Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : TYPARABIC (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : Institutul de studii sud est europene — Pays : Roumanie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Issee
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2500000.0 €

The main objective of the Project is to examine the circumstances and outcomes of printing in Arabic with Arabic type in the 18th century Greater Syria (modern Syria and Lebanon), for Byzantine-rite and Catholic Arab Christians. It addresses the connections between Eastern Europe and the Arab Christians of the Ottoman Empire and the social progress brought by the print culture. It focuses on the transfer of printing technology from Moldavia and Wallachia (the Romanian Principalities) to the Ottoman provinces, for the benefit of the Arab Christians. It aims to yield a systematic, detailed inventory of the Arabic books printed in 1701-1800 in the Romanian Principalities and Greater Syria. Several other objectives are included: circumstances of the opening of Arabic presses in Ottoman-ruled provinces; the Antiochian Christians’ ties to Moldavia, Wallachia and Ukraine; the Western European printers’ support to Catholic Arabs; the role of printing in preserving Christian traditions and sanctioning the usage of Arabic in the Church; the contribution of printing to the Arab Renaissance (Nahḍa, 1820s). Presses to be surveyed: in Moldavia and Wallachia, Snagov (1701), Bucharest (1702) and Iași (1743-1747); in Greater Syria, Aleppo (1705-1711), Deyr el-Shuweyr (1734-1800) and Beirut (1750-1753). Other presses will be considered: Qozhaya (Lebanon), where a Book of Psalms was printed in 1610 in Syriac and Arabic (with Syriac type); and Istanbul, where a Turkish-language press worked after 1727 with Arabic type. The study corpus encloses forty-five books so far, with possible additions. They will be surveyed in terms of their content (Greek and Syriac sources, Arabic versions and their authors, variations, printing programmes) and their form (formatting, iconography, ornaments, artistic influences). The Project focuses on philological and codicological themes, addressing print culture, Christian Arabic literature and cultural transfers between Eastern Europe and the Arab East.

Mots-clés : printing,arab christians,arabic language,arabic type,eastern europe,greater syria,ottoman empire,18th century
Projet ERC : ModRed (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 172125.0 €

The main theme of this proposal is the Geometric Representation Theory of reductive algebraic groups over algebraically closed fields of positive characteristic. Our primary goal is to obtain character formulas for simple and for indecomposable tilting representations of such groups, by developing a geometric framework for their categories of representations. Obtaining such formulas has been one of the main problems in this area since the 1980's. A program outlined by G. Lusztig in the 1990's has lead to a formula for the characters of simple representations in the case the characteristic of the base field is bigger than an explicit but huge bound. A recent breakthrough due to G. Williamson has shown that this formula cannot hold for smaller characteristics, however. Nothing is known about characters of tilting modules in general (except for a conjectural formula for some characters, due to Andersen). Our main tools include a new perspective on Soergel bimodules offered by the study of parity sheaves (introduced by Juteau-Mautner-Williamson) and a diagrammatic presentation of their category (due to Elias-Williamson).

Mots-clés : reductive algebraic groups,representation theory,perverse sheaves,characters,soergel bimodules,koszul duality
Projet ERC : IMMOCAP (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : Poznań University of Technology — Pays : Pologne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : PUT
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1385000.0 €

The major goal of the project is to develop a novel type of an electrochemical capacitor with high specific power (up to 5 kW/kg) and energy (up to 20 Wh/kg) preserved along at least 50 000 cycles. Thus, completion of the project will result in remarkable enhancement of specific energy, power and life time of modern electrochemical capacitors. Advanced electrochemical testing (galvanostatic cycling with constant power loads, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, accelerated aging and kinetic tests) will be accompanied by materials design and detailed characterization. Moreover, the project aims at the implementation of novel concepts of the electrolytes and designing of new operando technique for capacitor characterization. All these efforts aim at the development of sustainable and efficient energy conversion and storage system.

Mots-clés : electrochemical capacitors,energy conversion and storage,highly porous carbon materials
Projet ERC : LSO (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems
Entité participante : Weizmann Institute of Science — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2000000.0 €

The mammalian liver is a heterogeneous, yet highly structured organ, which performs diverse functions to maintain organismal homeostasis. Hepatocytes operate in repeating hexagonally shaped units termed lobules that are polarized by centripetal blood flow and morphogens. This polarized microenvironment facilitates optimal function by localizing specific processes to distinct lobule layers, a phenomenon known as ‘liver zonation’. While zonation of some key liver functions has been known for years, using spatially resolved single cell transcriptomics, we recently discovered that about 50% of liver genes are zonated. This surprisingly broad spatial heterogeneity raises a fundamental question - do hepatocytes form a uniform population that differs due to spatially graded inputs or are hepatocytes at different zones in fact distinct cell types? In this proposal we will tackle this question by developing techniques for sorting massive amounts of hepatocytes from defined tissue coordinates at high spatial resolution using zonated surface markers, new zonated reporter mouse models and mRNA content. We will perform a deep and comprehensive profiling of the hepatocyte genome, methylome, epigenome, transcriptome, proteome and metabolome at each zone to characterize liver zonation at all relevant cellular scales. We will also develop an ex-vivo system to functionally characterize the response of hepatocytes from distinct zones to identical input stimuli and the ability of hepatocytes to inter-convert to hepatocytes with differing zonal identities. These experiments will be performed in different metabolic states and along a high fat diet. This project will uncover new features of liver zonation in health and disease and redefine the hepatocyte cell state. Our approach for spatially refined tissue omics can be extended to other structured mammalian organs, thus opening new avenues of research in Systems Biology of mammalian tissues.

Mots-clés : design principles,mammalian systems,liver zonation,single molecule transcript imaging
Projet ERC : VISCOMATRIX (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Cellular, Developmental and Regenerative Biology
Entité participante : University of London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : U. London
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 885776.25 €

The mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) regulate processes during development, cancer and wound healing. The vast majority of research efforts in this field have been focused on ECM’s elasticity as a leading determinant of cell and tissue behaviour. However, the ECM is not merely elastic but is instead both viscous and elastic. Due to its viscoelastic nature, the ECM response to mechanical loads is inherently dynamic and evolves with time, independently of matrix degradation or remodelling. Despite the universality of ECM’s viscoelasticity, how viscoelasticity affects tissue function is unknown. Based on our preliminary data, cellular behaviour diverges significantly between viscoelastic and elastic ECMs. We hypothesize that viscoelasticity dominates tissue response. Our objective is to determine the biophysical and molecular mechanisms that regulate viscoelasticity sensing and mechanotransduction in 3D and understand its implications in cell and tissue response. To address, we will use an integrative approach that will combine 3D materials with exquisite control of viscoelastic properties, systematic molecular perturbations, computational modelling and precise quantitative analysis of cellular properties, forces and stresses. While using these tools, we will unravel the molecular mechanisms that regulate viscoelasticity response at single-cell and collective level. We will determine the dynamic role of viscoelasticity in breast homeostasis, malignant transformation and invasion. Finally, we will validate the implications of viscoelasticity by measuring breast ECM’s viscoelastic properties and with in vivo experiments. We expect that this project will unravel novel mechanosensing mechanisms operating at the roots of biological responses. These mechanisms, due to the inherent viscoelastic nature of tissues, will affect many biological fields from morphogenesis to cancer, and applied fields such as tissue engineering and biomaterials design.

Mots-clés : mechanotransduction,mechanosensing,cell mechanics,extracellular matrix,biomaterials,bioengineering
Projet ERC : O.M.J. (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Universe sciences
Entité participante : Bar-Ilan University — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : BIU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1951744.0 €

The mechanisms by which astronomical jets are launched, as well as their internal properties are fundamental in high-energy astrophysics. It is hypothesized that strong magnetic fields play a key role in the formation and properties of these outflows, seen in many different objects. If this hypothesis is correct, then (i) jets in different objects are likely to have similar properties; and (ii) magnetic fields are crucial in all aspects of jet formation, propagation and particle heating by energy dissipation. This project is aimed at testing these hypotheses, thereby obtaining a deeper insight into the physical processes involved in the formation and properties of jets in different objects, in view of the fact that jets may be the only gravitational wave counterparts expected to be observed in the foreseen future. Building on a decade-long expertise in building unique radiative-transfer codes, I will construct novel algorithms designed to handle radiative processes that occur simultaneously over many different time scales, and implement them in general-relativistic magneto-hydrodynamic (GR-MHD) numerical codes. This will allow, for the first time, the use of observations in constraining the unknown physics of the processes involved. In order to make maximal use of both spectral and temporal data, prime focus will be given to transient objects. I will address (i) possible roles of the mass and spin of the central black hole; (ii) the configuration and strength of the magnetic fields; (iii) the rates of magnetic energy dissipation; (iv) pair production and annihilation in shaping the high energy emission; and (v) constraining uncertain microphysics of plasma heating by non-ideal processes.
Projet ERC : PoisedLogic (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems
Entité participante : Universidad de Cantabria — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1199567.25 €

The mechanisms that, despite the noisy and stochastic nature of transcription, enable the specific, precise and robust deployment of developmental gene expression programs are poorly understood. We previously identified Poised Enhancers (PEs) as a conserved set of cis-regulatory elements essential for the induction of major anterior neural genes upon ESC differentiation. Importantly, before becoming active in anterior neural progenitors, PEs are already bookmarked in embryonic stem cells (ESC) with unique chromatin and topological features, including binding by polycomb-group protein complexes (PcG) and pre-formed contacts with their target genes. Here I hypothesize that the competence of pluripotent cells to faithfully execute an anterior neural gene expression program is genetically encoded and dependent on the unique modular composition of PEs, consisting of a cluster of highly conserved transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) and a nearby CpG island (CGI). This modular composition might endow PEs with privileged regulatory properties, whereby the TFBS confer cis-activation capacity, while the CGI bestow permissive chromatin and topological features that boost the PEs regulatory activity and increase transcriptional precision. Furthermore, I hypothesize that, together with architectural proteins, this modular composition dictates the specificity, compatibility and responsiveness between PEs and their target genes. Using ESC as a tractable system and genomic, single-cell/single-allele and genetic engineering methods, we will systematically dissect the contribution of each PE module (i.e. TFBS, CGI) and of different epigenetic (e.g. PcG, DNA methylation) and architectural factors (e.g. Cohesin, CTCF) to the regulatory logic of PEs. By systematically dissecting PEs, our work will illuminate novel and general mechanisms whereby enhancer pre-marking facilitates the precise and specific establishment of gene expression programs during vertebrate embryogenesis.

Mots-clés : enhancers,pluripotency,differentiation,transcriptional precision,polycomb,cpg islands,synthetic engineering
Projet ERC : SELECTION (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Complexity
Entité participante : University of York — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1400214.0 €

The most effective way of improving education systems is to improve the quality of teachers; a fundamental step to improve the quality of teachers is to select candidates for training who possess the 'soft skills' or non-cognitive traits and attributes that are related to effective teaching. Prof. Robert Klassen’s research will draw on interdisciplinary educational and occupational psychology frameworks to develop an evidence-based teacher training selection approach based on an innovative situational judgment test (SJT) methodology. This is ground-breaking research, as current selection procedures are ad hoc with little or no theory grounding or evidence of predictive validity. The project will dramatically improve the accuracy of the teacher candidate selection process, build understanding of the short- and long-term predictive validity of the non-cognitive attributes of prospective teachers, and provide system-wide educational improvements by increasing the quality of candidates entering teacher training programs. The ERC funding presents an opportunity for a novel high-rewards approach to applied educational psychology research that has the potential to markedly improve teacher quality and educational outcomes.

Mots-clés : teachers,teacher effectiveness,educational psychology,selection,hiring,retention
Projet ERC : BinGraSp (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental constituents of matter
Entité participante : University of Parma — Pays : Italie — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UNIPR
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 0.0 €

The most energetic electromagnetic phenomena in the Universe are believed to be powered by the collision of two neutron stars, the smallest and densest stars on which surface gravity is about 2 billion times stronger than gravity on Earth. However, a definitive identification of neutron star mergers as central engines for short-gamma-ray bursts and kilonovae transients is possible only by direct gravitational-wave observations. The latter provide us with unique information on neutron stars' masses, radii, and spins, including the possibility to set the strongest observational constraints on the unknown equation-of-state of matter at supranuclear densities. Neutron stars binary mergers are among the main targets for ground-based gravitational-wave interferometers like Advanced LIGO and Virgo, which start operations this year. The astrophysical data analysis of the signals emitted by these sources requires the availability of accurate waveform models, which are missing to date. Hence, the theoretical understanding of the gravitational spectrum is a necessary and urgent step for the development of a gravitational-based astrophysics in the next years. This project aims at developing, for the first time, a precise theoretical model for the complete gravitational spectrum of neutron star binaries, including the merger and postmerger stages of the coalescence process. Building on the PI's unique expertise and track record, the proposed research exploits synergy between analytical and numerical methods in General Relativity. Results from state of the art nonlinear 3D numerical relativity simulations will be combined with the most advanced analytical framework for the relativistic two-body problem. The model developed here will be used in the first gravitational-wave observations and will dramatically impact multimessenger astrophysics.

Mots-clés : gravitational waves,numerical relativity,binary neutron stars
Projet ERC : PROMINENT (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Universe sciences
Entité participante : KU Leuven — Pays : Belgique — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : KUL
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2331250.0 €

The most spectacular solar eruptions recorded in history - such as the Grand Daddy Prominence eruption on the 4th of June 1946 - invariably involve the violent ejection of a prominence: a giant, cool and dense plasma cloud that formed spontaneously within the million-degree solar corona. The role of the dominant prominence mass in all magnetically mediated coronal mass ejections is poorly understood, and yet a typical prominence easily outweighs our Earth population in mass (and the Earth itself in size). While they pervade the solar corona in all shapes and sizes, surprisingly little is known on their formation and ultimate disappearance. At the advent of two revolutionary space missions to the inner reaches of our heliosphere (Parker Probe and Solar Orbiter), a dedicated effort on ab initio prominence simulations beyond current resolution limits is needed. This must provide conclusive answers to intriguing riddles: How, where and why does the solar corona spontaneously condense to form these gigantic structures? What is the magnetic field topology throughout the prominence body, and how can it support their weight against solar gravity? What causes the fine structure (so-called threads and barbs) throughout the prominence body, and what is the role of the mysterious solar tornadoes often found at their feet? Can we use their natural oscillation frequencies seismologically? Is it feasible to predict their eruption, and can one quantify their role in space weather contexts? Armed with state-of-the-art, grid-adaptive software to efficiently exploit current and next generation supercomputers, we will resolve these mysteries, confront historic and forthcoming observations, and train a new generation of solar physicists. Along the way, we unravel fundamental processes relevant in many astrophysical contexts: how do radiatively driven, thermal instabilities induce catastrophic, non-gravitationally mediated condensations?

Mots-clés : solar physics,magnetohydrodynamics,high performance computing,waves and instabilities
Projet ERC : Spray-Imaging (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : Lund University — Pays : Suède — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1500000.0 €

The multiple scattering of light is a complex phenomenon, commonly encountered but rarely desired. In imaging it induces strong blurring on the recorded photographs, limiting the range of applicability and accuracy of modern optical instruments. A typical example concerns the laser diagnostics of spray systems. The PI has revealed in 2008 a technique based on structured illumination with the important capability to remove the contributions from multiple light scattering, allowing the unique possibility of visualising through dense sprays. Based on this acquired knowledge, the aim of this proposal is to develop and apply three novel imaging techniques for the complete characterizations of spray systems: The first technique will focus on visualizing with both high contrast and high resolution various spray phenomena that have not been observed in the past; such as complex spray breakup mechanisms in the near-nozzle region. The second technique is related to the characterization of the formed droplets field. This concerns the accurate measurement of both droplets size and concentration using a three-dimensional imaging approach. Finally, a third important task is the mapping of the spray temperature over the whole spray system. This information would lead to the determination of heat transfer and evaporation rate, which are key factors in the performance of combustion devices. By extracting these important quantities - dynamics, droplets size/concentration and thermometry - fundamental insights which are still missing to fully understand the process of atomization will be provided. This will also serve at validating modern CFD models, leading to reliable predictions of spray behaviours. Even though this work can directly benefit to a large number of medical and industrial spray applications, it will mostly focus on fuel spray injections used in combustion devices.

Mots-clés : spray laser diagnostics,multiple scattering,turbid media,optical imaging