Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
The physics of antibiotic resistance evolution in spatially-structured multicellular assemblies (EvoStruc)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Consolidator grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Condensed matter physics
Panel description: Structure, electronic properties, fluids, nanosciences, biological physics
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call: ERC Consolidator Grant (ERC-2015-CoG, 2015)
Start date: 2016-06-01
End date: 2022-05-31
Duration (months): 72.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1826984.0
EU funding (EUR): 1826984.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The rise in bacterial infections that are resistant to antibiotic treatment poses a major global health challenge. Addressing this challenge is not just a clinical issue: understanding bacterial resistance evolution calls for an interdisciplinary approach, in which the development of new physics, in coordination with biology, chemistry and engineering, has a central role to play. In particular, statistical physics, to predict the stochastic emergence of drug-resistant mutants, must be integrated with soft matter and chemical physics, to understand the spatial organization of the bacterial populations within which this happens. Bacterial infections are very often spatially heterogeneous. This is known to influence the outcome of antibiotic treatment – for example bacterial biofilms, which form on the surfaces of medical implants, are notoriously hard to remove. However, much less attention has been paid to the role of spatial structure in the evolution of drug resistance, i.e. the emergence and spread of genetically drug-resistant bacterial strains. I will lead a research programme which will for the first time uncover the two-way link between the emergence of spatial structure in bacterial multicellular assemblies and the evolution of drug resistance. The programme builds on my current theoretical, simulation and experimental work. I will first determine the basic principles of evolution in drug gradients using theoretical models, combined with experiments in a controlled, 1D geometry. I will then explore how these principles translate to the more realistic scenario of bacterial biofilms, where spatial structure and drug gradients are emergent properties, using advanced computer simulation methods and both confocal microscopy and evolution experiments. In the final part of the programme, I will use these insights to reveal optimization principles for the design of evolution-resistant surface coatings for applications in medical devices.

Keywords: bacterial populations,antibiotic resistance,multicellular self assembly
The formation of the state in Early Medieval Castile: craft production and social complexity (EARMEDCASTILE)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Social Sciences and Humanities
Countries involved: Spain
Call: Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships (IF-EF) (H2020-MSCA-IF-2014, 2014)
Start date: 2015-07-08
End date: 2017-07-07
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 170121.6
EU funding (EUR): 170121.6
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The main goal of the project is to analyse the emergency and the collapse of states in the Early Middle Ages through the study of production and distribution systems, which are consider a marker of social and political complexity. The project is based on two main axes: first at all, an interdisciplinary approach to the analysis of pottery would have the capability of revealing the political background of economic exchange. And even if this approach has been successfully applied to the study of process such as the end of the Roman Empire, at the same time our knowledge about the formation of state in South of Europe is very limited. Secondly, the North of Iberia represents an excellent case study for investigating the transformation of political structure in Early Medieval Europe, taking into account that in this scenario five different states rose and collapsed within only five centuries. Production, distribution and consumption systems would be analysed, in order to highlights evidence for social and political complexity related with the emergence of states. In practical terms, early medieval pottery from 14 sites located in the Old Castile would be studied by Dr. Francesca Grassi, PhD on Medieval Archaeology. The main steps of the project would be (a) the identification of the main workshops located in the upper Ebro valley in early medieval times; (b) the analyses of consumption patterns, by combining pottery studies with bioarchaeological and palaeodiet evidence; (c) the definition of political trends at a local scale and the change of scale that determined the structuration of central powers taking into consideration the distribution systems. The results of the Spanish case studies will be discussed with reference to previous studies carried out in Italy by the candidate, with the aim of inserting the project in a European dimension; this would be achieved by enhancing the existing dialogue between two research groups, GIPyPAC (UPV/EHU) and University of Siena.

Keywords: social complexity,state,pottery,craft production,distribution systems,consumption patterns,archaeometry,postclassic europe,comparative analysis,early medieval,settlement patterns
Development of highly-efficient low-emission log wood-fired closed fireplace INSERts thanks to an automated elecTRONIC control system (INSERTRONIC)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Societal Challenges
Programme: Secure, clean and efficient energy
Action type: SME instrument
Countries involved: Austria
Call: Stimulating the innovation potential of SMEs for a low carbon energy system (H2020-SMEINST-2-2015, 2015)
Start date: 2016-02-01
End date: 2018-01-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1691400.0
EU funding (EUR): 1183980.0
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

RIKA, as one of the European market leaders regarding log wood and pellet stoves, aims at a significant extension of its product portfolio by the development and market introduction of a new closed fireplace insert technology, the INSERTRONIC. With this technology which shall distinguish itself from competing products by significantly reduced emissions, increased efficiency as well as increased user comfort, RIKA will become a complete supplier for wood based room heaters. Thereby, RIKA aims at strengthening its position as European technology leader as well as to double its turnover until 2022. A technical concept of the INSERTRONIC, which builds on RIKA’s innovative log wood stove technology, has already been defined. Within the project the new technology shall be developed, tested and optimised in order to pass type testing at project end. A number of innovations (world-wide novelties for fireplace inserts) shall be implemented, of which the most important are (i) the utilisation of novel insulation materials as well as materials with catalytic coatings for emission reduction, (ii) the application of modern computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation tools for process design and optimisation, (iii) the implementation of an automated control and ignition system as well as (iv) the development of a flexible insertion frame and modular panelling system which provide a high flexibility regarding installation and outer appearance. Techno-economic analyses in order to keep the final product costs at a competitive level as well as dissemination, communication and commercialisation measures shall ensure a quick market introduction after project end. Since the European closed fireplace insert market amounts to about 850,000 units/year, the new technology will have a significant impact on a more efficient utilisation of biomass resources as well as a reduction of CO2 emissions (substitution of fossil fuels) and therefore will be of great relevance to the Work Programme.

Keywords: bioenergy,biomass,combustion,room heaters,low emission,high efficiency
DNA interstrand crosslink repair and chromatin remodelling (ICL CHROM)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Individual Fellowships (IF)-Standard European Fellowships
Action type: Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
Panel: Life Sciences
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call: Individual Fellowships (H2020-MSCA-IF-2018, 2018)
Start date: 2020-02-01
End date: 2022-04-26
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 224933.76
EU funding (EUR): 224933.76
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

DNA interstrand crosslinks can arise as a by-product of cellular metabolism and, if left unrepaired, they impede DNA replication and threaten genome integrity. Faulty repair of DNA interstrand crosslinks has been linked to Fanconi anemia (FA), a disease characterized by genomic instability and cancer predisposition. The mechanisms underlying DNA interstrand crosslink repair are not fully understood, and it is likely that key regulators of this pathway have yet to be identified. Further, as the proteins involved in DNA interstrand crosslink repair have mostly been profiled using cell-free systems, the impact of chromatin states on DNA interstrand crosslink repair is poorly understood. The main aims of this project are i) to profile the entire repertoire of proteins recruited to DNA interstrand crosslinks in human cells, and ii) to uncover and characterize chromatin proteins involved in DNA interstrand crosslink repair. First, I will develop a pull-down technique to biochemically isolate chromatin surrounding DNA interstrand crosslinks and I will employ it to quantitatively characterise the full spectrum of proteins recruited to these lesions in human cells. This approach has the potential to uncover new regulators of DNA interstrand crosslink repair, including numerous proteins with a function in chromatin biology. I will, then, complement and expand this biochemistry-based strategy using a live cell imaging approach, with the aim of uncovering nucleosome remodellers and histone chaperones recruited to DNA interstrand crosslinks. Finally, the function of new regulators will be dissected using a combination of state-of-the-art microscopy and gene targeting techniques. Together, this work will provide a comprehensive picture of the proteins involved in DNA interstrand crosslinks repair and will uncover mechanisms of chromatin remodelling associated to the repair of these lesions in human cells.

Keywords: dna interstrand crosslink repair,histone chaperones,chromatin remodelling,fanconi anemia,chromatin and epigenetics
Multiscale Magnetic Models for Emerging Energy Conversion Applications (MULTIMAG)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Products and processes engineering
Panel description: Product and process design, chemical, civil, environmental, mechanical, vehicle engineering, energy processes and relevant computational methods
Countries involved: Finland
Call: ERC Starting Grant (ERC-2019-STG, 2019)
Start date: 2020-03-01
End date: 2025-08-31
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1500000.0
EU funding (EUR): 1500000.0
Participants: 1
Project status: SIGNED

About 30 % of all the electrical power generated passes through a power electronic converter, and the proportion is expected to rise to 80 % in 10-15 years. The amount of electricity annually wasted due to the losses in such systems in the EU corresponds to at least billions of euros. A major part of these losses arises in passive magnetic components, such as inductors and transformers, which are also the largest and heaviest components of a power electronic device. The physical phenomena related to the power losses in the magnetic cores of these components are not properly understood at the moment. In addition, the engineering community is currently lacking efficient modeling tools for analyzing the losses in the windings of such components at high frequencies. Improvement of high-frequency magnetic components would require accurate understanding of the power loss mechanisms. However, the device-level losses are affected by physical effects taking place in the microscopic grain and domain structures and very thin conductors, which are often subject to geometrical uncertainties. Accurate geometrical models cannot be used for analyzing the devices due to the impossibly large computational burden. In MULTIMAG, we will address these challenges by establishing a set of new multiscale numerical modeling tools, which will provide insight into the origin of the power losses and make it possible to perform statistical analysis of the electromagnetic behaviour of such components. The application potential of these new numerical tools will be demonstrated by designing working prototypes of emerging power electronic devices, such as a solid-state transformer and a wireless power transfer system. We will also develop inverse problem approaches for identifying the models from available catalog data, lowering the threshold for adopting the models into use. As the outcome, new means for improving the energy efficiency and power density of power electronic devices will arise.

Keywords: eddy currents,electromagnetism,finite element analysis,inductors,power electronics,power losses,stochastic models,transformers
Youth mobility: maximising opportunities for individuals, labour markets and regions in Europe (YMOBILITY)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Societal Challenges
Programme: Europe in a changing world - inclusive, innovative and reflective societies
Action type: Research and Innovation actions
Countries involved: Germany,Spain,Ireland,Italy,Romania,Sweden,Slovakia,Latvia,United Kingdom,United Kingdom
Call: Youth mobility: opportunities, impacts, policies (H2020-YOUNG-SOCIETY-2014, 2014)
Start date: 2015-03-01
End date: 2018-02-28
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 2450368.0
EU funding (EUR): 2450367.75
Participants: 11
Project status: CLOSED

Research on international youth mobility has been fragmented, mostly based on relatively small samples and case studies. YMOBILITY develops a comprehensive research programme which addresses the following: • Identifying, and quantifying, the main types of international youth mobility in the EU, and their key characteristics. Particular attention will be given to differences between and within three main types: highly skilled, less skilled and students • Understanding what determines which individuals do and which do not participate in international mobility as personal and professional development strategies: their motives, migration channels and information sources • Analysing the individual outcomes in terms of both employability and careers (skills and competences) and non-economic terms (welfare and identities). • Analysing the territorial outcomes for the regions of both origin and destination, in economic, demographic and cultural terms • Differentiating between short-term and long-term outcomes, taking into account return migration and future intentions to migrate. • Identifying implications for policies in migration but also of education, the economy and housing The research will utilise existing secondary data for the whole of the EU, but will mainly rely on primary quantitative data (large-scale surveys to be undertaken by polling agency) and qualitative data (interviews with migrants and returned migrants). The study will focus on 9 countries representing different contexts for youth mobility: Romania, Slovakia and Latvia as sources of emigration and return; the UK and Sweden as destinations for migrants; Germany, Italy, Ireland and Spain as both major destinations and countries of origin. The policy analysis will be informed by interviews undertaken with key informants, such as migrant associations and policy-makers. Experimental methods will be used to assess how individuals will respond to different scenarios of future economic and social change.

Keywords: youth mobility,regional development,labour market,employability,welfare,life course transition
IMPROVING PHOTOSYNTHETIC SOLAR ENERGY CONVERSION IN MICROALGAL CULTURES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BIOFUELS AND HIGH VALUE PRODUCTS (SOLENALGAE)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Excellent Science
Programme: European Research Council (ERC)
Theme: European research council
Destination: Starting grants
Action type: ERC actions
Panel: Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering
Panel description: Biotechnology using all organisms, biotechnology for environment and food applications, applied plant and animal sciences, bioengineering and synthetic biology, biomass and biofuels, biohazards
Countries involved: Italy,Italy
Call: ERC Starting Grant (ERC-2015-STG, 2015)
Start date: 2016-03-01
End date: 2021-08-31
Duration (months): 66.0
Total project cost (EUR): 1441875.0
EU funding (EUR): 1341875.0
Participants: 2
Project status: CLOSED

Solar Energy is the most abundant renewable energy source available for our Planet. Light energy conversion into chemical energy by photosynthetic organisms is indeed the main conversion energy step, which originated high energy containing fossil deposits, now being depleted. By the way, plant or algae biomass may still be used to produce biofuels, as bio-ethanol, bio-diesel and bio-hydrogen. Microalgae exploitation for biofuels production have the considerable advantages of being sustainable and not in competition with food production, since not-arable lands, waste water and industrial gasses can be used for algae cultivation. Considering that only 45% of the sunlight covers the range of wavelengths that can be absorbed and used for photosynthesis, the maximum photosynthetic efficiency achievable in microalgae is 10%. On these bases, a photobioreactor carrying 600 l/m-2 would produce 294 Tons/ha/year of biomass of which 30% to 80%, depending on strain and growth conditions, being oil. However this potential has not been exploited yet, since biomass and biofuels yield on industrial scale obtained up to now were relatively low and with high costs of production. The main limitation encountered for sustained biomass production in microalgae by sunlight conversion is low light use efficiency, reduced from the theoretical value of 10% to 1-3%. This low light use efficiency is mainly due to a combined effect of reduced light penetration to deeper layers in highly pigmented cultures, where light available is almost completely absorbed by the outer layers, and an extremely high (up to 80%) thermal dissipation of the light absorbed. This project aims to investigate the molecular basis for efficient light energy conversion into chemical energy, in order to significantly increase the biomass production in microalgae combining a solid investigation of the principles of light energy conversion with biotechnological engineering of algal strains.

Keywords: photosynthesis,solar energy conversion,photoprotection
Scaling EUROpean citizen driven transferable and transformative digital integrated health and social care (SEURO)

Framework: Horizon 2020 — Societal Challenges
Programme: Health, demographic change and wellbeing
Theme: Methods and data
Action type: Research and Innovation actions
Countries involved: Austria,Italy,Ireland,Ireland,Ireland,Sweden,Belgium,Belgium,Belgium
Call: Implementation research for scaling up and transfer of innovative solutions involving digital tools for people-centred care (H2020-SC1-2020-Two-Stage-RTD, 2020)
Start date: 2021-05-03
End date: 2024-05-02
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 3999567.5
EU funding (EUR): 3999567.5
Participants: 12
Project status: SIGNED

SEURO targets Europe’s 50 million multimorbid patients to proactively self-manage and offset the EU’s annual €700 billion cost of chronic disease management. SEURO aims to evaluate key factors to prepare organisations, localities and regions across the EU to scale, sustain and transfer the people-centred, digital integrated care platform ProACT (developed and successfully tested at proof of concept level under Horizon 2020, PHC-25-2015, Grant No. 689996). Research will aim to advance 3 novel implementation support tools. These consist of a transferability self-assessment tool (ProTransfer) to assess preparedness for solution transfer; a behavioural change framework (ProBCF) to optimise a solution to people’s needs; and an artificial intelligence (AI) prediction model (ProInsight) to assess the impact of a solution on health system performance. Effective Implementation Hybrid Trials (720 older adults in total, with associated care/support actors) will be carried out with ProACT within health services (Ireland, Belgium Sweden to measure platform effectiveness), with embedded process evaluations to understand the process for successful ‘real world’ implementation. Participants will have at least two of the following: cardiovascular disease (excluding Stroke), a respiratory condition and diabetes. Commercial potential will be validated during the project supported by an exploratory trial (Italy) to evaluate the impact of SEURO in facilitating a procurement process for healthcare service providers aiming to implement ProACT. SEURO engages a multidisciplinary EU consortium of 4 public and 8 private organisations (including one of the world's leading ICT companies, the largest home care provider and 2 EU service provider and technology networks). Partners have a successful collaborative track record. Together we are in a strong position to consolidate EU research assets into a new comprehensive approach for the scale-up and transfer of digital integrated care solutions.

Keywords: digital health,integrated healthcare,chronic illness,multimorbidity,self management,behaviour change,person centred care,implementation science,transferability