Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : MaPSI (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : University of Bergen — Pays : Norvège — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2000000.0 €

In the development and production of high-temperature geothermal resources, large induced gradients in pressure and temperature during injection operations results in complex dynamics. This includes boiling of geothermal fluids and deformation of the fractured rock, dynamics that are currently not well understood. This provides a core motivation as well as challenging test cases for the mathematical and numerical developments in the MaPSI project. MaPSI has as its main objective to provide mathematical models and simulation technology required to assess subsurface process-structure interaction in the context of hydraulic and thermal stimulation in development and production of high-temperature geothermal resources. This will be achieved by a highly novel and timely research programme which will: - Combine new techniques with recently developed methodology by my own research group to develop unprecedented mathematical and numerical approaches to enable modelling of multiphase flow and phase-change in thermo-poroelastic media with fractures that may slip, deform and propagate; - Advance competences in the main scientific fields involved; and - Improve understanding of coupled processes in development and production of high-temperature geothermal systems towards sustainable exploitation of the resource. The project will provide new mathematical and numerical models along with open-source software that have capabilities in modelling of coupled process-structure interaction in fractured porous media that greatly exceed those of existing platforms. Specific case-studies will assess process-structure interactions for development and production operations in high-temperature geothermal systems, including superheated and supercritical regimes, providing timely contributions to further developments of these resources.

Mots-clés : computational geoscience,mathematical modeling,geothermal energy
Projet ERC : CartographY (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Universe sciences
Entité participante : University of Birmingham — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1496203.0 €

In the epoch of Gaia, fundamental stellar properties will be made widely available for large numbers of stars. These properties are expected to unleash a new wave of discovery in the field of astrophysics. But while many properties of stars are measurable, meaningful Helium abundances (Y) remain elusive and as a result fundamental properties are not accurate. Helium enrichment laws, which underpin most stellar properties, link initial Y to initial metallicity, but these relations are very uncertain with gradients (dY/dZ) spanning the range 1 to 3. This uncertainty is the initial Y problem and this is a bottleneck that must be overcome to unleash the true potential of Gaia. Without measurements of initial Y for all stars we need to find alternative observables that trace out the evolution of initial Y. We will search for better tracers using the power of asteroseismology as a calibrator. Asteroseismic measures of Helium will be used to construct a map from observable properties (fundamental, chemical or even dynamical) back to initial Helium. This is a challenge that can only be solved through the use of the latest asteroseismic techniques coupled to a rigorous yet flexible statistical scheme. I am uniquely qualified in the cutting edge methods of asteroseismology and the application of advanced multi-level statistical models. The intersection of these two skill sets will allow me to solve the initial Helium problem. The motivation for a timely solution to this problem could not be stronger. We have just entered an age of large asteroseismic datasets, vast spectroscopic surveys, and the billion star program of Gaia. The next wave of scientific breakthroughs in stellar physics, exoplanetary science, and Galactic archeology will be held back unless accurate fundamental stellar properties are available. We can only produce these accurate properties with a reliable map of stellar Helium.

Mots-clés : asteroseismology,statistics
Projet ERC : FINEPRINT (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Vienna University of Economics and Business — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : WU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999908.75 €

In the era of globalisation, supply chains are increasingly organised on the international level, thus disconnecting final consumption from the location of material extraction and related environmental and social impacts. Reducing these global impacts – or footprints – of European consumption is a major societal and scientific challenge. Methods to assess teleconnections between distant places of raw material extraction and consumption along global supply chains have improved significantly, with multi-regional input-output (MRIO) analysis being the most prominent method applied. However, the limited spatial resolution of MRIO models distorts footprint calculations, as specific properties of raw materials as well as impacts of extraction can vary significantly within production countries. I therefore propose a new method for the calculation of fine-scale material consumption footprints. It will encompass (1) a spatial assessment of global material extraction on a high-resolution grid and (2) a detailed physical model that tracks raw materials from the location of extraction via international transport facilities to processing industries in importing countries. Integrating this very detailed spatial information with a MRIO model will enable the first fine-scale assessment of European countries’ material footprints, overcoming prevailing aggregation errors in footprint indicators. Furthermore, I will investigate environmental and social impacts related to material footprints through linking the spatially explicit multi-regional material flow model with datasets on impacts related to raw material extraction, such as increasing water scarcity, deforestation and mining conflicts. This project will not only lift the accuracy of footprint models to a new level, but will also open up a range of options for sustainability assessments of specific commodity flows. Building on this knowledge, targeted policy instruments for sustainable product supply chains can be designed.

Mots-clés : consumption based indicators,global material flow analysis,multi regional input output models,impacts of material extraction,international trade,sustainable resource use
Projet ERC : REGENERBONE (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : Institut polytechnique de Grenoble — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Grenoble INP
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 138497.96 €

In the field of orthopedics and maxillo-facial surgeries, there is still no satisfying solution to repair critical size bone defects. Autograft, which is the current gold standard, presents several drawbacks, including prolonged pain on donor site and higher infection risks. It needs to be replaced by efficient, safe and easy-to-use strategies. Some synthetic bone grafts are providing mechanical and osteoconductive properties, but there is a need to introduce a bioactive molecules, such as a growth factor or a peptide, to trigger actively bone repair. These “orthobiologics” products are appealing since they trigger stem cell activation in situ. There are several approved products containing orthobiologics on the market for bone regeneration, but the physiological delivery of orthobiologics remains a challenge: severe adverse effect have been reported due to the supra-physiological dose of biologics used. In addition these product do not provide structural properties which is necessary for critical size defect reconstruction. Ideally the carrier for the bioactive molecules should be appropriate and enable a spatially/temporally-controlled molecules delivery with physiological dose. Our nanomedicine technology consists of an osteoinductive biomimetic films that can be deposited on architectured implant of any shape and material (ceramics, polymers, metals). The aim of REGENERBONE is to advance our technology toward a clinical application in maxilla-facial surgery and orthopedics. This will be done by conducting pre-clinical trials in large animals, doing a market search, securing the sourcing of the film components and building a business model. The successful results we obtained recently in the frame of the ERC BIOMIM and Proof-of-Concept OSCODI are the basis for REGENERBONE, which goes a step beyond in the long process of introducing an innovative medical device to the market in an era of personalized medicine.

Mots-clés : implants,bone repair,nanomedicine,biomimetic coating,personnalized medicine,scaffold,growth factor
Projet ERC : NewMonEc (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : University of Oxford — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1560516.0 €

In the last 25 years, communication has become a core lever of monetary policy. This has important implications for academic research in monetary economics -- an area intrinsically linked to the policy environment. The framework change raises new questions, and we must rethink how we empirically study existing questions. We need new approaches and new data. My ground-breaking research agenda, rooted in important academic questions, comprises of 6 pioneering projects across 3 related themes that emphasise the increasingly-important role of central bank communication in policy. Theme I concerns the fundamental empirical question in monetary economics: what is the effect of monetary policy? Though an old question, two projects innovate by using tools from data science to develop new measures of monetary and information shocks from central bank communication. Three projects in Theme II examine the issue of monetary communication and expectations management. The projects will (i) test, for the first time, the Morris-Shin prediction that communication might overly-coordinate expectations formation; (ii) develop a rich, new high-frequency dataset of expectations for EU countries to enable us to better address the questions in this theme; and (iii) develop new surveys and pioneering research on the role of the communication in affecting expectations of the general public. Theme III examines the complex interaction between monetary policy and uncertainty; monetary policy both reacts to shocks to the economy, but it is also a source of policy uncertainty. We shall develop new indices of each type of uncertainty. This unique combination is central to our being able to understand the complex, but vital, relationship. The novelty of the data and the complexity of analysing communication make this research program highly ambitious. Nonetheless, the importance of developing our academic understanding make this agenda incredibly high-return.

Mots-clés : monetary economics,monetary policy,central bank communication
Projet ERC : GECEM (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : Universidad Pablo de Olavide — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UPO
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499625.0 €

In the last decade the approaches of the global history have been emphasized in order to visualize the progress, form and method which historians have undertaken when carrying out ambitious research projects to analyse and compare diverse geographical and cultural areas of Asia and Europe. But when dealing with comparisons and cross-cultural studies in Europe and Asia, some scholarly works have exceeded of ambiguities when defining geographical units as well as chronology. In this project I examine perceptions and dialogues between China and Europe by analysing strategic geopolitical sites which fostered commerce, consumption and socioeconomic networks between China and Europe through a particular case study: Macau, connecting with South China, and Marseille in Mediterranean Europe. How did foreign merchant networks and trans-national communities of Macau and Marseille operate during the eighteenth century and contribute to somehow transfer respectively European and Chinese socio-cultural habits and forms in local population? What was the degree and channels of consumption of European goods in China and Chinese goods in Europe? These are the main questions to answer during my research to explore the bilateral Sino-European trade relations and how the trans-national dimension of exotic commodities changed tastes by creating a new type of global consumerism. Such concrete comparison can help to narrow the gap that some researchers have created when widely analysing differences between Asia and Europe without a specific geographical and chronological delineation. The major novelty of this project is based on the use of Chinese and European sources to study changes in consumer behaviour. The principal investigator of the project works in China which is and added value for the achievement of outstanding results. So the expected results will bring an obvious breakthrough by adding the specific part of the project in which each team member will work.

Mots-clés : global history,china,europe,consumer behaviour,trans national trade networks
Projet ERC : Machine Vision (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : University of Bergen — Pays : Norvège — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999547.0 €

In the last decade, machine vision has become part of the everyday life of ordinary people. Smartphones have advanced image manipulation capabilities, social media use image recognition algorithms to sort and filter visual content, and games, narratives and art increasingly represent and use machine vision techniques such as facial recognition algorithms, eye-tracking and virtual reality. The ubiquity of machine vision in ordinary peoples’ lives marks a qualitative shift where once theoretical questions are now immediately relevant to the lived experience of ordinary people. MACHINE VISION will develop a theory of how everyday machine vision affects the way ordinary people understand themselves and their world through 1) analyses of digital art, games and narratives that use machine vision as theme or interface, and 2) ethnographic studies of users of consumer-grade machine vision apps in social media and personal communication. Three main research questions address 1) new kinds of agency and subjectivity; 2) visual data as malleable; 3) values and biases. MACHINE VISION fills a research gap on the cultural, aesthetic and ethical effects of machine vision. Current research on machine vision is skewed, with extensive computer science research and rapid development and adaptation of new technologies. Cultural research primarily focuses on systemic issues (e.g. surveillance) and professional use (e.g. scientific imaging). Aesthetic theories (e.g. in cinema theory) are valuable but mostly address 20th century technologies. Analyses of current technologies are fragmented and lack a cohesive theory or model. MACHINE VISION challenges existing research and develops new empirical analyses and a cohesive theory of everyday machine vision. This project is a needed leap in visual aesthetic research. MACHINE VISION will also impact technical R&D on machine vision, enabling the design of technologies that are ethical, just and democratic.

Mots-clés : new media,game studies,cinema studies,photography studies,digital culture,human computer communication,surveillance studies,critical theory,computer vision,selfies,social media
Projet ERC : MEDUSA (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : University of Stuttgart — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1446125.0 €

In the last decades, non-equilibrium effects in fluid and plasma dynamics have become the major topic for the understanding of the physics behind many applications and important industrial fields. These applications include mirco- and nano-technologies along with plasma-based coating processes of nano device fabrication itself, where small dimensions lead to non-eq. effects. But the applications range right up to other key areas, e.g. re-entry flows and flows around satellites, where rarefied gas and high velocities cause non-equilibrium. Furthermore, continuing miniaturization and increase of process energies will lead to non-eq. effects within technologies in the near future e.g. micro- and nano-fabrication, next-generation lithography or various space systems such as electric propulsion or actively electrodynamically shielded re-entry. At the moment, non-eq. is still a perturbing phenomenon, because experimental measurements are complicated and simulation tools are only available for specialised problems due to the complexity. The objective is to progress toward particle-based multiscale methods for thermo-chemical non-eq. gas and plasma flows allowing for the first time simulations of the whole range of high-tech applications and maintaining the competitiveness of European future industry. As the availability of computational resources increases with decreasing prices, particle methods have become a novel attractive, accurate and elegant numerical tool. This project will connect competences in physics, mathematics, chemistry and computational science and extend the open-source code platform PICLas, resulting in a direct benefit for the simulation community. Finally, as a main contributor in the field of particle-based fluid dynamics and the main developer of PICLas, I am confident to establish these novel methods as the state-of-the-art in research and academia as well as to enable their utilization in industrial applications.

Mots-clés : non equilibrium flows,gas kinetics,plasma kinetics,stochastic particle methods
Projet ERC : ROBUST (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : Fondation Jean-Jacques Laffont - Toulouse sciences économiques — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : JJL-TSE
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 982562.0 €

In the last several decades, it has been extensively studied how strategic behavior of economic agents could affect the outcomes of various institutions. Game theory and mechanism design theory play key roles in understanding economic agents' possible behavior in those institutions, its welfare consequences, and how we should design economic institutions to achieve desired social objectives even if the agents behave strategically for their own interests. However, existing studies mostly focus on somewhat narrow classes of economic environments by imposing restrictive assumptions. The proposed projects aim at providing novel theoretical frameworks which enable us to study agents' behavior and desirable institutions under much less assumptions. I believe that the projects have significant relevance in policy recommendation in practice and empirical studies, even though the proposed projects are primarily theoretical. In mechanism design, most papers in the literature focus on environments with independently distributed private information. We propose two novel (robustness-based) approaches to analyze mechanism design in correlated environments, motivated by their practical and empirical relevance. The robustness brought by my approach can be useful to mitigate certain types of misspecifications in mechanism design in practice. Moreover, the desirable robust mechanisms I obtain appear to be more sensible, and hence, can be useful for empirical studies of auction and other mechanism design problems. In game theory, it is often assumed that the game to be played is common knowledge, or even with uncertainty, uncertain variables are assumed to follow a common-knowledge prior .However, in many situations in reality, those do not seem to be satisfied. Our goal is to provide a novel theoretical framework to predict players' behavior in such incompletely specified games, and to identify conditions for (monotone) comparative statics. Both could be useful in empirical studies.

Mots-clés : mechanism design,implementation,auction,robust prediction in games
Projet ERC : REGFUT (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Tata Institute of Social Sciences — Pays : Inde — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : TISS
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 107577.5 €

In the last two decades, an information revolution in the global south has profoundly shaped the urbanisation of metropolitan regions. Global and national initiatives to adopt smart technologies in local governments, with the claim that opportunities presented by digitalisation will resolve the challenges of urbanisation – are now literally automating regional futures. This project will conduct the first comprehensive South-South investigation of the dynamics of digitalisation-as-urbanisation – the transition to automated planning processes in metropolitan regions, and its impacts on regional urbanisation. The project will conduct research in peri-urban municipalities of three rapidly growing metropolitan regions of the global south where municipal digitalisation is directed towards strategic regional planning. These municipalities face major challenges with transforming paper-based colonial and postcolonial bureaucracies into automated planning processes within highly unequal contexts, and therefore represent the wider experience of digitalisation-as-urbanisation in the global south. Through detailed ethnography, interviews and information audit trails in digitalising municipalities, the project will investigate a) the rescaling of governance to the local digitalising state; b) the territorialisation of information infrastructures; and c) territorial politics of digitalisation. It will examine how digitalisation produces new territories for regional urbanisation and how state and non-state actors are assisting, contesting and disrupting these regional futures. It will bring to fruition the applicant’s agenda setting work on postcolonial urban futures, smart cities, digital citizenships and recent work on the governance of small cities in the global south. The project will build new theories and detailed empirical evidence of southern urbanisation as both a product and a producer of the ‘information revolution’ in the global south.

Mots-clés : digitalising state,regional future,urbanisation,information revolution,municipal governance