Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : KIDS (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Physical and analytical chemical sciences
Entité participante : Max Planck Society — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : MPG
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1395000.0 €

This proposal implements slice imaging to measure catalytic rates for site-specific elementary reactions thus offering remarkable opportunities to advance our fundamental understanding of heterogeneous catalysis. As evidence for global climate change continues to grow, catalysis has moved to the front line of the struggle to obtain new, sustainable technologies for the future. Catalysis and catalytic processes account, directly or indirectly, for 20-30 % of world Gross Domestic Product. Knowledge of elementary chemical reaction mechanisms in heterogeneous catalysis underlies our ability to construct comprehensive kinetic models for many such important chemical processes, in order to optimise them. Our proposed strategy makes the formidable task of describing site-specific chemical reaction mechanisms and elementary rates in heterogeneous catalysis facile, while its necessity we justified (Nature 2018) on the prototypical CO oxidation reaction on Pt by demonstrating that 40 years of traditional experimentation led to false interpretation of the reaction mechanism. The aim of this proposal is characterize the important factors that influence the kinetics of elementary reactions at surfaces, e.g. the chemical nature of the catalyst and the geometry of the active site (stereodynamics). We chose elementary reactions involving C, H, O, N, as these are important in many key industries, such as the methane reforming, syngas, fuel cells, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and the Haber-Bosch process. Our strategy is that of a “bottoms up” approach to catalysis, i.e., building and understanding complex heterogeneous chemical catalysis, from the site-specific kinetics of the elementary building block reactions. Our measurements, will serve for benchmarking first principles calculations of reaction rates in surface chemistry. Our methodology measures the kinetics in the s regime with temperatures in the 200 to 1000 K range, i.e, more relevant to industrial conditions.

Mots-clés : ion imaging,slice imaging,velocity mapped imaging,position sensitive detectors,molecular beam scattering,surface scattering
Projet ERC : Drug-Seq (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 549416.64 €

This proposal is centred on the development of small molecule probes derived from DNA damaging agents to identify their genomic targets using a novel unbiased approach. Although, several genotoxic drugs have been used for decades to treat cancers, the exact mechanisms by which they operate are not fully understood. It is established that these compounds interfere with the processes of transcription and replication, thereby promoting genomic instability and cell death. However, there is as yet no genome-wide map of the exact location of sites that are putative targets for these drugs in vivo. This information is critical to understand and rationalize cellular responses to genotoxic agents. Here, we propose to develop an innovative discovery- based methodology that will combine click chemistry in situ, affinity pull-down techniques and high throughput DNA sequencing (Drug-Seq), to identify the genomic interactome of DNA damaging drugs in order to elucidate their cellular activity at the molecular level. Two independent lines of enquiry will be followed. Firstly, we will establish the genomic interacting landscape of landmark drugs including etoposide, camptothecin and cisplatin using Drug-Seq. Secondly, we will perform regular chromatin immuno- precipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) of selected proteins linked to the cellular response of interest to validate Drug-Seq and further identify druggable genomic sites. An important aim of this proposal is to establish a universal methodology to decipher small molecule/genome interactions in vivo that trigger a particular response in disease-relevant models. We also seek to interrogate the role of chromatin in regulating drug/genome interactions and to define whether it is possible to act on the epigenome to modulate the activity and specificity of these drugs. Collectively, we anticipate our study will lay down the foundation for personalized medicine with the implementation of rational rather than empirical clinical protocols.

Mots-clés : organic synthesis,chromatin,cell biology,nucleic acids,dna damage and repair
Projet ERC : DEPP (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : University of London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : U. London
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1294699.0 €

This proposal outlines a number of projects in public economics, with links to other fields such as macro, real estate, labor, and gender economics. The projects evolve around several large administrative datasets from the UK and Denmark, and they advance approaches and methodologies that have recently been developed in public economics into new areas. There is a strong public policy focus running through the proposal, including tax policy, transfer policy, family policy, and indirectly monetary policy. The objective is to achieve a comprehensive understanding of how government interventions affect two key markets: the housing market and the labor market. The project is divided into two themes. The first theme focuses on the housing market and is divided into three subprojects. The first project investigates the effects of mortgage interest rates on leverage and house prices, and it develops a new quasi-experimental method for estimating the elasticity of intertemporal substitution in consumption, a crucial parameter for many public policies. The second and third projects investigate housing market responses to different tax policies, focusing on how such responses are magnified by liquidity constraints and leverage. The second theme focuses on the labor market and is divided into two subprojects. The first project studies secular changes in gender inequality and the underlying sources of those changes, focusing mainly on the effects of child rearing on gender inequality. The project explores the underlying mechanisms driving child-related inequality, including gender identity norms and family policies. The second project proposes a new way of estimating macro labor supply elasticities that integrates taxes and public expenditures, and it develops a theoretical framework to draw policy implications from those estimations.

Mots-clés : public economics,macroeconomics,real estate economics,labour economics,gender economics
Projet ERC : Topics in Behavioral (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : HHU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 439090.0 €

This proposal outlines projects that span a diverse set of specific topics in both the foundational and the more applied parts of behavioral-economics theory. In the foundational projects, I will develop broadly applicable models of individual decisionmaking that incorporate psychologically realistic assumptions about individuals, and that can be used by myself and others to study the implications of psychological phenomena for economic outcomes. I will (i) provide an attention-based theory of several central and hitherto unmodeled aspects of mental accounting; (ii) analyze the implications of overconfidence about one’s ability or prospects for learning about other economically important variables; and (iii) incorporate into economic settings, and explore some consequences of, the idea that self-esteem— our feelings about ourselves—may be exceedingly fragile. In the more applied projects, I will use psychologically realistic models to shed light on important economic issues regarding markets and organizations. I will (i) identify market outcomes and especially welfareincreasing regulations when consumers with limited attention make tradeoffs between “browsing” more products superficially and “studying” fewer products in detail; (ii) use a contract-theoretic approach to help understand and possibly undermine organizations that pursue goals its members oppose; (iii) analyze the nature and consequences of procrastination when a person’s alternative choices are supplied by the market; (iv) explore the potential for a policy framework centered around informed consent to address privacy concerns in a market where some consumers are naive about product offers; and (v) investigate the implications of financial choice and financial information in a market for retail securities when investors do not understand that issuers are utilizing superior information in designing offers.

Mots-clés : mental accounting,rational inattention,overconfidence,misguided learning,self esteem,malicious organizations,regulation,procrastination,switching,consent,privacy,cursed equilibrium
Projet ERC : Topics in Behavioral (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : BRIQ Institute on Behavior and Inequality — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : BRIQ
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 592555.0 €

This proposal outlines projects that span a diverse set of specific topics in both the foundational and the more applied parts of behavioral-economics theory. In the foundational projects, I will develop broadly applicable models of individual decisionmaking that incorporate psychologically realistic assumptions about individuals, and that can be used by myself and others to study the implications of psychological phenomena for economic outcomes. I will (i) provide an attention-based theory of several central and hitherto unmodeled aspects of mental accounting; (ii) analyze the implications of overconfidence about one’s ability or prospects for learning about other economically important variables; and (iii) incorporate into economic settings, and explore some consequences of, the idea that self-esteem— our feelings about ourselves—may be exceedingly fragile. In the more applied projects, I will use psychologically realistic models to shed light on important economic issues regarding markets and organizations. I will (i) identify market outcomes and especially welfareincreasing regulations when consumers with limited attention make tradeoffs between “browsing” more products superficially and “studying” fewer products in detail; (ii) use a contract-theoretic approach to help understand and possibly undermine organizations that pursue goals its members oppose; (iii) analyze the nature and consequences of procrastination when a person’s alternative choices are supplied by the market; (iv) explore the potential for a policy framework centered around informed consent to address privacy concerns in a market where some consumers are naive about product offers; and (v) investigate the implications of financial choice and financial information in a market for retail securities when investors do not understand that issuers are utilizing superior information in designing offers.

Mots-clés : mental accounting,rational inattention,overconfidence,misguided learning,self esteem,malicious organizations,regulation,procrastination,switching,consent,privacy,cursed equilibrium
Projet ERC : OlfSwitch (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System
Entité participante : University of Cambridge — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : U. Cambridge
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 697721.0 €

This proposal seeks to understand the logic of neural circuit switches in the relatively simple nervous system of Drosophila. Our goals are to examine the developmental, physiological and behavioural logic of several of these elementary circuit motifs. We will use innate olfactory behaviour as our primary model, investigating behaviours triggered by single or convergent odour stimuli and their modulation by memory and internal state. We will start with the favourable case of a sexually dimorphic circuit switch that we have recently characterised (for the first time in any animal). We have shown that a transcription factor, fruitless, determines the state of this switch in sex pheromone processing during development. We will now (1) identify the molecules that determine the layout of this specific circuit during development and (2) probe the behavioural relevance of this specific circuit switch. In parallel with this work on pheromone processing, we will examine (3) the circuit basis of valence (simply put whether an odour is attractive or aversive) in which genetic instructions likely hardwire olfactory pathways to downstream modules of different behavioural significance. Finally we will examine the logic of dynamic switches in which a second stimulus (4) positively or (5) negatively gates the response to a stimulus.

Mots-clés : neural circuits,behaviour,olfaction,thermo,optogenetics,single cell rnaseq,in vivo physiology
Projet ERC : ParallelMemories (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System
Entité participante : University of Cambridge — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : U. Cambridge
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1500000.0 €

This proposal seeks to understand the molecular and circuit mechanisms used to store information in parallel memory units, and how these memories are integrated to guide action selection. We will use the Drosophila mushroom body (MB), a key center for associative learning in insect brains, as a model system. We recently generated intersectional genetic drivers that allowed us to draw a comprehensive anatomical map and selectively manipulate nearly all of the MB’s ~60 cell types. Sparse activity in the 2,000 Kenyon cells of the MB represents the identity of sensory stimuli. Along the parallel axonal fibers of Kenyon cells, we have shown that dopaminergic neurons and MB output neurons form 16 matched compartmental units. These anatomically defined units are also units of associative learning: reward and punishment activate distinct subsets of dopaminergic neurons. Our latest optogenetic activation experiments demonstrate that individual dopaminergic neurons independently write and update memories in each unit with cell-type-specific rules. We find extensive differences in the rate of memory formation, decay dynamics, storage capacity and flexibility to learn new associations across different units. Thus individual memory units within the mushroom body store different information about the same learning event. Together, these memories cooperatively or competitively represent the predictive value of sensory cues. We will now identify molecules and cell biological features that enable dopamine neurons to produce diverse forms of synaptic plasticity underlying distinct learning rules in different memory units. We will anatomically identify downstream neurons of the mushroom body output neurons that integrate information from parallel memory units, and make genetic drivers for them. Then, we will probe functions of these downstream neurons by imaging or manipulating their activity while flies retrieve and integrate memories for action selection.

Mots-clés : dopaminergic neurons
Projet ERC : 2D-Ink (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : Trinity College Dublin — Pays : Irlande — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TCD
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 149774.0 €

This proposal will determine the technical-economic viability of scaling-up ultra-thin, ink-jet printed films based on liquid-phase exfoliated single atomic layers of a range of nanomaterials. The PI has developed methods to produce in liquid nanosheets of a range of layered materials such as graphene, transition metal oxides, etc. These 2D-materials have immediate and far-reaching potential in several high-impact technological applications such as microelectronics, composites and energy harvesting and storage. 2DNanoCaps (ERC ref: 278516) has demonstrated that lab-scale ultra-thin graphene-based supercapacitor electrodes result in unusually high-power and extremely long device life-time (100% capacitance retention for 5000 charge-discharge cycles at the high power scan rate of 10,000 mV/s). This performance is an order of magnitude better than similar systems produced with conventional methods which cause materials restacking and aggregation. A following ERC PoC grant (2D-USD, Project-Number 620189) is currently focussed on up-scaling the production of thin-films deposition methods based on ultrasonic spray for the production of large-area electrodes for supercapacitors applications. In this proposal we want to explore the new concept of manufacturing conductive, robust, thin, easily assembled electrode and solid electrolytes to realize highly-flexible and all-solid-state supercapacitors by ink-jet printing. This opportunity is particularly relevant to the electronics and portable-device industry and offers the possibility to solve flammability issues, maintaining light weight, flexibility, transparency and portability. In order to do so it will be imperative to develop ink-jet printing methods and techniques. We believe our combination of unique materials and cost-effective, robust and production-scalable process of ultra- thin ink-jet printing will enable us to compete for significant global market opportunities in the energy-storage space.

Mots-clés : ink jet printing,supercapacitors,energy,portable electronics
Projet ERC : EXACT (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Universe sciences
Entité participante : Université Grenoble Alpes — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UGA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2588165.5 €

This proposal’s objective is to mature two novel technological developments to push the limits of high-contrast imaging at high-spectral resolution with the near-future extremely large telescope (ELT). I will replicate in the laboratory the observing conditions of the ELT, and the expected spectra of a variety of planets and stars using tunable lasers. First, the high-contrast imaging system of HARMONI will be emulated to produce realistic datacubes onto which post-processing algorithms will be applied to extract as best as possible the planet signal to prepare for the real observations in 2025, which will be key to understand how planets form. I will then develop two complementary technologies. The first one is a novel type of spectrometer specifically designed to characterize an exoplanet at a high spectral resolution with a high throughput, and it will be tested on sky by being coupled to state-of-the-art direct imaging instruments (KPIC & SPHERE) both to validate this concept and to provide the highest resolution spectra of young giant planets ever obtained. A very innovative variation of this spectrometer will turn it into an integral field spectrograph with a FoV perfectly suited for the characterization of planets in the habitable zone of nearby M-dwarves. The second one is an adaptive coronagraph based on an achromatic amplitude control system, which, coupled with an adaptive optics system, will maximize the SNR of the planet by creating contrast only where it is required, in spite of ever-changing amplitude and phase aberrations due to the ELT and its instruments. These technologies will be combined together on the ELT testbench to test its ultimate capability, and lead a consistent proposition for a dedicated ELT instrument design to characterize faint planets in the HZ of nearby stars, and assess the habitability.

Mots-clés : high contrast imaging,high resolution spectroscopy,coronagraphy,moems,molecular mapping
Projet ERC : PaDC (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : Leiden University — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 32956.41 €

This research explores the impact of property regimes on experiences of citizenship across five democratic countries: Greece, The Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom and the United States. Property rights are a foundational element of democracy, but the right to private property exists in tension with values of equality and a right to shelter. An investigation of property is urgent given the recent normalisation of economic models that have resulted in millions of evictions every year. Through an ethnographic study of eviction this research provides a comparative analysis of the benefits and limitations of contemporary property regimes for democratic citizenship. A property regime is defined as the combination of moral discourses about real landed property with the regulatory policies and market mechanisms that shape the use, sale and purchase of property. The selected countries represent a diverse set of property regimes, but all five are experiencing a housing and eviction crisis that has created new geographies of disadvantage, exacerbated inequalities of race, gender, age and income, and led to social unrest. Building on the PI's previous research into citizen-driven democratic innovation, this research critically examines the concept of property through a novel methodology dubbed 'conflictive context construction' that employs a qualitative approach centred on moments of conflict resulting from the use, sale or purchase of specific properties to answer: how do property regimes shape people's experience of citizenship and what can this tell us about the role of property in contemporary models of democratic governance? The high gain of this research lies in the opportunity to rethink the role of property within democracy based on extensive empirical data about how moral assumptions combine with particular ways of regulating and marketing property to exacerbate, alleviate or create inequalities within contemporary experiences of democratic citizenship.

Mots-clés : ethnography,property rights,citizenship,democracy,housing,eviction