Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : DAPP (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer science and informatics
Entité participante : Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology — Pays : Suisse — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ETH Zurich
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499672.0 €

We address a fundamental and increasingly important challenge in computer science: how to program large-scale heterogeneous parallel computers. Society relies on these computers to satisfy the growing demands of important applications such as drug design, weather prediction, and big data analytics. Architectural trends make heterogeneous parallel processors the fundamental building blocks of computing platforms ranging from quad-core laptops to million-core supercomputers; failing to exploit these architectures efficiently will severely limit the technological advance of our society. Computationally demanding problems are often inherently parallel and can readily be compiled for various target architectures. Yet, efficiently mapping data to the target memory system is notoriously hard, and the cost of fetching two operands from remote memory is already orders of magnitude more expensive than any arithmetic operation. Data access cost is growing with the amount of parallelism which makes data layout optimizations crucial. Prevalent parallel programming abstractions largely ignore data access and guide programmers to design threads of execution that are scheduled to the machine. We depart from this control-centric model to a data-centric program formulation where we express programs as collections of values, called memlets, that are mapped as first-class objects by the compiler and runtime system. Our holistic compiler and runtime system aims to substantially advance the state of the art in parallel computing by combining static and dynamic scheduling of memlets to complex heterogeneous target architectures. We will demonstrate our methods on three challenging real-world applications in scientific computing, data analytics, and graph processing. We strongly believe that, without holistic data-centric programming, the growing complexity and inefficiency of parallel programming will create a scaling wall that will limit our future computational capabilities.

Mots-clés : high performance computing  hpc,exascale computing,parallel programming models,parallel runtime systems
Projet ERC : HOPE (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Synergy grants)
Entité participante : Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Inserm
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2279749.53 €

We aim at shedding a unique light on hippocampal function at circuit level through the design of a novel method to trace the construction of brain circuits in health and disease based on hybrid multiphoton in vivo longitudinal color imaging of the dynamics and structure of genetically-tagged neuronal clones from birth into adulthood. This is made possible by the exceptional interdisciplinary collaboration of three labs with expertise in advanced optical microscopy, genetic engineering and systems developmental neuroscience. Our novel methodology, applied here to the hippocampus, will pioneer a new way to track the emergence and plasticity of heterogeneous neuronal circuits as these progressively give rise to function in physiological and pathological contexts, thus bridging the gap between early development and adult circuit physio-pathology. This will enable us to revisit adult hippocampal function from a developmental perspective. The hippocampus is classically described as providing a cognitive map of space, involved in navigation, learning, and episodic memory. However, a more computational and less representational vision of its role presently emerges in which its circuits are best described as producing sequences of neuronal activation arising from the interaction between external contextual inputs and internally-generated preconfigured dynamics. Converging work including ours leads us to hypothesize that internally preconfigured assemblies, shaped by their developmental journey, are the basic modules of hippocampal function. In this context, we will use our new approach to address three interrelated questions: 1) Are assemblies shaped by specific circuits in the adult hippocampus (objective A)? 2) Are they prewired or shaped by experience (objective B)? 3) What is their patho-physiological significance (objective C)? Addressing these major issues raises a timely challenge in both optics and genetic engineering at the core of this synergistic proposal.

Mots-clés : nonlinear microscopy,multiphoton microscopy,adaptive optics,light sheet microscopy,tissue imaging,harmonic generation microscopy,bioimage informatics,large image data,cell lineage,clonal analysis,connectomics,neurodevelopement,brainbow,genetic engineering,calcium imaging,hippocampus,development,circuits,neuronal dynamics
Projet ERC : BIZEB (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions
Entité participante : University of Oxford — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1345633.74 €

We aim to understand host cell entry of enveloped viruses at molecular level. A crucial step in this process is when the viral membrane fuses with the cell membrane. Similarly to cell–cell fusion, this step is mediated by fusion proteins (classes I–III). Several medically important viruses, notably dengue and many bunyaviruses, harbour a class II fusion protein. Class II fusion protein structures have been solved in pre- and post-fusion conformation and in some cases different factors promoting fusion have been determined. However, questions about the most important steps of this key process remain unanswered. I will focus on the entry mechanism of bunyaviruses by using cutting-edge, high spatial and temporal resolution bio-imaging techniques. These viruses have been chosen as a model system to maximise the significance of the project: they form an emerging viral threat to humans and animals, no approved vaccines or antivirals exist for human use and they are less studied than other class II fusion protein systems. Cryo-electron microscopy and tomography will be used to solve high-resolution structures (up to ~3 Å) of viruses, in addition to virus–receptor and virus–membrane complexes. Advanced fluorescence microscopy techniques will be used to probe the dynamics of virus entry and fusion in vivo and in vitro. Deciphering key steps in virus entry is expected to contribute to rational vaccine and drug design. During this project I aim to establish a world-class laboratory in structural and cellular biology of emerging viruses. The project greatly benefits from our unique biosafety level 3 laboratory offering advanced bio-imaging techniques. Furthermore it will also pave way for similar projects on other infectious viruses. Finally the novel computational image processing methods developed in this project will be broadly applicable for the analysis of flexible biological structures, which often pose the most challenging yet interesting questions in structural biology.
Projet ERC : EROS (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : University of Cambridge — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : U. Cambridge
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1913521.0 €

We are at the beginning of a Data Age. Data is exploding. In 2016, 90% of the world’s data ever created was in the two previous years. AI and data analytics are further increasing the growth. The power demand is huge and growing. Within a few years some developed countries will not have sufficient power to sustain the growth. The negative effects on the planet are serious. Non-volatile memory (NVM) technology (including memory and neuromorphic computing elements in a single device) could strongly help to solve the problem, giving two orders of magnitude power reduction and, by removing the data transfer bottleneck, increased speed. Oxide memristors have significant advantages over competing NVM technologies, particularly in terms of speed, cost and temperature stability. However, after more than a decade of intense effort, serious challenges remain in terms of scaling, uniformity and robustness. The challenges all relate to a lack of precise control of the materials. Completely new thinking in thin film materials engineering is needed. EROS provides this new thinking by designing and engineering new forms of nanostructured oxide films to give highly Efficient, Robust Oxide Switching in an ultra-dense, ultra-low power, reliable oxide memristor system, with potential to change the technology landscape in AI, IoT, and security. ‘Ideal’ films will first be designed, fabricated, and understood. These will direct the way to simple industry-platform devices. Stochastic effects will be eliminated by creating films with separate vertical nanoscale ionic and electron channels with highly controlled vacancy and electronic concentrations, allowing scaling to a few nm, in a forming-free system. Also, multifunctional hybrid structures will be developed to give robustness. Furthermore, ferroelectricity will be induced, allowing simpler and smaller devices. Confidence in the proposed approach comes from proof-of-concept model systems shown by the PI.

Mots-clés : memristor,functional oxides,materials engineering
Projet ERC : SURFACE (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth system science
Entité participante : University of Oulu — Pays : Finlande — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : U. Oulu
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499625.99 €

We are changing the composition of Earth’s atmosphere, with profound consequences for the environment and our wellbeing. Tiny aerosol particles are globally responsible for much of the health effects and mortality related to air pollution and play key roles in regulating Earth’s climate via their critical influence on both radiation balance and cloud formation. Every single cloud droplet has been nucleated on the surface of an aerosol particle. Aerosols and droplets provide the media for condensed-phase chemistry in the atmosphere, but large gaps remain in our understanding of their formation, transformations, and climate interactions. Surface properties may play crucial roles in these processes, but currently next to nothing is known about the surfaces of atmospheric aerosols and cloud droplets and their impacts are almost entirely unconstrained. My recent work strongly suggests that such surfaces are significantly different from their associated bulk material and that these unique properties can impact aerosol processes all the way to the global scale. Very few surface-specific properties are currently considered when evaluating aerosol effects on atmospheric chemistry and global climate. Novel developments of cutting-edge computational and experimental methods, in particular synchrotron-based photoelectron spectroscopy, now for the first time makes direct molecular-level characterizations of atmospheric surfaces feasible. This project will demonstrate and quantify potential surface impacts in the atmosphere, by first directly characterizing realistic atmospheric surfaces, and then trace fingerprints of specific surface properties in a hierarchy of experimental and modelled aerosol processes and atmospheric effects. Successful demonstrations of unique aerosol surface fingerprints will constitute truly novel insights into a currently uncharted area of the atmospheric system and identify an entirely new frontier in aerosol research and atmospheric science.

Mots-clés : synchrotron based spectroscopy,secondary organic aerosol,atmospheric surfaces,aerosol heterogeneous reactions,aerosol cloud interactions,organic volatility,organic surfactants
Projet ERC : ANADEL (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : Université Côte d'Azur — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UCA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 118097.5 €

We are concerned with localization properties of solutions to hyperbolic PDEs, especially problems with a geometric component: how do boundaries and heterogeneous media influence spreading and concentration of solutions. While our first focus is on wave and Schrödinger equations on manifolds with boundary, strong connections exist with phase space localization for (clusters of) eigenfunctions, which are of independent interest. Motivations come from nonlinear dispersive models (in physically relevant settings), properties of eigenfunctions in quantum chaos (related to both physics of optic fiber design as well as number theoretic questions), or harmonic analysis on manifolds. Waves propagation in real life physics occur in media which are neither homogeneous or spatially infinity. The birth of radar/sonar technologies (and the raise of computed tomography) greatly motivated numerous developments in microlocal analysis and the linear theory. Only recently toy nonlinear models have been studied on a curved background, sometimes compact or rough. Understanding how to extend such tools, dealing with wave dispersion or focusing, will allow us to significantly progress in our mathematical understanding of physically relevant models. There, boundaries appear naturally and most earlier developments related to propagation of singularities in this context have limited scope with respect to crucial dispersive effects. Despite great progress over the last decade, driven by the study of quasilinear equations, our knowledge is still very limited. Going beyond this recent activity requires new tools whose development is at the heart of this proposal, including good approximate solutions (parametrices) going over arbitrarily large numbers of caustics, sharp pointwise bounds on Green functions, development of efficient wave packets methods, quantitative refinements of propagation of singularities (with direct applications in control theory), only to name a few important ones.

Mots-clés : microlocal analysis,hyperbolic pde,boundary value problems,analysis on manifolds,wave and schrodinger equations,dispersion,strichartz,eigenfunctions,propagation of singularities
Projet ERC : ANADEL (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : Sorbonne Université — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : Sorbonne U
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 61677.5 €

We are concerned with localization properties of solutions to hyperbolic PDEs, especially problems with a geometric component: how do boundaries and heterogeneous media influence spreading and concentration of solutions. While our first focus is on wave and Schrödinger equations on manifolds with boundary, strong connections exist with phase space localization for (clusters of) eigenfunctions, which are of independent interest. Motivations come from nonlinear dispersive models (in physically relevant settings), properties of eigenfunctions in quantum chaos (related to both physics of optic fiber design as well as number theoretic questions), or harmonic analysis on manifolds. Waves propagation in real life physics occur in media which are neither homogeneous or spatially infinity. The birth of radar/sonar technologies (and the raise of computed tomography) greatly motivated numerous developments in microlocal analysis and the linear theory. Only recently toy nonlinear models have been studied on a curved background, sometimes compact or rough. Understanding how to extend such tools, dealing with wave dispersion or focusing, will allow us to significantly progress in our mathematical understanding of physically relevant models. There, boundaries appear naturally and most earlier developments related to propagation of singularities in this context have limited scope with respect to crucial dispersive effects. Despite great progress over the last decade, driven by the study of quasilinear equations, our knowledge is still very limited. Going beyond this recent activity requires new tools whose development is at the heart of this proposal, including good approximate solutions (parametrices) going over arbitrarily large numbers of caustics, sharp pointwise bounds on Green functions, development of efficient wave packets methods, quantitative refinements of propagation of singularities (with direct applications in control theory), only to name a few important ones.

Mots-clés : microlocal analysis,hyperbolic pde,boundary value problems,analysis on manifolds,wave and schrodinger equations,dispersion,strichartz,eigenfunctions,propagation of singularities
Projet ERC : TALE (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : University Hospital of Basel — Pays : Suisse — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : USB
Type d'entité : Organismes publics (hors enseignement & recherche)
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2212223.0 €

We are currently witnessing a revolution in cell therapies that are routed in decades of basic research in genetics, cell biology and immunology. A deep understanding of mammalian, and in particular immune, cells is currently being translated into highly efficient cell-based therapeutics. Technologic breakthroughs in genetic and genome engineering are further fueling the generation of customized, high precision therapies that are based on cells as “smart drugs”. For instance, reprogramming immune killer cells to recognize B cell leukemias resulted in unprecedented clinical responses in treatment-resistant and relapsed patients. However, currently only very few, highly selected patients benefit from these developments. A fundamental problem of today’s cell therapies is that transferred cells cannot be distinguished from host cells. We have developed “allele engineering”, a new technology that solves this challenge. Here, we outline how allele engineering will improve the safety and efficacy of cell therapies. We will 1) generate a non-viral, DNA-free safety/shielding switch 2) develop a radically new curative approach to acute myeloid leukemia 3) rationally design a safe allele engineering solution for human therapy and 4) use allele engineering as a curative therapy of scurfy syndrome, a lethal monogenic autoimmune disease. Allele engineering enables completely new treatment strategies and can be applied to any surface protein. Therefore, I anticipate that the results will have a major impact on the field.

Mots-clés : cell therapy,car t cell,safety switch
Projet ERC : LiquOrg (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Synergy grants)
Entité participante : Sorbonne Université — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : Sorbonne U
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 123180.0 €

We are in the midst of a revolution in our understanding of the internal organization of cells. In the 1950s we learned that lipid bilayer-based membranes serve as containers (organelles) within the cytoplasm. Now we are learning that liquid-like “membrane-less” organelles i.e. without any container, self-assemble based on “liquid-liquid” phase separations. We propose the seemingly radical idea that membrane-bounded organelles– like their membrane-less counterparts- are stabilized or even templated by analogous phase separations of their surface proteins into largely planar liquids akin to liquid crystals. Our unique Synergy team is organized specifically to test this “liquid crystal hypothesis” on the cell’s secretory compartments - ER exit sites (ERES) and the Golgi stack - by employing our complementary skills in physics, physical chemistry, biochemistry and cell biology. We hypothesize based on pilot experiments evidence that the ERES and Golgi self-organize as a multi-layered series of adherent liquid crystal-like phases of “golgin” and similar proteins which surround and enclose their membranes. Their differential adhesion and repulsion would specify the topology and dynamics of the membrane compartments. If this is true, it will literally rewrite the history of cell biology. We will test the ‘liquid crystal’ hypothesis directly, systematically, and quantitatively on an unprecedented scale to either modify/disprove it or place it on a firm rigorous footing. Experiments (Aim 1) with 13 pure golgins in cis and trans pairwise combinations will establish their foundational physical chemistry. Surgically engineered changes in golgins/ERES proteins will alter the rank order (hierarchy) of their affinities for each other and link phase separation physics to cell biology (Aim 2) and be used to establish the structural basis of phase separations and their specificity, and the potential for self-assembly of wholly synthetic biological organelles (Aim 3).

Mots-clés : 2d phase separation,protein liquid crystals,synthetic golgi,atomic force microscopy,surface forces apparatus,giant unilamellar vesicles,er exit site,golgin
Projet ERC : Hot Milk (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Universe sciences
Entité participante : Max Planck Society — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : MPG
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 725000.0 €

We are less than one year away from the beginning of a revolution in our understanding of the hot, X-ray emitting, plasma of the Milky Way. The growth of galaxies in the local Universe critically depends on the interplay (via outflows and re-condensation) between the hot plasma with the other phases of the interstellar medium (ISM). As a prototype for typical spiral galaxies, the Milky Way offers the unique opportunity to capture the important details of such feedback all the way from sub-parsec to galactic scales. In the 90's, the ROSAT all-sky X-ray maps confirmed the existence of a hot component of the ISM, the Galactic corona. However, because of strong obscuration in the soft X-ray energy band, those maps have a limited horizon of ~1 kpc in the Galactic plane. Therefore, despite the fundamental role of the hot ISM phase, its properties are still basically unknown outside the Solar neighbourhood. My XMM surveys of the Galactic centre (GC) demonstrate that the hot ISM phase can be traced throughout the disc in the harder X-ray band, confirming the feasibility of this ERC project and the strong connection between GC activity and the Galactic corona. Additionally, the hot plasma is a plausible candidate for containing the missing Galactic baryons and a key ingredient for galaxy evolution. However, so far only less than 0.03% of the Milky Way has been covered by the narrow fields of view of current X-ray imaging telescopes. The eROSITA all-sky survey will rectify this state of affairs. Should this ERC proposal be approved, we will trace the connection and feedback between the Galactic corona and halo with the energetic activity at the GC (e.g., due to cosmic rays, stellar and AGN outflows). This will represent one to two orders of magnitude improvement in sensitivity and/or coverage, compared to current surveys. Our sensitive X-ray maps will represent an invaluable legacy for future multi-wavelength studies with current and next generation array instruments.

Mots-clés : x rays,galactic center,galactic corona and halo,stellar and agn feedback,outflows,interstellar medium,galaxy evolution,cosmic rays,missing baryons