Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : LEASP (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer science and informatics
Entité participante : Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies du numérique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Inria
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499894.0 €

Time-series of multimodal medical images offer a unique opportunity to track anatomical and functional alterations of the brain in aging individuals. A collection of such time series for several individuals forms a longitudinal data set, each data being a rich iconic-geometric representation of the brain anatomy and function. These data are already extraordinary complex and variable across individuals. Taking the temporal component into account further adds difficulty, in that each individual follows a different trajectory of changes, and at a different pace. Furthermore, a disease is here a progressive departure from an otherwise normal scenario of aging, so that one could not think of normal and pathologic brain aging as distinct categories, as in the standard case-control paradigm. Bio-statisticians lack a suitable methodological framework to exhibit from these data the typical trajectories and dynamics of brain alterations, and the effects of a disease on these trajectories, thus limiting the investigation of essential clinical questions. To change this situation, we propose to construct virtual dynamical models of brain aging by learning typical spatiotemporal patterns of alterations propagation from longitudinal iconic-geometric data sets. By including concepts of the Riemannian geometry into Bayesian mixed effect models, the project will introduce general principles to average complex individual trajectories of iconic-geometric changes and align the pace at which these trajectories are followed. It will estimate a set of elementary spatiotemporal patterns, which combine to yield a personal aging scenario for each individual. Disease-specific patterns will be detected with an increasing likelihood. This new generation of statistical and computational tools will unveil clusters of patients sharing similar lesion propagation profiles, paving the way to design more specific treatments, and care patients when treatments have the highest chance of success.

Mots-clés : image,mesh,time series,deformable models,riemannian geometry,bayesian mixed effects models,neuroimaging,virtual brain
Projet ERC : TimePROSAMAT (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 246152.5 €

TimeProSAMAT aims to introduce concepts to program the time domain of self-assembled systems and materials in CLOSED systems under non-equilibrium conditions by controlling the kinetics of assembly and disassembly pathways via (i) modulating the surrounding by feedback systems, (ii) dissipative structure formation and (iii) active structural feedback. After reaching a fundamental understanding on a SA level, we want to capitalize on these enabling SA concepts by providing entirely new and original approaches to dynamic soft materials with internally encoded self-regulation features (similar to a self-destruction mechanism), opening doors to active functionalities and adaptive properties beyond what classical responsive equilibrium SA can offer. Read more about such concepts in the 10th year anniversary issue of Soft Matter: " Approaches to program the time domain of self-assemblies" Soft Matter, 2015,11, 7857-7866

Mots-clés : responsive materials,non equilibrium systems,hydrogels,self regulation
Projet ERC : BreakingBarriers (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing
Entité participante : Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Inserm
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2499969.0 €

Tissue homeostasis requires coordinated barrier function in blood and lymphatic vessels. Opening of junctions between endothelial cells (ECs) lining blood vessels leads to tissue fluid accumulation that is drained by lymphatic vessels. A pathological increase in blood vessel permeability or lack or malfunction of lymphatic vessels leads to edema and associated defects in macromolecule and immune cell clearance. Unbalanced barrier function between blood and lymphatic vessels contributes to neurodegeneration, chronic inflammation, and cardiovascular disease. In this proposal, we seek to gain mechanistic understanding into coordination of barrier function between blood and lymphatic vessels, how this process is altered in disease models and how it can be manipulated for therapeutic purposes. We will focus on two critical barriers with diametrically opposing functions, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the lymphatic capillary barrier (LCB). ECs of the BBB form very tight junctions that restrict paracellular access to the brain. In contrast, open junctions of the LCB ensure uptake of extravasated fluid, macromolecules and immune cells, as well as lipid in the gut. We have identified novel effectors of BBB and LCB junctions and will determine their role in adult homeostasis and in disease models. Mouse genetic gain and loss of function approaches in combination with histological, ultrastructural, functional and molecular analysis will determine mechanisms underlying formation of tissue specific EC barriers. Deliverables include in vivo validated targets that could be used for i) opening the BBB on demand for drug delivery into the brain, and ii) to lower plasma lipid uptake via interfering with the LCB, with implications for prevention of obesity, cardiovascular disease and inflammation. These pioneering studies promise to open up new opportunities for research and treatment of neurovascular and cardiovascular disease.

Mots-clés : angiogenesis,lymphangiogenesis
Projet ERC : MacAGE (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy
Entité participante : TU Dresden — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TUD
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1352846.78 €

Tissue resident macrophages are essentially present in every organ of the body and perform critical functions in immunity, tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Recent evidence shows that resident macrophages can originate from embryonic progenitors and be maintained in tissues long term by local proliferation independently of monocytes. This self-renewal ability, however, appears to decline with age, with potentially major consequences for the response to infection, the resolution of inflammation and the ability for tissue regeneration. Understanding the decline of self-renewal in the aging macrophage may thus hold key elements for maintaining healthy tissue integrity. Drawing from analogies to stem cell self-renewal we want to decipher the molecular and cellular parameters of macrophage self-renewal and its decline with age. We want to understand the age-associated changes in gene expression and epigenetic identity of tissue macrophage populations with the ultimate goal to reverse age dependent decline in self-renewal and function. Results from my laboratory have identified transcription factors that control the access to a network of self-renewal genes that are also used in stem cells. Using several complementary genetic mouse models tapping into this network we want to investigate whether its activation in resident macrophage population in vivo can rejuvenate their self-renewal capacity and revert aging related changes. These approaches will be complemented by unbiased genome wide screens in vivo using latest generation CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology to identify new signaling pathways guiding macrophage self-renewal and aging. Using innovate combinations of genetics and adoptive transfer protocols we will test whether this knowledge can be employed to reverse macrophage dependent loss of immune competence and failed tissue regeneration with age. Our results will lead to new general insight and potential novel cellular therapies for degenerative diseases.

Mots-clés : macrophages,self renewal,stem cell biology,regeneration,infection,molecular genetics,genetic crispr,cas9 screen,alveolar macrophages
Projet ERC : MacAGE (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1147147.22 €

Tissue resident macrophages are essentially present in every organ of the body and perform critical functions in immunity, tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Recent evidence shows that resident macrophages can originate from embryonic progenitors and be maintained in tissues long term by local proliferation independently of monocytes. This self-renewal ability, however, appears to decline with age, with potentially major consequences for the response to infection, the resolution of inflammation and the ability for tissue regeneration. Understanding the decline of self-renewal in the aging macrophage may thus hold key elements for maintaining healthy tissue integrity. Drawing from analogies to stem cell self-renewal we want to decipher the molecular and cellular parameters of macrophage self-renewal and its decline with age. We want to understand the age-associated changes in gene expression and epigenetic identity of tissue macrophage populations with the ultimate goal to reverse age dependent decline in self-renewal and function. Results from my laboratory have identified transcription factors that control the access to a network of self-renewal genes that are also used in stem cells. Using several complementary genetic mouse models tapping into this network we want to investigate whether its activation in resident macrophage population in vivo can rejuvenate their self-renewal capacity and revert aging related changes. These approaches will be complemented by unbiased genome wide screens in vivo using latest generation CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology to identify new signaling pathways guiding macrophage self-renewal and aging. Using innovate combinations of genetics and adoptive transfer protocols we will test whether this knowledge can be employed to reverse macrophage dependent loss of immune competence and failed tissue regeneration with age. Our results will lead to new general insight and potential novel cellular therapies for degenerative diseases.

Mots-clés : macrophages,self renewal,stem cell biology,regeneration,infection,molecular genetics,genetic crispr,cas9 screen,alveolar macrophages
Projet ERC : DOS (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : University of York — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 0.0 €

Title: Domestic Servants in Colonial South Asia The ubiquity of domestic servants in contemporary South Asia has received scarce attention from historians. Servant pasts have been used instrumentally to write others’ histories. In contrast, this project centrally situates servants at the intersection of households, labour and forms of relationships. Everyday relationships between servants and masters were based upon labour and wage on the one hand and intimacy and affect on the other. The paradox of pervasive visibility of servants and their marginality in history writing is explicable once theoretical templates are laid bare. To achieve that, the project raises three key questions: 1) How did servant labour unsettle the often rigid and easy categorisation of work into ‘productive’, ‘reproductive’ and ‘unproductive’? 2) How did the multiplicity of relational axes forged around male-male, male-female and female-female affects and hierarchies question the standard accounts framed by assumptions of heterosexual interactions? 3) How did the hierarchies of social and shared worlds marked by race, class, caste, religion, rank, profession and age shape the legal, juridical and criminal bases of labour regulation? Servant histories need to move beyond the employer’s household into the realm of ghettoes, streets, bazaars, barracks, hospitals and mission houses. Two research units involving the PI and a co-applicant cover two periods of colonial history: one, the period from the early eighteenth to the mid-nineteenth; and second, from the mid-nineteenth to the twentieth century. By locating servants in the wider social, political, and moral world, the project combines empirically grounded case studies with the political economy of imperialism. It aims to develop a new understanding of labour, gender and social history, each of these in turn being rewritten, even as they lay the foundations of the first historically grounded account of domestic work in South Asia.
Projet ERC : iHEAR (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : Hannover Medical School — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : MHH
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999500.0 €

To address the substantial financial and social burden caused by hearing loss in 360 million people world-wide, I aim to improve hearing via gene therapy to correct inherited and protect from acquired hearing loss. In vitro experiments will establish the best vector configurations for transfer of therapeutic genes and miRNAs into inner ear hair cells (HC) and spiral ganglion neurons (SGN). The efficiency of the best-performing vector designs will then be explored in vivo using fluorescent marker proteins. Cell-type specific and inducible promoters as well as receptor-targeted vectors will be employed as a safety measure and to ensure transgene expression in HC and SGN target cells. Once efficient transduction of appropriate target cells and proper expression of therapeutic proteins are demonstrated, I will perform proof-of-concept studies in hearing loss models, incl. established mouse models, to correct (WP1) or protect (WP2) from impaired hearing. To ensure translatability of these findings, I will generate human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from patients with hearing loss (WP3), so that I can test optimized constructs in human otic cells. Moreover, I have access to a collection of well-characterized samples from over 600 hearing loss patients, including children with congenital hearing loss in whom many novel monogenetic alterations were identified. These resources provide the unique opportunity to generate a novel toolbox for the treatment of hearing loss. In addition to lentiviral and adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector delivery of corrective or protective genes to treat hearing loss, I will apply state-of-the-art genome editing tools to model and correct mutations causative for hearing loss in cell lines, primary cells from murine models, human patients and patient-derived iPSC. This work will contribute to development of clinically translatable approaches for precision medicine strategies to improve hearing loss treatment.

Mots-clés : gene therapy,viral vectors,gene editing,ips cells,hearing loss,mouse models
Projet ERC : COSI (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Cellular, Developmental and Regenerative Biology
Entité participante : Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie — Pays : Belgique — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : VIB
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499327.0 €

To be able to suTo be able to survive constantly changing and often harmful environmental conditions, plants must continuously adapt. Therefore, plants have complex mechanisms that sense and transduce environmental stimuli into adaptive responses. Organelles within the cell are thought to be important sensors and due to their tight integration into whole-cell metabolic and signalling networks, they are in a prime position to communicate stress signals and trigger adaptive responses. However, the mechanisms on how organelles convey stress signals remain poorly understood, especially in plants: “Which is the nature of the signals, how are they propagated and how are they perceived by other organelles?” I have revealed a novel mechanism how mitochondria, chloroplasts, and the endoplasmic reticulum communicate stress signals to coordinate stress signal transduction into adaptive responses in the nucleus. My recent data provide novel leads that this coordination is mediated by organellar re-positioning and close association with each other. Therefore, I hypothesize that these organelles can associate directly through contact sites to enable fast and efficient communication of stress signals. Although inter-organellar contact sites have been studied in animal and yeast systems, mainly in the context of lipid transfer and calcium exchange, nearly nothing is known on their existence and mode of action in plants. Understanding the mechanisms and functions of inter-organellar contact sites induced by stress is key in plant stress signalling research. To tackle this question, the COSI project will first identify stress-induced inter-organellar contact sites (SOCS) by means of high-end live-cell imaging and proteomics approaches, followed by their functional characterisation in plant stress responses. The outcome of COSI is will be a better understanding, and potentially re-evaluation, of the fundamental mechanisms by which plants respond and adapt to stresses.

Mots-clés : plant stress,intracellular signal transduction,retrograde signalling,organelles
Projet ERC : MUSICOL (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : Institut de recherche pour le développement — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : IRD
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 635750.0 €

To better understand cultural relations in today’s multi-ethnic, multicultural societies, we need to revisit the legacy of modern empires. This project delves into the musical dimension of the French empire and what differences were negotiated through aurality, long-neglected by historians. Focusing on musical life and media from Dakar and Rabat to Saigon, 1900-1962, it studies how music was practiced, heard, and understood in a variety of colonial contexts. Crucially important is the need to investigate the tastes, practices, and interactions of Europeans and natives, usually studied in isolation. Such scope requires an entirely new methodological paradigm: relational, comparative, and integrative-synthetic. Traversing disciplinary boundaries separating musicology from history, media studies, and ethnomusicology, the project has four objectives: (1) To musicalize history, it probes what musical fields of production contribute to current debates on the nature of empire and colonial identities. (2) To historicize aural media, it examines live and recorded music on radio as windows on the dynamic nature of colonial coexistence. (3) To globalize music history, it brings new coherence with its focus on a single empire and without imposing postcolonial models of domination/resistance. (4) To creolize research, it integrates indigenous research and promotes dialogue with collaborators from the former empire. Foundations laid by the PI’s prior research in colonial archives, availability of sources, each team member’s expertise and focus on one field, their shared method, and common purpose insure its feasibility. This pioneering study of the modern French empire through music will generate new insights into its mechanisms and constituencies, taking colonial, media, and music history in unprecedented directions. Only in understanding the aurality of colonialism--what helped their imperialism take hold and last--can Europeans grasp its full nature, meaning, and legacy.

Mots-clés : colonial radio history,colonial governance,urban spaces,french empire,concerts,musical networks
Projet ERC : OLFLINK (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Complexity
Entité participante : Karolinska Institutet — Pays : Suède — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : KI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499600.0 €

To change human diets is an urgent global health and sustainability goal; yet, overcoming preferences for familiar food flavors in favor of healthier or more sustainable options remains a major challenge. Odor-taste associative learning is the principal perceptual support process for flavor preference formation and retrieval. Mechanistic insight into the cortical processes that transfer appetitive properties of an odor from the mouth onto environmental objects is, however, almost completely absent. As a result, fundamental questions about the processes that drive the acquisition of new flavor preferences, and their regulation by signals from the digestive tract, still remain to be answered. OLFLINK will uncover processes that link olfactory perception inside and outside the mouth across three nested levels of investigation that are usually studied in separation. In doing so, I propose to discover key factors that facilitate or hinder acquisition of new flavor preferences. Specifically, I will 1: determine the distributed CODE by which odors acquire and evoke taste associations (WP1), 2: delineate the cortical CONTROL mechanisms that facilitate encoding and retrieval of odor-taste associations in the light of contextual variability (WP2), and 3: determine the interactions with digestive feedback that REGULATE this flexible coding system during flavor preference acquisition and retrieval (WP3). This final step especially provides insight into the body’s ability to adjust learning and retrieval of food preferences based on nutritional needs, and has potential to transform our thinking about the biological basis of maladaptive eating patterns. The novel insights from OLFLINK will fill the knowledge gap that currently exists between the mechanisms driving perceptual experiences during food consumption and the subsequent evaluation of food in the outside world, and will inspire the development of novel interventions to facilitate dietary changes over the life course.

Mots-clés : chemosensation,food perception,multisensory integration