Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : OCIAN (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : University of Navarra — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1071947.0 €

The project intends to study the effect of the ownership structure of firms on competition in product markets, innovation, and aggregate outcomes, and derive welfare and policy implications. The rise of institutional investment, with the profound changes occurred in the asset management industry in the last decades, has implied important variations in the ownership structure of firms. Among them, there has been a formidable increase in common ownership of firms in the same industry, which has raised antitrust concerns, mostly in the US but also in the EU. At the same time, a lack of dynamism in terms of entry and exit, investment and innovation, linked to potential secular stagnation of advanced economies, has been perceived, and blamed on the rise of market power. The proposed research will develop mostly theoretical models to study the effects of changes in the investment industry and firms’ ownership patterns on product markets and the general equilibrium macroeconomic consequences. The proposal consists of five strands. The first three purport to study the effect of changes of the market structure of the investment industry and ownership structure of firms on: i) market power in product markets; ii) investment and innovation incentives in the presence of technological spillovers among firms; and iii) aggregate output, investment, labour supply and income distribution. The fourth strand aims to develop empirical assessments of the developed theory. The final strand of the proposal will derive the antitrust and regulatory implications of the results. Particular attention will be devoted to the impact of changes in the network of control rights and cash flow rights of firms’ owners. The novelty of the approach lies in the integration of the perspectives and tools of industrial organization, corporate finance, and network theory to provide a global view of the relationship between ownership structure, competition and innovation.

Mots-clés : minority shareholdings,corporate governance,networks,investment,randd,spillovers,collusion,competition policy
Projet ERC : Mereodao (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : University of Oxford — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 229500.0 €

The project is a mereological reconstruction of the metaphysical system in the Daodejing. The general motivation for the project is to fill the gap in Chinese and comparative philosophy the state of the art, where mereological as well as analytic reconstructions are scarce. The specific motivation is that mereological approach enables precise reconstruction that (a) offers a comprehensive conceptualization of Daoist metaphysical system and (b) allows to generate the issues and plausibly debates that so far have not been present in Chinese metaphysics. My project begins with the conceptualization of the Daoist system as monistic-materialistic one, after which I proceed to the mereological reconstruction. By resorting to the latest mereological research, I will analyze the status of the two fundamental elements of Daoist metaphysics, dao and you. Accordingly, I will show that these two ontic subregions should be reconstructed as two different mereological sums determined by atemporal unrestricted composition and temporal restricted composition respectively. Next, I will proceed to reconstructing the relation between the two sums, which will be conceptualized within the framework of Chinese causation theory. I will show that causality applies to the relations between parts that that the two mereological sums overlap. Next, I will proceed to a detailed reconstruction of the whole system, which will involve among others proving that with regard to parthood, the “atomless gunk” conception is more plausible than that of mereological singles. I will also discuss how the reconstruction is related to location, an issue that has been under intense discussion in contemporary mereological literature.

Mots-clés : chinese philosophy,comparative philosophy,daoism
Projet ERC : PLANTCULT (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : University of Vienna — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : Univie
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 0.0 €

The project seeks to explore culinary practice among early farming European communities, from the Aegean to Central Europe, spanning the Neolithic through to the Iron Age (7th-1st millennia BC). The project seeks to identify the ‘food cultures’ of prehistoric Europe, and to reconstruct how cultivated and wild plant foods were transformed into dishes exploring their underlying cultural and environmental contexts and their evolution through time. The project will explore how culinary identities were shaped through the selection of plant foods both in terms of ingredients as well as processing and cooking practices. Thus not only species and meals but also the equipment involved in plant food preparation will be considered for the study area, linking the end product to the relevant technologies of transformation. Macroscopic and microscopic examination of the archaeological finds and experimental replication of various aspects of food preparation techniques informed by ethnographic investigations will form the main analytical tools. The interdisciplinary and contextual examination of the archaeological record will provide a fresh insight into prehistoric cuisine in Europe, the transformation of nature to culture through cooking. The project will revolutionise perceptions of prehistoric food preparation providing insights for the ‘longue durée’ of traditional plant foods constituting Europe’s intangible cultural heritage.

Mots-clés : archaeobotany,ancient food studies,starch analysis,phytolith analysis,ground stone tool technology,tool use wear analysis,cooking devices,prehistoric cuisine
Projet ERC : PLANTCULT (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : Austrian Academy of Sciences — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : OAW
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 57000.0 €

The project seeks to explore culinary practice among early farming European communities, from the Aegean to Central Europe, spanning the Neolithic through to the Iron Age (7th-1st millennia BC). The project seeks to identify the ‘food cultures’ of prehistoric Europe, and to reconstruct how cultivated and wild plant foods were transformed into dishes exploring their underlying cultural and environmental contexts and their evolution through time. The project will explore how culinary identities were shaped through the selection of plant foods both in terms of ingredients as well as processing and cooking practices. Thus not only species and meals but also the equipment involved in plant food preparation will be considered for the study area, linking the end product to the relevant technologies of transformation. Macroscopic and microscopic examination of the archaeological finds and experimental replication of various aspects of food preparation techniques informed by ethnographic investigations will form the main analytical tools. The interdisciplinary and contextual examination of the archaeological record will provide a fresh insight into prehistoric cuisine in Europe, the transformation of nature to culture through cooking. The project will revolutionise perceptions of prehistoric food preparation providing insights for the ‘longue durée’ of traditional plant foods constituting Europe’s intangible cultural heritage.

Mots-clés : archaeobotany,ancient food studies,starch analysis,phytolith analysis,ground stone tool technology,tool use wear analysis,cooking devices,prehistoric cuisine
Projet ERC : AYURYOG (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : University of Alberta — Pays : Canada — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 85000.0 €

The project will examine the histories of yoga, ayurveda and rasashastra (Indian alchemy and iatrochemistry) from the tenth century to the present, focussing on the disciplines' health, rejuvenation and longevity practices. The goals of the project are to reveal the entanglements of these historical traditions, and to trace the trajectories of their evolution as components of today's global healthcare and personal development industries. Our hypothesis is that practices aimed at achieving health, rejuvenation and longevity constitute a key area of exchange between the three disciplines, preparing the grounds for a series of important pharmaceutical and technological innovations and also profoundly influencing the discourses of today's medicalized forms of globalized yoga as well as of contemporary institutionalized forms of ayurveda and rasashastra. Drawing upon the primary historical sources of each respective tradition as well as on fieldwork data, the research team will explore the shared terminology, praxis and theory of these three disciplines. We will examine why, when and how health, rejuvenation and longevity practices were employed; how each discipline’s discourse and practical applications relates to those of the others; and how past encounters and cross-fertilizations impact on contemporary health-related practices in yogic, ayurvedic and alchemists’ milieus. The five-year project will be based at the Department of South Asian, Tibetan and Buddhist Studies at Vienna University and carried out by an international team of 3 post-doctoral researchers. The research will be grounded in the fields of South Asian studies and social history. An international workshop and an international conference will be organized to present and discuss the research results, which will also be published in peer-reviewed journals, an edited volume, and in individual monographs. A project website will provide open access to all research results.

Mots-clés : south asian cultural history,medical history,entangled histories,global history,transnational history,medieval and early modern history,colonial and post colonial history
Projet ERC : VisTrans (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions
Entité participante : University of Cambridge — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : U. Cambridge
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2208618.75 €

The project will investigate multi-component molecular machines that drive substrates across the cell envelope of bacteria. Some of the machines pump antibiotics or toxins, and so contribute to drug resistance and virulence in pathogenic strains. Questions that will be addressed include what the molecular pumps look like, how they are assembled and regulated, how they capture and translocate substrates, and the stereochemical basis for the cooperative switching of substrate-binding states. Molecular pumps that will be studied include tripartite systems driven by ATP hydrolysis, which play a central role in the efflux of macrolide antibiotics and secretion of toxins in Gram-negative bacteria, and those that use secondary transporters energized by electrochemical gradients. We will build upon our earlier observations to prepare a series of intermediates encompassing the key steps in the transport processes, to visualize tertiary and quaternary structural changes, the pathway of substrates in the efflux pumps, and the threading of toxin polypeptides through the constricted channel in the secretion assembly. The pumps and secretion systems cycle through intermediate states, and these will be studied at high resolution by cryoEM and crystallography to understand how the conformational states switch with strong cooperativity and avoid futile cycles that dissipate energy. Our work indicates that the activity of these transporters can be modulated by small peptides and potential co-factors, and we will address how these work. The project will build on our novel approach to engineer the pump assemblies that enables structural analysis at high resolution in isolation and in situ, and will be complemented with mechanistic analyses in vitro and in vivo. The project will deliver a comprehensive, structure-based description of the mechanism of drug efflux and protein translocation by transport machines and their regulation in diverse pathogenic bacteria.

Mots-clés : membrane proteins,allostery,cooperativity,durg efflux,protein secretion
Projet ERC : NONUNE (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth system science
Entité participante : Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology — Pays : Suisse — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : ETH Zurich
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 281235.0 €

The project will use a set of innovative techniques to study the two major events that precede classical, uniformitarian geology. We will search for crystallised remnants of the primordial terrestrial magma ocean and examine the consequences of our observations for mantle dynamics. Crystallisation of the dominant lower mantle phase, bridgmanite, imparts a Mg and Si isotopic fingerprint to cumulates and evolving liquid of the magma ocean. Identifying the relicts of these small but distinctive fractionations requires application of our bespoke, high precision analytical protocols. As an integral part of this work, we will undertake coupled first principles calculations and petrological experiments to provide a benchmark documentation of the isotopic fractionations experienced by these two most abundant cation-forming elements in the silicate Earth. We will also date the global onset of plate tectonics from complementary geochemical signatures in two little-studied detrital minerals; Pb enrichment in continental K-feldspars and Mo depletion in rutiles from exhumed fragments of subducted crust. This work uses ground-breaking methodologies made possible by our unique, tribrid (mass-filter:collision-cell:multicollector) mass-spectrometer, Proteus. We will further develop this technology in collaboration with Thermo Fisher to produce a yet more capable next generation instrument. Our tribrid mass-spectrometer allows us to date single, detrital K-feldspars by laser ablation, using Rb-Sr internal isochrons constructed with analyses of host feldspar and sodic perthite exsolutions. Coupled with in situ Pb isotope analysis, we can calculate the U/Pb of the feldspar’s crustal protolith, which diagnostically tracks contributions from subduction.

Mots-clés : isotopic fractionation,mantle convection,magma ocean,continental growth
Projet ERC : RyD-QMB (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental constituents of matter
Entité participante : Max Planck Society — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : MPG
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1497374.99 €

The project “Rydberg dressed quantum many-body systems” (RyD-QMB) will experimentally study long-range interacting atomic quantum many-body systems with tailored microscopic interactions. It will explore supersolidity expected for ultracold bosonic systems with soft-core interactions and realize quantum magnets, that are designable almost at will and feature unprecedented coupling strengths. As such, it opens new directions for atomic quantum simulation and paves the way towards the experimental study and the design of frustrated magnets, interacting topological systems and artificial quantum gauge fields, topics, that not only push the limits of quantum simulators for solid state physics, but also reach out into the field of high energy physics. The unique interaction features RyD-QMB plans to exploit emerge from the combination of ultracold atoms with Rydberg atoms. Using Rydberg dressing long-range interactions will be induced, whose strength, distance dependence and isotropy is controlled. Simultaneously, the gap between the timescales of atomic motion and lifetime of the Rydberg states will be bridged. Strong optical coupling to the Rydberg state is key for the implementation of useful Rydberg dressing. Therefore, RyD-QMB will use high power single photon coupling in the ultraviolet to induce the interactions. RyD-QMB will explore Rydberg dressing of continuous as well as lattice systems and aims to: * Demonstrate microscopic interaction design of quantum many-body systems using strong Rydberg dressing of potassium. * Explore exotic superfluidity in two dimensional long-range interacting systems and, especially, realize soft-core interacting many-body systems that are predicted to show supersolidity. * Study ground states and non-equilibrium dynamics of strongly interacting quantum magnets with designed long-range spin couplings that are induced by the light field.

Mots-clés : rydberg atoms,quantum many body systems,quantum simulation
Projet ERC : NEPOSTRANS (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : Institute of Political History (Hungary) — Pays : Hongrie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : PTI
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1963075.0 €

The project’s goal is to provide a new, overall narrative of how the Habsburg Empire was replaced by nation states at the end of WWI and reconsider in the light of its results categories and concepts like state and statehood, local, regional and national, transition and transformation. A novel combination of historical comparison and histoire croisée enables the in-depth analyses of a set of local transitions in diverse regions (agrarian, industrial, commercial, urban, rural, multi-and mono-ethnic, borderland and mainland, litoral) and the combination of these results with the existing literature on other localities. The team addresses four main themes: state, elites, identities and discourses. The focus is always local, the question is how these societies faced the momentous changes and found their place within empire and nation-state(s). It will look at interactions, cultures and especially rupture and continuity of people, norms, practices, institutional cultures in order to discover patterns of transitions and the social factors influencing them. Besides a typology of transitions, it also aims at gaining a new perspective on empire and nation state from this crucial moment of collapse and state-building. The project is informed by New Imperial history, the idea of phantom boundaries, everyday ethnicity, integrated urban history. At the methodological level it builds on a symmetrical comparison of the selected cases and on an asymmetrical one with the existing literature, while the object of comparison is the transition that we conceptualize as an “intercrossing”. Through analysing this ‘transformation from below’ and connecting for the first time what has remained scattered both in historiography and in the social representations, the project aims to write a new history of modern Eastern Europe as a common legacy for an integrated European history.

Mots-clés : habsburg monarchy,empires,nation states,transition,transformation
Projet ERC : NEUROMET (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System
Entité participante : Université Claude Bernard - Lyon 1 — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Lyon I
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 878667.62 €

The proper function of neuronal circuits in the adult brain relies heavily on glucose metabolism to ensure energy-demanding neuronal functions such as synaptic activity or long distance axonal transport. Deregulation of the energetic metabolism is strongly associated to many neurodegenerative diseases and has been linked to some neuropsychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia. However our current understanding of metabolic regulation in the developing brain and in particular in rapidly growing neurons is still fragmental. I recently identified a novel function for the kinase LKB1 in the control of axon outgrowth and terminal branching in the mouse cortex (Courchet et al. Cell 2013). This novel function of LKB1 involves the kinase NUAK1/ARK5, a poorly studied kinase related to the metabolic regulator AMPK. Furthermore our work uncovered a completely novel mechanism by which LKB1 and NUAK1 control terminal axon branching through the capture of mitochondria at nascent presynaptic sites. However the roles of presynaptic mitochondria in developing neurons and how they contribute to axon morphogenesis remain an open question. In this project I will to study how the regulation of glucose metabolism and mitochondria function by LKB1 and NUAK1 underlie neuron development and circuit formation in the neocortex. We will develop techniques combining live imaging of fluorescent metabolic reporters, functional metabolomics and in vivo manipulation of gene expression in mouse models to identify the relationship between glucose metabolism and axon development. My experimental plan will revolve around three independent aims that will tackle this question from a subcellular scale to circuits in vivo. Overall, this project will provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of the neocortex and will point out some of the consequences of metabolic imbalance on the development of the brain, a question that has many important implications for public health.

Mots-clés : neocortex,axon,mitochondria,lkb1,nuak1