Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : JEWSEAST (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : Ruhr University Bochum — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : RUB
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1849198.0 €

This project analyzes Jews in Eastern Christian communities and Eastern Christian sources, beyond the Byzantine context, namely, relations between Jews and Christian communities in the Middle East Central Asia, the Caucasus, Ethiopia, and South India. In order to obtain a truly accurate understanding of the dynamics of Jewish-Christian relations in the non-Latin world during the Middle Ages, these various regions and traditions must be studied together because they were all profoundly interconnected through the exchange and translation of texts, artistic motifs and techniques, and other goods, via long-distance trade along the “silk road”, the Mediterranean, and the Indian Ocean, which, of course, also entailed the movement and encounter of peoples, Jews and Christians among them. The research team endeavors to answer four intertwined questions: 1) what we can know about actual “real-life” interactions between Jews and a variety of Eastern Christian communities; 2) what were the meanings and functions of invented or rhetorical Jewish identities; 3) what is the significance of Jewish-Christian polemics, both written and visual, in lands or among communities where: a) there were supposedly few to no Jews, or Jewish identity was “invented”; b) there were Jewish and Christian communities who had the opportunity to be in regular contact with one another; 4) how were Christian stories, laws, biblical interpretations, or motifs in which Jews featured prominently, or Jewish tales and motifs about Christians transformed as they were transported from one cultural milieu to another? Because scholars have examined Jewish relations with Christians, and even Muslims primarily in the context of uneven power relationships; namely Jewish-Christian relations in Western Europe or Byzantium, or Jewish-Muslim relations in the Islamic one leaving Jewish-Christian relations untouched apart from shared communal structures, this project opens a new field.
Projet ERC : TRADENET (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : École polytechnique — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : X
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 812000.0 €

This project analyzes the propagation of shocks through international trade. The microeconomic structure of trade networks is argued to favor the propagation and amplification of shocks with an end-effect on the dynamics and volatility of aggregate trade. The exploitation of highly disaggregated firm-to-firm trade data offers a unique opportunity to analyze these questions into details. The first part of the proposal studies the determinants of trade networks. I build a search-and-matching framework to explain the formation of bilateral trade relationships as a matching process between individual exporters in one country and individual buyers located in another country. This framework allows explaining the structure of trade networks observed in the data, both in the cross-section and over time. The model is also used to revisit several puzzles of the international economic literature, including the question of welfare gains from trade and the convergence to the law of one price. The second part of the proposal studies the consequences of the structure of trade networks for the volatility of trade and its resilience to relative price shocks. I study how the observed connections between individual firms help propagate individual and aggregate shocks, with an end-effect on the volatility of aggregate trade and the comovement of GDPs across countries. The high concentration of trade networks and the strength of production linkages, within and across countries, help amplify the aggregate effect of individual shocks. I also analyze how the structure of trade networks shapes the response of aggregate trade to relative price shocks. The nature and history of firm-to-firm relationships is argued to have implications for the aggregate elasticity of trade.

Mots-clés : trade networks,granular fluctuations,global value chains
Projet ERC : OUTOFPAPUA (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Complexity
Entité participante : Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : VU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499684.0 €

This project combines urgent documentation of endangered languages in Indonesia with rigorous investiga-tion of a linguistic puzzle that has important implications for our understanding of both Melanesian and Southeast Asian prehistory. Some two dozen Papuan languages, scattered over a 1000km on and around the Bird's Head of West Papua, show signs of sharing a common origin. The OUTOFPAPUA project uses cut-ting-edge methods in historical linguistics to test the hypothesis that these languages belong to a single West Papuan language family, and to investigate the possibility that their distribution reflects a migration of Papuan people, in relatively late prehistoric times, from the New Guinea mainland outward and westward into the Indonesian archipelago. The project will also address the question of what drove this putative expansion, in particular the possibility that it had to do with indigenous agricultural innovations. Thus, it contributes both to the difficult enterprise of uncovering genealogical relationships among the diverse languages of New Guinea, and to a growing body of research that questions the orthodox linguistic understanding of eastern Indonesia's prehistory in terms of an eastward expansion of Austronesian speakers at the expense of less dynamic Papuan populations. At a methodological level, the project furthers the development of techniques for establishing remote historical linguistic relationships in the absence of written records of relevant languages. The project will make innovative comparisons using a suite of techniques, including the application of new computational methods, the construction of a lexical database of unparalleled richness in Papuan linguistics, and by giving a prominent role to semantic shifts, paleolinguistics, and morphology and paradigms in the reconstructive project. This research aims at achieving a breakthrough in the study of human prehistory in one of world’s oldest areas of human settlement.

Mots-clés : papuan languages,linguistic prehistory,new guinea
Projet ERC : CURIAE VIRIDES (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Vrije Universiteit Brussel — Pays : Belgique — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : VUB
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1336875.0 €

This project conceptualises the worldwide progressive transformation of human rights litigation into more ecocentric litigation and the emerging but important role of (activist) courts in addressing ecological governance gaps. In addition, it will inquire how this greening of social litigation challenges the legal concept of attribution of liability in transnational lawsuits and influences access to effective remedy for victims of transnational ecological harms. The main hypothesis is that ecocentric lawsuits mostly seek to nudge the choice architects of ecological governance, i.e. policymakers and global value chain (GVCs) coordinating firms, to implement effective actions for the sustainability of ecosystems while not necessarily seeking concrete remedies for victims. Although the effectiveness of this activism could be questioned by considering that only a minority of transnational ecological conflicts become lawsuits, ecocentric case law has nevertheless the ability to nudge ecologically responsible behaviour of policymakers and firms. The project will inquire how this instrumentalist use of the judiciary may hide the necessary debate on the quality of ecocentric case law as courts lack technical knowledge on ecological and economic issues and on the type of remedies actual or potential victims (e.g. future generations) can obtain from ecocentric judgments. The combination of systematic (quantitative and qualitative) empirical analysis of global data should lead to a high gain project that sheds light on the transformation of social claims, on the synergies among social and judicial activism and soft law production and implementation, on the institutional quality of courts to understand global ecological and economic conflicts, on the patterns of innovative ecocentric case law, on whether triggering courts contributes to filling ecological governance gaps, and on whether this has (or not) a waterfall effect on access to remedy for victims of ecological harm.
Projet ERC : SCALMS (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : University of Erlangen-Nuremberg — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : FAU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2493650.0 €

This project deals with a disruptive innovation for engineering heterogeneous catalysts. Materials technologies that promise improved catalytic performance are of utmost interest for a more sustainable chemical industry. Very recently, the applicant and his collaborators have introduced a new paradigm in heterogeneous catalysis, namely the use of Supported Catalytically Active Liquid Metal Solutions (SCALMS) (Nature Chemistry, 2017, DOI:10.1038/nchem.2822). The first account of this new class of catalytic materials demonstrated remarkable reactivity of liquid mixtures of gallium and palladium supported on porous glass, outperforming commercial catalysts in the dehydrogenation of butane with unprecedented high resistance against coke formation. The project aims at developing these seminal findings into a general methodology for technical heterogeneous catalysis. The applicant and his team are convinced that SCALMS represent a step-change toward catalytic materials with a higher degree of surface uniformity, structural definition, reactivity and robustness. We are fascinated by the fact that the catalytic reaction in SCALMS does not proceed at the surface of solid metal nanoparticles (with their unavoidable irregularities on technical-scale production) but presumably at homogeneously distributed metal atoms in a highly dynamic liquid metal surface. From this fundamental difference, drastically altered electronic and steric properties are expected and may lead to outstanding catalytic performance. To leverage the full potential of this approach, we aim to explore all relevant effects of interface formation, reactant adsorption, and surface reactivity by a combination of synthetic, analytic, reaction engineering and material processing methodologies. We will focus on selected base and precious metals in liquid Ga supported on porous supports and aim to study these materials for alkane dehydrogenation and alkene conversion reactions.
Projet ERC : DissectingSociety (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : LMU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1477125.0 €

This project enacts cutting-edge perspectives on the multigenre history of sociological and anthropological reasoning. It represents the first comprehensive study to investigate pieces of nineteenth-century sociographic journalism as formative frames/catalysts of social knowledge and science. These social sketches (often referred to as panoramic literature) provide rich ethnographic micro-analysis and often relate to debates held by statisticians, moralists, folklorists, and ethnologists. However, in the discipline-oriented histories of the social sciences and humanities, journalism has been ignored as a form of knowledge and as a founding genre of modern (disciplinary, academic) social science. By exploring the epistemic significance of sociographic journalism, the project promises to institute a cross-genre, transdisciplinary, and transnational historiography of the evolution of social knowledge and to revise mono-disciplinary and Eurocentric tales of the past and present. The project has five kinds of outcome: a series of essays, a conference, a public exhibition, a volume, and two monographs. The corpus comprises social sketches and examples of related knowledge frames (travel accounts, philanthropic reports, caricatures etc.) from Western Europe, the German-speaking countries, and (post-)colonial Latin America. The project develops an innovative mix of anthropological/historiographical approaches to examine (1) the representational techniques of sociographic journalism (e.g., methods of constructing social types, the influence of scientific paradigms); (2) how it connects with epistemic developments (e.g., towards materialist and historicizing conceptions of society); (3) its embeddedness in socio-spatial settings and its relations to academic, artistic, and governmental projects; and (4) how the journalistic sketches are to be situated against processes of urbanization, cultural transfer, nation-building, and the institutionalization of academic disciplines.

Mots-clés : history of anthropological thought,history of the humanities and the social sciences,media cultures
Projet ERC : ANYON (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental constituents of matter
Entité participante : Universität Hamburg — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UHH
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1497500.0 €

This project enters the experimental investigation of anyonic quantum gases. We will study anyons – conjectured particles with a statistical exchange phase anywhere between 0 and π – in different many-body systems. This progress will be enabled by a unique approach of bringing together artificial gauge fields and quantum gas microscopes for ultracold atoms. Specifically, we will implement the 1D anyon Hubbard model via a lattice shaking protocol that imprints density-dependent Peierls phases. By engineering the statistical exchange phase, we can continuously tune between bosons and fermions and explore a statistically-induced quantum phase transition. We will monitor the continuous fermionization via the build-up of Friedel oscillations. Using state-of-the-art cold atom technology, we will thus open the physics of anyons to experimental research and address open questions related to their fractional exclusion statistics. Secondly, we will create fractional quantum Hall systems in rapidly rotating microtraps. Using the quantum gas microscope, we will i) control the optical potentials at a level which allows approaching the centrifugal limit and ii) use small atom numbers equal to the inserted angular momentum quantum number. The strongly-correlated ground states such as the Laughlin state can be identified via their characteristic density correlations. Of particular interest are the quasihole excitations, whose predicted anyonic exchange statistics have not been directly observed to date. We will probe and test their statistics via the characteristic counting sequence in the excitation spectrum. Furthermore, we will test ideas to transfer anyonic properties of the excitations to a second tracer species. This approach will enable us to both probe the fractional exclusion statistics of the excitations and to create a 2D anyonic quantum gas. In the long run, these techniques open a path to also study non-Abelian anyons with ultracold atoms.

Mots-clés : fractional statistics,fractional quantum hall effect,artificial gauge fields,quantum gas microscope
Projet ERC : PushQChem (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Physical and analytical chemical sciences
Entité participante : Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology — Pays : Suisse — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ETH Zurich
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1949385.0 €

This project exploits the synergy between the trending area of artificial molecular machines and cutting edge computational chemistry approaches. Specific emphasis is placed on photoswitchable catalysts, which respond to external stimuli with a conformational or configurational change. These controllable motions allow catalytic function to be turned ON/OFF in a switch type fashion by opening/hindering access of a substrate to a catalytic site. On one hand, the rich morphology and chemistry of these smart catalysts calls for computational insights and design principles that complement experiment and push the field forward. On the other hand, the inherent complexity of these highly fluxional molecules makes them perfect subjects for driving modern quantum chemistry out of its comfort zone. To benefit from this synergy, the latest innovations in quantum chemistry-based machine learning techniques will be combined with methods capable of thoroughly mapping the intricate chemistry of molecular actuators. Overall, we aim to bridge the gap between the current state-of-the-art, which has reached reasonable quantum chemical accuracy for rigid medium size organic molecules, and more challenging fluxional architectures. The proposed methodological toolbox will be applied to the field of smart catalysis where general strategies for improving the efficiencies and enhancing enantioselectivity will be formulated. Thus, this project involves exploiting a wide range of modern computational approaches to chemical tasks that are broadly relevant to flexible/switchable catalytic systems. The anticipated output will furnish the computational chemistry community with a comprehensive array of novel next-generation approaches with applicability beyond the field of molecular machines.
Projet ERC : THE FALL (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : University of Copenhagen — Pays : Danemark — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UCPH
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 393716.5 €

This project explores changes in migration and conflict at the end of the Bronze Age (ca.1300-1000 BC) and their relevance for understanding the collapse of Europe’s first urban civilisation in the Aegean and proto-urban groups of the Balkans. The objective is to uncover the human face of this turning point in European prehistory by directly tracing the movement of people and the spread of new social practices across cultural boundaries. Hotly debated ancient tales of migrations are tested for the first time using recent advances in genetic and isotopic methods that can measure human mobility. Combined with mortuary research, this will precisely define relations between personal mobility and status, gender, identity and health to explore social scenarios in which people moved between groups. To better understand the context of mobility, the project also evaluates social networks through which cultural traditions moved within and between distinct societies. For this purpose, regionally particular ways for making and using objects are analysed to explore how practices were exchanged and how types of objects shaped, and were shaped by, their new contexts of use. Metalwork is chosen for this research because new forms came to be widely shared across the region during the crisis, and we can employ a novel suite of analytic methods that explore how this material exposes wider social changes. As personal and cultural mobility took place in social landscapes, the changing strategies for controlling access and mobility in settlement organisation are next explored. The character and causes of conflicts arising through these diverse venues for interaction are identified and we assess if they were catalysts for, or consequences of, unstable social systems. THE FALL uses new primary research to test how this interplay between local developments, cultural transmissions and movement of people shaped the processes and events leading to the collapse of these early complex societies

Mots-clés : migration,bronze age collapse,ancient dna,sea peoples,bronze age warfare,conflict archaeology,prehistoric fortification,defensible sites,archaeometallurgy,metalwork wear analysis
Projet ERC : AtlanticExiles (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : University of Tübingen — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1060528.0 €

This project explores movements and networks of refugees and exiles of the revolutions in the Americas and Europe (1770s–1820s). Political modernity, brought about by the “age of revolutions” and often identified with new notions of sovereignty and citizenship, was intertwined with the emergence of the political refugee as a mass phenomenon. Unprecedented numbers of people—in total, well over a quarter million—sought refuge in countries other than their own on primarily political, rather than religious, grounds. The project sets out to show that political migrants and refugee movements were at the very core of major transformations that the Atlantic world underwent during these momentous decades. These include the reshaping of citizenship and subjecthood regimes, changing practices of welfare and early humanitarianism, the porous and shifting boundaries between freedom and slavery, and the emergence of transnational exile politics. While there is growing consensus that revolutionary ideas and actors in the Atlantic basin can no longer be studied in isolation, those who opposed and fled these revolutions have received strikingly less attention. Focusing on the interactions between refugees and receiving societies in a variety of contexts, Atlantic Exiles breaks new ground on two interlocking levels of inquiry: It recasts the Caribbean as one of the world’s major receiving and transit region for refugees during this period and it provides the first systematic exploration of exile and refugee movements in a decidedly Atlantic perspective. In addition, it sets the findings from the Atlantic world into a long-term and global history context. Based on multi-site and multi-linguistic research and the close engagement with records in the Caribbean, the project opens up new avenues for the study of both Atlantic and refugee history.

Mots-clés : age of revolutions  1770s 1820s,atlantic history,refugees,migration,imperial history,colonial history