Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : AlCHIMIE (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499800.0 €

Over the last decade, major environmental concerns, a growing worldwide population and an increasing energy demand, combined with the depletion of natural resources, have become crucial issues. Sustainable chemistry-ably to supply society with key chemical products in an eco-compatible manner-has therefore rapidly become an urgent challenge. The AlCHiMIE aims at providing new solutions towards this important defy by developing a set of complementary approaches to convert hydrocarbons, the simplest feedstock, into high value-added chiral alkanes-essential building blocks for medicinal chemistry. Two approaches are thus proposed. First, undirected, metal-free functionalization of hydrocarbons will be achieved by means of regio- and stereo-selective hypervalent bromine-enabled C-H functionalization. This unique reactivity will be attaint by discovering a largely uncharted, yet extremely appealing field of bromanes. The second approach concerns earth-abundant metal-catalyzed C(sp3)-H activation. To obviate the inherent difficulties of this field, namely the low reactivity of alkanes and arduous stereoinduction while using 3d metals, I will develop bifunctional ligands for Co- and Ni-catalyzed C-H activation. In addition to the role of metal coordination, these ligands featuring a second coordinating motif, will enhance the metallation event and will promote the substrate’s activation, thus unlocking the door towards previously inaccessible modes of reactivity. The combination of both strategies will allow unprecedented hydrocarbon valorization by means of undirected, hypervalent bromine-enabled first functionalization followed by exploiting the newly installed coordinating motif to promote directed, asymmetric Co- and Ni-catalyzed C-H activations. Finally, I will also endeavor in establishing new reactivities arising from the application of diversely substituted hypervalent bromines as coupling partners in enantioselective Co- and Ni-catalyzed C-H activations.

Mots-clés : c h activation,direct functionalization,bifunctional ligands,3d metals,bromonium,hypervalent,asymmetric catalysis
Projet ERC : MW_INEQ (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : University of Liverpool — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 95987.5 €

Over the last two decades, wage and income inequality have increased sharply in most developed countries which is causing ever greater concern in the economic and political debate. A central challenge for policymakers is to develop measures that can simultaneously improve the distribution of economic resources and also foster economic growth. In our proposed research, we will study the effectiveness of a particular prominent instrument to achieve this goal - the minimum wage. First, we will provide a comprehensive assessment of how minimum wages affect the allocation of resources. We will examine whether minimum wages improve the efficiency of worker-firm sorting by reallocating workers to more efficient firms, how an increase in mandated wage floors ripples through the wage distribution and affects job flows among firms, and how the policy affects the assortativity of firm-to-firm relationships. Second, we will look at the impact of the minimum wage on different groups in the population by studying its effect on the allocation of jobs among immigrant and native workers. Recent research suggests that there is a link between inequality and intergenerational mobility but whether public policies that alleviate inequality can also contribute to higher intergenerational mobility remains an open question. To fill this gap in the literature, we will study the effect of minimum wages on maternal labour supply, on child development and eventually on intergenerational mobility. The comprehensive agenda outlined in this proposal therefore addresses a more general call for understanding the roots of inequality and for unbundling the structure of low-wage labour markets. We will achieve this by exploiting a combination of high-quality data, unique policy changes and richer models that explicitly consider the role of firms, their wage setting power, and the networks they are operating in.

Mots-clés : minimum wages,allocation of labor,inequality,productivity,intergenerational mobility
Projet ERC : ChronosAntibiotics (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy
Entité participante : Universidade Nova de Lisboa — Pays : Portugal — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : NOVA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2533500.0 €

Over the next 35 years, antibiotic resistant bacteria are expected to kill more than 300 million people. The need to find alternative strategies for antimicrobial therapies remains a global challenge with several bottlenecks in the antibiotic discovery process. Using Staphylococcus aureus, the most common multidrug-resistant bacterium in the European Union and an excellent model organism for cell division in cocci, we propose: (i) to find new pathways to re-sensitize resistant bacteria. Bacteria undergo major morphology changes during the cell cycle. We hypothesize that these changes generate windows of opportunity during which bacteria are more susceptible or more tolerant to the action of antibiotics. We will identify key regulators of the cell cycle in order to manipulate the duration of windows of opportunity for the action of existing antibiotics. (ii) to develop new fluorescence-based reporters for whole-cell screenings of antimicrobial compounds with new modes of action, including compounds that arrest or delay the cell cycle; compounds that target non-essential pathways that are required for expression of resistance against existing antibiotics and therefore can be used as synergistic drugs for combination therapies; compounds that inhibit the production of virulence factors and compounds that revert persister states that are phenotypically resistant to antibiotics. (iii) to unravel new modes of action of antibiotics by using the constructed reporter strains as powerful tools to learn how antibiotics act at the single cell level. Over the past years, my group has become expert on the biology of S. aureus, has constructed powerful biological tools to study cell division and synthesis of the cell surface and has studied mechanisms of action of various antimicrobial compounds. We are therefore in a privileged position to quickly unravel the function of new players in the bacterial cell cycle and simultaneously contribute to accelerate antibiotic discovery.

Mots-clés : staphylococcus aureus,bacterial cell cycle,antibiotic resistance,cell biology
Projet ERC : ConflictNET (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : University of Oxford — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499450.0 €

Over the next five years an unprecedented number of initiatives will coalesce, contributing to an extension of the reach of the Internet to the world’s most remote regions. While previous efforts to expand Internet access have focused on urban areas, current initiatives are leveraging new technologies from drones to satellites to provide affordable access to the worlds poorest, many of whom are in Africa and live in regions where the state is weak and there is protracted violent conflict. Current debates have largely focused on technical issues of improving access, or assumed ways that technology will help ‘liberate’ populations or improve governance. This project focuses on a key puzzle that is often overlooked: How does increased access to social media affect the balance between peace-building efforts and attempts perpetuate violence in conflict-affected communities? With a focus on Africa (and particularly on religious and political violence in Eastern Africa), this project will investigate the relationship between social media and conflict through three research questions at the macro, meso and micro level: how are social media altering the transnational dimensions of conflict and peacebuilding? How are public authorities reacting to, and appropriating, social media to either encourage violence or promote peace? And in what ways are social media changing the way people experience, participate in, or respond to violent conflict? It will examine these questions in the context of dangerous speech online; the exit and entry of individuals away from, and into, conflict; the tactics and strategies actors adopt to shape the Internet; and how governance actors are leveraging social media in conflict-affected communities.

Mots-clés : social media,africa,media and conflict,refugees,transnational politics
Projet ERC : TransCause (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : Hebrew University of Jerusalem — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : HUJI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1217143.75 €

Over the past 25 years, knowledge of the origins, evolution and diversity of our species has increased dramatically. Yet, the behavioural mechanisms enabling their global expansion and ability to cope with ever-increasing ecological diversity are still not fully explored. Armenia, a little studied biodiversity hotspot of Eurasia, is an ideal natural laboratory for testing models of climatic impact on hominin settlement patterns and population dynamics due to its location at the crossroads of the Pleistocene hominin world. TransCause aims to expand the framework of population dynamics by building an intra-regional comparative database of Paleolithic occupations incorporating biological evolution of macro-and micro mammals using ancient DNA, as well as establishing refined environmental frameworks. The TransCause project focuses on two main research questions, what are the impacts of long-term climatic and environmental changes on hominin behavioural repertoire and population dynamics? And what are the adaptations of Pleistocene hominins to changing seasonal resource availability in the landscapes of Armenia? Past hunter-gatherer’s social networks would be studied as a possible solution for populations coping with such terrains. The results of the project will test the presence or absence of population resilience over time; moreover, it will evaluate hypotheses on hominin behavioural responses to variation in resource availability using multi-scalar models; ultimately, those results will examine and compare the population dynamics of humans, large mammals and small mammals against the backdrop of paleoenvironmental oscillations. Examining the ecological tipping point of survival in both hominids and mammals will change the way in which we grasp hominin population dynamics. This project will be of pivotal importance for understanding the economic, demographic and social mechanisms behind the behavioural elasticity which enabled our species to expand globally.
Projet ERC : IneqPol (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : University of Zurich — Pays : Suisse — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UZH
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1008665.0 €

Over the past decades, many developed countries have seen considerable increases in income and wealth inequality. Political and economic arguments for and against offsetting this rise in inequality have been put forward. This research program aims at informing this debate by developing new models that capture these trends and by analyzing their optimal policy implications, both theoretically and quantitatively. The goal is to bring together approaches from public economics, labor economics, macroeconomics, and political economy to explore whether rising inequality necessitates institutional responses and, if so, which ones. This project will shed light on this question from the following three related angles: (1) The changing nature of labor markets and its implications for inequality and tax policy. This part will focus on technological progress (e.g. the replacement of routine tasks) and shifts in the sectoral composition of the economy (e.g. the rise of finance) and what this means for the taxation of labor incomes, profits, and the desirability of basic income policies. (2) The intergenerational dynamics of inequality and the design of tax and public spending policies to promote economic mobility. We will develop a normative framework for optimal policies that balance both equality of opportunity principles and efficient parental sorting based on preference heterogeneity over public spending (e.g. on schools). (3) Wealth inequality and its implications for the political economy of tax policy. This part will incorporate capital taxation into the analysis and explore how it can help promote political stability, both when equilibrium taxes depend on the distribution of wealth in society and, conversely, when political influence correlates with wealth. This research project aims both to develop new theoretical tools and to implement them empirically, with an emphasis on the implications for the design of real-world tax policies.

Mots-clés : tax policy,wealth and income inequality,labor markets,intergenerational mobility,political economy
Projet ERC : Mars through time (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Universe sciences
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2383508.75 €

Over the past decades, the robotic exploration of the planet Mars has produced a wealth of geological observations. They show that Mars has not always been the desert planet of today. It has seen eras conducive to rivers and lakes, ice ages, and even periods with a collapsed atmosphere. These different epochs are the reason why Mars remains the objective of space agencies, as they evoke the possibility of past habitability and spectacular climate changes. Yet, in spite of all the data, the climatic processes that have shaped Mars’ surface through time remain largely unknown. What happened on Mars? Was the Red Planet suitable for life? What explains its evolution? The objective of this project is to develop numerical models to simulate the past environments of Mars.A completely new “Mars Evolution Model” will be created by asynchronously coupling hydrology, glacial flows and ground ice models with a new generation 3D Global Climate Model (GCM). This GCM will be derived from the one that we have previously designed to simulate present day Mars. We will radically update it using new technologies to represent the details of the surface as well as all the processes that affected Mars when its environment evolved because of the oscillations of its orbit and obliquity, during changes in the atmospheric composition, or through events like meteoritic impacts or volcanic eruptions. Notably, we will highlight the last ten millions years that have been recorded in the polar layered deposits, whose formation will be simulated for the first time realistically. These new tools will address numerous enigmas found in Mars sciences. They will also offer a new platform to study specific processes such as the atmospheric escape through time or the chemical alteration of the soil. Furthermore, the project will test our capacity to model planetary environments and climate changes, as well as provide lessons on the evolution of terrestrial planets and the possibility of life elsewhere.

Mots-clés : climate modelling  paleoclimates  planet mars
Projet ERC : uNIQUE (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Systems and communication engineering
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999900.0 €

Over the past thirty years, the remarkable technological advances in microfabrication processes have thrust mechanical vibrations into the quantum realm. The intrinsic coherence of mechanical motion and the capability to couple it to other physical degrees of freedom hold promises of scalable hybrid quantum platforms. But mechanical vibrations are also powerful conveyors of physical information. They are ubiquitously used in wireless communication systems, where bulk and surface acoustic wave (BAW and SAW) devices are prevalent. Their high achievable quality factors and frequencies, as well as their low propagation speed, are appropriate ingredients for information processing: they are synonymous of storage and delay. Recent works have shown that SAW could be operated in the single-phonon regime, potentially behaving as a quantum bus between solid-state qubits. The proposed approaches, however, do not yet take advantage of wave propagation management at the substrate surface itself. The uNIQUE project aims at the development of an all-electro-acousto-mechanical quantum information platform exploiting the full potential offered by surface acoustic waves in the single-phonon regime, and by mechanical resonators beyond the standard quantum limit. It adopts a yet unexplored approach at the crossing of phononics, nanomechanics and quantum acoustics to yield a fully coherent mechanical playground that can be used at the interface with other solid-state or photon qubits or as an independent quantum signal processing system. It will exploit the substrate surface to prepare and transfer non-classical states of motion of surface-coupled phononic resonators with the utmost ambition to encode the state information in a travelling single-phonon, allowing remote entanglement. This platform will allow manipulating quantum states in exceedingly compact systems driven by a sheer radio-frequency signal.

Mots-clés : micro nano electromechanical systems,phononics,acoustics,quantum information processing
Projet ERC : HINBOTS (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology — Pays : Suisse — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ETH Zurich
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1998720.0 €

Over the past two decades researchers have been working to create synthetic small-scale machines ranging from molecular entities or miniaturized structures, to more complex assemblies of micro- and nanomaterials. These machines are able to navigate in complex environments by harvesting fuel from the surrounding media or from external power sources. One of the most sought-after applications for these miniaturized machines is to perform minimally invasive interventions, in which these devices will ultimately reduce risk, cost, and discomfort compared to conventional interventions. This has driven researchers to produce a myriad of small-scale robots loaded with therapeutic cargo. While recent research has demonstrated the potential of these devices in animal models, a number of challenges remain in moving small-scale robots into the operating theatre. Here, we propose highly integrated nanorobots capable of realizing several functions on-demand by capitalizing on recent developments in small-scale robotics, multiferroics, supramolecular chemistry, and gated materials. These nanorobots will integrate a porous inorganic active chassis made of a piezoelectric or a magnetoelectric multiferroic that will host therapeutic agents, with redox or electroresponsive supramolecular gates that will control the release of payloads. We will demonstrate for the first time that redox- and electroresponsive supramolecular machinery grafted onto the surface of piezoelectric or multiferroic platforms can be remotely controlled by means of a piezoelectrochemical potential triggered by acoustic and magnetic fields. The ultimate goal of this research consists of creating smart multifunctional nanorobots, which will act on affected sites of the central nervous system by delivering therapeutic agents and electrostimulating the rewiring of neural circuitry.

Mots-clés : nanotechnology,nanorobotics,biomedical applications
Projet ERC : RomaInterbellum (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : University of St Andrews — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2433985.0 €

Over the past two decades the Roma issue has become one of the most current topics in European public space and also became especially relevant in academia. Despite of this there are still not researched topics, such as history of the Roma in the period between WWI and WWII, and the appearance and development of social and political projects proposed by Roma. The present proposal has the ambitious goal to fill in this gap. The departing point of the research is the circumstances that Roma are not a hermetically isolated social and cultural system. They exist in two dimensions, both as separate ethnic communities and as a part of the macro-society in which they live within the respective nation-states. Together with members of the macro-society they experienced breakdowns of old Empires and the establishment of national states. On the vast territories of that what would became the Soviet Union they were included in the building of a new political system. In this time span Roma started to be politically institutionalized and subjected to a variety of controversial policy practices. The project looks at Roma not only as passive recipients of policy measures but also as active architects of their lives, so the aim is together with studying evidences reflecting state policies in regard to Roma to collect written heritage of Roma visionaries whose published and unpublished texts reflect the main stages in the development of the Roma movement and represent its different aspirations. The project is looking at Roma as an inseparable part of the mainstream history and Roma socio-political visions as part of the history of modern political thought in Europe. It will create a publicly accessible database of sources and manuscripts representing social and political endeavors of Roma. This will be a major contribution to the study of the history of Roma movements and state measures towards them in the Interwar period.

Mots-clés : gypsies,roma,interwar period,visionaries,written heritage,minorities,national states,identities