Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : CICMSC (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : University of Oxford — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2455847.0 €

The Islamic networks that historically embedded themselves in Muslim communities within Europe and the UK represent, in theological and methodological terms, most conservative Islamic knowledge traditions, which promote highly conservative social norms, encourage isolation from mainstream society, and in extreme cases also endorse jihad. Despite facing serious competition in recent years from Islamic scholars and institutions that are actively trying to promote teachings from the classical Islamic scholarly tradition, which balances textual loyalty with a focus on contemporary social reality, thereby providing more socially optimal outcomes for young Muslims in the West, the conservative Islamic movements still control the mosque and madrasa (Islamic school) networks and have a visible constituency among second- and third- generation Muslims in the West. Working within theories of institutional persistence and change, and complementing them with a focus on understanding the significance of ethical and moral agency as discussed in recent studies in anthropology of Islam, and taking cues from the growing interest in the role of neighbourhoods in religious socialisation, this project develops a conceptually and methodologically unique approach to understand the stickiness of Islamic conservatism in the West. It has a three-fold focus: (1) studying the survival strategies of the institutional elites, as well as any attempts at internal reform; (2) expanding the existing focus on push factors (childhood socialisation and reactionary religiosity) to also study the pull factors (such as the possible appeal of the ethical and moral agency that these movements are able to inculcate); and (3) testing the hypothesis that ‘mosque-dense Muslim-majority neighbourhoods’ are central to engraining a conservative social Islamic imaginary in each subsequent generation, which through a dense network of bridging ties is spread to Muslim youth across the country.

Mots-clés : conservative islamic movements,muslim communities in europe,social cohesion,muslim youth,institutional persistence and change
Projet ERC : LENSNOVA (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Universe sciences
Entité participante : Max Planck Society — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : MPG
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1992500.0 €

The LENSNOVA project proposes a breakthrough both in cosmology and stellar physics, capitalising on 10 years of experience in the field of strong lensing time delays. Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) can now be watched on prime seats through strong lensing, where multiple images of the same SN appear at different times/locations around a foreground lens galaxy. After the first SN appears, the next SN occurrence (of the same SN event) can be predicted and observed in its entirety for the first time in history and with unprecedented temporal sampling. Observations of the beginning of SN explosions are key to revealing SN progenitors, that have been under debate for decades. Strongly lensed SNe Ia also allow an independent measurement of the Hubble constant (H0) that sets the cosmic expansion rate. The independent measurement is important to ascertain the possible need of new physics beyond the standard cosmological model, given the tensions in current H0 measurements. Capitalising on the PI’s expertise in strong lensing and success in predicting the reappearance of the first strongly lensed core-collapse SN, the objectives of LENSNOVA are to (1) place the best constraints on SNe Ia progenitors, and (2) pioneer the use of strongly lensed SNe Ia as a new cosmological probe. This will shed light on the natures of SNe Ia progenitors and dark energy, two of the greatest puzzles in the present era. The advent of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope and the Euclid mission makes LENSNOVA particularly timely for building the first sample of ~5 strongly lensed SNe Ia. Accurate predictions of the time delays in lensed SNe Ia will allow multiwavelength observations of the reappearances of SNe, especially in the earliest days of explosion for the first time, to place the best constraints on SN progenitors. These lensed SNe Ia will also potentially yield an H0 measurement with 2% uncertainty. LENSNOVA has thus the potential to revolutionise both fields of stellar physics and cosmology.
Projet ERC : ECCLES (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth system science
Entité participante : University of Exeter — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2249834.0 €

The Land Biosphere is a critical component of the Earth System, linking to climate through multiple feedback processes. Understanding these feedback processes is a huge intellectual challenge. In part because of the pioneering work of the PI (Cox et al., 2000), many of the climate projections reported in the IPCC 5th Assessment Report (AR5) now include climate-carbon cycle feedbacks. However the latest Earth System Models (ESMs) continue to show a huge range in the projected responses of the land carbon cycle over the 21st century. This uncertainty threatens to undermine the value of these projections to inform climate policy. This project (ECCLES) is designed to produce significant reductions in the uncertainties associated with land-climate interactions, using the novel concept of Emergent Constraints - relationships between future projections and observable variations in the current Earth System that are common across the ensemble of ESMs. Emergent Constraints have many attractive features but chief amongst these is that they can make ensembles of ESMs more than the sum of the parts - allowing the full range of ESM projections to be used collectively, alongside key observations, to reduce uncertainties in the future climate. The project will deliver: (i) a theoretical foundation for Emergent Constraints; (ii) new datasets on the changing function of the land biosphere; (iii) Emergent Constraints on land-climate interactions based on observed temporal and spatial variations; (iv) a new generation of scientists expert in land-climate interactions and Emergent Constraints. ECCLES will benefit from the expertise and experience of the PI, which includes training as a theoretical physicist, an early career developing models of the land biosphere for ESMs, and a current career in a department of mathematics where he is at the forefront of efforts to develop and apply the concept of Emergent Constraints (Cox et al., 2013, Wenzel et al., 2016).

Mots-clés : land climate interactions and feedbacks,earth system models,emergent constraints
Projet ERC : GMLP (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : University of Cambridge — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : U. Cambridge
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1094610.0 €

The Langlands program is a conjectural framework for understanding the deep relations between automorphic forms and arithmetic. It implies a parameterization of representations of Galois groups of (local or global) fields in terms of representations of (p-adic or adelic) reductive groups. While making progress in the Langlands program often means overcoming significant technical obstacles, new results can have concrete applications to number theory, the proof of Fermat's Last Theorem by Wiles being a key example. Recently, V. Lafforgue has made a striking breakthrough in the Langlands program over function fields, by constructing an `automorphic-to-Galois' Langlands correspondence. As a consequence, this should imply the existence of a local Langlands correspondence over equicharacteristic non-archimedean local fields. The goal of this proposal is to show the surjectivity of this local Langlands correspondence. My strategy will be global, and will involve solving global problems of strong independent interest. I intend to establish a research group to carry out the following objectives, in the setting of global function fields: I. Establish automorphy lifting theorems for Galois representations valued in the (Langlands) dual group of an arbitrary split reductive group. II. Establish cases of automorphic induction for arbitrary reductive groups. III. Prove potential automorphy theorems for Galois representations valued in the dual group of an arbitrary reductive group. IV. Establish cases of soluble base change and descent for automorphic representations of arbitrary reductive groups. I will then combine these results to obtain the desired surjectivity. This will be a milestone in our understanding of the Langlands correspondence for function fields.
Projet ERC : NewtonStrat (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : University of Münster — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : WWU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 530780.59 €

The Langlands programme is a far-reaching web of conjectural or proven correspondences joining the fields of representation theory and of number theory. It is one of the centerpieces of arithmetic geometry, and has in the past decades produced many spectacular breakthroughs, for example the proof of Fermat’s Last Theorem by Taylor and Wiles. The most successful approach to prove instances of Langlands’ conjectures is via algebraic geometry, by studying suitable moduli spaces such as Shimura varieties. Their cohomology carries actions both of a linear algebraic group (such as GLn) and a Galois group associated with the number field one is studying. A central tool in the study of the arithmetic properties of these moduli spaces is the Newton stratification, a natural decomposition based on the moduli description of the space. Recently the theory of Newton strata has seen two major new developments: Representation-theoretic methods and results have been successfully established to describe their geometry and cohomology. Furthermore, an adic version of the Newton stratification has been defined and is already of prime importance in new approaches within the Langlands programme. This project aims at uniting these two novel developments to obtain new results in both contexts with direct applications to the Langlands programme, as well as a close relationship and dictionary between the classical and the adic stratifications. It is subdivided into three parts which mutually benefit from each other: Firstly we investigate the geometry of Newton strata in loop groups and Shimura varieties, and representations in their cohomology. Secondly, we study corresponding geometric and cohomological properties of adic Newton strata. Finally, we establish closer ties between the two contexts. Here we want to obtain analogues to results on one side for the other, but more importantly aim at a direct comparison that explains the similar behaviour directly.

Mots-clés : 14g35 modular and shimura varieties,20g25 linear algebraic groups over local fields and their integers,11g18 arithmetic aspects of modular and shimura varieties
Projet ERC : MAGnUM (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : École nationale des travaux publics de l'État — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : ENTPE
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 142600.0 €

The MAGnUM project aims to (i) create a consistent set of interrelated dynamic and multimodal traffic models able to capture driver behaviours at the different urban scales and (ii) apply this variety of models to design efficient and green traffic management strategies. Traffic flow dynamics is well reproduced at a local urban scale by the kinematic wave model and its numerous extensions. Even if this model is parsimonious compared to other modelling approaches, it can hardly be applied at larger urban scales for traffic control applications. Very recently, a new modelling approach has been proposed to represent congestion dynamics at large scales. It relates the total travel production to the vehicle accumulation in a traffic network with for now a restrictive condition about network homogeneity. This approach is very promising for designing new traffic management systems but heterogeneous situations should be handled by properly connecting with the local scale to account for the effects of the local distributions and variations of the driver behaviour (demand) and the network structure (supply). Investigating these relationships and proposing a full set of consistent models representing traffic dynamics at several relevant scales (successive spatial and temporal integration) is very challenging with high potential gains for traffic control applications. This is the primary goal of MAGnUM and will be achieved by mixing analytical investigations on idealized but insightful test cases with explanatory approaches based on data gained from dynamic simulations or serious game sessions on more realistic and complex cases. The second goal of the project concerns the design of innovative traffic management strategies at multiple urban scales. Breakthroughs will be achieved by considering multiple and competitive objectives when optimizing with a tight focus on environment issues and multi-modality.

Mots-clés : aggregated traffic modelling,drivers behaviour,traffic flow theory,multimodal,multiscale,urban road networks,sustainable traffic management,congestion,behavioural studies
Projet ERC : Asterochronometry (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Universe sciences
Entité participante : University of Birmingham — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 893077.41 €

The Milky Way is a complex system, with dynamical and chemical substructures, where several competing processes such as mergers, internal secular evolution, gas accretion and gas flows take place. To study in detail how such a giant spiral galaxy was formed and evolved, we need to reconstruct the sequence of its main formation events with high (~10%) temporal resolution. Asterochronometry will determine accurate, precise ages for tens of thousands of stars in the Galaxy. We will take an approach distinguished by a number of key aspects including, developing novel star-dating methods that fully utilise the potential of individual pulsation modes, coupled with a careful appraisal of systematic uncertainties on age deriving from our limited understanding of stellar physics. We will then capitalise on opportunities provided by the timely availability of astrometric, spectroscopic, and asteroseismic data to build and data-mine chrono-chemo-dynamical maps of regions of the Milky Way probed by the space missions CoRoT, Kepler, K2, and TESS. We will quantify, by comparison with predictions of chemodynamical models, the relative importance of various processes which play a role in shaping the Galaxy, for example mergers and dynamical processes. We will use chrono-chemical tagging to look for evidence of aggregates, and precise and accurate ages to reconstruct the early star formation history of the Milky Way’s main constituents. The Asterochronometry project will also provide stringent observational tests of stellar structure and answer some of the long-standing open questions in stellar modelling (e.g. efficiency of transport processes, mass loss on the giant branch, the occurrence of products of coalescence / mass exchange). These tests will improve our ability to determine stellar ages and chemical yields, with wide impact e.g. on the characterisation and ensemble studies of exoplanets, on evolutionary population synthesis, integrated colours and thus ages of galaxies.

Mots-clés : asteroseismology,galactic archeology,stellar structure and evolution
Projet ERC : Milli-Tech (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Systems and communication engineering
Entité participante : Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology — Pays : Suisse — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ETH Zurich
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2929875.0 €

The Milli-Tech proposal aims at a novel technology platform serving both computation and sensing: electronic switch architectures, called steep slope switches, exploiting new device physics and concepts in emerging 2D materials to achieve operation at voltages below 100 millivolts. Such switches will have a subthreshold slope below 10mV/decade, significantly more abrupt than MOSFET thermal limit of 60mV/decade at room temperature and in great advance to any beyond CMOS switches. Such characteristics will dramatically improve both the energy efficiency of logic circuits and the transduction sensitivity for many classes of sensors. The project will develop a technological platform called ‘millivolt technology’ focusing on low power digital and sensing/analog electronic functions exploiting steep slopes, with the goal of lowering the energy per useful function (computed and sensed bit of information) by a factor of 100x. Such ultra-low operation voltage will contribute to solving major challenges of nanoelectronics such as power issues and it will enable energy efficient super-sensitive sensors for Internet-of-Everything (IoE). Milli-Tech includes fundamental research on new solid-state steep slope device concepts: heterostructure tunnel FETs in 2D Transition-Metal-Dichalcogenides (TMD), 2D Van der Waals super-lattice energy filter switch and hybrid architectures combining two switching principles: band-to-band-tunneling and metal-insulator-transition or negative capacitance in VO2, used as additive technology boosters. Milli-Tech plans breakthroughs by precise demonstrators: (i) energy efficient computation blocks for Von-Neumann ICs at sub-100mV, (ii) Active Pixel Sensors based on 2D TMD/GeSn tunnel FETs for IR imagers, (iii) Terahertz detectors based on hybrid 2D VO2/TMD switches (iii) ultra-sensitive 2D steep slope charge detectors for biosensing. The high-risk ‘millivolt technology’ will be highly rewarding by enabling the energy efficient revolution for IoE.
Projet ERC : EVERYDAYISLAM (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : University of London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : U. London
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1498688.0 €

The Muslim conquests of North Africa in the 7th century transformed the everyday lives of communities– between 800-1000, the region experienced an economic ‘Golden Age’, visible in the growth of urban populations, intensified exchange across a vast trading system and the introduction of new agricultural practices and technologies. New social-religious norms underpinned the development of a distinctly ‘Islamic cultural package’ marked by the spread of new aesthetics, public and private architecture and Muslim dietary practices. Despite significant recent advances, much of our knowledge continues to reflect the experience of rulers and elites, rather than the bulk of the population. Our understanding of the timing and process of these innovations is hampered by a reliance on later literary sources, monumental architecture and the high arts, the absence of high-resolution archaeological data and an incomplete understanding of what these changes meant for the people living on the ground. Through new excavations and scientific analysis using state-of the-art methods, legacy datasets and written sources, this project will explore the underlying reasons for the spread of Islamic way of life in North Africa between ca. 600-1000 CE. In so doing, this project aims to make a paradigmatic shift in scholarly understanding of the impact of Muslim rule by focusing on local populations, their houses and their everyday practices. It will take a comparative approach and study long-term changes in housing, agriculture, diet and technology in three key regions: 1) the central Medjerda valley in Tunisia, the famed granary of Roman and Islamic Africa; 2) the fertile Sebou Basin in Morocco, at the centre of the Idrisid state; 3) the Saharan oasis belt of the Wadi Draa in Morocco, on the margins of settled life. The ambitious objective is to rewrite the history of Muslim rule and the Islamisation of daily life from the perspective of the communities living through this pivotal period.

Mots-clés : muslim rule,islamic world,north africa,islamic archaeology,daily life
Projet ERC : OPEN3GEN (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental constituents of matter
Entité participante : University of Edinburgh — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1747286.0 €

The OPEN3GEN project will access an entirely new phase space to discover long-lived particles at the Large Hadron Collider. Current data-recording algorithms (“triggers”) do not record directly this type of event at the LHC. My team and I will maximise the experimental sensitivity by developing trigger strategies and reconstruction methods to yield the first datasets that will be sensitive to long-lived particles decaying to third generation particles. This will result, for the first time, in limits on, or observations of, long-lived particles in new lifetime regimes and signatures. In the case of a discovery, a program is proposed to measure the underlying dynamics of the New Physics by accessing information on the mass scale, lifetimes and spin information of the new particles. This proposal evidences my qualities as a creative PI applying specialised abilities to seek out orthogonal, novel activities to push back the boundaries of science.