Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : NatClim (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth System Science
Entité participante : Université de Cardiff — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1900071.0 €

The future of Earth’s climate is of international concern. Yet the models we depend on for predicting the future remain uncalibrated against a natural baseline because that baseline has yet to be defined. In this ambitious project, we will generate the first empirically based predictions of a future climate that will constrain and define the natural baseline. Combined with state-of-the-art climate model experiments, this will allow us to deliver the first quantitative assessment of the absolute impacts of human activity over the coming millennia.  NatClim has 2 primary objectives:  Objective A: develop empirically based predictions about the future natural evolution of climate beginning today and going forward until the projected next glacial transition (10-20kyr from now). Specifically, we will generate new proxy reconstructions of key climate parameters across selected intervals in the past. These will be augmented by improved age model development and used to generate calibrations for predicting future variations in (for example) deep ocean temperature, sea level and atmospheric CO2.  Objective B: produce an ensemble of future climate projections using state-of-the-art global climate models, ranging from entirely natural (based on results from Objective A) to essentially manmade (based on IPCC emission scenarios). The difference between these extremes will provide the first 4-dimensional quantification of the absolute effects of human activity on future climate.  These objectives will be achieved by a team of experts led by the Principal Investigator with support from a group of Early Career Researchers and PhD students, who will gain invaluable and multi-disciplinary experience across climate system research. Our results will provide a groundbreaking benchmark and foundation upon which the full socio-economic costs of manmade climate change can be calculated, and a basis for future global climate policy decision-making.

Mots-clés : climate reconstruction climate prediction climate modelling
Projet ERC : 18ETHICS (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Texts and Concepts
Entité participante : Université de Milan — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1463694.0 €

Early modern ethics has so far been investigated with regard to the debates on the foundations of morality, moral knowledge and the status of moral principles. Despite their achievements, the main limit of previous studies is that they have largely disregarded the distinctive purpose of ethics in that age, that is, to provide guidance about specific moral issues. Even the discussion on the abstract topics on which most studies have focused was in fact sustained by the purpose of providing the appropriate tools for leading a good life. This applies especially to 18th-century moral philosophers, who devoted most of their efforts to an all-encompassing examination of the most significant demands in all areas of morality, presenting themselves as moral experts. In sharp contrast to previous scholarship, the present project centres on that underlying ambition. The focus will be the raison d’etre of 18th-century treatments of morality, that is, to provide practical guidance. Thereby the project intends to re-orient the studies on the history of early modern ethics. The proposed research will be highly innovative both (1) because of its topics and (2) because of its approach. (1) The project gives prominence to neglected clusters of issues that defined the main concern of 18th-century moral philosophers: the duties to oneself and others, the moral relevance of our conduct towards animals, the extent of disagreement about moral questions. (2) Unlike most current scholarship, the investigation will have not a monographic, but a thematic and comparative approach, examining different takes on the same issues. On both sides, the project has in view an impact that goes well beyond the mere scope of the proposed research, by suggesting a much broader perspective on a distinctive contribution of philosophy to European culture, which offers insights on currently much discussed issues about the status and aims of ethics.

Mots-clés : history of moral philosophy,duties to oneself,duties to others,moral experts,pufendorf,kant
Projet ERC : FIND ME (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention,  Diagnosis and T reatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : Université de Milan — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2495613.0 €

FIND ME addresses the pressing humanitarian and forensic challenge of identifying deceased migrants who have perished in or at the borders of Europe. As migration flows increase, so does the number of unidentified bodies, posing significant difficulties for both authorities and families. Today’s forensic pillars of identification such as DNA are failing to identify economically disadvantaged groups and migrants, because dental charts and fingerprints of these missing persons, as well as DNA from their personal belongings or close relatives, are frequently unattainable. This calls for the development of alternative identification models, at the moment inexistent, to exploit the most frequent element available in humanitarian scenarios from both unidentified cadavers and missing persons: photographs. FIND ME proposes to advance the field of forensic identification by focusing on the anthropological analysis of morphological features of the face. These have the potential to generate robust statistical models that support legal certainty, adhering to the rigorous standards required in forensic contexts. By developing new methodologies that incorporate these features, the project seeks to provide a scientifically sound and ethically responsible model of identification that can be applied in a wide range of scenarios, including those involving humanitarian mass fatalities. FIND ME underscores the ethical imperative to restore dignity to the deceased and recognizes the profound implications of unidentified remains. The project's outcomes will contribute to the broader goal of ensuring justice, fostering the human rights of widows and orphans whose lives are tragically influenced by the lack of death certificates, and assisting the mental health of those experiencing the trauma of ambiguous loss. Ultimately, FIND ME seeks to bridge the gap between forensic science and human rights, offering a viable solution to one of the most pressing issues in global migration today.

Mots-clés : identification,forensic anthropology,forensic pathology,unidentified decedents,missing persons,facial traits,ambiguous loss,ante mortem,post mortem
Projet ERC : SPECIES (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Texts and Concepts
Entité participante : Université de Milan — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2424186.0 €

It is commonly believed that the debate on the nature of living species and their possible evolution has no real history prior to the 18th century. The roots of this assumption lie in the belief that the entire previous tradition had been dominated by the combination of the Aristotelian doctrine of the eternity of species (fixism) and Jewish, Christian and Islamic creationism. The core hypothesis of SPECIES is that, on the contrary, the Middle Ages produced a significant and sophisticated series of reflections on the constancy and fluidity of species, and that the originality of these doctrines can be traced to the use of arguments based on divine omnipotence. The ambition of SPECIES is to rewrite the history of the concept of species. To this end, it will develop through four specific questions, which correspond to the four fundamental objectives [O] of the project: 1. [ORIGO] Are species eternal or do they have a temporal beginning? O1: Show that pre-evolutionary theories are by no means a monolithic and undifferentiated whole. 2. [ORDO] Do species represent an unchanging essential order or can they be subject to variation? O2: Show that hypotheses relating in various ways to the variability or new generation of species arose and were discussed long before the 18th and 19th centuries. 3. [PRAEDICATIO] What is the relationship between species as natural kinds and species as logical predicables? O3: Clarify the relationship between logical and natural classifications in the pre-modern period, allowing a precise disambiguation of the different meanings of ‘species’. 4. [DESCENSUS] Are species hierarchically ordered among themselves? And do they allow for any internal subdivision? O4: Offer a first precise reconstruction of the genesis of a number of (still) burning issues, such as those related to intraspecific racism, speciesism, and the balance between individual and specific interests (a topic of increasing interest in the field of intergenerational ethics).

Mots-clés : medieval philosophy species fixism catastrophism creationism divine omnipotence
Projet ERC : ViaFiPoS (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : Institute of Science and Technology Austria — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ISTA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2499576.0 €

We propose a three-way dictionary between representation theory of complex semisimple Lie groups, equivariant topology of affine Schubert varieties and mirror symmetry for Langlands dual Hitchin systems via the language of fixed point schemes. This unified framework will yield new insights and advances within these fields, with applications extending to other areas of mathematics and quantum physics.  We introduce big algebras, which are commutative algebras attached to representations of complex semisimple Lie groups. We view them as commutative avatars of the representation because they bring together a wealth of sophisticated information, including a novel ring structure on multiplicity spaces, the weight diagram and crystal structure.  We geometrize the study of equivariant cohomologies of various varieties with group action by representing them as rings of functions of certain fixed point schemes of the group action. Adopting this perspective, we propose novel scheme-theoretic counterparts to several fundamental constructions in algebraic topology, such as equivariant integration, Hodge and Lefschetz theory. For affine Schubert varieties, these counterparts offer an alternative topological approach to understanding big algebras.  Due to our central observation that the Hitchin integrable system on various Lagrangians can be modelled by the spectrum of equivariant cohomology and big algebras, we propose a host of computational tests of conjectured mirror branes of Kapustin–Witten in Langlands dual Hitchin systems.  We explore several applications, including polynomial relationships between quantum numbers in baryon multiplets; a big algebra approach to Kashiwara’s conjecture on affine crystals; compatibility with Langlands duality, endoscopy, transfer and character formulas in the relative Langlands program; geometrization of various q = −1 phenomena and cyclic sieving in algebraic combinatorics.

Mots-clés : representations of lie groups,group actions on varieties,equivariant topology,hitchin integrable system,langlands duality
Projet ERC : NoStaHo (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and Processes Engineering
Entité participante : Centrale Lille Institut — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : Centrale Lille Institut
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 93414.0 €

A wide range of radical technological breakthroughs are needed across all industries and engineering because of the dramatic current climatic, environmental and population growth constraints on energy, energy efficiency, polution and emissions. Turbulent flows are a key limiting factor in a vast range of these industries including the aeronautical, automotive, chemical, pharmaceutical and environmental engineering industries to name but a few. Step-change technological innovations in these industries therefore require rapid and reliable turbulent flow prediction methods which are currently unavailable. The stalemate in turbulence prediction methods reflects an 80-year stalemate in our fundamental understanding of turbulent flows. The past 5 years, however, have seen a number of advances which overturn cornerstone turbulence textbook material and create an unprecedented opportunity for a potentially decisive breakthrough in our fundamental and general understanding of turbulent flows which are typically non-stationary and/or non-homogeneous. These recent advances concern non-stationarity and non-homogeneity in fundamental ways and open new research opportunities with many new questions and hypotheses. This project will seize these new research opportunities with a combination of laboratory, computational and theoretical methods and approaches applied to a variety of turbulent flows. The expected outcome is a transformative, entirely new and extensive, fundamental understanding and theory of non-stationary and/or non-homogeneous turbulence, and a consequent road map for future disruptive turbulent flow prediction methods.

Mots-clés : turbulent flows,turbulence
Projet ERC : KITAB-Transform (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Texts and Concepts
Entité participante : Aga Khan Development Network — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : AKDN
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2350587.19 €

The premodern Arabic textual tradition between 700 and 1800 is one of the most prolific in human history, with the number of surviving works surpassing the extant production of any other pre-print culture except perhaps imperial China or Sanskritic India. These texts can now be studied in completely new ways using pioneering digital technology that can identify textual units displaying what one scholar has termed ‘extended textual similarity’. This means not only word-for-word matching, which can be detected by existing techniques and has been computationally studied, but also textual overlap obscured by transformations such as paraphrase and translation. By identifying, documenting, and interpreting this kind of transformational reuse across thousands of Arabic books, KITAB-Transform’s team of eight historians, linguists and computer scientists will uncover hitherto obscured connections between texts and shed light on the writerly attitudes and practices that created the Arabic written tradition and continue to shape Islamicate societies’ reservoirs of memory today. The project relies on a vast corpus of digitised texts that continues to grow thanks to an OCR pipeline developed by team members. KITAB-Transform will produce interdisciplinary monographs and edited volumes, journal articles, blog posts, language models, and data sets, as well as a web application through which less technically inclined scholars can access and work with our data, supported by a robust outreach programme. Our work will make an important contribution to Arabic book history and help redress a significant imbalance in the development of large language models, which favour English and modern social media but are comparatively impoverished for historical languages.

Mots-clés : arabic,islamicate,historiography,cultural memory,digital humanities,text reuse
Projet ERC : STATETECH (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Soci al World and Its Interactions
Entité participante : Goldsmiths, University of London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2498705.0 €

Use of data-driven technologies by public bodies is now well-established across central pillars of European welfare states, from predictive benefit fraud in social security to safeguarding apps in schools to algorithmic diagnostics in health. Yet we still lack a proper understanding of what the datafied welfare state entails, and, crucially, what its relationship with the providers of such technologies is, and with what implications. This project investigates the relationship between the welfare state and digital technology providers in the context of data-driven innovation and explores what this means for a European social model. It is premised on two significant assumptions: 1) the relationship between digital technology providers and the welfare state is qualitatively different from previous and other forms of service provision; and 2) the European social model is transitioning towards a socio-technical model that has implications for welfare state functions. STATETECH investigates four lines of enquiry: a) governmentality; b) infrastructure; c) rentierism; and d) political regulation in order to assess a new institutional formation I refer to as the ‘tenant-state’. It explores both pan-European tendencies as well as specificities across different welfare regimes and is groundbreaking in five different respects: i) it situates computational transformations of the European social model in context by testing theories of new forms of state; ii) it connects ongoing debates in critical data studies with political and economic sociology around the future of the welfare state; iii) it addresses an uncharted but rapidly emerging shift in government relations with service provision; iv) it combines archival research with socio-technical modes of investigation to inform analysis of computational transformations; and v) it maps and advances (new) imaginaries and practices of state-tech relations suitable for a transition towards a European socio-technical model.

Mots-clés : critical data studies
Projet ERC : LawAtWork (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Université de Glasgow — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2442966.0 €

Across Europe and beyond, employment rights are frequently breached in a manner that manifestly undermines the rule of law. Yet breach of employment law remains balefully understudied. Little is understood of enforcement and compliance as social processes: how breach can become normalised or cast as unacceptable; how deterrence measures operate within specific contexts; how enforcement and compliance are affected by the use of new technologies to manage and monitor workers; and how routine breach might cause people to become disillusioned with employment law, and even with law in general, doubting the capacity of legal rules and institutions to hold the powerful to account. Framing enforcement and compliance as a question of the rule of law, and of the capacity of our democracies to regulate the economy in furtherance of collectively devised notions of the common good, LawAtWork develops a novel sociology – or economic sociology – of the rule of law, with application far beyond the fields of labour law and work relations. It develops an innovative approach to the study of employment law enforcement and compliance which puts key actors at the centre of the enquiry: not only firms, labour inspectorates and trade unions but individuals within them, including managers, HR professionals and, critically, workers themselves. Using a combination of methods drawn from economic anthropology, the sociology of law and comparative political economy, it analyses both actors’ decision-making, motivations and understandings and the structural constraints and resources that shape their perceptions and actions. In doing so, it pays particular attention to broad changes in political economy over time, to institutional and organisational change, and to technological developments. It thereby makes transformational advances in our understanding of breach of employment law and the reasons for it, and in much broader understandings of how law works in different socio-economic settings.

Mots-clés : employment law,labour law,enforcement,compliance,rule of law,economic sociology,sociology of law
Projet ERC : MAESTRO (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth System Science
Entité participante : École normale supérieure PSL — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : ENS PSL
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 85062.95 €

Recent research has shown that the spatial organisation of convection (and hence clouds) at the mesoscale (20-200km) dramatically affects the Earth’s energy balance and hydrological cycle. This raises the question as to how the organisation of convection will change with warming, and how it will influence the climate. A poor understanding of the physical drivers of the mesoscale organisation of convection, compounded by an inability to simulate and observe such processes, has hampered our ability to articulate this challenging question, let alone answer it. In MAESTRO I propose to develop observational approaches and analysis frameworks specifically designed to test mechanisms hypothesized to control the mesoscale organisation of both shallow and deep convective clouds. Advances in airborne remote sensing will be exploited to map the spatial structures of clouds and water vapor, to interpret their coupling through the analysis of coherent structures within the clear-air environment around clouds, and to understand their dependence on environmental conditions. This will help understand why and how convective clouds organise at the mesoscale, why the organisation co-varies with water vapor, clouds and radiation locally and remotely, and why it co-varies with climate conditions. By connecting observations from the airborne measurements to satellite observations and meteorological analyses, the generality of the insights from the field measurements will be tested and tempered. Finally, observational insights will be used to assess the new and emerging generation of climate models whose resolution is fine enough to represent the mesoscale organisation of convection and its interaction with climate. MAESTRO will lead to new experimental techniques for studying atmospheric processes, to an improved conceptualization of the interplay between convective organisation and climate, and to a critical assessment of the new generation of climate models for climate change studies.

Mots-clés : tropical convection,mesoscale organisation,clouds,water vapor,radiation budget,atmospheric processes,convective aggregation,field campaign,climate models