Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : DG-PESP-CS (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental constituents of matter
Entité participante : Technion – Israel Institute of Technology — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2502974.0 €

Measurement based quantum computing is one of the most fault-tolerant architectures proposed for quantum information processing. It opens the possibility of performing quantum computing tasks using linear optical systems. An efficient route for measurement based quantum computing utilizes highly entangled states of photons, called cluster states. Propagation and processing quantum information is made possible this way using only single qubit measurements. It is highly resilient to qubit losses. In addition, single qubit measurements of polarization qubits is easily performed with high fidelity using standard optical tools. These features make photonic clusters excellent platforms for quantum information processing. Constructing photonic cluster states, however, is a formidable challenge, attracting vast amounts of research efforts. While in principle it is possible to build up cluster states using interferometry, such a method is of a probabilistic nature and entails a large overhead of resources. The use of entangled photon pairs reduces this overhead by a small factor only. We outline a novel route for constructing a deterministic source of photonic cluster states using a device based on semiconductor quantum dot. Our proposal follows a suggestion by Lindner and Rudolph. We use repeated optical excitations of a long lived coherent spin confined in a single semiconductor quantum dot and demonstrate for the first time practical realization of their proposal. Our preliminary demonstration presents a breakthrough in quantum technology since deterministic source of photonic cluster, reduces the resources needed quantum information processing. It may have revolutionary prospects for technological applications as well as to our fundamental understanding of quantum systems. We propose to capitalize on this recent breakthrough and concentrate on R&D which will further advance this forefront field of science and technology by utilizing the horizons that it opens.
Projet ERC : MEImpact (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : University of London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : U. London
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 656333.75 €

Measuring economic activity is a fundamental challenge for empirical work in economics. Most empirical projects raise concerns about whether the data do in fact measure what they purport to measure. Mismeasurement may lead to severe model misspecification, biased estimates, and misled conclusions and policy decisions. Unfortunately, formally accounting for the possibility of mismeasurement in the econometric model is complicated and possible only under strong assumptions that limit the credibility of resulting conclusions. Therefore, the most common approaches to measurement issues are to ignore them, to informally argue why they may not be of first-order importance, to abandon the project, or to search for better data. The objective of the research described in this proposal is to develop new methodologies for formally assessing the potential impact of measurement error (ME) on all aspects of an empirical project: on model-building, on estimation and inference, and on decision-making. For instance, the new inference procedures allow the researcher to test whether ME is a statistically significant feature that should be modeled, whether ME distorts objects of interest (e.g. a production or utility function), whether ME distorts conclusions from hypothesis tests, and whether ME affects subsequent decision-making. I show that answering such questions is possible under much weaker assumptions than identification and estimation of a ME model and thus leads to more credible and robust conclusions. In addition, the implementation of the new procedures can be based on standard nonparametric estimation techniques that are part of many applied researchers’ toolkits. In consequence, the research has the potential to fundamentally transform the way empirical researchers approach measurement issues, to significantly impact empirical practice, and ultimately to avoid misled conclusions and policy decisions.

Mots-clés : measurement error,nonparametric methods,hypothesis testing,economic modeling,specification testing,robust decision making,economic frictions
Projet ERC : SENECA (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : École normale supérieure de Lyon — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : ENS de Lyon
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 59250.0 €

Mechanical instabilities of thin sheets has long been exploited in Nature to create patterns and ensure vital functions such as stimuli responsiveness. By applying forces at the surface of thin objects, it is possible to create a wide variety of chiral 3D shapes such as helices, twists and rolls. Moreover, minute changes on these forces can induce dramatic shape-shifting between different geometries. Our goal is to use this general principle to establish a new class of chiral and addressable nanostructures that current synthetic strategies can not afford. Building on our pioneering results, i will use organic ligands at the surface of two dimensional colloidal nanoplatelets to bend and twist ultrathin nanosheets into complex shapes. We first aim at establishing generic synthetic principles for colloidal 2D materials. To do so, we will develop in situ scattering methods to get atomistic insight on their formation mechanism. We will then determine the link between surface chemistry, interfacial stress and conformation in a set of model systems. Based on these insights, we will design stimuli responsive surface ligands whose conformational change upon excitation by an external stimuli will impact the nanoparticle shape. Finally, understanding the nanoscale colloidal forces and geometric frustration between these new building blocks will enable the design of nanostructured solids made by out-of-equilibrium assembly. This research program will advance our fundamental knowledge on mechanics at the nanoscale and provide a mechanistic framework for synthetic chemistry of 2D materials. The nanoparticles that we will synthesize are expected to have broad applications due to their chiroptical properties and their stimuli responsive character in fields as diverse as nano-swimmers, detection of chiral bio-coumpounds, photo-catalysis, soft-robotic or sensors/actuators.

Mots-clés : nanoplatelets,semi conducting,quantum dots
Projet ERC : MARTE (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : University of London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : U. London
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 0.0 €

Medically Assisted Reproduction (MAR) is one of the most important achievements of medical science in the last generation. In advanced societies, the number of MAR treatments increases every year, and, over the last four decades, more than five million MAR conceived children were born, and many more families received treatment. Given this trend, it is a public health prerogative to find out whether MAR affects the well-being of families. Prior findings are mixed and often hampered by low statistical power or conceptual limitations. I propose a programme of research that goes beyond the state-of-the-art by being the first to analyze comprehensively the effects of MAR on children, adults, and families through a combination of uniquely rich data, previously unused research designs, and conceptual innovations. First, in contrast to past work using small or convenience samples, I use extremely detailed and large datasets from population registers and surveys. Second, I compare the impact of MAR on different domains of life by analysing its effects on a range of adult and child outcomes (e.g., physical/mental health, education, union stability), thereby allowing me to investigate trade-offs that have not been previously tested. Third, I use innovative research designs to test whether the impact of MAR is causal by comparing children conceived through MAR treatments to their spontaneously conceived siblings, and adults who successfully conceive through MAR to those who are unsuccessful. The project has the potential to produce ground-breaking results that will impact future research in this field. Moreover, the project will have important policy implications, as its findings will be immediately relevant to health professionals advising couples seeking MAR treatments, to public health authorities allocating resources to mitigate the potentially negative effects of MAR on health, and to policy-makers considering whether to (further) subsidize MAR treatments.
Projet ERC : CatHet (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : University of Bristol — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1548738.0 €

Medicinal chemistry requires more efficient and diverse methods for the asymmetric synthesis of chiral scaffolds. Over 60% of the world’s top selling small molecule drug compounds are chiral and, of these, approximately 80% are marketed as single enantiomers. There is a compelling correlation between drug candidate “chiral complexity” and the likelihood of progression to the marketplace. Surprisingly, and despite the tremendous advances made in catalysis over the past several decades, the “chiral complexity” of drug discovery libraries has actually decreased, while, at the same time, for the reasons mentioned above, the “chiral complexity” of marketed drugs has increased. Since the mid-1990s, there has been a notable acceleration of this “complexity divergence”. Consequently, there is now an urgent need to provide efficient processes that directly access privileged chiral scaffolds. It is our philosophy that catalysis holds the key here and new processes should be based upon platforms that can exert control over both absolute and relative stereochemistry. In this proposal we outline the development of a range of N-heteroannulation processes based upon the catalytic generation and trapping of unique or unusual classes of organometallic intermediate derived from transition metal insertion into C-C and C-N sigma-bonds. We will provide a variety of enabling methodologies and demonstrate applicability in flexible total syntheses of important natural product scaffolds. The processes proposed are synthetically flexible, operationally simple and amenable to asymmetric catalysis. Likely starting points, based upon preliminary results, will set the stage for the realisation of aspirational and transformative goals. Through the study of the organometallic intermediates involved here, there is potential to generalise these new catalytic manifolds, such that this research will transcend N heterocyclic chemistry to provide enabling methods for organic chemistry as a whole.
Projet ERC : HEARTLY (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : Uppsala University — Pays : Suède — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999982.0 €

Men live shorter and are more susceptible to several common diseases at younger ages compared with women, but the reason(s) why are not well understood. Loss of chromosome Y (LOY) is a male specific mutation that could help explain this sex bias. Men with LOY carry a fraction of blood cells without the Y chromosome, due to its loss from progenitor cells during life time. The incidence of LOY increases with age and can be detected in blood among 40% of 70 year old men. My recent results show that LOY in blood is strongly associated with increased risk for all-cause mortality and disease such as cancer and Alzheimer’s disease, and possibly cardiovascular disease. The causal link(s) behind reproducible associations between LOY in blood and disease are yet to be discovered. My proposal aims for comprehensive understanding of the cellular changes induced by LOY in immune cells and delineation of associated disease mechanisms that could explain why men with LOY in the immune cells of blood have a higher risk for disease in other organs. To this end, several complementary studies are conceived in three synergistic objectives: 1) functional consequences of LOY in immune cells; 2) epidemiological studies of 570.000 subjects with focus on LOY and risk for cardiovascular disease; and 3) development of new tools for LOY-detection. My long-term goal is increased survival of men by utilization of LOY-based clinical applications. For example, men with LOY in blood have on average a higher risk for lethal disease compared with unaffected men. Hence, screening men with LOY for early symptoms of disease could result in earlier diagnoses and treatment using existing health care options. Furthermore, understanding of detrimental effects from LOY on immune system functions could be a key to improved success rates in immunotherapy as well as for identification of new drug targets. Taken together, the project will benefit patients, health care systems and societies at large.

Mots-clés : loss of chromosome y,mosaicism,mosaic loss of chromosome y,cardiovascular disease,heart diseases,cancer,alzheimer s disease,biomarker,diagnostics,treatment
Projet ERC : EVOMENS (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems
Entité participante : Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Inserm
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1185250.0 €

Menstruation is a recent evolutionary innovation in primates: the trait is present in some species (humans, baboons) but not in closely related others (orangutans, vervets). In the latter and in most mammals, the uterine endometrium is reabsorbed at the end of the cycle instead of being shed when fecundation has not occurred. The molecular and genetic underpinnings of this complex process are not fully understood, despite its critical involvement in gynaecological conditions. I propose to discover the molecular mechanisms leading to menstruation by comparing the uterine linings from five primate species at the cellular, functional and genetic levels. The objectives are to identify the gene networks and non-coding regulatory elements that control the advent of menstruation in primates, and to understand how this genetically inherited trait was acquired in primate genomes during the evolution of the human lineage. In Aim 1, I will leverage single-cell transcriptomics to uncover the cellular composition and marker modifications that differentiate the uterine linings of menstruating and non-menstruating primates. In Aim 2, I will use deep transcriptomics and accessible chromatin assays on sorted endometrial cell populations to identify genes and non-coding regulatory regions differentially activated in menstruating species. This analysis will reveal the molecular pathways, regulation networks and cellular interplay involved in uterine tissue shedding vs. reabsorption. In Aim 3, I will replace these modifications within the context of primate genome evolution: I will elucidate the mutational dynamics by which genetic novelty has emerged during the adoption of menstruation, and how the functional divergence of the endometrium compares to other reproductive and somatic tissues. This project will enhance our understanding of a key physiological trait for human reproduction as well as a dramatic example of functional innovation in the primate lineage.

Mots-clés : comparative genomics,functional genomics,evolutionary genomics,primate evolution
Projet ERC : I-RISK (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : University of London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : U. London
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1524375.0 €

Mental illnesses account for 32% of years lived with disability. Critically, 50% of mental illnesses are established before age 14 years. It is thus imperative to better understand the causes of early psychiatric symptoms in childhood if we are to design effective preventive interventions. Parental risk factors –e.g. psychiatric disorders and substance use– have consistently emerged as strong predictors of child psychiatric symptoms. However, we do not know whether such parental risk factors are causes or mere correlates of child symptoms and how this transmission of risk across generations occurs. The overarching aim of I-RISK is to identify causal intergenerational pathways linking parental risk factors to child psychiatric symptoms. I-RISK will implement and develop cutting-edge genetically informed methods to enable better causal inference in intergenerational research. Three work packages will address major limitations in state-of-the-art research: (i) no study to date has applied such causal inference methods to identify intergenerational risk factors for child psychiatric symptoms; (ii) the role of intermediate phenotypes, whether environmental (e.g. parenting) or biological (epigenetic and brain data), in explaining the intergenerational transmission of risk remains poorly understood; (iii) genetically informed intergenerational research is still in its infancy and key methodological developments are required to propel the field forward. I-RISK will generate new genomic data and bring together four of the largest child cohorts in Europe (pooled N >100,000). These cohorts feature genetic data in children and parents as well as unique data on environmental and biological intermediate phenotypes. I-RISK will pioneer a paradigm shift in intergenerational mental health research and provide unprecedented insights into the aetiology of child psychiatric symptoms, with the ultimate goal of breaking the intergenerational cycle of mental illness and inequalities.

Mots-clés : aetiology,risk factors,causal inference,psychiatric epidemiology,mental health,childhood,developmental psychopathology
Projet ERC : Metasonics (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Proof of concept grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer science and informatics
Entité participante : University of London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : U. London
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 75630.75 €

MetaSonics is an acoustic metamaterial technology that shapes sound (and ultrasound) fields. Our solution is to build an adjustable device that transforms an input acoustic wave into a time-variable, user-defined acoustic field. MetaSonics comprises of a surface made of electronically adjustable acoustic metamaterial bricks. Each brick in the surface can individually vary the phase of an incident acoustic field in order to shape the complex output field. Our vision is to manipulate sound waves using advances in acoustic meta-materials to create novel interactive applications. We see an opportunity to be the world leaders in the design, manufacturing and distribution of MetaSonics a form of Spatial Sound Modulators (SSM) to shape the complex sound fields. MetaSonics has the opportunity to be ubiquitous as LCDs. Our devices will introduce an extremely cost-effective, reconfigurable, very compact and uniquely scalable technology solution. At this stage our potential markets include all applications that require shaped sound fields. This links us to a large and diverse range of potential markets, all of which offer business opportunities. Our focus within this PoC will be to create prototypes, develop commercial traction and develop an exploitation strategy.

Mots-clés : user interfaces,human computer interaction,metamaterials
Projet ERC : COSMOS (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : Koç University — Pays : Turquie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1500000.0 €

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are recently considered as new fascinating nanoporous materials. MOFs have very large surface areas, high porosities, various pore sizes/shapes, chemical functionalities and good thermal/chemical stabilities. These properties make MOFs highly promising for gas separation applications. Thousands of MOFs have been synthesized in the last decade. The large number of available MOFs creates excellent opportunities to develop energy-efficient gas separation technologies. On the other hand, it is very challenging to identify the best materials for each gas separation of interest. Considering the continuous rapid increase in the number of synthesized materials, it is practically not possible to test each MOF using purely experimental manners. Highly accurate computational methods are required to identify the most promising MOFs to direct experimental efforts, time and resources to those materials. In this project, I will build a complete MOF library and use molecular simulations to assess adsorption and diffusion properties of gas mixtures in MOFs. Results of simulations will be used to predict adsorbent and membrane properties of MOFs for scientifically and technologically important gas separation processes such as CO2/CH4 (natural gas purification), CO2/N2 (flue gas separation), CO2/H2, CH4/H2 and N2/H2 (hydrogen recovery). I will obtain the fundamental, atomic-level insights into the common features of the top-performing MOFs and establish structure-performance relations. These relations will be used as guidelines to computationally design new MOFs with outstanding separation performances for CO2 capture and H2 recovery. These new MOFs will be finally synthesized in the lab scale and tested as adsorbents and membranes under practical operating conditions for each gas separation of interest. Combining a multi-stage computational approach with experiments, this project will lead to novel, efficient gas separation technologies based on MOFs.

Mots-clés : metal organic frameworks,molecular simulations