Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : PRAYER (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Texts and Concepts
Entité participante : Université de Leyde — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499704.0 €

Vernacular prayer books were by far the most commonly read book in the late medieval Low Countries. The mainstay of this vast corpus is the Book of Hours in the translation by Geert Grote (c. 850 manuscripts and 30 printed editions), founder one of the period’s most powerful religious reform movements. Nowhere else outside the Netherlands do so many manuscript and printed editions of this type of prayer book survive in the vernacular. While these books are fundamental for our understanding of religiosity, and of textual and visual literacy between 1380 and 1550 - a period that saw dramatic changes in the religious landscape and in book production - the sheer volume of material and its diversity has prevented researchers from fully grasping the nature and impact of this vibrant phenomenon. Pages of Prayer sets out to conduct the first large-scale investigation of this unique corpus by introducing a new approach - network philology - that studies all aspects of vernacular prayer books in their mutual interdependence. The project aims to chart the entire ecosystem of Dutch-language prayer books - including manuscripts, printed books, texts, images, producers, owners, patrons, places, devotions, and the relations between all of these aspects - over a long period of time by combining quantitative network analysis with advanced qualitative analysis to reach meaningful interpretations of the data. The nature of the material requires this research to be tackled within a multidisciplinary project. All members contribute to the digital network analysis. Sections of the ecosystem are further analyzed in work-packages that focus on the production and reception of manuscripts, the poetics of prayer, the function of images, and changes and continuities in relation to religious movements and the advent of print. The project will yield an integrative understanding of the role of prayer books in the late medieval Low Countries on the threshold of the medieval and early modern era.

Mots-clés : medieval vernacular literature,book history,history of religion
Projet ERC : Twist2Braid (Horizon Europe, appel 2025, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Condensed Matter Physics
Entité participante : Collège de France — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1456563.0 €

One of the most fascinating prospects of two-dimensional quantum systems is the realization of anyons, a unique category of quasiparticles that defy classification as either fermions or bosons, hence transcending the standard model of particle physics. Exploring and manipulating these anyons carries profound fundamental implications and the potential for paradigmatic-shifting technologies. Notably, a subset known as non-Abelian anyons should enable universal and topologically fault-tolerant quantum computations. Traditionally, the search for these anyons has focused on quantum Hall systems, where the strong magnetic fields required to stabilize them have significantly hindered advances in their characterization and manipulation. In the last year, groundbreaking experiments on twisted moiré bilayers successfully realized fractional Chern insulators, serving as zero-field analogs of quantum Hall states where anyons can naturally occur. I present the Twist2Braid project to capitalize on the advancements from these pioneering experiments and unlock the promises offered by non-Abelian anyons. My proposal is structured around three key pillars: (1) identifying ideal moiré heterostructures through a high-throughput search over two-dimensional materials and their stacking and twisting configurations; (2) modeling topological moiré materials and predicting experimental signatures indicative of anyonic physics; and (3) designing new systems acting as traps for non-Abelian anyons using both interfaces between topologically ordered phases and proximity with superconductors. To achieve the latter two objectives, I will develop innovative variational numerical methods that overcome the limitations of state-of-the-art computational techniques and allow simultaneous access to the bulk and edge properties of systems under consideration.

Mots-clés : topological phases,anyons,moir materials,two dimension,strongly correlated quantum systems
Projet ERC : SOCIALCRAVING (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Compl exity
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1491166.0 €

Social relationships have important effects on health and disease. Our interactions with others, feelings of social isolation versus connection, and perceived social norms influence behavior, physiology, and even mortality. Yet, an ongoing challenge is to understand the brain mechanisms underlying social context effects on human health, which could ultimately enable us to use neuroimaging to predict psychosocial risk factors and individual vulnerability to unhealthy lifestyle. I propose to address this challenge, by testing how social norms and social relationships influence food and alcohol craving and health-related decision-making. Paralleling my recently developed brain signature of food and drug craving, I predict that I can develop a brain signature of social craving—our unfulfilled need for social contact—using fMRI and machine learning, and that responses of this signature are associated with increased susceptibility to social context effects on decision-making and health. Work package (WP)1 will test the effects of social influence on food craving, drink craving, and delay discounting, and whether social influence effects generalize across tasks. WP2 will test whether and how social rejection versus connection increases food and drink craving, delay discounting, and social craving. WP3 will use machine-learning to develop a new neurophysiological signature of social craving and use data from all WPs to investigate whether responses of this social craving signature are associated with 1) susceptibility to social influence, 2) social rejection effects on decision-making, and 3) aggregate measures of lifestyle, mental, and physical health. By uncovering the brain bases of social context effects, the SOCIALCRAVING project will transform our understanding of the neurophysiology underlying craving and health-related decision-making and allow for a new level of brain-based prediction of individual vulnerability to psychosocial risks and negative health outcomes.

Mots-clés : fmri social neuroscience decision making food choice brain imaging social influence
Projet ERC : CereCode (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499038.0 €

Motor control involves many brain structures, handling different behavioural aspects such as planning, learning and execution of movements. In vertebrates, while downstream structures such as motor nuclei in the brainstem seem to encode simple stereotyped movements, other structures such as the motor cortex seem to encode higher level aspects of motricity such as goal oriented complex movements. The cerebel-lum, a key structure for movement coordination and motor learning is extensively connected to higher struc-tures such as the neocortex, but also to brainstem nuclei controlling simple movements. How the cerebel-lum influences downstream structures depends on the computations occurring in its output layer, the Cere-bellar Nuclei (CN), which integrates information from the cerebellar cortex and from extracerebellar inputs. However, these integration mechanisms and population coding in the CN are not well understood, because technological and experimental difficulties have limited the study of CN processing rules both at the cellu-lar and at the population level. CereCode will address unanswered fundamental questions that undermine our understanding of cerebellar-dependent motor control. 1) What is the functional connectivity in the CN network and how are sensorimotor inputs from different parts of the brain integrated? 2) How are CN sen-sorimotor computations represented at the population level? Are there functional modules controlling ste-reotyped movements or are different tasks encoded within the same population? 3) What is the individual role of the different extracerebellar inputs during behaviour? CereCode will address these issues combining recent discoveries in CN neurophysiology, viral strategies, optogenetics, and a new imaging tools that I developed based on 3D-two-photon acousto-optic-lens imaging and GRIN lenses, shining light on the neu-ral code of an essential brain structure.

Mots-clés : motor control locomotion cerebellar nuclei population imaging acousto optic lens microscopy optogenetics
Projet ERC : REACHER (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and Processes Engineering
Entité participante : Université de Lorraine — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UL
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1378915.5 €

Thermal engines, refrigeration systems and heat pumps rely on thermodynamic cycles, in which an inert working fluid converts input thermal and mechanical energies into another useful energy form (work or heat) by cyclically transforming its thermal energy content. Although the selection of the working fluid is the main lever to increase their performances, whatever the fluid is, recorded efficiencies remain far below the highest achievable ones. This deficiency is strongly affecting the exploitation of waste heat and renewable thermal energies by closed power cycles, as well as representing the main cause of the slow performance improvement of heat pumps and cooling technologies. With the aim to effectively increase the performances of thermodynamic cycles, I propose to investigate a radically new thermodynamic structure, resulting from the use of equilibrated reactive working fluids instead of inert ones. Preliminary calculations have indeed shown that the simultaneous conversion of the thermal and chemical energy of reactive fluids may result in the intensification of these energy conversion processes. This project applies an original methodology that integrates thermodynamic and kinetic predictive tools to discover and characterize suitable reactive fluids, allowing for the quantification of the effects of reaction features on cycle performance and the optimization of the cycle?s configuration. The novelty of such a solution approach and comprehensiveness of the applied methodology builds the innovative character of REACHER. Probably due to the complex multi-disciplinarity of the problem or to the negligence of this possible way to convert chemical energy in thermodynamic cycles, this field has remained substantially unexplored. The successful development of REACHER will provide the former fundamental understanding on how chemical energy can be efficiently exploited in the intensification of thermodynamic cycles for power, refrigeration and heating purposes.

Mots-clés : thermodynamic cycles reactive working fluids product design approach process design approach theoretical study and experimental observation
Projet ERC : LoRDeT (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : Université de Lorraine — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UL
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1498013.0 €

Low regularity dynamics are used for describing various physical and biological phenomena near criticality. The low regularity comes from singular (random) noise or singular (random) initial value. The first example is Stochastic Partial Differential Equations (SPDEs) used for describing random growing interfaces (KPZ equation) and the dynamic of the euclidean quantum field theory (stochastic quantization). The second concerns dispersive PDEs with random initial data which can be used for understanding wave turbulence. A recent breakthrough is the resolution of a large class of singular SPDEs through the theory of Regularity Structures invented by Martin Hairer. Such resolution has been possible thanks to the help of decorated trees and their Hopf algebras structures for organising different renormalisation procedures. Decorated trees are used for expanding solutions of these dynamics. The aim of this project is to enlarge the scope of resolution given by decorated trees and their Hopf algebraic structures. One of the main ideas is to develop algebraic tools by the mean of algebraic deformations. We want to see the Hopf algebras used for SPDEs as deformation of those used in various fields such as numerical analysis and perturbative quantum field theory. This is crucial to work in interaction with these various fields in order to get the best result for singular SPDEs and dispersive PDEs. We will focus on the following long-term objectives: - Give a notion of existence and uniqueness of quasilinear and dispersive SPDEs. - Derive a general framework for discrete singular SPDEs. - Develop algebraic structures for singular SPDEs in connection with numerical analysis, perturbative quantum field theory and rough paths. - Use decorated trees for dispersive PDEs with random initial data and derive systematically wave kinetic equations in Wave Turbulence. - Develop a software platform for decorated trees and their Hopf algebraic structures.

Mots-clés : decorated trees,dispersive pdes,hopf algebras,renormalisation,resonance scheme,singular spdes,
Projet ERC : cofacTau (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Molecules of Life: B iological  Mechanisms , Structures  and Functions
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1449750.0 €

Tau is an intrinsically disordered protein that regulates microtubule activity in neurons. Aggregation of tau into amyloid fibrils is diagnostic of several diseases, termed tauopathies, that include Alzheimer's disease. Distinct amyloid aggregate structures, so-called "strains", are involved in different tauopathies. These assemblies can spread and recapitulate pathological phenotypes when injected in cells and animals. This is the hallmark that tau aggregates follow a prion behaviour. To date, the factors guiding the formation or propagation of specific strains are unknown. Showcasing this crucial gap in knowledge is the fact that none of the brain-extracted tau amyloid structures has been reproduced in vitro. This project intends to establish a paradigm shift for the very definition of tau strain. I propose the novel hypothesis that the co-aggregation of tau with other biomolecules such as lipids or polyanions, so-called cofactors, is a defining property of tau prion strains. To demonstrate this hypothesis, I will test that the tau-cofactor interactions (i) dictate the structure of tau aggregates, (ii) enable structure replication through seeding and (iii) dictate the neuropathology developed in cells and mice after inoculation of tau seeds. My approach is to study the pathological properties and the conformational evolution of tau aggregates in the presence of biologically-relevant cofactors possessing different physico-chemical properties. By mapping the interactions between tau and cofactors, my goal is also to establish the canonical rules governing tau structural differentiation. This proposal combines multiple methods including EPR and NMR spectroscopy, AFM-based nanospectroscopy, biochemistry, cell biology and animal histology. The proposed paradigm shift would have a very high impact in the field of tauopathies, for example by enabling accurate structure-based drug discovery, revealing new drug targets and pinpointing key deleterious metabolic pathways.

Mots-clés : epr spectroscopy,biophysical methods,multi technique approach,tau protein,tauopathies,prion like aggregation,amyloid aggregation,tissue analysis,cofactors
Projet ERC : X-HEP (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental Constituents of Matter
Entité participante : Organisation des Nations unies pour l'éducation, la science et la culture — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Unesco
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1351125.0 €

The Standard Model (SM) of particle physics is a very elegant theory that has led to a long list of impressive achievements, one of the latest being the discovery of the Higgs particle. Nowadays, the researchers of the phenomenology at the highest energy frontier face the unknown, and one of the biggest questions in the field is: what physics lies beyond the SM? Progress in answering this question will require the combined efforts of a large number of experimental and theoretical physicists.  How does my project fit in this context? The research project that I present will uncover original models describing the laws of physics at the energy frontier; its ultimate goal is to answer: what novel phenomenology may lie beyond the SM? My plan is to attack this question through a constructive approach, and to establish an atlas characterising all the allowed extensions of the SM. In order to achieve this, I will develop a variety of new tools and approaches based on:  - the scattering S-matrix bootstrap and positivity constraints, which will permit a rigorous exploration of the space of high energy theories, and the discovery of new exotic effective field theories;  - on-shell effective field theory, which will allow us to: a) achieve an unprecedented precision in the determination of observables (key for the interpretation of data from upcoming generations of collider experiments) and b) uncover new hidden structures of the SM;  - the Hamiltonian Truncation method, this will be a universal tool for computing quantum field theory observables beyond perturbation theory, providing a window into new strongly-coupled phenomena.  Based on my experience and equipped with these new methodologies my team and I will be able to penetrate uncharted territory, and so discover novel phenomenology at the energy frontier, something which is hardly possible with more conventional methods. The approach I propose will be crucial to meet the upcoming challenges in the high energy frontier.
Projet ERC : Janus (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Immunity, Infection and I mmunotherapy
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499928.0 €

All eukaryotic cell multiplication requires well-orchestrated developmental programs and regulatory pathways to guarantee fidelity in transmission of genetic information. Multiplication inside red blood cells of Plasmodium falciparum, the deadliest malaria parasite, is responsible for malaria pathogenicity. Unlike model organisms, Plasmodium divides in unconventional ways producing not two but up to tens of thousands of daughter cells, in a single cell cycle round. This points to a yet-to-be-explored original and divergent cell cycle architecture where conventional rules likely do not apply. We hypothesise that a transcriptional clock paces the cell cycle while a network of local players modulates and fine-tunes the activity of effectors through phosphorylation. To test this hypothesis, we will first use single cell transcriptomics and high resolution phospho-proteomics to understand how these are connected with cell cycle events and their contribution to normal progression and controlled cell cycle arrest. Secondly, we will conduct a genome-scale conditional genetic screen to identify cell cycle regulators – we will map progression of pooled barcoded mutants using cell cycle reporters, barseq and single cell transcriptomic readouts. Finally, we will combine the data collected throughout the JANUS project and provide an integrated model of cell cycle progression, checkpoints, their associated transcriptional and signalling events, and their interdependence. Furthermore, we will functionally dissect on a gene-by-gene basis the entrance into the replicative phase based on our modelled data. Altogether the JANUS project will provide insights into an ancient, yet divergent process, essential for parasite survival and propagation with unprecedented detail. It may reveal innovative eukaryotic adaptations to cell cycle control in this basal lineage which could generate new insights into protist biology and provide new tools in the continuing fight against malaria.

Mots-clés : divergent biology,malaria parasites,high throughput genetics screen,pertub seq,single cell transcriptomics,pathway analysis,cell cycle regulation,dna replication,nuclear and budding cycle coordination
Projet ERC : DISINFORMED TEENS (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Compl exity
Entité participante : Université de Leyde — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1500000.0 €

Disinformation is a growing and pervasive problem in modern society. Adolescents spend over 6.5 hours per day on their smartphones and many use social media as a primary information source. There is ample indication in the developmental science literature that adolescents might be particularly susceptible to disinformation. Yet surprisingly little is known about how susceptibility to disinformation changes throughout adolescence and how we might foster youth’s resilience against disinformation. Here I propose an innovative research program to develop the first comprehensive account of susceptibility to disinformation during adolescence. With this fundamental knowledge, I will develop new instruments to promote truth discernment in youths, which are urgently needed in today’s digital era. While many prior developmental studies rely on self-reported online activities, the proposed research will innovate this field by gaining deep and objective insights by applying natural language models to adolescents’ social media data, computational models of reinforcement learning and decision-making in novel experimental paradigms, and network analyses to capture the interplay between risk factors. This approach will gain novel and necessary insights into: 1. the types of (dis)information that adolescents encounter on social media. 2. How persuasion techniques affect adolescents' veracity judgements and information sharing decisions. 3. The learning processes that underlie social influence and impact adolescents’ veracity judgements and information sharing decisions. 4. The individual differences which make adolescents more susceptible to disinformation and extreme views. The findings will result in a comprehensive, fundamental understanding of adolescents’ susceptibility to disinformation, including risk factor contexts, and the first evidence-based educational program against disinformation tailored to youths’ age specific needs.

Mots-clés : adolescence,social media,disinformation,misinformation,psychology,cognitive science,social development,cognitive development,social influence,reinforcement learning,cognitive modelling