Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-informations-sur-les-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric Brønsted Acid Catalysed Cyclisation Reactions (ABACCR)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-IIF-2008, 2008)
Start date: 2009-09-15
End date: 2011-09-14
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 178515.71
EU funding (EUR): 178515.71
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

We wish to develop new asymmetric Brønsted acid catalysed cyclisation reactions that will allow the efficient and highly enantioselective construction of azabicyclic structures from readily available starting materials. This will constitute a new, powerful and broadly applicable organocatalytic asymmetric strategy to such target molecules. Conceptually our proposal is to exploit the high reactivity of N-acyl iminium ions in cyclisation reactions within the asymmetric environment of an associated conjugate base of a chiral Brønsted acid (HA*). For enantioselective N-acyl iminium ion cyclisations, a keto amide starting material with a suitable pi-nucleophile attached to the nitrogen atom of the amide is required. The reaction is technically trivial to perform; a solution of the keto amide starting material is treated with a catalytic quantity of an ‘effective’ chiral Brønsted acid. Loss of water should result in the formation of an N-acyl iminium ion, which, in a low polarity solvent, should be (tight) ion paired with the chiral conjugate base of the Brønsted acid. Provided there is sufficient ordering and effective facial differentiation in the ion pair, attack of the pendant pi-nucleophile will give rise to enantioselectivity in the (irreversible) cyclisation step. During the course of the Fellowship, through physical organic chemistry techniques and molecular modelling calculations we would like to elucidate the mechanistic pathway and origins of stereocontrol in the new catalytic asymmetric methods we are developing. Finally we wish to apply the developed chemistry as a key carbon-carbon bond forming step in the total asymmetric synthesis of an indole alkaloid natural product. Therefore this multidisciplinary Fellowship project will involve the development of innovative asymmetric organic methods, physical organic chemistry, computational chemistry and target synthesis.

Keywords: physical sciences,organic chemistry,homogeneous catalysis,carbon chemistry
Chivalric Literature in European Renaissance: Political Fictions. Land, enemies, alliances, authority, identity (CHIVALRICFICTIONS)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-IEF-2008, 2008)
Start date: 2009-09-01
End date: 2011-08-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 172618.8
EU funding (EUR): 172618.8
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Between Boiardo’s Inamoramento de Orlando (1483) and Tasso’s Gerusalemme Liberata (1575), the tradition of chivalric literature in Italy was the turning point of the inheritance and the subsequent spreading out of a larger European tradition (particularly French). The project aims to point out continuities and fractures in the history of this literary genre, within those chronological coordinates. In the second half of the 15th century, the chivalric poem in ottava rima, often anonymous, assumed a peculiar role in the process of political communication about the war against Muslims and the legitimation of power; it became also the place where those writers reprocessed societal fears about external enemies, the idea of the stranger, the need of alliances. These issues were crucial in chivalric literature due to the strong connection of poems with history and with the political aims of the ruling classes. Furthermore, the diffusion of those chivalric poems was strengthened by the spread of printing. After Boiardo’s Inamoramento the genre changed deeply, but the contents, goals and narrative topoi of the previous literature remained strong points of reference for any following writer. Until now, critics have focused on the main authors, and studies about chivalric literature between Boiardo and Ariosto, and between Ariosto and Tasso have been conducted without considering the 15th century experience. My research aims to: - discover which narrative topoi changed during 15th century and which ones continued to be perceived as important - pick out situations in which topoi abandoned for a while appeared again - account for fractures, continuities, re-emergence - test the possibility to extend the results about the matter of France to heroic poetry - display what changes when the author is a woman: how she employs the topoi and what communicative aims are thereby served.

Keywords: humanities,literature,european literature,italian literature,literary criticism,romance literature,chivalric literature
FAST SEMI-ANALYTIC MULTISCALE METHODS FOR MULTISCALE ELLIPTIC PROBLEMS (FASTMM)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Incoming Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Bulgaria
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-IIF-2008, 2008)
Start date: 2009-10-07
End date: 2014-05-27
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 172535.34
EU funding (EUR): 172535.34
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The goal of this research is to merge state of the art developments in homogenization theory with multilevel discretization and solution techniques for elliptic equations. Complex multiscale problems are integral part of modeling and numerical simulations in a number of engineering, environmental and biomedical sciences. These problems have physical phenomena in hierarchical structures with multiple, poorly separated length scales. This can result in very large discretizations, which often require advanced supercomputing equipment. Today’s supercomputers, however, allow a limited number of high fidelity simulations. We propose to develop fast semi-analytic methods for multiscale simulations of elliptic systems, when the media has poor scale separation. The key idea is to incorporate analytical approximation of fine-scale local solutions into multilevel methods. These solutions, currently developed for scalar elliptic equation, have been used to approximate both the cell solution of classical homogenization as well as to compute upscaled tensor coefficients. By incorporating those in multilevel iterations on can achieve considerable computational savings compared to state of the art numerical multiscale techniques. The approximations to the fine-scale cell solution will allow to implement both efficient and accurate prolongation operators from coarse to fine levels, as well as coarsening strategies involving the analytical effective tensor coefficient. The procedure will then be extended to the elasticity operator, targeting biomedical applications, such as simulations of bone tissue, relevant to osteoporosis disease. Similar procedure can be also applied for field scale environmental problems, such as carbon sequestration. The expected transfer of knowledge in the area of multiscale methods will add to the host’s current efforts in biomedical modeling and simulations. The proposed research also coincides with long-term goals of the host institution, IPP-BAS.

Keywords: homogenization,multilevel methods,multiscale modeling,analytical approximations,tensor upscaled coefficient,non-separable scales,prolongation operator,preconditioner.
Novel Receptor:Ligand Interactions in Osteolytic Diseases. (NRLIOD)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-IOF-2008, 2008)
Start date: 2009-06-01
End date: 2012-05-31
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 338737.62
EU funding (EUR): 338737.62
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

Pathological bone loss (osteolysis), the process whereby osteoclasts erode mineralised bone matrix, remains an unresolved challenge in the pathology of osteolytic diseases, such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteolytic bone cancers. Identification of the receptors involved in osteoclast development (osteoclastogenesis) is currently a high priority in osteoclast research. The goal of this research is to identify and understand the receptors and ligands regulating osteoclastogenesis. The primary aim of this proposal is to identify how these osteoclastogenic signals operate in osteolytic diseases. OSCAR is an osteoclast receptor that delivers potent osteoclastogenic signals. I have discovered that type I-IV collagens (major structural proteins at sites of diseased joint and bone erosion) are ligands for OSCAR and drive osteoclastogenesis. This exciting new finding has changed our understanding of the environmental signals regulating osteoclastogenesis. I will use gene knockouts, mouse and human disease models to dissect the molecular interactions required for osteoclastogenesis using OSCAR as a model receptor/ligand interaction. Using these techniques, I will determine the role of the OSCAR, and other receptors, in osteoclastogenesis in vivo and in the diseased state.

Keywords: health sciences,haematology,osteoclasts,osteoimmunology,bone cancer
The Development of Mechanism-Based Inhibitors of Influenza Neuraminidase to target Drug Induced Resestance (NAINH)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-IEF-2008, 2008)
Start date: 2009-06-01
End date: 2011-05-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 171867.63
EU funding (EUR): 171867.63
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The recent emergence of the highly pathogenic H5N1 strain of avian influenza now circulating in Asia, EU and Africa has increased concerns that a new, and devastating, influenza pandemic may be imminent. Antiviral drugs represent the first line of defence for pandemic outbreaks, and governments are currently stockpiling the influenza neuraminidase inhibitors Relenza® (Zanamivir) and Tamiflu® (Oseltamivir) in preparedness. These neuraminidase inhibitors are highly potent and specific inhibitors against all known influenza A and B strains, including the avian H5N1 virus. There are, however, several problems associated with Relenza and Tamiflu. Unfortunately, as Relenza is only delivered to the respiratory tract, its usefulness is limited if the pandemic influenza strain spreads to other organs, and, more alarmingly, drug-induced resistance to Tamiflu has already been observed in clinical isolates from H5N1 infected patients. As such, there is an urgent need to develop new and improved classes of anti-virals for the treatment of influenza. Dr Watts has recently filed a provisional patent application for the use of fluorinated sialic acid analogues as ‘mechanism-based’ neuraminidase inhibitors for the treatment of influenza. These novel compounds are known to covalently inhibit influenza neuraminidases by specifically targeting amino acid residues essential for catalytic activity and, as such, drug-induced resistance is less likely to evolve in response to these compounds. We propose to synthesise a series of modified fluoro-sialic acids as ‘mechanism-based’ inhibitors of influenza neuraminidases, incorporating structural features designed to improve the pharmacokinetic properties and inhibitory activities of the original inhibitors. We will then perform detailed kinetic analyses of their inhibitory activity against purified influenza neuraminidases, and potent inhibitors will then be tested for efficacy towards a panel of wild-type and drug-resistant influenza viruses.

Keywords: influenza neuraminidase,inhibitors,therapeutics,drug-induced resistance,covalent inactivators,fluoro sugars
Developing robots' social skills to support human-robot joint action execution (SKILLS4HRI)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: International Outgoing Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: France
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-IOF-2008, 2008)
Start date: 2009-11-01
End date: 2012-10-31
Duration (months): 36.0
Total project cost (EUR): 242632.79
EU funding (EUR): 242632.79
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

One major challenge in robotics research is to develop robots able to operate and help humans in everyday life. Personal robots are an emerging technology with a significant potential across broad applications (eldercare, healthcare, education, etc). However, for acting in a human world, acting for, with, or in contact of humans, we need to provide the robot with the abilities not only to act but also to interact. For humans, this capacity is named social intelligence and makes us exhibit fundamental communication skills such as looking at someone who speaks to you, adapting action speed to the person we interact with, acting in synchrony, sharing knowledge about tasks state, etc. A personal robot would need to be able to deal with such social skills. We want to study this question in the particular context of joint task realization, where the robot and the human need to cooperate to achieve a task, with particular attention to figuring out when and how to use communication (verbal and non verbal) for coordination of action and maintaining common ground. This proposal’s objectives are: (a) to develop a robot knowledge database able to handle social understanding of the context (b) to study and develop robots’ (communication) social skills (c) to develop a framework to tackle human-robot joint task performance (d) to implement and demonstrate the developed framework Our idea is to give the robot the ability to (a) “have in mind” its partner’s beliefs and intentions (b) to enable it to support joint actions that include flexible and tightly intermeshed communication for establishing/re-establishing common-ground. These abilities will be integrated in a (c) framework that will tackle task realization and needed communication. This framework will be used (d) to demonstrate the system on real robots. The goal is to develop a conceptual framework that could be implemented both in the outgoing (MIT, USA) and in the return host (LAAS-CNRS, France)

Keywords: robotics,cognitive science,technological sciences,human-robot interaction
Towards the analysis of energy conversion materials at the atomic scale (EMC IN APT)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: United Kingdom
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-IEF-2008, 2008)
Start date: 2009-05-01
End date: 2010-08-31
Duration (months): 16.0
Total project cost (EUR): 184752.82
EU funding (EUR): 184752.82
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

The properties of interest of functional materials are strongly correlated to their intimate structure down to the nanometre scale. Designing novel, more efficient materials requires a control over their structure and chemistry at the very same scale. One of the challenges of the 21st century is to tailor energy conversion materials enabling a more efficient harvesting of the energy of the Sun. Thermoelectric power generation is a well-known effect through which thermal energy (heat) is directly converted into electricity without any intermediate working fluid or any moving parts. These materials are generally highly doped, nanostructured materials. Although very promising, the structure – activity relationship in this class of materials is still really unclear, due to a lack of nano-scale characterisation. I aim here to get trained on several analytical techniques, including dual beam Scanning Electron Microscope/Focused-Ion-Beam, Atom Probe Tomography (APT), and various declinations of Transmission Electron Microscopy. I will also acquire a better understanding on the functioning of the laser-assisted APT, which will enable me to start a collaborative work to correct the intrinsic aberrations of the technique. Drawing on the experience of the host group in conducting a complete materials science study, I will improve my skills in this field, and acquire methods, protocols and knowledge enabling me to solve materials science problems. This training will permit to perform at the same time an in-depth study of the multi-scale characterisation of the structure and chemistry of these materials, aiming to improve the design and efficiency of thermoelectric devices.

Keywords: energy conversion materials,materials design,atom probe tomography,transmission electron microscopy,correlative microscopy,physical sciences
Microfabricated Silicon Oxygen Sensor and Reusable Nano Technology Based Carbon Dioxide Filter for Life Supporting Closed Loop Respiratory Equipment (LIFELOOP)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Sweden
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-IEF-2008, 2008)
Start date: 2009-05-01
End date: 2012-03-24
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 171466.19
EU funding (EUR): 171466.19
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

In a rebreather system exhaled breathing gas is collected in a counterlung and can be inhaled again after a recycling process, where CO2 is removed and metabolised O2 is replaced. Rebreathers are used by rescue services (fire fighters, smoke divers, miners), in medicine (anaesthesiology, O2 rebreathers for emergency treatments) and in diving. The ability of a closed circuit rebreather to provide a life sustaining gas depends on the correct function of each component. The main bottlenecks in present rebreather units are O2 sensing (electrochemical sensors) and the chemical CO2 removal. The scientific objectives of this proposal address on the one hand the research and prototyping of a novel paramagnetic microfabricated silicon O2 sensor. On the other hand an innovative and reusable nano technology based CO2 filter (nano porous fibres, polymer nanofibres) will be developed. Based on these components a prototype of a rebreather unit will be designed and characterized. The proposed work will be carried out at Imego, Sweden. Arne Sieber will receive intensive training in the fields of: - silicon micofabrication, MEMS design, fabrication and characterization - nanotechnologies, especially application and treatment of nano propos hollow fibres/polymer nanofibres Furthermore it is envisaged that he will be able to enhance his management, leadership, teaching and presentation skills.

Keywords: paramagentic oxygen sensor,nanofibres,rebreather,respiratory equipment,carbon dioxide filter,nanotechnology,microfabrication
Successful Security Policy Transfer - How and When? A Comparative Study of EU, British and US Policy Transfer to Greece on Terrorism and Organised Crime (SEC POL TRANSFER)

Framework: FP7 — People
Programme: Marie-Curie Actions
Theme: Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Destination: Intra-European Fellowships
Action type: Support for training and career development of researchers (Marie Curie)
Countries involved: Greece
Call:  (FP7-PEOPLE-IEF-2008, 2008)
Start date: 2009-09-01
End date: 2011-08-31
Duration (months): 24.0
Total project cost (EUR): 146876.08
EU funding (EUR): 146876.08
Participants: 1
Project status: CLOSED

In international politics today, few policy areas are as pressing as the transfer of approaches to both terrorism and organised crime from states that have more to those who have less developed policies in these areas. Although the demand for policy transfer (best practices and normative shifts) amongst officials and law enforcement professionals has grown all the louder globally since September 11th 2001, little substantive research has been carried out to account for the extent to which security policy transfer is, or has been, effective. In recent decades, economic, institutional and cultural obstacles have often been flagged by expert observers and practitioners as problems commonly encountered during efforts to secure such transfers (whether to officials or practitioners, and regardless of their level of seniority). Hard pressure and the use of incentives have been posited as producing different outcomes in terms of recipient acceptance of policy transfer. As yet, however, such relationships have not been studied methodically by comparing different approaches. By focusing on the case of Greece within its EU context and alongside its important bilateral relationships with the UK and the US, this study will offer a unique insight into what has worked and what has not in affecting such transfers, with lessons for international security policy transfer to more volatile regions of the globe such as Afghanistan and Iraq. Indeed, it will offer an unprecedented long-term assessment of the effectiveness of EU, British and US policies with regard to Greece’s approach to the subjects. The study will include interviews with British, Greek and US officials, policemen (former and current trainers and trainees), academics and journalists. Documentary evidence will also be used to assess the correlation between, on the one hand, attitudinal change, and on the other, resource capacity-building, international professional collaboration, and different tactical approaches.

Keywords: social sciences,humanities