Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : EDDYNCHOICE (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : Fondation Jean-Jacques Laffont - Toulouse sciences économiques — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : JJL-TSE
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1009500.0 €

The diversity of educational opportunities has the potential to improve the situation of everyone by providing an environment, adapted to the needs and goals of all. Letting parents or students choose their trajectory can improve welfare as it allows them to sort into the right program, using their private information on comparative advantages and preferences. However, personal choices are not necessarily in line with society’s objectives because of externalities. Apart from financial externalities that are inevitable in subsidized educational systems, peer effects are crucial in this context as the student composition of an educational program affects its quality. Furthermore, from an individual perspective, the right choice is difficult to make, and behavioral biases (or “internalities”) are common. As a result, such choices are often restricted. Targeted vouchers open up spots for some groups of children at the cost of others, grading standards prevent students from attending certain tracks or courses in high school, and college admissions prevent completely free access. However, there is little guidance for policymakers in knowing and realizing the optimal size and composition of different options. What is the right balance between choice, ability and diversity requirements in school choice and tracking? Are seats in college programs optimally provided according to society’s needs? How to incentivize students to align their choices with a societal optimum? This project aims to develop a methodology to empirically analyze the optimal provision of choice using novel dynamic discrete choice models that take into account externalities and internalities. The objective is to apply this methodology to rich micro-data from the three main levels of education: school competition in primary education, tracking in secondary education, and admission and graduation in college.

Mots-clés : education economics,labor economics,structural modeling,dynamic discrete choice,peer effects,school matching,early tracking,production function
Projet ERC : FORECAST (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention,  Diagnosis and T reatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : AP-HP
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 791781.0 €

Assessing the benefit-risk balance of treatment is crucial in medicine to select the most appropriate treatment for patients. This process faces major challenges, how to implement evidence in real time to guide treatment choice and how to summarize efficacy and safety outcomes to patients and clinicians, while incorporating patient preferences. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) affect 3 million residents in Europe. New advanced therapies have been recently approved, but in the absence of head-to-head randomized controlled trials (RCT), data are lacking to position each drug in the therapeutic management. Multiple types of real-world data (RWD) sources are available to assess the effect of treatment, but each type has its proper strengths and limitations. Linking multiple RWD sources can overcome limitations and leverage the strengths of each data source. We recently emulated clinical trials supporting the use of RWD to assess treatment effectiveness and safety in IBD. Based on the linkage of nationwide healthcare databases, electronic health records, and a prospective cohort of IBD patients, the aims of the current proposal are (i) to validate algorithms identifying IBD characteristics and outcomes in nationwide healthcare databases, (ii) to emulate head-to-head clinical trials comparing advanced therapies in IBD, (iii) to incorporate trials findings and patient preferences in a clinical decision support system for IBD patients and clinicians, whose impact will be assessed by a pragmatic RCT nested in nationwide healthcare databases. This challenging project will involve multi-disciplinary aspects, from qualitative approach to artificial intelligence, to clarify the position of each treatment in IBD and disseminate findings to patients and clinicians. Besides scientific importance, it will have societal impact by setting the stage for a novel post-marketing drug surveillance framework applicable not only to future IBD treatments but also to other chronic diseases.

Mots-clés : pharmacoepidemiology gastroenterology inflammatory bowel diseases administrative health databases
Projet ERC : Cytok-Gut (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and R egeneration
Entité participante : Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Inserm
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1500000.0 €

Organ development and function are controlled by complex interactions between genetic, cellular, and environmental factors. Because these interactions are challenging to study in live organisms, their mechanisms remain largely unknown. Gut development is regulated by microbiota colonization, making it a valuable organ for dissecting gene-environment interactions. Cytokines, small secreted proteins highly responsive to environmental changes, regulate immunity and gut function in mammals. Our data indicate that specific cytokines are also essential for gut development in zebrafish. We found that these cytokines are first expressed in gut epithelial cells during development, and later their expression is switched to immune cells, including innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). ILCs were discovered in the mammalian gut but their function has not been dissected due to the lack of specific markers. Having identified the first vertebrate ILC markers in zebrafish, we will combine our novel tools together with other unique benefits of zebrafish such as live microscopy, easy environmental manipulation and abundant genetic tools, to dissect how microbial cues interact with genetic networks to control organ development. We hypothesize that gut development is regulated by cytokine signaling that is, in turn, regulated by crosstalk with the microbiota, and the emergence of ILCs.  Our specific aims are to: 1. Characterize the roles of cytokines during gut development 2. Determine how microbiota-cytokine crosstalk controls gut development 3. Uncover the role of ILCs and cytokine source switching in gut maturation  This project, at the intersection of developmental biology and immunology, will provide fundamental insights into how symbiont-host crosstalk controls organogenesis, and a new conceptual framework for the function of the immune system. Furthermore, conservation with the human gut could help identify new therapeutic strategies for common diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease

Mots-clés : cytokines,intestinal epithelial cells,microbiota,innate lymphoid cells,zebrafish
Projet ERC : SuperTouch (Horizon Europe, appel 2025, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Systems and Communication Engineering
Entité participante : Université de technologie de Delft — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TU Delft
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499998.0 €

Imagine running your fingers over a hard, rough, cool brick wall yet feeling a soft, smooth, warm surface like fur. Recent advancements in wearable haptic technologies are opening new possibilities for augmenting natural fingertip sensations with artificial tactile feedback. However, systematically overlaying surfaces—each evoking distinct sensations like roughness, softness, or warmth through stimulating the skin with a combination of vibration, pressure, and temperature signals—with artificial sensations remains a significant challenge. This complexity stems from our limited understanding of synthesizing multisensory tactile experiences with specific perceptual attributes and superimposing these artificial sensations with natural ones perceived at the fingertip during active exploration.  In SuperTouch, I aim to understand how to replace the tactile feel of any surface experienced through bare fingertips with new, desired sensations across the full spectrum of perceptual dimensions. I will achieve this goal through a model-based approach by applying precisely modeled multisensory stimuli—vibration, temperature, and pressure—to the finger phalanx. I will begin by identifying perceptually relevant tactile features from the finger-surface interaction data in my lab's recent database. These features will be the foundation for synthesizing artificial stimuli, rendered using the multisensory haptic surface and ring newly developed in my lab. By conducting psychophysical experiments and employing interpretable machine learning techniques, I will mathematically model a) the relationship between tactile features and the resulting sensory experiences and b) the integration of stimuli across multiple contact points, allowing for the precise generation of sensations.  SuperTouch will pioneer a new frontier in haptics by introducing the first universal model-based superimposition approach for multisensory cutaneous sensations, advancing the science of touch.

Mots-clés : haptics,human tactile perception,tactile data processing,multisensory cutaneous processing
Projet ERC : ExOsTech (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Study of the Human Past
Entité participante : Université de Bordeaux — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UBx
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1638576.0 €

Over the last two decades, growing evidence attests to the use of unmodified or partially modified bone fragments as tools by members of our lineage prior to the emergence of fully shaped, standardized bone tools. These simple tools, some of which date to 2.4 million years ago (Myr), were interpreted as items used for digging, piercing, cutting, or scraping but definitive conclusions are difficult to reach without comprehensive evidence owing to the lack of adequate research strategies for investigating them. Indeed, we critically need quantitative replicable methods to infer their role in past cultural systems, which, in turn, would allow us to document their evolution in relation to other aspects of Pleistocene material culture. ExOsTech aims to tackle this challenging task through the development and application of an innovative approach that integrates tribology with artificial intelligence to study use-wear patterns present on expedient osseous tools. This methodological breakthrough relies on discriminant analysis of surface textural data (ISO 25178) acquired by confocal microscopy as well as image recognitions and multi-class neural network algorithms to precisely establish the function of expedient osseous tools. This method will be applied to study assemblages from Europe, Southern Africa, and East Asia dated between 1.8 Ma and 60 thousand years ago (ka). Cross-cultural comparisons of regional trajectories will be performed to establish when expedient osseous tools became fully integrated in past cultural systems and when standardized behaviours guiding their selection and use emerged in our lineage. Ultimately, ExOsTech will offer a new perspective on Pleistocene cultural dynamics that can not otherwise be inferred solely from stone technology.

Mots-clés : pleistocene bone tools cultural evolution tribology
Projet ERC : METAVASC (Horizon Europe, appel 2025, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing
Entité participante : Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499500.0 €

Brain metastasis (BrM) is one of the deadliest cancer complications, affecting 30-40% of patients. When cancer cells migrate from the primary tumor to the brain, they face the critical challenge of adapting to an entirely new microenvironment. This includes various tissue-resident cell types, a distinct extracellular matrix composition, and more importantly, the challenge of traversing the multiple layers constituting the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB – composed of the endothelial cells, mural cells, and associated microglia and neurons – not only serves as the initial gateway for cancer cells during the early stages of metastatic colonization but also for recruited immune cells, such as cytotoxic T cells, in advanced stages of the disease. The METAVASC project pioneers a novel study of the brain vasculature as a key regulator of both early and advanced stages in BrM, challenging the traditional view of the vascular system as merely structural. By following a multifaceted approach – including niche labeling systems, CRISPR and drug screenings, multiplex immunofluorescence, spatial transcriptomics, and functional studies – this project aims to overcome current limitations in understanding BrM biology from a vascular perspective, addressing two key questions: How do vascular components influence cancer cell survival during the initial stages of BrM (Aim 1)? And how does the brain vasculature regulate immune cell recruitment and activation in later stages (Aim 2)? Although immunocompetent BrM mouse models will be critical to address most of the fundamental questions in this project, the validation process in human samples represents an important milestone (Aim 3), as our ultimate goal is to translate our findings into tangible benefits for patients. In METAVASC, we aim to advance the knowledge of this disease and develop groundbreaking therapies that can transform BrM into preventable and treatable conditions, potentially revolutionizing patient outcomes.

Mots-clés : brain metastasis,vasculature,tumor microenvironment
Projet ERC : RECALLCO2 (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and Processes Engineering
Entité participante : Université de technologie de Delft — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TU Delft
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1500000.0 €

The electrochemical conversion of CO2 to carbon-based feedstocks represents one of few technological routes capable of replacing fossil fuel derivatives. Despite substantial advancements, however, major challenges impair CO2 electrolysis from matching its promise. Critically, steady acidification of CO2 electrolyzers during operation currently necessitates the use of iridium-based anodes. This is unacceptable from a cost and resource availability perspective. More fundamentally, while CO2 reduction to CO, formate and ethylene has become highly selective, the production of high-energy density alcohols with high selectivity has been elusive. To overcome these barriers, new scientific approaches are needed.  RECALLCO2 will resolve iridium dependencies and non-selective alcohol production in CO2 electrolysis through a combination of novel electrochemical cell design and the development of molecular catalytic architectures which break existing fundamental limitations. On the system design front, I will micro manipulate reagent, ionic and water fluxes to inhibit nickel corrosion pathways which presently necessitate iridium anodes. This will be the first-ever intrinsically stable CO2 electrolyzer capable of using nickel anodes. A second pillar is the conceptualization that strong electronic-coupling of metal complexes to metal electrodes can eliminate redox-controlled reaction pathways on molecular catalysts. This counters decades of work using carbon electrodes as supports. Coupling with a metal electrode will delink electron transfers from a molecular catalyst’s oxidation states, and fundamentally change catalytic behaviour that currently restricts reactions to 2 electrons. Thus, CO2 reduction products such as methanol (6 electrons) and ethanol (12 electrons) will become viable. Utilizing this counterintuitive approach, I will push alcohol synthesis well beyond state-of-the-art selectivity and reaction rates, giving renewed promise for producing these compounds.

Mots-clés : electrocatalysis co2 reduction co2 electrolyzers molecular catalysis bipolar membrane anode iridium
Projet ERC : RIPPLE (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Human Mobility, Environment, and Space
Entité participante : Université de technologie de Delft — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TU Delft
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1496994.0 €

The climate is approaching dangerous points of no return, yet national climate commitments are lagging. One, and possibly the only, way for a timely transition to a green economy is through positive tipping points, i.e. rapid, large and irreversible shifts towards clean energy technologies due to strategic interventions and momentum buildup above critical thresholds. The current generation of coupled climate-energy-economic models, which guide climate mitigation strategies, is highly inadequate to represent and leverage these shifts properly. Current models overestimate technological costs, underestimate feasibility concerns, and oversimplify the decision-making process.  The RIPPLE project aims to challenge these limitations and advance the empirical and modelling foundations of positive tipping points. First, it explores how innovation and diffusion of key green technologies can drive costs down and enable a swift transition away from fossil fuels. Novel economic approaches are integrated into a climate-energy-economic model to comprehensively map the space of alternative non-linear transitions of key technologies and their interdependencies. Second, the project investigates material and financial feasibility concerns. It augments a climate-energy-economic model to study lock-ins due to scarcity of critical materials, insufficient funds and fragile international dependencies. Third, the project elaborates on new ways of identifying early signals of positive tipping and generating policies that respond to those signals. Interpretable machine learning is used to turn noisy techno-economic data into actionable green energy tipping interventions, while exploratory modelling highlights the trade-offs between costs, speed, feasibility, fairness and robustness to uncertainties. The ultimate outcome is the first quantitative integrated framework to understand how to redirect innovation for the green economy to tip before the climate does.

Mots-clés : coupled climate energy economic modelling,integrated assessment modelling,socio technical tipping points,technological innovation,clean energy transition pathways,feasibility analysis,exploratory modelling,adaptive policymaking
Projet ERC : SEGUE (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Human Mobility, Environment, and Space
Entité participante : Université de technologie de Delft — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TU Delft
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1495125.0 €

The uneven concentration of people and economic resources in cities hampers the well-being and opportunities of poorer citizens and represents a threat to social cohesion. It is considered a major policy challenge by researchers and international institutions alike. My aim with the SEGUE project is to identify and model the combination of economic, geographical and demographical drivers of urban economic segregation in order to better understand its dynamics and to better assess possible remediatory policies. The existing literature on urban segregation mainly explains urban economic segregation with sociological and intra-city factors (resource accessibility, social networks, contextual effects and the urban form) but also acknowledges a link with the evolution of economic inequality. The existing literature on economic inequality, by contrast, mainly focuses on factors operating at the national and individual levels (selective migration, assortative mating, family inheritance, education). My project addresses this gap by spatialising the national and individual explanations of economic inequality relating to residential mobility or the tax and education system, and by integrating these into a simulation model of urban segregation. This model will be calibrated with a uniquely rich source of exhaustive and longitudinal individual data from the Netherlands. Its analysis will produce new insights about the interaction between drivers of economic inequality and segregation in cities and will provide a cost-effective tool to compare policies to reduce urban economic segregation at different scales of action (local, urban, national), ex ante (i.e. within the virtual laboratory of a simulation) instead of in situ with costly and risky experiments. The results obtained from the research should also open new perspectives to study various forms of inequality and facilitate the study of economic segregation in other national contexts.

Mots-clés : urban segregation,economic inequality,agent based modelling,cities,policy,multiscale
Projet ERC : ACC-3D (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and Processes Engineering
Entité participante : Université de technologie de Delft — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TU Delft
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1498201.0 €

Concrete is inherently brittle. This is a problem because important structures such as nuclear power plants need ductility to remain functional after earthquakes and impacts. ACC-3D aims at creating novel, ductile cementitious composites by using local reinforcement with an unusual quality, negative Poisson's ratio, known as auxetics. Currently, steel rebars or fibers are used to make concrete ductile. Such reinforcement is only active once the concrete has cracked: it prevents existing cracks from growing. Cracking might leave structures unfunctional or vulnerable to repeated events and aftershocks. Can we make reinforcement actively work with concrete already before cracking by making it auxetic? This has never been attempted before. Emerging auxetics with complex architectures fabricated by 3D printing offer excellent energy absorption capacity. However, they have low stiffness which makes them unsuitable for structural applications. I believe that using auxetics as reinforcement in cementitious composites will result in energy absorption at least 2 times higher than current approaches without impairing the stiffness. Through a preliminary study I discovered that auxetics can outperform conventional reinforcement in cementitious composites in terms of flexural strength and energy absorption. However, the mechanism of interaction between deformable auxetic reinforcement and the stiff cementitious matrix is unknown. In ACC-3D I aim to fundamentally understand and fully exploit the potential of auxetic cementitious composites by combining design, experiments, and numerical modelling. This will allow me to create innovative cementitious composites with high ductility and energy absorption capacity. The approach developed in ACC-3D will open possibilities for development of designer construction materials, allowing mechanical response of building materials to be tuned through purposefully adjusting their material architecture.

Mots-clés : cementitious composites ductile concrete concrete 3d printing