Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : T-GRAND-SLAM (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Proof of concept grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy
Entité participante : University of Würzburg — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 149564.0 €

I propose to introduce novel analysis tools via a platform for three recently developed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) mI propose to introduce novel analysis tools via a platform for three recently developed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) methods (SLAM-seq, TimeLapse-seq and TUC-seq). All three methods enable the direct detection of new RNA transcribed by cells in a defined window of time within the pool of total cellular RNA. This is achieved by the introduction and subsequent detection of base-mismatches in newly transcribed RNA using RNA-seq. The ability to differentiate “new” from “old” RNA greatly increases the temporal resolution of RNA-seq experiments. In the frame of my ERC CoG grant “HERPES”, we developed a computational approach (an algorithm) termed GRAND-SLAM (Globally Refined Analysis of Newly transcribed RNA and Decay rates using SLAM-seq; patent application filed) to reliably define the relative contributions of “new” and “old” RNA. GRAND-SLAM not only directly computes the contribution of “new” and “old” RNA but also provides credible intervals that allow to judge the precision of the obtained ratios for each gene. GRAND-SLAM thereby provides novel means to identify perturbations in RNA synthesis and decay. Furthermore, GRAND-SLAM directly reduces experiment costs by eliminating the need for control samples to determine sequencing error rates. In conclusion, SLAM-seq will become the new standard for gene expression profiling worldwide and GRAND-SLAM the computational tool to analyze the respective data. Within this PoC-project, we will present the GRAND-SLAM analysis platform and prepare its introduction on the market with prospective customers in three areas: next-generation-sequencing companies, pharmaceutical industry, and research institutes. We will validate the analysis platform, improve its usability via direct testing with pilot customers, and develop our envisaged business strategy according to the feedback we will gain in the course of the project.

Mots-clés : gene expression profiling,rna seq,slam seq,rna decay,single cell sequencing,bioinformatics
Projet ERC : UnIntUniBd (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 135852.5 €

I propose to investigate the following long expected but widely open uniform bounds on rational and algebraic points. (1) Mazur’s conjecture on the number of points on curves, which implies the following two strong bounds: (1.i) the number of rational points on a smooth projective curve of genus g at least 2 defined over a number field of degree d is bounded above in terms of g, d and the Mordell- Weil rank; (1.ii) the number of algebraic torsion points on a smooth projective curve of genus g at least 2 is bounded above only in terms of g. (2) Generalize the bound in (1) to higher dimensional subvarieties of abelian varieties. (3) Extend the bounds to semi-abelian varieties. Compared with existing results, the Faltings height is no longer involved in the bounds. The proofs I propose are via Diophantine estimates. Functional transcendence and unlikely intersections on mixed Shimura varieties play important roles in the proofs. Hence as pre-requests and extensions of the three goals listed above, I will also continue investigating on functional transcendence and unlikely intersection theories as well as their potential other interesting applications in Diophantine geometry.
Projet ERC : EQUEMI (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental constituents of matter
Entité participante : Sorbonne Université — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Sorbonne U
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2422750.0 €

I propose to leverage the unique properties of optical fiber Fabry-Perot (FFP) microcavities pioneered by my group to advance the field of quantum engineering. We will take quantum-enhanced measurement from its current proof-of-principle state to a true metrological level by applying cavity-based spin squeezing to a compact atomic clock, aiming to improve the clock stability beyond one part in 10^-13 in one second. In a new experiment, we will generate multiparticle entangled states with high metrological gain by applying cavity-based entanglement schemes to alkaline earth-like atoms, the atomic species used in today’s most precise atomic clocks. In a second phase, a miniature quantum gas microscope will be added to this experiment, creating a rich new situation at the interface of quantum information, metrology, and cutting-edge quantum gas research. Finally, we will further improve the FFP microcavity technology itself to enable novel atom-light interfaces with a currently unavailable combination of strong coupling, efficient fiber coupling, and open access. This will open new horizons for light-matter interfaces not only in our experiments, but also in our partner groups working with trapped ions, diamond color centers, semiconductor quantum dots, carbon nanotubes and in quantum optomechanics.

Mots-clés : microcavities,atom chips
Projet ERC : METAmorphoses (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory — Pays : Portugal — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : INL
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 0.0 €

I propose to realize the first shapeshifting optical metasurface that changes its functionality on-demand and adapts to changing external conditions. The metasurface may work as a chemically selective lens that allows transmission only of the spectral fingerprint of a specific molecule in the mid-IR wavelength range. The same metasurface can later be turned into an adaptive lens for focusing and detection under the skin. For such ambitious goal, a radically new approach is needed. I will realize shapeshifting metasurfaces made of a polymer containing photo-switchable molecules. The surface of such polymers undergoes a morphology re-organization (surface structuring) when illuminated by an external visible light pattern. The polymer will be structured with visible light and the resulting metasurfaces will work in the mid-IR. I will use state-of-the-art optical nano-imaging techniques to investigate the surface structuring phenomenon at the nanoscale in order to achieve full control of the mechanism. Since the polymer surface can continuously be adjusted with the illuminating visible light, it will be possible to shift from one encoded optical functionality to a completely different one. Once optimized, this completely out-of-the-box approach will be completed by developing a feedback mechanism that allows for self- adjustment of the polymeric metasurface to changing external conditions. This will open endless possibilities in many fields, from medical imaging to security and quality control. The proposed approach is unprecedented but it is perfectly in line with my research activities, resulting in fact from merging different techniques that I master into a new research field. My approach is also inexpensive relative to the usual nano-fabrication techniques and immediately compatible with high-volume production, providing a viable technology platform for lightweight, eyewear technology, that reflects the views of key industrial players in the field.

Mots-clés : planar photonics,light activated elastomers
Projet ERC : ANDLICA (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental constituents of matter
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2490717.0 €

I propose to use large clouds of cold Ytterbium atoms to observe Anderson localization of light in three dimensions, which has challenged theoreticians and experimentalists for many decades. After the prediction by Anderson of a disorder-induced conductor to insulator transition for electrons, light has been proposed as ideal non interacting waves to explore coherent transport properties in the absence of interactions. The development in experiments and theory over the past several years have shown a route towards the experimental realization of this phase transition. Previous studies on Anderson localization of light using semiconductor powders or dielectric particles have shown that intrinsic material properties, such as absorption or inelastic scattering of light, need to be taken into account in the interpretation of experimental signatures of Anderson localization. Laser-cooled clouds of atoms avoid the problems of samples used so far to study Anderson localization of light. Ab initio theoretical models, available for cold Ytterbium atoms, have shown that the mere high spatial density of the scattering sample is not sufficient to allow for Anderson localization of photons in three dimensions, but that an additional magnetic field or additional disorder on the level shifts can induce a phase transition in three dimensions. The role of disorder in atom-light interactions has important consequences for the next generation of high precision atomic clocks and quantum memories. By connecting the mesoscopic physics approach to quantum optics and cooperative scattering, this project will allow better control of cold atoms as building blocks of future quantum technologies. Time-resolved transport experiments will connect super- and subradiant assisted transmission with the extended and localized eigenstates of the system. Having pioneered studies on weak localization and cooperative scattering enables me to diagnostic strong localization of light by cold atoms.

Mots-clés : anderson localisation,cooperative scattering of light
Projet ERC : MultiSense (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Physical and analytical chemical sciences
Entité participante : Eindhoven University of Technology — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TU/e
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999687.0 €

I will develop a single-molecule sensor that reveals multi-protein dynamics at micromolar concentrations to provide new understanding of how protein machinery functions in real-time. Proteins and their interactions are the cornerstone of biological processes. The dynamic cooperation between multiple species is key to most processes including chaperone-mediated protein folding, signal transduction, and metabolism. The dynamics of these processes is fast and adaptive due to a tailored combination of low affinity and high concentration. Current single-molecule sensors cannot capture these dynamics because (1) they only work in dilute solutions which perturbs the dynamics or (2) they only resolve a single species. Capturing dynamics of protein machinery at physiological conditions therefore remains one of the grand challenges in the field. MultiSense will develop a nanoplasmonic sensor to provide the opportunity to reveal multi-molecular protein dynamics at micromolar concentrations. This will be achieved by (a) developing technology to resolve and interpret multi-protein interactions and cooperation using Förster Resonance Energy Transfer in the confined near-field of a plasmonic particle, and (b) using this technology to provide the first real-time picture of chaperone-mediated protein folding at physiological conditions. This will contribute to unraveling why chaperones fail to induce proper folding or prevent protein aggregation in the context of diseases. The proposed method can be implemented on any research-grade microscope and can be generalized to any protein by applying the proper particle functionalization. This will inspire other researchers to study dynamic cooperation in protein machinery to unravel complex molecular mechanisms. In the long term the small size and biocompatibility of metal nanoparticles will enable studies of protein interactions at the single-molecule level in their natural environment, a living cell.

Mots-clés : nanoplasmonics,single molecule fluorescence,chaperones
Projet ERC : CLariNet (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Systems and communication engineering
Entité participante : Delft University of Technology — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TU Delft
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2500000.0 €

I will develop efficient on-line control methods for large-scale Networks with Hybrid Dynamics (NHDs) in the presence of uncertainties, where hybrid dynamics refers to a combination of continuous dynamics, mode switches, and/or topology changes. This topic is one of the core fundamental open problems in the field of systems and control. It is also important from a societal point of view as today’s society depends heavily on the reliable and efficient operation of road, railway, electricity, gas, and water networks, all of which are examples of large-scale NHDs. Control of large-scale NHDs is a very complex problem due to the large size of the networks, the presence of disturbances, and the hybrid dynamics, while a limited computation time is available. State-of-the-art control methods are not suited for large-scale NHDs as they either suffer from computational tractability issues or impose additional restrictions, resulting in a significantly reduced performance. To address this problem, I will create a new on-line control paradigm for large-scale NHDs based on an innovative integration of multi-agent optimization-based and learning-based control, allowing to unite the optimality of optimization-based control with the on-line tractability of learning-based control. I will bridge the gap between optimization-based and learning-based control for NHDs through the use of multi-scale multi-resolution piecewise affine models, explicit consideration of the graph structure of the network, the unique knowledge and experience I have in both optimization-based control and learning-based decision making, and an interdisciplinary integration of approaches from systems and control, computer science, and optimization. This will result in systematic, very reliable, highly scalable, high-performance on-line control methods for large-scale NHDs. I will demonstrate their feasibility, benefits, and impact for green multi-modal transportation networks and smart multi-energy networks.

Mots-clés : model based control,optimization based control,learning based control,control of large scale networks,hybrid systems,model predictive control,reinforcement learning
Projet ERC : HISOL (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental constituents of matter
Entité participante : Heriot-Watt University — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1723190.99 €

I will study a new regime of high-energy temporal optical soliton dynamics in gas and plasma filled large-bore hollow capillaries—something never previously attempted. Soliton dynamics are fundamental to many of the most fascinating and useful nonlinear processes occurring in conventional optical fibres. Currently the peak powers demonstrated are around 100 megawatts, in hollow-core photonic crystal fibres, with energies of tens of microjoules. I aim to achieve terawatt peak power, millijoule energy-scale, soliton dynamics, and thus combine high-field laser science with the physics of solitons. I will transfer energy from millijoule pump solitons in the near-infrared to the vacuum ultraviolet (100 nm to 200 nm, 6 eV to 12 eV), through resonant dispersive-wave emission. The emitted radiation will be coherent, ultrafast, and tunable through control of the filling gas pressure and capillary bore radius. The predicted conversion efficiencies are up to 20%, leading to VUV energies of over 400 microjoules in pulse durations of just 400 attoseconds (a single-cycle), with corresponding terawatt peak power; making this low-cost and table-top VUV source brighter than synchrotron sources. This will have wide impact: the VUV region, poorly served by current sources, is of great importance to many ultrafast spectroscopy techniques because many materials have electronic resonances there. Through soliton self-compression I will also compress 10 femtosecond, millijoule-scale, near-infrared, pump pulses to both single-cycle and even sub-cycle waveforms, achieving sub-femtosecond durations and terawatt peak powers. These will be the shortest isolated optical pulses ever generated in the near-infrared spectral region. I will use them to drive high-energy isolated attosecond pulse generation in the XUV through HHG. Finally, I will combine these VUV and XUV sources, in a single experiment, to perform proof-of-concept attosecond resolved VUV–XUV pump-probe spectroscopy experiments.

Mots-clés : solitons,pulse compression,pulse propagation,guided waves,capillaries,frequency conversion,vacuum ultraviolet,supercontinuum generation,optical fibers,ultrafast science,attoscience
Projet ERC : IASI-FT (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth system science
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1217150.0 €

IASI - Flux and temperature July 2016 was Earth's warmest month on record. The first six months of 2016 were also the warmest six-month period since modern meteorology observations began. This, along with the recent so-called “hiatus” in the warming trend, and the Paris climate agreement, all attracted scientific and public attention as to how reliable the historical temperature record is, and to the level of confidence in future model climate projections. Although the role of satellites in observing the variability and change of the Earth system has increased in recent decades, remotely-sensed observations are still underexploited to accurately assess climate change fingerprints. The IASI - Flux and Temperature (IASI-FT) project aims at providing new benchmarks for top-of-atmosphere radiative flux and temperature observations using the calibrated radiances measured twice a day at any location by the IASI instrument on the suite of MetOp satellites. The main challenge is to achieve the stringent accuracy and stability necessary for climate studies, particularly for climate trends. Building upon the expertise accumulated by my group during the last 10 years, I propose the development of innovative algorithms and statistical tools to generate climate data records at the global scale, of (1) spectrally resolved outgoing radiances, (2) land and sea skin surface temperatures, and (3) temperatures at selected altitudes. Time series of these quantities will be compared with in situ and other satellite observations if available, atmospheric reanalyses, and climate model simulations. The observed trends will be analyzed at seasonal and regional scales in order to disentangle natural (weather/dynamical) variability and human-induced climate forcings. This project, while clearly research-oriented, will lead towards an operational integrated observational strategy for the Earth climate system, given that the IASI program started in 2006 and will last until 2040 at least.

Mots-clés : thermal infrared remote sensing,remote sensing spectroscopy,radiative flux,surface temperature,stratospheric temperature,ozone,climate forcings,iasi
Projet ERC : IN DEPTH (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Proof of concept grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Systems and communication engineering
Entité participante : Italian Institute of Technology — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 150000.0 €

IN DEPTH aims at developing the first brain implantable device able to gather simultaneously electrophysiology and optical signals with depth resolution and reduced invasiveness. Neuroscientists and neurosurgeons are indeed still limited in accessing and addressing deep brain structures, while the field would instead greatly benefit of low-invasiveness probes monitoring bio-electronic and optical signals with spatial resolution, for both neuroscience and neurosurgery applications. IN DEPTH will answer to the stakeholders needs with a close-to-market fully-integrated device based on minimally invasive tapered optical fibers (TFs) for multipoint light collection and electrophysiology. The system aims at novel applications in both neuroscience research and neurosurgery, with particular reference to cerebral disfunctions including Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, or epilepsy, and to fluorescence-guided resection of brain tumors, giving neurosurgeons the possibility to check also the tumor depth and monitor electrical activity during surgery. These aims will be achieved by implementing innovative and high-throughput fabrication process developed for non-planar surfaces, aiming at full compatibility with bench-top equipment for electrophysiology, optophysiology and neurosurgery.

Mots-clés : photonic implantable devices,optoelectronic implantable devices,optical neural interfaces