Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : YEELP (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : Swansea University — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 207127.5 €

YEELP is the first in-depth, comparative, transnational and interdisciplinary study of the intersection between European youth and the preservation of minority or regional European languages in the period since 1900. The project focuses on three languages of differing statuses and rates of usage – Irish, Welsh and Catalan – and it unites two growing fields of contemporary scholarship: the study of youth, and the study of language preservation. In the study of minority and regional language preservation, the roles and voices of youths – those between 12 and 19 years of age – have been consistently overlooked. In order to address this fundamental gap in contemporary research, this project takes a multifaceted approach to the intersection between youth and language. It does so at a critical period for the study of endangered European languages, with several languages in decline and some facing extinction. Until youth is included in considerations of language preservation, we will not be able to answer the question of why some languages thrive while others die out. Through four innovative methodological strands: a study of second-level educational policy (youth as object); an examination of extracurricular language initiatives (youth as agent); an analysis of young adult literature (youth as subject); and the provision of a forum through which the voice of youths themselves will be heard (youth as advocate), the project will explore how bilingual youths have adapted to, and engaged with, two languages and often two cultures. The project is potentially groundbreaking: through its historical, literary and grassroots approach of engaging with youths themselves, the project aims to substantially extend the state-of-the-art. YEELP offers a model for European research in the fields of the history of youth, language studies, young adult literature and beyond, while also informing international minority and regional language planning into the future.

Mots-clés : youth,minority and regional languages,language preservation,young adult literature
Projet ERC : DeMMYR (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering
Entité participante : UK Research and Innovation — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UKRI
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1714779.0 €

Yellow rust (YR) disease is a major threat to cereal crops and grasses worldwide, causing significant losses to the global wheat harvest each year. The long-term aim of this research is to develop new varieties of wheat with enhanced resistance to YR. To do this, it is essential to understand host specificity - the ability of the pathogen to specialize on particular grass hosts, coupled with the ability of the host to resist infection by different strains of YR. I recently pioneered a field-based 'pathogenomics' approach to enable a comprehensive evaluation of the genetic diversity of YR. This new method provides unparalleled resolution of the pathogen population that can identify gene families associated with the ability to cause disease on all the major hosts of YR in Europe, namely wheat barley, rye, triticale and cocksfoot grass. Using this approach, I previously uncovered a genetically distinct population of YR on triticale and showed that these isolates contained gene clusters that were specifically expressed in all isolates identified on triticale and had no or negligible levels of expression in all wheat YR isolates. In this ERC project, I will use the pathogenomics approach to collect an extensive dataset of YR on all its major hosts, aiming to characterise genomic regions and the genes they encode to understand the underlying regulatory mechanisms that drive host specialization and adaptation. I will then assess changes at the transcriptomic level in closely related host-specialized YR races to provide insights into how pathogens adapt to new hosts. In parallel, I will identify host targets of effectors from YR to resolve the underlying molecular processes that are targeted by the pathogen to enable successful host-specific colonization. I will then disrupt the function of these host targets using precision genome editing to determine their contribution to YR pathogenicity and reveal novel susceptibility genes that are essential for pathogen progression.
Projet ERC : noMAGIC (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering
Entité participante : University of Milan — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UNIMI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1825344.0 €

noMAGIC has the visionary goal of engineering genetically encoded ion channels, which can be remotely controlled (gated) by stimuli that penetrate deep into human tissue without negative side effects. The control over ion channel activity by deep penetrating stimuli will revolutionize research in neurobiology and physiology as it paves the way for remote and genuine non-invasive control of cell activity in vivo. Synthetic channels, which can be gated by magnetic fields (MF), near infrared (NIR) radiation or ultrasound (US) will be engineered in the frame of noMAGIC by three complementary work packages (WP1-3). Design and engineering of the channels will be performed in WP1 by reiterated steps of rational and irrational design, high throughput screening and in vitro and in vivo functional testing. We have identified two sensor modules for MF and NIR radiation, respectively, which will be functionally connected to a channel pore for a remote control of gating. For the US-gated channel we will engineer a channel pore that is maximally responding to local changes in the lipid environment induced by US. Design and engineering of channels will be complemented by a computational approach (WP2), which analyses, from elastic network models, the mechanical connections in the channel pore and which extracts information on the forces, which are required to gate a channel by the three stimuli. The outcome of WP2 will provide general design rules for synthetic channels with implications much beyond the present project. WP3 also contributes to the engineering effort in WP1 by a spectrum of avant-garde spectroscopic methods, which resolve structural changes of the channel proteins under the influence of remote stimuli. These structural insights will greatly advance our understanding of structure/function correlates in composite ion channels and it will inspire the design and engineering of channels, which respond to remote stimuli.

Mots-clés : ion channels,gating,optogenetics,k  channels
Projet ERC : urbisphere (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Synergy grants)
Entité participante : University of Stuttgart — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2469650.0 €

urbisphere will change how the scientific community conceptualises, characterizes and forecasts cities in the climate system and in urban planning, by developing a radically new approach to integrate multiple dimensions of urban change, their interaction and feedbacks. It aims to forecast and project urban futures and climates in a dynamic framework considering weather, air quality, differential exposure and vulnerability of people at neighbourhood to city scale. It will provide new insights into existing and emerging risks, based on a synergistic effort across disciplines which currently work mostly in parallel. Urban-Surface Models (USM) and Human Exposure and Vulnerability models (HEV) will be developed and coupled to improve the forecasting of exposure, emissions, and intervention potentials in cities. This will transform emergency/risk management, atmospheric forecasting and long-term urban development/adaptation strategies in the urban sphere. The system will use a real-time 4D Smart Urban Observation System (SmUrObS) to provide targeted urban form/function/emissions/exposure data using novel ground and remote sensing technology. The USM-HEV-SmUrObS system will equip us with: 1) a deep understanding of socio-economic dynamics and human behaviour and responses to weather and climate, economic (and other) drivers that transform cities’ exposure and vulnerability to climate change-related hazards (like heat); 2) a consistent method that can be scaled from detailed high-resolution modelling of intra-neighbourhood scale characteristics, to climate and socio-economic modelling and assessment at city, regional and global scales; 3) an approach that can inform global climate and global vulnerability and risk modelling; will allow consistent downscaling to the city for decision making for local urban risk and resilience management; and provide information on the dynamic nexus of exposure and vulnerability of people in cities.

Mots-clés : urban climate,dynamic systems modelling,urban surface models,human exposure and vulnerability,smart urban observation systems,energy,water,carbon and air quality exchanges
Projet ERC : FIAT (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : National University of Ireland — Pays : Irlande — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : NUI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1997627.5 €

‘Almost three centuries later, it is past time to rethink Montesquieu’s holy trinity’ (Ackerman, 2010). As Ackerman (and many others) have observed, political reality has long left the traditional model of the separation of powers behind. The problems posed by this gap between constitutional theory and political practice have recently acquired fresh urgency as developments in Hungary, Poland, Turkey, Russia, the UK, US, Bolivia and elsewhere place the separation of powers under strain. These include the emergence of authoritarian leaders; personalisation of political authority; recourse to non-legal plebiscites; and the capture or de-legitimisation of other constitutional bodies. This project argues that these difficulties are rooted in a deeper problem with constitutional thinking about institutional power: a constitution-as-law approach that equates the conferral of legal power with the authority to exercise it. This makes it possible for a gap to emerge between legal accounts of authority and its diverse –and potentially conflicting (Cotterrell)– sociological foundations. Where that gap exists, the practical authority of an institution (or constitution) may be vulnerable to challenge from rival and more socially-resonant claims (Scheppele (2017)). It is this gap between legal norms and social facts that the project aims to investigate – and ultimately bridge. How is authority established? How is it maintained? How might it fail? And how does the constitution (as rule? representation (Saward)? mission statement (King)?) shape, re-shape and come to be shaped by those processes? By investigating these questions across six case studies, the project will produce a multi-dimensional account of institutional authority that takes seriously the sociological influence of both law and culture. The results from these cases provide the evidential foundation for the project’s final outputs: a new model and new evaluative measures of the separation of powers.

Mots-clés : comparative constitutional law,constitutional law,constitutional theory
Projet ERC : DICTATOREXPERIENCE (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : University of St Andrews — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1497724.0 €

‘Dictatorship’ conventionally conjures an image of a charismatic, dogmatic (male) leader ruling from on high, through magnetism, propaganda and violence, a pliant population alternately rallied in fervent support or cowed into submission. Such images belie the crucial reality that dictatorships were experienced subjectively – and in some respects put into practice - by the men, women and children who lived (through) them. Individuals encountered the dictatorial state not only in official policies, propaganda and rituals but also in everyday settings: the market; the factory; the bar; the street; the home. These venues were sites where dictatorships were made – and unmade. Whilst the ‘everyday life history’ of the mid 20th-century dictatorships in Germany, the USSR and (less often) Italy has been compared, this project will be the first to comparatively examine the ‘lived experience’ of dictatorships in four countries bordering the northern Mediterranean: Italy; Spain; Portugal; Greece. Framing this study within the context of Mediterranean Europe allows us to interrogate some of the institutions and cultural practices often assumed to connect and characterize this region and how, if at all, these intersected with the subjective experience of dictatorial rule. These include: certain family structures and practices; diet; temporal rhythms and spatial dimensions; and the perceived disjuncture between pays leal and pays real. How did Mediterranean populations experience dictatorship? Could shared socio-cultural institutions and practices, if detected, offer common tactics for negotiating daily life? Using a series of analytical concepts including subjectivity and agency, multiplicity, and everyday 'spaces', the project will reveal the complex ways in which dictators' ideology and practices were enacted on an intimate scale and the fragmented and multivalent encounters between individuals and the state which constituted the 'actually-existing' dictatorship.

Mots-clés : dictatorship,lived experience,mediterranean europe,italy,greece,spain,portugal
Projet ERC : POINTS (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Complexity
Entité participante : University of Leeds — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 124562.0 €

“Social perception” has emerged as an umbrella term to describe research addressing the visual perception of others. To date, this discipline has focused on the perception of individuals; for example, researchers have examined the visual processing of faces and facial expressions, body shapes and postures, actions and kinematics. The resulting body of research suggests that social stimuli are detected by specialised mechanisms, recruit dedicated perceptual models, and are processed by particular neural substrates. However, while social perception research has made considerable progress elucidating the visual perception of individuals, virtually nothing is known about the visual perception of social interactions; how we detect, encode, and interpret visual displays of social interactions viewed from third-person perspectives. Given the adaptive value of accurate interaction interpretation, this paucity of knowledge represents a remarkable gap in our understanding of social perception. POINTS will develop a battery of original behavioural and neuroimaging paradigms to reveal the neurocognitive mechanisms that mediate this essential form of social perception. The overarching objective of POINTS will be achieved by addressing five research questions: 1) Do observers exhibit evidence of interaction detection mechanisms? 2) How do we process fleeting visual displays of social interactions? 3) How do we represent dynamic interaction change? 4) Do specialised neural substrates mediate interaction perception? 5) Do some observers exhibit impaired interaction perception? The POINTS project represents a significant step-change in social perception research. Understanding the mechanisms of interaction perception will provide new insights into the organisation of the human visual system, and will inform attempts to remediate socio-cognitive and perceptual deficits in neurodevelopmental populations, including those with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Mots-clés : social perception,face perception,body perception,facial expressions,autism spectrum disorder,visual perception
Projet ERC : EuQu (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Synergy grants)
Entité participante : Spanish National Research Council — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : CO-PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CSIC
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2013538.2 €

“The European Qur’an” (EuQu) will study the place of the Muslim holy book in European cultural and religious history (c.1150-1850), situating European perceptions of the Qur’an and of Islam in the fractured religious, political, and intellectual landscape of this long period. The Qur’an plays a key role not only in polemical interactions with Islam, but also in debates between Christians of different persuasions and is central to the epistemological reconfigurations that are at the basis of modernity in Europe, from Iberia to Hungary. The Qur’an is deeply imbedded in the political and religious thought of Europe and part of the intellectual repertoire of Medieval and Early Modern Europeans of different Christian denominations, of European Jews, freethinkers, atheists and of course of European Muslims. We will study how the European Qur’an is interpreted, adapted, used, and formed in Christian European contexts – often in close interaction with the Islamic world. EuQu will produce, over a six-year period: 1. A GIS-mapped database of the European Qur’an, containing extensive information about Qur’an manuscripts and printed editions (in Arabic, Greek, Latin, and European vernaculars) produced between 1143 and 1800 as well as prosopographical data about the principal actors involved in these endeavours (copyists, translators, publishers). 2. A series of publications: PhDs, monographs written by postdocs and PIs, special issues of academic journals, and animated digital publications for a wider audience and educational uses. They will make key breakthroughs in their fields, dealing with aspects of the transmission, translation and study of the Qur’an in Europe, on the role the Qur’an played in debates about European cultural and religious identities, and more broadly about the place of the Qur’an in European culture. 3. A major exhibition during the final year of the project, “The European Qur’an” to be held at museums in Nantes, London, Budapest and Madrid.

Mots-clés : qur an,religious and cultural history,religious polemics,translation,sacred texts,orientalism,muslims in europe,manuscript culture,history of print,arabic
Projet ERC : EuQu (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Synergy grants)
Entité participante : University of Copenhagen — Pays : Danemark — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UCPH
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2280606.25 €

“The European Qur’an” (EuQu) will study the place of the Muslim holy book in European cultural and religious history (c.1150-1850), situating European perceptions of the Qur’an and of Islam in the fractured religious, political, and intellectual landscape of this long period. The Qur’an plays a key role not only in polemical interactions with Islam, but also in debates between Christians of different persuasions and is central to the epistemological reconfigurations that are at the basis of modernity in Europe, from Iberia to Hungary. The Qur’an is deeply imbedded in the political and religious thought of Europe and part of the intellectual repertoire of Medieval and Early Modern Europeans of different Christian denominations, of European Jews, freethinkers, atheists and of course of European Muslims. We will study how the European Qur’an is interpreted, adapted, used, and formed in Christian European contexts – often in close interaction with the Islamic world. EuQu will produce, over a six-year period: 1. A GIS-mapped database of the European Qur’an, containing extensive information about Qur’an manuscripts and printed editions (in Arabic, Greek, Latin, and European vernaculars) produced between 1143 and 1800 as well as prosopographical data about the principal actors involved in these endeavours (copyists, translators, publishers). 2. A series of publications: PhDs, monographs written by postdocs and PIs, special issues of academic journals, and animated digital publications for a wider audience and educational uses. They will make key breakthroughs in their fields, dealing with aspects of the transmission, translation and study of the Qur’an in Europe, on the role the Qur’an played in debates about European cultural and religious identities, and more broadly about the place of the Qur’an in European culture. 3. A major exhibition during the final year of the project, “The European Qur’an” to be held at museums in Nantes, London, Budapest and Madrid.

Mots-clés : qur an,religious and cultural history,religious polemics,translation,sacred texts,orientalism,muslims in europe,manuscript culture,history of print,arabic
Projet ERC : ULISSES (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences
Entité participante : Forschungsverbund Berlin — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : FVB
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2476743.0 €

Chiral molecules are characterized by specific stereo arrangements of their nuclei underlying their key function in chemistry and biology. Yet, little is known about chiral molecular interactions at the level of electrons, occurring on the ultrafast time scale. Developing extremely efficient enantio-sensitive ultrafast all-optical approaches to track electronic dynamics is an important unsolved challenge. We aim to address it in ULISSES – a multidisciplinary project at the interface of physical chemistry, strong-field physics, ultrafast and nonlinear optics.  We plan to take advantage of the chiral electron currents, which arise naturally in chiral molecules interacting with sufficiently intense ultrafast light. The chiral nature of these currents is dictated by the molecule itself. We will structure laser polarization in space and time, endowing light with local chiral and global topological properties, to control these electron currents, enabling new, orders of magnitude more efficient, enantio-sensitive all-optical effects, gaining access to the ultrafast electron dynamics and physical mechanisms underlying the chiral function. We will also develop a framework for describing geometrical magnetism, generated by the electron currents in chiral molecules, and introduce a new class of enantio-sensitive phenomena enabled by these geometric concepts.  We aim to establish: 1) novel, highly efficient, all-optical ways of enantio-discrimination, 2) enantio-resolved movies of chiral electronic dynamics, 3) chiral topological light – a new tool for chiral interactions, and 4) bridges between light-driven electron dynamics in chiral gases and topological effects in solids. ULISSES will dramatically expand fundamental understanding of the dynamical response of chiral systems to light and lay the foundation for innovative applications of all-optical methods to chiral discrimination in low-density samples with extraordinary sensitivity and molecular specificity.

Mots-clés : molecular chirality,high harmonic spectroscopy,structures light,ultrafast electron dynamics,multiphoton processes,photoionization,ultrafast optics,ultrashort laser pulses