Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : IN THE SAME SEA (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : University of Copenhagen — Pays : Danemark — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UCPH
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999970.0 €

IN THE SAME SEA is the first systematic investigation of the combined history of the Lesser Antilles from the 1650s to the 1850s. The project advances the hypothesis that the Lesser Antilles were decisively shaped by inter-island connections that transformed separate islands into a common world of slavery and freedom. Living in fragile societies of limited resources and marked by racial slavery, plantation production, and long-distance commerce, enslaved Africans, free people of color, and Europeans depended on and gained vital resources from crossing the short sea routes to their neighbors in English, French, Dutch, Spanish, Danish, and Swedish colonies. The project consists of a team specializing in the historiographies, archives, and languages of the six colonial powers present in the Lesser Antilles. A collaborative research methodology and digital solutions to data collection and mapping, enable the project to generate crucial new knowledge of how inter-island connections shaped the Lesser Antilles. This is done in five work packages covering the inter-island trade, enslaved movement, maintaining slavery, island belonging, and cultural responses to living in fragile societies. The project features a number of key elements designed to ensure its impact on the historical field and beyond. First, the project challenges the long-standing focus on European empires as the fundamental lodestone of the history of the Lesser Antilles. Second, it lays the foundation for an online database and digital mapping resource, which will become a crucial research tool in the fields of Caribbean and Atlantic history. Third, it brings a new analytical model to the efforts of studying spatial processes within several fields, amongst others, Atlantic history, new imperial history, and global history. Finally, the project provides vital input to the ongoing dialogues between states and institutions in the Lesser Antilles and Europe regarding the legacies of European colonialism.

Mots-clés : racial slavery,colonial worlds,unsustainable small islands,fresh and embodied resources,inter island trade,slave rebellions and runaways,slave owner collaboration and competition,family belonging,caribbean futures,sensory and emotional practices
Projet ERC : INCOMMON (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : Università Iuav di Venezia — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1398685.91 €

INCOMMON will be the first study to systematically analyse the field of performing arts as resulting from the practice of commonality both theorized and experienced over the 1960s and the 1970s.In particular, the project is aimed to study the history of the ‘laboratory Italy’ as the place where artistic counterculture expressed by performing arts arose in a milieu characterized by a profound relation between philosophy, politics, and revolutionary practices. The overall objectives of INCOMMON are i) to study, collect and contextualize those encounters between theatre, music, visual arts, cinema and video art that assumed the form of performances, especially those created as collaborations between artists; ii) to apply the concept of ‘will-to-the-common’ to the art field of the counterculture; iii) to underline the significance of artistic communities in the local and international scene; iv) to create a digital archive of the performances of the Italian artists of the period. The project will connect historical, philosophical and artistic debates to those in other sciences, sociology and in particular Social Network Theory,in order to reveal significant structures of meanings in the artistic community and to reveal the peculiar characteristics of shared creative processes.The methodology that will be developed is meant 1) to produce new ways of modelling the knowledge and interpretation of performing arts and 2) to create an innovative form of digital archive visualization, where rich interfaces will sustain and improve the understanding of the context and relationships analysed. INCOMMON will produce a comprehensive approach, oriented toward collection, digitization, restoration and dissemination of direct documentation and related materials of the Italian performing arts production of the great creative, political, existential wave of the counterculture, preserving and making accessible a patrimony that otherwise will continue to be lost to future generations.

Mots-clés : networking between artists,counterculture,intangible heritage,digital archives
Projet ERC : INITIUM (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental constituents of matter
Entité participante : National Institute for Nuclear Physics — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : INFN
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1109705.0 €

INITIUM: an Innovative Negative Ion TIme projection chamber for Underground dark Matter searches. INITIUM goal is to boost the advancement of gaseous Time Projection Chamber detectors in the Dark Matter (DM) searches field, one of the most compelling issues of todays fundamental physics. I believe this approach to be superior because of its active neutron/electron discrimination, directional and fiducialization capability down to low energies and versatility in terms of target material. Thanks to recent advances in Micro Pattern Gas Detectors amplification and improved readout techniques, TPCs are nowadays mature detectors to aim at developing a ton-scale experiment. INITIUM focuses on the development and operation of the first 1 m3 Negative Ion TPC with Gas Electron Multipliers amplification and optical readout with CMOS-based cameras and PMTs for directional DM searches at Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS). INITIUM will put new significant constraints in a DM WIMP-nucleon scattering parameter space still unexplored to these days, with a remarkable sensitivity down to 10-42-10-43 cm2 for Spin Independent coupling in the 1-10 GeV WIMP mass region. As a by-product, INITIUM will also precisely and simultaneously measure environmental fast and thermal neutron flux at LNGS, supplying crucial information for any present and future experiment in this location. Consequently, I will demonstrate the proof-of-principle and scalability of INITIUM approach towards the development of a ton-scale detector in the context of CYGNUS, an international collaboration (of which I am one of the Spokespersons and PIs) recently gathered together with the aim to establish a Galactic Directional Recoil Observatory, that can test the DM hypothesis beyond the Neutrino Floor and measure the coherent scatter of galactic neutrinos, generating a significant long-term impact on detection techniques for rare events searches.

Mots-clés : directional dark matter searches,time projection chamber,negative ion drift,gas electron multipliers  gems,cmos based camera
Projet ERC : INNOVATION (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 48526.71 €

INNOVATION anticipates a breakthrough in scholarly understanding of the medieval origins of modern Western philosophy. This breakthrough will be achieved by exposing the pioneering nature of early thirteenth-century Franciscan thought and its pivotal significance for the subsequent formation of the Western philosophical identity. The work of early Franciscans has largely been neglected in scholarly circles, on the assumption that they merely codified the work of past authorities, where later Franciscans developed innovative ideas that laid the foundation for the development of modern philosophy. INNOVATION will contest this assumption by producing the first comprehensive study of the sources, method, content, and later medieval reception of early Franciscan thought. In conducting this study, I will implement a groundbreaking method of reading scholastic texts, which is attentive to the way that practice informed theory in the high Middle Ages. This ‘practice-led’ hermeneutic will provide a resource for re-envisaging the entire state of the art in the study of scholasticism. As regards early Franciscans, it will allow me to identify novelty, often due to the use of Islamic sources, where past scholars have perceived unoriginality. On this basis, I will highlight previously unnoticed connections between the early and late Franciscan schools. By these means, I will illustrate how Western thought has been nourished by the ethos of a particular religious order and by Islamic thought, pointing up a shared Muslim-Western philosophical identity that is often overlooked but urgently needed to overcome severe fractures in today’s society. At the same time, I will emphasize that Franciscan ideas only became modern once removed from their practice-led context. In juxtaposing the cultural paradigms of philosophy and religious practice, consequently, I will advance knowledge by producing the first nuanced scholarly account of the Franciscan origins of modern Western thought.

Mots-clés : franciscan studies,origins of modernity
Projet ERC : INTERSPINE (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : Imperial College London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 150000.0 €

INTERSPINE (“From Neurons to Robots: Non-Invasive, General-Purpose Interfacing With Human Spinal Motor Neurons”) aims at exploiting the methodologies developed during the ERC Advanced grant DEMOVE (“Decoding the Neural Code of Human Movements for a New Generation of Man-machine Interfaces”). During DEMOVE, novel bioelectrodes and computational methods have been developed to enrich our fundamental understanding of the mechanisms underlying the generation of human movements, from the cellular level to the function. These methods also contributed to the development of new schemes for controlling bionic limbs to substitute missing ones in amputees. INTERSPINE will translate these methods, and specifically those based on non-implanted electrodes, to develop a more robust general system that extracts neural information (at the individual cell level) from the human spinal cord and transforms it into extremely accurate commands to external devices, such as prosthesis, general purpose and teleoperated robots, and computer interfaces. This will be the only non-invasive man-machine interface based on direct neural activity (spiking of neural cells). The ERC Grant DEMOVE demonstrated in laboratory conditions that this approach is feasible and allows the identification of the exact timing of each activation of neural cells in the spinal cord, known as motor neurons. INTERSPINE will extend this approach through wearable devices and real-time processing, as well as with a robust association between the identified neural activity and external commands to devices, with the aim of revolutionizing everyday man-machine interfacing. The direct decoding of neural activity will provide unprecedented accuracy and robustness with respect to other non-invasive approaches. Keywords: man-machine interfacing; motor neurons; electromyography (EMG); prosthesis; movement; spinal cord; muscles; motor control.

Mots-clés : man machine interfacing,motor neurons,electromyography  emg,prosthesis,movement,spinal cord,muscles,motor control
Projet ERC : FastCode (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer science and informatics
Entité participante : University of London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : U. London
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1500000.0 €

Ideally, advances in hardware design would directly translate to performance or energy improvements in software. In reality, this involves a manual process of tuning a sophisticated production compiler or hardware-specific rewriting of code. This process is challenging even for the few experts who possess the required range of skills. Moreover, any errors introduced in this process affect the entire software stack and likely compromise its reliability and security. The aim of this project is to enable software to take full advantage of the capabilities of emerging microprocessor designs without modifying the compiler. Towards this end, we propose a new approach to code generation and optimization. Our approach uses constraint solving in a novel way to generate efficient code for modern architectures and guarantee that the generated code correctly implements the source code. Unlike existing superoptimization and synthesis methods, our approach shifts the entire search problem into the solver. Tight integration with the solver provides a way to reuse reasoning steps and guide the solver using domain specific information about the input program and the target architecture. This approach paves the way to employing recent advances in SMT solvers and has the potential to advance SMT solvers further by providing a new category of challenging benchmarks that come from an industrial application domain. I expect this project to revolutionize the way compilers perform hardware-specific optimizations. It will eliminate an entire class of software errors and unrealized potential performance gains caused by modern optimizing compilers. It will also aid hardware designers by providing greater flexibility for design explorations and faster deployment of new hardware. Thus, this project will lead to significant improvement in performance and stability of software systems, as well as a fundamental impact on several scientific fields.

Mots-clés : software synthesis,smt solvers,code generation and optimization,compilers,programming language implementation,superoptimization,program analysis and verification
Projet ERC : ERVE (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy
Entité participante : University of Cambridge — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : U. Cambridge
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1780000.0 €

Identification of the full complement of genes and other functional elements in any virus is crucial to fully understand its molecular biology and guide the development of effective control strategies. Our recent discoveries of new 'hidden' genes in the potyviruses, alphaviruses, arteriviruses, flaviviruses and influenza A virus have demonstrated that, even in the most well-studied and economically-important viruses, small overlapping genes can remain undetected throughout decades of research. Comparative computational analyses can be used to efficiently identify hidden features and target experimental analyses, thus saving time and cost, and minimizing animal experiments. With the rapid increase in sequencing data, for the first time it is now possible to map out at high resolution functional elements genome-wide in hundreds of important virus species. Our research involves the development of powerful new tools for virus comparative genomics, and the application of these tools to uncover hidden genes and other functional elements in RNA virus and retrovirus genomes. Hidden genes are often translated via non-canonical mechanisms, such as programmed ribosomal frameshifting, and we are particularly interested in discovering and characterizing new types of non-canonical translation. Deciphering these 'exceptions-to-the-rule' enhances our understanding of the mechanics of protein synthesis. Further, these novel mechanisms may also be relevant to cellular gene expression. The goals of this project are: 1) To computationally identify all 'hidden' genes and major functional non-coding elements in the genomes of RNA viruses and retroviruses of medical, veterinary and agricultural importance. 2) To experimentally characterize the most interesting new features. 3) To characterize novel translation mechanisms utilized by RNA viruses. 4) To develop web interfaces to our software and an interactive RNA virus comparative genomics database.

Mots-clés : rna viruses,comparative genomics,genetic recoding,ribosomal frameshifting,non canonical translation,overlapping genes,functional rna elements
Projet ERC : TopDyn (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Condensed matter physics
Entité participante : University of Copenhagen — Pays : Danemark — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UCPH
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1205000.0 €

If the twentieth century was about discovering the basic laws of quantum mechanics, then the twenty first century will be about pushing them to new frontiers and learning how to control them. Condensed matter systems are predicted to host many intriguing and potentially useful quantum phenomena, though materials where they can be realized are rare. This motivates me to seek alternative routes for their realization, and to find new means for controlling quantum many-body systems. In this project I aim to provide a deeper and broader theoretical understanding of quantum dynamics in driven many-body systems, and to expose new routes for experimental investigation. As a major research theme, my team will investigate possibilities for using time-dependent fields to realize topological phenomena through strong driving. The theoretical description and realization of such phenomena is a multifaceted problem that will serve as a vehicle for elucidating many general aspects of driven quantum dynamics that are relevant on an even broader scale. To achieve my broad goals I propose an ambitious work plan, organized into three interrelated work packages focused on: 1) characterizing, 2) realizing, and 3) probing the static, dynamic, and topological properties of driven quantum systems. In some cases we will study conceptually pure, minimal models, designed to illustrate the interplay between driving and interactions. We will also investigate realistic, experimentally-motivated models, seeking to understand the key factors and processes that govern the realization of topological phenomena in driven systems, and how to control them. In addition, we will study non-equilibrium probes of correlated systems, focusing on using the nuclear spin environments of electronic systems to probe and control the systems' magnetic properties. Through each of these tracks we will gain valuable new insight into the nature and dynamics of quantum many-body systems, far from equilibrium.

Mots-clés : floquet topological insulators,many body dynamics,driven systems,dynamical nuclear polarization
Projet ERC : TAKHAYYUL (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : University of London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : U. London
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 61738.75 €

Imagination and dreams are often at the heart of political formations. The dream of reviving the Islamic empires has gained the Islamist political actors currency and a large following in the homes of the three greatest Islamic Empires (aka Islamdom: Ottoman, Safavid, Mughal/Timurid), even though the most recent of these ceased to exist almost a hundred years ago. Today, Islamist actors, across what is now called the Balkan-to-Bengal complex, tap into their followers’ various historical references, religious cosmologies, nationalist resentments, and other affective and imaginative registers to further their politics at the most ambitious scale, to resurrect the empire. In the former centres of Islamic Empires, the imaginative references emerge with elements of imperial nostalgia, post-imperial malaise, and political rage. The existing work has failed to capture the interconnected imaginative forces in the formation of Islamist politics for the following reasons: A) The region does not fit into foci of area studies. B) Eurocentric theories are limited to grasp and analyse the imaginative forces. This project builds on an Islamic concept takhayyul: terrestrial imagination that informs both doxastic and futuristic thinking towards developing an Islamic shared vision. C) An anthropological work with its fine-grained ethnographic method and comparative heritage, is poised to make a substantive contribution for the first time to excavate the imaginative forces in the formation of Islamist imperial dreams. The project aims: 1) To lay the conceptual ground for an anthropology of imagination, by developing the in-depth and comparative formulation of the concept takhayyul. 2) To expand anthropological knowledge on Islamisms by pushing against the limits of modernist rationality; instead, exploring the historical, ethical, and aesthetic. 3) To experiment with an innovative comparative research design that combines historical and ethnographic excavations on the imaginative.

Mots-clés : islamist politics,imagination
Projet ERC : Bio-ICD (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : Leiden University Medical Center — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : LUMC
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1485028.0 €

Imagine a heart that could no longer suffer from life-threatening rhythm disturbances, and not because of pills or traumatizing electroshocks from an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) device. Instead, this heart has become able to rapidly detect & terminate these malignant arrhythmias fully on its own, after gene transfer. In order to explore this novel concept of biological auto-detection & termination of arrhythmias, I will investigate how forced expression of particular engineered proteins could i) allow cardiac tissue to become a detector of arrhythmias through rapid sensing of acute physiological changes upon their initiation. And how after detection, ii) this cardiac tissue (now as effector), could terminate the arrhythmia by generating a painless electroshock through these proteins. To this purpose, I will first explore the requirements for such detection & termination by studying arrhythmia initiation and termination in rat models of atrial & ventricular arrhythmias using optical probes and light-gated ion channels. These insights will guide computer-based screening of proteins to identify those properties allowing effective arrhythmia detection & termination. These data will be used for rational engineering of the proteins with the desired properties, followed by their forced expression in cardiac cells and slices to assess anti-arrhythmic potential & safety. Promising proteins will be expressed in whole hearts to study their anti-arrhythmic effects and mechanisms, after which the most effective ones will be studied in awake rats. This unexplored concept of self-resetting an acutely disturbed physiological state by establishing a biological detector-effector system may yield unique insight into arrhythmia management. Hence, this could provide distinctively innovative therapeutic rationales in which a diseased organ begets its own remedy, e.g. a Biologically-Integrated Cardiac Defibrillator (Bio-ICD).

Mots-clés : cardiac arrhythmias,cardiac electrophysiology,ion channels