Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : ATTRACTE (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth System Science
Entité participante : Institut de physique du globe — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : IPG de Paris
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1000000.0 €

Planetary atmospheres are fundamental reservoirs controlling the habitability of planets. The chemical and isotopic compositions of atmospheric constituents also hold clues on the geological evolution of the entire planetary body. Today, Earth's atmosphere contains about 80% dinitrogen and 20% dioxygen. Yet, there is no scientific consensus on how and why these two molecules emerged and persisted in the Earth's atmosphere. The interactions between the atmosphere and the continental crust also play a major role in controlling the bio-availability of nutrients and the composition of the atmosphere, and thus the climate. However, the evolution of the volume of continental crust over time is strongly debated. Project ATTRACTE will significantly improve our knowledge of the main drivers of atmospheric evolution over time. This will be achieved by going back in time and following the evolution of the composition of the Earth's atmosphere over geological eons. Analyses of gases contained in traditional and new paleo-atmospheric proxies, the post-impact hydrothermal minerals, will be carried out with innovative mass spectrometry techniques. The isotopic composition of paleo-atmospheric xenon will provide new constraints on the history of hydrogen escape for the Archean Earth. Coupled argon and nitrogen measurements will allow to determine, for the first time, the evolution of the partial pressure of atmospheric dinitrogen. Paleo-atmospheric data gathered during the project will be fed in numerical models of Earth's atmospheric and crustal evolution. This will allow to reconstruct how volatile elements have been exchanged between the silicate Earth and the atmosphere through time. Results gathered during project ATTRACTE will ultimately provide new datasets for climate studies of the ancient Earth but will also help building the scientific framework required to interpret future observations of exoplanetary atmospheres and to portray the geology of extrasolar planets.

Mots-clés : noble gases
Projet ERC : CORSAIR (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental Constituents of Matter
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1497378.0 €

In the CORSAIR project, I propose to study and control subradiance, namely the suppression of collective spontaneous emission, in sub-wavelength arrays of two-level atoms, using a new atomic physics platform. Understanding and controlling how an ensemble of quantum emitters collectively emits or absorbs light is vital in several areas of science and technology. However, the description of this problem is a challenge since it amounts to a dissipative quantum many-body problem. This is why I propose to develop a new experimental research direction towards the following specific objectives: (i) The building of an experimental platform able to create ordered 1D and 2D arrays of atoms with sub-wavelength spacing, and high-fidelity detection of excitations in the arrays. (ii) The selective excitation of subradiant excitations, i.e., where collective spontaneous emission is strongly suppressed. I will develop an addressing scheme to populate a subradiant state with high fidelity and perform experiments demonstrating tailored light storage and retrieval, and metrological enhancement by subradiance. (iii) The understanding of how atomic correlations can be dissipatively engineered via subradiance. I will strive to observe the fermionic correlations that are predicted to emerge from collective decay in arrays, and I will map the phase diagram of a driven two-level atomic array. These objectives will be reached by developing dedicated new tools. I will use dysprosium, an atomic species with properties that allow novel cooling and trapping schemes that I propose to use. In the rich spectrum of Dy, I will isolate a two-level system with a narrow linewidth. I will further develop a novel addressing tool, that allows to drive an array with an alternating phase profile which directly excites a subradiant excitation. I will rely on a broad transition to perform time- and position-resolved high-fidelity measurements of excitations and correlations in the two-level arrays.

Mots-clés : atom light interactions,subradiance,dissipative many body systems
Projet ERC : LostMA (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Texts and Concepts
Entité participante : École nationale des Chartes — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ENC
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499235.0 €

LostMa aims at understanding how human cultures are constituted and evolve, through the question of the transmission of written cultural artefacts. It strives to establish in what measure the transmission (and subsequent preservation or loss) of written artefacts, texts and ideas deviates from pure chance, and, if it deviates, by how much and why it does. It will do so by analysing the way that texts in manuscript form were copied, transformed or destroyed, in a similar way to the evolution of living organisms or of language variants, through process of innovation/mutation, fixation or extinction. As such, the goal of this project is not only to understand the processes behind the transmission of texts, but also to grasp the extent to which humans are the actors of the transmission of their own culture and how much the survival of texts or the constitution of cultural canons are due to chance. If this notion may seem provocative to humanities researchers, evolutionary biologists have long discovered the role of random drift in the survival or extinction of genetic traits and species. To investigate this question, this project will attempt a paradigm-shift in philological methods, by combining artificial intelligence, complexity science and philological expertise. Stochastic birth-and-death processes and computer multi-agent simulations will be used to emulate the process of textual transmission. A case study will be taken, regarding chivalric literature in European context. Supported by deep learning methods, large-scale data collection will be made on a corpus of 4000 documents in Romance, Germanic and Celtic languages, with a full-text zoom on approx. 1000 Old French manuscripts. Data will provide observable values to be compared to simulation results, in order to measure deviations from chance, make inferences on non observable values such as loss/survival rates of works and manuscripts, and understand the dynamics at work behind the transmission of texts.

Mots-clés : erc ver 1 00 20210323 philology history of texts digital humanities complex systems evolutionary models computational text analysis medieval european literature medieval western manuscripts stemmatology
Projet ERC : NASA (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Materials Engineering
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1449935.0 €

Audible sound is an inevitable physical phenomenon which can be “the best or the worst of all things”. In its best form, is essential to human communication and entertainment. In its worst form, it appears as a social and health threat through noise in urban and domestic environments, arising from sources such as vehicles, ventilation systems, construction sites and aircraft engines. Both European and international organisations identify noise as a major health issue of modern society and insist on regulating its levels. Some modern noise reduction solutions, using artificial periodic composites and benefiting from the 3D printing techniques do exist, however an important problem regarding sound absorption still remains unsolved and unexplored. High amplitude nonlinear waves cannot be absorbed using the existing conventional techniques and devices. These high amplitude nonlinear waves in fact pose an even larger problem than noise. When they appear in applications such as power plants or gas transport systems they can cause significant environmental, reliability, and safety problems stemming from vibration and structural fatigue. In an original perspective, the NASA project, will utilise recent results from non-Hermitian physics to tame and absorb high amplitude, nonlinear sound waves. The project strives to uncover the main sources of nonlinearity in acoustic isolation solutions, and to use active nonreciprocal scatterers in unison with modern concepts such as topological physics, proposing an unconventional way to efficiently absorb nonlinear acoustic waves. Nonlinearity, which is known to lead into chaos, and randomness, when in conjunction with non-Hermiticity, raises fundamental questions and their synergy may revolutionise our ability to control waves. Within NASA I aim develop novel design principles and tools which will foster the development of efficient, adoptable, and reliable noise reduction technologies particularly in heavy industry and aviation.

Mots-clés : nonlinear waves,acoustics,absorption,non hermitian,helmholtz resonators,exceptional points,pt symmetry
Projet ERC : TopoRosetta (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Condensed Matter Physics
Entité participante : Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CEA
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499804.0 €

Solid-state materials hosting topological insulating (TI) states have been intensely studied following predictions that their bulk and surface features may serve as robust platforms for spintronics, quantum computing, and magnetoelectric responses. 3D topological crystalline insulator (TCI) states protected by crystal symmetries have also been predicted, and through first-principles (DFT) calculations, thousands of candidate TIs and TCIs have been identified, including correlated charge-density-wave and magnetic variants. Though topological materials can readily be mathematically classified, we still do not know the bulk experimental signatures and advantageous properties of most topological states, limiting their practical applicability in chemistry, materials science, and quantum devices. To unlock the immense promise of solid-state TIs and TCIs, I propose to leverage the group theory of crystal symmetries to produce a “Rosetta Stone” to translate the mathematical topological classification into robust and intuitive experimental observables, such as the spin and charge trapped by defects and new electromagnetic responses. First, we will devise theories of topological spin-, orbital- (valley-), and layer-resolved bulk, surface, and crystal defect responses in 3D TCIs and introduce numerical methods for their identification in real materials. Next, we will for the first time construct a position-space, symmetry-based methodology for systematically enumerating and analyzing superconducting (SC) TCIs, which may host excitations advantageous to the storage and manipulation of quantum information. We will introduce the fundamentally new notion of SC symmetry groups to characterize SC TCIs by exploiting tension between their position- and momentum-space descriptions. This will uniquely allow us to side-step specifying the mechanism or strength of the SC order. For both lines of inquiry, we will apply data mining and DFT to identify and characterize material candidates.

Mots-clés : topological phases of matter,topological materials
Projet ERC : ARXIMEDES (Horizon Europe, appel 2025, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Condensed Matter Physics
Entité participante : Thales group — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Thales
Type d'entité : Organismes privés (hors enseignement)
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499607.0 €

ARXIMEDES’ ambition is to establish a novel neutral atom-magnon platform towards on-chip quantum information processing (QIP) and quantum simulation at 300 K. It will explore the braiding of magnonics e.g. spin waves with cold matter: First, by harnessing the spin wave’s tuneable stray field of a standing spin wave pattern to trap ultracold neutral 87Rubidium (Rb) atoms on chip via magnonic lattice potentials. Second, by controlling the atoms & their interactions via magnonics. The absence of electrical current generating the trap will overcome today's challenges of miniaturized atom chips such as heating and decoherence from the trap. Third, the subsequent constitution of a new “magnonic lattice toolbox” which contains all ingredients to individually control and manipulate atoms will pioneer on-chip sensing, QIP and quantum simulation (by exploiting the frequency tunability and phase control of magnonics to move atoms by coupling to spin waves or to tune the lattice for Floquet band engineering). ARXIMEDES’ compact atom-magnon chip will uniquely combine the scalability, tuneability and controllability of magnonics with the advantages of neutral atom qubits (e.g. long coherence times, low error rates). ARXIMEDES will thus establish new avenues for QIP and quantum simulation for many-body physics by studying very short-range atom interaction regimes (via wide lattice spacing tunability for sub-wavelength lattices e.g. to engineer artificial gauge fields). Further, magnon-atom interactions in the linear or nonlinear regimes will be explored for the first time as well as extending state-of-the art magnonics by the new roles of spin wave interference, pulses and propagation in ARXIMEDES. Together with these new insights to fundamental physics, ARXIMEDES unique idea will also propel atom chip quantum sensors beyond state-of-the-art and bring together the cold matter and magnonics communities for new pathways for on chip quantum technologies in the 21st century.

Mots-clés : magnonics,magnonic traps for ultracold neutral atoms,magnonics for quantum information processing and quantum simulation,quantum sensing,hybrid on chip platform,inertial sensors
Projet ERC : UnderPressure (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and R egeneration
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1498280.0 €

Growth-induced pressure necessarily emerges when a cell population, whichever the organism, proliferates in a 3D spatially-limited environment. Growth-induced pressure imposes physical constraints on cell physiology. A reduction of growth and division is observed in evolutionarily distant organisms such as bacteria, fungi, plants, or mammals. However, some cells are more capable of coping with these physical limitations and proliferate than others. This is in particular the case of cancer cells, for which growth-induced pressure participates in tumorigenesis and chemoresistance. Despite its importance, we are still at a loss to identify the basic sensing mechanisms associated with 3D proliferation under pressure.  It is notably unclear if the mechanical control of proliferation stems from specific signaling or is a consequence of associated changes in the physical properties of cells. The goal of UnderPressure is to elucidate the phenotypic convergence of the mechanical-control of cell proliferation. We hypothesize that a large part of proliferation reduction comes from the physical limits imposed by the obligatory increase of macromolecular crowding under 3D confinement. Crowding relates to the high fraction of macromolecules in the cell and has the potential to kinetically alter biochemical reactions. We expect crowding to limit key processes associated with growth and division, and to elicit specific signaling essential to circumvent these limitations. Using unique microfluidic devices, we will investigate in bacteria, fungi, and mammalian cells how compressive forces physically limit growth and division and unravel the signaling pathways associated with the control of cell proliferation. We will mainly focus on crowding, investigate its consequences and its link with other physical properties such as membrane tension. We will use this knowledge to control cell proliferation in 3D compressed tumors, with the hope to notably reduce chemoresistance.

Mots-clés : mechano biology,cancer science,multi organism,compressive stress,growth induced pressure,microfluidic,macromolecular crowding,membrane tension,cell proliferation
Projet ERC : P3OPLE (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : École polytechnique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : X
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1105303.0 €

Population dynamics are a crucial driver of the prosperity of nations. Nowadays, fertility is too high in less developed countries, impeding their escape from poverty, and too low in more developed countries, threatening their very existence. Another concern is the global rise of childlessness among men, which correlates with mental health issues and social unrest. P3OPLE contributes to addressing these challenges by studying how social and market interactions shape the dynamics and distribution of fertility. I will introduce and test the empirical relevance of two novel concepts: high/low fertility traps and involuntary male childlessness. The first concept revolves around peer effects in fertility preferences and revisits an unsettled debate: why are some communities trapped in sub-optimally high or low fertility equilibria? I will discuss how information and coordination failures, conformism and competition, as well as immigration, can prevent or facilitate fertility change. The second concept deals with general equilibrium effects on the matching market and raises an unexplored question: can a man be involuntarily childless due to a relative scarcity of female partners on the matching market? I will quantify the importance of unbalanced sex ratios, polygamy and serial monogamy as drivers of reproductive inequalities.  Both concepts cross the boundaries of disciplines by integrating insights from demography, sociology and evolutionary biology into economic frameworks. The methodology will combine economic theory and cutting-edge empirical analysis, including experimental, observational and structural methods, to provide quantitative evidence on novel causal links. Finally, I will build databases with information on male fertility and subjective determinants of fertility never consolidated or collected at such a large scale. They will allow researchers to answer open questions and explore novel ideas inspired by hitherto undocumented patterns.
Projet ERC : QGPthroughEECs (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental Constituents of Matter
Entité participante : École polytechnique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : X
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499275.0 €

The Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) created in high-energy collisions of heavy nuclei at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is an exotic state of matter made of deconfined quarks and gluons, which behaves as a strongly-coupled fluid, with no discernible microscopic particle-like dynamics. Understanding how this strongly-coupled liquid emerges from matter which, at very short distances, is made of weakly-coupled partons stands as one of the paramount challenges in heavy-ion physics for the coming decade. To address this fundamental question, we must probe the QGP at varying resolution scales. QGPthroughEECs proposes an innovative approach to multi-scale microscopy of the QGP, based on examining the structure of the jets' energy flux deposited on the detectors, captured in a class of observables finding their origins in conformal field theories known as energy-energy correlators (EECs). N-point EECs look at the energy distribution of all combinations of N final particles within a jet as a function of their angular distances. Much like temperature correlations of the cosmic microwave background offer insights into the Universe's time evolution, the structure of EECs across their angular regimes gives access to the QGP dynamics at distinct length scales. By developing the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) first-principles framework for heavy-ion jets’ EECs and computing specific EECs sensitive to elusive QGP phenomena, this project aims to answer several long-standing questions about the QGP inner dynamics. These include quantifying the role of color decoherence, unveiling how the QGP modifies the QCD dead-cone effect, establishing compelling evidence of medium response, and determining the length scale at which the description of the QGP in terms of quasiparticles becomes valid. As the person who pioneered the application of EECs to heavy-ion physics and with broad expertise in jet quenching theoretical calculations, the PI is in a unique position to achieve these ambitious goals.

Mots-clés : heavy ion collisions,quark gluon plasma,jet quenching,lhc,energy correlators