Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : AT-TENSION (Horizon Europe, appel 2025, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Compl exity
Entité participante : Université de Tartu — Pays : Estonie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499750.0 €

The world is witnessing a sharp rise in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnoses, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. While historically considered a childhood neurodevelopmental disorder, an increasing number of adults are now seeking help for impairing ADHD-like features like inattention, disorganization, restlessness, impulsivity, forgetfulness and emotional dysregulation. Strikingly little is known about the mechanisms causing specific adult ADHD features, raising a key question: Are adult ADHD features truly the same as childhood ADHD, or do they rather reflect other mental conditions with overlapping symptoms? Substantial phenotypic overlap of mental health conditions and lack of precise screening tools make accurate detection of adult ADHD extremely challenging and error prone. Modern mental health care critically needs advanced, biology-informed methods to differentiate mental conditions with greater accuracy.  AT-TENSION combines psychology, genomics and data science to dissect the causal mechanisms underlying adult ADHD features and to propose an innovative framework for genomics-informed screening tool development. We will (i) determine diverse genetic mechanisms and causal links with other mental conditions by conducting a pioneering genome-wide investigation of specific adult ADHD features across five large biobanks; (ii) quantify the impact of diverse environmental factors like stress, lifestyle and COVID-19 pandemic on adult ADHD features across life stages and genders; (iii) develop and test a novel genomics-informed screening tool for more accurate ADHD detection in adults by using machine learning and genomics. The goals are achieved by innovatively combining three large-scale data layers: self-reported, electronic health records and genetic data. AT-TENSION aims to redefine our current conceptualization of adult ADHD and revolutionize mental health psychometrics by integrating genomics into screening tool development.

Mots-clés : mental health,adult adhd,screening instruments,psychiatric epidemiology,psychiatric genomics,stress,covid 19 pandemic,data science
Projet ERC : EMPSOLID (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Study of the Human Past
Entité participante : Université de Tartu — Pays : Estonie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499954.0 €

By the late nineteenth century, the Romanov Empire stretched half-way across the globe, turning inhabitants of the territory stretching from today’s Tallinn to Vladivostok into subjects of one and the same empire. Yet, we know little about whether the population felt any impulse to help one another in times of need. Under what circumstances did people feel compassion towards distant others and how far-ranging did their sympathies extend? What did these solidarities mean, how were they enacted and expressed through ideas, emotions, and lived experiences? If solidarities could reach across such a multiconfessionally and multiethnically heterogenous empire, how does the Romanov experience enrich our understanding of empire and solidarity as seemingly irreconcilable notions? EMPSOLID applies an unconventional lens to answer these questions. It pioneers a new history of affective practices that, for the first time, focuses on private charity as a method to make solidarities visible and allow us to study them in action. The project’s objectives are to: 1) trace the conceptual history of solidarity in the empire; 2) gather and analyse examples of grassroots private charitable initiatives (benevolent and charitable associations, fundraising campaigns, and private donations) across four regionally distinct Romanov imperial border regions (Baltic provinces, Southwestern provinces, South Caucasus, Turkestan) from 1855-1914 on behalf of beneficiaries outside of the givers’ vicinities; and 3) digitally map flows and networks of donations to generate insights into larger trends and spatial patterns in charitable practices. The project’s ambitious, decentring perspective aspires to envision a long-overdue new spatial history of the Romanov Empire in the long nineteenth century founded on horizontal threads of solidarity linking regions and postulates that these charitable entanglements formed a crucial part of the social fabric holding together nineteenth-century empires.

Mots-clés : charity
Projet ERC : FoodID (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Study of the Human Past
Entité participante : Université de Tartu — Pays : Estonie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2404561.0 €

The major challenge of archaeological identity studies stems from the dynamic, multidimensional, performative and contextual nature of identities, which are hard to grasp through the material remains alone. To tackle the complexities of different identity manifestations, one possible solution is to investigate the social phenomena that bridge both daily and special events, apply to all members of a community, cover different social categories, and are not limited to material culture. One of these is FOOD!  Building on the concept of social foodways, FoodID sets out to reveal how ancient dietary practices reflect individual and group identities through combining cutting-edge biomolecular dietary analysis with an in-depth socio-archaeological contextualisation. This methodological conceptualisation will be applied to eastern Baltic protohistory (1000-1400AD; EBP), serving as a socio-cultural melting pot of multidimensional identity dynamics, due to its diverse foreign contacts, intensified social stratification, different religions and political power-plays. By the systematic integration of well-developed and novel biomolecular methods, applied to human skeletal remains and pottery food residues, the project will reveal a) unique high-resolution individual dietary portraits, and b) intersectional social dietary profiles reflecting multiple and dynamic identity manifestations in different EBP contexts. Furthermore, the diachronic and synchronic inter- and intrasite comparisons will help to reveal the contextual and situational nature identity negotiations. FoodID will validate dietary practices as socially embedded and actively embodied performative phenomena that invigorate multidimensional and dynamic, individual and group identities in past societies. The project will advance social dietary archaeology by building synergetic bridges between the humanities and natural sciences, and highlight cultural legacy of food in identity building in the past as well as today.

Mots-clés : biomolecular archaeology,ancient dietary reconstructions,social archaeology,identities,early middle ages,protohistory,north eastern europe
Projet ERC : gutMAP (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Immunity, Infection and I mmunotherapy
Entité participante : Université Eberhard Karl de Tübingen — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1497033.75 €

Mental illnesses are among the most prevalent health burdens, with major depression ranking fourth among the leading causes of disease worldwide. Although diverse psychotropic drugs are available, the delayed onset of drug action, high non-responder rates and frequent side effects still pose significant challenges. Several observations suggest the gut microbiome as major contributor to high inter-individual differences in drug responses. While there is evidence that these drugs lead to changes in the microbiome composition of patients, it has not yet been explored whether these effects are part of the drug mode of action and/or whether they contribute to side effects. The aim of this project is to investigate to what extent gut microbes are involved in the therapeutic outcome of psychotropic drugs by employing model synthetic and patient derived microbiome communities (from stool of drug responders, non-responders and healthy controls), and in vivo gnotobiotic mouse models. We will systematically characterize the reciprocal interactions between gut microbes and commonly used psychotropic drugs ex vivo – from microbial drug metabolism to drug-induced bacterial secretion of neuroactive compounds. For intriguing interactions, we will elucidate the underlying mechanisms and use the knowledge to design engineered microbiomes. We will then employ gnotobiotic knockout mice deficient for primary drug targets of psychotropic drugs and colonize them with microbiome communities carrying the different mapped traits to separate the contribution of drug effects originating from the microbiome from those of the host. Overall, our results will inform microbiome-guided therapeutic strategies whose improved efficacy we will test in vivo. Due to the transferability of the developed technology and if successful, this new research direction could not only revolutionize psychotropic drug therapy, but also pave new ways for improving personalized drug therapy for many other diseases.

Mots-clés : microbiome gut brain axis,microbial metabolism,systems microbiology,psychotropic drugs
Projet ERC : CAR-TIME (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention,  Diagnosis and T reatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : Université Eberhard Karl de Tübingen — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499875.0 €

Cancer immunotherapies with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have shown dramatic clinical efficacy in patients with B cell neoplasms. Thus, their clinical use is expected to increase considerably in the near future. However, for poorly understood reasons, not all patients with lymphoma benefit from these expensive therapies. The ability to stratify patients into probable responders vs. non-responders prior to immunotherapy will improve treatment efficacy, limit patient exposure to adverse effects, and mitigate the significant economic costs associated with these therapies. We and others have previously demonstrated that effective antitumoral immunity requires complex, spatially coordinated interactions between different cellular elements within the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). There is evidence that patient response to immunotherapy is attributed to specific characteristics of the TIME, such as the composition, spatial arrangement, and activation states of immune cell types in it. Therefore, a better understanding of the TIME, and of how immunotherapies come into effect in live, intact human tissues, is critical for the selection of successful immunotherapies for our patients. The overarching aim of the CAR-TIME project is to explore and visualize the cellular and molecular mechanisms of CAR T cell efficacy in lymphoma, determined by CAR T cell interactions with the TIME. This shall be achieved by creating a high-dimensional map of the TIME of diffuse large B cell lymphoma, performing live tissue cultures treated with immunotherapies, and establishing a novel live cell microscopy platform to interrogate intact human lymphoma tissue treated with CAR T cells. Drug perturbations, multidimensional imaging technologies, RNA sequencing and integrative bioinformatics analysis will illuminate mechanisms of therapy response vs. resistance, reveal novel predictive biomarkers, and inform future combination immunotherapy strategies to improve patient outcomes.

Mots-clés : highly multiplexed microscopy,light sheet microscopy,live cell microscopy,lymphoma,car t cells,combination immunotherapy
Projet ERC : VIOLENCE WORK (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Study of the Human Past
Entité participante : Université de Gand — Pays : Belgique — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UGent
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499375.0 €

VIOLENCE WORK is a groundbreaking study of everyday violence in Belgian Central Africa—Burundi, Congo, and Rwanda (19th-20th C). Though colonial violence has been studied widely, few have explored how everyday violence enabled colonialism and allowed it to persist. This project combines hitherto neglected source materials and a novel conceptual entry point—violence work(ers)—to foreground the everyday violent practices crucial to creating and maintaining the colonial state. The project’s core claim, and main innovation, is that violence work was not performed exclusively by formal violence workers—the men in uniform—but rather by a range of actors (colonizer and colonized) in- and outside the state. Everyday violence work includes not only direct acts of physical violence (e.g., whipping) but also other forms of punishment, such as incarceration and coercion through the threat of violence, as well as subtler forms of aggression forcing compliance (e.g., harassment) and the ways these different levels of violence reinforced each other. This inclusive definition enables an unprecedented, comprehensive view of the enforcement practices that colonial rule depended on. VIOLENCE WORK opens up new questions about the centrality of violence in theorizing, creating, and maintaining colonialism and the colonial state. This first in-depth, multi-sited, transnational/regional comparative study of everyday colonial violence will undergird further research on how colonial legacies persist and interact with local and new repertoires of violence work, contributing to dismantling persistent colonial myths about these regions and their inhabitants as inherently violent. The online database will be a crucial tool for future researchers and open up many new avenues of research. Its major innovation of a pluralistic approach to everyday violence work will reinvigorate the debate not only about colonial violence but also, ultimately, about colonial states and nation-states more broadly.

Mots-clés : violence,colonialism,pre colonial,african great lakes history
Projet ERC : aTONE (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Systems and Communication Engineering
Entité participante : Université de Gand — Pays : Belgique — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UGent
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499213.0 €

Understanding and modulating neural networks requires high-resolution acquisition of neural activity over time, real-time analysis, and minimally invasive stimulation methods with high specificity. Such procedures are particularly needed for treatment of sensory disfunction (e.g. hearing loss), and certain neurological diseases (e.g. epilepsy). The lack of soft, biocompatible, hybrid and smart neural interfaces hinders our capacity to study complex neural dynamics and efficiently apply responsive neuro-modulation therapy. Here, the overall objective is to exploit novel ion gated transistors (IGTs) and organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) to establish the first fully implantable, biocompatible, and soft responsive electro-optical neurostimulation system in an animal model. I hypothesize that organic electronics can create all the required building blocks, from an IGT-based application-specific integrated circuit that will improve the efficiency of neural signal acquisition and permit local processing, to OLED-based optogenetics, through a conformable self-contained package. Such a system will increase signal-to-noise ratio (>25dB), resolution (>1500 interfaces/cm2), and spatial specificity (con-formable OLEDs for optogenetics) compared to existing state-of-the-art neurostimulation devices such as cochlear implants. To achieve that, we will have to design smart fabrication routes that allow the development of both devices into a single front-end probe, overcome stability issues, and create efficient and fast IGTs for both front-end interfaces and circuits. We will do that by tuning materials composition, engineering improved designs and better understand the mechanisms of interaction with the physiological environment. This research will enable a new generation of neural interfaces and a deeper understanding of auditory neural networks, and the electro-optical stimulation effects upon them.

Mots-clés : neuroelectronics,auditory,neurostimulation,optogenetics,electrical,hybrid,neural interrogation,closed loop
Projet ERC : NOMISS (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences
Entité participante : Université de Gand — Pays : Belgique — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UGent
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1667410.0 €

Printed opto-electronics based on solution processable colloidal semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) can make available a much-needed small footprint, low cost and flexible platform for optical sensing, imaging and spectroscopy in the technologically relevant short and mid-wave infrared (IR) spectrum (1.5 μm – 5 μm). However, while this revolution took place in the visible spectrum, and is happening at the side of detection for IR light, QD IR light source technology is currently expensive, lacking performance and is based on restricted chemical elements. Moreover, final device assemblies have large footprints, limiting their functionality in consumer devices requiring large scale deployment. In NOMISS, I will therefore explore a route towards ‘printable IR opto-electronics’ by developing a new class of solution-processable QDs based on non-restricted elements with efficient IR emission. I will study both their fundamental IR light-matter interactions, aimed at increasing light emission efficiency, and the possibility to incorporate them with small-footprint photonic integrated circuits (PICs). To this end, I will first extend the bottom-up chemical synthesis of tunable III-V In(As,Sb,P) QDs. Next, I will study their (non-)linear optical properties, using a novel ultrafast and broadband IR optical spectroscopy methodology, in particular focusing on the fundamental questions related to the QD’s organic/inorganic interface and how to optimize spontaneous & stimulated IR emission. Finally, I will develop a framework to combine these materals with silicon based PIC’s to realize cheap & small-footprint IR light sources, in particular optically pumped lasers. After NOMISS, the new cross-disciplinary and high-impact field of 'printable IR opto-electronics' will be available. To meet these high risk challenges, I will lead a multi-disciplinary team with experts in nanochemistry, nanophysics and nanophotonics engineering.

Mots-clés : nanomaterials,quantum dots,nanochemistry,nanophysics,photonics,optical spectroscopy,femtosecond,excitons,light,pump probe,time resolved,interface,semiconductor,infrared
Projet ERC : HEMIG (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Texts and Concepts
Entité participante : Université de Bologne — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499855.0 €

Across the world, state borders are being increasingly militarised and migrants funnelled into more and more hazardous terrains such as oceans, mountain ranges and deserts. In the last few years alone, several thousands have died while crossing these hostile environments, whose material geographies are harnessed as crucial tools of border control. At the same time, across and beyond urban geographies in the Global North, a generalised atmosphere of hostility has led to shrinking forms of social protection for those classified as outsiders, with legislation passed to deny migrants access to work, housing, services and education. This project sets out to reframe the notion of “hostile environment”, first introduced in the migration debate in the UK in 2012 to refer to such anti-migrant laws, as a conceptual and analytical lens to capture these distant but interconnected processes, whereby “natural” and civic spaces alike have been weaponised by extractive processes, surveillance technologies, border control practices and bureaucratic protocols. Going beyond the catastrophist and security-oriented perspectives that dominate these debates, HEMIG will develop arts-based strategies of spatial and visual analysis to capture the entangled nature of border and environmental violence and its harmful effects. A multidisciplinary team will focus on three border environments located along a typical migrant trajectory linking Sub-Saharan Africa to northern Europe. Using a unique combination of methods (big/small data, high/low tech tools and remote/field research), as well as involving affected communities and partner organisations in each location, the project will introduce new cutting-edge visualisation and mapping techniques to analyse these phenomena. In this way, it will also produce new conceptual grounds for rethinking the relation between environment and migration, intervening in public debates on the human and environmental cost of border control.

Mots-clés : critical spatial practices border studies mobilities environmental humanities
Projet ERC : Red Cardinal (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Universe Sciences
Entité participante : Université de Bologne — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1270668.0 €

The formation of massive galaxies, and in particular the quenching of their star formation activity, are among the least understood phases in the history of galaxy evolution. It is widely thought that energetic feedback from Active Galactic Nuclei plays a role in galaxy quenching, but it is not clear how this mechanism actually turns off star formation nor whether additional physical processes, such as gas-rich mergers, are involved. Moreover, it is possible that not all galaxies experience the same type of quenching, since recent studies favor the existence of physically distinct fast and slow quenching channels. Leveraging the groundbreaking observations that will soon be obtained by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), I will test the two-channel hypothesis and identify the physical processes responsible for quenching. I am the Principal Investigator of a Cycle-1 JWST program that will obtain spectra with unprecedented depth and wavelength coverage for a representative sample of galaxies at z ~ 2 - 3, a key epoch for quenching. Using this unique spectroscopic data set, in combination with JWST imaging and multi-wavelength follow-up observations, I will: I) derive star formation histories and quenching timescales using advanced spectral fitting techniques; II) characterize the stellar populations, ionized gas, and molecular gas content of galaxies split by quenching timescale, and identify the physical mechanisms involved in fast and slow quenching by comparing these observations to the predictions of theoretical models; III) explore how the quenching processes depend on redshift, mass, and environment using a novel analysis of rest-frame colors measured from large photometric data sets. This project is extremely timely and will take full advantage of the five-year guaranteed lifetime of JWST.

Mots-clés : galaxy quenching,high redshift galaxies,galaxy surveys