Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : SINGuLAR (Horizon Europe, appel 2025, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing
Entité participante : Hôpital universitaire de la Charité de Berlin — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Charité
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499989.0 €

>850 million people are affected by kidney disease, which is caused by kidney injury. Following injury, kidney cells have a remarkable ability to adapt. Previous studies have largely focused on kidney injury signatures, yet treatments successfully targeting injury in animals have failed in humans. Studies focused not on injury but on adaptation are lacking. The main reason for this is that studying kidney adaptation with existing methods is challenging due to the low signal-to-noise ratio of adaptation in the presence of injury.  Instead of studying adaptation in kidney injury patients, SINGuLAR will therefore study isolated adaptation in living kidney donors: Donors, who irreversibly lose 50% of their kidney mass and function, show astonishing compensatory growth and functional adaptation. Studying the remaining kidney after contralateral organ loss allows to leverage an unbiased system free from injury-related noise.  Since tissue biopsies from remaining kidneys that adapt well put living donors at disproportionately high risk, SINGuLAR will use renal cells shed into urine to create the first prospective single-cell transcriptomic map of kidney adaptation (Aim1). Additionally, we will investigate whether remaining kidney adaptation is epigenetically wired (Aim2) and how this process is spatiotemporally patterned (Aim3). SINGuLAR will also assess whether multi-omic data from remaining kidneys in donors correlate with outcomes of donated partner organs in recipients (Aim4), and it will leverage urine-derived tubuloids to enable patient-specific drug targeting (Aim5).  By employing the remaining kidney as a one-of-a-kind human model, SINGuLAR aims to obtain unprecedented spatiotemporal insights into the biology of kidney adaptation and compensatory growth, which can subsequently be harnessed to therapeutically enhance organ adaptation in future kidney injury contexts.
Projet ERC : DOPAMICS (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Environmental B iology, Ecology  and E volution
Entité participante : Institut de recherche pour le développement — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : IRD
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1560742.0 €

Amazonia is the most diverse forest on earth but it is facing a significant biodiversity loss due to increasing human pressures and climate change. However, the state of diversity in lowland Amazonia and underlying evolutionary processes are largely under-documented, making it difficult to anticipate future changes and to elaborate knowledge-driven mitigation strategies. Moreover, very little attention has been paid to the recent evolution of plant populations through the Holocene that witnessed the rise of pre-Columbian societies. Although South America is commonly credited as a major centre of plant domestication, most studies focused on a few major crops with an obvious domestication syndrome, leaving aside most Amazonian species with tenuous evidence of domestication. DOPAMICS will challenge the domestication syndrome paradigm in the light of "incipiently domesticated" palm species of ancient agroecosystems of Amazonia. I will build upon emblematic archaeological sites - the so-called "ring-dicthes" - and implement an interdisciplinary methodology at the crossroads between ecology, evolution and human sciences to illustrate the diversity of domestication histories in Neotropical palms in a multi-species setting. DOPAMICS aims to retrace the pre-Columbian history of contemporary wild landscapes, disentangle natural and anthropogenic evolutionary processes that shaped patterns of genomic and phenomic diversity (with a focus on fruit metabolism and fibre biomechanics) and forecast the future of palm populations under scenarios of fast genetic diversity loss (e.g. selective logging, maladaptation to future conditions). DOPAMICS will provide extensive field observational data, a fine knowledge of the microevolutionary history of domestication in Neotropical palms, and new avenues towards the sustainable use of Amazonian landscapes to reconcile environmental concerns raised by the loss of wild diversity with local socio-economic needs.

Mots-clés : amazonia,arecaceae,natural resources,ecosystem services,pre columbian societies,microevolution,domestication,adaptation,archaeology,genomics,phenomics,biomechanics,metabolomics
Projet ERC : REPAIR (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Soci al World and Its Interactions
Entité participante : Université d'Amsterdam — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UvA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2059661.0 €

Reparations have become a popular demand in global development contexts. Disenfranchised groups from around the world and countries from the Global South increasingly call for reparations. They ask for apologies for past harm, symbolic and institutional measures that recognize and prevent such harm, and – most controversially – for monetary payments. Reparations are meant to respond to environmental pollution, mitigate the worst effects of climate change, compensate for infectious disease outbreaks and terrorist attacks, and bring some degree of justice for indigenous peoples and other minorities.  REPAIR studies these new calls for reparations that address different global development challenges. It compares reparations for infectious disease outbreaks, climate change, minority rights violations, and toxic environments. The project’s research objectives are: 1. Compare how reparations payments are established, implemented and received as part of addressing these global development challenges 2. Learn what these payments teach us about reparations in development, from an economic, moral and political perspective 3. Identify what kind of wealth transfer reparations constitute, and what this tells us about the “reparative aspects” of economic life more generally.  REPAIR is innovative in that it is the first comparative social-science study of reparations in the field of development. It not only analyses a new and important set of reparations cases, but drastically broadens the comparative frame of their study. Moreover, REPAIR is the first research project to use novel theory and methods from economic anthropology to study reparations. This promises relevant new insights into their sociocultural nature and effects. Lastly, by investigating reparations as a form of wealth transfer and focusing on the “reparative aspects” of economic activity, REPAIR hopes to push the boundaries of our understanding of economic life in general.

Mots-clés : anthropology,reparations,development
Projet ERC : ExMAM (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Condensed Matter Physics
Entité participante : Université d'Amsterdam — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UvA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499985.0 €

Can light fields be manipulated by a single atomic layer? Can quantum mechanical effects in monolayer materials be harnessed to realize dynamic optical elements? Recent work has demonstrated that light-weight and ultra-thin nanostructured optical coatings (metasurfaces) can perform the same optical functions as conventional bulky optical components. Despite these advances, metasurface optical elements have remained static. At the same time, newly emerging and future applications require optical elements with dynamic control of their functionality.  Here, I propose to lay the foundations of a completely new class of tunable and multifunctional optical elements by combining recent developments in 2D material science, quantum physics, and nanophotonics, resulting in highly novel excitonic 2D metasurfaces. Building on my strong expertise in the fields of optical metasurfaces and 2D material physics, I will employ monolayer 2D quantum materials to actively tune the optical response of novel nonlocal metasurfaces. These atomically-thin materials exhibit a strong quantum-mechanical exciton resonance in the visible spectral range, even at room temperature. Using electrical control over this exciton resonance, I will study the interplay of localized excitons and delocalized optical modes. Next, I will realize ultracompact optical elements with electrically-tunable functionality. Finally, I will develop novel methods to combine stacked metasurfaces in compound meta-optics that offer multifunctional dynamic optical components.  The excitonic 2D metasurfaces open new routes to study the unconventional properties of quantum materials in quantum optics, nanophotonics, and solid-state physics. At the same time, the results of this project open an entirely new approach for the design of actively-tunable multifunctional flat optical components with applications in optical communication, augmented reality, and computational imaging.

Mots-clés : 2d materials,exciton,active metasurfaces
Projet ERC : GENERALISE (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Compl exity
Entité participante : Université d'Amsterdam — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UvA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1493715.0 €

Generalisations are fundamental to every scientific discipline: ‘Every cell has a plasma membrane’, ‘Every electron has a negative charge’, ‘Every natural number has a unique successor’. By means of generalisation we turn a statement about a particular individual into a statement about a class of entities. Generalisations are essential to valid deductive reasoning. They are the building blocks of virtually every scientific theory, and therefore essential to understanding, explaining, and making predictions. The most basic and best understood form of generalisation is generalisation over objects (e.g. cells, electrons, numbers). In formal logic, this form of generalisation is achieved via first-order quantifiers, i.e. operators that bind variables in argument position. But many theoretical contexts require generalisation into sentence and predicate positions, a high-level form of generalisation where we make a general statement about a class of statements (e.g. mathematical induction, laws of logic). There are two competing methods for achieving this form of generality (i.e. higher-order logic and self-applicable theories of truth, properties, and sets respectively). As both methods come with their own ideological and ontological commitments, it makes a substantial difference which one is chosen as the framework for formulating our mathematical, scientific, and philosophical theories. Some research has been done in this direction but it is still very much in its early stages. This research project will significantly advance this foundational project. It will provide the first sustained systematic investigation of the two methods from a unified perspective, and develop novel formal tools to articulate deductively strong theories. Due to its foundational character, it will have an impact on many disciplines, especially the foundations of mathematics, logic, formal semantics, metaphysics, philosophy of language, and theoretical computer science.

Mots-clés : philosophical logic,semantic and logical paradoxes,axiomatic theories of truth,formal theories of properties,set theory,higher order logic,type free theories,self reference
Projet ERC : BeyondCompliance (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Université d'Amsterdam — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UvA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1494898.0 €

The European, African and inter-American human rights regimes seem not to be effective vis-à-vis non-democratic states. Besides undermining the international rule-based order, this situation has dire implications for human rights victims. Conventional theories, based on the experience of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), equate the effectiveness of regional courts with compliance. This perspective is inadequate to explain the status quo, where illiberal states may execute individual rulings while violating the underpinning norms. Scholarship on the Global South suggests that the experiences of the inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR) and the African Court of Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACtHPR) offer an underexplored potential to increase our understanding, and a great potential to draw lessons for the European context, which is increasingly dealing with illiberal regimes. From a compliance perspective, the IACtHR and the ACtHPR have been hardly effective. Yet, if we take broader societal impact as an indicator, their experiences might indeed provide us with important insights. The project asks: What are the limitations and possibilities for human rights regimes to be effective in non-democratic contexts? It starts from the working assumption that regimes can only be effective if they make full use of their oversight powers (exhaustiveness) and empower domestic activists in their mobilization (responsiveness). It tests this view by analyzing how the three regimes have enforced their norms against states engaging in: 1) violence, 2) legal repression, and/or 3) rule of law violations. Based on case law analysis and interviews, it will develop an empirically based theory on effectiveness in three steps: 1) a historical analysis to identify the three regimes’ founding goals; 2) an empirical analysis of the extent to which they have adhered to these goals vis-à-vis illiberal states; 3) a normative framework on how they can enhance their effectiveness.

Mots-clés : regional human rights,international courts,legal mobilization,illiberal regimes,human rights courts,authoritarian regimes,compliance,human rights,democracy,illiberal democracy,democratisation,social movements
Projet ERC : HIV CURE MISSION (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Immunity, Infection and I mmunotherapy
Entité participante : Hôpital universitaire de la Charité de Berlin — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Charité
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1498130.0 €

The search for a therapeutic intervention that can lead to HIV remission or cure is a global priority of the HIV field. HIV-specific antibodies have the potential to alter the clinical course of infection and enhance antiviral immune responses. In addition, we have recently demonstrated that antibody-based HIV immunotherapy results in higher-than-average cases of durable HIV remission in the absence of antiretroviral medication. Moreover, passive administration of HIV-specific antibodies was associated with reductions in the size of the replication-competent HIV reservoir which is the major barrier towards a cure for HIV. While these results highlight the exceptional potential of HIV immunotherapy, it is critical to understand the underlying mechanisms responsible for higher rates of HIV remission and antibody-mediated changes in the reservoir. Therefore, we will identify individuals with long-term HIV remission from clinical antibody-immunotherapy trials before comprehensively characterizing host immune responses, host-viral gene expression and the HIV latent reservoir. By combining highly valuable clinical samples with novel strategies for the characterization of viral immunity and persistence, we aim to establish a relationship between antibody-based HIV immunotherapy, host immunological factors, adaptive immune responses, and the nature of the viral reservoir with the overarching goal of developing clinical interventions for long-term, drug-free HIV remission or cure.
Projet ERC : HUNTING-3BFs (Horizon Europe, appel 2025, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental Constituents of Matter
Entité participante : Université technique de Prague — Pays : Rép. Tchèque — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1340000.0 €

HUNTING-3BFs aims to solve the many-body problem in nuclear physics. This would allow describing the properties of nuclear matter starting from the interaction among the constituents and to extrapolate its behaviour in dense environments in the Universe, like in the innermost region of neutron stars. The main difficulties in the current state-of-the-art many-body calculations arise from complex effects induced by long-range Coulomb interactions, which are challenging to predict, and from the emergence of short-range three-body nuclear forces (3BFs) in the dynamics of hadrons, which have been never anchored to direct experimental measurements. The primary goal of this project is to quantify for the first time these effects using new three-body scattering measurements. The latter will be performed using the femtoscopy method at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The final state interaction of p-p-p and p-p-Λ triplets as well as p-d and Λ-d pairs emitted in pp collisions at the LHC will be measured with the ALICE detector using correlation functions. The sensitivity to the contribution of 3BFs will be reached with the full statistics of the LHC Run 3 data taking (2022-2026). The PI will deliver phenomenological potentials for the NNN and NNΛ 3BFs, by constraining the models to experimental correlation functions. To reach this goal the PI will develop a framework capable of solving numerically the three-body problem. One of the main novelties of HUNTING-3BFs is the study of the interactions as a function of the energy and distance, giving a unique chance to probe different interaction ranges. This project will provide a new groundbreaking method to solve the many-body problem in nuclear physics with strong impact on research areas ranging from the domain of nuclear physics to astrophysics.

Mots-clés : strong nuclear force,femtoscopy,three body strong interaction
Projet ERC : InsubordinateFINANCE (Horizon Europe, appel 2025, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Human Mobility, Environment, and Space
Entité participante : Institut de recherche pour le développement — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : IRD
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1896000.0 €

Cities in the global North have served for centuries as the command-and-control centers of global finance. They have long determined the unequal access to credit and often harsh conditions of debt repayment for people, businesses, and states across the world. This control has maintained colonial power inequalities that many scholars now characterize as 'international financial subordination'. Yet in recent years, an increasing number of officials, citizens, and professionals across the Global South have mounted a surprising opposition to the Northern subordination of Southern finance. Since the turn of the new millennium, financial centers located in cities across the Global South have expanded dramatically in number, complexity, and size. These insubordinate financial centers claim to offer an alternative to the exclusion, extraction, and domination that has long characterized their (neo)colonial financial relations with the North. At the heart of this alternative is a new generation of Southern financial professionals seeking to create new networks, innovate new devices, and envision new futures for postcolonial economies. To take stock of these novel trends, InsubordinateFINANCE will examine the politics of financial sector deepening in 11 case study cities across Latin America, Africa and Southeast Asia. It will develop an innovative ‘provincializing finance approach’ that combines the insights of postcolonial theory, ethnography, and science and technology studies to answer a field-defining research question: Are Southern financial centers vectors of global financial subordination or do they offer independence from Northern financial dominance? Given the potential for a shift towards such an insubordinate finance to reconfigure global power relations and inequalities, it is important to asses where, how, to what extent, and with what effects this shift is taking place.  This project's aim is simple yet ambitious: to upend how we think about global finance.

Mots-clés : anthropology of finance,economic politics,economic geography,science and technology studies,postcolonial theory,global financial networks,cities in the world system
Projet ERC : StressRNaction (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Molecules of Life: B iological  Mechanisms , Structures  and Functions
Entité participante : Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry — Pays : Rép. Tchèque — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ÚOCHB AV ČR
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1497425.0 €

The goal of this project is to understand the role of non-canonical RNA caps (mainly dinucleoside polyphosphates = NpnNs) in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The 5' termini of the RNA are critical structures and are the least characterized among RNA modifications. In this project, we will develop selective capturing techniques for identification of NpnN-RNA sequences and identify the interacting partners of NpnN-RNA. Furthermore, we will reveal their metabolism and their role in cellular reaction to stress conditions in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Until recently only canonical structures, NAD or CoA have been known as 5' RNA caps. We discovered an entirely new class of 5' RNA caps - dinucleoside polyphosphates (NpnN) in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Based on our preliminary data we know that methylated NpnN caps stabilize RNA of E. coli in the stationary phase and that some NpnN caps can also be found in mammalian cells. We do not yet know [1] the sequence of RNAs capped with NpnNs, [2] how many types of NpnN RNA caps exist in eukaryotes, [3] whether RNA stabilization is their only role, [4] why there are so many types of NpnN RNA caps (we identified nine in E. coli), [5] whether NpnN-RNA can be translated, etc. The role of free NpnNs, identified fifty years ago, is yet to be elucidated. NpnNs are called alarmones, as their concentration increases under stress conditions. The mechanism by which the alarm is recognized in cells is unknown. I presume that their cellular effects are mediated by the RNA, where they serve as RNA caps. As such, they become an important part of RNA metabolism and can be recognized by various RNA interacting proteins, triggering additional effects in cellular metabolism. The presented project has the potential to solve the puzzle of the role of NpnNs and clarify the connection between RNA metabolism and immune response or virulence factors of viruses and bacteria.

Mots-clés : rna caps,dinucleoside polyphosphates,nudix enzymes,alarmones