Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : Hidden Galleries (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : National University of Ireland — Pays : Irlande — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : NUI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 990087.0 €

This project concerns the creative agency of religious minorities in the transformation of Central and Eastern Europe societies in the 20th century. It constitutes the first comparative research on the secret police archives in the region from the perspective of the history and anthropology of religion and offers a radical perspectival shift on the value and uses of the secret police archives away from questions of justice and truth to questions of creative agency and cultural patrimony. Interdisciplinary in nature it combines archival, anthropological and cultural studies approaches to provide a re-examination and re-contextualization of the holdings of secret police archives in three states; Romania, Moldova and Hungary. The secret police archives, in addition to containing millions of files on individuals monitored by the state, also constitute a hidden repository of confiscated religious art and publications of religious minorities that were persecuted in the 20th century under fascism and communism. The investigation of these materials will be complemented by ethnographic research and the impact of the research will be extended through a public exhibition of previously hidden materials. The project has three principal stages: 1) copy/retrieve and catalogue examples of this creative material from the archives; 2) engage in ethnographic research with the communities that produced this material in order to explore the meaning and power of these artistic creations at the time of their production and in the context of post-socialism; 3) curate and stage a touring exhibition that re-presents the narratives and experiences of religious groups through their own artistic creations in order to conduct research in real time on questions of religious pluralism and intolerance in contemporary society. Through these three steps, this project will shed fresh light on the role that minority religious groups played in challenging the hegemonic order and in extending pluralism.
Projet ERC : Perspectival Realism (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Complexity
Entité participante : University of Edinburgh — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1606155.0 €

This project develops a novel view in philosophy of science called perspectival realism, via a three-pronged highly interdisciplinary approach, which combines the philosophy of science, with scientific practice, the history of science and the history of philosophy. Scientific perspectivism has recently attracted a great deal of attention for its ability to account for the perspectival nature of modelling, pervasive in the physical sciences, the life sciences, and the social sciences. Can scientific knowledge be perspectival, and at the same time, true? Can perspectivism be made compatible with realism? Four goals guide and structure the project: (1) To offer a systematic investigation of how contemporary physicists deal with the perspectival nature of modelling, either by exploring innovative non-perspectival methods (in particle physics), or by devising ways of integrating different data sets and optmising their use for heuristic purposes (in observational cosmology). (2) To examine, via salient historical case studies, to what extent scientific controversies and disagreement among scientists can be traced back to perspectival modelling, including measurement and experimental techniques. (3) To re-assess the historical origins of perspectivism as a distinctive mode of scientific inquiry back to the Enlightenment, and in particular to Kant's 'Copernican Revolution'. (4) To critically elaborate a metaphysics for perspectival realism that can ultimately answer the overarching question: 'Can perspectivism be made compatible with realism'? The outcome is a scientifically and historically informed philosophical position, with the groundbreaking potential of advancing traditional debates about pluralism, unification, and realism in scientific research. The project pursues these goals via an innovative methodology, in five sub-projects, bringing together physicists, historians of science and of philosophy, and philosophers of science, in an unprecedented way.

Mots-clés : philosophy of science
Projet ERC : AMPLITUDES (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental constituents of matter
Entité participante : Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 215281.25 €

This project focuses on developing quantum field theory methods and applying them to the phenomenology of elementary particles. At the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) our current best theoretical understanding of particle physics is being tested against experiment by measuring e.g. properties of the recently discovered Higgs boson. With run two of the LHC, currently underway, the experimental accuracy will further increase. Theoretical predictions matching the latter are urgently needed. Obtaining these requires extremely difficult calculations of scattering amplitudes and cross sections in quantum field theory, including calculations to correctly describe large contributions due to long-distance physics in the latter. Major obstacles in such computations are the large number of Feynman diagrams that are difficult to handle, even with the help of modern computers, and the computation of Feynman loop integrals. To address these issues, we will develop innovative methods that are inspired by new structures found in supersymmetric field theories. We will extend the scope of the differential equations method for computing Feynman integrals, and apply it to scattering processes that are needed for phenomenology, but too complicated to analyze using current methods. Our results will help measure fundamental parameters of Nature, such as, for example, couplings of the Higgs boson, with unprecedented precision. Moreover, by accurately predicting backgrounds from known physics, our results will also be invaluable for searches of new particles.

Mots-clés : scattering amplitudes,feynman integrals
Projet ERC : CHANGE (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : University of Oxford — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1490768.0 €

This project gathers, for the first time, the evidence for the development of the monetary economy of Anatolia, from the invention of coinage there in the late 7th century BC to the absorption of the region by Rome c. 30 BC. Using new digital technology, it organizes this evidence to deploy it for the first time to answer major questions concerning the economic history of this region over the longue durée. Part 1 creates a complete overview of the relevant coinages produced by c.300 cities, 4 empires, 6 kingdoms, and c.50 independent dynasts in this period and region. Delivered with established Linked Open Data technology, this framework amalgamates coins in 5 public collections to create a database of c.50,000 coins. This database will be used to quantify monetary production over time and place. Part 2 assembles for the first time a full record of published finds of coins from hoard and excavation contexts. This data will be amalgamated with that from Part 1 to produce a detailed mapping of movement of coinage over time and place. Part 3 assembles a checklist of epigraphic documents attesting to monetary behaviour across the period of interest. This will be analysed for types and change of monetary activity over time, thus overlaying the evidence from one discipline on that of another. Part 4 comprises a series of interdisciplinary enquiries into the change in the monetary economy based on data from Parts 1-3. Major questions regarding the purpose of coinage, extent of monetisation, and efficiency of transaction will be investigated. It also addresses questions that have dominated recent debates such as economic connectivity, the existence of networks, and economic balance between large states and small. CHANGE will offer a case study of what can be achieved through the marriage of ‘traditional’ research with new methods and tools created by ‘Digital Humanities’. It offers a model for the re-evaluation of the monetary economy of the whole Ancient Mediterranean.

Mots-clés : ancient coinage,ancient monetary history,greek epigraphy,linked open data
Projet ERC : DINEMOS (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Proof of concept grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Physical and analytical chemical sciences
Entité participante : University of Liverpool — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 150000.0 €

This project has two main deliverables in the area of organic electronics: (i) A database of molecular semiconductors with predicted high charge mobility. This database contains molecular materials that are characterized structurally but the vast majority of its entries are not tested or intellectually protected as molecular semiconductors. The quality of our predictions was verified in a recent paper published in Nature Materials (doi:10.1038/NMAT4970) and such database is therefore of great commercial value. (ii) A software to predict the charge mobility of newly synthesized molecular materials. Such product will help all developers of new materials to identify their best lead compounds and explore rapidly many variants. Saving time (only the most promising candidates are characterized in full) and reducing the risk of competitors taking advantage of a discovery by minor modification of a good material. The exploitation plan includes intellectual protection (patent) of the best molecules in (i) and copyright of the software (in (ii)), followed by commercialization of both.

Mots-clés : computed aided materials discovery
Projet ERC : GRETPOL (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : KTH Royal Institute of Technology — Pays : Suède — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : KTH
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1331382.0 €

This project investigates how and why environmental concerns have become so important to our conceptions of the polar regions today. Through a historical study of both the Arctic and Antarctic from 1945 to the turn of the past century, the project explores the connections between how environments are described - particularly through the natural sciences and economics - and the judgments made about how those environments should be administered. The key hypothesis of this project is that the process of describing an environment cannot be separated from the process of controlling and managing it. Changing perceptions of concepts such as development, ecological fragility, and wilderness have provided frames for describing and understanding the polar regions. Why has natural resource extraction been deemed appropriate (or even necessary) in some contexts, and wholly forbidden in others? Why did the concept of sustainable development become important during the 1980s? Can we think of scientific research programs as instruments of colonialism? And why did national parks and conservation agreements become politically useful? GRETPOL will produce a new understanding of how far from being the passive frames for human action, environments (in the polar regions but indeed also beyond) are constructed by human agency. As anthropogenic climate change reduces polar ice extent and threatens the entire globe, the question has never been timelier.

Mots-clés : geopolitics,environment,polar regions
Projet ERC : OTTOLEGAL (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : Sabancı University — Pays : Turquie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : SU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1998785.0 €

This project investigates the formation of law in the Ottoman Empire between 1450 and 1650. Examining the religio-legal opinions (fetva) of scholars and decrees of sultans (kanun), it aims to expose the hybridity of Ottoman law by revealing the agency and interaction of diverse groups in the lawmaking process, moving beyond the well-known role of such actors as the government (the sultan and his representatives) and scholars to better understand the role of other, lesser-known actors like local groups with entrenched interests, non-Muslim communities, common people, founders of endowments, guilds, merchants, and others. Previous scholarship in the field has mainly utilized fetva and kanun as fixed legal categories, respectively representing the order of sacred law (sharia) and the will of the sultan. This project departs from this view, instead treating both fetva and kanun as malleable media that provided languages for the articulation and hybridization of diverse legal views. Approaching the study of the Ottoman legal history from a new perspective, OTTOLEGAL scrutinizes a large corpus of kanun and fetva texts with particular research questions that are expected to reveal the agency and interaction of multiple groups and their ideas in the formation of law. Additionally, the project aspires to develop a model of lawmaking that will account for diversity and change across time and space in early-modern societies. The OTTOLEGAL team will prepare a database with a web portal, including metadata, description, transliteration, translation, and essays of scholarly analysis for the key sources of the project. In addition, three monographs and one sourcebook will be written and published, and two international conferences will be organized and their papers published in two edited volumes. This project promises to recast the field of Ottoman legal history on the basis of a new perspective and open new frontiers in the study of history and law.

Mots-clés : ottoman empire,global history
Projet ERC : single-C (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : Stockholm University — Pays : Suède — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1441783.31 €

This project is aimed at accelerating the synthesis of important organic molecules through key enabling technologies towards automatized catalysis and single-carbon insertion reactions. Transferring the simplest carbon units to organic molecules has the potential to change the way we approach synthesis planning through new asymmetric skeletal homologations and rearrangements of simple raw materials, for which only long workarounds exist now. These methods can reduce to half the manipulations required to access relevant medicines, organocatalysts, ligands, bio-molecular tools and photovoltaic devices. They target unreactive functions to introduce fundamental one-carbon units (CO or C) that are present in virtually any organic compound. New powerful reagents that resemble these basic single-carbon units in excited electronic configurations are to be developed for this purpose. The new catalytic methods needed are based on the solid grounds of carbene-transfer reactions and the recent advances of my group in the development of new homogeneous catalysts. Moreover, a new catalyst platform will be developed to complement our existing portfolio for success in the challenging processes targeted in this proposal. We aim to pioneer a fully automatized workflow for research in catalysis that devoid the synthesis of organic ligands replacing them by combinatorial assemblies built in situ from un-structured simple molecules. The new reactions arising from these new catalysts and reagents will expedite the valorization of raw materials (such as carbonyls, olefins and hydrocarbons) into important chiral molecules in a single transformation. This bold aim is a priority of the European Commission for the coming years as it will save time, protect the environment and reduce cost at once. Thus, these innovative technologies have the potential of transforming the research workflow in homogeneous catalysis and the logics of retrosynthesis of organic molecules at a fundamental level.

Mots-clés : synthetic chemistry,carbene transfer catalysis,asymmetric catalysis,c h functionalization
Projet ERC : MigrantParents (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Leiden University — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 122518.05 €

This project is an anthropological study of citizenship in a Europe where the presence of migrants has increasingly come to be seen as a burden or threat. This project examines how citizenship is debated, produced and negotiated in this context. It does so through a multilevel study of debates, interventions and practices related to migrant parenting in Paris, Milan and Amsterdam. The experiences of Egyptian migrant parents – a relatively new North African and (partly) Muslim migrant group – serve as its vantage point. Migrant parenting provides a new and fertile angle to explore questions of citizenship, understood here as membership and participation in the nation. Migrant parents are frequently seen as potential threat to the reproduction of the nation, and may thus be targeted by a variety of citizenship agendas designed to ensure the proper reproduction of citizens. This research examines how migrant parents engage with such agendas. It thereby studies the intersection of 1. political debates regarding migrant parents and the nation, 2. interventions through which states regulate and shape the reproduction of citizens, and 3. everyday interactions in the context of parenting. Theoretically, this research will advance theories of citizenship through its innovative focus on migrant parenting, enabling an understanding of how correspondences between family and nation impact citizenship. It also contributes to citizenship studies through its innovative multilevel analysis, which details how citizenship is produced at the intersection of political debates, institutional interventions, and everyday interactions. Additionally, its comparative design enables an assessment of the impact of particular political debates and institutional arrangements on citizenship in Europe. This study will thereby further our understanding of the complex set of conditions that shape social life in contemporary European cities.

Mots-clés : citizenship,migration,europe,parenting,anthropology of policy
Projet ERC : MaMBoQ (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : University of Tübingen — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 39118.75 €

This project is devoted to the analysis of large quantum systems. It is divided in two parts: Part A focuses on the transport properties of interacting lattice models, while Part B concerns the derivation of effective evolution equations for many-body quantum systems. The common theme is the concept of emergent effective theory: simplified models capturing the macroscopic behavior of complex systems. Different systems might share the same effective theory, a phenomenon called universality. A central goal of mathematical physics is to validate these approximations, and to understand the emergence of universality from first principles. Part A: Transport in interacting condensed matter systems. I will study charge and spin transport in 2d systems, such as graphene and topological insulators. These materials attracted enormous interest, because of their remarkable conduction properties. Neglecting many-body interactions, some of these properties can be explained mathematically. In real samples, however, electrons do interact. In order to deal with such complex systems, physicists often rely on uncontrolled expansions, numerical methods, or formal mappings in exactly solvable models. The goal is to rigorously understand the effect of many-body interactions, and to explain the emergence of universality. Part B: Effective dynamics of interacting fermionic systems. I will work on the derivation of effective theories for interacting fermions, in suitable scaling regimes. In the last 18 years, there has been great progress on the rigorous validity of celebrated effective models, e.g. Hartree and Gross-Pitaevskii theory. A lot is known for interacting bosons, for the dynamics and for the equilibrium low energy properties. Much less is known for fermions. The goal is fill the gap by proving the validity of some well-known fermionic effective theories, such as Hartree-Fock and BCS theory in the mean-field scaling, and the quantum Boltzmann equation in the kinetic scaling.

Mots-clés : many body quantum mechanics,interacting quantum lattice models,effective evolution equations,quantum transport theory,renormalization group,topological insulators,universality
Projet ERC : CLaQS (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : University of Zurich — Pays : Suisse — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UZH
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1876050.0 €

This project is devoted to the mathematical analysis of important physical properties of many-body quantum systems. We will be interested in properties of the ground state and low-energy excitations but also of non-equilibrium dynamics. We are going to consider systems with different statistics and in different regimes. The questions we are going to address have a common aspect: correlations among particles play a crucial role. Our main goal consists in developing new tools that allow us to correctly describe many-body correlations and to understand their effects. The starting point of our proposal are ideas and techniques that have been introduced in a series of papers establishing the validity of Bogoliubov theory for Bose gases in the Gross-Pitaevskii regime, and in a recent preprint showing how (bosonic) Bogoliubov theory can also be used to study the correlation energy of Fermi gases. In this project, we plan to develop these techniques further and to apply them to new contexts. We believe they have the potential to approach some fundamental open problem in mathematical physics. Among our most ambitious objectives, we include the proof of the Lee-Huang-Yang formula for the energy of dilute Bose gases and of the corresponding Huang-Yang formula for dilute Fermi gases, as well as the derivation of the Gell-Mann--Brueckner expression for the correlation energy of a high density Fermi system. Furthermore, we propose to work on long-term projects (going beyond the duration of the grant) aiming at a rigorous justification of the quantum Boltzmann equation for fermions in the weak coupling limit and at a proof of Bose-Einstein condensation in the thermodynamic limit, two very challenging and important questions in the field.

Mots-clés : many body quantum mechanics,bogoliubov theory,bose einstein condensation