Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : FirmIneq (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : University of London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : U. London
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 99637.0 €

Wage inequality in industrialised countries has increased sharply over the past decades, and much of this increase has occurred between rather than within firms. Furthermore, substantial inequality between men and women persists in all industrialised countries, and a large part of the gender gaps observed today is attributable to the arrival of children. In this proposal, we put firms at the centre of the analysis and ask the following questions: First, which market forces can (partly) explain the increasing wage inequality between firms? Second, how do government policies alter the wage structure? And third, how do firm policies and the firm environment impact on gender inequality? All projects draw on four decades of German social security records comprising the near universe of workers and establishments, which we augment with survey and administrative data on firms. In Project A, we investigate how two important market forces, increased product market competition and routine-biased technological change, contributed to the increasing wage inequality between firms, by changing which firms operate in the market (selection) and how employment is distributed across low and high productivity firms (reallocation), and by differentially affecting wage growth across firm types (differential wage growth). In Project B, we study how two prominent government policies, the introduction of a minimum wage and changes in business tax rates, affect wage dispersion between firms through selection, reallocation and differential growth effects. In Project C, we first analyse whether firm provided family-friendly policies, most notably flexible working times and child care facilities, can be effective at reducing gender inequality. We then investigate how the firm environment, specifically the presence of co-workers who are likely to have a working mother and hold more egalitarian gender attitudes, shapes mothers’ return-to-work decisions and earnings trajectories after childbirth.

Mots-clés : j16  economics of gender,j24  human capital,skills,labor productivity,j31  wage level and structure,wage differentials,e24  employment,unemployment,wages,o33  technological change
Projet ERC : ANEMONE (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : National University of Ireland — Pays : Irlande — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : NUI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 148805.0 €

Water-stress in an increasing global problem and solutions such as water recycling and seawater desalination are now becoming a necessary part of the water infrastructure. The technology for the production of safe drinking is increasingly dependent on these more diverse sources and a key enabling technology is membrane filtration. While membrane system are effective, the operating costs of such systems are hampered by fouling which increases the energy requirement for process operation. The unique idea of this Proof of Concept is to develop an electrospun nanostructured membrane which can be integrated into water filtration technologies. The unique method of fabrication will produce an inherently antibacterial and antibiofouling surface in a one-step process, cutting the number of manufacturing steps. This concept, when deployed commercially is expected to dramatically reduce the operating costs of membrane processes for water treatment. The commercialisation route of the product will be through the patent protection and the licensing of the technology with a view to rapid commercialisation.

Mots-clés : water,biofouling,materials,nanofiltration,fouling,polymer
Projet ERC : WATU (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Condensed matter physics
Entité participante : Université Grenoble Alpes — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UGA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1923064.75 €

Wave turbulence and fluid turbulence belong to the same class of turbulent states made of a large number of nonlinearly coupled degrees of freedom driven far from equilibrium. The Weak Turbulence Theory is a statistical theory of low amplitude turbulent waves. The predicted phenomenology (energy cascade) is very similar to that of fluid turbulence, which badly lacks such a statistical theory. Weak Turbulence is thus a promising mathematical framework for turbulence in general. It is observed in many systems such as planetary atmospheres, astrophysical plasmas, tokomak fusion plasmas, superfluid turbulence or Bose-Einstein condensates for example. The theory is much less advanced in the strong wave turbulence case for which a richer phenomenology appears due to the generation of coherent structures. Furthermore, to a large extent the theory lacks experimental validation. My project aims at studying several physical systems (vibrating elastic plate, 1D and 2D water surface waves, 3D internal waves in a stratified fluid) specifically chosen to highlight various features of wave turbulence both in the weak and strong regimes. Under strong forcing, coherent structures will appear such as developable cones (elastic plates), solitons and sharp water wave ridges (water surface waves) or even fluid turbulence for overturning 3D internal waves. I will specifically use two unique large-scale facilities available in LEGI (Grenoble, France): the 30 m 1D wave flume for surface water waves and the 13m-diameter Coriolis turntable for water surface waves and internal waves. I will setup advanced space-time resolved profilometry and velocimetry techniques adapted to the dimensionality and size of each one of these systems. Advanced statistical tools on massive datasets will provide a profound insight into the coupling between waves and structures in the various regimes of wave turbulence.

Mots-clés : wave turbulence,weak turbulence,experiments,surface waves,internal waves
Projet ERC : WayTO (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : University of Münster — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : WWU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1336562.5 €

Wayfinding is a task that we manage every day while going to work or on vacation. Although wayfinding research has gone through tremendous development, it suffers from fundamental shortcomings: State-of-the art wayfinding research still adheres to the principles of turn-by-turn navigation. This proposal suggests a new wayfinding paradigm “Wayfinding Through Orientation” that supports the acquisition of spatial knowledge and cognitive mapping for advancing the user’s orientation. Users learn the spatial configuration of their environment through navigating. This makes wayfinding more successful because users with orientation can take informed spatial decisions. Our project goals are achieved through four objectives: 1.We develop a scientific understanding of orientation in wayfinding through empirically analyzing what kind of information induces orientation in humans. 2.We generate orientation information automatically. Orientation information is different to spatial data stored in geographic information systems, because it does not have a consistent level of generalization, it is schematized and it refers to vernacular, vague places not included in traditional maps. 3.New means of communication are developed to integrate orientation instructions into route directions. New maps are required to account for the characteristics of orientation information. 4.To evaluate orientation wayfinding, we cannot apply traditional measures such as travel time, but develop new methods to determine the effect of orientation wayfinding on peoples’ ability to solve wayfinding tasks that require orientation and cognitive mapping. “Wayfinding Through Orientation” is a paradigm change in wayfinding which has profound impact well beyond GI Science research. Our research lays the scientific foundations for a new way of navigation. We strongly believe that we have the necessary expertise to pursue this interdisciplinary project. Preliminary results have been well received by the community.

Mots-clés : spatial cognition,cognitive wayfinding,computer supported wayfinding assistance,orientation,survey knowledge,spatial learning,cognitive mapping
Projet ERC : HOPE (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Synergy grants)
Entité participante : École polytechnique — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : X
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 72967.61 €

We aim at shedding a unique light on hippocampal function at circuit level through the design of a novel method to trace the construction of brain circuits in health and disease based on hybrid multiphoton in vivo longitudinal color imaging of the dynamics and structure of genetically-tagged neuronal clones from birth into adulthood. This is made possible by the exceptional interdisciplinary collaboration of three labs with expertise in advanced optical microscopy, genetic engineering and systems developmental neuroscience. Our novel methodology, applied here to the hippocampus, will pioneer a new way to track the emergence and plasticity of heterogeneous neuronal circuits as these progressively give rise to function in physiological and pathological contexts, thus bridging the gap between early development and adult circuit physio-pathology. This will enable us to revisit adult hippocampal function from a developmental perspective. The hippocampus is classically described as providing a cognitive map of space, involved in navigation, learning, and episodic memory. However, a more computational and less representational vision of its role presently emerges in which its circuits are best described as producing sequences of neuronal activation arising from the interaction between external contextual inputs and internally-generated preconfigured dynamics. Converging work including ours leads us to hypothesize that internally preconfigured assemblies, shaped by their developmental journey, are the basic modules of hippocampal function. In this context, we will use our new approach to address three interrelated questions: 1) Are assemblies shaped by specific circuits in the adult hippocampus (objective A)? 2) Are they prewired or shaped by experience (objective B)? 3) What is their patho-physiological significance (objective C)? Addressing these major issues raises a timely challenge in both optics and genetic engineering at the core of this synergistic proposal.

Mots-clés : nonlinear microscopy,multiphoton microscopy,adaptive optics,light sheet microscopy,tissue imaging,harmonic generation microscopy,bioimage informatics,large image data,cell lineage,clonal analysis,connectomics,neurodevelopement,brainbow,genetic engineering,calcium imaging,hippocampus,development,circuits,neuronal dynamics
Projet ERC : SMIMS (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Proof of concept grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions
Entité participante : University of Oxford — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 142050.0 €

We aim to demonstrate the disruptive commercial and societal potential of interferometric scattering microscopy for mass spectrometry of single biomolecules in solution. The PoC grant will be used to produce a near-market ready prototype and implement the required software modifications expected of a commercial device, to demonstrate that the technology is sufficiently robust to warrant venture capital funding for our spin-out company. Our early discussions with both pharma and instrument manufactueres have highlighted a need for more in-depth application of our technique. The novelty of our approach requires both demonstration and testing on a broad range of potential analytes and environments, which is why we require a portable instrument, that not only enables on-site testing, but also on-site demonstration in a non-university research environment. Similarly, there is a clear and pressing need to produce more intuitive and clearly commercially viable software to unlock the full potential of our technology. Data from these experiments will help define our final product(s) and to translate this research into a viable package for raising venture capital. The development of a novel, broadly accessible technology enables new avenues for screening potential drug candidates that could be used to further our understanding of drug interactions at the molecular level. The economic benefits will, therefore, be realised primarily through the pharmaceutical, healthcare and allied industries as well as the bioanalytical industry, through increased sales of instruments. All will have a considerable impact on the European economy. In addition to drug-discovery-related advances, our technology has the potential to transform cholesterol classification and change current approaches to cancer screening, through its intrinsic single molecule sensitivity.

Mots-clés : single molecule biosensing,label free sensing,protein protein interactions,protein ligand interactions,mass spectrometry
Projet ERC : BIZEB (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions
Entité participante : University of Helsinki — Pays : Finlande — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UH
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 652741.26 €

We aim to understand host cell entry of enveloped viruses at molecular level. A crucial step in this process is when the viral membrane fuses with the cell membrane. Similarly to cell–cell fusion, this step is mediated by fusion proteins (classes I–III). Several medically important viruses, notably dengue and many bunyaviruses, harbour a class II fusion protein. Class II fusion protein structures have been solved in pre- and post-fusion conformation and in some cases different factors promoting fusion have been determined. However, questions about the most important steps of this key process remain unanswered. I will focus on the entry mechanism of bunyaviruses by using cutting-edge, high spatial and temporal resolution bio-imaging techniques. These viruses have been chosen as a model system to maximise the significance of the project: they form an emerging viral threat to humans and animals, no approved vaccines or antivirals exist for human use and they are less studied than other class II fusion protein systems. Cryo-electron microscopy and tomography will be used to solve high-resolution structures (up to ~3 Å) of viruses, in addition to virus–receptor and virus–membrane complexes. Advanced fluorescence microscopy techniques will be used to probe the dynamics of virus entry and fusion in vivo and in vitro. Deciphering key steps in virus entry is expected to contribute to rational vaccine and drug design. During this project I aim to establish a world-class laboratory in structural and cellular biology of emerging viruses. The project greatly benefits from our unique biosafety level 3 laboratory offering advanced bio-imaging techniques. Furthermore it will also pave way for similar projects on other infectious viruses. Finally the novel computational image processing methods developed in this project will be broadly applicable for the analysis of flexible biological structures, which often pose the most challenging yet interesting questions in structural biology.
Projet ERC : UnReal (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Complexity
Entité participante : Bar-Ilan University — Pays : Israël — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : BIU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 235141.25 €

We all rely on our senses to convey veridical information about the world around us, which we call “Reality”. However, distortions of reality in the form of hallucinations or illusions originating from neurological, psychiatric, pharmacological or psychological origins are prevalent. Thus, the sense of reality which is the ability to discriminate between true and false perceptions of the world, is a central criterion for neurological and psychiatric health. Despite the critical role of the sense of reality in our daily life, little is known about how this is formed in the mind and brain. This project proposes novel theoretical and technological frameworks to uncover the phenomenological, computational and neural processes underlying the Sense of Reality (SoR). The proposed experiments employ a specialized virtual reality environment allowing precise and controlled manipulations of visual reality across different domains (AliceVR). Using this VR platform, we will first test the impact of parametrically manipulating visual reality on judgments of reality in order to build a phenomenological and computational model of SoR (WP1). We will then investigate the neural mechanisms underlying SoR by combining our VR paradigm with high resolution fMRI (WP2). Finally, WP3 will investigate conditions of altered SoR, either of psychiatric origin or pharmacological origin. Here, we will empirically test SoR under conditions of altered reality processing in schizophrenia patients with hallucinations and in a pharmacological model through administration of ketamine in healthy participants. This ambitious project will thus reveal how humans discriminate reality at the phenomenological, cognitive and neural levels. The results will have important implications not only in defining a neurocognitive model of reality in healthy and clinical populations, but also shedding new light upon the fundamental philosophical question of “how do we know what is real?”.

Mots-clés : sense of reality,reality monitoring,virtual reality
Projet ERC : ANADEL (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1113988.0 €

We are concerned with localization properties of solutions to hyperbolic PDEs, especially problems with a geometric component: how do boundaries and heterogeneous media influence spreading and concentration of solutions. While our first focus is on wave and Schrödinger equations on manifolds with boundary, strong connections exist with phase space localization for (clusters of) eigenfunctions, which are of independent interest. Motivations come from nonlinear dispersive models (in physically relevant settings), properties of eigenfunctions in quantum chaos (related to both physics of optic fiber design as well as number theoretic questions), or harmonic analysis on manifolds. Waves propagation in real life physics occur in media which are neither homogeneous or spatially infinity. The birth of radar/sonar technologies (and the raise of computed tomography) greatly motivated numerous developments in microlocal analysis and the linear theory. Only recently toy nonlinear models have been studied on a curved background, sometimes compact or rough. Understanding how to extend such tools, dealing with wave dispersion or focusing, will allow us to significantly progress in our mathematical understanding of physically relevant models. There, boundaries appear naturally and most earlier developments related to propagation of singularities in this context have limited scope with respect to crucial dispersive effects. Despite great progress over the last decade, driven by the study of quasilinear equations, our knowledge is still very limited. Going beyond this recent activity requires new tools whose development is at the heart of this proposal, including good approximate solutions (parametrices) going over arbitrarily large numbers of caustics, sharp pointwise bounds on Green functions, development of efficient wave packets methods, quantitative refinements of propagation of singularities (with direct applications in control theory), only to name a few important ones.

Mots-clés : microlocal analysis,hyperbolic pde,boundary value problems,analysis on manifolds,wave and schrodinger equations,dispersion,strichartz,eigenfunctions,propagation of singularities
Projet ERC : DeepMiR (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : CNRS Innovation — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Organismes privés (hors enseignement)
Financement ERC de l'entité : 12500.0 €

We are designing molecular networks - based on DNA programing- to detect extremely dilute molecular signals and robustly separate them from background noise. This could have relevant applications in the field of molecular diagnostics, in particular in the area of ultra-sensitive testing of nucleic acids from liquid biopsy for example for the detection of circulating microRNA. MicroRNA are difficult targets for standard ultra sensitive techniques such as quantitative PCR, but, because of their presence in the blood stream, they also represent an emerging class of important biomarkers for a wide range of diseases, including cancer. This project will allow us to put together a proof of principle, based of clinically relevant targets and sample, that will clearly demonstrate the benefit of our approach for the molecular diagnostic of microRNA, in terms of sensibility, multiplexing, robustness, modularity and simplicity in sample preparation.

Mots-clés : microrna,cancer diagnostics,molecular programming,liquid biopsy,circulating biomarkers,solid phase dna amplification,multiplexing,bistable systems,ultrasensitive
Projet ERC : DeepMiR (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 137352.0 €

We are designing molecular networks - based on DNA programing- to detect extremely dilute molecular signals and robustly separate them from background noise. This could have relevant applications in the field of molecular diagnostics, in particular in the area of ultra-sensitive testing of nucleic acids from liquid biopsy for example for the detection of circulating microRNA. MicroRNA are difficult targets for standard ultra sensitive techniques such as quantitative PCR, but, because of their presence in the blood stream, they also represent an emerging class of important biomarkers for a wide range of diseases, including cancer. This project will allow us to put together a proof of principle, based of clinically relevant targets and sample, that will clearly demonstrate the benefit of our approach for the molecular diagnostic of microRNA, in terms of sensibility, multiplexing, robustness, modularity and simplicity in sample preparation.

Mots-clés : microrna,cancer diagnostics,molecular programming,liquid biopsy,circulating biomarkers,solid phase dna amplification,multiplexing,bistable systems,ultrasensitive