Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : Origins (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Universe Sciences
Entité participante : Université d'Oslo — Pays : Norvège — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UiO
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499984.0 €

During the last decades, high-precision experiments have made increasingly detailed measurements of diffuse Extragalactic Background Light (EBL) emitted by cosmological sources. This has revolutionized the understanding of our cosmic origins. The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) is our most precious resource for understanding the Big Bang, while the Cosmic Infrared and Optical Backgrounds (CIB and COB) provide unique constraints on the evolution of large scale structure from the first galaxies to today. Until recently, measurements of these effects were limited by either foregrounds or instrumental noise. However, the combined signal-to-noise ratio has now grown so large that the interplay between astrophysical confusion and instrumental systematic uncertainties dominate the error budget. To make further process, it has become critical to account for all sources of uncertainties simultaneously. In the Origins project, I will solve this challenge through joint integrated end-to-end analysis of multiple state- of-the-art experiments to construct a single coherent model of all main diffuse astrophysical emission processes from 1 um to 23 GHz. In a novel approach, Origins will utilize archival observations from ACT, AKARI, COBE/DIRBE, COBE/FIRAS, IRAS, Planck, and WMAP, many in the form of raw time- ordered data, with upcoming measurements from Simons Observatory and SPHEREx. This will result in the world’s strongest and most robust constraints on primordial inflationary gravitational waves; the most accurate map of CIB fluctuations published to date; and possibly the world’s first map of large-scale COB fluctuations. Simultaneously, it will redefine our understanding of thermal dust emission in the Milky Way spanning a wide range of the electromagnetic spectrum, and will improve the precision of current models of Zodiacal Light by several orders of magnitude. This Open Science project will define a new paradigm for next-generation CMB B-mode and EBL experiments.
Projet ERC : LABFLEX (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : Université d'Oslo — Pays : Norvège — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UiO
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1500000.0 €

Globalization and technological change have transformed the workplace and the organization of labor. At the core of these major developments is the degree of flexibility in the labor market. Alternative work arrangements, e.g., outsourcing, sub-contracting, flexible scheduling, and flexible pay jobs have become a common feature of labor markets across the globe. While most economists would argue that labor market flexibility facilitates reaping the benefits of globalization and technology growth, these developments can have far reaching consequences for the division of resources in society. Indeed, the recent decades have witnessed a sharp rise in wage inequality. LABFLEX is motivated by these developments and seeks to investigate the causes and consequences of labor market flexibility.  LABFLEX raises a series of questions: Do differences in job contracts reflect shifts in worker preferences, or do they mirror advances in technology that facilitate gains from organizing job tasks differently? What are the impacts of flexibility in job contracts on wage inequality and gender wage gaps? Are workers being compensated for the adverse work conditions or the higher income risks, or do changes in job contracts reflect changes in the sharing of rents between workers and firms? How do labor market institutions affect flexibility? And what is the role of labor market policies?  To answer these questions, LABFLEX will for the first-time link register data to large-scale experimental evidence on workers’ stated preferences for a wide array of work and pay arrangements, and an exhaustive full-text corpus of vacancies with information on job attributes. This will allow drawing a very detailed picture of both the supply and the demand side of the labor market, facilitating a study of flexibility in job contracts. Combining these data with experimental and structural methods, LABFLEX will provide new evidence on the causes and consequences of labor market flexibility.

Mots-clés : labor market flexibility,wage inequality,alternative work arrangements,performance pay,job contracts,compensating differentials,labor market institutions,search frictions
Projet ERC : GC T Subsets (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Immunity, Infection and I mmunotherapy
Entité participante : Université d'Oslo — Pays : Norvège — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UiO
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2129247.0 €

Follicular helper T cells (Tfh), through their cognate interactions with B cells, drive the Germinal Center (GC) reaction resulting in affinity matured memory B cells and Plasma cells, hallmarks of the adaptive immunity and underpinning our ability to counter pathogenic insults. For mounting a successful response against most pathogens, including the virus SarS-CoV-2 that has crippled most nations for over a year, Tfh cells are of central importance. Aberrant activation of Tfh has also been implicated in many diseases, including Multiple Sclerosis, Diabetes and Lymphoma. Understanding Tfh biology is essential for our understanding of the adaptive immune system and in our quest to develop better vaccines and therapeutic treatments, as it will enable us to modulate GC output. Through work over multiple years, the applicant has developed an understanding for Tfh as a highly dynamic population that require equally dynamic regulation. Understanding the true nature of Tfh, and of the T cell subsets that regulate Tfh, including the molecular mechanisms of regulation, will necessitate the combination of new tools with already existing state-of-the-art methods that is proposed herein. This will lead to a new understanding of how Tfh drive B cells throughout the GC, how they shape B cell responses, shedding light on unresolved issues such as how different quality of memory B cells is formed, and how the unappreciated phenomenon of GC termination, proceeds. Specifically this proposal will result in 1) A new definition of Tfh and of GC T cell regulatory subsets. 2) A mechanism for Foxp3+ T cell mediated regulation of GC B Cells and GC termination and 3) A new understanding of the origin and quality of Tfh memory and associated GC T cell memory.

Mots-clés : tfh,germinal center,regulatory t cells,mechanism,tfh memory
Projet ERC : MOTHERS (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Study of the Human Past
Entité participante : Université de Rome « La Sapienza » — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499923.0 €

The intimate relationship between mother and infant, since the first moments after conception, contributed to shaping the evolution of our species and its behaviour. The mother-infant nexus changed through time adapting to environmental changes, new subsistence economies and social constraints. Yet, how the biocultural transitions across human evolution influenced the mode and time of pregnancy and nursing of human infants is under-investigated. MOTHERS will use recently developed cutting edge methodologies of trace elemental and isotopic analyses in dental enamel and dentine to identify the change from an exclusive breast milk diet to one that includes non-milk foods and to assess the mother’s diet and well being. Indeed, dietary behaviour, including that of the mother during pregnancy, deeply affects human growth and development from the earliest phases of ontogenesis and is chemically recorded in developing dental enamel. The goal of MOTHERS is to build consistent interpretative models, based on contemporary infants with controlled dietary and anamnestic history, to reconstruct health, diet, and growth trajectories in early life on an extensive collection of human dental specimens from the Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic, until urbanization, in Italy and Croatia. Also, the profound chemical differences in dental enamel between breastfed and herbivore milk/formula-fed children will allow the identification of the early use of non-human milk and shed light on the herbivore domestication and on alloparental care in past human populations. This project adds value and competitiveness to the bioarchaeological research landscape in Europe. Not only will my project be of interest to a broad range of academics within the social sciences, but it can inform present-day public health policy measuring the effect of dietary shifts in children’s growth and development.

Mots-clés : dental histology,spatially resolved chemical analyses,nursing strategies,life histories
Projet ERC : CHIROLE (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Condensed Matter Physics
Entité participante : Université de Rome « La Sapienza » — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1349544.0 €

In the past two decades, extensive research has established that electronic transport through chiral molecules is spin selective. This phenomenon is known as chiral induced spin selectivity (CISS). While a fundamental comprehension of CISS remains elusive, compelling evidence demonstrates that it affects the interaction among chiral molecules through a spin-dependent contribution. As a consequence, its implication in the origin of biological homochirality has been suggested. CISS is an inherently quantum effect that can play a role in various biochemical processes, crucial for biological functions. However, prior investigations of CISS have taken place under conditions incompatible with life, largely preventing to explore its quantum biology implications.  With CHIROLE, I propose a radical shift in the state-of-the-art experimental approach. I aim at investigating CISS by harnessing light as a tool to foster our comprehension of CISS and gain external control on its biological consequences. My objectives are as follows: A) Probing the impact of CISS on biomolecular interactions occurring in physiological environments, by advanced optical spectroscopies and tailored magneto-plasmonic nanosensors. B) Investigating the role of phonons in CISS by nonlinear optics, triggering coherent vibrations in DNA and probing the induced modulation of CISS by integrated spectroscopies. C) Based on the investigations above, establishing biocompatible methods to dynamically tune the CISS strength with light, by modulating its determining conditions.  The breakthrough of CHIROLE will consist in the shift of the investigation to a fully biocompatible platform, and in the proposed use of light as external knob to control CISS biological implications, with a focus on DNA, and epigenetic regulation as final target.  By linking quantum physics with the biological functions, CHIROLE holds the promise of advancing our understanding of the role of chirality in a quantum biology frame.

Mots-clés : chiral induced spin selectivity quantum biology surface enhanced spectroscopy biomolecular interactions dna plasmonic nanosensors biophysics pump probe spectroscopy
Projet ERC : PROTEGE (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Integrative B iology : from Genes and Genomes to S ystems
Entité participante : Université de Vilnius — Pays : Lituanie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1141779.0 €

Programmable nucleases reside at the nexus of advanced gene editing and microbial defense. These nucleases degrade phage DNA but avoid genomic DNA to provide the microbe with adaptive immunity. The standard-bearer, CRISPR-Cas9, relies on a guide RNA (gRNA) – its program – to precisely cut a complimentary genetic sequence – its target – for precision gene editing. These programmable nucleases deliver cure for genetic diseases like anemia, blindness, and cancer; quick disease model development; and diagnostics for viruses like SARS-CoV-2. Hunts across microbial genomes have exposed thousands of programmable nucleases. Each could be another valuable tool for genome engineers, but we know just too little about them to use them safely. Even Cas9 does not have guide-target parity: It cuts partially matched ‘off-target’ genome sites, which can lead to dangerous side effects. Though we work hard to avoid off-targets, partial matching may have a bright side. What if we leverage it, using it to make gene editing more predictable? Using high-throughput biochemistry, we will Profile nucleases and Repurpose Off-Targets to Expand Gene Editing. The PROTÉGÉ research program will profile guide-target parity – specificity – across promising, newly discovered programmable nucleases. It will deliver a toolset for assessing this critical safety feature rapidly and broadly. Finally, we will test the hypothesis that purposefully misprogramming nucleases can direct specific repair outcomes. We intended to benefit Europe and the world community with safer and more diverse gene editing tools for achieving its Horizon Europe health, technology and environmental goals.
Projet ERC : ReHeal4waste (Horizon Europe, appel 2025, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and Processes Engineering
Entité participante : École polytechnique de Wrocław — Pays : Pologne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : PWR
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1500000.0 €

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have revolutionised daily life and automation, but recovering them poses challenges due to the toxic, multi-component mixtures produced during acidic leaching. Here, we propose a novel method for selectively fractionating metal ions from battery waste and hydrogen production powered by salinity gradient differences that occur when two solutions with different concentrations are mixed. To achieve this, we employ reverse electrodialysis (RED). The RED process selectively fractionates transition metal ions from battery effluent, including complex and toxic metals like Co, Ni and Mn. It also aims to generate energy by increasing the electrical potential difference between the external electrodes, using this power for water electrolysis. These three effects will coincide within the same membrane stack and are inseparable. The research's primary objective is to design and develop an ultra-selective cation exchange membrane that allows for the transportation of only specific transition metal ions such as Co, Ni, or Mn, while facilitating energy extraction through the mixing of spent battery effluents and low-concentration acids. Research on battery waste and hydrogen production from SGE sheds new light on the correlation between membrane properties, energy harvesting, and power hydrogen generation. This research delves into the membrane structure and how its properties impact the amount of energy extracted. The search for novel solutions for extracting metal ions from battery waste should minimise carbon footprint, save energy consumption, and effectively fractionate metal ions from multi-component solutions. The ReHeal4waste introduce a novel Quality to wastewater treatment, offering the opportunity for the fractionation of toxic metal ions and the generation of energy through the controlled mixing of waste streams with low acid content and the generation of green hydrogen.
Projet ERC : MASLAB (Horizon Europe, appel 2025, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Study of the Human Past
Entité participante : Université de Rome « La Sapienza » — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1492143.0 €

By overcoming entrenched disciplinary divides and proposing a theoretical reframing, MASLAB explores how the social, religious and political changes of the Islamic period (mid. 7th-10th c.) fashioned episcopal governance, networks and power in the Christian communities of the Near East. Relying, for the first time, on a multi-language and multi-genre corpus, MASLAB looks at the actions that bishops took and the relations and resources they mobilized in handling new socio-political and religious circumstances: the legal codification of non-Muslims’ social status; the downgrading of Christianity from imperially sponsored religion to political minority; the crystallization of intra-Christian confessional boundaries; the more fluid and federalized notion of power and territoriality. This translates into three objectives: 1) Bringing together largely untapped material, and balancing qualitative and quantitative methods, it provides a prosopographic and topographic study of eastern Christian bishops and dioceses that has been lacking for decades. 2) It bridges disciplinary divides by executing unprecedented comparative studies on episcopal encounters with institutional power, interconfessional encounters and socio-spatial analysis of episcopal networks and governance, confronting four areas of specialism (Armenian, East Syrian, Syriac Orthodox, Coptic). 3) It articulates a novel account of episcopal leadership in the Islamic period, deconstructing the dominating communalist paradigm that sees non-Muslim groups as monolithic, state-recognized entities and reads episcopal relation with power only through the dyadic model ‘bishop-caliph’. Looking at the society in which bishops moved as a complex system of entangled elements, open to multiple internal and external impulses, MASLAB shifts emphasis from former binary paradigms to a multi-agent networks model and from a religious to a political interpretation that accounts for the socio-political variables of the Islamic rule.

Mots-clés : eastern christianity medieval near east christian muslim relations bishops
Projet ERC : MUSICA FRANCA (Horizon Europe, appel 2025, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Texts and Concepts
Entité participante : Université de Rome « La Sapienza » — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1497467.0 €

MUSICA FRANCA will investigate the role music played as a shared medium of communication across medieval Europe, enabling texts and ideas to travel across linguistic and political borders. Indeed, medieval poets and performers thought of melodic borrowing and re-use as constitutive to the process of creation. By investigating melodic imitation, intended as a range of techniques (from borrowing stylistic features to the reuse of entire melodies) in French, Galician-Portuguese, German, and Occitan lyric, from the 12th up to the first half of the 14th century, this project proposes to uncover a network which today appears to us as silent, but which profoundly shaped European intellectual history. The project will implement digital resources to encode and analyse melodies of the four repertories and explore their interconnections. The project’s main aims are: • To define a cohesive methodology for analysing melodic imitation across European lyric repertories, leveraging digital tools to uncover hitherto unknown melodic connections. • To provide a new methodological framework for the study of medieval aesthetics of imitation. This transdisciplinary methodology aims to integrate literary, philological, and musicological studies with network theory, in a translingual perspective. • To offer new topographic representations of medieval Europe, tracing the networks expressed by exchanges of texts and music and their interrelations with their cultural context. • To demonstrate how processes of imitation across different linguistic areas contributed to shaping European identities and a shared musical culture.  The project will produce a series of monographs on musical imitation in medieval Europe, along with two main digital outputs: • The complete digital edition of the music of the trouvères. An interactive platform of geographical networks of musical imitation in medieval Europe.

Mots-clés : romance philology,digital musicology,trouv res
Projet ERC : ERA-ARE (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences
Entité participante : Institut de Recherche et d’Innovation en Santé de l’Université de Porto — Pays : Portugal — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : i3S
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1262450.0 €

The detrimental effects on ecosystems and human health caused by the emerging contamination of aquatic environment by pharmaceuticals urges a disruptive prevention strategy. These drugs, their metabolites and transformation products (TPs) are stable, poorly biodegraded, and recalcitrant. Though novel mitigation measures have been proposed, they are insufficient and often risky due to the possible generation of TPs. Under this increasingly deteriorating scenario for future generations, ERA|ARE aspires to build a strong ground for the realization of an internationally leading research group dedicated to promoting environmental safety. ERA|ARE approach is based on fundamental understanding of enantioselectivity of environmental processes that can impact the fate/behaviour of pharmaceutical contaminants. Fluoroquinolones (FQs), a group of chiral fluorinated antibiotics/anti-cancer agents will be explored as a proof of concept, since most small molecules approved in the last years are either fluorinated and/or chiral, presenting a stable C–F bond and a potentially enantioselective bioactivity. To attain its goals, ERA|ARE will exploit the chirality of selected FQs as a piloting tool to: 1) realize the impact of stereochemistry on antimicrobial resistance (key innovation) by testing the hypothesis that antibiotic resistance (AR) may be acquired in (and not only spread/disseminated by) wastewater treatment plants (never verified before); 2) reveal how to better select drug candidates by biodegradability; 3) pave the way for future directions of Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA); and 4) avoid ecotoxicological effects and bioaccumulation. ERA|ARE will contribute to reduce AR (expected to cause 10 million deaths/year by 2050), raising the alert level for environmental protection and sustainability. ERA|ARE will rebrand the relationship pharmaceutical industry vs environment by disrupting the ERA process and creating pioneering guidelines for the pursuit of safer drugs.

Mots-clés : chiral pharmaceuticals,contaminants of emerging concern,enantioselective processes,transformation products,environmental sustainability,biodegradability,antibiotic resistance,ecotoxicological effects,bioaccumulation