Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : TNT-TUMORS (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing
Entité participante : Medical University of Vienna — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2499646.0 €

Recent advances using immune checkpoint inhibitors demonstrate the great potential of immunemodulation in cancer and metastasis treatment. However, the effective treatment of only a subset of patients shows that this is only the start to utilize the power of the immune system to fight cancer. An interesting approach is to harness innate immune cells, such as plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) to attack tumors and to enhance the effect of standard anti-cancer therapies. Recently, using mouse models we identified two independent mechanisms by which modulation of these two cell types restrained tumor growth. First, the direct killing of tumor cells by pDCs that occurs independent of the adaptive immune system. Second, we identified a tumor-promoting role of EGFR-expressing (EGFR+) TAMs during tumorigenesis. This enables us to look at the role of EGFR in tumorigenesis in a completely new way and we plan to exploit this novel finding to reevaluate the mechanism by which anti-EGFR drugs are effective in tumors. The mechanisms endowing pDCs with tumor-killing capacities and determining the specificity of tumor cell recognition by activated pDCs are poorly understood. Furthermore, the interaction of pDCs with macrophages has never been investigated in tumors. Here I propose to define the molecular mechanisms by which pDCs and TAMs can be instructed to adopt an anti-tumorigenic phenotype. Inducible and cell-specific genetic mouse models mimicking human cancers will allow to molecularly dissect the immunemodulatory capacity of pDCs and TAMs. State-of-the-art large scale in vitro and in vivo RNAi screens will provide a platform to identify novel molecular pathways and open the possibility for testing new strategies in cancer immunetherapy. The clinical significance of our findings will be validated in human cancer samples in close cooperation with clinicians, which ensures a fast predictive and therapeutic translation of our results.
Projet ERC : COMMIOS (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : UK Research and Innovation — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UKRI
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 220929.0 €

Recent breakthroughs in ancient DNA and isotope analysis are transforming our understanding of diversity, mobility and social dynamics in the human past. COMMIOS integrates these cutting-edge methods on a scale not previously attempted, within a ground-breaking interdisciplinary framework, to provide a radically new vision of Iron Age communities in Britain (800 BC – AD 100) within their wider European context. At the broad scale, we will conduct the first concerted programme of genome-wide ancient DNA analysis on Iron Age populations anywhere in the world (c. 1000 individuals in the UK, 250 in Europe), mapping genetic clusters to shed light on ancient populations themselves and on their relationships to modern genetic patterning. Together with isotope analysis, and underpinned by both osteoarchaeological and cultural archaeological approaches, this will also enable us to directly address critical issues of population movement and inter-regional connectivity in Iron Age Europe. We will utilise the power of these new scientific methods to examine the structure and social dynamics of Iron Age societies in Britain, including household and kin-group composition, the identification of familial relationships, gender-specific mobility, and the development of social inequalities. Previously the preserve of cultural anthropologists studying recent societies, we will draw these questions into the archaeological domain, opening up new areas of enquiry for prehistoric societies. The scope and scale of the project represents a new departure for European archaeology, made possible by the coming-of-age of new analytical methods. Many of these have been pioneered by the project team, which comprises world-leaders in the fields of ancient DNA, isotope analysis, osteoarchaeology, chronological modelling and cultural archaeology. Although focussed on Iron Age Britain, the project will establish a new benchmark for future analyses of other regions and periods in Europe and beyond.

Mots-clés : iron age britain,iron age europe,ancient dna,isotope analysis,osteoarchaeology,social dynamics,funerary archaeology
Projet ERC : MatCo (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Complexity
Entité participante : Freie Universität Berlin — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : FU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2499580.0 €

Recent breakthroughs in comparative neurobiological research highlight specific features of the connectivity structure of the human brain, which open new perspectives on understanding the neural mechanisms of human-specific higher cognition and language. In delineating the material basis of human cognition and language, neurobiologically founded modelling appears as the method of choice, as it allows not only for ‘external fitting’ of models to key experimental data, but, in addition, for ‘internal’ or ‘material fitting’ of the model components to the structure of brains, cortical areas and neuronal circuits. This novel research pathway offers biologically well-founded and computationally precise perspectives on addressing exciting hitherto unanswered fundamental questions: How can humans build vocabularies of tens and hundreds of thousands of words, whereas our closest evolutionary relatives typically use below 100? How is semantic meaning implemented for gestures and words, and, more specifically, for referential and categorical terms? How can grounding and interpretability of abstract symbols be anchored biologically? Which features of connectivity between nerve cells are crucial for the formation of discrete representations and categorical combination? Would modelling of cognitive functions using brain-constrained networks allow for better predictions on brain activity indexing the processing of signs and their meaning? This project will use novel insights from human neurobiology translated into mathematically exact computational models to find new answers to long-standing questions in cognitive science, linguistics and philosophy. Models replicating structural differences between human and non-human primate brains will help delineate mechanisms underlying specifically human cognitive capacities. Key experiments will validate critical model predictions and new neurophysiological data will be applied to further improve the biologically-constrained networks.

Mots-clés : brain constrained neural modelling,neurocomputation,neuroscience of language,neurophysiology
Projet ERC : GENSURGE (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems
Entité participante : TU Dresden — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TUD
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2380425.0 €

Recent breakthroughs in the field of genome editing provide a genuine opportunity to establish innovative approaches to repair DNA mutations to replace, engineer or regenerate malfunctioning cells in vitro or in vivo. However, most of the recently developed technologies introduce double-strand DNA breaks at a target locus as the first step to gene correction. These breaks are subsequently repaired by one of the cell intrinsic DNA repair pathways, typically inducing an abundance of insertions and deletions (indels). Ideally, for many applications genome editing should, however, be efficient and specific, without the introduction of indels. Site-specific recombinases (SSRs) allow precise genome editing without triggering endogenous DNA repair pathways and possess the unique ability to fulfill both cleavage and immediate resealing of the processed DNA in vivo. However, customizing the DNA binding specificity of SSRs is not straightforward. With this project, we propose to solve this shortcoming. We have already demonstrated that by applying substrate-linked directed evolution, SSRs can be generated that specifically recognize therapeutic targets. The objective of this project is the development of a universal genome editing platform that allows flexible, efficient and safe gene corrections in cells of any origin without triggering cell intrinsic DNA repair. GenSurge aims to: i) sequence an unprecedented, comprehensive compendium of evolved SSRs to understand the directed molecular evolution process at nucleotide resolution; ii) integrate the knowledge obtained in i) to develop a unique SSR-based approach to correct genomic inversions; iii) develop a universal SSR-based strategy that allows flawless, precise and safe genome editing to correct any gene defect in human, animal or plant cells. The successful implementation of this project will deliver a comprehensive, safe and efficient platform from which genome surgery-based cure strategies can be initiated.

Mots-clés : genetic engineering,genome editing,side specific recombination
Projet ERC : TRASC (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : Université Libre de Bruxelles — Pays : Belgique — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : ULB
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1193153.84 €

Recent decades have witnessed two major trends in international trade. The first is the increasing fragmentation of production processes across countries: advances in information and communication technology and falling trade barriers have allowed firms to retain in their domestic economies only a subset of production stages, leading to a surge of trade in intermediate goods. The second trend is the proliferation of regional trade agreements (RTAs), which have risen in number and have become “deeper”, encompassing many provisions that go beyond traditional trade policy. RTAs have contributed to the creation of regional supply chains (e.g. “Factory Europe”, “Factory North America”), shaping firms’ sourcing decisions through preferential tariffs and rules of origin. The recent backlash against RTAs, exemplified by Brexit and President Trump’s decision to renegotiate the North American Free Trade Agreement, could have dramatic consequences for supply chains in Europe and North America. I propose an ambitious research agenda that will develop new theoretical models and use exceptionally rich new data for pathbreaking analysis of the RTAs-supply chains nexus. First, I will study the impact of RTAs on firms’ sourcing decisions, productivity, and welfare, breaking from the literature on global sourcing, which neglects the role of trade agreements. Second, I will examine how large corporations with international supply chains shape the content and political support for deep RTAs, breaking from a vast literature in political economy, which studies agreements covering trade provisions only and neglects the role of firms. I will address novel and timely questions about the RTAs-supply chains nexus, emphasizing the key role played by firms and the interplay between economics, law, and politics. This is an extraordinarily high-return agenda, given the importance of understanding the consequences and determinants of trade agreements for economic policy and academic research.

Mots-clés : trade agreements,supply chains,firms,sourcing,tariffs,rules of origin,lobbying,voting
Projet ERC : TRASC (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : University of Oxford — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 623942.16 €

Recent decades have witnessed two major trends in international trade. The first is the increasing fragmentation of production processes across countries: advances in information and communication technology and falling trade barriers have allowed firms to retain in their domestic economies only a subset of production stages, leading to a surge of trade in intermediate goods. The second trend is the proliferation of regional trade agreements (RTAs), which have risen in number and have become “deeper”, encompassing many provisions that go beyond traditional trade policy. RTAs have contributed to the creation of regional supply chains (e.g. “Factory Europe”, “Factory North America”), shaping firms’ sourcing decisions through preferential tariffs and rules of origin. The recent backlash against RTAs, exemplified by Brexit and President Trump’s decision to renegotiate the North American Free Trade Agreement, could have dramatic consequences for supply chains in Europe and North America. I propose an ambitious research agenda that will develop new theoretical models and use exceptionally rich new data for pathbreaking analysis of the RTAs-supply chains nexus. First, I will study the impact of RTAs on firms’ sourcing decisions, productivity, and welfare, breaking from the literature on global sourcing, which neglects the role of trade agreements. Second, I will examine how large corporations with international supply chains shape the content and political support for deep RTAs, breaking from a vast literature in political economy, which studies agreements covering trade provisions only and neglects the role of firms. I will address novel and timely questions about the RTAs-supply chains nexus, emphasizing the key role played by firms and the interplay between economics, law, and politics. This is an extraordinarily high-return agenda, given the importance of understanding the consequences and determinants of trade agreements for economic policy and academic research.

Mots-clés : trade agreements,supply chains,firms,sourcing,tariffs,rules of origin,lobbying,voting
Projet ERC : AN-ICON (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : University of Milan — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UNIMI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2328736.0 €

Recent developments in image-making techniques have resulted in a drastic blurring of the threshold between the world of the image and the real world. Immersive and interactive virtual environments have enabled the production of pictures that elicit in the perceiver a strong feeling of being incorporated in a quasi-real world. In doing so such pictures conceal their mediateness (their being based on a material support), their referentiality (their pointing to an extra-iconic dimension), and their separateness (normally assured by framing devices), paradoxically challenging their status as images, as icons: they are veritable “an-icons”. This kind of pictures undermines the mainstream paradigm of Western image theories, shared by major models such as the doctrine of mimesis, the phenomenological account of image-consciousness, the analytic theories of depiction, the semiotic and iconological methods. These approaches miss the key counter-properties regarding an-icons as "environmental" images: their immediateness, unframedness, and presentness. Subjects relating to an-icons are no longer visual observers of images; they are experiencers living in a quasi-real environment that allows multisensory affordances and embodied agencies. AN-ICON aims to develop “an-iconology” as a new methodological approach able to address this challenging iconoscape. Such an approach needs to be articulated in a transdisciplinary and transmedial way: 1) HISTORY – a media-archaeological reconstruction will provide a taxonomy of the manifold an-iconic strategies (e.g. illusionistic painting, pre-cinematic dispositifs, 3D films, video games, head mounted displays); 2) THEORY – an experiential account (drawing on phenomenology, visual culture and media studies) will identify the an-iconic key concepts; 3) PRACTICES – a socio-cultural section will explore the multifaceted impact of an-iconic images, environments and technologies on contemporary professional domains as well as on everyday life.

Mots-clés : image theory,visual culture studies,media archaeology,phenomenology,technoaesthetics,immediateness,unframedness,presentness,illusion,transparency,immersivity,interactivity,participation,embodiment,avatar,multisensoriality,hyper realism
Projet ERC : CONQUER (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Condensed matter physics
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1994183.0 €

Recent experimental developments across fields such as ultra-fast science, condensed matter and quantum optics have turned the electromagnetic radiation from traditional spectroscopic probe into a powerful tool to control and manipulate quantum materials and devices. A striking example is provided by light-induced superconductivity, observed in a number of compounds ranging from cuprates to fullerides and, more recently, organic materials, at temperatures far higher than in thermal equilibrium. In addition, when quantum fluctuations of the light field trapped into a cavity become relevant, new horizons for control of quantum matter arise and new classes of hybrid polaritonic many-body states emerge. The aim of this project is to advance our theoretical understanding of light-control of quantum matter, far away from thermal equilibrium. I will focus on pumped organic molecular solids and ultracold fermions in driven optical lattices and devise robust nonequilibrium protocols to stabilize Eta-Pairing Superconductivity, an exotic, yet so far elusive, quantum phase of matter. I will provide a theoretical framework for light-induced superconductivity in organic materials, where recent experiments call for a radicallly new explanation. Motivated by upcoming experiments on cavity-controlled quantum materials, I will investigate how to induce emergent light-matter phenomena, such as superradiance or lasing in novel polaritonic platforms built with collective excitations of correlated quantum matter. To address the challenges that come with the CoNQuER proposal I will take advantage of the broad range of theoretical methods I developed over the past years to study fermionic and bosonic nonequilibrium quantum matter, ranging from Dynamical Mean Field Theories to powerful Time-Dependent Variational Approaches and Non-Perturbative Field Theory Methods and I will develop them further to deal with classical drives and coupling to dissipative cavity photon fields.
Projet ERC : FLAY (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental constituents of matter
Entité participante : University of Zurich — Pays : Suisse — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UZH
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2318750.0 €

Recent experimental results in flavor physics exhibit deviations from the Standard Model predictions that are growing with time, both as far as statistical significance and as far as internal consistency. Understanding the origin of this phenomenon, the so-called “flavor anomalies”, is of paramount importance for a deeper understanding of fundamental interactions. As recently shown by the PI and collaborators, this phenomenon is likely to be intimately related to the long-standing “flavor problem”, or the origin of the hierarchical pattern of quark and lepton mass matrices observed in Nature. The goal of this project is to shed light on both these issues, providing a solution to old and recent puzzles in flavor physics. We propose to address these questions via an original bottom-up approach, based on Effective Field Theory methods and simplified models, combined with new top-down ideas about the ultraviolet completion of the Standard Model. On the phenomenological side, the proposed bottom-up approach will allow us to exploit with the highest accuracy all the available and expected experimental data. It will allow us to take into account both low- and high-energy observables, as well as both quark and lepton sectors. These results will constitute the basis for the theoretical investigation of a new class of Standard Model extensions not considered so far. The latter are based on new ideas, such as flavor non-universal gauge interactions, that imply a change of paradigm in theoretical high-energy physics: the origin of the flavor hierarchies plays a central role in revealing the ultraviolet completion of the Standard Model. Combining a bottom-up approach to flavor-physics data with top-down ideas on the origin of the flavor hierarchies, this project has the potential to lead to a major advancement in fundamental physics.

Mots-clés : fundamental interactions,beyond the standard model,flavour physics
Projet ERC : RRUSHES-5 (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Erasmus University Rotterdam — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : EUR
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2499062.5 €

Recent global commodity rushes have profoundly influenced societies across the globe. At least a quarter of a billion hectares of land have been affected, reshaping livelihoods and social and political relations. Contemporary commodity rushes are more complex and far-reaching than those we have seen before, requiring new thinking and practice in order to respond to such unprecedented challenges. This project aims to explore contemporary commodity rushes, centred on the reconfiguration of land use and ownership, examining the implications for five spheres of global social life. We will ask: How do contemporary global commodity rushes reshape the politics of food, climate, labour and citizenship, as well as geopolitics in different contexts? To answer this, we will look into the possible structural, institutional and political shifts caused by commodity rushes within commodity and land regimes and in the five spheres of global social life. Guided by a multi-disciplinary theoretical framework and grounded empirical work, we will engage in practical policy questions aimed at probing the potential for socially just and ecologically sustainable reforms. These reforms will be anchored in the social justice principles of redistribution, recognition and restitution of wealth and power, and the regeneration and recalibration of human–nature relations. We will study global, regional and national dynamics around commodity rushes and regimes, and the five spheres of global social life in Africa (Ethiopia), Asia (Myanmar), and Latin America (Colombia). This project will change the way we study the recent commodity and land rushes, demonstrating why and how they concern not only the 3.5 billion people who live in rural areas, but the entire world population. Conversely, it will demonstrate why it is not possible to understand what happens in the five spheres of global social life without comprehending how these, separately and together, interact with commodity and land rushes.

Mots-clés : commodity boom,land rush,food regime,citizenship,geopolitics,expulsion and migration,climate change