Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : HEART2ADAPT (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Compl exity
Entité participante : Université Radboud de Nimègue — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2499999.0 €

Why do some people make highly flexible approach-avoid decisions under threat, while others can only follow fight-flight impulses? Computational psychiatry has advanced formalizations on how utility functions shape optimal decisions. But decisions are made by embodied agents, equipped with potent and competing autonomic arousal systems: Approach-avoidance conflicts elicit stress and are marked by concurrent sympathetic and parasympathetic arousal. The impact of para- and sympathetic dominance on decisions is very different, but decision science has largely ignored autonomic balance, failing to explain altered decisions in real-life threats and anxiety.  Leveraging theoretical innovations that bridge the decision and affective neurosciences, HEART2ADAPT develops a new framework to explain how our brains adapt value-based approach-avoidance decisions under the influence of our autonomic state. It will—for the first time—document the direct impact of autonomic balance on decisions in health and anxiety. HEART2ADAPT tests the hypotheses that: (1) sympathetic overdrive and failure to reach parasympathetic dominance makes anxious individuals misinterpret random environmental changes (noise) as actual threats, causing avoidance biases, while (2) parasympathetic dominance promotes integration of phasic amygdala-signaled changes with longer-term fronto-striatal updating, facilitating flexible decision making.  To do so, HEART2ADAPT will (1) leverage groundbreaking innovations in the concurrent, real-time tracking of body-brain states (cardio- & posturography; high resolution MEG; fMRI/MRS); (2) pioneer focused ultrasound stimulation and cholinergic modulation to directly explore causal contributions of deep neural regions on decisions under threat, and (3) test these interventions in clinical proof-of-concept studies. HEART2ADAPT articulates a novel integrated neurocomputational framework that will radically change our understanding of fearful avoidance and its management.

Mots-clés : psychophysiology,decision making under threat,affective neuroscience,defensive freezing,anxiety disorders,sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic nervous system,transcranial ultrasound stimulation,pharmacology,noradrenaline,acetylcholine
Projet ERC : CIRMET (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and Processes Engineering
Entité participante : KU Leuven — Pays : Belgique — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2494930.0 €

CIRMET will lead to a new approach to hydrometallurgy, called “circular hydrometallurgy”, with a focus on the design of energy-efficient flowsheets or unit processes that consume a minimum amount of reagents and produce virtually no waste. CIRMET has the ambitious goal to replace the traditional, linear hydrometallurgical flowsheets for extraction and refining of the “energy-transition” metals cobalt and nickel into a next-generation, circular flowsheet, which (1) consumes no chemicals other than (green) hydrogen, water and carbon dioxide (taking advantage of the unique chemical properties of carbon dioxide); (2) uses the acid for the leaching process as a “catalyst” that is continually regenerated rather than consumed; (3) reduces the net consumption of acids and bases to virtually zero through ingenious manipulations of chemical equilibria via solvent extraction; and (4) comprises a virtually zero discharge of solid and liquid waste streams. As such, CIRMET can drastically reduce the environmental footprint of hydrometallurgical processes. To enable such circular flowsheets, a new theoretical chemical thermodynamic framework for multiphase electrolyte equilibria involving two immiscible liquids and innovative unit operations for sustainable metal and sulphur recovery are developed. Hydrometallurgical processes are approached from a molecular level. Liquid-liquid equilibria are modelled by Gibbs-energy-minimisation (GEM) methods, rather than by solving law-of-mass action (LMA) equations. The proof of concept of circular flowsheets is demonstrated for metal recovery from real, complex (rather than synthetic), impurity-bearing input streams: nickel laterites, cobalt-nickel sulphide ores, mixed hydroxide precipitate (MHP), and mixed sulphide precipitate (MSP). Only by combining these three mutually supporting spheres of innovation – (1) the “thermodynamic framework”, (2) the “unit process level” and (3) the “general flowsheet” sphere – can CIRMET be successful.

Mots-clés : battery grade materials battery metals chemical metallurgy cobalt critical raw materials extractive metallurgy hydrometallurgy liquid liquid extraction metallurgical flowsheets nickel solvent extraction sustainable metallurgy chemical thermodynamics gibbs energy minimisation
Projet ERC : JOINEDUPJUSTICE (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Université York — Pays : Canada — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 16250.0 €

JOINEDUPJUSTICE develops parameters for a coordinated system of global justice at the domestic level. While the project’s focus is on international criminal law (ICL), international refugee law (IRL) is the starting point; it is the metaphorical canary in the coal mine that flags up questions at the heart of ICL.  Many of the domestic prosecutions of international crimes (crimes against humanity, war crimes, genocide) are asylum related. This comes with problems. First, article 1F(a) of the Refugee Convention, (exclusion clause), stipulates that those who are suspected of having committed international crimes are undeserving of protection and should be prosecuted. There is no uniform understanding of ‘undeserving’. At the same time, ICL lacks an overarching policy of who is 'deserving' of prosecution. Many excluded asylum claimants remain unprosecuted and exist in a legal limbo. Second, asylum related prosecutions have a distorting effect. It comes with a focus on low-level and ‘low cost’ defendants (from weak countries). Third, it hampers developing a long-term approach to ICL enforcement. The project consists of 5 work packages and 9 subprojects: (i) through empirical research in 8 focus countries and comprehensive case-analysis it maps who is deserving of prosecution whilst scrutinizing the ‘enemy of mankind’ narrative, ‘no safe haven’ and ‘end to impunity’ goals, (ii) it clarifies the scope of ‘undeserving’ and draws the line between criminal complicity and non-criminal association, addressing the ICL-IRL mismatch that leaves many in limbo, (iii) it proposes a system of ‘jurisdiction designation’ based on subsidiarity and burden-sharing plus a settlement proposal premised on a ‘right to start again’, (iv) allows for policy integration, (v) and synthesises findings into an account of coordinated global criminal justice. The project’s ambition, scope and methodology will lead to a step change in international criminal justice where the future is domestic.

Mots-clés : international criminal law,international crimes,prosecutorial policy,icc,universal jurisdiction
Projet ERC : ZAMBEZI (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Study of the Human Past
Entité participante : National museums board — Pays : Zambie — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Organismes publics (hors enseignement & recherche)
Financement ERC de l'entité : 366980.0 €

ZAMBEZI introduces a radical new precolonial history of an African region in the Middle Zambezi Valley. The project explores the site of Ingombe Ilede in Zambia and its regional setting, using a nested methodology offering three levels of innovation: (1) deep understanding of a crucial but under-explored site; (2) pioneering methodologies offering unique detail on human settlement and mobility; and (3) a transformative view of the African past derived from an exploration of diversity and contingency.  Rescue excavations at Ingombe Ilede in 1960 captured attention due to the discovery of rich burials suggesting the existence of a wealthy elite; the materials illuminate resource networks from the Copperbelt to the eastern African coast. The richest period was contemporary with 15th/16th century Portuguese colonial intrusion, and thus Ingombe Ilede has a story to tell that encompasses the socio-economic landscape of the precolonial Zambezi, as well as the emergence of a local elite during a moment of global encounter.  Building on the expertise of the PI in constructing human-scale archaeological histories through combined methods, the project will apply an ambitious methodology combining established techniques and new technologies to create detailed life histories and diachronic understandings of settlement and society. The project will produce a microhistory with the capacity to transform our understanding of macro-histories of this region, highlighting emergent cultural forms that stem from mobility and encounter. Detailed, human-level stories about African societies are urgently needed, as the building blocks of our explorations of the global past. ZAMBEZI offers a unique opportunity to tell a new story about the African past, beyond narratives of migration or the emergence of single central places, focusing rather on the histories of local societies and economies, craft producers, and the way they forged forms of power and status on the eve of colonial expansion.

Mots-clés : african archaeology global entanglements zambezi zambia portuguese colonialism
Projet ERC : LAUDARE (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Texts and Concepts
Entité participante : Istituto nazionale di fisica nucleare — Pays : Italie — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : INFN
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 690395.0 €

The lauda, a vibrant expression of popular piety, is the poetic-musical genre that from the second half of the twelfth century marked the birth and the spread of singing in the Italian language. It was based on melodies of varied origins, but mostly functional in orally conveying – through minstrels, lay confraternities and preachers – the dissemination of texts and (not only spiritual) concepts among a largely illiterate population. Despite this ‘volatility’, a good corpus of laude has been preserved in written form for ritual needs, sometimes with musical notation, forming an impressive repository of ‘frozen orality’. While realizing the importance and vastness of this heritage, scholars for over a century have been mainly engaged in alternatively considering it either from a literary or a musical point of view. Therefore, no systematic research has yet to shed light on the specific nature of the phenomenon, its dynamics of creation and transmission and all indicators that make it a reliable mirror of society, culture and mentality in medieval and early Renaissance Italy. The LAUDARE project aims to approach the Italian lauda in its intrinsic intermediality by collecting the whole corpus of texts handed down with music up to the mid 1500s and comprehensively exploring the dynamics of composition and transmission of poems and related tunes according to the mechanisms of orality. An open access database, making searchable the entire corpus, will allow wide-ranging surveys such as the territorial impact of a text and/or its musical setting as well as the diffusion of melodic patterns and text formulas. The results will be collected in a specific volume. Other expected outputs are a handbook, at least ten open access articles, three workshops and two international conferences with proceedings, one of which will have involved related disciplines such as medieval and religious history, linguistics, palaeography, iconography, anthropology, and urban studies.

Mots-clés : italian lauda mediaval music medieval poetry music and poetry intermediality orality digital humanties early music performance medieval history history of mentality
Projet ERC : ARCHCELLORG (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Molecules of Life: B iological  Mechanisms , Structures  and Functions
Entité participante : Université de Fribourg-en-Brisgau — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2498000.0 €

Archaea are microbes that form one of the three domains of life. While sharing similarities with both Bacteria and Eukarya, archaea possess unique features such as atypical lipid membranes, the archaellum motility apparatus, and exclusive metabolic pathways like methanogenesis. Studies over the last decade have substantially expanded the archaeal tree of life, revealing the tremendous diversity, widespread distribution and vital ecological roles mediated by these organisms, as well as their crucial evolutionary placement as close relatives of eukaryotes. Despite these major advances regarding archaea diversity, ecology and evolution, our knowledge of archaeal cell biology remains limited, particularly due to the scarcity of model systems and suitable genetic and imaging tools. In ARCHCELLORG, we propose to explore recent methodological advances, including the ability to perform live cell imaging on the model archaeum Haloferax volcanii, combined with genetics, physiology, biochemistry and structural approaches, to unravel the mechanisms governing three fundamental aspects of archaea cellular organization: cell division, polarity, and shape regulation. In Aim 1, we will elucidate the molecular composition of the archaeal division machinery and the mechanisms involved in its organization and placement at the division plane. In Aim 2, we will identify the main regulators of cell polarity and characterize their modes of action. In Aim 3, we will investigate regulators of shape transition and define the mechanisms by which they coordinate shape changes and motility. Elucidating these processes will not only contribute to further our understanding of archaeal cell organization but will likely also provide valuable insights into the evolution of cellular life on Earth, including the processes that led to the emergence of eukaryotes.

Mots-clés : archaea,molecular microbiology,cell division,ftsz,septum,cell polarity,cell morphology,cell shape,haloferax,euryachaea
Projet ERC : REACTIVA (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and R egeneration
Entité participante : Ministry of Health — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : MISAN
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2500000.0 €

The mammalian heart is a non-regenerative organ due to the extremely limited ability of fully differentiated cardiomyocytes (CMs) to proliferate. While neonatal hearts still contain mostly diploid CMs and regenerate efficiently, physiological postnatal CM polyploidization/hypertrophy ensures the contractile capacity of the adult myocardium but represents a roadblock to cardiac regeneration. Due to this limitation, diseases that provoke CM loss, like acute ischemia, frequently lead to heart failure. REACTIVA will establish a new strategy for heart regeneration based on the reactivation of a dormant endogenous mechanism, thereby achieving unprecedented advances in the field of cardiac regenerative biology. In mice, the proportion of adult diploid CMs (ADCs) correlates with regenerative ability, however, efforts to identify a molecular signature for ADCs have been unsuccessful, which has precluded exploring their roles in heart regeneration. Using an improved methodology for single-CM RNAseq, my group has identified a molecular signature of ADCs related to the fetal program and controlled by a single repressor transcription factor. This factor is specifically expressed in the polyploid CM population (PCM) and its inhibition in the postnatal mouse heart robustly increases ADC abundance and proliferative activity. Based on these findings, we propose that ADCs underlie a vestigial endogenous mechanism for adult mammalian heart renewal and that their stimulation will promote heart regeneration. REACTIVA will exploit our new findings on ADCs to 1) Fully characterize the ADC regulatory network, identifying factors to modulate it, 2) Identify and trace ADCs in the adult heart, defining their niches and contribution to renew and expand the CM population during heart homeostasis, aging and disease, 3) Use the generated knowledge to induce ADC activation with the goal of promoting adult mammalian heart regeneration.

Mots-clés : cardiac regeneration,transcription factors,gene therapy
Projet ERC : Nab-Heart (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention,  Diagnosis and T reatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : Ministry of Health — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : MISAN
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 250000.0 €

In cardiac cells, kinase enzymes are key modulators of calcium homeostasis, mitochondrial function, excitation-contraction coupling, and metabolism. Of these, the delta isoform of Ca 2+ /Calmodulin-dependent kinase (Camk2d) is particularly relevant to the induction of life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias.Of the several promising small molecule and peptide Camk2d inhibitors proposed in pre-clinical investigations, none has entered clinical applications. The severity of side effects, a well-known issue for kinase inhibitors, in this case is further amplified by the high homology and the unique Ca 2+ -dependent regulatory physiology among four Camk2 isoforms, plus the delicate role of the ubiquitously expressed Camk2d in non-cardiac tissues. Since the major obstacle to developing a cardio-specific, Camk2d-specific inhibitor mainly relies on reaching high isoform selectivity, the Nab-Heart project will conjugate selected Nanobodies (Nbs) to a new Camk2 inhibitory peptide to develop the first selective kinase inhibitor. Such a molecule will prevent the development of life-threatening arrhythmias in a variety of cardiac conditions, spanning from inherited arrhythmias such as Long QT Syndrome to acquired and highly prevalent diseases such as atrial fibrillation and heart failure. The team will identify Nb candidates with the desired Camk2d isoform-selectivity and affinity. Optimized substrate-mimicking Camk2d-inhibitory peptides will be covalently linked to the selected Nbs (Nb-inibs) to ensure delivery of the inhibitory module to the pathologically active Camk2d target with outstanding selectivity and affinity. The strategy will be validated in vivo through cardio-specific AAV9 delivery of the Nb-inib candidates in a mouse model of Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia and in a Swine model of acquired heart failure, where Camk2d is known to be the trigger of life-threatening arrhythmias.
Projet ERC : OVERNIGHT (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Compl exity
Entité participante : Académie royale néerlandaise des arts et des sciences — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : KNAW
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2254375.0 €

Anxiety and insomnia account for one-third of the global mental health burden. Prognosis is poor: chronicity and relapse are common because treatment effectiveness is moderate. While this situation calls for treatment innovation, the required knowledge on targetable key mechanisms is lacking. Their shared core symptom is hyperarousal, covering subjective, physiological and clinical indicators. Hyperarousal is not 'just another overlapping symptom': individual differences in hyperarousal determine severity, prognosis and treatment response across insomnia-, anxiety- and stress-disorders. Hyperarousal links their genetic and phenotypic overlap. Since hyperarousal plays such a pivotal role in the development and chronicity of these disorders, a transdiagnostic mechanistic understanding of hyperarousal would have major implications for the direly needed development of better treatment. This project aims for a transdiagnostic mechanistic understanding of hyperarousal across wake and sleep and use to this insight to innovate treatment. The project will do so by combining large-scale data-driven approaches with targeted testing of the novel hypothesis that hyperarousal may be reset overnight. Crossing disciplines and diagnoses, the project will first deliver an integrated account of the subjective, brain structural, brain functional and physiological hyperarousal landscape. This approach will deliver unprecedented transdiagnostic insights into the lifetime development and underlying brain mechanisms of hyperarousal vulnerability and its consequences for mental health. Moreover, this approach will yield both innovative state-of-the art tools, as well as practical tools, to quantify hyperarousal. These tools will be employed in both experimental preclinical studies and immediately applicable transdiagnostic clinical interventions expected to considerably improve the perspectives of people suffering from the most common mental disorders by alleviating hyperarousal overnight.

Mots-clés : sleep,hyperarousal,insomnia,anxiety,prevention,emotion,mental health