Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : EDJ (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : Inter-University Research Institute Corporation — Pays : Japon — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Organismes publics (hors enseignement & recherche)
Financement ERC de l'entité : 173250.0 €

It is a paradoxical situation that with Japan being the third modern economy and Japanese, the main Japonic language, being the 10th in the world in terms of native speakers and the most widely studied Asian language, the Japonic language family still lacks an etymological dictionary. The present research project will rectify this situation. The benefits of an etymological dictionary of Japonic are obvious: not only it will be of a great use to the specialists working on pre-modern Japan and Ryukyuan islands in various disciplines; it will have its impact on modern studies, especially on linguistic identities in East Asia. And offer a new reading of regional linguistic identities The Etymological Dictionary of the Japonic languages has never been compiled, and the time for the realization of such a project is ripe, as it would have been impossible to carry on 30 or 40 years ago, since many important resources available now did not yet exist then such as numerous dictionaries and descriptions of dialects and historical stages of the language development. The same is true regarding the editions of many textual sources and compilation of their indexes. One very important difference with the previous era is also the fact that nowadays many sources are available electronically, which greatly facilitates the search and management of information. This project is highly innovative because it provides a presentation in context based on the extensive use of the IT technology, as compared to the previous research on Japonic etymology which was essentially word-list-oriented. In contrast with the current practice, where only word entries with their translations were provided (and often without any reference to the source), thanks to internet link to database, and cross-referenced entries, the electronic etymological dictionary will present the words in their textual historical and cultural context.

Mots-clés : etymology,japonic,japanese,ryukyuan,ainu,middle and old korean,middle and old,chinese,comparative method
Projet ERC : HIGH-GEAR (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Physical and analytical chemical sciences
Entité participante : Stockholm University — Pays : Suède — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1968375.0 €

It is estimated that almost half of all enzymes utilize metal cofactors for their function, for example the respiratory complexes and the oxygen-evolving photosystem II, the most fundamental requirements for aerobic life as we know it. If we could mimic nature’s use of metals for harvesting sunlight, energy conversion and chemical synthesis it would eliminate the need for fossil fuels and greatly increase the possibilities of chemical industry while reducing the environmental impact. Achieving this type of chemistry is an outstanding testament to evolution and understanding it is a glaring challenge to mankind. These types of reactions are based on very challenging redox chemistry (involving one or several electrons). The key catalytic species are generally high-valent metal clusters with a varying ligand environment, provided by the protein and other bound molecules, that directly controls the reactivity of the inorganic core. To be able to understand and mimic this chemistry it is of central importance to know the geometric and electronic structures of the metal core as well as the entire ligand environment for these usually short-lived and very reactive intermediates. It has, for a number of reasons, proven extremely challenging to obtain these for protein-coordinated catalysts. The central goal of this project is to determine true and accurate geometric and electronic structures of high-valent di-nuclear Fe/Fe and Mn/Fe metal sites coordinated in protein matrices known to direct these for varied and important chemistry. By combining new X-ray diffraction based techniques with advanced spectroscopy we aim to define how the protein controls the entatic state as well as reactivity and mechanism for some of the most potent catalysts in nature. The results will serve as a basis for design of oxygen-activating catalysts with novel properties.

Mots-clés : bioinorganic chemistry,iron,manganese,radical
Projet ERC : AI4SmartCities (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Proof of concept grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth system science
Entité participante : Technical University of Munich — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TUM
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 150000.0 €

It is estimated that by 2050, 68% of the world population will live in urban areas, according to the United Nations. With the accelerated rhythm of population growth, the expected number of urban citizens in 2050 is close to 6.5 billion (compared to 4.2 billion nowadays). Uncontrolled urbanization raises a significant problem, the topic of the United Nations Development Programme Goal 11: ensuring sustainable and safe growth of urban areas. This project therefore addresses a global problem. To enable smart urban planning and scalable methods for example to predict the risk of structural degradation or damage to city buildings, it is essential to create efficient tools that can analyse large amounts of data, over time (4D), to create comprehensive global urban maps. The continuous expansion of data sets poses a significant problem for data analytics for global smart urban planning: we currently lack solutions that can generate useful insights from the data. In this PoC project, I aim to extend the AI algorithms and the big Earth observation data management features developed in the ERC Starting grant to very high resolution data for Smart City applications and offer our software as a commercial, integrated service. Within the PoC, a comprehensive business case that will assist us in designing an exploitation strategy will be developed. Achieving these objectives will advance our AI solution for Smart City from a technology readiness level (TRL) of 4 to 6. Our value proposition in AI4SmartCities is a set of professional solutions for very high resolution geo-spatial and social-economic indicators for Smart City planning and management by retrieving them from big EO data using AI. For example, high resolution building footprint map, urban building change map, and traffic flow map. Supporting the abovementioned solutions is an easy-to-use, interactive big EO data analysis platform.

Mots-clés : artificial intelligence,big data,earth observation,smart cities,high resolution image
Projet ERC : POLIVERNACULARS (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : University of London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : U. London
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1500000.0 €

It is extraordinary that, given the significance of India as the world’s largest democracy and a Rising Power, we know so little about the conceptual foundations of its political life. Much has been written about political ideas and institutions imported from Europe. And yet no focused, consecutive effort has gone into understanding the ideas that guide most ordinary Indian citizens’ engagement in their political lives. Analyses conducted through Euro-American categories and theoretical frames elevated to the status of universals – rights, identity, public sphere, secularism or indeed ‘politics’ – only generate paradoxes. This project will be a pioneering exploration of India’s demotic political ideas, which it will examine through a close ethnographic and historical scrutiny of the vernacular languages of its political life. Bringing together a team of anthropologists, historians, linguists and scholars of politics, and taking inspiration from the Begriffsgeschichte inquiry into German political concepts, it will (1) lay the empirical and analytical groundwork for a vernacular lexicography of India’s political life; (2) develop an online, open-access Concept Laboratory of Indian Political Languages; and (3) explore with scholars of European political ideas the implications of this work for global political theory. Drawing on the PI’s established work on the demotic categories and values in Indian politics, the project will break major new ground in the study of subcontinental politics; extend the methodological insights of the Begriffsgeschichte project beyond Europe; and make analytical advances towards a truly global political theory, grounded not in the analytical lingua franca of Western political theory, but in the realities of political life around the globe.
Projet ERC : LuxFaSS (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : Fundatia noua europa — Pays : Roumanie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Nec
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1437500.0 €

It is hard to give a broadly acceptable definition of the concept of luxury, which as a field of study has also been largely neglected by historians and sociologists. From a moral or philosophical point of view, luxury is seen as a form of decadence, although from the economic perspective it is seen as a force that drives development of the consumerist economy. Every society knows it in some form, regardless of the degree of economic development, reserving luxury to elite groups, who show their power and pomp through the display of luxury goods. The history of luxury is therefore, from this perspective, a history of power, reflecting the syncretism of cultural and political thought. Luxury and fashion as components of material culture can also be analysed through the lens of cultural history, since they play an important role in the creation of visual culture. This project proposes to analyse the Christian elites of Ottoman-dominated Europe in the Early Modern period from these perspectives, and to look at how they defined their social status and identity at the intersection of East and West. In such an analysis, the Westernisation of South-Eastern Europe proceeds not just through the spread of Enlightenment ideas and the influence of the French Revolution, but also through changes in visual culture brought about by Western influence on notions of luxury and fashion. This approach allows a closer appreciation of the synchronicities and time lags between traditional culture, developments in political thought and social change in the context of the modernisation or “Europeanization” of this part of Europe.

Mots-clés : cultural habitus,dress codes,balkans,consumption,physical appearance,europeanisation,social elites,ottoman empire
Projet ERC : Re-SENSE (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer science and informatics
Entité participante : KU Leuven — Pays : Belgique — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : KUL
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1484562.0 €

It is hard to stand on one leg if we close our eyes. We have trouble tasting food without smelling. And when we talk with other people, we observe their lips to understand them better. We, humans, are masters in sensor fusion as we can seamlessly combine information coming from different senses to improve our judgements. Intriguingly, in order to fuse information efficiently, we do not always devote the same level of attention or mental effort to each of the many sensory streams available to us. This dynamic attention-scalability allows us to always extract the maximum amount of relevant information under our limited human computational bandwidth. Would it not be great if electronics had the same capabilities? While many devices are nowadays equipped with a massive amount of sensors, they typically cannot effectively fuse more than a few of them. The rigid way in which sensory data is combined results in large computational workloads, preventing effective multi-sensor fusion in resource-constrained applications such as robotics, wearables, biomedical monitoring or user interfacing. The Re-SENSE project will bring attention-scalable sensing to resource-scarce devices, which are constrained in terms of energy, throughput, latency or memory resources. This is achieved by jointly: 1) Developing resource-aware inference and fusion algorithms, which maximize information capture in function of hardware resource usage, dynamically tuning sensory attention levels 2) Implementing dynamic, wide-range resource-scalable inference processors, allowing to exploit this attention-scalability for drastically improved efficiency The attention-scalable sensing concept will be demonstrated in 2 highly resource-constrained applications: a) latency-critical cell sorting and b) energy-critical epilepsy monitoring. This combination of processor design, reconfigurable hardware and embedded machine learning fits perfectly to the PI’s expertise gained at Intel Labs, UC Berkeley and KULeuven.

Mots-clés : chip design,reconfigurable computing,low power,sensor fusion,hardware software co design,resource awareness,context scalable
Projet ERC : lincSAFARI (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems
Entité participante : Weizmann Institute of Science — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1500000.0 €

It is now clear that many intergenic regions in eukaryotic genomes give rise to a range of processed and regulated transcripts that do not appear to code for functional proteins. A subset of these are long (>200 nt), capped and polyadenylated RNAs transcribed by RNA polymerase II and collectively called long intervening noncoding RNAs or lincRNAs. The recent estimates are that the human genome encodes >10,000 distinct lincRNAs, many of which show tissue-specific expression and are frequently dysregulated in human disease, including neurodegeneration. Given the growing number of lincRNAs implicated in human disease or required for proper development, fundamental questions that need to be addressed are: Which lincRNAs are functional? How is functional information encoded in the lincRNA sequence? Is this information interpreted in the context of the mature or the nascent RNA? What are the identities and functional roles of specific sequence domains within lincRNA genes? Our main hypothesis is that many lincRNA loci play key roles in gene regulation during cell differentiation, both via functionally important transcription events and post-transcriptionally, through the combined action of multiple short sequence domains. We will test this hypothesis using three complementary approaches – comparative genomics, detailed perturbations in mammalian cells followed by quantitative molecular phenotyping, and high-throughput screens for sequences able to carry out specific functions. We propose an interdisciplinary approach combining computational, molecular and stem cell biology. Our methodology will be scalable, allowing us to tackle completely uncharacterized long RNAs and eventually zoom in and study their individual bases. Upon successful accomplishment of the program, we will delineate modes of action of numerous lincRNAs, report sequence patches that are functionally important and understand how specific bases and structures act in concert to drive lincRNA function.

Mots-clés : noncoding rnas,comparative transcriptomics,cell identity,high throughput sequencing
Projet ERC : NewAve (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental constituents of matter
Entité participante : Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1214250.0 €

It is now firmly established that most of the matter in the Universe is in the form of the mysterious dark matter, contributing more than 80% to the total amount of matter. However, despite tremendous theoretical and experimental efforts over the past few decades, dark matter remains elusive and one of the great unknowns until today. To identify the nature of dark matter is evidently of fundamental importance and one of the top priorities in science today. The quest for dark matter is inherently multi disciplinary with strong roots in particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology, providing profound connections between these different disciplines. This project aims at exploring new avenues towards solving the dark matter puzzle, with a particular focus on a few select groundbreaking topics. These are centered around (i) theoretical dark matter model building, (ii) the study of new collider signatures, (iii) developing new techniques for the comparison and interpretation of direct detection experiments and (iv) identifying astrophysical probes which constrain or give evidence for dark matter self-interactions. Given the impressive increase in sensitivity of upcoming dark matter experiments as well as the upcoming high energy run of the Large Hadron Collider, there is no doubt that the era of data has begun for dark matter searches and that we can expect putative signals rather than exclusion limits for the near future. It is therefore extremely important to bring together different fields and exploit the complementarity of different search strategies to maximise the amount of information gained from a successful detection. This inherently multi disciplinary approach is at the heart of the current project, which can rely on a well established network of collaborators and will bring together excellent young physicists with different backgrounds to form a small but well structured research group which will significantly advance dark matter phenomenology in Europe.
Projet ERC : ProMiDis (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering
Entité participante : National Hellenic Research Foundation — Pays : Grèce — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : NHRF
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1094672.14 €

It is now widely recognized that a variety of major diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, systemic amyloidosis, cystic fibrosis, type 2 diabetes etc., are characterized by a common molecular origin: the misfolding of specific proteins. These disorders have been termed protein misfolding diseases (PMDs) and the vast majority of them remain incurable. Here, I propose the development of a unified approach for the discovery of potential therapeutics against PMDs. I will generate engineered bacterial cells that function as a broadly applicable discovery platform for compounds that rescue the misfolding of PMD-associated proteins (MisPs). These compounds will be selected from libraries of drug-like molecules biosynthesized in engineered bacteria using a technology that allows the facile production of billions of different test molecules. These libraries will then be screened in the same bacterial cells that produce them and the rare molecules that rescue MisP misfolding effectively will be selected using an ultrahigh-throughput genetic screen. The effect of the selected compounds on MisP folding will then be evaluated by biochemical and biophysical methods, while their ability to inhibit MisP-induced pathogenicity will be tested in appropriate mammalian cell assays and in established animal models of the associated PMD. The molecules that rescue the misfolding of the target MisPs and antagonize their associated pathogenicity both in vitro and in vivo, will become drug candidates against the corresponding diseases. This procedure will be applied for different MisPs to identify potential therapeutics for four major PMDs: Huntington’s disease, cardiotoxic light chain amyloidosis, dialysis-related amyloidosis and retinitis pigmentosa. Successful realization of ProMiDis will provide invaluable therapeutic leads against major diseases and a unified framework for anti-PMD drug discovery.

Mots-clés : protein misfolding,protein aggregation,protein misfolding disease,synthetic biology,drug discovery,escherichia coli,cyclic peptides,huntington s disease,amyloidosis,retinitis pigmentosa
Projet ERC : HUNAYNNET (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : Ruhr University Bochum — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : RUB
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 478475.0 €

It is often taken for granted that the Greek-Arabic translation movement (8th-10th c.) that made the whole bulk of Classical Greek scientific and philosophical literature available in Arabic (and that was later handed over to Europe in Latin translations) owes much to the preceding period in the history of transmission of this scientific and philosophical literature, namely translations into the Syriac language that were implemented by Aramaic-speaking Syriac Christians. The problem of continuity between the two periods however has not been tackled thoroughly in scholarship and thus the actual impact of the Syriac translations on later methods of translation has so far not been measured and assessed. One feasible solution to this problem in our understanding of the background to the Greek-Arabic translation movement is to implement a comprehensive comparison of Syriac and Arabic translations by means of lexicographical analysis. This project offers a research tool capable of allowing this comparison. It will combine methods of online lexicography and of corpus linguistics with the aim of presenting in a systematic and rationalized way the lexical data from the entire corpus of Syriac scientific and philosophical translations, comparing and analyzing its terminology and translation techniques, first, with the extant Greek originals and, secondly, with Arabic versions. The lexicographic database will be an effective instrument providing definite data for the study of Syriac and Arabic translations and their close connections. It will reveal how the Syriac translations along with underlying methods and tools that were put to use for the first time ever by Syriac Christians eventually determined the prosperity of the Islamic sciences. Fully endorsing a principle of open access the database creates a new instrument for a study of the history of the transmission of Greek scientific literature in Antiquity and the Middle Ages.

Mots-clés : syriac studies,greek syriac arabic translations,transmission history of greek science and philosophy,lexicography