Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : FEED (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Universe Sciences
Entité participante : Université d'Exeter — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499321.0 €

The last two decades of exoplanet discoveries have revolutionised our view of planetary systems and our place in the cosmos, bringing us closer to answering fundamental questions about how these systems form and evolve. These advancements have, however, mainly focused on the inner regions of these systems due to the difficulties of probing their colder outer regions, despite their importance for the formation and evolution of planets. These barriers are, nevertheless, breaking thanks to observational campaigns led by me and others with ALMA studying exocometary discs analogous to the Kuiper belt, and JWST searching for sub-Jupiter mass planets at tens of au. This ERC program aims to constrain how the outer regions of planetary systems, and in particular the debris of which exocometary discs are made, form and evolve. Such an endeavour will require transforming our understanding of three key and interconnected pillars. First, we must understand how exocometary discs form as their structures encode key information about planet formation processes. This will require developing the first holistic models for exocometary disc formation and their comparison with ALMA observational constraints. Second, we must study what processes shape exocometary discs after formation to be able to use disc observations to infer the dynamical history of systems. This will require studying the disc interaction with planets and even stellar encounters while systems are young, and comparing the outcome of these interactions with JWST and ALMA observations. Third, we must advance in our understanding of exocometary gas as it could allow us to infer the presence of planets, affect their atmospheres and the distribution of exocometary dust biasing our dynamical inferences. Only by developing these three pillars, we will truly advance in our understanding of exocometary discs, a key element for deciphering planetary systems.

Mots-clés : debris discs,exoplanets,protoplanetary disks,direct imaging,alma,jwst
Projet ERC : PSYPARTITIONS (Horizon Europe, appel 2025, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Study of the Human Past
Entité participante : Université d'Exeter — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499832.0 €

Psychiatric Partitions will transform our understanding of the relationship between politics and psychiatry in the twentieth century. Through its distinctive focus on the global phenomenon of partition – the practice of dividing and redistributing territory, population, and sovereignty – since the First World War, it will contribute the first systematic account of how questions around mental health and psychiatry mattered in these times of acute political and social crisis spanning decades and continents. Often described as ‘traumatic’, the psychiatric history of these cataclysms is more complex than trauma alone, encompassing tussles between departing and emergent states about responsibility for psychiatric populations; interventions by humanitarian organisations to prop up institutions and safeguard patients; the dilemmas faced by families around the care of unwell relatives. By identifying three cross-cutting research strands – responsibility, experience, knowledge – this project pioneers a framework for analysing the interaction between politics and psychiatry in times of crisis, and reimagines the history of partition from the perspective of a profoundly marginalised group: psychiatric patients. Interweaving archival and oral historical research into a carefully selected set of case studies across the century with longitudinal analysis of the history of international efforts to manage mental health in partition times, the project models an innovative contrapuntal approach to global history. Psychiatric Partitions matters not simply because it will drive forward the scholarship on partition, psychiatry, and global history, but because neither the legacies nor logics of partition thinking have left us today. It will allow for a fuller appreciation of the human stakes when partition is proposed and debated today, and sound a warning: that humanitarian interventions made in the name of care can end up implicated in the violent politics of population reordering.

Mots-clés : history of medicine,history of psychiatry,partition,population exchange,mental health,international humanitarianism,greece,turkey,india,pakistan,yugoslavia,serbia,croatia,bosnia and herzegovina
Projet ERC : e-Perinatal (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention,  Diagnosis and T reatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : Université de Séville — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 978615.15 €

Maternal mental disorders are the most common complications during pregnancy and within the first year after childbirth (defined as the perinatal period) and are the leading cause of maternal suicide. Affected mothers cannot function properly, causing a devastating impact on the entire family. Effective primary prevention interventions are urgently needed. However, the current scientific evidence is insufficient to implementing primary preventive programs at the population level.  I aim to establish the effectiveness of universal preventive interventions for maternal perinatal mental disorders and to support their implementation as normalized routine practice in global healthcare services. Integrating classical and emerging methodological frameworks (family systems, self-determination theory, and normalization process theory), as well as the perspective of patient and public involvement in research, I will: (a) Develop a personalized mobile-Health preventive intervention for mothers and their partners, which integrates evidence-based psychological components and personalized health recommendations; (b) Test preventive intervention effectiveness for reducing the incidence of maternal depression and anxiety disorder, reducing father/partner symptoms of depression and anxiety, and promoting child health and development; (c) Apply a causal methodology, to pinpoint the underlying mechanisms for the effectiveness of the preventive intervention; and (d) Understand the implementation process and identify the factors that can promote or inhibit implementation.  With the multidisciplinary team that I lead – and a large-scale hybrid effectiveness-implementation trail in real-world maternal health services – this research programme promises to be the first in its field. The resulting robust scientific evidence and novel explanatory model will create a new research paradigm. A toolkit for implementation research will enhance translation as normalized routine practice.

Mots-clés : prevention perinatal mental disorders postpartum depression women primary health care
Projet ERC : PIONEER (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Molecules of Life: B iological  Mechanisms , Structures  and Functions
Entité participante : Université d'Islande — Pays : Islande — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 447238.54 €

Pioneer transcription factors (pTFs) have unique capabilities beyond classical TFs: They can invade and open closed chromatin, initiating cell-fate changes. Their remarkable abilities have been used to steer cell-fate decisions and to induce a pluripotent stem cell state through poorly understood pathways. Like most TFs, pTFs consist of structured DNA-binding domains (DBDs) flanked by long intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs). In attempts to explain their pioneering functions, intense focus has been on how the structured DBDs of pTFs interact with the nucleosome core particle. Yet, the critical interactions with nucleosomes beyond the core particle, the interplay between DBDs and IDRs, and the molecular mechanism of chromatin invading and opening, remain unclear.  The extensive disorder of pTFs places them outside the scope of current structural biology efforts and understanding their functions therefore requires a different approach. Single-molecule spectroscopy offers a powerful toolbox to monitor dynamic molecular systems and measure their conformational distributions. These methods enable quantitative modeling of distances and dynamics in biomolecules over timescales reaching over 15 orders of magnitude. Building on our recent breakthroughs in single-molecule techniques for studying highly disordered proteins in chromatin regulation and our preliminary data on pTF IDRs, we are in a unique position to apply our expertise to the molecular mechanism of pTFs. Using five established pTFs involved in four distinct cell reprogramming pathways, we intend to: 1) map conformational states, 2) decipher kinetic mechanisms, 3) engineer new pTFs, and 4) observe chromatin remodelling, both in vitro and within the complex cellular environment. A molecular-level understanding of pTF functions may break the barrier to fully controlling cell fate, unleashing the enormous medical potential of cell-based therapy.

Mots-clés : chromatin biophysics single molecule spectroscopy intrinsically disordered proteins pioneer transcription factors
Projet ERC : OBECAUSE (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Compl exity
Entité participante : Université de Tartu — Pays : Estonie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1497500.0 €

Obesity is a heritable chronic condition, costing 2% GDP worldwide. Many obesity treatments - behavioural, pharmacological, and surgical have been developed. Intriguingly, people’s responses to treatments vary widely - some may lose a lot of weight whereas others may even gain weight! To predict such weight change variability, close to 200 measures have been proposed in the past. The measures can be organised into a PEBBL framework across five domains – Psychosocial, Environment, Behavioural, Biology, and Life quality. Still, there are too many measures to be used as predictors or intervention targets. To move the field forward, we propose a novel 3-step OBECAUSE pipeline consisting of consolidation, genomic causation, and validation. 1) In consolidation, we will use machine learning to find best-predicting PEBBL measures in several large-scale weight loss datasets. The PEBBL measures will be integrated into a new PEBBL short questionnaire with wide coverage and good psychometric properties. The questionnaire will be then distributed to all participants of Estonian Biobank to study the genomics of PEBBL. 2) For genomic causation, we will detect genetic variants behind PEBBL measures and weight change. Knowing these variants enables discovering additions to the PEBBL framework through genetic correlations and functional mapping. Importantly, as genetic variants are randomised through genetic lottery, they enable systematic causal mapping of PEBBL measures that have causal effects on weight change. 3) For validation, these causal measures will be used as inputs to design an OBECAUSE toolbox of weight loss interventions. The value of these interventions will be tested in a commercial weight loss app. In summary, the OBECAUSE pipeline of narrowing scattered associations down to potential causal mechanisms with machine learning and genomic causal inference will set a new standard for the behavioural health sciences allowing for quicker discovery of intervention targets.

Mots-clés : weight change,obesity interventions,mendelian randomisation,behavioural science,machine learning
Projet ERC : ORGANDICT (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : Université Eberhard Karl de Tübingen — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1379648.0 €

The objective of my proposal is to push the frontier of our understanding of how the adoption of information and communication technologies (ICT) affects the internal organization of firms and thus firm productivity, employees’ careers and wages; how ICT adoption affects the organization of firms’ global value chains (GVC) and thus domestic employee outcomes; and how ICT adoption affects the foreign sourcing of innovation and thus domestic innovation.  Existing research gives only partial answers to these questions as it provides limited insights into the economic mechanisms behind the effects of ICT adoption and the organization of GVC. Research is impeded by lack of data with exhaustive information on ICT, GVC, and firm and employee outcomes.  My proposal will change that. I will assemble novel, comprehensive data sets with specific information on firms’ ICT use, GVC, balance sheets, and patents, as well as all employees’ characteristics, tasks, and wages. I will break new ground by developing theory and conducting theory-based empirical analyses that both identify causal effects and shed light on the economic mechanisms behind them.  My proposal consists of three parts. Part 1 exploits unique features of my data to study how ICT adoption induces firms to reorganize employees. I will analyse changes to task complexity and autonomy, careers and wages within employees over time to explore complementarities between higher availability of information due to ICT and employee knowledge.  Part 2 quantifies the effect of ICT adoption on offshoring, and, for the first time, studies how ICT adoption and offshoring jointly affect the task complexity and autonomy, careers and wages of employees, testing the predictions of task-based models.  Part 3 evaluates the effect of ICT adoption on offshoring of research and development (R&D), a key determinant of growth, and derives and tests novel conditions under which foreign R&D complements or substitutes domestic innovation.

Mots-clés : ict adoption firm organization global value chains multinational firms employment wages tasks corporate innovation productivity
Projet ERC : SOAR (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention,  Diagnosis and T reatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : Université Eberhard Karl de Tübingen — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1993688.0 €

Rising incidences of chronic disorders and cancer have been linked to reduced microbial diversity. Genetic risk factors are similarly involved in the development of chronic disorders and cancer. The effect of both microbial and genetic factors is particularly evident in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the identification of specific bacteria that trigger/drive disease or modulate therapy efficacy in IBD and CRC lacks a comprehensive approach. Even less is known about how these bacteria mechanistically induce such effects. The paucity of so far identified disease relevant bacteria and their mode of action, likely lies in the complexity of both the microbiome and the host’s genetic risk factors. We hypothesize that specific bacteria, which do not harm the host under steady state conditions, hijack host pathways in the presence of certain genetic risk factors to drive inflammation, onset and progression of IBD and CRC. We speculate that these bacteria, termed pathobionts, have so far been overlooked due to a lack of methods to triangulate these disease relevant bacteria in multi-factorial disorders like IBD and CRC. It is our objective to identify these pathobionts and match them to host genetic risk. To do so, we have developed an antibody coating based approach, to identify and culture pathobionts. Now, we want to overhaul our approach to develop a high throughput-pathobiont identification technology. Through machine learning, we then aim to find pathobiont-host genetic risk matches that drive disease and validate these matches in vivo. Lastly, we plan to demonstrate the potential of our new technology and gained knowledge. Through leveraging the gained knowledge, we aim to identify pathobiont-host risk matches in publicly available databases. This will unmask individuals at risk for the development of IBD, CRC and potentially other disorders. This may pave the way for future microbiome-based precision medicine approaches.

Mots-clés : microbiome,host genetic risk,host pathobiont interaction,immune system,chronic disorders,bioinformatics
Projet ERC : MultiScaleAmp (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental Constituents of Matter
Entité participante : Université de Gand — Pays : Belgique — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UGent
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1492250.0 €

The large amount of data that will be collected by experiments at the Large Hadron Collider in the coming years will lead to an unprecedented increase in the precision of their measurements. To benefit from these precise measurements and improve our understanding of the fundamental laws of physics, we must obtain a broad set of theoretical predictions to corresponding levels of precision. Crucially, these predictions require the computation of multi-particle multi-scale two-loop scattering amplitudes involving massive particles. This poses a formidable challenge that we are currently unable to meet.  In recent years, a new framework for the calculation of amplitudes has begun to emerge. Building on a deep understanding of the physical and mathematical properties of the amplitudes, it uses numerical evaluations to constrain an Ansatz for the analytic form of the amplitude.  Working in this framework, MultiScaleAmp will redefine the state of the art in multi-scale two-loop amplitude calculation by singling out the main bottlenecks in current approaches. In particular, it will make use of geometric and mathematical tools to understand the analytic structures which underpin the amplitudes, and introduce techniques which can handle a number of scales beyond the reach of current approaches. This will lead to a wide set of two-loop amplitude calculations, triggering a new era of theoretical precision.  In summary, MultiScaleAmp will make revolutionary conceptual developments in multi-scale amplitude computations, and usher in a new era of precision at hadron colliders. It will deliver:  1. Novel approaches for the computation of multi-scale Feynman integrals.  2. New techniques for the computation of two-loop amplitudes with many scales.  3. The necessary two-loop amplitudes for the production at hadron colliders of jets in association with heavy particles such as Higgs bosons, top quarks or vectors bosons.

Mots-clés : scattering amplitudes,qcd,multi loop,nnlo,higher order corrections,feynman integrals
Projet ERC : SIESS (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Condensed Matter Physics
Entité participante : Université de Gand — Pays : Belgique — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UGent
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1490000.0 €

Recent experiments on a class of atomically-thin two-dimensional materials, called moiré superlattice systems, have uncovered an entirely new and fascinating world of enigmatic strong-correlation physics and superconductivity. This project will develop theoretical models to explain these intriguing experimental observations. Numerical simulations will play an important role in guiding the theoretical models. An overarching goal is also to explore what lessons we can learn from moiré materials that advance our understanding of other paradigmatic strongly-correlated electron materials such as e.g. the copper-oxide superconductors.  The particular objectives of this project are to understand  1) the nature of the broken-symmetry orders which appear in different moiré materials, 2) the origin of superconductivity observed in carbon-based moiré materials, and the role of the repulsive Coulomb interaction in the electron pairing mechanism, 3) whether exotic fractionalized metals are realized in moiré materials, and their potential role in explaining to the ‘pseudo-gap’ regime, 4) the Mott insulating ground states of twisted transition-metal dichalcogenides, and the parameter regimes where these correspond to long-range-entangled spin liquids.  These objectives address some of the most important and long-standing problems in condensed matter physics, such as e.g. developing a theoretical understanding of electron pairing in the presence of strong repulsive interactions, and the nature of the pseudo-gap phase – which seems to be ubiquitous in strongly-correlated materials. The results obtained in this project will guide future experiments, and enhance the possibility of realizing exotic phases of quantum matter, such as spin liquids, in the lab. The experimental observation of spin liquids in moiré systems would constitute a milestone in the field of strongly-correlated materials.

Mots-clés : moir superlattice systems,twisted bilayer graphene
Projet ERC : QUANTHEM (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental Constituents of Matter
Entité participante : Université de Bologne — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1405750.0 €

The exceptional features of many-body quantum systems out of equilibrium are intimately connected with the intrinsic limitations we face when simulating their dynamics on a classical computer, as both are a consequence of the fact that quantum matter is entangled. Digital quantum simulators, or quantum computers, promise to overcome these limitations. However, in the current era of Noisy-Intermediate-Scale-Quantum (NISQ) devices, large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computation is out of reach, making full-fledged quantum simulation an ambitious long-term goal. Still, NISQ devices already provide new horizons and opportunities for fundamental research in many-body physics. Indeed, in their native hardware, they can be conceptualized as qubit systems evolving by discrete gates, measurements, and feedback, giving rise to completely new collective behavior and universal phenomena. This project has the ambitious goal of finding and theoretically characterizing new phases of matter which are exclusive to NISQ platforms, charting their largely unexplored phenomenology and possibilities. Taking on a fundamental perspective, at the intersection of many-body physics and quantum information theory, we will pursue this goal based on the study of synthetic models of quantum circuits and quantum cellular automata (QCA). The target results of this project include: (i) Prediction of new dynamical phases arising thanks to the building blocks of NISQ technology and identification of protocols to observe them in existing platforms; (ii) Deeper understanding of topical but hard problems in many-body physics out of equilibrium, made possible by the simplifying minimal structure of quantum-circuit and QCA models. The proposed research is expected to stimulate new synergies between different communities, reflecting the dual nature and interdisciplinary interest of NISQ devices, being both early prototypes for quantum computers and experimental platforms for many-body physics.

Mots-clés : digital quantum simulation,quantum thermalization,random quantum circuits,many body quantum chaos,quantum integrable models,quantum cellular automata,measurement induced phase transitions