Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : PaDiDom (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : Université hébraïque de Jérusalem — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : HUJI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2194125.0 €

The packing problem associated with a family of sets F seeks a large subfamily of pairwise disjoint members of F. When F comprises the unit balls in d-space, this is the sphere packing problem, which for d = 3 was solved by Hales-Ferguson (Kepler’s conjecture). The cases d = 8, 24 have won Viazovska her Fields Medal. Much of discrete mathematics deals with dense packing problems. The asymptotic rate vs. distance problem, may be the most fundamental open problem about error correcting codes. It seeks the densest Hamming-sphere packing in discrete cubes. A linear code is a linear subspace of F_2n. Such codes are important both in theory and in practice. Here, we seek to maximize dim(C), when every nonzero vector in C has Hamming weight ≥ δn. Despite its mathematical significance and practical importance, the answer remains unknown for all 1/2 > δ > 0, and our best upper bounds on the rate date from the 70’s. Neither do we know if linear codes can be asymptotically as good as general codes. We have made some progress on these key questions of our proposal. The infinite d-regular tree Td is another important metric space where we seek dense sphere packing. It is easy to perfectly pack balls in Td, but not in a periodic manner. Periodic perfect sphere packings in Td coincide with Moore graphs - finite regular graphs of least diameter and largest possible girth (i.e., with no short cycles). Moore graphs were fully characterized in the 70’s, yet we still cannot show that for fixed d ≥ 3 and large r, any periodic packing of r-spheres in Td must have vanishing density. Many important mathematicians, including Erdös, Margulis, and Lubotzky-Phillips-Sarnak sought the largest possible girth of a d-regular n-vertex graph (d fixed, n → ∞). We show how better upper bounds on linear codes yield progress here, whereas bounds on general codes would not do.We use computers as exploratory tools, e.g., to test our new bounds on codes, yet we publish only humanly verifiable proofs.

Mots-clés : discrete mathematics,coding theory,graph theory,graph spectra,extremal problems,the probabilistic method
Projet ERC : DigitalHRGeneration3 (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Université hébraïque de Jérusalem — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : HUJI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2500000.0 €

The proposed research program explores different strategies developed in the digital age within and outside international human rights law to respond to new needs, interests, risks and challenges brought about by transition of inter-personal interactions, social activities and regulatory schemes from offline to online environments. It investigates the development in recent years of three generations of digital human rights: adaptation of existing rights and their manner of application to online environments (e.g., online privacy), the creation of new digital rights (e.g., right to access the Internet) and the introduction of new rights and duty holders (e.g., virtual persons and online platforms exercising quasi-sovereign power), as well as the development of alternative protection avenues based on private ordering, including rights by design and community standards, Internet governance and multi-stakeholder arrangements. The ERC project will examine these paradigmatic normative, institutional and theoretical developments, and the policy choices behind them from five methodological perspectives: (1) historical study of the evolution of digital human rights and of choices made by norm-entrepreneurs and law-makers between different protection frameworks; (2) analytical study of protection gaps, overlaps and conflicts across traditional and digital human rights and alternative arrangements; (3) comparative study juxtaposing developments in the field of digital human rights against analogous development in international human rights law, with a view to identifying paradigms of normative and institutional change; (4) empirical analysis through interviews of the perceived effectiveness and legitimacy in the eyes of stakeholders of the said developments ; (5) Evaluation of the developments under theories of rights, global governance, business ethics and corporate responsibility and rational choice.
Projet ERC : EcoEvoMove (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Environmental B iology, Ecology  and E volution
Entité participante : UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UKCEH
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 426972.5 €

My overarching ambition in EcoEvoMove is to provide new theoretical and empirical understanding of how ecological and evolutionary dynamics can interact to ‘rescue’ wild populations from impending extinctions caused by changing and increasingly extreme seasonal climatic conditions.  Seasonal climates are rapidly changing, but capabilities to predict real-world population responses are still severely limited. Major problems are that 1) existing eco-evolutionary theory relies on core assumptions that are fundamentally violated by intrinsic properties of key traits that shape seasonal population dynamics, and 2) key micro-evolutionary processes that drive interacting seasonal and spatial dynamics have not yet been quantified in any wild population. We therefore have no capacity to predict how fast climate-impacted animal populations could adapt through changing seasonal movements, profoundly reshaping seasonal locations and wider ecological interactions.  I will provide: 1) new theory that identifies general principles of eco-evolutionary dynamics arising in seasonally- and spatially-varying environments; 2) the first empirical estimates of complex quantitative genetic effects and feedbacks that drive micro-evolution and plasticity in seasonal movements, and resulting spatio-seasonal dynamics, in nature.  By coupling these theoretical and empirical advances I will test the overarching hypothesis that rapid micro-evolution of the degree or form of seasonal movement could facilitate rapid ‘evolutionary rescue’ of wild meta-populations facing changing seasonal climates, preventing system collapse.  I will achieve these advances through new general theoretical models of complex non-linear eco-evolutionary dynamics; new widely-applicable statistical methods for quantitative genetic analyses of spatio-seasonal field data; and ground-breaking application to an unprecedented large-scale multi-generation dataset on a wild bird system exhibiting flexible seasonal migration.

Mots-clés : quantitative genetics movement ecology seasonal migration demography eco evolutionary dynamics
Projet ERC : 3TMAAP (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Study of the Human Past
Entité participante : Université Gustave Eiffel — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UGE
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 456840.0 €

This project begins with a “book:” eight historical case studies detailing environmental change will serve to produce 8 machine learning training data sets to develop a methodology for the automatic analysis of quantitative and visual environmental data from historical aerial photographs. This will allow for a new approach to study the 1940s-1990s Great Acceleration, which caused unprecedented environmental change. Becoming ubiquitous in the 1940s, aerial photography has a sub-1-meter resolution which is key to identifying non-linear, non-monumental, and pre-industrial rural environmental infrastructure (e.g. trees, waterholes, fields) and how it has changed over time. Since satellite imagery only gained a comparable high resolution in the early 2000s, the ability to machine-read aerial photographs will quadruple the availability of high-resolution geospatial data, thereby allowing a more robust and nuanced analysis of environmental and climate change. The project goals are: (1) to develop a historical ground truthing method to enhance the interpretation of historical aerial photographs to imagine historical landscapes and how they changed; (2) to produce machine deep learning training data sets by deploying historical ground truthing to identify and extract a set of features from sample areas in the study regions; (3) to use a more systematic and more historically informed object-based methodology to machine read archival aerial photography that is deployable at different spatial (local, regional, global) and temporal scales and make it available as an Open Access online software to read historical aerial photography world-wide. By unlocking the mass data contained in archival aerial photography 3TMAAP opens a new path of research by systematically integrating historical ground truthing into the automatization of geospatial analysis, dramatically deepening the time depth of high-resolution mass data for historical analysis and geospatial and climate modelling.

Mots-clés : environmental history climate history archival aerial photographs historical aerial photographs historical ground truth historical data sets for machine learning automatic analysis historical aerial photography historical data and climate modelling new high resolution geo spatial data computing history
Projet ERC : Byz-GOVAG (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Study of the Human Past
Entité participante : Académie d'athènes — Pays : Grèce — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1617810.0 €

Crucial to Byzantium’s survival against several post 6th-century external foes was the introduction of the theme-system (military-territorial units), which sealed its provincial administration for five centuries. The long debate on this institution, often biased by anachronistic evidence from literary sources, has gained new impetus through the study of seals, the tiny lead disks that the Byzantines used to secure and authenticate their correspondence. The plethora of irrefutable evidence that seals provide on the administrative nomenclature and the prosopography of high- and (the otherwise unattested) low-ranking officials, allow the in-depth analysis of a special group of individuals directly linked to the state, whose professional performance and unobstructed succession in office was a prerequisite for the Empire’s cohesion and well-being.  An international team of researchers will apply a well-tested methodological model on the recording and analysis of seals to study relevant material in more than 100 collections worldwide (including hundreds of unpublished seals from Cyprus, Greece and Turkey) and offer in-depth prosopographic analysis of the officials who manned the themes and contributed to Byzantium’s long-lasting endurance. An innovative geo- and chrono-referenced database of seals with secure findspots will, for the first time, visualise the Byzantine correspondence network, and data on the iconography of the seals and the historical, archaeological and sigillographic profile of the thematic headquarters will further revolutionize our hitherto perception of the military, social and cultural history of Byzantium. Printed and online publications, three open access databases, an updated manual on dating criteria for seals, scientific meetings, exhibitions, and an educational programme (designed also for people with special needs) will disseminate the results of the project and guarantee their future use in the study of the European Middle Ages.

Mots-clés : byzantine prosopography,sigillography,administration,historical geography,urbanism
Projet ERC : ESSCEvNS (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental Constituents of Matter
Entité participante : Donostia International Physics Center — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : DIPC
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2795294.0 €

Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering (CEvNS), a recently discovered process of neutrino interaction, provides numerous opportunities to search for physics beyond the Standard Model (SM). The CEvNS cross-section, much larger than for any other coupling, results in a dramatic miniaturization of neutrino detectors. However, the faint signals generated (few-keV nuclear recoils, NRs) require advanced detector technologies. The unprecedented neutrino flux from the upcoming European Spallation Source (ESS) provides the opportunity for a definitive exploration of all phenomenological applications of CEvNS.  The centerpiece of this proposal is the development of a new CEvNS detector technology, cryogenic undoped CsI scintillators monitored by innovative sensors (the largest avalanche photodiodes produced to date), in combination with state-of-the-art waveshifters (nanostructured organosilicon luminophores). An array of seven CsI crystals at the ESS, operating at 80 K and adding up to just 32 kg, will provide an exceptionally-high signal rate of 12,000 CEvNS events per year, significantly surpassing the sensitivity of ton-scale detectors at present-day spallation sources. The signal output per energy deposited in this new hybrid device is the highest ever achieved with scintillators: this provides a sensitivity to the lowest NR energies expected from CEvNS, for which deviations from the SM are most evident.  This combination of detector technology and neutrino source will achieve the best foreseeable sensitivity to new particle and nuclear physics via CEvNS. A first investigation of the response of high-pressure xenon detectors to low-energy NRs will also be performed. For reasons of nuclear structure, CsI and Xe are essentially identical in their response to CEvNS. However, the technologies and their expected systematics are entirely different. Their simultaneous use at the ESS will provide a unique, robust confirmation of any signatures of new physics encountered.

Mots-clés : pacs 2010 scheme 25 30 pt,13 15 g,14 60 st,29 40 n,29 40 mc
Projet ERC : BiCMat (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : HGF
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2467163.0 €

Bi-based nanostructures provide us with extraordinary chances of addressing chemical and physical ways of energy conversion, catalysis and optical devices as environmentally benign and stable smart materials. However, methods used so far to manufacture nanostructured Bi-based materials are heavily restricted with regard to the control of molecular structures and atomic compositions of the targeted compounds. Herein, we present an innovative chemical methodology of creating Bi-based materials from atom-precise molecular (0D) clusters. Based on our preliminary results, a vast amount of structural motifs and elemental compositions of anionic Bi clusters are possible. We will identify and prepare homo- and heterometallic Bi-based clusters and fabricate nano-architectures in a predictable, sustainable and reproducible fashion. These will be transformed into chemically active nano-architectures with defined larger molecular or extended (1D, 2D, 3D) structures and tailor-made compositions by novel and creative methods of treating such molecular clusters. Both the fabrication of the 0D clusters and their further processing to form extended networks will be designed and guided by theoretical considerations. The combination of the novel synthetic strategy with the digital twin will provide us with a tool for Bi-based materials synthesis never seen before, which ultimately will also be available for the synthesis of other inorganic compounds. Thus, an approach akin to the ubiquitous organic retrosynthesis will be created, unprecedented in inorganic and materials science to date. In this regard, BiCMat leads us to both a conceptual innovation and novel high-value materials, providing a guideline for material science in the future at the forefront of scientific innovation.

Mots-clés : bismuth compounds,cluster chemistry,zintl phases,bond activation general,ion transport,gas storage
Projet ERC : GRAVITHELIUM (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Universe Sciences
Entité participante : Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : HGF
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 3379661.0 €

GRAVITHELIUM addresses the central technology challenge in third generation gravitational wave (3G GW) detectors, proposing to cool the core optics of cryogenic detectors with superfluid helium. The Einstein Telescope (ET) will be the future European 3G GW observatory, designed to observe the whole Universe. It has entered the European ESFRI Roadmap in 2021 and is supported by the major international roadmaps. ET includes new technological challenges on the verge of feasibility, particularly in the cryogenic low-frequency interferometer (ET-LF) that is crucial to exploit the full scientific potential. Cryogenic operation of the ET-LF payloads at 10 K to 20 K is indispensable to suppress the fundamental suspension thermal noise (STN) to the level of Newtonian noise, requiring new key technology developments in ultra-low noise cryogenic cooling, cryopumping and thermal shielding. GRAVITHELIUM aims for the experimental proof of a pioneering concept that proposes cryogenic payload suspensions filled with superfluid helium, as the quantum fluid He-II is the thermal reservoir that absorbs and conducts heat in the quietest possible manner. Motivated by the theoretical proof of concept, experiments on dissipative mechanisms and their STN contributions in He-II filled payload suspensions will be conducted. For this purpose, a new test facility for cryogenic Q-measurements will be build, which will also deliver data on dissipation in full-size solid-state suspensions at low temperature, needed in the GW detector community for the development of ET-LF payloads. The project further focuses on a new technology development for the attenuated and force-free supply of helium to the cryogenic payloads, cooperating with a world-leading industry partner. GRAVITHELIUM will thus achieve significant advancements in one of the key technologies to enable future frontier science with ET, providing also essential physical data for the modelling and engineering design of ET-LF payloads.

Mots-clés : einstein telescope,cryogenics,low frequency interferometer,superfluid helium
Projet ERC : RealSuper (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Condensed Matter Physics
Entité participante : Université technique de Vienne — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TU Wien
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2131675.5 €

Feynman diagrammatic extensions of dynamical mean-field theory are powerful enough for calculating unconventional superconductivity in actual materials. As a proof of principle, we were able to predict the superconducting phase diagram, the electronic and magnetic spectra of infinite-layer nickelates - with astonishing accuracy. At the same time, a new class of finite-layer nickelates, La_n+1Ni_nO_3n+1, was discovered last year. These Ruddlesden-Popper nickelates led to a boost of scientific activity and put common wisdom of superconductivity in nickelates and cuprates into question, as clearly multi Ni orbitals are relevant.  Our objective is to (1) realistically model superconductivity in these finite-layer nickelates and in cuprates, to achieve a similarly good agreement with experiment as for infinite-layer nickelates, and to quantify the relative importance of spin and charge fluctuations. We will validate our calculations against a carefully selected variety of experiments: photoemission and optical spectroscopy, neutron and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering, the superconducting temperature Tc and gap, its doping and pressure dependence. If successful and achieving a consistent picture, we can settled the arguably biggest quest of solid state theory: the physical origin of high-Tc superconductivity. Already in the normal phase, we can (2) study exciting physics: pseudogaps, waterfalls, strange metal behavior, pi-tons, spin and charge density wave order. With an improved understanding of high-Tc superconductivity, a further aim is to (3) eventually predict how to optimize superconductivity in nickelates and cuprates and even to identify new classes of superconductors. Advancing our understanding and developing a predictive power is how theory can contribute to push Tc toward room temperature, which bears the prospects to revolutionize how we generate, transport and consume electric energy.

Mots-clés : unconventional superconductivity,strongly correlated electron systems,computational materials science,nickelates,cuprates
Projet ERC : BM3L-2 (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences
Entité participante : Université technique de Vienne — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : TU Wien
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 0.0 €

Ball milling mechanochemistry is receiving tremendous attention over the last years. The applicant has pioneered the use of it for effecting catalytic reactions, culminating in catalytic ammonia synthesis from H2 and N2 at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. In spite of the success in driving reactions mechanically, the molecular level understanding of the key processes under mechanical activation is still in its infancy. The proposed program will change this, using methods giving insight at the atomic scale. By a multi-pronged approach, the applicant – partly in collaborations - will experimentally probe at the atomic scale hypotheses, which have been put forward to explain the special effects of mechanochemical reactions, to provide key elements for a conceptual understanding. Three topical areas will be covered, in addition, one general purpose tool for the study of mechanochemical reactions will be developed. (1) Temperature dependent luminescence will be used to monitor temperatures during model impacts in order to probe the hot spot and magma/plasma hypotheses. (2) The role of hypothetical, short-lived, mechanically induced defects in catalysis will be analyzed locally at the atomic scale in scanning probe microscopes. (3) In order to understand mechanically induced phase transitions, mechanical forces will be applied in-situ to precursor crystals in a transmission electron microscope (TEM), and phase transitions, for instance from boehmite to corundum, will be followed at the atomic scale by TEM imaging. (4) As a general tool to study the influence of mechanical forces, a hammer/anvil system will be developed in which directly after applying mechanical force the system can be studied by various analytical methods. Overall, the program is expected to provide deep mechanistic understanding of different aspects of mechanochemistry to advance it to a next level.

Mots-clés : mechanochemistry,mechanocatalysis,in situ analysis