Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : MorphoNotch (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems
Entité participante : Tel Aviv University — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TAU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2000000.0 €

Signaling, genetic regulatory circuits, and tissue morphology are inherently coupled to each other during embryonic development. Although changes in cellular and tissue morphology are commonly treated as a downstream consequence of cell fate decision processes, there are multiple examples where morphological changes occur concurrently with the differentiation processes. This suggests that a feedback between cell morphology and regulatory processes can play an important role in coordinating tissue development. Currently, however, we lack the experimental, theoretical, and conceptual tools to understand this interplay between cell morphology, signaling, and regulatory circuits. In particular, we need to understand (1) how intercellular signaling depends on the cellular morphology and on the properties of the boundary between cells, and (2) how intercellular signaling, genetic circuits, and cell morphology integrate to generate robust differentiation patterns. Here, I propose to combine quantitative in-vitro and in-vivo experiments with mathematical modeling to address these questions in the context of Notch signaling and Notch mediated patterning, typically used for coordinating differentiation between neighboring cells during development. We will utilize novel reporters and micropatterning technology to analyze Notch signaling between pairs of cells. We will elucidate how the geometry and the molecular composition of the boundary between cells affect signaling. At the tissue level, we will study how the interplay between cell morphology and Notch signaling gives rise to robust patterning in the mammalian inner ear. We will use cochlear inner ear explant imaging to track the transition from disordered undifferentiated state to ordered pattern of hair and supporting cells in the cochlea. Together with a novel hybrid modeling approach, we will provide the foundation for a systems level understanding of development that interconnects morphology and regulatory circuits.

Mots-clés : notch signaling,inner ear,cell morphology,developmental patterning
Projet ERC : StressGene (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : University of Iceland — Pays : Islande — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1998543.75 €

Significant life stressors – including death of loved ones, being diagnosed with a life-threatening illness, and exposure to natural disasters or violence – are well-documented risk factors of ill health, disability and premature mortality. Why some individuals remain healthy while others remiss to adverse symptoms, disease or death after exposure to such life stressors remains unclear. The overarching aim of this research program is to advance current understanding of the potential genetic contribution to varying trajectories of health following exposure to significant life stressors. The program leverages the registries of major diseases and mortality covering the whole Icelandic nation (N=330.000) and the unique genetic- and genealogical resources at deCODE Genetics to perform genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on the varying risks of overall mortality and major diseases (including psychiatric disorders and cardiovascular disease) after loss of a family member or after receiving a cancer diagnosis. We will further seek to identify sequence variants associated with variation in symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in two highly traumatized cohorts: the SAGA cohort of 30.000 Icelandic women with high lifetime prevalence of violence exposure, as well as a cohort of 5.000 Swedes exposed to the 2004 SA-Asian Tsunami. This research program represents the first major attempt to address the potential genetic basis of varying somatic health outcomes after exposure to significant life stressors and, to our knowledge, one of the first comprehensive GWAS on PTSD in European populations. Virtually everyone is at some point in their life exposed to significant life stressors or trauma; the knowledge gained from this comprehensive research program may facilitate early identification and refined, personalized interventions for the most vulnerable individuals of the large populations worldwide that inevitably will continue to be exposed to trauma.

Mots-clés : stress,trauma,ptsd,survival,mortality,genetics
Projet ERC : RACOM (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : UK Research and Innovation — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UKRI
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 74448.0 €

Silver coinage formed the backbone of state finance in Classical antiquity. The fineness and quality of a coinage is often taken by historians to be a comment on the fiscal health of the issuing state, yet very little is really known about its fineness and chemical composition, and many of the existing analyses are inadequate to answer key questions. Samples for analysis are commonly taken from the surfaces, or from just beneath the surfaces, of silver coins, and these are not representative of the original alloys used, leading to erroneous estimates of overall composition. The aim of the project is to examine financial and monetary strategies from c. 150 BCE to a major coin reform in c. 64 CE – a period that witnessed the creation of an overarching currency for the Mediterranean world and increasing monetisation – by providing a detailed and reliable set of analyses of the chemical composition of all major silver coinages of the period, obtained by taking samples from deep within the coins. It will also evaluate two new, non-destructive techniques to see how they compare with established protocols. The period witnessed a major increase in long distance trade and probably also economic growth and a rise in per capita income. Roman conquest led to greater economic and monetary integration of the Mediterranean area, and Rome’s apparent currency monopoly may have had its own consequences for the development of coinage and management of finances. Flows of precious metals to Rome and other important centres of power helped to finance Roman expansion, and understanding the chemical composition of silver coinage will transform our understanding of Roman monetary strategy as an instrument of imperialism.

Mots-clés : roman empire,coinage,monetary history,hellenistic world,scientific analysis,microwave plasma atomic emission spectrometry,inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,lead isotopes,metallography,laser ablation,negative muons
Projet ERC : FitteR-CATABOLIC (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : KU Leuven — Pays : Belgique — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : KUL
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2500000.0 €

Since a few decades, human patients who suffer from severe illnesses or multiple trauma, conditions that were previously lethal, are being treated in intensive care units (ICUs). Modern intensive care medicine bridges patients from life-threatening conditions to recovery with use of mechanical devices, vasoactive drugs and powerful anti-microbial agents. By postponing death, a new unnatural condition, intensive-care-dependent prolonged (>1 week) critical illness, has been created. About 25% of ICU patients today require prolonged intensive care, sometimes for weeks or months, and these patients are at high risk of death while consuming 75% of resources. Although the primary insult was adequately dealt with, many long-stay patients typically suffer from hypercatabolism, ICU-acquired brain dysfunction and polyneuropathy/myopathy leading to severe muscle weakness, further increasing the risk of late death. As hypercatabolism was considered the culprit, several anabolic interventions were tested, but these showed harm instead of benefit. We previously showed that fasting early during illness is superior to forceful feeding, pointing to certain benefits of catabolic responses. In healthy humans, fasting activates catabolism to provide substrates essential to protect and maintain brain and muscle function. This proposal aims to investigate whether evolutionary conserved catabolic fasting pathways, specifically lipolysis and ketogenesis, can be exploited in the search for prevention of brain dysfunction and muscle weakness in long-stay ICU patients, with the goal to identify a new metabolic intervention to enhance their recovery. The project builds further on our experience with bi-directional translational research - using human material whenever possible and a validated mouse model of sepsis-induced critical illness for objectives that cannot be addressed in patients - and aims to close the loop, from a novel concept to a large randomized controlled trial in patients.

Mots-clés : ketone,fatty acid,ppar,muscle,neuron,astrocyte,sepsis,fasting,fasting mimicking,ketogenic diet
Projet ERC : ACOUSEQ (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : University of Glasgow — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 149995.0 €

Since completion of the first human genome sequence, the demand for cheaper and faster sequencing methods has increased enormously. This need has driven the development of second-generation sequencing methods, or next-generation sequencing (also known as NGS or high throughput sequencing). The creation of these platforms has made sequencing accessible to more laboratories, rapidly increasing the volume of research, including clinical diagnostics and its use in directing treatment (precision medicine). The applications of NGS are also allowing rapid advances in clinically related fields such as public health and epidemiology. Such developments illustrate why sequencing is now the fastest-growing area in genomics (+23% p.a.). The activity is said to be worth $2.5B this year, and poised to reach ~$9B by 2020. In any workflow, prior to the sequencing reactions, a number of pre-sequencing steps are required, including the fragmentation of the DNA into smaller sizes for processing, size selection, library preparation and target enrichment. This proposal is specifically concerned with this latter area, namely DNA fragmentation – now widely acknowledged across the industry as being the most important technological bottleneck in the pre-sequencing workflow. Our new method for DNA fragmentation – involving using surface acoustic waves will enable sample preparation from lower sample volumes using lower powers. It also has the potential to allow the seamless integration of fragmentation into sequencing instrumentation, opening up the possibility of “sample to answer” diagnostics. In the near term this will enable the implementation of sample preparation pre-sequencing steps within the NGS instruments. In the longer term, our techniques will also enable us to develop methods for field-based DNA sequencing – as may be required for determining “microbial resistance” and informing the treatment of infectious disease in the face of the emergence of drug resistance.

Mots-clés : dna sequencing technologies,microfluidics,ultrasonics
Projet ERC : HoldCancerBack (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Condensed matter physics
Entité participante : Leipzig University — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2379250.0 €

Since decades the bulk of cancer research focusses on the genetic and molecular level. To complement this knowledge, I will focus on the collective behaviour of cancer cells in cell clusters and in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Conventional cancer research tackles issues like genetic changes, signalling pathways or intracellular mechanisms, I want to answer the question: When is a cancer cell jammed or when can it overcome the yield stress to actively “flow” in a dense microenvironment (ME)? I have brought forward the basic idea within the concept of Physics of Cancer that changes in a cancer cell’s material properties determine its metastatic potential. As follows I propose the next breakthrough by determining a predictive phase diagram for unjamming transitions of cancer cells. Cancer cell jamming is quantified by cell speed as a measure of the motile forces and by cellular shape to account for the interplay between cell contractility and adhesion. Our self-propelled Voronoi model (SPV) will explain whether a cell is jammed by its neighbours or the ECM, overcoming the limitations of existing theories which only apply to specific environments. Building on my leadership in cell biomechanics and the exclusive access to two types of carcinomas (mamma, cervix), I will introduce highly innovative bionic modulators of intracellular mechanics and develop live cancer cell tracking in biopsies as a ground-breaking alternative to vital imaging. While these approaches are perfect to prove that unjamming transitions are key to tumour progression, I will investigate to what extent fluid, i.e. unjammed, tissue behaviour can be detected by magnetic resonance imaging elastography (MRE) as an individual predictive marker for metastasis. Moreover the results may guide surgeons when concerning the local spreading of cancer and thus greatly empower surgery in tumour therapies.

Mots-clés : physical oncology,physics of cancer
Projet ERC : 2D4QT (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Condensed matter physics
Entité participante : RWTH Aachen University — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : RWTH
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1806250.0 €

Since its discovery, graphene has been indicated as a promising platform for quantum technologies (QT). The number of theoretical proposal dedicated to this vision has grown steadily, exploring a wide range of directions, ranging from spin and valley qubits, to topologically-protected states. The experimental confirmation of these ideas lagged so far significantly behind, mostly because of material quality problems. The quality of graphene-based devices has however improved dramatically in the past five years, thanks to the advent of the so-called van der Waals (vdW) heteostructures - artificial solids formed by mechanically stacking layers of different two dimensional (2D) materials, such as graphene, hexagonal boron nitride and transition metal dichalcogenides. These new advances open now finally the door to put several of those theoretical proposals to test. The goal of this project is to assess experimentally the potential of graphene-based heterostructures for QT applications. Specifically, I will push the development of an advanced technological platform for vdW heterostructures, which will allow to give quantitative answers to the following open questions: i) what are the relaxation and coherence times of spin and valley qubits in isotopically purified bilayer graphene (BLG); ii) what is the efficiency of a Cooper-pair splitter based on BLG; and iii) what are the characteristic energy scales of topologically protected quantum states engineered in graphene-based heterostructures. At the end of this project, I aim at being in the position of saying whether graphene is the horse-worth-betting-on predicted by theory, or whether it still hides surprises in terms of fundamental physics. The technological advancements developed in this project for integrating nanostructured layers into vdW heterostructures will reach even beyond this goal, opening the door to new research directions and possible applications.

Mots-clés : van der waals heterostructures,quantum dots,graphene and bilayer graphene,valley physics,quantum technologies
Projet ERC : NANOLIGO (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Proof of concept grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : Exactmer limited — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Exactmer
Type d'entité : Organismes privés (hors enseignement)
Financement ERC de l'entité : 150000.0 €

Since the Nobel Prize winning discovery of small interfering RNA its specificity and selectivity have driven the pharmaceutical industry to design 15- to 25-mer oligonucleotide analogues as a new class of drugs. These offer exciting new therapeutic possibilities for example in rare diseases, but also large patient population indications including cardiovascular disease, and viral pandemics such as Covid-19. However, the high cost and limited scalability of manufacturing these complex polymeric molecules using solid phase synthesis is holding back benefits for thousands of patients – and has motivated us to seek an improved technology for oligo synthesis. ERC Advanced Grant 786398 is funding research investigating a new technology platform for the fabrication of defined monomer sequence polymers - Nanostar Sieving. Our preliminary research into oligo synthesis using Nanostar Sieving has found that it is potentially both feasible and game-changing. NANOLIGO seeks proof-of-concept that Nanostar Sieving can unlock the tremendous potential of oligos through dramatically reducing production cost and increasing production capacity. We will work with RNA oligos – key targets for novel APIs – which are currently produced by solid phase synthesis, and show that these can be made entirely in the liquid phase, with unprecedentedly high purity, efficient chemistry and lower solvent consumption. Crucially, membrane separations are readily scaled up, making this process a strong candidate for kg-scale oligo production. The PI and members of his research team have founded a start-up, Excatmer, to ensure the results of the ERC Grant have impact. We will carry out the PoC project at Exactmer, so that if we are successful the technology can be more rapidly developed and scaled up, leading to significant economic benefits. We are driven by a desire to make oligonucleotide therapies affordable and so available to patients as rapidly as possible.

Mots-clés : organic solvent nanofiltration,nanomembranes,defined polymer synthesis,oligonucleotide synthesis,molecular sieving,nanostar sieving
Projet ERC : CARBOFLOW (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : TU Wien — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TUW
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1963515.0 €

Since the discovery in the nineteenth century, carbonylation chemistry has found broad applicability in chemical industries and become now a key technology for bulk and fine chemical synthesis. Despite its substantial toxicity, carbon monoxide (CO) is commonly used as carbonyl source causing considerable safety issues, particularly when used on bulk scale. The replacement of this hazardous gas with more benign surrogates would be highly desirable, and recent ideas focus on the valorisation of carbon dioxide as abundant, non-toxic and renewable carbon resource. However, few industrial processes utilise carbon dioxide as a raw material, and potent catalysts are required to overcome its thermodynamic and kinetic barrier. In this regard, ionic liquids show considerable potential as cooperative media as they can solubilise large concentrations of carbon dioxide but also strongly interact and activate carbon dioxide. This project focuses on the photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide in ionic liquids and its successive conversion into carbonyl compounds. Several goals need to be realised, including fundamental studies and optimisation of the ionic liquid co-catalysed photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to produce CO under mild conditions (Goal 1). The reactivity of formed CO in supercritical carbon dioxide with various organic substrates needs to be explored (Goal 2) before finally developing a streamlined and continuous process for the direct formation of carbonyl compounds from carbon dioxide (Goal 3). I envision that the photocatalytic activation of carbon dioxide in combination with the positive features of tailored ionic liquids as co-catalysts may overcome problems currently associated with carbon dioxide utilisation, eventually replacing the long-standing bastion of CO-based carbonylation chemistry with novel solutions.

Mots-clés : supported ionic liquids,supercritical carbon dioxide,carbonylation reactions,task specific ionic liquids
Projet ERC : LO-KMOF (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Proof of concept grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : IMEC — Pays : Belgique — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 30000.0 €

Since the invention of integrated circuits, there has been a persistent incentive towards miniaturization. An indispensable part of every chip is a multi-level wiring system fabricated on top of the semiconductor layer containing the transistors. As transistors get smaller and more densely packed, the complexity and the impact on performance of the on-chip interconnects rises. The non-zero resistance and capacitance associated with the metal wires and the dielectric medium between them induce cross-talk noise between adjacent interconnects, limit the speed of signal propagation and increase the power consumption of a chip. The LO-KMOF project proposes an approach to alleviate these issues by integrating for the first time metal-organic frameworks as an interconnect dielectric. The project will make use of a novel vapour phase deposition approach for these materials, developed in the ERC project VAPORE. If successful, the project will contribute to chips that are not only faster but also consume less power. The proposed technology will be validated in an industrially relevant demonstrator.

Mots-clés : metal organic frameworks,thin films,vapor phase deposition,low k dielectrics,chip fabrication