Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : Beauty2Charm (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental constituents of matter
Entité participante : University of Manchester — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1450020.0 €

The present matter-antimatter asymmetry of the universe cannot be explained by the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. I propose to look for the presence of new physics beyond the SM in Charge-Parity (CP) asymmetries using beauty mesons decaying to charmed mesons (Beauty2Charm). A unique feature of these decays is that the SM contribution can be precisely measured using relations between ten decay modes all of which can be measured with in a coherent manner at a single experiment: LHCb at the Large Hadron Collier (LHC). The proposal will make measurements of ten branching ratios and eight analyses sensitive to CP violation using data collected by LHCb in order to test these relations. CP asymmetries larger than a few percent would be an unambiguous signal of the presence of new physics. In order to make these measurements at the required level of precision, I will lead a major upgrade to the way that the LHCb experiment selects proton proton collisions and for which I have laid the conceptual foundations. Real-Time Analysis will enable a dramatic increase in the the efficiency and signal yield of the decay modes relevant to this proposal, and reduce systematic uncertainties. To test and commission this upgrade I will lead the first ever measurements of beauty hadron production using final states without leptons. The experience gained in the commissioning phase will result in increased efficiencies for the CP sensitive channels leading to the world's most precise measurements and world-leading sensitivity to new physics.

Mots-clés : flavour physics,cp violation
Projet ERC : RadFeedback (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Universe sciences
Entité participante : University of Cologne — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1488048.0 €

The pressure, radiation, and ionization from the warm (UV emitting) and hot (X-ray emitting) gas has a significant impact on the cold, star-forming interstellar medium. We propose to carry out a comprehensive 3D study of the turbulent, multi-phase ISM in different environments that includes, for the first time, a proper treatment of UV and X-ray emission from stellar (primary) sources and extended (secondary) sources like cooling shock fronts and evaporating clouds. We do this by means of massively parallel, high-resolution 3D simulations that capture the complex interplay of gravity, magnetic fields, feedback from massive stars (ionizing radiation, radiation pressure, stellar winds, supernovae), heating and cooling including X-rays and cosmic rays, and chemistry. We are developing a novel, original and highly efficient method to accurately treat the transfer of radiation from multiple point and extended sources in the 3D simulations. Radiation and chemistry will be coupled to achieve self-consistent heating, cooling, and ionization rates. Moreover, accurate synthetic observations covering the large dynamic range from X-rays down to radio emission will be generated to set the results in the proper observational context. This will enable us to address the key science questions: How efficient is stellar feedback in different environments and which feedback process is dominant? What is the precise role of UV radiation and X-rays, also from secondary sources? Are the observations following the key dynamical players? How do we best interpret ISM observations from ALMA, SKA, or ATHENA? How do we assist in designing future observations? With the resources requested here we will perform the most self-consistent theoretical study of the multi-phase ISM so far, thus building up a leading group for ISM research in Europe. To stimulate worldwide scientific activities and interactions we will make all data available to the community through an open-access web interface.

Mots-clés : stellar feedback,magneto hydrodynamics,simulation and modeling,radiative transfer
Projet ERC : CHANCE (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Proof of concept grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing
Entité participante : Amsterdam University Medical Centers — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 150000.0 €

The prevalence of the MetS and associated co-morbidities including cardiovascular disease has reached epidemic proportions in the developed and developing world. The cost of treating these conditions represents a substantial part of current European healthcare expenditure, and despite recent advances, treatments for MetS-associated lipid disorders are far from optimal; mainstay lipid-lowering treatments (e.g. statins) reduce cardiovascular risk by only ~30%, and recently-introduced PCSK9 inhibitors are promising, but prohibitively expensive. Moreover, epidemiologic and genetic evidence suggests that these treatment modalities are associated with a significant increase in the risk for development of diabetes. Treatments for other MetS-associated comorbidities, including dyslipidemia, diabetes, obesity, and fatty-liver disease are far from optimal or lacking. In ERC-CoG UNICOM we discovered that genetic inhibition of the E3-ubiquitin ligase IDOL protects mice from the detrimental development of multiple MetS-associated comorbidities. We therefore propose IDOL inhibition as a novel therapeutic strategy to concomitantly target multiple metabolic co-morbidities. However, absence of a high resolution IDOL structure has hampered structure-guided development of inhibitors. In CHANCE, we will capitalize on the high resolution 3D structure of IDOL that we recently obtained. Using this unique structure we aim to identify and validate small-molecule IDOL inhibitors by using a structure-guided development pipeline that combines an established virtual ligand docking protocol, and in vitro and in vivo validation. Lead hits will be used for development of a business and IP strategy to ensure the sustainable development of IDOL inhibitors for treating the MetS.

Mots-clés : metabolic syndrome,idol,lipid metabolism,structure guided drug development,virtual ligand docking
Projet ERC : BRiiGHT (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Proof of concept grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental constituents of matter
Entité participante : Imperial College London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 11397.5 €

The primary objective of this proposal is to build the first cheap and technically simple source of bright single photon states that have the characteristics (including state purity, repetition rate) to power photonic quantum technologies. Photonic quantum simulators have not been able to break into the regime where they outperform classical simulators because of the intrinsically probabilistic character of the photon sources, which means that in most runs of the simulator, there is no output. By means of a new type of room-temperature quantum memory and state-of-the-art heralded parametric down-conversion photon sources, we will change this: we shall make near-deterministic single photon sources. Briefly, a quantum memory is a device that is capable of capturing and then releasing quantum states, and are a key technology for photonic quantum technologies as they enable scalability. However, quantum memories had proved difficult to build with sufficiently low added noise, which prohibited them from operating at the quantum level. Very recently we invented and demonstrated the world’s first fast, noise-free and room-temperature quantum memory, Off-Resonant-Cascaded Absorption (ORCA). ORCA is the first full quantum memory that has the bandwidth to operate with nonlinear optical quantum light sources. Armed with our new quantum memory technology we will interface it with pure and identical photons produced via parametric down-conversion to produce BRiiGHT: Broadband Room-temperature Inexpensive & IndistinGuishable pHoTons. Our BRiiGHT module will be a rack-mounted, room-temperature, robust and inexpensive source of pure and indistinguishable photons. The outcome of the program will be the development of a technological platform that can be easily scaled up to provide the multi-photon resource states required for quantum simulation, quantum communication and elementary quantum computing tasks.

Mots-clés : quantum memory,single photon source,quantum networks,ambient conditions,quantum technologies
Projet ERC : FNPMLS (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental constituents of matter
Entité participante : University of Manchester — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1846541.99 €

The prime research theme of this project is the study of short-lived exotic nuclei with laser spectroscopy. Over the next 5 years my team will study the role of three-nucleon forces and their associated influence on nuclear structure and the limits of nuclear existence. This work will investigate the interplay between tensor and central forces and the associated effect on quantum shells in exotic nuclear systems. This proposal will study how the shape of the nucleus is modified at the limits of nuclear existence. We will use innovative laser spectroscopy methods to achieve these goals. The project will be carried out at the ISOLDE facility, CERN, which is the premier radioactive beam facility at the precision frontier. The proposed research activity closely matches the NuPECC (Nuclear Physics European Collaboration Committee) 2010 Long Range Plan. The wider scientific impact of this research will influence modelling explosive stellar processes and nuclear synthesis, understanding the structure of astrophysical compact-objects such as neutron stars and predicting regions of enhanced stability in the super heavy elements. The FNPMLS project will develop ultra-sensitive methodologies that set a new paradigm in laser spectroscopy. It builds on the cutting edge technology of collinear resonance ionization spectroscopy (CRIS) that I have developed during my STFC Advanced Fellowship. The CRIS technique combines the high resolution nature of collinear laser spectroscopy with the high sensitivity of resonance ionization spectroscopy. The research programme and investment outlined in this proposal will place my team in a unique and world leading position. This work will happen in advance of the next generation of radioactive beam facility such as SPIRAL2, FAIR and FRIB and will provide the essential ingredients for future fundamental questions.
Projet ERC : MOAB (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : Politecnico di Milano — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : POLIMI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 105000.0 €

The problem that we address is that the pharmaceutical companies do not develop radically new drugs anymore, because the development process lasts ten years and costs around one billion euro. Development of a new drug is subjected to regulatory approvals following three demonstrations: lab discovery in vitro, animal testing in vivo and clinical trial on patients. This process has 99.9% overall failure, of which 96.4% because the drug efficacy measured in vitro is not confirmed in animals. In fact, the most widespread technology used to test therapeutic agents in vitro, a flat culture dish in which single cell populations are cultured and the drug to be tested is added to the culture, is obsolete. In many pathologies such as cancer and neurodegeneration, in vivo response to drugs is based on complex interactions, occurring in three-dimensions (3D) between several cell populations. To solve this problem, in the context of an ERC consolidator grant (CoG) that I currently lead, I integrated a novel nano-patterned 3D substrate for stem cell culture, called the “nichoid”, into an existing miniaturised optically accessible bioreactor (MOAB). The MOAB allows to culture 3D organoids of few millimetres in size, under continuous perfusion of the culture medium, infusion of the drug to be tested and diagnostics of cell response both in real time and also post-cultivation. Both the original inventions (the nichoid and the MOAB) are covered by Italian patents originated in the frame of the CoG project and already extended as PCT. The goal of this PoC proposal is to perform a technical and commercial feasibility to move to the market the MOAB device integrating the nichoid-patterned substrate. I will characterize the fluid-dynamics of the bioreactor chamber that has been modified to accommodate the nichoid substrate. Also, I will set a market assessment and an actionable IPR strategy with identification of a suitable exploitation strategy for valorising the patent/know how.

Mots-clés : bioengineering,drug discovery,cell model,bioreactor,scaffold,millifluidic,computational fluid dynamics,perfusion,optical microscopy,miniaturization,two photon polymerization,nano fabrication,stem cells
Projet ERC : CSRS (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : University of Birmingham — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1790580.0 €

The profound trauma associated with rape and sexual violence in conflict has been extensively explored within existing scholarship. The fact that many survivors exhibit remarkable post-trauma resilience, however, remains critically under-investigated. CSRS will address this fundamental gap by undertaking a paradigm-shifting empirical study of the underlying conditions for resilience. It will then use this data to pioneer a new, survivor-centred model of transitional justice – the process of redressing the legacy of massive human rights abuses. Using the three comparative case studies of Bosnia-Hercegovina (BiH), the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Colombia, and adopting a social-ecological approach that emphasizes the interactions between individuals and their environments, CSRS consists of two inter-linked parts. The first part will involve extensive fieldwork, using a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods, to generate a rich cross-cultural dataset that identifies and explains the key micro, meso and macro factors that foster resilience in survivors of war rape and sexual violence. The second part of CSRS will use this dataset to build an innovative, bottom-up model of transitional justice that prioritizes the long-term needs of survivors, reflecting the project’s hypothesis that a positive correlation exists between fulfilment of needs and resilience. This model will be developed with the input of survivors in BiH, the DRC and Colombia and in consultation with transitional justice scholars and practitioners. CSRS aims to transform transitional justice theory and practice. The project outputs will therefore include both academic publications and policy reports to communicate the model to the governments of the case study countries, the United Nations and a wider international audience with the overall aim of making empowerment and resilience part of a new transitional justice agenda.

Mots-clés : rape and sexual violence in conflict,resilience,transitional justice
Projet ERC : QuDeT (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Condensed matter physics
Entité participante : Aalto University — Pays : Finlande — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2398536.0 €

The project addresses quantum devices in hybrid systems formed using carbon nanotubes, graphene, and 3He superfluid, all with particular topological characteristics. Topological properties of these non-trivial materials can be drastically modified by introducing defects or interfaces into them, like single layer graphene into superfluid helium, boron nitride between graphene sheets, carbon nanotubes in 3He superfluid, or misfit dislocation layers into HOPG graphite. We are particularly interested in graphene/3He systems where graphene acts as an interface/substrate of interacting atomic ensembles. The atomic interactions across graphene are expected to provide novel mesoscopic condensates. By studying the topological phases of thin 3He layers and graphene immersed into superfluid 3He, we will investigate pairing across the graphene interface, deduce the origin of supercurrents, and look for excitonic superfluidity in these systems. Single walled carbon nanotubes provide high-quality nanomechanical resonators with extraordinary properties. By using proximity-induced superconductivity, these objects will be integrated into circuit optomechanics in a way that facilitates strong coupling between the mechanical motion and the microwave cavity. By using adiabatic nuclear refrigeration, these non-linear quantum objects will be cooled below 1 mK, at the temperature of which the quantum ground state is reached. The cooling relies on immersion of the SWNT into superfluid 3He which, in the limit T -> 0, provides a quantum vacuum with unique topological properties. Intriguingly, the characteristics of this vacuum can be probed by ultrasensitive detectors provided by the suspended SWNTs. Finally, besides non-classical phonon states, e.g. Fock states in the mechanical resonator, reaching the ground state of such an anharmonic oscillator will allow studies of quantum tunnelling of a macroscopic object from its metastable minimum when biased with a large gate voltage.
Projet ERC : ENTPAR (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : Heidelberg University — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1220325.0 €

The project addresses the entangled histories of deliberative decision making, political representation and constitutionalism on the territories of the former Russian and Qing Empires and focuses on the cases of Russia, Ukraine, China and Mongolia between 1905 and 2005. Employing the perspectives of the New Imperial History and Transcultural Studies, the project overcomes narrow state-centered approaches and takes advantage of multidisciplinary methodology crossing history and political science. The project traces parliamentary developments, the interactions among imperial and post-imperial intellectuals and their engagement in global discussions, shared imperial legacies, mutual borrowings and references, imperial and post-imperial political practices and translatability of concepts. It seeks to refute the stereotypes about inclinations towards democracy in particular national contexts by tracing relevant transnational practices and interactions and providing a nuanced political and intellectual history of parliamentarism. The team of five researchers (the PI, three PhD students and a post-doctoral researcher), will discuss and develop five individual and three cooperative studies. The PI will write a global history of parliaments and quasi-parliamentary institutions in Russia’s imperial formations (the State Duma of the Russian Empire, the congresses of soviets and the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation). The three PhD students with relevant language skills will focus on parliamentary developments in the Ukrainian, Chinese (including Hong Kong and Taiwan) and Mongolian contexts. The post-doctoral researcher will explore the translatability of concepts between Russian, Chinese, Mongolian, Ukrainian and English. The three cooperative projects will focus on traditional institutions of deliberative decision making in the abovementioned contexts; the Communist International and institutional exchange; and the role of parliaments in major social transformations.

Mots-clés : new imperial history,transcultural studies
Projet ERC : C-Levitonics (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CEA
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 149404.0 €

The project addresses the field of wireless digital communication. This field has constantly grown during the last twenty years with the development of cell phones and WiFi Local Area Network and with the development of digital TV broadcasting and satellite communications. A second expansion of digital communications has recently started with networks of objects: Bluetooth smart devices are available to consumers and RFID devices are used for object tagging, security identification and health sensors. Connecting devices will lead in a very near future to the Internet of Things. Digital communications form a huge market of 100 billion of transceivers connecting humans and devices. Any technological improvement is expected to generate important economic benefits. This is the aim of C-Levitonics. To physically encode binary information, wireless, optical fiber or copper wire data transmissions are based on the modulation of the phase or the amplitude of an electromagnetic wave, called carrier wave. A new waveform for the phase modulation associated with an elementary symbol (or bit) is proposed. It derives from a direct application to classical physics of the recently discovered levitons in quantum physics, a by-product of a former ERC AdG MeQuaNO project. The new modulation, called Single Side Band Phase Shift Keying (SSB-PSK), provides attractive spectral properties: single side band (SSB) spectrum (highly desired feature in optical or radio communications) and reduced frequency bandwidth allowing more users in a frequency range. Totally new (patent pending) SSB-PSK can operate using existing digital communication technology. A convincing demonstrator based on software radio technology will be delivered. In parallel a market prospective will identify the best markets and the technical specifications adjusted to them. At the end of the C-Levitonics project a start-up will be created providing development, consulting services and licensed technology transfer.

Mots-clés : information and communication technology,digital communication,wireless data transmission,phase shift keying,frequency shift keying,single side band,phase modulation