Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : SUPER-2D (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Condensed matter physics
Entité participante : University of Cologne — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1928750.0 €

The goal of this project is to prepare and functionalize layered materials and then to characterize them in-situ using a novel combination of electrical transport, photoelectron and optical spectroscopy. This approach provides a solution to the intense research efforts in trying to engineer, probe and unravel many-body physics and the superconducting coupling mechanism in layered solids. The materials under investigation are based on the families of graphene, dichalcogenides and iron based superconductors. Chemical functionalization using dopants and strain allows for an unprecedented control over their physical properties. The proposed material systems provide a new arena to explore diverse condensed matter phenomena such as electron correlation, electron-phonon coupling and superconductivity. The groundbreaking aspects of this proposal are as follows: (1) development of a unique setup where electrical transport, angle-resolved photoemission (ARPES) and optical spectroscopy is measured in-situ on the same sample, (2) large-area deterministic layer-by-layer growth by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) and molecular beam epitaxy, (3) the effects of mechanical strain and hence large pseudomagnetic fields on the electronic band structure will be investigated using ARPES, (4) the effects of alkali metal doping on the superconducting transition temperature and the spectral function will be investigated using transport, ARPES and optical spectroscopies shining light onto the superconducting pairing mechanisms in different classes of materials. The proposal's feasibility is firmly grounded on the pioneering work of the PI’s group on superconducting coupling in functionalized graphene and the in-situ ARPES measurements of a CVD grown graphene/BN heterostructure.

Mots-clés : angle resolve photoemission spectroscopy,2d materials,surface science
Projet ERC : NONFLU (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : Spanish National Research Council — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CSIC
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1779369.0 €

The goal of this project is to pursue new methods in the mathematical analysis of non-local and non-linear partial differential equations. For this purpose we present several physical scenarios of interest in the context of incompressible fluids, from a mathematical point of view as well as for its applications: both from the standpoint of global well-posedness, existence and uniqueness of weak solutions and as candidates for blowup. The equations we consider are the incompressible Euler equations, incompressible porous media equation and the generalized Quasi-geostrophic equation. This research will lead to a deeper understanding of the nature of the set of initial data that develops finite time singularities as well as those solutions that exist for all time for incompressible flows.

Mots-clés : global existence,singularities,partial differential equations,incompressible fluids,harmonic analysis
Projet ERC : BIGCODE (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer science and informatics
Entité participante : Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology — Pays : Suisse — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ETH Zurich
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1500000.0 €

The goal of this proposal is to fundamentally change the way we build and reason about software. We aim to develop new kinds of statistical programming systems that provide probabilistically likely solutions to tasks that are difficult or impossible to solve with traditional approaches. These statistical programming systems will be based on probabilistic models of massive codebases (also known as ``Big Code'') built via a combination of advanced programming languages and powerful machine learning and natural language processing techniques. To solve a particular challenge, a statistical programming system will query a probabilistic model, compute the most likely predictions, and present those to the developer. Based on probabilistic models of ``Big Code'', we propose to investigate new statistical techniques in the context of three fundamental research directions: i) statistical program synthesis where we develop techniques that automatically synthesize and predict new programs, ii) statistical prediction of program properties where we develop new techniques that can predict important facts (e.g., types) about programs, and iii) statistical translation of programs where we investigate new techniques for statistical translation of programs (e.g., from one programming language to another, or to a natural language). We believe the research direction outlined in this interdisciplinary proposal opens a new and exciting area of computer science. This area will combine sophisticated statistical learning and advanced programming language techniques for building the next-generation statistical programming systems. We expect the results of this proposal to have an immediate impact upon millions of developers worldwide, triggering a paradigm shift in the way tomorrow's software is built, as well as a long-lasting impact on scientific fields such as machine learning, natural language processing, programming languages and software engineering.

Mots-clés : programming languages,program synthesis,machine learning,natural language processing
Projet ERC : ZF-BrainReg (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Cellular, Developmental and Regenerative Biology
Entité participante : TU Dresden — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TUD
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2500000.0 €

The goal of this research proposal is to unravel the cellular and molecular mechanisms for the ability of the adult zebrafish brain to regenerate itself after a lesion, and to compare these mechanisms in the non-regenerating mammalian brain. The corresponding mechanisms, if reactivated, may rekindle regeneration also in mammalian brains. Specifically, we focus on identifying the endogeneous stem and progenitor cells that contribute to neural regeneration in zebrafish, by genetic lineage tracing experiments under conditions of regeneration. We have begun to identify the genes and mechanisms controlling regeneration ability in these cells by transcriptome analysis of specific cell types isolated by FACS sorting and transcriptome analysis, which has revealed a key positive role for inflammation as a trigger in regeneration. The resulting candidate genes are functionally tested in adult zebrafish brains for their requirement and sufficiency to elicit or contribute to brain regeneration. If confirmed, we will test for the function of such genes and mechanism in mammalian tissue culture models of regeneration, and determine in adult mouse brain in vivo whether they are candidates to be tested in mammalian brain regeneration. Functional knock-out, knock-in and viral expression tests of such genes and mechanisms in vivo in mice will determine their ability to rekindle regeneration in the lesioned mammalian brain. This research proposal will provide fundamental insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling the process of brain regeneration in vertebrates, and will thus suggest avenues for future progenitor cell-based therapies of the injured or diseased human brain.

Mots-clés : regeneration,zebrafish
Projet ERC : SIR (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : Sapienza University of Rome — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2025000.0 €

The goal the PI intends to reach, in cooperation with scholars of the Universities of Roma 'La Sapienza', Pavia, Siena, Bologna, Cassino and others Italian and European Universities, is to create the basis – in texts and in interpretation - for a new approach to the remains of the ancient Roman jurists. What we suggest is an advanced paradigm in considering the most important part of Roman law: the Justinian Digesta, and other juridical Late antique anthologies. A change of perspective of great impact not only for the scholars in Antiquity, but also for a educated audience, interested in law and history. An historiographic model that will overturn current outlooks, making way for a different view, which seems to us of great interest today, both for legal and historical studies. No more the institutes, the norms and the rules of Roman Law –in the misleading form of the Code- but the effective legal thinking of its authors, the ancient iuris prudentes. Our aim is to focus the attention on their thought in the context of the time they belonged to. The achievement of the objective will be carried out through a reconstruction, and annotated edition, in several volumes, of the writings of jurists handed down in the Digesta and in other anthologies: an undertaking that has never been attempted. We will proceed by author and by work. A collection, entitled Scriptores iuris Romani (also available in e-book format) will gather the annotated editions. Each volume will consist of four parts (Introduction dedicated to the jurist considered and to his reconstructed work(s); Latin text (or Greek); Italian translation; commentary). The edition will be progressive and cover the entire period of the project.With regard to the choice of jurists to be edited, we will proceed by dealing with multiple authors and types of texts. About ten volumes are already anticipated. Another objective will be the creation of a website in which the texts will be published: thus for the first time, there will be a database on Roman legal thought.

Mots-clés : history of roman legal science,roman law,history of ancient ideas
Projet ERC : AGNES (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : University of Jyväskylä — Pays : Finlande — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2044364.0 €

The goals are 1. To develop a scale assessing the diversity of active ageing with four dimensions that are ability (what people can do), activity (what people do do), ambition (what are the valued activities that people want to do), and autonomy (how satisfied people are with the opportunity to do valued activities); 2. To examine health and physical and psychological functioning as the determinants and social and build environment, resilience and personal skills as modifiers of active ageing; 3. To develop a multicomponent sustainable intervention aiming to promote active ageing (methods: counselling, information technology, help from volunteers); 4. To test the feasibility and effectiveness on the intervention; and 5. To study cohort effects on the phenotypes on the pathway to active ageing. “If You Can Measure It, You Can Change It.” Active ageing assessment needs conceptual progress, which I propose to do. A quantifiable scale will be developed that captures the diversity of active ageing stemming from the WHO definition of active ageing as the process of optimizing opportunities for health and participation in the society for all people in line with their needs, goals and capacities as they age. I will collect cross-sectional data (N=1000, ages 75, 80 and 85 years) and model the pathway to active ageing with state-of-the art statistical methods. By doing this I will create novel knowledge on preconditions for active ageing. The collected cohort data will be compared to a pre-existing cohort data that was collected 25 years ago to obtain knowledge about changes over time in functioning of older people. A randomized controlled trial (N=200) will be conducted to assess the effectiveness of the envisioned intervention promoting active ageing through participation. The project will regenerate ageing research by launching a novel scale, by training young scientists, by creating new concepts and theory development and by producing evidence for active ageing promotion
Projet ERC : M4D (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : Technical University of Denmark — Pays : Danemark — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : DTU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2496519.0 €

The goals are: 1) to develop a universal laboratory-based 4D X-ray microscope with potentials in the broad field of materials science and beyond; 2) to advance metal research by quantifying local microstructural variations using the new 4D tool and by including the effects hereof in the understanding and modelling of industrially relevant metals. Today, high resolution 4D (x,y,z,time) crystallographic characterization of materials is possible only at large international facilities. This is a serious limitation preventing the common use. The new technique will allow such 4D characterization to be carried out at home laboratories, thereby wide spreading this powerful tool. Whereas current metal research mainly focuses on average properties, local microstructural variations are present in all metals on several length scales, and are often of critical importance for the properties and performance of the metal. In this project, the new technique will be the cornerstone in studies of such variations in three types of metallic materials: 3D printed, multilayered and micrometre-scale metals. Effects of local variations on the subsequent microstructural evolution will be followed during deformation and annealing, i.e. during processes typical for manufacturing, and occurring during in-service operation. Current models largely ignore the presence of local microstructural variations and lack predictive power. Based on the new experimental data, three models operating on different length scales will be improved and combined, namely crystal plasticity finite element, phase field and molecular dynamics models. The main novelty here relates to the full 4D validation of the models, which has not been possible hitherto because of lack of sufficient experimental data. The resulting fundamental understanding of the inherent microstructural variations and the new models are foreseen to be an integral part of the future design of metallic materials for high performance applications.

Mots-clés : laboratory x ray microscope,local microstructural variations,3d printed metals,multilayered metals,micrometre scale metals,cpfem,md modelling,multiscale modelling
Projet ERC : HEIST (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Physical and analytical chemical sciences
Entité participante : Technical University of Denmark — Pays : Danemark — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : DTU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1497550.0 €

The great challenge for humankind is to mitigate climate changes by replacing fossil fuels with renewables. We will have to store excess energy produced by solar and wind power for usage in dark and calm weather. Excess energy can be stored electrochemically by high-temperature electrolysis cells as they have the potential to store vast amounts of electrical energy by conversion to chemical fuels. Solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) technology is well known and proven, but not price competitive with storage of fossil fuels. To drive the SOEC research towards a breakthrough, it is critical to determine relations between electrochemical activity and structure/composition in the cells. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a very powerful method for determining the contribution from processes in the cell to the overall activity. EIS cannot show structure/composition which is offered by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Conventional TEM, however, does not offer insight into active cells, but only post mortem analysis. High-temperature electrochemical TEM is extremely challenging because this requires a) that hard and brittle ceramic cells are thinned to electron transparency (ca. 100 nm), b) that the cells are carefully designed to allow for characterization of the layer interfaces, and c) that the cells are characterized during exposure of i) reactive gasses, ii) electrical potentials and iii) temperatures up to ca. 800 °C. The aim of HEIST is to cover step a) to c), i.e. to transform TEM into an electrochemical lab for high-temperature electrochemical experiments including EIS. HEIST will give us “live” images of nanostructures and composition during operation of the electrochemical cells and thus disclose structure-activity relations. This is important, because the structures of nanomaterials will transform depending on the electrochemical environment, and post mortem analysis does not offer a correct representation of the active nanostructures.

Mots-clés : solid oxide electrolysis cell,in situ transmission electron microscopy,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
Projet ERC : GLOBALFIRMS (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : University of London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : U. London
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1462304.0 €

The growing fragmentation of production across firms and countries has revolutionized international trade in recent decades. Firms today choose which production stages to conduct themselves and which to outsource to other parties, which to complete at home and which to offshore abroad. Known as global value chains (GVCs), this phenomenon creates new challenges and opportunities for individual firms and aggregate economies. Of primary policy interest are the implications of GVCs for growth, the transmission of shocks across firms and borders, and the design of economic policies. Yet academic research has faced two major challenges: poor measurement and poorly understood mechanisms. I propose an ambitious research program that will use exceptional new data and novel GVC measures for path-breaking GVC analysis. First, I will exploit unique panel data on firm production, management practices, export and import transactions for the world’s two largest export economies, China and the US; and unique panel data on firm production, export and import transactions, and the network of domestic firm-to-firm transactions for one of the most open economies, Belgium. Second, I will develop measures that comprehensively characterize three dimensions of firms’ GVC activity: value added (total/domestic/foreign), production line position (upstreamness), and network position (centrality). Third, I will empirically and theoretically examine the impact of GVCs on firm growth, shock transmission, and export-finance policy through six synergistic projects. Each project will make a distinct contribution by investigating new economic mechanisms, establishing new empirical facts, and combining theory and data for informative welfare calculations. The novelty of the data and the complex mechanisms driving GVCs make this research program highly ambitious. At the same time, the importance of understanding GVCs for economic policy and academic research make this agenda extraordinarily high-return.

Mots-clés : firms,global value chains,production networks
Projet ERC : MANANDNATURE (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : University of London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : U. London
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1932655.01 €

The growth required to lift a billion people out of extreme poverty will require large increases in natural resource extraction and energy consumption. The negative externalities this growth creates – through degradation of forests and oceans, pollution and climate change – will affect us all. This is a proposal to create a new body of research on natural resource management and energy use in developing countries. It is distinctive for four reasons. First, it brings novel, applied micro techniques from development economics to the study of environmental and energy economics. Second, it harnesses new data collection technologies using satellites and randomized control trials. Third, we pioneer the use of political economy approaches to understand the gap between de jure and de facto policies. Finally, we innovate on policy design by embedding researchers with policy partners to co-generate research and ensure that findings scale directly into policies. On natural resources, we propose three projects which use newly-available satellite data. The first examines regression discontinuities along the Brazilian border to understand why deforestation has slowed in the Brazilian Amazon but not in neighbouring countries. The second employs structural modeling to look at how economic and political factors influence the ignition and spread of forest fires in Indonesia. The third looks at whether regulating access to parts of the ocean can enhance its productivity and ability to absorb carbon. On energy, we propose three collaborative projects which employ randomized trials to look at how to improve access to energy. The first examines how to get consumers to pay for the electricity they use in contexts where theft, non-payment and mispricing of electricity are rife. The second estimates a demand curve for solar electricity to understand how solar may contribute to meeting rising energy demand. The third looks at impacts of grid expansion in a largely un-electrified country.