Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : Byz-GOVAG (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Study of the Human Past
Entité participante : Bureau de contrôle et de gestion de la recherche et de l'innovation ( Cyprus Institute) — Pays : Chypre — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : RIMS
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 377000.0 €

Crucial to Byzantium’s survival against several post 6th-century external foes was the introduction of the theme-system (military-territorial units), which sealed its provincial administration for five centuries. The long debate on this institution, often biased by anachronistic evidence from literary sources, has gained new impetus through the study of seals, the tiny lead disks that the Byzantines used to secure and authenticate their correspondence. The plethora of irrefutable evidence that seals provide on the administrative nomenclature and the prosopography of high- and (the otherwise unattested) low-ranking officials, allow the in-depth analysis of a special group of individuals directly linked to the state, whose professional performance and unobstructed succession in office was a prerequisite for the Empire’s cohesion and well-being.  An international team of researchers will apply a well-tested methodological model on the recording and analysis of seals to study relevant material in more than 100 collections worldwide (including hundreds of unpublished seals from Cyprus, Greece and Turkey) and offer in-depth prosopographic analysis of the officials who manned the themes and contributed to Byzantium’s long-lasting endurance. An innovative geo- and chrono-referenced database of seals with secure findspots will, for the first time, visualise the Byzantine correspondence network, and data on the iconography of the seals and the historical, archaeological and sigillographic profile of the thematic headquarters will further revolutionize our hitherto perception of the military, social and cultural history of Byzantium. Printed and online publications, three open access databases, an updated manual on dating criteria for seals, scientific meetings, exhibitions, and an educational programme (designed also for people with special needs) will disseminate the results of the project and guarantee their future use in the study of the European Middle Ages.

Mots-clés : byzantine prosopography,sigillography,administration,historical geography,urbanism
Projet ERC : QTube (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental Constituents of Matter
Entité participante : Institute of Photonic Sciences — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ICFO
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2871796.0 €

One major quest in physics is to extend quantum superposition states from the microscopic to the macroscopic world. To achieve this, we need to explore innovative approaches for synthesizing macroscopic quantum superpositions of massive objects. While recent advancements have demonstrated quantum non-Gaussian states of motion in mechanical oscillators, the delocalization achieved has been only marginally larger than the zero-point motion. QTube aims to address this limitation by quantum delocalizing a nanotube mechanical resonator, an object composed of approximately 106 atoms, to a length scale greater than its diameter. QTube will tackle several key challenges with significant scientific impact: (i) developing a nanotube double quantum dot qubit with record-breaking coherence rate; (ii) detecting the mechanical vibrations of the nanotube in the quantum ground state using a quantum nondemolition approach with a superconducting resonator (iii) observing quantum jumps of phonons, an unprecedented milestone in quantum physics; (iv) demonstrating, for the first time, a double-well potential for nanomechanical vibrations, thereby entering an extreme regime in nonlinear mechanics; and (v) synthesizing a macroscopic quantum superposition of a nanotube. This macroscopic quantum superposition will be achieved by utilizing a novel squeezing protocol with the double-well potential to enhance the anti-squeezed quadrature without parametric drive and create Wigner negativity when the anti-squeezed quadrature is large. The double quantum dot qubit will certify the macroscopic quantum superposition state through Wigner tomography. If successful, QTube will extend the frontier of macroscopic quantum superposition states and unlock new possibilities in macroscopic quantum tunneling, precise quantum sensing of forces, and entanglement between mechanical systems.

Mots-clés : macroscopic quantum superposition,wigner tomography,condensed matter physics,electromechanical resonator,nanotube
Projet ERC : AnSur (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : Université Côte d'Azur — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UniCA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2325043.0 €

We propose to study links between curves in flag manifolds, surfaces solutions of geometric partial differential equations in some affine symmetric spaces, and functions on the moduli space of curves. We will consider the relevant energy functions on the moduli spaces of those curves, or on the moduli space of Anosov representations for periodic data, in particular in the context of positivity. Amongst our concrete ambitious goals are: obtain topological invariant through quantising Anosov deformation spaces, define and compute volumes of Anosov deformation spaces and prove recursion formulae for them, find surfaces in symmetric spaces associated to opers and the relevant higher-rank Liouville action, solve special cases of the Auslander conjecture using foliated spaces.  More specifically, the backbone of this project is to explore a general class of functions on moduli spaces of Anosov representations and, beyond, of uniformly hyperbolic bundles. Then, we propose to identify the family of curves that will be possible asymptotic boundaries -- in the spirit of quasisymmetric curves in the sphere -- the periodic ones corresponding to Anosov representations. We will prove the existence and uniqueness of surfaces bounded at infinity by these curves. Going back, we will consider the area of such a surface, both at critical points on the moduli space, and as a renormalising function allowing to consider volumes of these moduli spaces. Finally, we will consider the space foliated by surfaces solutions of the asymptotic datum, and define entropy.

Mots-clés : discrete subgroups of lie groups,poisson algebras,character varieties
Projet ERC : ORTHOGONAL (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Systems and Communication Engineering
Entité participante : Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : HGF
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2410155.0 €

The transition towards an energy-sustainable society is the key challenge for the engineering sciences in the 21st century. This proposal addresses the energy supply for the future trillion sensor devices that form the backbone of our digitized society and it addresses the possibility to recover huge amounts of low-temperature waste heat in industry. Energy-harvesting from low-temperature environmental heat via thermoelectric generators (TEG) is a versatile and maintenance-free solution for both challenges. A prerequisite, however, is a cost-effective and scalable materials and manufacturing strategy for such TEGs. ORTHOGONAL will explore the devices using novel printable thermoelectric nanocomposite materials and it will tackle the fabrication challenges of printed TEGs based on ultrathin (< 2 µm) polymeric foils. We will explore n-type and p-type inorganic printable nanomaterials with high efficiencies and will use them for large area 2D printing on ultrathin substrates. By using photonic sintering, we will nano-solder the thin TEG films. The TEGs will then subsequently be fabricated by an origami-inspired folding process. A customized machine will be designed and constructed to allow for an automated folding of the 2D foil into the desired 3D geometry. As demonstrators, the project will realize TEG powered autonomous sensor nodes and a heat exchanger including a large area TEG. The work will build on my more than 30 years of experience in solid state semiconductor devices, several key patents from my group, and our recent proof-of-concepts for the thermoelectric materials and the device design. The design and fabrication principles of ORTHOGONAL will also be of use of other large-area electronic devices, e.g., X-ray detectors, THz-metamaterials, and piezoelectric transceivers.

Mots-clés : thermoelectrics,printed electronics,energy harvesting,waste heast recovery,nanomaterials
Projet ERC : NalpACT (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Molecules of Life: B iological  Mechanisms , Structures  and Functions
Entité participante : University Hospital Bonn — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2155047.0 €

Inflammasomes are cytosolic multi-protein complexes that form in response to a wide range of pathogens, tissue damage, and other harmful stimuli. Members of the family of NOD-like receptors (NLRs) sense these pathogen and danger associated molecular patterns, triggering innate immune responses. NLRP3 is a well-studied NLR whose activation by a broad spectrum of stimuli leads to inflammasome formation and pyroptosis. Yet, the mechanisms inducing NLRP3 activation and the way how antagonistic small molecules counteract its function remain poorly understood. Just recently, we have determined the cryo-electron microscopy structures of full-length human NLRP3 in its inactive form and bound to the inhibitor CRID3. Native NLRP3 is a decamer composed of homodimers of intertwined LRR domains that assemble back-to-back as pentamers. We made the surprising finding that the effector pyrin domain is shielded inside the decamer cage providing a safeguard mechanism against accidental activation. To obtain insights into the activation mechanism of NLRP3 and the molecular formation of the inflammasome, I here propose a challenging and pioneering endeavour: employing biochemical, biophysical and structural analyses, we will resolve the structure of activated NLRP3 associated to lipid membranes, unravel its regulation by post-translational modifications, design specific inhibitors for the targeted protein degradation, and explore filamentous seeds for the maturation of Caspase-1 and Alzheimer’s disease forming amyloid-beta fibrils. Further, transferring our knowledge of CRID3-mediated NLRP3 inhibition to other NLRs as NLRP12 and NLRP1 will shed light on their mechanism of action and open new avenues for directed targeting. Collectively, this work will uncover fundamental molecular principles of inflammasome activation and the mode of action of anti-inflammatory drugs. I foresee, that these insights will open a wide field for the development of NLR-specific inhibitors as new medicines.

Mots-clés : inflammasome,cryo em,nod like receptor,nlrp3,protein inhibition
Projet ERC : NoStaHo (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and Processes Engineering
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2406100.0 €

A wide range of radical technological breakthroughs are needed across all industries and engineering because of the dramatic current climatic, environmental and population growth constraints on energy, energy efficiency, polution and emissions. Turbulent flows are a key limiting factor in a vast range of these industries including the aeronautical, automotive, chemical, pharmaceutical and environmental engineering industries to name but a few. Step-change technological innovations in these industries therefore require rapid and reliable turbulent flow prediction methods which are currently unavailable. The stalemate in turbulence prediction methods reflects an 80-year stalemate in our fundamental understanding of turbulent flows. The past 5 years, however, have seen a number of advances which overturn cornerstone turbulence textbook material and create an unprecedented opportunity for a potentially decisive breakthrough in our fundamental and general understanding of turbulent flows which are typically non-stationary and/or non-homogeneous. These recent advances concern non-stationarity and non-homogeneity in fundamental ways and open new research opportunities with many new questions and hypotheses. This project will seize these new research opportunities with a combination of laboratory, computational and theoretical methods and approaches applied to a variety of turbulent flows. The expected outcome is a transformative, entirely new and extensive, fundamental understanding and theory of non-stationary and/or non-homogeneous turbulence, and a consequent road map for future disruptive turbulent flow prediction methods.

Mots-clés : turbulent flows,turbulence
Projet ERC : INTETOOLS (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Biotechnology and Biosystems E ngineering
Entité participante : Université de Copenhague — Pays : Danemark — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : KU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2475491.0 €

Genome editing using RNA-guided CRISPR-Cas nucleases (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats that associate with CRISPR associated proteins) has radically altered life sciences, enabling genome manipulation in living organisms. However, their use is limited by dependence on DNA Damage Response (DDR), which restricts genome editing to dividing cells. Further, these nucleases cannot handle DNA cargos large enough to harbour regulatory DNA circuitry, thus precluding genome engineering. In INTETOOLS, I will overcome these limitations by dissecting and repurposing CRISPR Associated Transposon (CAST) systems into genome engineering tools. CASTs are naturally occurring prokaryotic protein–RNA machineries consisting of an inactive CRISPR effector complex, which associate with Tn7 family transposons to insert large DNA cargos. Knowledge of their molecular mechanisms is scarce, which prevents their practical application in genome engineering. Accordingly, in Objective 1, I will investigate the architecture of different CASTs to obtain fundamental knowledge of their RNA-guided integration. I will then use this knowledge in Objective 2, to dissect their mechanism underpinnings whereby CRISPR-Cas complexes associate with transposition complexes to insert with nucleotide accuracy DNA cargos. This will inform Objective 3, where I will design new CAST tools that will allow RNA-guided transposition in eukaryotic genomes. These revamped CASTs will be capable of inserting large DNAs with high precision, harbouring regulatory regions into eukaryotic genomes, enabling genome engineering in eukaryotes. I will test the redesigned CASTs in mammalian cell lines and at the organismal level by rescuing the eyeless mutant phenotype in Drosophila melanogaster. INTETOOLS will catalyse a conceptual leap propelling the field into a new era of genome engineering, with major biomedical and biotechnological applications especially in synthetic biology.

Mots-clés : gene editing,protein design,cryoem,crispr,genome engineering,protein structure
Projet ERC : LiTra (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Compl exity
Entité participante : Université de Stavanger — Pays : Norvège — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2460635.0 €

We know remarkably little about the early history that formed the known European languages and cultures. While advances in genetics have led to new debates about population histories, they cannot tell us about the languages spoken. In the absence of written records, language appears ephemeral: changes through time seemingly erase all traces of earlier speech, leaving only abstract ‘proto-languages’ to be reconstructed.  Such erasures are not, however, complete, as language change always leaves behind a tail of residual forms. Very little research has dealt with the low-frequency variation that forms part of all natural language, even though it is known that residual forms are often resistant to change and may show stable geographical patterns. This project explores the potential of such patterns to provide linguistic ‘fingerprints’ allowing the reconstruction of much earlier linguistic configurations. It also addresses the general question of low-frequency variation as a carrier of meaning: how can the systematic study of minor variants refine current views of linguistic variation and change?  We will study the spread and interactions of linguistic and cultural groups in early England − Celtic, Scandinavian and West Germanic − through geographically coherent patterns of minority variants (‘micro-patterns’) in a set of historical, purpose-built text corpora. Such an approach has not been attempted before, and is made possible by the combination of philological expertise and the development of corpus annotation methods based on deep learning technology. The project is expected to lead to a breakthrough in the study of linguistic variation, where small-scale patterning has largely been ignored. Linguistic traces, combined with the findings of archaeology and genetics, are expected to form a powerful means of reconstructing the past, throwing light on past linguistic areas and interactions as well as on the maintenance of local and regional identities.

Mots-clés : language contact,language change,linguistic variation,medieval history,mapping,populations,onomastics,celtic languages,old norse,old english,dialectology,low frequency variation
Projet ERC : CONTROL-MYOPIA (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention,  Diagnosis and T reatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : Université Érasme de Rotterdam — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : EUR
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2500000.0 €

Background: Myopia, or near-sightedness, is increasing dramatically all over the world, mostly due to higher levels of education and changing lifestyles of young generations. The expectation is that half of the world’s citizens will be myopic by 2050. Myopia-related complications later in life are a serious threat to vision and will increase the rates of blindness. Prevention strategies and pharmacological and optical treatments to delay progression of myopia in childhood are emerging, but most eye care professionals still do not control myopia due to inadequate information and unpredictable outcomes. Aim: To radically improve patient management in myopia by providing an agile, AI-based clinical decision support system stooled on a solid scientific basis of integrated multidisciplinary data. Approach: 1. To construct population-based reference centiles for eye growth and progression of myopia for screening and surveillance of myopia in young generations in Europe 2. To capture high-quality, long-term, prospective data from the real world on myopia control, and specifically gain evidence on timing, effectiveness, side effects, and acceptability of current treatment modalities in daily practice 3. To investigate patient profiles for poor response and adherence to myopia control 4. To predict the final outcome of myopia based on a plethora of potential predictors using advanced machine learning techniques 5. To develop the CONTROL-MYOPIA platform with a user-centred and highly interactive design which provides an accurate prediction of myopia outcomes with and without myopia control, and which recommends the right prevention and treatment for the right patient at the right time  Impact: CONTROL-MYOPIA’s outcomes will have widespread impact on clinical care, patient participation, public health, design of clinical trials, research innovation, and policy changes

Mots-clés : reference centile charts,myopia,myopia control,patient management,clinical decision making,nearsightedness,machine learning,genetics,lifestyle,real world data,registry,artificial intelligence,blindness prevention,refractive error,axial length
Projet ERC : NOTCOM (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Texts and Concepts
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2231411.5 €

NOTCOM is a philosophical study of common notions, collective inquiry, and dissemination strategies in seventeenth-century natural science, with special focus on the role of so-called “common notions.” Using a ground-breaking transversal methodology, it studies: (1) epistemological models of consensus as they emerged from early modern controversies in logic, rhetoric, moral philosophy, theology and law, and how they were re-deployed within natural philosophy; (2) methods of collective inquiry in early modern natural philosophy; (3) the role of consensus models and methods of collective inquiry in the public dissemination of early modern natural philosophy; (4) the actuality of early modern consensus models and methods of collective inquiry in relation to current philosophy of science and science communication studies. Early modern collective scientific practices have, over the last half century, provided a rich field of study for the sociology and history of philosophy of science. Little attention has, however, been paid to the role that epistemological models of consensus played for the methods governing those practices. Yet the period produced a wealth of such models, often in the context of doctrines of common notions, which informed natural philosophical methods of collective inquiry in myriad ways. These methods were moreover inextricably wound up with complex strategies for the broader public dissemination of science. Some of these, models, methods, and dissemination strategies still have purchase today. More importantly, however, writing their history offers a narrative about philosophy, science, and society with a didactic potential that merits exploration. Combining these four dimensions—consensus models, collective methods, dissemination strategies, and actuality—NOTCOM thus explores the historical background to the current notion of “scientific consensus” and the contemporary uses of writing this history.

Mots-clés : common notion,scientific consensus,universal consent,early modern philosophy,history of philosophy of science,natural philosophy,scientific societies,scientific controversy,science communication