Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : PhotonICSWARM (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Systems and communication engineering
Entité participante : Ghent University — Pays : Belgique — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UGent
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1990000.0 €

In PhotonICSWARM, I will use silicon photonics technology to build general-purpose, programmable optical chips that rely on topologies of distributed waveguide circuits governed by distributed control algorithms. In silicon photonics, optical signals are transported along waveguides on photonic integrated circuits and processed by elements that filter specific wavelengths or modulate signals. Silicon photonics is the choice technology for high-speed communication links, but also for different types of sensors. However, photonic circuits are still very simple compared to today's electronics, because they use connectivity topologies where light follows a single path. The optical chip concepts I propose in PhotonICSWARM start from radically different topologies, which will allow 1-2 orders of magnitude scaling in complexity. They are based on tightly interconnected, distributed optical signal paths. This high connectivity will enable much more complex optical functions, and to realise these I will apply adaptive, distributed control algorithms. I will explore different optical waveguide concepts: waveguide meshes, phased arrays, lattices of resonators, lateral leakage and 2-D holographic gratings. These will be fabricated on existing state-of-the-art technology platforms, so PhotonICSWARM will rather revolve around the theory, simulation, design and characterisation methodologies. With these distributed photonic circuits I will create programmable photonics that can be applied for many applications, as the optical equivalent of electronic field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA). They can enable on-chip parallel optical signal processing for pattern recognition or real-time encryption of high-bitrate optical data streams. Programmable circuits can speed up the research cycle, taking much less time to test new photonic chip concepts, and over time make integrated photonics accessible to the 'Maker community'.

Mots-clés : photonic integrated circuits,silicon photonics,reconfigurable optics,adaptive systems
Projet ERC : ANTHEA (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : Aarhus University — Pays : Danemark — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : AU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499457.0 €

In a time of accelerating human-caused ecological catastrophe, questions of organizational resilience have become extremely timely. In bringing the archaeological perspective of a 4200-year timespan, ANTHEA seeks to to radically alter our knowledge of resilient forms of self-organisation in past land-use regimes and human-nature entanglements. Based on seven case study areas, ANTHEA will show how collaborative institutions of common land use were organized in the North European heathland regimes (3200 BC-AD 1000), with a particular emphasis on their earliest emergence, their adaption to internal and external factors as well as their ecological, temporal, spatial, and social fabric. More than 4,000 years ago, farming communities across northern Europe began the first fire-based expansion of naturally occurring heather. Pollen evidence suggests that some of these grazing areas, spanning thousands of hectares, existed until the 18th-19th century. Without frequent intervention and management, anthropogenic heathland will turn into forest. So the survival of these areas suggests the existence of highly specialised forms of social organization with the unique capacity to persist. Still, we know little about the actual stability of these heathlands or what caused their unprecedented resilience. By shifting attention away from seeing institutional robustness as equilibrium, stability and continuity and placing the questions of instability, uncertainty, and areal flexibility at the centre, ANTHEA envisages a new cultural history of heathlands that breaks with rooted ideas of these areas being marginal and underdeveloped. ANTHEA is truly multidisciplinary and links landscape and settlement archaeology with paleoenvironmental modelling, social anthropology and philosophy. Moreover, the project introduces a pioneering theoretical and methodological advancement in the temporality of resilience, to be made usable in contemporary land-use policies. The long-term perspective will allow detailed historical trajectories to be established of how common land-use institutions emerged and reorganized according to changing circumstances, challenging the "tragedy of the commons" narrative.

Mots-clés : heathlands,land tenure,resilience,social organisation,common property regimes,time and temporality
Projet ERC : PML-THERAPY (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Inserm
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2400000.0 €

In acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL), retinoic acid (RA) and Arsenic trioxide (As) bind PML/RARA and promote its degradation. Exploring the mechanistic bases for APL response to the RA/As combination, we found that upon PML/RARA degradation the normal PML allele activates a PML/P53 checkpoint absolutely required for APL cure in mice or patients. Physiologically, PML behaves as an oxidative stress sensor and contributes to redox homeostasis. PML organizes nuclear bodies (NBs), domains that recruit multiple client proteins and may facilitate their post-translational modifications (PTM), particularly conjugation of SUMOs. This somehow controls multiple downstream pathways such as P53, but also RB, HIF1A or interferon (IFN). In APL, NB-disruption blunts P53-driven senescence, contributing to oncogenesis and therapy resistance. Critically, PML expression and/or NB-formation are lost upon many viral infections or during cancer development. The mechanism(s) underlying the selective pressure to loose PML expression in multiple cancers remains incompletely understood. Our aim is to mechanistically dissect PML signalling in vivo and therapeutically restore it in malignancies where it is inactivated. We first propose a broad exploration of PML in mice to identify basal and stress-induced PML PTM and identify the repertoire of proteins sumoylated in a PML- dependent manner. We will generate a series of PML knock-in mutant mice and analyse their P53- regulated redox homeostasis. We will mechanistically explore PML/P53-driven senescence in three leukaemia models where we have evidence for basal or therapy-responsive NB-modulation: acute myeloid leukaemia expressing NPMc and IFN-sensitive Tax- or JAK2-driven leukaemias. We will screen chemical libraries for drugs modulating PML expression and/or NB biogenesis. Finally, we will integrate our findings to elaborate innovative therapeutic strategies based on restoration of the PML/P53 checkpoint in leukaemia with unmet medical needs

Mots-clés : sumo,therapeutics,arsenic,interferon,post translational modifications
Projet ERC : Graff-IT (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : University of Padua — Pays : Italie — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UNIPD
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 151608.5 €

In all modern languages, the word ‘graffiti’ is associated with social criticism, protest movements and vandalism. On the contrary, what historians call graffiti is unrelated to transgression. Nonetheless, contemporary and ancient graffiti share one important aspect: both are public writings, produced spontaneously and beyond any control from authorities. Graffiti give us access to the worldview of individuals in the past: this is why they are an important historical source, worthy of being considered, alongside the conventional sources. The Graff-IT project aims to develop a new interdisciplinary approach to the study of medieval and Renaissance graffiti (7th-16th c.) as a historical source, in order to allow a correct contextualization of graffiti within their space-time and social production frame. The project will focus on the following objectives: 1) Giving graffiti full dignity as a written source and asserting the study of graffiti as intrinsic to palaeography; 2) Overcoming the atomistic approach to graffiti, in order to identify new textualities and new languages; 3) Reading graffiti as a source for the history of devotional practices; 4) Interpreting graffiti as signs of the socio-cultural identity of people and places; 5) Exploring graffiti to change our perception of historical artworks, shifting the focus from the creation stage to its social function and use over time. The project will have an innovative and groundbreaking effect on the established method of historical investigation: different perspectives will merge towards an integrated approach that takes the multifaceted complexity of graffiti (writing, image, language, and material aspects) into account. Innovative tools and methods will be used to build out the first national graffiti survey and the related digital Archive. Other outputs are expected: 5 workshops; 2 international conferences and proceedings; a monograph; at least 15 open access articles; a virtual exhibition and a documentary.

Mots-clés : graffiti,public lettering,literacy,historical method,palaeography
Projet ERC : Graff-IT (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : University for Foreigners Perugia — Pays : Italie — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UNISTRAPG
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 115908.68 €

In all modern languages, the word ‘graffiti’ is associated with social criticism, protest movements and vandalism. On the contrary, what historians call graffiti is unrelated to transgression. Nonetheless, contemporary and ancient graffiti share one important aspect: both are public writings, produced spontaneously and beyond any control from authorities. Graffiti give us access to the worldview of individuals in the past: this is why they are an important historical source, worthy of being considered, alongside the conventional sources. The Graff-IT project aims to develop a new interdisciplinary approach to the study of medieval and Renaissance graffiti (7th-16th c.) as a historical source, in order to allow a correct contextualization of graffiti within their space-time and social production frame. The project will focus on the following objectives: 1) Giving graffiti full dignity as a written source and asserting the study of graffiti as intrinsic to palaeography; 2) Overcoming the atomistic approach to graffiti, in order to identify new textualities and new languages; 3) Reading graffiti as a source for the history of devotional practices; 4) Interpreting graffiti as signs of the socio-cultural identity of people and places; 5) Exploring graffiti to change our perception of historical artworks, shifting the focus from the creation stage to its social function and use over time. The project will have an innovative and groundbreaking effect on the established method of historical investigation: different perspectives will merge towards an integrated approach that takes the multifaceted complexity of graffiti (writing, image, language, and material aspects) into account. Innovative tools and methods will be used to build out the first national graffiti survey and the related digital Archive. Other outputs are expected: 5 workshops; 2 international conferences and proceedings; a monograph; at least 15 open access articles; a virtual exhibition and a documentary.

Mots-clés : graffiti,public lettering,literacy,historical method,palaeography
Projet ERC : PLANTSTEMS (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Cellular, Developmental and Regenerative Biology
Entité participante : Heidelberg University — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999000.0 €

In contrast to animals, in which tissue proliferation in adult individuals is often pathological and deleterious, plants have evolved an indefinite growth habit. A remarkable but under-investigated example is the thickening of plant stems and roots: It is a purely postembryonic growth process and the group of stem cells responsible – the cambium – is derived from and embedded in fully differentiated tissues. Consequently, lateral plant growth has to integrate and overcome developmental and physical constraints imposed by participating tissues. This is especially significant in the context of the extracellular matrix, which fixes the position of plant cells relative to each other and provides mechanical support for the plant body. However, how cells sense and modulate their environment during this process is completely unknown. Here, I will leverage the unique growth mode of plants and explore the process of lateral stem growth in the reference plant Arabidopsis thaliana as a paradigm for postembryonic growth and tissue remodelling. Thereby I will address the fundamental question of how cell identities are reprogrammed in vivo and how basic cellular functions like interaction between cells and their matrix contribute to this process. To achieve this I will i) decipher the influence of the extracellular matrix on stem cell activity by cell type-specific modulation of matrix integrity; ii) decode the complex role of brassinosteroid hormones by tuning their activities during stem cell initiation; iii) record cell fate signatures by high-resolution 4-D expression maps for cambium subdomains; and iv) Identify novel signalling cascades connecting the extracellular matrix with underlying cells by forward genetics. Together my results will provide unprecedented insight into lateral stem growth – a process responsible for the accumulation of wood and a large proportion of terrestrial biomass and will reveal fundamental concepts of growth processes in adult organisms.
Projet ERC : NeMoSanctI (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : University of Turin — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UNITO
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1051590.0 €

In cultures with a strong Catholic tradition saints represent models of life perfection, dialectically elaborated by a plurality of subjects and expressed in a thick intertextual network. Since the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965), when the Church promoted a policy of adaptation of her tradition to the modern world, the modeling of sanctity has undergone a deep transformation. In a context of global change, new models of sanctity have assumed a central role in guiding the faithful by proposing a renewed religious alternative to growing secularization. NeMoSanctI intends to study how models of sanctity have changed after the Second Vatican Council and their relationship with the culture of a country exemplum of strong Catholicism: Italy. To this end, it will apply a pioneering semiotic method based on the study of values, which will allow the comparative analysis of a corpus of texts of different genres: - normative texts regulating sanctity emanating from the Church; - judicial texts, i.e. causes of canonization of three famous Italian saints (Padre Pio, Gianna Beretta Molla, and Gerardo Maiella), with a focus on the dialectics between the models proposed by laic witnesses and by ecclesiastic inquirers; - narrative texts, i.e. a sample of popular hagiography about the three saints, of official hagiographic collections, and of Italian literary texts, where the theme of sanctity tends to be unconventionally elaborated and dissociated from Catholic values. Despite its relevance for a deeper understanding of the role of religion in today’s culture, a systematic research on new models of sanctity and on their intertextual codification is still missing. By carrying out this research and by proposing an innovative semiotic method for the analysis of models of life perfection, NeMoSanctI will have a significant impact on numerous disciplines, especially semiotics, religious and cultural studies, critical studies of hagiography and canon law, literary and Italian studies.

Mots-clés : semiotics,italian literature,religious studies,italian studies
Projet ERC : CONT-END (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : Leiden University Medical Center — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : LUMC
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1988972.0 €

In dementia at the end of life, cognitive and physical decline imply that control is typically lost. CONT-END will examine control in the context of three emerging interventions which contain a controversial element of striving for control in the process of dying with dementia: advance care planning of the end of life, use of new technology to monitor symptoms when unable to self-report, and euthanasia. To perform outstanding research, the proposed research examines control at the level of clinical practice, but also at the level of end-of-life research practice. The latter provides ample opportunities for researchers to control the research process. That is, research designs are often flexible and we will study if and how this impacts research in an emotionally charged area. I will take an empirical mixed-methods approach to study the two practices in parallel. The work is organised in three related Work Packages around three research questions. (1) In a 6-country study, I will examine if and when people with dementia, family caregivers and physicians (900 respondents) find the interventions, shown on video, acceptable. (2) A cluster-randomised 3-armed controlled trial in 279 patients and their family caregivers assesses effects of two types of advance care planning differing in level of control (detailed advance treatment orders versus goal setting and coping based) on outcomes ranging from favourable to less favourable, and whether effects differ in subgroups. Cases in which the technology is preferred or applied are observed. (3) Ethnographic fieldwork in two different end-of-life research practices and a Delphi study to synthesize CONT-END’s findings assess how researchers shape findings. This greatly improves the quality of CONT-END and provides the input to develop new methodology for improving research quality and integrity.

Mots-clés : end of life,palliative care,dementia,death and dying,methodology,research integrity
Projet ERC : VISUAL_SCEPTICISM (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : Universität Hamburg — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UHH
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2369431.0 €

In early summer 2020, numerous monuments around the world were demolished after the death of George Floyd. The iconoclastic acts raise the pressing question of how this historical legacy should be dealt with. In a publication of the same name, Norbert Huse, a conservator of cultural heritage, spoke of "uncomfortable monuments" in this context. Since monuments of fascism and colonialism in particular also express the inhuman ideology of the regimes aesthetically, the frequently chosen solution of placing an information board next to the monument is not convincing, since in this way the effectiveness of this rhetoric in public space remains unchallenged. With the concept of "visual scepticism", the project proposes a different approach to these monuments. The monuments are to be aesthetically re-framed without completely erasing them from historical memory. The project therefore pursues three goals: Firstly, the concept of "visual skepticism" is to be explored to fundamentally examine whether and how visual media are capable of calling themselves into doubt. How do they succeed in generating insight with the help of inner contradictions. The thesis is that this form of knowledge production takes place on a purely visual level. It will be analysed how images can generate inner tensions and operate with dialogical structures that release knowledge. Secondly, monuments of colonialism will be examined in order to find out how this memory becomes effective for the public not only in terms of content but also aesthetically. This aesthetic appeal to the viewer's experience of space and his or her bodily senses will be analysed in detail. Thirdly, monuments that have been successfully re-framed will be discussed to show how artistic interventions have found aesthetic answers to inhuman ideologies.
Projet ERC : TUCAS (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Physical and analytical chemical sciences
Entité participante : TU Wien — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : TUW
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1884468.04 €

In heterogeneous catalysis surfaces decorated with uniformly dispersed, catalytically highly active particles are a key requirement for excellent performance. One of the main tasks in catalysis research is the continuous improvement or development of catalytically active materials. An emerging concept in catalyst design, and the aim of this project, is to selectively and reversibly tune and modify the surface chemistry by electrochemical polarisation. Perovskite-type catalysts raise the opportunity to incorporate guest elements as dopants. Upon electrochemical polarisation these dopants emerge from the oxide lattice to form catalytically active clusters or nanoparticles on the surface (by exsolution). In consequence this leads to a strong modification or enhancement of catalytic selectivity and activity. Electrochemical polarisation offers the possibility to adjust the surface chemistry in response to an external signal (here the applied voltage). Studies in a realistic catalytic reaction environment (in-situ) will enable a direct correlation of surface structure with catalytic activity, selectivity and the electrochemical stimulation. The unique combination of surface science, heterogeneous catalysis and electrochemistry will take this research to a new ground-breaking level. No research group has yet tried to tackle this topic on a fundamental mechanistic level by this multidisciplinary approach. The proposed project opens unprecedented possibilities for catalyst design and in-situ control due to the versatility of perovskite-type catalyst materials and dopant elements. Nanoparticle exsolution is a highly time- and cost-efficient way of catalyst preparation and it will offer solutions to major problems in heterogeneous catalysis, such as ageing (sintering) or catalyst deactivation (coking). Tuneable catalyst surfaces will facilitate tackling a major concern of the 21st century, the utilisation of CO2 and its conversion to renewable fuel.

Mots-clés : in situ,exsolution,tunning catalytic activity,perovskite,dopant