Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : SACCRED (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Universe sciences
Entité participante : Hungarian Academy of Sciences — Pays : Hongrie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : MTA
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1370200.0 €

In this ERC Starting Grant, I propose an ambitious research program to target important challenges in predicting realistic initial conditions for the planet formation process. I will perform a large systematic study of the accretion-driven eruptions of newborn stars, and evaluate their influence on the structure, composition, and chemistry of the terrestrial planet forming zone in the circumstellar disk. The research will focus on three main questions: - How does the mass accretion proceed in realistic, structured, non-axisymmetric disks? - What physical mechanisms explain the accretion-driven eruptions? - What is the effect of the eruptions on the disk? My new research group will study young eruptive stars, pre-main sequence objects prone to episodes of extremely powerful accretion-driven outbursts, and combine new observations, state-of-the-art numerical modelling, and information from the literature. With a novel concept, we will first model the time-dependence of mass accretion in circumstellar disks, taking into account the latest observational results on inhomogeneous disk structure, and determine what fraction of young stellar objects is susceptible to high mass accretion peaks. Next, we will revise the paradigm of the eruptive phenomenon, compelled by recently discovered young eruptive stars whose outbursts are inconsistent with current outburst theories. Finally, we will determine the impact of accretion-driven eruptions on the disk, by considering the increased external irradiation, internal accretion heating, and stellar winds. With my experience and track record, I am in a position to comprehensively synthesize existing and newly acquired information to reach the proposed goals. The expected outcome of the ERC project is a conclusive demonstration of the ubiquity and profound impact of episodic accretion on disk structure, providing the initial physical conditions for disk evolution and planet formation models.

Mots-clés : circumstellar matter,mass accretion,protoplanetary disks
Projet ERC : TransFlexBattery (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : Aalto University — Pays : Finlande — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 150000.0 €

In this Proof-of-Concept project we will demonstrate the practical feasibility of a fundamentally novel transparent and flexible Li-organic thin-film microbattery. The strong basis for the project is the new hybrid Li-organic electrode materials discovered in the PI's ERC Advanced Grant Project “Molecular-Layer-Engineered Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Materials (LAYERENG-HYBMAT)”. These hybrid thin-film materials are fabricated by the combined atomic/molecular layer deposition (ALD/MLD) technique which uniquely allows for fabrication of highly conformal thin-film coatings on various flexible, sensitive, functional and/or nanostructured surfaces. Within this PoC project we will (1) design and construct an actual optimized all-ALD/MLD Li-organic battery cell, (2) confirm its optical transparency and mechanical flexibility as expected, (3) identify the most potential applications for this new type of 3D thin-film microbattery, (4) assess its real-life business opportunities, and (5) build up a network of academic and industrial collaborators for the further advancement of the novel technology.

Mots-clés : lithium ion battery,solid state thin film microbattery,flexible and transparent organic battery,inorganic organic hybrid materials,atemic layer deposition,molecular layer deposition
Projet ERC : DYNNET (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : University of Essex — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 830623.0 €

In this project I propose to study opinion dynamics in social networks and groups. In particular, I will ask how opinion dynamics contribute to shape social identity and how, conversely, social identity affects communication. I also ask whether and when social identity is a barrier to communication, when “opinion bubbles” are created and when and how “fake news” can spread. The types of social identity I consider include social class, ethnicity and gender. The project consists of four subprojects. The first subproject [A] focuses on communication between social classes and inequality. The subproject asks how opinion dynamics contribute to diverging experiences, core behaviours and values that go much beyond income inequality. I will first document this divergence by conducting experiments in a representative sample of the UK population via the UK Household panel and then conduct lab experiments to study opinion dynamics and the conditions under which “opinion bubbles” arise in more detail. Subproject [B] focuses on gender bias in committees. A large body of empirical evidence has documented gender biases in decisions, such as hiring, promotion, or performance evaluations. Many of these decisions involve communication and deliberation among committee members. Nevertheless the role of opinion dynamics in committees in creating or amplifying gender bias has not been explored. Subproject [B] aims to fill this gap. Subproject [C] will focus on how perceived uncertainty contributes to the spread of discriminatory attitudes with a particular focus on ethnic discrimination. Subproject [C] will be conducted both using a representative sample of the UK population via the Innovation Panel of Understanding Society, the UK Household panel as well as lab experiments. The last subproject [D] will use lab experiments to study under which conditions opinion dynamics can become vulnerable to “fake news”.
Projet ERC : TRAPLAB (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental constituents of matter
Entité participante : Hebrew University of Jerusalem — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : HUJI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1297812.99 €

In this project I will measure a critical constant (beta-nu correlation) of the standard model to a precision of at least 0.1%, an order of magnitude improvement over the state of the art. The project will provide a platform for beyond standard-model (BSM) explorations, based on modern atom/ion trapping and a new accelerator facility. High precision measurements of beta decay correlations in trapped radioactive atoms and ions are one of the most precise tools with which to search for BSM physics. The recently published US National Science Advisory Council 2015 Long Range Plan states: ``Measurements of the decays of neutrons and nuclei provide the most precise and sensitive characterization of the charge-changing weak force of quarks and are a very sensitive probe of yet undiscovered new forces. In fact, weak decay measurements with an accuracy of 0.1% or better provide a unique probe of new physics at the TeV energy scale``. Ne and He isotopes are particularly attractive due to calculable SM values, high sensitivity to several manifestations of BSM physics, ease of production, and lifetimes in the useful range for such experiments. This program combines a Magneto-Optical Trap (MOT) and an Electrostatic Ion Beam Trap (EIBT) to perform a high-precision, competitive, measurement of correlations in the decay of such nuclei. The MOT program focuses on the neon isotopes, where existing measurements are of insufficient quality, and have unique sensitivities to aspects of BSM physics. The EIBT program focuses on measurements using 6He (where a comparison with existing measurements is of great import) and the aforementioned neon isotopes, allowing a direct comparison between the two systems within the same facility (a unique worldwide capability). The combination of these methods will allow an extraction of the beta-nu coefficient to the 0.1% level, making this proposal a forerunner in the field, which will provide a leap-step in the current set of world data.

Mots-clés : beta decay,beyond standard model
Projet ERC : Interfaces (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer science and informatics
Entité participante : University of London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : U. London
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1876808.0 €

In this project we will leverage developments in acoustic meta-materials to build interactive systems that manipulate sound to create experiences with the same ease and fidelity as we are so accustomed to doing with light. This involves designing and evaluating new acoustic meta-materials AND building interactive systems that create novel interaction experiences that were hitherto impossible to achieve. We will use acoustic metamaterials technology to build a Spatial Sound Modulator (SSM) that aims to be a software controlled device that transforms an input acoustic wave into a time-variable, user-defined acoustic field. SSM comprises of a surface made of electronically adjustable acoustic metamaterial bricks. Each brick in the surface can individually vary the phase of an incident acoustic field, to shape the complex output field. Our objectives are: 1. Design, implement and evaluate dynamically reconfigurable metamaterial unit-cells and surfaces using transmissive modes of operation. We will explore narrow-band devices for air-borne operation at low ultrasonic frequencies (e.g. 40 kHz). 2. Design SSMs from a spatial distribution of metamaterial unit cells. Specifically, we will identify discretization strategies, digital control mechanisms and develop concepts that are efficient and reduce field reconstruction errors while at the same time constructing the SSM from a small set of reconfigurable metamaterial unit-cells. 3. Create multiple application-specific prototypes of the SUM and identify context specific design constraints and trade-offs.

Mots-clés : user interfaces,ultrasound,phased array system,metamaterials
Projet ERC : ECOSOCPOL (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : Stockholm University — Pays : Suède — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1104812.0 €

In this project, I will study how individual and social motives interact to drive individual decisions, a question that has fallen between the cracks of different social-science approaches. I will use a common theoretical framework to approach an important, but badly understood, general question: do social motives reinforce or weaken the effect of changes in individual motives? By modifying this common framework to different applications, I will consider its predictions empirically in different large data sets with individual-level information. The planned applications include four subprojects in the social, political, and economic spheres: (i) decisions in China on the ethnicity of children in interethnic marriages and matching into such marriages, (ii) decisions on tax evasion in the U.K. and Sweden, (iii) decisions to give political campaign contributions in the U.S., and (iv) decisions about fertility in Sweden. I may also spell out the common lessons from the results on the interaction between individual and social motives in monograph format intended for a broader audience.
Projet ERC : IPFLOW (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1133236.0 €

In this project, we propose to study mixing and rigidity properties of a large class of flows in geometry and dynamical systems using novel microlocal and spectral methods. Such methods, recently developed for flows with hyperbolicity, are based on the construction of new functional spaces, adapted to the considered flow, on which the generating vector field is Fredholm with discrete spectrum, known as the resonance spectrum. We want to apply these tools to the following categories of long-standing problems: 1) Geometric inverse problems: boundary and lens rigidity problems, analysis of the X-ray transforms for geodesic flows and its applications to Calderon and Gelfand inverse problems. 2) Rigidity for Anosov flows: determination of the minimal regularity of the stable/unstable foliations providing rigidity, rigidity questions for regular conjugacies of flows. 3) Rate of mixing for flows of hyperbolic type: decay of correlations of Axiom A flows, Anosov flows, and their compact Lie groups extensions, frame flows of negatively curved manifolds. 4) Resonances for locally symmetric spaces: relation between resonances of the flow and the spectrum of Laplacians on bundles. To address these problems, we will develop a thorough analysis for the regularity and the long time properties of solutions to transport equations. We are convinced that the proposed approach will provide solutions to these problems, which have been out of reach for a long time.

Mots-clés : inverse problems,geodesic flows,hyperbolic dynamic
Projet ERC : HOTSKIN (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Proof of concept grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : Karolinska Institutet — Pays : Suède — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : KI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 100000.0 €

In this proof of concept project, we will assess the technical and commercial feasibility of a hybrid microneedle patch for the treatment of nosocomial skin infections caused by drug resistant bacteria. Not only does this device permeate difficult-to-penetrate skin layers to deliver antibiotics locally, it also weakens bacterial defences by raising local temperature to enhance drug effectiveness. In this manner, the need for high dosage systemic drug administration is avoided – reducing occurrence of associated side-effects and perpetuation of antimicrobial resistance. It holds the potential not only to revitalise antibacterials for topical, local treatment of skin infections, but to improve dermatological drug delivery as a platform device. In this project, we will validate the device’s fabrication process for additional commercial scalability and functionality with nanocarrier-drug complexes (for enhanced effectiveness of drug delivery to target site), develop a robust IP strategy and secure initial patents, and conduct extensive market analyses and competitor landscaping. Finally, we will formulate a strong business case, and depending on the results of these activities, establish a company.

Mots-clés : nanoparticles,process engineering,photothermal,skin treatment
Projet ERC : HOTSKIN (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Proof of concept grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : Karolinska Institutet — Pays : Suède — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : KI
Type d'entité : Organismes privés (hors enseignement)
Financement ERC de l'entité : 50000.0 €

In this proof of concept project, we will assess the technical and commercial feasibility of a hybrid microneedle patch for the treatment of nosocomial skin infections caused by drug resistant bacteria. Not only does this device permeate difficult-to-penetrate skin layers to deliver antibiotics locally, it also weakens bacterial defences by raising local temperature to enhance drug effectiveness. In this manner, the need for high dosage systemic drug administration is avoided – reducing occurrence of associated side-effects and perpetuation of antimicrobial resistance. It holds the potential not only to revitalise antibacterials for topical, local treatment of skin infections, but to improve dermatological drug delivery as a platform device. In this project, we will validate the device’s fabrication process for additional commercial scalability and functionality with nanocarrier-drug complexes (for enhanced effectiveness of drug delivery to target site), develop a robust IP strategy and secure initial patents, and conduct extensive market analyses and competitor landscaping. Finally, we will formulate a strong business case, and depending on the results of these activities, establish a company.

Mots-clés : nanoparticles,process engineering,photothermal,skin treatment
Projet ERC : PHOTOMECH (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : University of Erlangen-Nuremberg — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : FAU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1996631.0 €

In this proposal a research program is envisioned to make a true leap in the creation of light-responsive intelligent matter. It targets the current frontiers and limits of photoswitching, molecular machines, chemical synthesis, and precision engineering of multi-responsive materials and will have profound impacts in - and beyond these fields. It encompasses the creation of novel visible-light responsive photoswitches with general applicability across the natural sciences and the elucidation of a plethora of hitherto unknown photoreactions in the first stage. Exploring the class of indigoid chromophores simple and compact molecular units will be developed offering hitherto unachievable control over molecular states and motions within a single such entity. Building on these findings molecular precision engineering of functional multi-state and multi-responsive materials will be explored in the second stage. Applications for molecular information processing, advanced surface patterning, or programmable adaptive behaviour will be used to demonstrate the unique advantages of this molecular approach for creation of next-level smart materials. In the last two parts of the proposal unprecedented molecular machines and a completely new type of chemical synthesis will be developed, which is termed “mechanical molecular construction”. The latter is exploiting the unique properties of molecular motors and can be regarded as first step into the uncharted territory of “molecular weaving”. This will open up an entire realm of untapped chemical and material structures for future explorations. Knowledge and methods created in these projects will be of utmost importance for any scientist – academic or industrial – concerned with applying light as central means for manipulating matter at smallest scales with highest spatio-temporal control - and thus for a large part of the present natural science community.

Mots-clés : molecular machine,photochemistry,molecular device,molecular logic,molecular information processing,photoswitch,supramolecular chemistry,excited state,molecular material,chromophore
Projet ERC : WhoP (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : University of Oslo — Pays : Norvège — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UiO
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499819.0 €

In various parts of East Asia, aquatic mammals are associated with divine power, and serve as objects of devotion. In south and central Vietnam, cetaceans are worshipped as life-saving deities. In some Japanese coastal areas, the spirits of whales are venerated during ritual ceremonies. In China, Cambodia and the Ryukyu Islands, aquatic mammals have all been associated with water deities. These animals continue to carry significant symbolic capital today – if no longer as gods, at least as local “heritage” and symbols of nature conservation, acquiring new meanings in the context of secularisation, (forced) displacement, and environmental degradation. Whales of Power is concerned with the comparative study of human-cetacean relations in maritime East Asia, as expressed in popular worship practices and beliefs. We will examine several of these traditions in different parts of the region, through a combination of historical and ethnographic research. Our main hypothesis is that changes in local worship traditions reflect changes in human-nature relations, which are caused by wider social, economic and environmental developments. Thus, marine mammals and associated worship practices serve as a prism, through which we approach human responses to socio-economic and environmental change in Asian coastal communities. The innovative character of Whales of Power lies in the ways in which it combines state-of-the-art theoretical approaches from different disciplinary backgrounds in order to reach new understandings of the ways in which human-nature-god relations reflect social and environmental changes. It has three important theoretical objectives: 1) apply recent theoretical developments associated with “environmental humanities” to the comparative study of popular religion; 2) reconsider the role of local worship traditions in the Asian Secular Age, examining the new meanings attributed to ritual practices; and 3) establish a new comparative paradigm in Asian studies.

Mots-clés : environmental humanities,comparative asian studies,multispecies ethnography