Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : IncredibleJourneys (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Environmental B iology, Ecology  and E volution
Entité participante : Université de Lund — Pays : Suède — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2602165.75 €

Many animals, including birds, sea turtles and insects, perform spectacular long-distance migrations across the Earth. Remarkably, some of these accurately migrate between highly specific places thousands of kilometres apart, a navigational feat that is barely understood. Such precision navigation requires global compass cues to guide their long journey, and local cues at the destination to signal their arrival. I have discovered that the migratory Australian Bogong moth, with a brain size a tenth that of a rice grain, relies on the Earth’s magnetic field and the stars as global compasses, and on an odour signalling the final destination, to precisely navigate to a place it has never been before – a small alpine cave. The moth’s use of stars for long-range navigation is unique in invertebrates. But how is stellar and magnetic information sensed and integrated neurally to create precision navigation? Indeed, how do animals sense the magnetic field at all? This mystery, and its solution, is one of the greatest “holy grails” of modern sensory biology. With its simple and tractable nervous system, the Bogong moth may hold the key to solving these vexing questions. By tethering flying migratory moths in a flight simulator, and by using electrophysiology to record from sensory neurons in the brain, I will capitalise on our discoveries to make pioneering investigations of how magnetic, stellar and olfactory cues are sensed and integrated to create precise navigation. This will include aiming to identify and physiologically characterise the elusive magnetoreceptor. If I succeed, this will be a sensational discovery, opening the floodgates for international research on this little understood sense. Moreover, our recent advances in how the insect brain steers navigation will allow us to understand how sensory information is integrated to drive directed migration, opening the doors to decades of new research on the neural basis of long-distance precision navigation.

Mots-clés : nocturnal navigation,stellar compass,geomagnetic compass,magnetic sense,vision,olfaction,migration,insect,electrophysiology,behaviour,rna interference,immunohistochemistry,genomics
Projet ERC : MultiFlaQS (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Entité participante : Université Friedrich-Alexander d'Erlangen-Nuremberg — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1450302.0 €

MultiFlaQS aims to develop efficient multifunctional sources of quantum light, namely entangled photon pairs and triplets, and squeezed states, based on ‘flat’ platforms, i.e., ultrathin layers and metasurfaces. The advantages of flat quantum sources (FlaQS) include: (i) small footprint and integrability; (ii) ultrabroadband and ultrafast operation; (iii) the possibility to combine several functionalities in the same device.  Unlike linear and nonlinear ‘flat’ optics, which were developing for almost two decades, FlaQS appeared only recently, and mainly included single-photon sources. A few years ago, also FlaQS of entangled photons emerged; however, their efficiency is low and the advantages of the ‘flat’ geometry are not fully used. Generation of multiphoton quantum states, such as squeezed or graph states, is still a challenge. Most importantly, multifunctional operation has not been demonstrated. MultiFlaQS will make a decisive new step in developing FlaQS, one of paramount importance for quantum photonic technology.  The following objectives are set: - Efficient generation of two-photon states and squeezed states, and their use in quantum sensing; - First-time generation of three-photon states through a direct decay of one photon into three; - Implementation of multiple functionalities: generation of quantum states, their frequency conversion and quantum operations on them. To meet them, the applicant will combine her quantum optics and quantum information expertise, including pioneering steps in developing FlaQS, with recent ideas in nanofabrication design.  As a result, engineering of quantum states of light will be brought to a principally new level. Apart from the compactness, integrability, and broadband operation, FlaQS will be multifunctional and combine generation of quantum states of light with their transformation and frequency conversion. They will enable quantum sensing with subwavelength spatial resolution and subcycle temporal resolution.

Mots-clés : entangled photons,squeezed light,spontaneous parametric down conversion,metasurfaces,subwavelength nonlinear layers,flat optics,liquid crystal
Projet ERC : MesOr (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Texts and Concepts
Entité participante : Trinity College — Pays : Irlande — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2499793.0 €

This project seeks to understand the interplay between writing and orality in Ancient Mesopotamia (c. 3400 BCE – AD 100): what was written down, what circulated only in the oral realm, aThis project seeks to understand the interplay between writing and orality in Ancient Mesopotamia (c. 3400 BCE – AD 100): what was written down, what circulated only in the oral realm, and why. The result will be a cohesive model of orality and writing in Ancient Mesopotamia, which will in turn shed light on ancient societies with less documentation, enabling a much-needed ‘leap forward’ in the study of ancient writing and orality beyond Mesopotamia alone. It will also open up a new sub-field within Mesopotamian studies, and offer new ways of thinking about Mesopotamian writings.  MESOR’s goals will be met by three work packages.  First, it aims to establish the facts about what sort of things were usually written down, and what sort of things were not; and about how this varied across time, place, context, and type of written document.  Secondly, the project aims to interpret and explain the distribution which it identified. To take some simple examples: Why are there no cuneiform graffiti? Why do cuneiform sources hardly mention begging? What did and did not get embraced by the ‘written tradition’? The project will be the first time such questions are addressed in an organic and systematic way. Use will be made of wide-ranging ethnographic parallels. Thirdly, the project will work out the implications and applications of its findings. These extend across all aspects of the lived experience, from administration to education to religion.  The project’s methods will unite traditional close reading with corpus-driven quantitative data analysis, and its investigation will transcend established disciplinary boundaries: it will combine Akkadian and Sumerian philology, the anthropology of reading and writing, the history of literacy studies, orality studies, and socio-cultural history.

Mots-clés : anthropology of writing history of writing orality anthropology of orality history of orality anthropology of literacy mesopotamian studies assyriology
Projet ERC : LEGACIES (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Soci al World and Its Interactions
Entité participante : Trinity College — Pays : Irlande — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 772485.0 €

Human legacies are more important and influential than ever before because the window of opportunity for generational interaction has been greatly extended due to longer life expectancies, and because legacies assume unprecedented importance in a world marked by inequality and environmental degradation. The LEGACIES project arises from my original proposition that legacies are not only posthumous and concern older people and their heirs, but they are dynamic intergenerational processes comprising material and immaterial dimensions. Material legacies (wealth, assets) that are transferred from one generation to the next are growing, greater in volume than ever, and highly influential in shaping life courses. In addition to material inheritance we also leave immaterial legacies (values manifest in actions), the most pressing of these being our environmental legacies. The LEGACIES project will break new ground in understanding the intertwined material and environmental legacies that pass between co-existing generations. My approach is inherently high-risk due to its novelty in straddling multiple generations and the societal and environmental spheres in diverse contexts. The potential scientific gains from this research connect to wide-reaching implications. Shedding light on what drives older generations’ legacy-making practices will allow a better understanding of the dynamics of inequality. Understanding the interconnectedness of environmental and material legacies will elucidate choices such as deciding against having children and their ramifications on inheritance practices. Illuminating how environmental legacies are shaped through generational interaction will better equip us to formulate effective agendas for combating environmental degradation. The LEGACIES project will yield concepts and theory essential for explicating how strategies and practices at the micro level reflect and shape the greatest challenges that humans and the natural environment face.

Mots-clés : legacy,generation,family,inequality,ageing,intergenerational solidarity,environmental degradation,climate change,inheritance,theory building,qualitative methods,environmental legacies,legacies and megatrends,material and immaterial legacies,legacy making,young adults,older adults,parents,grandparents,grandchildren,generational legacies
Projet ERC : EHCI (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : Fondation Jean-Jacques Laffont - Toulouse sciences économiques — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : JJL-TSE
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 921250.0 €

Medical progress over the last century has undoubtedly improved our well-being. However, the equal access to health care and its economic sustainability are challenged by the scientific revolutions of genetics, the nature and extent of new risks and the growing externalities across countries that put at risk the production of health care public goods. The development of new cell and gene technologies holds the potential for creating therapies for conditions like cancers and genetic diseases. However, the associated costs may be prohibitively high. It is crucial to find ways to provide an environment where such innovations are produced in the most efficient and accessible way. Furthermore, the incentives provided by intellectual property protection, which drive innovation, and measures to reduce research and development costs, are vulnerable to international free riding and can be in contradiction with competition policy. The objective of this research program is to conduct policy-relevant analyses that address these challengesand contribute to a better understanding of optimal public policies and regulatory interventions. Several research directions will be pursued focusing on national price regulation. These regulations must consider potential cross-country externalities arising from explicit reference pricing used by regulators, international trade considerations, and the need to collectively finance socially valuable innovations. The exploration of alternative pricing mechanisms, such as indication-based pricing, quantity-based pricing, and exclusivity extension rules, will be undertaken as potential tools to improve efficiency. Moreover, the promotion of pharmaceuticals, both by the private sector and public entities, will be examined. Additionally, the research program will involve the analysis of innovation and competition policies, ranging from drug research and development projects to healthcare markets.

Mots-clés : empirical industrial organization,regulation,innovation,competition,pharmaceuticals,advertising
Projet ERC : JOINEDUPJUSTICE (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Université de Tilbourg — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2299684.0 €

JOINEDUPJUSTICE develops parameters for a coordinated system of global justice at the domestic level. While the project’s focus is on international criminal law (ICL), international refugee law (IRL) is the starting point; it is the metaphorical canary in the coal mine that flags up questions at the heart of ICL.  Many of the domestic prosecutions of international crimes (crimes against humanity, war crimes, genocide) are asylum related. This comes with problems. First, article 1F(a) of the Refugee Convention, (exclusion clause), stipulates that those who are suspected of having committed international crimes are undeserving of protection and should be prosecuted. There is no uniform understanding of ‘undeserving’. At the same time, ICL lacks an overarching policy of who is 'deserving' of prosecution. Many excluded asylum claimants remain unprosecuted and exist in a legal limbo. Second, asylum related prosecutions have a distorting effect. It comes with a focus on low-level and ‘low cost’ defendants (from weak countries). Third, it hampers developing a long-term approach to ICL enforcement. The project consists of 5 work packages and 9 subprojects: (i) through empirical research in 8 focus countries and comprehensive case-analysis it maps who is deserving of prosecution whilst scrutinizing the ‘enemy of mankind’ narrative, ‘no safe haven’ and ‘end to impunity’ goals, (ii) it clarifies the scope of ‘undeserving’ and draws the line between criminal complicity and non-criminal association, addressing the ICL-IRL mismatch that leaves many in limbo, (iii) it proposes a system of ‘jurisdiction designation’ based on subsidiarity and burden-sharing plus a settlement proposal premised on a ‘right to start again’, (iv) allows for policy integration, (v) and synthesises findings into an account of coordinated global criminal justice. The project’s ambition, scope and methodology will lead to a step change in international criminal justice where the future is domestic.

Mots-clés : international criminal law,international crimes,prosecutorial policy,icc,universal jurisdiction
Projet ERC : CoDiBio (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and Processes Engineering
Entité participante : Université Aristote de Thessalonique — Pays : Grèce — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2500000.0 €

Biopharmaceuticals are essential for the medical treatment of diseases like immune deficiencies, cancer, and diabetes, and provide an indispensable component to the health care system worldwide, as showcased by mRNA vaccines in the recent pandemic. Despite this success, manufacturing is still based on traditional, outdated batch production technologies, and on process development procedures based on historical experience and empiricism leading to many inefficiencies, like very long values of time-to-market. There is an urgent need to introduce modern integrated, continuous, and fully digitalized production processes, to also cope with the upcoming cell and gene therapies and the emerging personalized medicine. I develop here revolutionary process development and operation methodologies to enable this. These are based on a Digital Twin, which includes the first continuous, integrated and fully digitalized plant for producing mRNA. The “engine” are innovative hybrid models for each unit of the plant, which are updated on real time through continuous learning techniques. These provide the predictive capabilities needed for monitoring and control, knowledge transfer, scenario analysis and experimental planning. I will develop a new generation of hybrid models and innovative machine learning algorithms and provide the experimental evaluation and validation of my methodologies. Other high precision continuous processes, like flow-chemistry for sustainable catalytic processes or microfluidics for the controlled synthesis of nanomaterials, will benefit from these results. I am a recognised pioneer in the scientific foundations of continuous operation in biopharma. This inspired me in developing this disruptive Digital-Twin-based methodology and cope with the associated high risk. With about 110 PhD students advised in my career and now active in Academia and Industry, I know how to inspire a new generation of scientists with the novel science emerging from this project.

Mots-clés : biopharmaceutical processes biochemical engineering
Projet ERC : STROLL (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Systems and Communication Engineering
Entité participante : Université technique de Munich — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2449676.0 €

Imagine putting on a pair of pants, it feels soft like ordinary clothing fabrics, but unlike any other, this one is made of high-performance robotic soft actuators and soft sensors. This is my vision of future exoskeletons being just like everyday clothing, light, soft, and powerful enough to fully support the wearer. The loss of the ability to walk is devastating for many suffering from stroke, spinal cord injury, and alike. An ergonomic, light-weight exoskeleton can surely help these patients to walk again autonomously. This is challenging due to large gaps between conventional rigid body dynamic-based walking control and soft structures because such an exoskeleton has to integrate high-performance soft mechatronics, to perform walking to an unprecedented extent. I am uniquely qualified to achieve this due to my extensive experience in the fields of robotics and neuroengineering, as well as my leading role in the engineering of world-leading high-performance humanoid robots which incorporate control, modelling, and experimental evaluation. STROLL will develop a soft wearable robotic exoskeleton to restore the walking capability of patients with lower-body paralysis. The soft wearable exoskeleton that I propose to develop will combine ground-breaking innovations in advanced high-performance textile-based actuators, lower-body tactile sensors, and advanced locomotion control. STROLL will investigate new control strategies and methods for tactile-based control for balancing and walking. As its ultimate goal, STROLL will take on the ambition to enable a lower-limb paralysed person to take a stroll in the park with an autonomous soft textile exoskeleton. Despite the methodological difficulties and the uncertainty of the results, the project is more than worth pursuing, as the pay-off is highly significant to benefit the lives of millions of patients suffering from lower-limbs disorders.

Mots-clés : soft exoskeleton
Projet ERC : EFT-XYZ (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental Constituents of Matter
Entité participante : Université technique de Munich — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2312500.0 €

Two decades ago, the eld of strongly interacting particles entered a golden age with the discovery of exotic hadrons labeled as XYZs. The breakthrough fueled a surge in experimental research, uncovering dozens of states that appear to lie outside the conventional quark model, although some still require experimental conrmation. The plethora of new states has sparked intense theoretical investigations into new forms of matter, such as quark-gluon hybrids, mesonic molecules, and tetraquarks, making it one of the most signicant open problems in particle physics. Despite the progress, unresolved patterns of masses, decays, and transitions above open-avor thresholds persist and have deepened the mystery surrounding these exotics. The intriguing details of production and suppression observed in heavy ion collisions elevated the importance of these studies to probe their nature. With EFT-XYZ I intend to develop for the rst time, a comprehensive and unied description of these exotics rooted in quantum eld theory, going beyond existing models. On the basis of scales separation, I construct a general nonrelativistic effective eld theory treatment. Scale factorization introduces systematicity and simplicity allowing model independent predictions. The dynamics contained in the nonperturbative low energy correlators is addressed with new and tailored lattice QCD computational tools. By using an open quantum system framework and lattice QCD input, the effective eld theory can describe the XYZ production in heavy ion collisions. EFT-XYZ is poised to make breakthroughs in calculating the properties, dynamics, and interactions of the XYZ in various environments. It holds the promise to unravel the nature of these new states having impact on both experiments and our understanding of strongly correlated systems, with interdisciplinary implications to other elds. EFT-XYZ success is related to the recent advancement in the aforementioned elds in which I played a pivotal role.

Mots-clés : qcd,strong interactions,effective field theories,nrqcd,nonrelativistic effective field theories,quarkonium,exotics xyz particles,lattice qcd,hadrons,quarkonium in medium,nonequilibrium evolution in a hot qcd medium,open quantum systems and linblad equation