Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : IATSO (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : University of London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : U. London
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1013571.57 €

There is arguably a lack of research on organizations with social goals in management. For an extreme case, i.e., of poverty, Prahalad (2006) described compelling examples of innovative organizations in South Asia, which he suggested served the poor. However, very little is known about: 1) What factors ‘cause’ social organizations, for instance, in settings of extreme poverty, to grow and scale up ‘successfully,’ and how and why?, and 2) What organizational factors influence ‘social performance’ for target groups, and how and why, and under which conditions (where and when), and for whom? Building on insights from our earlier theoretical and empirical work on networks, leadership, and learning, as well as our extensive pilot studies in India, we will explore how and why social organizations grow and scale up, in relation to social outcomes for relevant target groups, using mixed methods (a qualitative phase followed by a quantitative phase, to first build and then test theory). We propose to study organizations in an extreme setting, where arguably, social problems are worst: of poverty in South Asia, and picked the education sector given its potential importance for enabling people to move out of poverty. We believe that a better understanding of how and why organizations scale up successfully to enable target groups in poverty to be more proactive is also relevant from a practical perspective. It is for instance at the heart of the new Sustainable Development Goals, and it is our hope to make a contribution into this direction.

Mots-clés : social organizations,poverty,education
Projet ERC : MINGRAFT (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : University of Nottingham — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 149796.0 €

There is great need for more effective bone grafts to treat craniomaxillofacial (CMF) complications. Bone grafting, which accounted for 24 million procedures and $3.3 billion in sales worldwide in 2010, is critical to treat CMF complications associated to trauma, tumour removal, or congenital disorders. However, the use of traditional autogenous or allogenic grafts possesses a number of problems. MINGRAFT aims to establish a new scalable bioactive coating for bespoke implants to treat mandibular bone complications. The project will aim to develop a coating that is tuneable, easy to fabricate, versatile, and that can promote the rapid integration of mandibular implants while stimulating bone regeneration.

Mots-clés : biomineralization,bone grafts,tissue engineering,3d printing scaffolds,bioactive coating
Projet ERC : PHYSFISH (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution
Entité participante : University of Glasgow — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499880.0 €

There is increasing evidence that intense commercial fishing pressure is not only depleting fish stocks but also causing evolutionary changes to fish populations with serious consequences for the viability of marine fish communities. Although current research on fisheries-induced evolution (FIE) has focused almost exclusively on the effects of size-selective harvest on reproductive potential of wild populations, there are a range of traits besides body size which could also affect the selectivity of fishing gears but which have not been investigated. For example, overlooked within the context of FIE is the likelihood that, within a given species, variation in physiological traits among individuals – and especially those related to energy balance (e.g. metabolic rate) and swimming performance (e.g. aerobic scope) – could make some fish more catchable or more likely to suffer mortality after discard. Selection on these traits could produce major shifts in the fundamental structure and function of fish in response to fishing pressure that are yet to be considered but which could directly determine population resource requirements, resiliency, geographic distributions, and responses to environmental change. This pioneering project will combine innovative approaches in the laboratory with cutting-edge acoustic tracking technology in the field to address this gap in knowledge with three main goals: (1) to examine whether physiological traits make some individuals more catchable by commercial fishing gears, and whether the environment modulates such effects; (2) to investigate the extent to which physiological traits influence recovery and survival after escape from fishing gear or discard; and (3) to determine whether selection on catchability generates changes in physiological traits that reduce population resiliency or erode the ability to cope with environmental change. Given that several fisheries have not recovered despite lengthy moratoriums, there is a pressing nee

Mots-clés : physiology,ecophysiology,behaviour,fish,evolution,conservation physiology,metabolic rate,aerobic scope
Projet ERC : FIRMNET (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : Uppsala University — Pays : Suède — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 342957.89 €

There is mounting evidence that firms are becoming more fragmented; production is less often made “in-house”. Firms buy inputs from abroad. Tasks are often split in parts. Some are offshored, others are subcontracted. Hence, firms buy services from other, local or international, firms. But they also supply inputs to other firms. Technical change, the internet, and globalization, all facilitate this transformation. In order to better understand how firms thrive in the new global environment, the proposed research aims to construct a networks view of the firm. Fragmentation offers new opportunities: firms may specialize in what they make best, hence creating a business network of customers and suppliers. Networks are also useful to secure provision of fragmented tasks. The firms’ suppliers of goods and services – accountants, logisticians, consultants… -- may well be related to the firm through its workers’ social networks: family ties, boardroom relations… These social networks should be useful when times are tough -- board members could help find financing in banks where their schoolmates have a job – or when times are unusually good -- employees could help in spotting the right hires among their former co-workers. The proposed research will focus on how firms social and business networks help firms to be resilient in the face of shocks. Resilience will be measured using the firms’ and workers’ outcomes – value-added, wages, employment, or occupations. The research will have a theoretical component using general equilibrium models with heterogeneous firms, an empirical component with unique data sources from at least two countries (France, Sweden), and an “econometric theory” component which will seek to develop techniques for the study of many-to-one matches in the presence of networks. The research will speak to the labor economics community but also to the international trade community, the management community, as well as the econometrics community.

Mots-clés : social networks,business networks,firms and workers
Projet ERC : RIFT-O-MAT (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth system science
Entité participante : University of Oxford — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2000000.0 €

There is widespread recognition of the central role of magma at divergent plate boundaries. However in almost all models, magmatism is treated as a by-product and is excluded from the dynamics. A thorough understanding of continental rifts and mid-ocean ridges, which are fundamental to plate tectonics, requires consistent models of magma intrusion into the lithosphere and crust. This is a proposal to develop models in which magmatism is an integral thermal, chemical, and mechanical component, and hence to better understand the basic functioning of plate tectonics. Diverse insight and constraints on divergent boundaries come from decades of careful observation. But lacking adequate models of magmatism, old and new issues remain unresolved. For continents, a comparison of available tectonic force to inherent lithospheric strength indicates that magmatic intrusion is required to weaken plates sufficiently for rifting. For mid-ocean ridges, bathymetric analysis suggests that modest variation in the magma supply may be recorded by crustal emplacement and faulting. These phenomena cannot be understood and modelled in the context of single-phase flow. The proposed work breaks new ground in applying a theory that is innately two-phase; one where interpenetrating liquid and solid continua are governed by conservation of mass, momentum, and energy. This theory will incorporate a viscoelastic-plastic/frictional rheology, modelling rock failure under tensile effective stress. Hence it will allow for dikes that interact consistently with faults. The open-source code will be validated by comparison with measurements of surface deformation/relief, products of seismic tomography, and geochemistry of lavas. In collaboration with distinguished project partners, models will be tailored to investigate the East African Rift System and Juan de Fuca ridge. Outreach will support mathematics in Africa. The proposed research will transform our understanding of magma-assisted tectonics.

Mots-clés : tectonophysics,geodynamics,magmatism,continental rifting,mid ocean ridges
Projet ERC : NanoThermo (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Condensed matter physics
Entité participante : University of Luxembourg — Pays : Luxembourg — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1669028.77 €

Thermodynamics provided mankind with the intellectual tools to master energy transfers and energy conversion in macroscopic systems operating close to equilibrium. It is now one of the most fundamental theories in physics. My goal is to establish a thermodynamic theory describing energy conversion and information processing in small synthetic or biological systems operating far from equilibrium. Significant progress has been achieved in this direction over the last decade. The new theory is called stochastic thermodynamics (ST). It allows us to describe and understand energy conversion in systems as diverse as quantum junctions and molecular motors, and also to predict the energetic cost of information processing operations such as erasing bits of information or feedback controlling a small device. It was validated in single molecule pulling experiments, electronic circuits, NMR and colloidal particles in optical tweezers. Nevertheless, ST still suffers from serious limitations which prevent its application in more complex systems. Therefore, I propose to expand the theoretical foundations of ST far beyond its current realm of validity and to broaden the scope of its applications in various new directions. I want to answer questions such as: Can one design devices made of many small energy converters (e.g. thermoelectric junctions) arranged in such a way as to generate collective behaviors (e.g. synchronization) prompting higher powers and efficiencies? Can one do the same by engineer quantum effects? How can one reduce the dissipation occurring when computing very quickly with small devices? Why are metabolic networks so efficient in converting energy, transmitting information, and preventing errors (e.g. toxic byproducts)? I will do so in close contact with leading experimental groups in the field. My conviction is that ST will become as important for nanotechnologies and molecular biology as thermodynamics has been for the industrial revolution.

Mots-clés : stochastic thermodynamics
Projet ERC : LASFIB (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 147500.0 €

This ERC Proof of Concept (PoC) Grants should maximize the value of the research performed in the funded ERC Coldnano project by establishing viability of the future industrial product, by solving technical issues concerning the laser systems, by clarifying IPR position and strategy and by budgeting commercial discussion between partners. Industrialization of combined FIB and atom manipulation techniques of laser cooling require special knowledge that will be study by the PI with collaboration and subcontracting to private compagny having succeeded to bring at industrial level such laser techniques. At the end of this ERC PoC the goal is to end up with well-defined economical, commercial and exploitation plans and to have solved the main technical problems, to have solutions that should definitively allow us to realize a new FIB machine well optimized for the market.

Mots-clés : cold atoms,focused ion beam,lasers
Projet ERC : TRICI-Law (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : University of Groningen — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : RUG
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1480708.0 €

This ERC proposal revolves around the rules of interpretation of customary international law (CIL). CIL along with treaties are the rules most often used in international law. However, whereas rules of interpretation of treaties have been enshrined in Articles 31-33 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT), the rules of interpretation of CIL have not been the subject of critical study. This gap becomes even more pronounced if we consider that interpretation plays a key role in every judicial case, and that one of the basic markers of effectiveness of any legal system is its predictability. By not knowing the rules that govern the interpretation of CIL, we end up playing a ‘game’ the rules of which are unknown, and by consequence predictability is far from guaranteed. Therefore the aim of this project is to determine the existence and to examine the content of the rules of interpretation of customary international law. It will: 1) prove the theoretical validity of CIL being open to interpretation; 2) induce the rules of interpretation of CIL and their content; 3) track the points of convergence/divergence and reasons thereof amongst rules of interpretation of CIL, treaties and unilateral acts as they evolve through time; and 4) create a set of articles/guidelines on the interpretation of CIL. The results will influence the study and theory of CIL; will lead to a re-conceptualization of the theory of sources of international law; will spark a long overdue debate on the interaction between sources of international law; will further our understanding of the process of interpretation and of the basic precepts of the international legal system; and its findings will become the staple point of reference by any ‘user’ of international law. Its ultimate outcomes will clarify the foundations of the international legal system, reduce normative conflict, and provide greater legal certainty and foreseeability in all international law-related interactions.

Mots-clés : interpretation,customary international law,sources of,international law,theory of international law
Projet ERC : SYNMAT (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : Eindhoven University of Technology — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TU/e
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2499929.0 €

This ERC proposal targets novel synthetic strategies to arrive at functional multi-component systems and materials. They possess architectures of such high complexity that it is hard to imagine access to these systems by self-assembly or self-organization only. We will explore tools required to introduce multi-step non-covalent synthesis. We have taken inspiration from Nature, but more importantly we propose to mimic the impressive progress in the field of covalent organic and polymer synthesis. Three connected approaches are defined: The first section focusses on supramolecular polymers and how their polymerization can be compared to that of traditional covalent polymerization; unprecedented similarities are foreseen. Unexplored areas like controlled co-polymerization and achieving “tacticity” in asymmetrically modified building blocks are proposed, with special attention to kinetics and structure characterization. The second section is aiming at synthesizing a multi-component hydrogel leading to a system that is able to recruit receptors in a dynamic and reversible fashion. This work is proposed to culminate in new insights for preparing an artificial extracellular matrix for stem cell to organoid growth. The latter is proposed using a double supramolecular network. The final section takes inspiration from the recent finding that chirality can control spin-selective chemistry. Novel chiral structures with control over pitch and diameter are proposed by two-step synthetic processes. In a three-step non-covalent synthetic procedure, a space-controlled arrangement of chiral quartets on surfaces is proposed using discrete block co-oligomers. Since molecules only have structures and properties, their functions can only be expressed when they are part of complex molecular systems. Hence, if chemists want to synthesize functions in lifelike materials, they have to introduce new approaches and technologies, a game changer is proposed in this ERC proposal.

Mots-clés : stereochemistry,supramolecular polymers
Projet ERC : ALLOWE (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : Technical University of Munich — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TUM
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1997750.0 €

This ERC-CoG 2020 proposal, ALLOWE outlines a strategy for the development of low-valent aluminium systems through their synthesis, isolation, and reactivity investigation of neutral, ambiphilic, low-valent aluminium compounds, denoted “alumylenes”. Their dimeric form “dialumenes” featuring an aluminium-aluminium double bond will also be within the scope of the project. These low-valent aluminium species are expected to provide, along with greater understanding of the fundamental behaviour of low-valent aluminium, a varied and deep reactivity profile. These highly reactive compounds will offer a cheap, sustainable and non-toxic alternative to the current transition metal-based industrial chemical processes. The proposed scheme of work begins with the synthesis of neutral alumylenes and dialumenes, respectively. This will be achieved through the use of donor ligands (i.e. N-heterocyclic carbenes) and substituents with differing electronic and steric properties. With these compounds in hand, the reactivity towards small molecules will be investigated along with development of low-valent aluminium based catalysts. Furthermore, incorporation of transition metals into these aluminium systems will be targeted as these may possess unique and interesting properties. Established methodologies such as reductive dehalogenation or reductive dehydrohalogenation will provide access to novel low-valent aluminium compounds bearing bulky substituents and donor ligands. The synthetic portion of the work will also be supported by theoretical calculations. The outcome of ALLOWE will provide (i) in-depth insight and understanding into low-valent aluminium’s bonding nature, particularly emphasis laid on ambiphilic aluminium center (ii) plethora of striking reactivity towards transition metal free stoichiometric and catalytic activation of small molecules, and (iii) various potential applications in aluminium-based material chemistry.

Mots-clés : synthetic molecular chemistry,inorganic molecular chemistry,main group chemistry,aluminium,low valent species
Projet ERC : LuMaSense (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : Technion – Israel Institute of Technology — Pays : Israël — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Organismes privés (hors enseignement)
Financement ERC de l'entité : 0.0 €

This PoC is a commercially-oriented spin-off from our “DIAG-CANCER” ERC project, addressing an urgent clinical need in the field of lung cancer (LC). The rationale behind this PoC is that CT-based LC screening programs are emerging in many countries worldwide. However, the high false positive rate of this technique (96% out of the 24% positive CT findings are non-cancerous) has been a major challenge in front those plans. This is because the CT-detected non-cancerous group has undergone unnecessary invasive procedures that are both costly and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. With this PoC project, we aim to increase the specificity of the LDCT based screening program by utilizing an auxiliary noninvasive breath test to distinguish between malignant and non-cancerous CT findings. The proposed breath test relies on a novel stand-alone device that provide an improved combination of speed, sensitivity, portability, low complexity, easy operation and low production cost. In order to transform our idea and current technology into a marketable device we propose taking several steps: (i) optimization of a prototype device and evaluation of its clinical usefulness through clinical studies; (ii) completing the IP portfolio of the device; and (iii) conducting detailed market research to identify the optimal placement in the healthcare market and possible competitors. After completing these stages, to be covered by the present grant, we propose to proceed to the technology transfer to a mature health care company or through complementary fund to advance the technological plans. If successful, the proposed PoC can be translated immediately into a powerful tool for the management of nodule-positive patients. It will both reduce the rate of unnecessary invasive procedures, and on the other hand, will avoid treatment delay when cancer exists. The economic implication of this action is a significant save of ~$12-16 billion for the healthcare system worldwide.