Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : PLATFORM DISCOURSES (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : Tilburg University — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TiU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 265000.0 €

This project aims to develop a critical humanities perspective on the platform society, in which the online platforms owned by major tech companies—from Google to Facebook, from Apple to Airbnb—are integrated into all domains of life. In recent years, scholars across the humanities and the social sciences have analysed the functioning of platforms and their social impact. However, there has not yet been a systematic scholarly analysis of the discourses through which tech companies seek to generate trust around their products, addressing people not only as consumers, but increasingly also as a general “public.” This angle is crucial, because tech discourses are not mere by-products of platforms themselves, but form an integrated part of the development in which tech companies present their market-driven services as neutral spaces for social interaction. Platform Discourses offers this angle on tech companies as discourse producers by employing methods of narrative, image, and discourse analysis in order to analyse the texts, images, and moving images generated by tech companies: from books to corporate blogs (e.g., Airbnb’s Citizen blog), from product presentations to billboard campaigns (e.g., Apple’s World Gallery), from manifestos to public statements (e.g., Microsoft’s call for a digital Geneva convention). The project identifies the ideological underpinnings of those materials. What are the dominant visions of individual and collective human existence tech companies develop in their discourses? How have these visions evolved over the decades? And what conceptual understandings of humanity inspire Google’s mission to “do no evil” or Facebook’s ideal of a “global community”? Answering these questions, Platform Discourses presents a critical framework to understand how tech companies not only disrupt traditional markets and transform people’s practices, but also seek to reconfigure the stories through which people relate to themselves, others, and their ecosystems.

Mots-clés : platform society,online platforms,theories of everyday life,attention and attention studies,critiques of humanism,critical humanities,narrative analysis,image analysis,moving image analysis,digital age
Projet ERC : LOWCAT (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : University of Leeds — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 150000.0 €

This project aims to develop a low cost catalyst to replace the Platinum Group Metals (PGMs) that are widely used in automotive exhaust catalysis. The ERC Advanced Grant project CODITA (project number 291332) is an investigation into the impacts of cosmic dust in planetary atmospheres. During the course of the project we have developed a novel laboratory synthesis of cosmic dust particle analogues. The kinetics of CO oxidation on this material were studied in order to model the heterogeneous oxidation of CO to CO2 in the troposphere of Venus, where the temperature ranges from 120 - 440°C. Noting that the conditions on Venus are strikingly similar to those in a vehicle exhaust, this discovery forms the basis of the LowCat proposal. Preliminary experiments show that NO is readily taken up on LowCat, which is the first step in the NOx reduction process. The implication is that LowCat could be developed into a 3-way catalyst that is significantly less expensive than current PGM catalysts. This discovery presents an exciting commercialisation opportunity, with very significant societal impacts. Moving toward market requires a proof of core science, patenting of the discovery and commercialisation. The 18 month project planned has specified milestones, project deliverables and value proposition. There are four objectives in the proposal: 1) determine the potential of LowCat to catalyse the reduction of NO in the presence of ammonia; 2) engineer the catalyst onto a suitable support monolith; 3) carry out diesel engine exhaust trials; 4) commercialise the discovery through a patent application and engagement with an industrial partner and potential license.

Mots-clés : engine exhaust,3 way catalyst,selective catalytic reduction,heterogeneous kinetics,no reduction,co oxidation
Projet ERC : ANGULON (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Condensed matter physics
Entité participante : Institute of Science and Technology Austria — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ISTA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499588.0 €

This project aims to develop a universal approach to angular momentum in quantum many-body systems based on the angulon quasiparticle recently discovered by the PI. We will establish a general theory of angulons in and out of equilibrium, and apply it to a variety of experimentally studied problems, ranging from chemical dynamics in solvents to solid-state systems (e.g. angular momentum transfer in the Einstein-de Haas effect and ultrafast magnetism). The concept of angular momentum is ubiquitous across physics, whether one deals with nuclear collisions, chemical reactions, or formation of galaxies. In the microscopic world, quantum rotations are described by non-commuting operators. This makes the angular momentum theory extremely involved, even for systems consisting of only a few interacting particles, such as gas-phase atoms or molecules. Furthermore, in most experiments the behavior of quantum particles is inevitably altered by a many-body environment of some kind. For example, molecular rotation – and therefore reactivity – depends on the presence of a solvent, electronic angular momentum in solids is coupled to lattice phonons, highly excited atomic levels can be perturbed by a surrounding ultracold gas. If approached in a brute-force fashion, understanding angular momentum in such systems is an impossible task, since a macroscopic number of particles is involved. Recently, the PI and his team have shown that this challenge can be met by introducing a new quasiparticle – the angulon. In 2017, the PI has demonstrated the existence of angulons by comparing his theory with 20 years of measurements on molecules rotating in superfluids. Most importantly, the angulon concept allows one to gain analytical insights inaccessible to the state-of-the-art techniques of condensed matter and chemical physics. The angulon approach holds the promise of opening up a new interdisciplinary research area with applications reaching far beyond what is proposed here.

Mots-clés : angular momentum of phonons,impurity problems,quasiparticles,quantum liquids,einstein de haas effect,ultrafast magnetism,cold molecules,molecular spectroscopy,helium nanodroplets
Projet ERC : FAnFArE (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 940540.34 €

This project aims to develop the field of Harmonic Analysis, and more precisely to study problems at the interface between Fourier Analysis and PDEs (and also some Geometry). We are interested in two aspects of the Fourier Analysis : (1) The Euclidean Fourier Analysis, where a deep analysis can be performed using specificities as the notion of ``frequencies'' (involving the Fourier transform) or the geometry of the Euclidean balls. By taking advantage of them, this proposal aims to pursue the study and bring novelties in three fashionable topics : the study of bilinear/multilinear Fourier multipliers, the development of the ``space-time resonances'' method in a systematic way and for some specific PDEs, and the study of nonlinear transport equations in BMO-type spaces (as Euler and Navier-Stokes equations). (2) A Functional Fourier Analysis, which can be performed in a more general situation using the notion of ``oscillation'' adapted to a heat semigroup (or semigroup of operators). This second Challenge is (at the same time) independent of the first one and also very close. It is very close, due to the same point of view of Fourier Analysis involving a space decomposition and simultaneously some frequency decomposition. However they are quite independent because the main goal is to extend/develop an analysis in the more general framework given by a semigroup of operators (so without using the previous Euclidean specificities). By this way, we aim to transfer some results known in the Euclidean situation to some Riemannian manifolds, Fractals sets, bounded open set setting, ... Still having in mind some applications to the study of PDEs, such questions make also a connexion with the geometry of the ambient spaces (by its Riesz transform, Poincaré inequality, ...). I propose here to attack different problems as dispersive estimates, "L^p"-version of De Giorgi inequalities and the study of paraproducts, all of them with a heat semigroup point of view.

Mots-clés : fourier analysis,time frequency analysis,heat semigroup theory
Projet ERC : CHRiSHarMa (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : University of Würzburg — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1024526.21 €

This project aims to develop two arrays of questions at the heart of harmonic analysis, probability and operator theory: Multi-parameter harmonic analysis. Through the use of wavelet methods in harmonic analysis, we plan to shed new light on characterizations for boundedness of multi-parameter versions of classical Hankel operators in a variety of settings. The classical Nehari's theorem on the disk (1957) has found an important generalization to Hilbert space valued functions, known as Page's theorem. A relevant extension of Nehari's theorem to the bi-disk had been a long standing problem, finally solved in 2000, through novel harmonic analysis methods. It's operator analog remains unknown and constitutes part of this proposal. Sharp estimates for Calderon-Zygmund operators and martingale inequalities. We make use of the interplay between objects central to Harmonic analysis, such as the Hilbert transform, and objects central to probability theory, martingales. This connection has seen many faces, such as in the UMD space classification by Bourgain and Burkholder or in the formula of Gundy-Varapoulos, that uses orthogonal martingales to model the behavior of the Hilbert transform. Martingale methods in combination with optimal control have advanced an array of questions in harmonic analysis in recent years. In this proposal we wish to continue this direction as well as exploit advances in dyadic harmonic analysis for use in questions central to probability. There is some focus on weighted estimates in a non-commutative and scalar setting, in the understanding of discretizations of classical operators, such as the Hilbert transform and their role played when acting on functions defined on discrete groups. From a martingale standpoint, jump processes come into play. Another direction is the use of numerical methods in combination with harmonic analysis achievements for martingale estimates.

Mots-clés : multi parameter analysis,weighted space,commutator,riesz transform,martingale,dyadic
Projet ERC : SIGNSPACE (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : University of Central Lancashire — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UCLan
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 107660.0 €

This project aims to pilot a social innovation by translating some of the findings of the ERC-funded MULTISIGN project (“Multilingual behaviours in sign language users”) into an online portal which promotes and facilitates transnational communication by deaf people through sign languages. The portal provides activities to users that increase their meta-linguistic awareness about the bi- and multilingual use of sign languages. Specifically, we will exploit research data and analyses by translating them into a resource with educational units that support upskilling of deaf people in order to communicate remotely with signers of other sign languages. The MULTSIGN project had demonstrated that sign language users have a unique enhanced potential, compared to spoken languages, to communicate across language boundaries, and the project will enable signers to exploit this potential. The portal also provides a service for setting up flexibly adaptable bi- and multilingual online work spaces for transnational groups of sign language users, with an integrated tool for sign-to-sign-translation between different sign languages. This will enable disadvantaged deaf communities, who are largely isolated from international contact, to access developments and resources already available elsewhere among international deaf communities but not linguistically accessible. The project is a collaboration between an academic partner, the University of Central Lancashire (UCLan) in the UK and a private company with special expertise in the relevant area, Dolphio Technologies, in Hungary. Our joint team will develop the design and test the technical infrastructure for the project. We will conduct demonstration, training and piloting workshops in several countries, and develop a business plan for further development and sustainability of the portal based on its marketable potential.

Mots-clés : multilingualism,sign language,deaf,meta linguistic awareness,multilingual ict,slack software,south south collaboration
Projet ERC : POLICIES_FOR_PEACE (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : University of Lausanne — Pays : Suisse — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UNIL
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1013720.0 €

This project aims to study what key institutions and policies are best suited to reduce incentives for engaging in appropriation and armed conflict. For achieving and sustaining peace it is crucial to get the incentives right of all main actors in society. While subproject 1 focuses on short-run policies to stop the fighting by drying out the funding of rebel groups and hence move from war to peace, all the remaining subprojects take a medium- to long-run perspective. Subprojects 2 and 3 focus on the medium-run and assess what mix of policies can help to bridge the short- with the long-run and consolidate peace. In particular, drawing on very fine-grained data from Northern Ireland I will in subproject 2 assess the role and interplay of factors of escalation / containment of violence (“Orange marches”, “peace walls”) and factors driving democratic representation (gerrymandering and power-sharing). In subproject 3 I will perform a network and conflict analysis based on Twitter data for the Arab Spring to assess the role of civil liberties and freedom of speech in consolidating peace. Subprojects 4 to 6 study factors that are crucial for sustaining long-run peace. In subproject 4 I will build a model of how the main political institutions affect the incentives for contesting democracy on the battlefield, focusing on the role of electoral systems, coalition governments, federalism and direct democracy. Subproject 5 studies the role of education for sustaining peace. With the help of a game-theoretic model I will study the various channels through which education affects incentives for conflict, before testing the main predictions empirically. Subproject 6 focuses on another key role of modern states: Health policies. After building a theory of how health affects combat incentives, I will exploit medical innovations to assess the causal impact of health improvement on conflict incentives.

Mots-clés : conflict,policy,institutions,peace,power sharing,contest,education,health
Projet ERC : EFFORT (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : Carlos III University of Madrid — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1227359.5 €

This project aims to understand the role of effort in the reproduction of social inequality. While large-scale test programs like PISA have produced impressive amounts of data on the determinants of cognitive abilities, there is scant evidence on socio-economic differences in cognitive effort. Better understanding the social origins of effort pushes the frontier of knowledge on intergenerational mobility and allows improving equality of opportunity. Specifically, the aim of the project is to answer three research questions: 1. To what extent do children’s effort levels differ by parental socioeconomic background? (descriptive component) 2. Can existing disparities in effort by social background be explained by (a) the intergenerational transmission of effort from parents to children, and (b) varying motivations and differential susceptibility to incentives? (analytical component) 3. What are the best techniques to measure cognitive effort and what are the strengths and weaknesses of measures routinely used in different scientific disciplines? (methodological component) The project will develop and exploit cutting-edge methods of effort measurement such as real-effort tasks and psychophysiological techniques like pupillometry. Their immense potential has remained untapped in inequality research thus far. Experimental data will be collected for a large sample of school-age children and their parents in Spain and Germany. Subjective effort dispositions will be further analyzed using (inter)national surveys. The triangulation of carefully chosen methodologies will provide the first reliable evidence on socioeconomic differences in effort and stimulate new research (e.g. on gender or ethnic differentials in effort). Cross-validation analysis will detect possible biases of commonly used effort measures. The research findings will provide valuable insights for educational practitioners and decisive evidence for normative debates about social inequality and policy design.

Mots-clés : equality of opportunity,measurement,learning
Projet ERC : JEWSEAST (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : Central European University — Pays : Hongrie — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : CEU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 150425.0 €

This project analyzes Jews in Eastern Christian communities and Eastern Christian sources, beyond the Byzantine context, namely, relations between Jews and Christian communities in the Middle East Central Asia, the Caucasus, Ethiopia, and South India. In order to obtain a truly accurate understanding of the dynamics of Jewish-Christian relations in the non-Latin world during the Middle Ages, these various regions and traditions must be studied together because they were all profoundly interconnected through the exchange and translation of texts, artistic motifs and techniques, and other goods, via long-distance trade along the “silk road”, the Mediterranean, and the Indian Ocean, which, of course, also entailed the movement and encounter of peoples, Jews and Christians among them. The research team endeavors to answer four intertwined questions: 1) what we can know about actual “real-life” interactions between Jews and a variety of Eastern Christian communities; 2) what were the meanings and functions of invented or rhetorical Jewish identities; 3) what is the significance of Jewish-Christian polemics, both written and visual, in lands or among communities where: a) there were supposedly few to no Jews, or Jewish identity was “invented”; b) there were Jewish and Christian communities who had the opportunity to be in regular contact with one another; 4) how were Christian stories, laws, biblical interpretations, or motifs in which Jews featured prominently, or Jewish tales and motifs about Christians transformed as they were transported from one cultural milieu to another? Because scholars have examined Jewish relations with Christians, and even Muslims primarily in the context of uneven power relationships; namely Jewish-Christian relations in Western Europe or Byzantium, or Jewish-Muslim relations in the Islamic one leaving Jewish-Christian relations untouched apart from shared communal structures, this project opens a new field.
Projet ERC : TRADENET (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : Fondation nationale des sciences politiques — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : FNSP
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 472058.0 €

This project analyzes the propagation of shocks through international trade. The microeconomic structure of trade networks is argued to favor the propagation and amplification of shocks with an end-effect on the dynamics and volatility of aggregate trade. The exploitation of highly disaggregated firm-to-firm trade data offers a unique opportunity to analyze these questions into details. The first part of the proposal studies the determinants of trade networks. I build a search-and-matching framework to explain the formation of bilateral trade relationships as a matching process between individual exporters in one country and individual buyers located in another country. This framework allows explaining the structure of trade networks observed in the data, both in the cross-section and over time. The model is also used to revisit several puzzles of the international economic literature, including the question of welfare gains from trade and the convergence to the law of one price. The second part of the proposal studies the consequences of the structure of trade networks for the volatility of trade and its resilience to relative price shocks. I study how the observed connections between individual firms help propagate individual and aggregate shocks, with an end-effect on the volatility of aggregate trade and the comovement of GDPs across countries. The high concentration of trade networks and the strength of production linkages, within and across countries, help amplify the aggregate effect of individual shocks. I also analyze how the structure of trade networks shapes the response of aggregate trade to relative price shocks. The nature and history of firm-to-firm relationships is argued to have implications for the aggregate elasticity of trade.

Mots-clés : trade networks,granular fluctuations,global value chains