Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : CAncAn (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Texts and Concepts
Entité participante : Université Ca' Foscari de Venise — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1598515.0 €

The project addresses the question of messages, modes and participants in the communication of three Anatolian cultures, Lydians, Luwians and Phrygians, ca. 1200–546 BCE. Living in adjacent territories, they were verifiably in contact with one another. They are normally studied in isolation by different academic subjects, leading to missed intercultural references and interconnections, and preventing the reconstruction of a comprehensive picture. The three cultures, their interesting and diverse text sources, their relationships with one another and their (dis)unity as cultural entities are currently underresearched, and only parts of their text corpora are available in modern editions. The project will be the first to study both internal and external sources from other Ancient Near Eastern and Classical texts together, using a combined semiotic and narratological approach examining text structure, processes of meaning-making, communication and transmission. Texts and their material supports not only generate and exchange meaning, they also preserve information on communication processes in the context of specific realms. Reading these texts with a focus on narrative and discourse will allow a new insight into formative parameters of ancient societies, especially values, cognitive patterns, and the needs and motifs of the participants. This marks a huge shift from traditional, event-based readings towards an analysis of belief and behaviour. The project will be ground-breaking in its application and adaption of concepts from semiotics and narratology, which were developed for the study of the modern world and have never before been applied to the study of these ancient texts. The project will draw a new picture of cultural clusters and their parameters, and provide new data for understanding ancient and modern identities and the potential of cultural differences. Its novel insight into communication can be extended to other Ancient World studies.
Projet ERC : CowDom (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Soci al World and Its Interactions
Entité participante : Université Ca' Foscari de Venise — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1611768.0 €

Starting with Columbus’ third trip to the Caribbean, Iberian cattle accompanied humans in the colonization of the South American continent. Since then, the cattle population has grown exponentially all over the region, adapting to a variety of local ecologies, being exported all over the world and leading to the cattle industry’s “spectacular” historical trajectory and economic success. Nevertheless, the increase in beef and diary cattle production brought along negative consequences such as deforestation, climate change and social inequality. Although the influence of cattle-human relationships on society has been an object of study since the beginnings of the anthropological discipline, the study of their entanglement with colonial ideologies and of their influence on South American society is just starting to take shape. In order to highlight cultural and historical trajectories and create a new framework of analysis, Cow-Dom will compare different forms of human-cattle relationships by focusing on opposing relational configurations of the domestication process - feral cattle on the one hand and the so-called racially "improved" cattle on the other - in some of the South American countries with the most intensive cattle production (Argentina, Brazil, Colombia and Paraguay). What values and ideologies, frictions and dilemmas, and what new socio-ecological systems did cattle’s presence enable both at the center and at the margins of society? In order to answer these questions, CowDom will rely on long-term ethnographic fieldwork in cattle fairs and in areas with feral and semi-feral cattle. The fieldwork will be carried out by interdisciplinary teams formed by zoologists and anthropologists. The project will establish an innovative theoretical framework to analyse cattle-human relationships in a post-colonial context and incorporate experimental research tools such as video making and the collaboration with a contemporary art museum in South America.

Mots-clés : multispecies ethnography plantationocene south american colonialism social anthropology of south america anthropology of domestication
Projet ERC : ACTIONS (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Materials Engineering
Entité participante : Université de technologie de Chemnitz — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1994165.0 €

ACTIONS proposes a material-based concept to drastically reduce the energy consumption of magnet-based micro- and nanotechnologies. Magnetic systems offer unique advantages for actuation in miniature fluidic and robotic systems, but their integration is hindered because electromagnets are required to create time-varying magnetic fields, causing joule energy loss and heat effects. Alternative control of magnetic materials using an electric field instead of electric current would present an energy-efficient solution. However, established magnetoelectric effects are small and restricted to low temperature or high voltage. Recently, we have demonstrated low-voltage control of magnetic films in liquid electrolytes by exploiting electrochemical reactions and ionic motion. ACTIONS targets the engineering of these emerging magneto-ionic materials to use their immense unexplored potential for low power actuation. The innovative strategy of ACTIONS is to transfer magneto-ionic effects of ferromagnetic metal thin films in liquid electrolytes to 3D nanomagnets and assemblies with defined anisotropy and at critical points. I will use a unique combination of in situ analytical and magnetic techniques to study the magneto-ionic control of magnetization; on this base I plan to attain magneto-ionic micromagnets with voltage-reconfigurable stray fields, which can potentially replace microelectromagnets. Additionally, ACTIONS recognizes the inherent cross-link between electrochemistry and magnetism in magneto-ionic systems as a ground-breaking route to combine actuation and sensing in one material. Interfacial chemistry sensing will be based on the electrical response. The final objective is to identify materials in which actuation and sensing can be programmed on demand by a voltage protocol. The concept in ACTIONS goes beyond conventional multifunctional composites and could establish a paradigm change in magnetic technologies and a novel class of energy-saving smart materials.

Mots-clés : magneto ionic,magnetoelectric,electrodeposition,voltage control of magnetism,nanomagnetism,
Projet ERC : MIA-NORMAL (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer Science and Informatics
Entité participante : Université Friedrich-Alexander d'Erlangen-Nuremberg — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1997841.0 €

As one of the most important aspects of diagnosis, treatment planning, treatment delivery, and follow-up, medical imaging provides an unmatched ability to identify disease with high accuracy. As a result of its success, referrals for imaging examinations have increased significantly. However, medical imaging depends on interpretation by highly specialised clinical experts and is thus rarely available at the front-line-of-care, for patient triage, or for frequent follow-ups. Very often, excluding certain conditions or confirming physiological normality would be essential at many stages of the patient journey, to streamline referrals and relieve pressure on human experts who have limited capacity. Hence, there is a strong need for increased imaging with automated diagnostic support for clinicians, healthcare professionals, and caregivers.  Machine learning is expected to be an algorithmic panacea for diagnostic automation. However, despite significant advances such as Deep Learning with notable impact on real-world applications, robust confirmation of normality is still an unsolved problem, which cannot be addressed with established approaches. Like clinical experts, machines should also be able to verify the absence of pathology by contrasting new images with their knowledge about healthy anatomy and expected physiological variability. Thus, the aim of this proposal is to develop normative representation learning as a new machine learning paradigm for medical imaging, providing patient-specific computational tools for robust confirmation of normality, image quality control, health screening, and prevention of disease before onset. We will do this by developing novel Deep Learning approaches that can learn without manual labels from healthy patient data only, applicable to cross-sectional, sequential, and multi-modal data. Resulting models will be able to extract clinically useful and actionable information as early and frequent as possible during patient journeys.

Mots-clés : normative machine learning,out of distribution detection,medical imaging,health screening,opportunistic lesion detection,fetal and neonatal care
Projet ERC : PAR2 (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Soci al World and Its Interactions
Entité participante : Université Friedrich-Alexander d'Erlangen-Nuremberg — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1226813.75 €

How does life, how does a person change when one becomes a parent? Are new parents really lost as close friends? Are they actually better listeners because they have learned to put themselves second? Why are some parents caring and attuned to their children’s needs when others struggle? It is surprising that researchers have so far overlooked the transition to parenthood as a driver for social-developmental change and have hardly zoomed in on parenting as social behaviour. Like any other social behaviour, substantial individual differences can be found between parents but research has neglected various likely determinants. PAR2 changes this by 1) elucidating whether, indeed, parents develop differently in the social realm compared to people without children, and 2) using the methodological tools of social development research to test why parents differ in the ways they parent. To achieve this, we compare parents and people without children on social-emotional skills and social behaviour using longitudinal cohorts that span multiple decades across adolescence and adulthood (WP1). How parenting behaviour -as a unique social behaviour in adulthood- is being shaped under different circumstances and in different people, is central in work packages 2-4. We use longitudinal social networks (WP2), multiple-generation cohorts (WP3), and social genome data (WP4) to understand the influence of 1) family, partner, friends, and other parents, 2) social relationships prior to becoming a parent, and 3) own, partner, and child genes on parenting. PAR2 significantly innovates research on social development by explicitly conceptualizing parenthood as a crucial transition and parenting as social behaviour. Viewing parenthood as driver of developmental change and parenting as social behaviour means that PAR2 generates a novel direction in research and will result in significant theoretical and methodological innovation to our understanding of variation in human development.

Mots-clés : parenting,parenthood,social development,multiple generation cohort,social network,social genome
Projet ERC : SSE1K (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Study of the Human Past
Entité participante : Université Ca' Foscari de Venise — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1382973.01 €

In the Mediterranean in the first millennium CE, environmental and climatic changes have been identified as causes for significant short- and long-term societal and political processes and events, such as epidemics and the rise and fall of empires. However, the effects of environmental or climatic variation on humans are substantially more complex than a narrative of causation of major events, since culturally specific perceptions and interpretations of environmental or climatic variation can have significant social, religious or political implications.  SSE1K builds on state-of-the-art research but goes beyond it to ask novel, important questions about relationships between past societies and environmental / climatic fluctuation. The project will pioneer an approach which is both multi- and interdisciplinary, centring on these questions: How did humans experience and perceive environmental and climatic variation across the Mediterranean in the first millennium CE, and how did they respond both intellectually and socially to these changing conditions? SSE1K addresses issues which have been raised as significant challenges for collaborative study of climate change but have yet to be fully addressed: it will investigate how the circulation of knowledge and adaptability intersect with sustainability and resilience in pre-modern societies, and how human perceptions and ways of thinking shaped societal, political or religious responses to environmental / climatic change.  The project will integrate textual, archaeological and environmental evidence to investigate a large geographical area (the Mediterranean) at a scale which balances human lived experience and climate trends (the first millennium CE) over macro- and micro-levels. This integration is crucial in producing a holistic picture of past knowledge, resilience and sustainability, and will change the ways that scholars understand the relationships between past humans and environmental / climatic fluctuation.

Mots-clés : environmental history environmental archaeology historical climatology history of science intellectual culture climatology and climate change
Projet ERC : BANG (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Compl exity
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1966250.0 €

Species are often the most diverse at their origins, and all modern humans can trace their origins back to Africa. Our ability to communicate through language defines us; every human being speaks (or signs) at least one language. We may never know when our current forms of language were first spoken, or what speakers sounded like, but we can be assured that primordial languages were spoken in Africa. Yet, a paradox presents itself with respect to the apparent lack of linguistic heterogeneity in Africa: the languages comprise only four of the world’s more than 150 families. Isolates, languages with no known living relatives, represent the missing links between today’s homogeneity and the past’s diversity.  Bangime may represent the only confirmed language isolate spoken today in interior West Africa. Its speakers, the Bangande, have resisted genetic admixture with neighboring populations for upwards of 9.000 years. The root of their eponym [BANG], means ‘hidden’ or ‘secret’ in surrounding Dogon languages whose linguistic and genetic ancestors are almost as mysterious.  ERC-BANG will search for evidence of contact or inheritance between Bangime and a hitherto unexplored set of West African languages and populations using computationally-supported methods. Our research team will conduct an in-depth study of culturally significant and historically relevant loan words, so that a statistician can incorporate these findings into stochastic models of language diffusion. A geneticist will process the entire Bangande genome to compare with West African populations from a wider range than thus far considered. Together, we will perform a character-based Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of the Dogon languages to estimate the time depth of the group in order to test settlement hypotheses and proposed migration patterns. Completion of this project will uncover traces of vanished ethnolinguistic varieties in West Africa, and our methods can be replicated to solve similar questions.

Mots-clés : language and population isolates computer supported approaches to historical linguistics language origins west africa
Projet ERC : OUTOFTHEBLUE (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Consolidator grants)
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1804708.19 €

This project will bridge gaps between micro and macro evolution by ascertaining the evolutionary feedbacks between trait and species diversification, focusing on closely-related species living in sympatry. Sympatric species often differ in suites of traits involved in niche partitioning: how do ecological interactions induce the sequential evolution of series of traits? In turn, how does phenotypic divergence open up new niches and fuel sympatric speciation? The project focuses on the neo-tropical butterfly genus Morpho where multiple behavioural and morphological traits strikingly differ between sympatric species living in the canopy vs. understorey. Studying trait variations within and among these closely-related species living in sympatry allows reconstructing the evolutionary steps leading to the divergence in suites of traits linked to niche specialization. Within the understorey clade, striking parallel geographic variations are observed among sympatric species, resulting in repeated local convergences in iridescent blue wing patterns, that may be driven by mimicry among these fast-flying, conspicuous butterflies. Such evasive mimicry may induce costly reproductive interferences, favouring segregation of circadian activities between species and thus contributing to the speciation process. The project relies on the original combination of both up-to-date and field-based approaches: (1) cutting-edge phenotypic characterisation of complex traits (eg. iridescence, flight) (2) empirical estimations of selective forces with wild butterflies (3) machine learning-based population genomics applied to demographic inferences (4) and mathematical modelling of density-dependent processes with stochasticity. These innovative approaches will shed light on unrevealed ecological interactions between species, impacting diversification of traits and species, therefore bringing major scientific breakthrough and attracting society attention on biodiversity loss in Amazonia.

Mots-clés : mimicry,speciation,phenotypic diversification,mate choice,reproductive interference
Projet ERC : MicroRescue (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Environmental B iology, Ecology  and E volution
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2272881.0 €

Earth’s climate crisis threatens to disrupt ecosystem services and destabilize food security. Communities of microorganisms, called microbiomes, provide critical functions that feedback on climate and support soil and plant health. I propose a new framework, Microbiome Rescue, to recover microbial populations and lost functions after disturbances. With critical knowledge about the ecology of microbiomes and their contributions to creating resilient systems, I propose that we can achieve a paradigm shift in ecosystem management via directed microbiome interventions. Here, I focus on elaborating rescue strategies that leverage the selective reactivation of dormant microbes. Because microbial dormancy is extensive in soil and the rhizosphere, reactivation offers access to untapped biodiversity and provides immediate solutions for maintaining functions in ecosystems affected by climate change. My first objective is to understand and predict the capacity of dormant soil microorganisms to rescue microbiomes in a changing climate and discover reactivated bacteria that facilitate resilience. My second objective is to investigate and develop bacterial reactivation for rescue-based microbiome management to support plant resilience to climate change stressors and preserve plant-soil feedback. To achieve these goals, I will execute three multi-factor experiments to reactivate the dormant microbiome from soil and plant systems after exposure to heat and moisture stress. First I will perform a heat and moisture experiment for European soils, assess risk, and curate microbial collections that support functional rescue. Next I will perform two practical rescue experiments for the microbiomes of legumes exposed to heat and moisture stress: customized microbiological amendments and host-microbiome engineering. This work will provide unprecedented insights into microbiome rescue and identify targets for biological interventions to support soil and crop resilience to climate change.

Mots-clés : resilience,metagenomics,disturbance ecology
Projet ERC : FeBo (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Study of the Human Past
Entité participante : Université de Trente — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 668961.0 €

"Federation for Peace in Ancient Greece” is the title of a well-known article published by J.A.O. Larsen in 1944 (Classical Philology 39: 145-62). As the world was being ravaged by war, Larsen wondered about the potential of federalism as a means of conflict resolution. The subject of his study was federal organisations in a broad sense in ancient Greece, but the research clearly stemmed from a question that is today becoming increasingly topical: can federal organisations limit or even eliminate intra-federal war? The project "FeBo: Federalism and Border Management in Greek Antiquity" starts from the assumption that the question above, which continues to be asked by scholars, no longer makes sense. Despite romantic projections, federalisation processes do not guarantee peaceful coexistence, neither within the constituent federal organisations nor on their external borders. This is true for both ancient Greece and the contemporary world. As far as ancient Greece is concerned (and perhaps not only ancient Greece), the question should focus rather on borders: how did the Greek federal states deal with the problem of internal (intra-federal) as well as external borders? The aim of this project is to demonstrate that (a) Greek federal states implemented precise border management policies; (b) these policies did not aim at peaceful coexistence, but rather at maintaining a balance of power and stability; and (c) in order to be successful, these strategies had to take into account economic, ethnic, cultural and religious networks, i.e. there had to be a multi-level policy of border management. In order to prove these points, it will be necessary to adopt a holistic perspective that takes into account not only political borders, but also everyone and everything that crossed and animated these, giving rise in turn to economic/cultural/ethnic/religious networks or even communities of destiny, which were of crucial importance for the stability of a federal state. Politics was not enough. Much more was needed.

Mots-clés : federalism,borders,koinon,peace,war,balance of power