant data and paradigms useful for understanding other aspects of face processing (e.g., perception of facial expression) and high-level visual perception processes in general.

Keywords: face perception,development,perceptual integration,steady-state visual evoked potentials,frequency-tagging,brain-damaged patients