Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : CoupledIceClim (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth system science
Entité participante : Delft University of Technology — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TU Delft
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1677282.0 €

The Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) is losing mass at an increasing pace, in response to atmospheric and ocean forcing. The mechanisms leading to the observed mass loss are poorly understood. It is not clear whether the current trends will be sustained into the future, and how they are affected by regional and global climate variability. In addition, the impacts of Greenland deglaciation on the local and global climate are not well known. This project aims to explain the relationship between GrIS surface melt trends and climate variability, to determine the timing and impacts of multi-century deglaciation of Greenland, and to explain the relationship between ongoing and previous deglaciations during the last interglacial and the Holocene. For this purpose, we will use the Community Earth System Model (CESM), the first full-complexity global climate model to include interactive ice sheet flow and a realistic and physical-based simulation of surface mass balance (the difference between surface accumulation and losses from runoff and sublimation). This tool will include for the first time a large range of temporal and spatial scales of ice sheet-climate interaction in the same model. Previous work has been done with oversimplified and/or uncoupled representations of ice sheet and climate processes, for instance with simplified ocean and/or atmospheric dynamics in Earth System Models of Intermediate Complexity, with fixed topography and prescribed ocean components in Regional Climate Models, or with highly parameterized snow albedo and/or melt schemes in General Circulation Models. This project will provide new insights into the coupling between the GrIS and climate change, will lead widespread integration of ice sheets as a new and indispensable component of complex Earth System Models, and will advance our understanding of present and past climate dynamics.

Mots-clés : earth system modelling,climate change,ice sheets,surface mass balance,climate dynamics,paleoclimate,ice climate feedbacks
Projet ERC : GROUPVIOLENCE (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : University of Amsterdam — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UvA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1918306.0 €

The Group Violence research programme aims to understand how group behaviour affects the likelihood and severity of violence in public space. While the prevailing social scientific focus remains on individual perpetrators and background factors, the empirical reality of public violence is one of multiple attackers, multiple victims and multiple bystanders. The research proposed here furthers the study of violence with a novel theory that identifies how group behaviour affects the outcome of antagonistic situations – and with comparative empirical studies to test the theory. The central question is how and to what extent 1) mutual alignment of attention and action, and 2) a sense of moral community enable group members to commit violence. Project 1 (PI and post-doc) considers mutual alignment down to the minutest detail, based on close-up qualitative and quantitative video analyses of sequences of bodily cues. Based on judicial case files, project 2 (PI and assistants) will quantitatively analyse mutual alignment in an extensive range of violent interactions. Four PhD projects compare the role of mutual alignment and moral community in antagonistic situations in groups that differ from each other in these respects: police teams (project 3), street youth (4), football hooligans (5), and bouncers (6). Relying on an innovative method to reconstruct antagonistic situations by repeated and comparative qualitative interviewing, projects 3-6 will also relate the meanings of violence and masculine identity to the moral community of the group. Project 7 (PI and post-doc) uses qualitative and statistical analyses of the interview data generated in projects 3-6 for an extensive comparison of group behaviour in antagonistic situations. The ambition is to produce exemplary understanding of the crucial role that groups play in violence. This proposal shows how: through detailed and extensive comparative empirical testing that will further develop the new theory.

Mots-clés : violence in public space,street violence,micro sociology,sociology of emotions
Projet ERC : HiPeR-F (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Physical and analytical chemical sciences
Entité participante : Jožef Stefan Institute — Pays : Slovénie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : IJS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2368135.0 €

The HiPeR-F project aims to establish a new frontier research direction – high-pressure fluorine chemistry, by method development and a merger of two highly specialised and experimentally demanding fields, namely high-pressure experiments in diamond anvil cell and inorganic fluorine chemistry. Fluorine under high pressure represents a breakthrough testing environment for challenging the oxidation-state limitations of the elements in the periodic table. Tantalizing theoretical indications have been provided recently for the existence of compounds with elements displaying unusual and exotic formal oxidation states, and even the possibility of the inner electronic shell involvement in chemical bonding. However, extreme conditions of very high pressure (in GPa range) and extreme chemical reactivity (fluorine) are required and this is currently limited to in silico investigations. Experiment lags substantially behind the theory. The experimental verification of exciting computational predictions is of paramount importance and will be pursued in HiPeR-F. Targeted compounds with elements in exotic oxidation states are at the edge of existence and are eminently difficult to synthesise, but are also of significant interest to the scientific community at large. Novel compounds obtained in high-pressure experiments could exhibit unusual electronic structures and thus exotic physical properties. High-pressure fluorochemistry thus represents a genuine new direction in modern chemistry with exciting possibilities and would enable a frontier research that would significantly advance our understanding of many facets of chemistry.

Mots-clés : oxidation state,high pressure,fluorine,diamond anvil cell,fluorides,x ray crystallography
Projet ERC : Hyksos Enigma (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : Bournemouth University — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : BU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 489312.5 €

The Hyksos (Greek rendering of the Egyptian title “rulers of the foreign countries”) were a dynasty of foreign rulers of Egypt between c.1640 and 1530 BC. Some modern researchers, following the ancient historian Flavius Josephus (1st cent. AD) thought they were ancestors of the early Israelites, others suggested that their appearance should be tied to the Hurrian expansion to the Levant. Most scholars today think, according to the onomastic data, that they were western Semites. Their geographical origin in the Levant, their seizure of power and their role in history, remains, however, an enigma, as the period is poorly represented in texts. Nevertheless the Hyksos phenomenon has thus far mainly been studied by text-based Egyptology. In the last decades, however, excavations at T. el-Dab‘a, T. el-Rotaba, T. el Maskhuta and other places in the eastern Delta have produced an enormous wealth of new data such as urban settlements, palaces, tombs, temples, offering remains, besides enormous quantities of material culture and physical remains which can be attributed to the carriers of the Hyksos rule and their predecessors. These materials, left thus far largely aside in the historical discussion, can be utilised as first class historical sources. The envisaged investigations will be conducted in 8 interrelated research tracks, incorporating an array of archaeological, historical, theoretical and analytical sciences. The aim is to reveal in a holistic approach the origin, the dialogue with and the impact of western Asiatic people on culture of the host country and finally their heritage. They played a much greater role in the history of the Old World than envisaged and pushed Egypt into the focus of what happened in the Near East in the 2nd millennium BC. This innovative exploration of the Hyksos phenomenon has the potential to write a new chapter in the history of this salient region and offer a model.

Mots-clés : egyptology,hyksos,migration,acculturation,crisis,diachronic studies,cultural interference studies
Projet ERC : INSOLENSYS (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Proof of concept grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : Day one societa a responsabilita limitata — Pays : Italie — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : Day one
Type d'entité : Organismes privés (hors enseignement)
Financement ERC de l'entité : 30000.0 €

The INSOLENSYS technology is proposing a game-changing concept for solar energy management. It introduces, for the first time ever, an integrated approach to the generation and storage within PV cells which compensates the main drawback of current approaches, i.e. the need to manage the intermittency of solar energy through costly and polluting external storage systems. INSOLENSYS will deliver a flexible solution that can be adapted to all the types of solar cells, be it home system or large-scale industrial installations for the around-the-clock generation of stable energy, fully eliminating the need on external storage. The here proposed technology is poised to significantly contribute to the goals of the EU in terms of the Green Deal policy not only because it facilitates the widest wide-spread of the renewable energy, but also because it is based on eco-friendly and available raw materials. The scopes of the present PoC is to: prove the viability of the INSOLENSYS approach on a pre-industrial scale through extensive testing and validation; and explore the commercial potential of the technology while increasing its Technology and Investment Readiness Levels. The work will be performed by the PI’s team in partnership with the Venture Building company D1 which will take care of the business development and marketing strategy development, including the introduction to VC and CVC companies.

Mots-clés : capacitor,thermoeletric  solar cells,integration,self charge device
Projet ERC : iCrime (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : University of Cambridge — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : U. Cambridge
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499966.0 €

The Interdisciplinary Cybercrime Project (iCrime) is an innovative research program incorporating expertise from criminology and computer science to develop and evaluate cybercrime responses. iCrime consists of four major interconnected components to research cybercrime using the offender, the crime type, the place (such as online black markets), and the response as discrete units of analysis. The pathways of cybercrime offenders will be explored, such as how they begin offending, and why they stop, including similarities and differences across populations. The steps and skills required to successfully undertake complex forms of cybercrime will be mapped out. We will also analyse the social dynamics and economies surrounding cybercrime markets and forums, and how these evolve. We will use the findings from the first three components to inform situational and social crime prevention initiatives. In the fourth component, we will use robust experimental designs to evaluate the effects of these interventions, measuring their impact on crime reduction, as well as how offenders and their methods adapt and displace as a result. We will work with law enforcement and industry to build evaluation into their implementation strategy. We will also use natural experiments to measure the effects of interventions ‘in the wild’. The project is flexible in nature, enabling us to respond to new cybercrime issues as they emerge. Cybercrime offenders are innovative and change monetising techniques rapidly. This approach will be valuable for quickly understanding cybercrime techniques. Within iCrime, we will develop tools to identify and measure criminal infrastructure at scale. Difficult challenges will be tackled by using and developing unique datasets, and designing novel methodologies. This is particularly important as cybercrime changes dynamically. We will be at the forefront of new developments as they arise. Overall, our approach will be evaluative, critical, and data driven.

Mots-clés : cybercrime,criminology
Projet ERC : ResolutioNet (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Systems and communication engineering
Entité participante : Technische Universität Berlin — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : TUB
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1123125.0 €

The Internet has revolutionalized the way people and corporations communicate, publish, access, and search for information. As our globally-connected digital civilization increasingly relies on its smooth operation any disruption has a direct negative impact on both the economy and society. However, the Internet was not designed to serve its current role nor was foreseen to be a public good. On the contrary, it was designed to be fully decentralized and thus administrated by the owners of independent networks. Today, the various Internet players have diverse and often conflicting objectives. Indeed, the tussle between Internet players or between them and governments hit the news and the negative externalities affect the life of potentially billions of Internet users worldwide and harm innovation in the Internet. We propose a research agenda to resolve the tussle in the Internet. First, we propose the use of sophisticated techniques to collect and analyze massive network data to unveil the complex interactions among the various Internet players that lead to disputes and to identify the conditions under which conditions a resolution is possible. Second, we utilize additional degrees of freedom to resolve the tussle in the Internet by enabling coordination of the various Internet players. To this end, we introduce expressiveness of all the involved parties in existing and emerging protocols and enable agile deployment of third-party services and applications inside operational networks. Third, we contribute to the Internet policy making debate by providing an unbiased view of the state and health of the Internet as well as providing recommendations on how to resolve the Internet tussle. This is an interdisciplinary effort to foster a dialogue for Internet's future and sustainability in light of its ever-increasing growth and competitiveness.

Mots-clés : internet,computer networks,internet measurement,internet protocols,internet architecture,internet policy
Projet ERC : COLORFREE (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental constituents of matter
Entité participante : Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2000000.0 €

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN collides protons at the highest energies. With the large datasets from Run 2 and the further increase expected from Run 3, the precision of LHC measurements will significantly improve over the next years. Color-free processes (for which the final state of the hard interaction is color neutral) are of central importance to several high-priority areas of the LHC precision physics program. Prominent examples are measurements of the W-boson mass, of the couplings of the Higgs boson, and searches for the elusive dark matter particles. The key innovation of COLORFREE will be to combine many different color-free processes in a new type of global analysis in which the dominant theory uncertainties are either eliminated or constrained by the data itself, thereby improving the theoretical precision up to an order of magnitude to the 1-2% level. In doing so, COLORFREE will unlock the full potential of existing and future precision measurements of color-free processes. This will be achieved 1) by exploiting and further developing a groundbreaking new method to reliably quantify perturbative theory uncertainties and their correlations, which was recently developed by the PI, and 2) by developing innovative new effective-field theory methods to account for all effects that are relevant at this precision but have been neglected so far. Important outcomes of COLORFREE will be: 1) Determinations of fundamental parameters at the highest possible precision, and stringent tests for possible effects beyond the Standard Model. 2) A new type of precision theory predictions with built-in uncertainties and correlations, which will solve a long-standing problem at the interface of theory and experiment. In particular, precision measurements often avoid theory limitations by relying on theory uncertainties to cancel between different control and signal regions, but until now have had no means to reliably quantify the remaining theory uncertainties.

Mots-clés : lhc precision physics,scet,effective field theories,resummation,theory uncertainties and correlations,w mass,higgs couplings,dark matter
Projet ERC : PBSP (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental constituents of matter
Entité participante : University of Cambridge — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : U. Cambridge
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1473463.0 €

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN is leading the exploration of the high-energy frontier. Its high-luminosity phase is just around the corner and the validity of our current theory of elementary particles, the Standard Model (SM), will be probed to an unprecedented level. The hunt for physics beyond the SM will be pursued via direct searches of new particles that are light enough to be produced at the LHC. At the same time new physics could manifest itself indirectly through deviations from SM theoretical predictions, induced by new particles whose masses are well above the scale probed by the LHC. The success of indirect searches requires the highest possible level of precision in three complementary components: experimental data, theoretical predictions and - crucially - a robust framework to globally interpret all subtle deviations from the SM predictions that might arise. PBSP will provide such a framework by: 1. quantitatively establishing whether high-scale new physics effects can be mimicked by low-scale non-perturbative physics, and therefore inadvertently absorbed into the parametrisation of the proton structure 2. devising a new framework to deliver a global fit of a model-independent parametrisation of high-scale new physics, including several datasets that provide complementary experimental information 3. expanding such a framework to exploit the precise LHC measurements to constrain simultaneously the structure of the proton and new physics degrees of freedom PBSP involves several areas of particle physics, ranging from fits to the proton’s structure to effective quantum field theories and a comprehensive study of beyond the SM phenomenology. My ERC-funded project will demonstrate that the interplay between indirect new physics searches and the knowledge of the non-perturbative structure of colliding protons is essential to fully exploit the LHC physics potential.

Mots-clés : quantum chromodynamics,bsm physics,parton distribution functions,sm effective field theory
Projet ERC : LORAX (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Norwegian Institute of International Affairs — Pays : Norvège — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : NUPI
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1496848.0 €

The Lorax project is a comparative effort to expand our understanding of global political architecture through the consideration of a potential set of ‘missing cases’, namely supranational policy fields organized around regional ecosystems. The project explores this question: Do regional politics around national border-crossing ecosystems share important resemblances and differ in significant ways from global politics? To address this question, the Lorax project analyzes the networks of actors, hierarchies between actors and diplomatic norms of the governance fields that have grown up around efforts to ‘speak for’ border-crossing ecosystems in three locations – the Arctic Ocean, the Amazon Basin, and the Caspian Sea. ‘Ecosystemic politics’ is meant to indicate regional-level political efforts justified by the shared management or discussion of collectively acknowledged ‘border-crossing’ ecosystems. Frequently, the political cooperation may be on issues that would be seen as environmental or regulatory politics relating to the ecosystem itself, but ecosystemic politics is not, by definition, limited to such questions of environmental politics. Rather, the word ‘ecosystemic’ gives the Lorax team a sense of where to look without presupposing the interests and issues that engaged actors may bring to those regional interactions. The project aims to generate new insights about the architecture and dynamics of global governance by rigorously researching and then comparing three cases of policy fields around national border-crossing ecosystems. The team will consist of the PI, a postdoc, a PhD and additional senior researcher capacity as needed. An ambitious, but achievable, publication plan (9 articles, 1 book) is mapped out to ensure rigorous finalization of results and dissemination to social science fields engaged with supranational governance questions.

Mots-clés : political geography,diplomacy,hierarchy,policy fields,global governance,environmental politics,critical geopolitics