Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : MIGMOBS (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Soci al World and Its Interactions
Entité participante : University College Cork — Pays : Irlande — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1407368.0 €

MIGMOBS investigates how borders and hierarchies are maintained between “the West and the Rest”, even as those who are internationally mobile sometimes succeed in challenging the “birthright lottery” - i.e. that citizenship at birth most determines someone’s chances in life. It asks: How does changing categorisation of subordinate populations worldwide in terms of “migration”, “free movement”, and “minorities” relate to these in- and between- country inequalities? It echoes critical migration, mobilities and borders scholars who argue that late capitalism in liberal democracies continues to advance through an ever more sophisticated differentiation and management of population – at the border as well as internal to states. Such work, though, has not adequately examined variation regionally, or across historical shifts in political economy: from post-war liberalism, through neoliberalism, to the era of COVID and beyond. MIGMOBS thus explores in unprecedented empirical breadth and detail how states reproduce sovereign power in an otherwise porous world: selecting and extracting wanted or recognised movers as “immigrants”, brutally excluding many other “migrants”, while simultaneously rendering fluid and untroubling a vast range of banal “mobilities” such as tourism and business travel. Mapping physical, virtual and non-human mobilities, the project details demographic and social connections over time between 21 states. This quantitative comparative historical work underpins co-productive ethnographic case studies rethinking a range of archetypal “migration systems” in and from Europe, Africa, Asia and South America. These investigate how subordinate populations resist the categories, statuses and borders imposed upon them. With the pandemic’s impact on border crossings and transactions, new modes of classification and accreditation suggest an increasingly precise biometric control of movement and behaviour: a new phase of late capitalism I call “viral liberalism”.

Mots-clés : migration,mobilities,global inequality,inequalities,development,borders,diversity,liberalism,racism,globalisation,governmentality,transnationalism,decolonial thought,political demography,mixed methods
Projet ERC : QuantumEngine (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental Constituents of Matter
Entité participante : Université de Technologie de Kaiserslautern — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TUK
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2499970.0 €

Engines are ubiquitous: Heat engines have been and still are the driving force of modern life since the industrial revolution, and molecular motors power life on earth with astonishing efficiency. Current technological miniaturization is pushing engine design into areas where quantum properties need to be considered, which can drastically change the performance of engine-like processes. While initial mechanisms for motor operation have been demonstrated, the operation of autonomous quantum engines or extracting work from such a motor is elusive. QuantumEngine will combine novel concepts and innovative methods of ultracold atoms to develop autonomous quantum engines in the single-atom and many-body limits that provide cyclic motion or work. First, it will engineer energy conversion in such quantum systems at the level of single atoms and single energy quanta to increase efficiency and open the door to activate quantum matter. Second, it will unravel the effects of quantum properties on the operation of motors, including the long-standing question of quantum Brownian motion. Third, autonomous quantum engines in the single-atom and many-body regimes will be realized and characterized as novel leading-edge platforms for experimental quantum thermodynamics, shedding light on nonequilibrium hybrid many-body states of matter, light, and mechanics. Thus, the project will open up a unique opportunity to experimentally investigate fundamental and applied questions of quantum thermodynamics, such as efficiency and sustainability issues at the quantum level, with high relevance for emerging quantum technologies. Furthermore, it will enormously impact frontier areas of solid-state simulations, quantum physics, and active matter, potentially establishing new research fields.

Mots-clés : quantum engines,quantum thermodynamics,quantum technologies,many body quantum systems,quantum gases,single neutral atoms
Projet ERC : RayleighSprays (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and Processes Engineering
Entité participante : Université d'Amsterdam — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UvA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2500000.0 €

Sprays have a wide range of applications, from cleaning to agriculture to medical treatments. Spray technologies are key to many industrial processes, yet many current spray technologies suffer from insufficient control over the resulting spray parameters, such as the droplet size distribution, even though the drop size critically determines whether a spray reaches its target or not in applications such as pharmaceutical drug inhalation and agricultural spraying. As trial-and-error spray development methods are reaching their limits, we need a new breakthrough to enable perfectly monodisperse sprays. I have previously shown that insights into the physics of sprays can lead to improved spraying and deposition methods. For agricultural sprays I achieved the first detailed understanding of the strongly non-equilibrium processes that underlie spray formation, allowing for a quantitative description of the drop size distribution in these sprays. These insights pave the way to improving our understanding of sprays in general and translating it into a new generation of spray nozzles that produce highly controlled droplet size distributions as urgently needed by a range of applications. The scientific challenge is to identify the complex nonequilibrium physics underlying liquid breakup and use these insights to devise entirely novel ways of controlling instabilities to achieve perfectly monodisperse sprays. We will combine breakthroughs in hydrodynamics to ‘tame’ the instabilities responsible for spray formation, using selective excitation of instability modes combined with novel nanofabrication methods for spray nozzles. In addition, we will study drop coalescence and droplet trajectories in air. We will elucidate spray mechanisms allowing for monodisperse sprays, and explore the role of liquid composition in complex sprays. These fundamental breakthroughs will be tested in precision medicine and agriculture, two of the most important fields of spray use.

Mots-clés : spray,drop formation,instability,singularities
Projet ERC : COLFIN (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Université d'Amsterdam — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UvA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2500000.0 €

COLFIN develops a new approach to understanding and responding to the colonial durabilities in modern financial infrastructures. The starting point is that the relation between finance and colonialism is infrastructural, not purely related to individual families or companies. Financial innovation co-evolved with colonial expansion and vice versa. The longer time horizons, transnational payments and novel uncertainties of colonial expansion are at the heart of modern financial innovation. Academic literatures acknowledge this but largely write colonial violence out of the history of finance. The aim of COLFIN is to understand and analyse how the experimental beginnings and development of financial instruments were shaped by and through colonial exploitation and appropriation. The novel approach is to focus on financial infrastructures, understood as socio-technical and historically durable ways of organizing political-economic life. The key question of COLFIN is: How are modern financial infrastructures, including credit, currency and collateral, shaped by and through colonial practices of exploitation and appropriation? COLFIN focuses on four infrastructural elements: (1) material technologies; (2) circulation; (3) adverse inclusion; (4) practices of temporality. COLFIN breaks new ground because (1) it offers systemic analysis of a largely neglected part of the history of political economy and finance; (2) it shows how present financial infrastructures indirectly entail refashioned colonial practices and routes. It is urgent because it reconnects the account of financial innovation to the history of colonial exploitation, to generate new avenues of accountability in the present. It is feasible because of the availability of newly digitized archives of early modern public-private colonial companies including the Dutch and British East India Companies. COLFIN develops new methodological approaches to digitized colonial archives, while being attentive to their silences

Mots-clés : financial infrastructure,postcolonialism,colonial durability,postcolonial international political economy,politics of finance,infrastructure studies,international political sociology,racialized political economy
Projet ERC : ViBRANT-SEA (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth System Science
Entité participante : Université d'Amsterdam — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UvA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 304281.0 €

Plastic Marine Debris (PMD) is now considered a planetary boundary threat and the “Plastic Cycle” a biogeochemical cycle. The impacts of single-use plastic litter in marine environments have prompted a search for greener alternatives such as the biodegradable/compostable plastics polyhydroxyalkanoates and polylactic acid already being used for consumer goods. The diversity of microbes, their enzymes, and their role in influencing the rates of plastic biodegradation in nature remains poorly characterized – particularly in cold or low-oxygen marine waters and seafloor, where most PMD accumulates. The impact of lag duration, pH, hydrostatic pressure, and potential priority effects of initial microbial colonizers remain vital but unaddressed concerns. In addition, the impact of plastic, its breakdown products, and additives on marine organisms and ecosystems is largely unquantified. Two urgent questions are how long does plastic last in the marine environment and what are the impacts on ecosystems. This technology-enabled project aims to quantify biodegradation rates of biodegradable plastics and plastic-associated additives in the field and under controlled laboratory conditions, and to develop a fish model system for toxicity tests to fill these knowledge gaps. This project will generate novel microbial metagenomes from global plastic samples collected during cruises and from biodegradation experiments to create a comprehensive list of genes and enzymes linked to biodegradation of biodegradable plastic in marine environments. It will be the first to combine in situ respirometry, stable isotope probing, and advanced imaging techniques to measure biodegradable plastic biodegradation rates while visualizing microbe-microbe interactions on the plastic surface, revealing cellular mechanisms occurring during active biodegradation. Finally, it will develop the first marine fish organoid model for consistent and efficient testing of toxicity due to plastics and additives.

Mots-clés : biodegradation,plastic pollution,microbial ecology,genomics,ecotoxicology,organoids
Projet ERC : GOOD INTENSIONS (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Texts and Concepts
Entité participante : Université d'Amsterdam — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UvA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2499832.0 €

Intensional notions such as those of property, content, proof, possibility and necessity are central to philosophy, logic, mathematics and linguistics. However, these notions are threatened by paradoxes reminiscent of those that plagued the foundations of mathematics at the beginning of the XX century. And while a consensus has emerged over which shape a foundation of mathematics should take, the intensional paradoxes are still awaiting solution. Indeed, the intensional paradoxes affect the major theories of content that in recent years have brought about what has been hailed as a hyperintensional revolution, with many applications in philosophy and linguistics.  The GOOD INTENSIONS project aims to provide new philosophical, semantical and logical foundations for intensional notions, which will deliver a comprehensive and uniform solution to the intensional paradoxes. To achieve this, GOOD INTENSIONS will develop a fundamentally new approach to intensionality based on three ground-breaking ideas: a general, function-first approach to intensional talk, focused on its expressive role; a new, proof-theoretic approach to the semantics of intensional vocabulary; an original approach to the intensional paradoxes based on the use of intensional vocabulary in hypothetical contexts.  The resulting new approach to intensionality will be used to develop new theories and logics of properties, content, proof and modality which are philosophically and linguistically motivated, paradox-free and logically strong. As a proof of concept for the new approach to intensionality, the new theories and logics will be applied to central philosophical questions, such as the question of whether the mind is a machine and the question of realism about properties. Based at the ILLC and advised by an international board of researchers, GOOD INTENSIONS will use an interdisciplinary methodology to revolutionize the study of intensionality.

Mots-clés : intensionality,expressive function,modality,property,proposition,provability
Projet ERC : VCOMP (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Université d'Amsterdam — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UvA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 119250.0 €

The distinct advantages of enhancing the public’s voluntary compliance (VC) with regulations has made it an advantageous form of governance. However, its use is limited by the extent to which governments and regulators can trust the public without jeopardizing regulatory purposes and harming other social values. Identifying and analysing the antecedents of VC across doctrines and countries can enhance our theoretical understanding of the underlying nature of the interaction between countries and their residents, as well as evaluate the relative efficacy of behaviourally based regulatory tools. This project proposes, examines, and develops a new conceptual model and a methodology that will facilitate a systematic comparison of the relative efficacy across different doctrines and nations. This model will take into account national, organizational, situational, and individual factors and will draw on and combine material from the fields of organizational, situational, and individual factors and will draw on and combine material from the fields of Compliance, Regulation, Behavioural Public Policy, Behavioural Ethics, Trust & Social Norms on how to advance public VC. We will empirically explore if and to what extent VC and greater trustworthiness by the public can be achieved across countries (high vs. low trust) using regulatory tools such as nudges, pledges, incentives, sanctions, and morality in the context of the situations of tax, environment, COVID-19 and ethics. The comprehensive picture of VC that will emerge from this project will include not just effect sizes, but also factors such as the proportion of those who comply, the sustainability of compliance, the impact on social norms, and the likelihood of positive externalities (e.g., trust enhancement) following the enactment of a specific regulatory tool. Better insights into VC can help elucidate the descriptive and normative understanding of the nature of the interaction between countries and their residents.

Mots-clés : compliance,regulatory instrument choice,behavioral ethics,legal impact,cross cultural legal analysis
Projet ERC : EcoEvoMove (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Environmental B iology, Ecology  and E volution
Entité participante : Université norvégienne de sciences et de technologie — Pays : Norvège — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1868285.0 €

My overarching ambition in EcoEvoMove is to provide new theoretical and empirical understanding of how ecological and evolutionary dynamics can interact to ‘rescue’ wild populations from impending extinctions caused by changing and increasingly extreme seasonal climatic conditions.  Seasonal climates are rapidly changing, but capabilities to predict real-world population responses are still severely limited. Major problems are that 1) existing eco-evolutionary theory relies on core assumptions that are fundamentally violated by intrinsic properties of key traits that shape seasonal population dynamics, and 2) key micro-evolutionary processes that drive interacting seasonal and spatial dynamics have not yet been quantified in any wild population. We therefore have no capacity to predict how fast climate-impacted animal populations could adapt through changing seasonal movements, profoundly reshaping seasonal locations and wider ecological interactions.  I will provide: 1) new theory that identifies general principles of eco-evolutionary dynamics arising in seasonally- and spatially-varying environments; 2) the first empirical estimates of complex quantitative genetic effects and feedbacks that drive micro-evolution and plasticity in seasonal movements, and resulting spatio-seasonal dynamics, in nature.  By coupling these theoretical and empirical advances I will test the overarching hypothesis that rapid micro-evolution of the degree or form of seasonal movement could facilitate rapid ‘evolutionary rescue’ of wild meta-populations facing changing seasonal climates, preventing system collapse.  I will achieve these advances through new general theoretical models of complex non-linear eco-evolutionary dynamics; new widely-applicable statistical methods for quantitative genetic analyses of spatio-seasonal field data; and ground-breaking application to an unprecedented large-scale multi-generation dataset on a wild bird system exhibiting flexible seasonal migration.

Mots-clés : quantitative genetics movement ecology seasonal migration demography eco evolutionary dynamics
Projet ERC : VCOMP (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : École de commerce de Copenhague — Pays : Danemark — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 119250.0 €

The distinct advantages of enhancing the public’s voluntary compliance (VC) with regulations has made it an advantageous form of governance. However, its use is limited by the extent to which governments and regulators can trust the public without jeopardizing regulatory purposes and harming other social values. Identifying and analysing the antecedents of VC across doctrines and countries can enhance our theoretical understanding of the underlying nature of the interaction between countries and their residents, as well as evaluate the relative efficacy of behaviourally based regulatory tools. This project proposes, examines, and develops a new conceptual model and a methodology that will facilitate a systematic comparison of the relative efficacy across different doctrines and nations. This model will take into account national, organizational, situational, and individual factors and will draw on and combine material from the fields of organizational, situational, and individual factors and will draw on and combine material from the fields of Compliance, Regulation, Behavioural Public Policy, Behavioural Ethics, Trust & Social Norms on how to advance public VC. We will empirically explore if and to what extent VC and greater trustworthiness by the public can be achieved across countries (high vs. low trust) using regulatory tools such as nudges, pledges, incentives, sanctions, and morality in the context of the situations of tax, environment, COVID-19 and ethics. The comprehensive picture of VC that will emerge from this project will include not just effect sizes, but also factors such as the proportion of those who comply, the sustainability of compliance, the impact on social norms, and the likelihood of positive externalities (e.g., trust enhancement) following the enactment of a specific regulatory tool. Better insights into VC can help elucidate the descriptive and normative understanding of the nature of the interaction between countries and their residents.

Mots-clés : compliance,regulatory instrument choice,behavioral ethics,legal impact,cross cultural legal analysis