Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : MAGIC (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth system science
Entité participante : University of Potsdam — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UP
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 772500.0 €

Unraveling the cause for Cenozoic global climate cooling is one of the most important unresolved questions challenging the Earth and Environmental sciences community today. Increased erosion and weathering of the uplifted Tibetan Plateau and Himalayas, is advocated as the primary cause for the enigmatic pCO2 drawdown, that led to global cooling 50 to 34 Myrs ago from the warm ice-free Greenhouse world to the bi-polar Icehouse conditions still prevailing today. Asian Monsoons are genetically linked to high orography associated with the India-Asia collision starting ca. 50 Myrs ago, however, the relation between Greenhouse to Icehouse cooling and Asian Monsoons remains to be explore as they were previously thought to intensify only much later ca. 25 Myrs ago. Our recent findings of monsoonal activity in Asia since at least 45 Myrs ago raises the fascinating possibility that Asian Monsoons may have triggered global cooling from Greenhouse to Icehouse conditions. Testing this novel hypothesis and exploring its implications on feedback mechanisms between regional environments, Asian Monsoons and global climate, will constitute the stimulating objectives of MAGIC. 3 PhDs will provide end-member monsoonal archives well-dated during greenhouse to icehouse cooling from 3 key locations (NE Tibet, SE Asia and Paratethys Sea). These will be analyzed by three postdocs expert in novel proxy methods tailored for MAGIC to infer temperatures, precipitation, salinity, seasonality, paleoaltimetry, wind-patterns, paleoecology and paleogeography at infra-annual, orbital and tectonic time scales. Ultimately, these records and boundary conditions will be integrated into climate models by a dedicated postdoc to unravel the role and behavior of Asian Monsoons with respect to long-term Greenhouse to Icehouse cooling, pCO2 levels as well as global hyperthermal and cooling event such as the PETM, MECO and EOT.
Projet ERC : FEASIBLe (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth system science
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 150653.75 €

Unravelling how tectonics, climate and surface processes act and interact to shape the Earth’s surface is one of the most challenging unresolved issue in Earth Sciences. The foundations of modern quantitative geomorphology have been built within the paradigm of steady-state landscapes responding to slow changes in climatic or tectonic conditions, mainly rainfall or uplift rate. Yet, recent results demonstrate that landscapes are rhythmed by (potentially extreme) storms and earthquakes. These perturbations catalyse geomorphological processes by triggering numerous landslides and lead to a prolonged and transient evolution of the landscape that dominate records of modern erosion. The FEASIBLe project therefore calls for a complete re-assessment of the role of short-term climatic and tectonic perturbations in shaping mountain landscapes and for a paradigm shift from steady-state to constantly perturbed landscapes. My ambition is to push forward our understanding of the short- to long-term dynamics of perturbed landscapes and in turn to unlock our ability to read landscapes in terms of earthquake and storm activity. To succeed in this endeavour, the FEASIBLe project will rely on the development of a new generation of landscape evolution model and of novel approaches to intimately monitor landscape heterogeneities and evolution in Taiwan, New-Zealand and Himalayas at high-resolution. The first work packages (WP1-2) will combine field-data analysis and numerical modelling to investigate landslide triggering and the post-perturbation sediment evacuation and landscape dynamics. I will then blend these elementary processes with a statistical description of climatic and tectonic perturbations in a new generation of landscape evolution model (WP3). This new model will be then applied to diagnose the geomorphological signature of fault “seismogenic” rheology (WP4) and to explore the role of post-glacial hot-moments of landscape dynamics on Quaternary landscape evolution (WP5).

Mots-clés : geomorphology,numerical modelling,extreme events,landslides,river erosion,earthquakes,storms
Projet ERC : CAMERA (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : University of London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : U. London
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 325000.0 €

Until 20 years ago it was widely believed that asthma was an allergic/atopic disease involving atopic inflammation of the airways. Work that I and others have done has now shown that non-atopic asthma is much more important than was previously recognised. This has been confirmed by my ERC-funded AsthmaPhenotypes study, in both high-income countries (HICs) and low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs). This is important both in terms of the prevention of non-atopic asthma, and also in terms of its treatment. I therefore propose to study the Causes and MEchanisms foR non-atopic Asthma in children (CAMERA) in four different settings where I have shown that NAA is common: New Zealand (HIC, high prevalence), Brazil (LMIC, high prevalence), Ecuador (LMIC, medium prevalence), and Uganda (LMIC, low prevalence). Work-package 1 (WP1): involves a case-control study of risk factors for atopic and non-atopic asthma in these four settings, as well as similar analyses in other available and comparable data sets. Together, these studies have comparable data on asthma, atopy, and a large number of asthma risk factors, on a total of 48,000 participants. I will conduct innovative analyses exploring the different causal pathways in these different settings. Work package II: in each centre, we will then select 160 participants (40 atopic asthmatics, 40 non-atopic asthmatics, 40 atopic non-asthmatic, 40 non-atopic non-asthmatics) for further clinical investigation with regards to three mechanisms that may be particularly relevant to non-atopic asthma: capsaicin challenge, cold-air challenge, and response to interferon-gamma. The unique features of this study include: (i) the inclusion of both high and low prevalence centres from HICs and LMICs; (ii) new analyses of risk factors for NAA, contrasting the findings in various pathways; and (iii) the investigation of three mechanisms which may be involved in non-atopic pathways.

Mots-clés : asthma,non atopic asthma,causes,mechanisms
Projet ERC : CAMERA (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : Fundacao proar — Pays : Brésil — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : Fundacao proar
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 325000.0 €

Until 20 years ago it was widely believed that asthma was an allergic/atopic disease involving atopic inflammation of the airways. Work that I and others have done has now shown that non-atopic asthma is much more important than was previously recognised. This has been confirmed by my ERC-funded AsthmaPhenotypes study, in both high-income countries (HICs) and low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs). This is important both in terms of the prevention of non-atopic asthma, and also in terms of its treatment. I therefore propose to study the Causes and MEchanisms foR non-atopic Asthma in children (CAMERA) in four different settings where I have shown that NAA is common: New Zealand (HIC, high prevalence), Brazil (LMIC, high prevalence), Ecuador (LMIC, medium prevalence), and Uganda (LMIC, low prevalence). Work-package 1 (WP1): involves a case-control study of risk factors for atopic and non-atopic asthma in these four settings, as well as similar analyses in other available and comparable data sets. Together, these studies have comparable data on asthma, atopy, and a large number of asthma risk factors, on a total of 48,000 participants. I will conduct innovative analyses exploring the different causal pathways in these different settings. Work package II: in each centre, we will then select 160 participants (40 atopic asthmatics, 40 non-atopic asthmatics, 40 atopic non-asthmatic, 40 non-atopic non-asthmatics) for further clinical investigation with regards to three mechanisms that may be particularly relevant to non-atopic asthma: capsaicin challenge, cold-air challenge, and response to interferon-gamma. The unique features of this study include: (i) the inclusion of both high and low prevalence centres from HICs and LMICs; (ii) new analyses of risk factors for NAA, contrasting the findings in various pathways; and (iii) the investigation of three mechanisms which may be involved in non-atopic pathways.

Mots-clés : asthma,non atopic asthma,causes,mechanisms
Projet ERC : MOLEC ANTI-ARRHYT (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing
Entité participante : Linköping University — Pays : Suède — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : LiU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499998.0 €

Up to 30% of individuals with inherited cardiac arrhythmias such as Long QT syndrome are not protected from sudden cardiac death despite state-of-the-art treatment. A major hurdle for effective risk stratification and treatment of inherited cardiac arrhythmias is the poor correlation between genetic variant and clinical manifestations. Affected individuals, who harbour the same arrhythmia-causative mutation, paradoxically display a spectrum of clinical phenotypes ranging from a lifelong asymptomatic state to sudden death in infancy. Up to 40% of genotype-positive individuals, depending on type of arrhythmia, do not display clinical manifestation. Based on our unpublished observations, I propose that an important, yet unexplored, underlying cause of the diverse clinical manifestations are endogenous resilience and trigger factors, which interact with mutated cardiac ion channels to alter arrhythmia severity. MOLEC ANTI-ARRHYT utilizes front-line experimental and computational approaches and the cardiac IKs potassium channel, which is strongly linked to lethal arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death, as a prototype. We aim to: (i) identify major classes of endogenous ligands with therapeutic (resilience factors) or pathological (trigger factors) effects on the IKs channel, (ii) provide proof of mechanism for how the effect of resilience and trigger factors is determined by arrhythmia-causative mutations in the IKs channel, (iii) utilize resilience mechanisms to develop a fundamentally novel concept of anti-arrhythmic drug development: Resilience-Mimetic Drug Development. The successful completion of this project will open up new avenues for personalized risk stratification and clinical management, which ultimately will improve the clinical outcome for individuals with inherited arrhythmias.

Mots-clés : anti arrhythmic drug,electrophysiology,ion channel,long qt syndrome,molecular dynamics,voltage gated potassium channel
Projet ERC : realTRIPS (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : University of London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : U. London
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1468363.0 €

Urban mobility analysis, advanced by the emerging fine-granularity location data (e.g. smart card data, mobile phone data and social media data), has received significant attention in recent years. It has become an important subject for understanding the functionality, ever-increasing dynamism and complexity of urban space. realTRIPS aims to open a new avenue of research in urban mobility analysis using emerging automatic data by developing an analytical and modelling framework, particularly addressing variability across spatial-temporal scales. I argue that the variability of urban mobility should not be simply interpreted as a number of errors, but indicators of changes in regular human behaviours impacted by land use and transport at different scales. A deeper understanding of variability and regularity would contribute to a more accurate prediction of urban development scenarios. The relevant theories and measures on variability have been long-researched in spatial statistics, but not well applied to the context of urban mobility studies. The proposed framework will take advantage of the research progress in multi-disciplines and leverage key concepts from uncertainty in spatial analysis, time geography, and land use transport planning. Under such framework, variability will be measured in mobility patterns and integrated as a function of space and time into operational urban models for predicting impact of land use and transport on people’s travel and location choices at different spatiotemporal scales. Case studies presenting typical urban contexts (i.e. London, Shenzhen, Nairobi) will be explored to demonstrate the feasibility and generic applicability of the theory, analytical methods and urban models.

Mots-clés : urban mobility,variability,mobility patterns,land use and transport planning
Projet ERC : dcPolyWheat (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering
Entité participante : UK Research and Innovation — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UKRI
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999994.0 €

Urgent action is needed to sustainably intensify global crop production using science-based solutions. Across crops, selection for mutations in cis-regulatory regions of transcription factors has been at the centre of the domestication and breeding process to improve productivity traits. Further efforts to advance towards this goal, however, are hampered in the young polyploid genome of wheat as many genes are present as two or three homoeologous copies with overlapping functions. As a result, recessive variation at single loci is often masked by redundancy with homoeologous copies. This understanding, together with the recent breakthroughs in wheat genomics and gene editing approaches, allow us to now propose an innovative strategy to overcome the perennial problem of functional redundancy in polyploid wheat. The aim of this proposal is to use state-of-the-art genomics to produce a novel framework that defines the cis-regulatory landscape of the polyploid wheat genome. I hypothesise that targeting mutations to cis-regulatory regions of transcription factors will result in dominant alleles within the polyploid context. Through genome editing approaches, I will engineer novel dominant alleles that should result in an unprecedented step change in wheat phenotypic variation, with the potential to improve productivity traits. I will benchmark this novel phenotypic variation with that achieved through recessive loss-of-function mutants in the same transcription factors and their putative downstream genes. Upon completion, I will deliver publicly-accessible germplasm with unique and novel variation that will enhance wheat productivity traits beyond what is traditionally possible. This project paves the way to apply similar approaches to other polyploid crops and will demonstrate the transformational impact of innovative genetic solutions towards addressing food security.

Mots-clés : wheat,polyploid,genome editing,breeding,yield,grain development,genomics,mutants,rna seq,networks,transcription factors
Projet ERC : InteractiveSkin (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer science and informatics
Entité participante : Saarland University — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1496382.0 €

User interfaces are moving onto the human body. However, today’s rigid and mass-fabricated devices do not conform closely to the body, nor are they customized to fit individual users. This drastically restricts their interactive capabilities. This project aims to lay the foundations for a new generation of body-worn UIs: interactive skin. Our approach is unique in proposing computational design and rapid manufacturing of stretchable electronics as a means to customize on-body UIs. Our vision is that laypeople design highly personalized interactive skin devices in a software tool and then print them. Interactive skin has the advantage of being very thin, stretchable, of custom geometry, with embedded sensors and output components. This allows it to be used as highly conformal interactive patches on various body locations, for many mobility tasks, leveraging the many degrees of freedom of body interaction. This vision requires ground-breaking contributions at the intersection of on-body interaction, stretchable electronics, and digital fabrication: 1) We will contribute an automatic method to generate printable electronic layouts for interactive skin from a high-level design specification. 2) We will contribute multimodal interaction primitives that address the unique challenges of skin interaction. 3) We will develop principles for design tools that allow end-users to easily design a personalized interactive skin device. 4) We will use the newly developed methodology to realize and empirically evaluate interactive skin in unsolved application cases. The project will establish digital fabrication as a strong complement to existing mass-manufacturing of interactive devices. We will contribute to a deep and systematic understanding of the on-body interaction space and show how to build UIs with unprecedented body compatibility and interactive capabilities. We expect that our method will act as a key enabler for the next generation of body-UIs.

Mots-clés : on body user interfaces,multimodal interaction,mobile interaction,personal fabrication,computational design,printed electronics
Projet ERC : GENESHUTTLE (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering
Entité participante : Technical University of Munich — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TUM
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2495310.0 €

Using rational design with DNA origami, we propose to create synthetic virus-like assemblies capable of accomplishing cell-invading and gene expression functionalities known so far only from natural viruses. We envision these assemblies to be useful for studying and testing viral import mechanisms, and also for gene delivery, enabling fundamental studies and potential medical applications. The objectives include selecting and invading a target cell type, systematically solving the challenges of endosomal escape and nuclear delivery, and inducing the expression of user-defined genetic information in the nucleus. To achieve these objectives, we will recreate and experimentally test mechanisms believed to be used by viruses, including receptor-mediated endocytosis, stimulus-dependent lipid membrane penetration, membrane fusion, active cytosolic transport, and nuclear import. We foresee building synthetic shells carrying genetic information stored in nucleic acids, which we refer to as the “gene shuttle”. The particles will optionally include a membrane envelope and user-defined surface features to mediate receptor-ligand interactions with cell membranes, and they will be capable of stimulus-dependent conformational changes to trigger membrane fusion or membrane penetration. They will shed structural elements on the path to the nucleus, similar to viruses. In addition to delivering genes for fluorescent markers, as a proof of concept demonstration we plan to use the gene shuttle to deliver the genetic information for expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) in a T cell line, which promises to be of use in cancer immunotherapy. The project promises to yield a gene delivery system with capabilities beyond current synthetic vectors, which struggle to overcome the many cellular barriers to deliver and express genetic cargo. For safety reasons, the gene shuttle will by design be unable to assemble in the context of a cell to prevent uncontrolled autonomous replication.

Mots-clés : self assembly,dna origami,dna nanotechnology,gene delivery,endocytosis,endosomal escape,nuclear import,biophysics,bottom up,synthetic biology
Projet ERC : LEDA (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Universe sciences
Entité participante : Max Planck Society — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : MPG
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1359688.0 €

Using strong gravitational lensing, I will constrain with my unique modelling technique and acquired knowledge the properties of dark matter and potentially revise the current standard paradigm for the formation of all structures which is at the core of modern cosmology and galaxy formation theories. Numerical simulations of cosmic structure formation have shown that the amount of mass in low-mass objects depends strongly on the assumed nature of dark matter. My goal is to constrain the nature of dark matter by measuring the dark matter mass function down to ~10^6 M_sol, where the predictions from different currently viable dark matter models differ by large factors. To this end, I will use the gravitational imaging technique, an advanced modelling tool that I have developed and pioneered, and state-of-the-art strong gravitational lensing data for 12 systems observed with cm- and mm-interferometers. At present, this is the only observational probe of low-mass structure in the dark matter distribution beyond the Local Universe. This will represent an important milestone in our understanding of the dark Universe and will provide a key observational test of the Cold Dark Matter model in a regime that has not been probed before. This ERC project will challenge our standard model for small-scale structure formation and will distinguish between “warm” and “cold” hypothesis for the nature of dark matter. This ERC project will have significant implications for the fields of cosmology and galaxy formation. I am in a unique position to achieve the scientific goal here proposed. I have extended experience in studying gravitational lenses and low mass dark structures. I have an unmatched gravitational lens modelling code and high quality data. With this ERC I will build upon my previous successes and create a top-class research group for studying dark matter with gravitational lensing.