Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : CORNERSTONES (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Study of the Human Past
Entité participante : Université de Hradec Králové — Pays : Rép. Tchèque — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 114913.44 €

Between 3000 and 1500 BCE, a relatively small number of Mediterranean and European societies underwent deep changes, leading to large-scale, centralised, and highly unequal economic and political entities. Most of these Early Bronze Age “innovative regions” are identified with the rise of a warrior elite or aristocracy, craft specialisation, agricultural intensification, and expanding exchange networks. What caused the rapid emergence and, centuries later, sudden collapse of these “disruptive societies” is one of history’s most important open questions, particularly in view of their triggering effect on the development of statehood beyond Ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt. CORNERSTONES will examine the economic factors underlying and connecting the rise and fall of Early Bronze Age disruptive societies by drawing on the heuristic potential of macrolithic tools. No artefact category of later prehistory was involved in a larger range of productive processes, from food processing to metal forging. Ubiquitous and plentiful, their numbers are directly related to production intensity, while their distribution reveals economic specialisation and centralisation. The limited attention so far paid to macrolithic tools in prehistoric archaeology is mainly due to the complexity of the required interdisciplinary approach. CORNERSTONES will meet this challenge with a set of innovative research tools from the fields of geology, material mechanics, functional analysis, ethnoarchaeology, and network analysis. New procedures and scientific standards will be combined in a comparative paleo-economic investigation of three of the most prominent Euro-Mediterranean Bronze Age contexts with disruptive trajectories: the Aegean Bronze Age, including Minoan Crete, the Únětice society in Central Europe, and El Argar in the western Mediterranean. This investigation is critical to the understanding of later disruptive processes and the economic challenges they represent for our own society.

Mots-clés : disruptive social dynamics,early state formation,euro mediterranean bronze age,palaeo economy,macrolithic tools
Projet ERC : MUON (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental Constituents of Matter
Entité participante : Forschungszentrum Jülich — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : FZJ
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2085625.0 €

On 4/7/2021 the Fermilab announced the result of a two decade long investigation to determine the magnetic moment of the muon. By tradition, data-driven theoretical methods have been used for 50 years to calculate this magnetic moment. But, interestingly, in the last 20 years growing discrepancies were noted between theoretical and experimental findings. In the literature, the result obtained by using the data-driven method is called the “consensus value" - and it is 4.2 sigma away from the combined experimental result. This 4.2-sigma discrepancy was interpreted by many physicists as a sign for new physics with a new and unknown force - and hundreds of papers appeared in the last few months to explain the 4.2-sigma tension by some form of new physics. For theoreticians this is an extremely exciting situation because even better experimental results are expected in the next 1 to 5 years, which might further increase the tension between experiment and theory. I propose a completely different and much more fundamental theoretical approach: lattice Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). Within this new approach I can reach better accuracies than those of the traditional approach. Furthermore, my innovative approach uses far less experimental inputs, reducing the effects of uncertainties associated with input. The objective of the present application is to show unambiguously that either (a) there is no new force, that the experimental results are actually in agreement with the Standard Model of particle physics or (b) confirm the existence of new physics with a high confidence level. To that end a very large-scale lattice Quantum Chromodynamics approach will be applied using supercomputers to yield the muon's magnetic moment with the unprecedented precision of 10(up-10) level of accuracy. The success of this project will open a new window for high precision lattice Quantum Chromodynamics and put a final word on the two decade old mystery around the muon's magnetic moment.

Mots-clés : elementary particle,lepton,quantum chromodynamics,quantum electrodynamics,ab initio calculations,lattice field theory,supercomputer calculations
Projet ERC : BRIGHT (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Human Mobility, Environment, and Space
Entité participante : Leibniz-Gemeinschaft — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : WLG
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2013601.0 €

The rapid growth of solar and wind power, as well as demand electrification technologies, increasingly underscores that successful climate change mitigation strategies will heavily rely on sector-coupled energy systems, in which renewables-dominated electricity is used for previously non-electric end-uses and fuels. Under such sector-coupling, the integration of variable renewable energy (VRE) and demand-side electrification are highly synergistic; cheap VRE makes electrification attractive, while flexibilization of vehicle charging or heat generation reduces reliance on more expensive VRE integration options. Energy modeling tools that inform both policy and the private sector either focus on long-term temporal and spatial scales to understand the transition to climate neutrality (Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs)), or on shorter scales relevant for power system operation, VRE integration and sector coupling (Power System Models (PSM)). However, no single tool captures both scales with high detail, leading to an increasingly critical knowledge gap that results in the risk of misallocation of substantial future investments. BRIGHT will bridge this gap by a first-of-its-kind bidirectional coupling of a global IAM with a PSM, combining the strengths of both. It is organized in five work packages: A method-focused WP1 on establishing the model coupling; three WPs on advanced modeling and analysis of sector transitions in transport (WP2), buildings (WP3), and industry (WP4); and a final WP5 that synthesizes insights to enhance energy transition scenarios for Europe, other major economies, and global Paris-aligned climate change mitigation pathways. BRIGHT will inform climate policy and business on crucial questions such as the cost and achievability of climate stabilization targets, residual fossil emissions, and the role of renewable energy technologies and electrification in competition with structurally conservative mitigation options like CCS, biomass or nuclear.

Mots-clés : integrated assessment modeling variable renewable energy sector coupling energy economics
Projet ERC : PrimiGenomes (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Environmental B iology, Ecology  and E volution
Entité participante : Université de Stockholm — Pays : Suède — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2500000.0 €

The field of ancient DNA has made major contributions to evolutionary biology and palaeontology in recent years, due to its power to reveal novel information about prehistory. However, even though many of the evolutionary processes that shaped the present-day biota have taken place over hundreds of thousands of years, nearly all ancient DNA studies to date have focused on biological changes during the last 50,000 years. I here propose a groundbreaking project that aims to study evolution on a million-year time scale. We will develop and apply novel palaeogenomic methods to extend the current limits of DNA recovery, which will allow us to address scientific questions previously thought to be beyond the realm of ancient DNA research. More specifically, we aim to sequence one hundred ancient genomes recovered from Early and Middle Pleistocene remains of multiple Holarctic mammalian species. This will enable us to examine macroevolutionary changes across speciation events and key periods of Pleistocene climate change. More specifically, we will investigate several fundamental questions on how species originate, the importance of interspecific introgression, the timing and rate of adaptive evolution, and the demographic consequences of past environmental change. My research group has a track-record at the cutting-edge of wildlife palaeogenomics, and recently led the study that extended the limit of ancient DNA recovery to beyond one million years. Based at the newly established Centre for Palaeogenetics in Stockholm, the project will extend beyond the current state of the art and will set a new paradigm for palaeogenomic research. The resulting data will provide an unparalleled resource for researchers studying long-term evolutionary dynamics and environmental changes at a global scale.

Mots-clés : ancient dna,palaeogenetics,palaeogenomics,palaeontology
Projet ERC : MISSINGMARKETS (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : Université de Stockholm — Pays : Suède — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1951117.0 €

Half of the world's extreme poor – or over 430 million people – live in Sub-Saharan Africa. The vast majority live in rural areas and work in agriculture, where productivity is desperately low. This keeps welfare low now – and in the future – as agricultural productivity increases are seen as a condition for both structural transformation and to avoid the worst impacts of climate change. This is the motivation for bringing the green revolution – which has so far bypassed the continent – to Sub-Saharan Africa. Despite the logic being compelling, the results from a decade of research on technology adoption in African agriculture have been largely disappointing. Interventions aimed at increasing farmers ability to invest in inputs to produce more of what they already do have not proven transformative. In this research proposal, I will investigate a complementary explanation why income and productivity in African agriculture remain low: it is what farmers produce – precisely the quality and value added of their output – that keeps them poor, and they produce low quality because there is no demand for smallholders to produce high quality or higher value-added outputs. As low quality limits price and thus farmers' potential income, missing markets for quality can help explain the low returns to farming. At the core of this research proposal is the hypothesis that markets for quality are missing because of a fundamental information problem: quality is a difficult to observe characteristic. I will rely on three multi-wave randomized controlled field trials to study technological and institutional solutions to overcome this information problem, which hamper demand for high quality products in the export market (work package I) and at home (work package II). In the final work package, I will complete the cycle and study how increases in demand for high quality outputs, and access to high quality inputs, can jump-start a green revolution in rural Africa.
Projet ERC : CORNERSTONES (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Study of the Human Past
Entité participante : Université autonome de Barcelone — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2226777.56 €

Between 3000 and 1500 BCE, a relatively small number of Mediterranean and European societies underwent deep changes, leading to large-scale, centralised, and highly unequal economic and political entities. Most of these Early Bronze Age “innovative regions” are identified with the rise of a warrior elite or aristocracy, craft specialisation, agricultural intensification, and expanding exchange networks. What caused the rapid emergence and, centuries later, sudden collapse of these “disruptive societies” is one of history’s most important open questions, particularly in view of their triggering effect on the development of statehood beyond Ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt. CORNERSTONES will examine the economic factors underlying and connecting the rise and fall of Early Bronze Age disruptive societies by drawing on the heuristic potential of macrolithic tools. No artefact category of later prehistory was involved in a larger range of productive processes, from food processing to metal forging. Ubiquitous and plentiful, their numbers are directly related to production intensity, while their distribution reveals economic specialisation and centralisation. The limited attention so far paid to macrolithic tools in prehistoric archaeology is mainly due to the complexity of the required interdisciplinary approach. CORNERSTONES will meet this challenge with a set of innovative research tools from the fields of geology, material mechanics, functional analysis, ethnoarchaeology, and network analysis. New procedures and scientific standards will be combined in a comparative paleo-economic investigation of three of the most prominent Euro-Mediterranean Bronze Age contexts with disruptive trajectories: the Aegean Bronze Age, including Minoan Crete, the Únětice society in Central Europe, and El Argar in the western Mediterranean. This investigation is critical to the understanding of later disruptive processes and the economic challenges they represent for our own society.

Mots-clés : disruptive social dynamics,early state formation,euro mediterranean bronze age,palaeo economy,macrolithic tools
Projet ERC : Electrophot (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Systems and Communication Engineering
Entité participante : École polytechnique de Milan — Pays : Italie — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : PoliMi
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 426950.0 €

Mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectroscopy is a nearly universal way to identify chemical and biological substances and to perform non-invasive diagnostics. More specifically, the 6-15 µm wavelength range can be exploited to detect small traces of environmentally hazardous and toxic substances for a variety of applications including defense, security and industrial monitoring. While current optical systems in the mid-IR range are based on bulky assemblies of discrete devices, a challenging task is to make mid-IR spectroscopy accessible in remote areas, driving the development of compact and cost-effective solutions to replace table-top systems. In the project we aim at addressing new routes for high resolution spectroscopic systems based on dual-comb spectroscopy by developing innovative frequency comb sources. The strategy developed in ELECTROPHOT is based on the unique properties of graded index Silicon Germanium (SiGe) photonics circuits, which are their transparency in a wide spectral range together with the ability to fine tune both the electronic bandgap and refractive index of SiGe alloys, to make large progress in mid-IR photonics. Based on these capabilities, the original idea of the project is to exploit simultaneously optical nonlinear and electro-optic comb generation, to generate compact frequency comb sources providing simultaneously wideband operation with fine and tunable resolution. Interestingly the photonics circuits will leverage from reliable and high-volume fabrication technologies, already developed for microelectronic integrated circuits to provides a new playground in mid-IR photonics.

Mots-clés : silicon photonics,mid infrared,frequency comb generation opto electronics,non linear optics,
Projet ERC : HeartCORE (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing
Entité participante : École polytechnique de Milan — Pays : Italie — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : PoliMi
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 283882.0 €

Remodelling processes associated with genetic and non-genetic cardiac diseases can cause electrical conduction disturbances and arrhythmias. Current models used to predict functional alterations due to structural remodelling fail to accurately assess arrhythmogenic risk, mainly because they do not draw upon comprehensive functional and structural data and are typically based on low-resolution and non-integrated information. Here, I present HeartCORE, an interdisciplinary approach designed to establish a mechanistic relationship between electrophysiological dysfunction and structural alterations in an animal model that mimics human cardiac electrophysiology. Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts will first be electrically characterized in terms of conduction, repolarization properties, and arrhythmogenicity using a dual-wavelength panoramic optical mapping system that includes the transmural dimension. The hearts will then be transformed into well-preserved, fully transparent organs and imaged with a high-throughput light sheet mesoscope to reconstruct cardiac muscle organization and collagen deposits with micrometric resolution. Selected high-resolution immunohistochemistry images will be integrated with the structural data of each organ to develop a computational model of cardiac electrical activity and explore the possibility of reproducing in silico experimentally observed electrical behaviour. This methodology will be applied to investigate the impact of cardiac remodelling (including non-myocyte reorganization) on conduction disturbances and arrhythmogenesis in two distinct scenarios: generalized interstitial fibrosis in congenital hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and localized scarring in acquired myocardial infarction. HeartCORE aims to create a unifying model that integrates functional and structural data, enabling a comprehensive investigation of the morphological causes leading to electrical alterations and enhancing predictive concepts in arrhythmogenesis.

Mots-clés : cardiac electrophysiology arrhythmia cardiac fibrosis optical mapping mesoscopic imaging advanced microscopy computational cardiac electrophysiology
Projet ERC : POLICE-PRISONS-FIRMS (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : Université de Stockholm — Pays : Suède — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 667552.25 €

Economic inequality across the population implies vastly unequal opportunities in many dimensions that can impact an individual’s chance of entering the justice system. One such channel via which this can occur – even holding criminal behavior constant – is unequal treatment by agents of the justice system (e.g. police). The consequences of such partiality is not trivial: once in the system, it is hard to get out. And to the extent that convictions and sanctions result in worse outcomes (e.g. employment) for offenders and/or family members, the cycle of crime and economic inequality will perpetuate for current and future generations. This program pushes forward the evidence base on three channels (police, prisons, firms) through which this cycle can be broken. Part 1 aims to measure and study the adoption of implicit bias training programs by police agencies. Despite such programs being a go-to response of agencies accused of bias, there is almost no knowledge on how/whether they impact officer behavior. Part 2 addresses the knowledge gap on ‘what (specifically) works’ in prison. First, we will study the unintended impacts of two Swedish sanction reforms onto untreated populations. (i) Does more time in prison have spill-over effects for family members? (ii) Did the introduction of electronic monitoring impact the conditions and outcomes of ineligible offenders left behind in prison? Second, we will open the black-box of prison healthcare to study how in-prison treatment (diagnoses, medication, vaccines, programs) impacts post-release health, medication adherence, and crime.  Part 3 aims to further our understanding of the employment opportunities – or lack thereof – for workers with criminal records (WCR). We will use Swedish registers to study (i) the extent to which WCR are sorted across firms and the determinants of a firm’s demand for WCR, (ii) selection of WCR into self-employment, and (iii) how an offender’s social networks impact firm hiring decisions.

Mots-clés : inequality,discrimination,police,prisons,crime,firms,employment,health,spill overs
Projet ERC : LowRad (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental Constituents of Matter
Entité participante : Université de Münster — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Universität Münster
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 3495575.0 €

The astrophysical and cosmological evidence that the majority of matter in the universe must consist of exotic dark matter is overwhelming. But it is not yet clear what dark matter really is. Very promising candidates are WIMPs, the detection of which would also solve other pressing questions in particle physics. For the search for WIMPs, liquid xenon-based detectors are by far the most sensitive. The collaborations LZ, XENON and DARWIN joined to build a next generation detector, DARWIN/G3, with a sensitivity limited only by coherent neutrino scattering. Such a detector will not only search for dark matter, but will become an observatory for rare event searches (axions, solar neutrinos, neutrinoless double beta decay, ..). Despite construction in underground laboratories and with further shielding or veto systems for muons or neutrons, the sensitivity of these detectors is limited by radioactive decays within the xenon, especially of the radioactive noble gas isotopes 222Rn and 85Kr, dominating the background of current xenon-based dark matter experiments. In this project we want to push the possibilities of cryogenic distillation to continuously reduce 222Rn and 85Kr to an unprecedented level of 1 atom per 100 mol of xenon (10 mol in case of 85Kr), which will make their background contributions at DARWIN/G3 to be a factor 10 smaller than that of the un-shieldable solar neutrinos. Our cryogenic distillation setups which obtain their cooling power from a novel heat pump concept offers the additional benefit of determining the impurity concentrations in-situ. We will integrate the novel distillation systems with the removal of electronegative impurities and their diagnostics into a compact cleaning system. Within LowRAD we aim to provide a complete quasi loss-less continuous 85Kr removal system ready for DARWIN/G3. In addition, we will explore how several important physics channels would become possible due to the extremely low 222Rn and 85Kr concentrations.

Mots-clés : dark matter,rare event searches,underground physics,radio poor material,xenon,noble gases