Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : IMAGINE adaptation (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Human Mobility, Environment, and Space
Entité participante : Basque Centre for Climate Change — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : BC3
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499775.0 €

Impacts of climate change are happening as a result of extreme temperatures, sea-level rise, storm surges or droughts. Communities and governments across the globe are preparing through actions to increase climate resilience. However, progress made to date to adapt is still poorly understood and tracked due to a lack of theoretical understanding and means to evaluate how well the world is adapting. Further barriers are unclear goals and metrics for adaptation in the absence of a shared definition of successful adaptation. Finding a response to this question is at the core of the international climate debate and has particular significance at the local level where assets and lives of millions of people are at risk. 'IMAGINE adaptation' addresses the imperative of how to evaluate adaptation in urban areas as a contemporary complex phenomenon with implications across governance scales. The current focus on policy progress can be useful as a first step, but it is not indicative of effective adaptation. A broader understanding of success in adaptation is required: one that transcends technocratic approaches and considers equity, justice and maladaptive issues. Through 'IMAGINE adaptation', I aim to respond to four timely and ambitious objectives: First, I will revisit and reformulate the concept of successful adaptation using expert and local views (Objective 1, O1). Second, I will explore trends and needs regarding monitoring and evaluation and how these may enable or hinder adaptation (O2). Third, I will participate and learn from local adaptation evaluation practices through a comparative case study research across 12 urban areas worldwide (O3). Finally, I will discuss how evaluations of local progress can inform global goals (O4). The outputs of this project will be a reference for future adaptation assessment studies and will pioneer the understanding of the ways to enable far-reaching transformative urban adaptation through processes of evaluation and learning.

Mots-clés : climate change adaptation,urban areas,urban policy and planning,urban adaptation,monitoring and evaluation,indicators and metrics,local knowledge,learning,justice and equity,succesful adaptation,effective adaptation,maladaptation,decision making,environmental governance,climate policy
Projet ERC : RE-CON-SENT (Horizon Europe, appel 2025, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Université Charles de Prague — Pays : Rép. Tchèque — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1341800.0 €

Consistent sentencing is a cornerstone of modern rule-of-law criminal justice systems. To enable judges to consider diverse circumstances at sentencing, legal frameworks provide judges with discretion (some countries also supply guidelines to increase consistency). The challenge is to provide judges with the right amount of discretion and guidance. This can be done in various ways, but there has not yet been any comprehensive assessment of these or of the limits they set across continental Europe. Attempts to evaluate the disparity of judicial practices run into the difficulty of identifying comparable cases. Typical sentencing studies consider behaviours to be the same if they fall within the same legal offence definition. However, each offence encompasses a wide range of behaviours, which impedes proper identification of disparities.  This project will redefine our understanding of sentencing discretion and its application by making a complex assessment of discretion within three dimensions: legal frameworks, judicial practices, and guidelines. I will analyse and classify approaches to structuring discretion in every European continental legal framework and quantify their discretion and punitivity. I will combine innovative data and methods – thorough court descriptions of criminal behaviour and natural language processing – with detailed administrative data to examine sentencing practices in two similar, yet also different countries: Finland and Czechia. I will design European guidelines for a single jurisdiction currently not employing them and experimentally evaluate their overall effectiveness, mechanisms and punitivity.  By deconstructing sentencing along these three dimensions and examining each in detail, I will paint a holistic picture of sentencing discretion, its extent, how it is structured across Europe, and its impact on punitiveness. The project will open multiple new research pathways and counterbalance the prevailing common-law-centric discourse.

Mots-clés : sentencing courts punishment discretion disparity guidelines
Projet ERC : MATERIALIZE (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Human Mobility, Environment, and Space
Entité participante : Forschungszentrum Jülich — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : FZJ
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499948.0 €

The urgent need for a global energy transformation requires major and rapid shifts in energy technologies, accompanied by changes in material demand and supply, which can potentially result in material bottlenecks. Despite great interest from policy and research, current approaches fail to account for key drivers of material bottlenecks, such as: (i) new material demands of specific energy technologies (e.g. iridium for electrolysis), (ii) phased-out material supply (e.g. gypsum from fossil power plants), (iii) competing material demand beyond the energy system (e.g. iridium for smartphones), and (iv) limits in material availability and disposability (e.g. recyclability, carbon-neutral waste handling) resulting in an underestimation of bottlenecks, while even more importantly integrated mitigation strategies are not investigated at all. MATERIALIZE will generate this urgently needed new holistic understanding about how these drivers can affect the global energy transformation and which mitigation strategies are best suited to pave the way towards a material realizable energy transformation. The key novelty of MATERIALIZE will be to transform elements of the yet disparate fields of energy and material system modelling at unprecedented levels of detail into one innovative interdisciplinary, scalable, nested, and prospective model framework. MATERIALIZE aims to conduct boundary-pushing research on the global scale of the whole energy system with 3 objectives: (i) unveil potential material bottlenecks, (ii) identify alternatives navigating these, and (iii) assess the impacts of alternatives on the energy and material systems. The deeply advanced understanding of the energy-material nexus will produce timely insights about most robust transformation pathways, which will ultimately open up new frontiers to develop new alternatives and navigation strategies and to explore spatially-explicit economic and political implications of a material realizable energy transformation.

Mots-clés : energy system analysis,material flow analysis,scenarios,system modeling,carbon neutral,material bottlenecks,energy transformation,prospective studies
Projet ERC : Genies (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth System Science
Entité participante : Forschungszentrum Jülich — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : FZJ
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1450931.0 €

With the European Green Deal and its goal to reach net zero greenhouse gas emissions in Europe by 2050, the increased use of the subsurface is inevitable. The large-scale exploitation of the subsurface for storage (e.g., gases) and extraction activities (e.g., geothermal energy) will create large scale perturbations which can destabilize the rock and allow leakage of contaminants into groundwater. Therefore, we need a sound understanding of coupled hydro-geochemical processes arising from such activities, as well as tools to predict these impacts reliably. Reactive Transport Modeling (RTM) has so far proven to be the most powerful tool to track the fate of subsurface contaminants from laboratory up to geological timescales. However, the simplistic approaches to describe the gas-water-mineral interactions in RTM do not accurately capture the complex processes in geological environments, as they do not consider relevant processes that take place at the microscopic scale. These processes need to be upscaled (integrated) into RTM. This requires detailed insights into mineral crystallization processes involving gas in confined porous media, particularly (i) coupled mineral dissolution and precipitation with gas generation and (ii) mineral nucleation at the water-gas interface, since both affect the transport properties and mineralogical reactivity of the rock matrix. Genies will integrate cutting-edge lab-on-a-chip, i.e., miniaturized (microfluidic) experiments with advanced, in operando, micro-analytical techniques and an interdisciplinary environment to provide the insights needed for upscaling. This project will provide high-fidelity experimental datasets that will bring new theoretical insights into hydro-geochemical processes involving gases. The resulting extended RTM will allow reliable modeling of the fate of contaminants and consequently reduce uncertainty when assessing the integrity of subsurface storage and extraction systems.

Mots-clés : reactive transport,mineral crystallization,nucleation,porous media
Projet ERC : NoSHADE (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Universe Sciences
Entité participante : Université Humboldt de Berlin — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1762723.0 €

Throughout Earth’s history our planet was subject to cosmic tempers that occasionally impacted global climate and biological evolution but almost always left their traces behind. Individual large impactors leave craters as footprints. Cosmic events in our Solar System, such as asteroid collisions or cometary sublimation, eject vast amounts of interplanetary dust particles, which also encounter Earth, but more quietly. They become part of sedimentary records in the form of micrometeorites or dispersed as atoms if evaporated during atmospheric entry. Furthermore, within our solar neighbourhood (50-150 pc) tens of star explosions, i.e., supernovae, occurred within the last >10 Myr. Their expanding shock fronts containing interstellar dust swept across our Solar System and a small but measurable fraction made its way to Earth. The overarching goal of NoSHADE is to collect traces of cosmic dust from Atacama Desert sedimentary records reaching back >10 Myr and link them to specific cosmic events. The main cosmic traces to be investigated are micrometeorites as well as radionuclides derived from interplanetary and interstellar dust (10Be, 26Al, 53Mn, 60Fe), which will be measured using the most advanced accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) facilities available worldwide. Such an unprecedented >10 Myr-spanning record of multiple cosmic tracers will allow NoSHADE to shed light on two central and pressing questions: What was the quantity, timing, location, and type of supernovae having occurred in our solar neighbourhood? Which were the major dust-producing events and processes having taken place in our Solar System? The answers to these questions are not only fascinating by themselves and tell us what kind of dust and debris Earth encountered in space over the past Myr, but they will also allow to clarify if cosmic tempers during the last >10 Myr had an impact on Earth’s history and potentially altered the climate or the path of biological evolution.

Mots-clés : supernovae,micrometeorites,accelerator mass spectrometry
Projet ERC : OCAPi (Horizon Europe, appel 2025, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Universe Sciences
Entité participante : Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CEA
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499913.0 €

Distorted by the gravity of cosmic structures, galaxy shapes can answer the biggest questions in cosmology: How do cosmic structures form? What is the nature of dark energy and dark matter?  While the cosmological model succeeds at explaining a wide range of observations, it relies on two components whose nature remains unknown: dark matter and dark energy. Moreover, weak lensing surveys have found that the Universe is more homogeneous than expected from the cosmic microwave background, indicating a tension between observations. Resolving this tension and understanding the dark components of the Universe are the most pressing challenges of cosmology today. The Euclid mission and the Rubin Observatory will observe the positions and shapes of billions of galaxies with unprecedented precision. These data have the potential to revolutionise our understanding of dark energy and detect deviations from the cosmological model. However, standard analyses discard large amounts of information in the data. To realise the full potential of these surveys, we urgently need more advanced data analysis techniques. The OCAPi project will develop cutting-edge methods to make optimal use of these surveys, delivering the most precise constraints on the cosmological parameters from Euclid data. By analysing lensing maps at the pixel level, OCAPi will capture all the information in the data and increase the precision of the cosmological constraints, yielding marginal errors up to a factor 5 better than standard techniques. OCAPi will move this innovative approach from its proof-of-concept to the full application to Euclid data to investigate the cosmology tension, constrain dark energy models and generate probabilistic mass maps of the Universe. Making optimal use of one of the most powerful cosmological datasets, OCAPi will advance our understanding of the dark components of the Universe and the formation of cosmic structures, setting new benchmarks for cosmological analysis.

Mots-clés : field level analysis,euclid,high order statistics,mass mapping
Projet ERC : DrumS (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Condensed Matter Physics
Entité participante : Institut Jožef Stefan — Pays : Slovénie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : IJS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1446893.75 €

The DrumS project will establish a new paradigm for stabilizing exotic non-thermal states by weakly driving quantum many-body systems. Present research theoretically predicts peculiar non-thermal states in fine-tuned models with additional symmetries, for example, in integrable models with macroscopically many conservation laws. However, these models and their exact symmetries cannot be accurately realized in solid-state experiments. My hypothesis is that weak driving can boost the underlying symmetries in realistic setups and have a substantial effect on quantities protected by approximate symmetries, for example, on approximately conserved operators. The basic idea can be illustrated with a greenhouse, where windows ensure approximate conservation of energy. A weak driving by sun can have a considerable effect as it only compensates for the weak losses and stabilizes a high temperature that is not proportional to the drive. The ambitious goal of DrumS is to demonstrate that a strong response to a weak drive is a generic property of setups where driving compensates for weak symmetry breaking perturbations and stabilizes large expectation values of potentially useful quantities. While state of the art studies consider detrimental effects of perturbations, DrumS will turn approximate symmetries into a resource for novel out-of-equilibrium phenomena and technological applications. The theoretical program will promote the practical significance of fascinating idealized models, such as integrable, many-body localized, and lattice gauge theories. Driving protocols will compensate unavoidable integrability and gauge breaking to realize peculiar energy, spin and particle transport or synchronize resonant states into a superconducting response. DrumS will grow a new branch of non-linear phenomena, with exciting possibilities for realization in condensed matter experiments, synthetic quantum simulators, and other areas of physics where symmetries play a fundamental role.

Mots-clés : out of equilibrium many body quantum systems,anomalous transport,driven dissipative systems,integrability,many body localization,lattice gauge theories,quantum scars,open systems,quantum simulators
Projet ERC : DISCOVER (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer Science and Informatics
Entité participante : École nationale des ponts et chaussées — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ENPC
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1493498.75 €

The goal of this project is to shift the dominant paradigm of learning-based computer vision: instead of systems attempting to replace human interpretation by providing predictions, we will develop approaches to assist experts in identifying and analyzing patterns. Indeed, while the success of deep learning on visual data is undeniable, applications are often limited to the supervised learning scenario where the algorithm tries to infer a label for a new image based on the annotations made by experts in a reference dataset. In contrast, we will take as input images without any annotation, automatically identify consistent patterns and model their variation and evolution, so that an expert can more easily analyze them.  I will introduce and develop the concept of visual structures. Their key features will be their interpretability, in terms of correspondences, deformations, or properties of the observed images, and their ability to incorporate prior knowledge about the data and expert feedback. I propose two complementary approaches to formally define and identify visual structures: one based on analyzing correspondences, the other on learning interpretable image models.  We will develop visual structures in two domains in which breakthrough progress will open up new scientific discoveries: historical documents and Earth imagery. For example, from temporal series of multispectral Earth images, we will identify types of moving objects, areas with different types of vegetation or constructions, and model the evolution of their characteristics, which may correspond to changes in their activity or life cycle. Ultimately, experts will still be needed to select relevant visual structures and perform analysis, but DISCOVER will revolutionize their work, trivializing tedious annotation tasks and even allowing them to work on issues they would have been hard-pressed to identify in the raw data.

Mots-clés : unsupervised learning deep learning object discovery application to historical documents application to earth observations
Projet ERC : SUMOwriteNread (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Molecules of Life: B iological  Mechanisms , Structures  and Functions
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1493515.0 €

Protein post-translational modification with small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMO1, -2, and -3), also known as SUMOylation, targets a third of human proteins, is essential for organisms from yeast to humans, and has strong links to cancer and neurodegeneration. Like ubiquitylation, to which it is related, SUMOylation typically depends on the action of enzymes called E3 ligases, which help determine substrate specificity and the exact signal that is produced. However, while for ubiquitylation several hundred E3s are known, no more than two dozen SUMO-specific E3s have been described and only four characterised structurally in a way that reveals their mechanism. Intriguingly, the SUMO E3 ligase activity keeps being detected in proteins that are unrelated to each other and sometimes can be mapped to apparent disordered regions. In the first part of this project, I will explore the poorly charted territory of SUMO writing by elucidating the structure and mechanism of some known SUMO E3 ligases for which the mechanism is unclear. This analysis will serve as a stepping stone to proposing computational, chemical biology, and structural biology approaches to identifying and characterising new SUMO E3s. In the second part, I will investigate downstream consequences of SUMOylation. Following attachment to a protein substrate, SUMOylation is thought to function as a “molecular glue” by promoting formation of protein complexes with specific SUMO “readers”, but detailed structural and biochemical information is lacking for any of such putative assemblies. To address this topic, I will develop strategies to identify and characterise SUMO-dependent complexes. The new tools, approaches, and knowledge about SUMO writing and reading will be broadly applicable to pathways regulated by SUMOylation, allowing their understanding in molecular and mechanistic terms. The study will also explore general concepts in protein evolution and evolutionary emergence of signalling systems.

Mots-clés : protein post translational modification,ptm,ubiquitin like modification,sumoylation,sumo,e3 ligase,sumo e3 ligase,parp1,activity based probe,protein structure and function,protein evolution,click chemistry,x ray crystallography,cryo electron microscopy,structural modelling