Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : WEALTHTRAJECT (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Soci al World and Its Interactions
Entité participante : Leibniz-Gemeinschaft — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : WLG
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1992264.0 €

WEALTHTRAJECT is the first project to comprehensively and systematically examine diversity in long-term trajectories of wealth accumulation within and between social groups.  Wealth inequality is on the rise in many affluent societies. It is time to move beyond prevailing static snapshots of average wealth inequality between people to understand this trend. Instead, a dynamic perspective on wealth changes experienced by people over their lifetimes is needed. This dynamic perspective reveals how diverse the trajectories of wealth accumulation are, i.e., the degree of trajectory variability.  WEALTHTRAJECT integrates disconnected strands of literature to study how variability in trajectories emerges over time through the interplay of saving and spending of income, receipt of transfers from parents and other family members, and (de-)investment in (un-)profitable assets.  WEALTHTRAJECT addresses four main innovative objectives: (i) to document variability in wealth trajectories over people's lives; (ii) to identify intragenerational drivers of variability in wealth trajectories; (iii) to establish the intergenerational relationships between family background and wealth trajectories; (iv) to collect novel life history data on wealth accumulation trajectories.  To address these objectives, WEALTHTRAJECT innovates by adopting a novel approach emphasising the diverse patterns of wealth gains and losses in people's lives. The project challenges the prevalent idea of a uniform hump-shaped life cycle accumulation pattern in wealth.  WEALTHTRAJECT breaks new ground by combining longitudinal data from surveys and registers and original life history data on wealth that, for the first time, allow the mapping of wealth trajectories over extended periods of people's lives. Advanced quantitative methods are applied to leverage the untapped potential of these data.  WEALTHTRAJECT lays the foundations for a new understanding of wealth inequality to inform relevant social policies.

Mots-clés : wealth,life course,intragenerational mobility,stratification
Projet ERC : DISCO (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Condensed Matter Physics
Entité participante : Forschungszentrum Jülich — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : FZJ
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 493330.0 €

The overall aim of DISCO is to transform our approach to operando atomic scale microscopy, to both probe and manipulate the emergent phases formed inside ferroelectric domain walls during dynamics.  Ferroelectric domain wall topologies are one of the most fascinating objects in condensed matter physics, due to their localised multi-functionality and mobility. Recent advances in characterisation techniques have shown that ferroelectric wall configurations go well beyond the previously accepted Ising-type structure. Néel-, Bloch-, and vortex-like polar patterns have been observed, displaying strong similarities with the spin textures at magnetic walls. This seismic shift in the field of ferroelectrics has initiated a cross disciplinary dimension, connecting the ferroelectrics and magnetism communities. However, research into the exotic orders of the ferroelectric domain walls is still in its infancy, and to date the focus has been on the static properties of the walls.  The dynamics of domain walls is the key advantage of this type of interface for future interactive nano-electronics, and thus it is vital to not just probe the stationary phases. The DISCO team will target the emerging phases formed inside the walls when they are moving. The major roadblock is the lack of experimental detection methods that provide the required resolution and sensitivity. We cannot harness these dynamic functionalities if we do not understand the sub-atomic scale fundamental physics governing their formation.  DISCO will exploit the in-situ electric field of Å-sized electron microscopy probes, thus allowing us to investigate dynamics at the subatomic scale. The crucial goal of this project is detecting and detangling changes in signals of strain, charge and spin produced as the domain walls move. DISCO will introduce viable operando detection schemes for coupled signals within atomic scale interfaces, creating new possibilities in dynamic nano-electronics and future quantum devices.

Mots-clés : atomic engineering,dynamic interfaces,ferroelectric domain walls,multiferroic,emergent phases,emergent functional properties,operando in situ electron microscopy
Projet ERC : ArcHIDep (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and Processes Engineering
Entité participante : École polytechnique de Milan — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : PoliMi
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1998000.0 €

Imagine having unlimited freedom in design and scalable fabrication of engineering components with an almost arbitrary selection of mixed composition, inner spatial arrangement and outer shape; this implies the ability to integrate multiple heterogeneity indexes to selectively adjust a variety of site-specific properties over several length-scales in one single component. To offer this treat, ArcHIDep challenges the traditional (composition-structure-process)-function correlations that currently neglect or are incapable to include the intriguing concept of heterogeneity. ArcHIDep paves the way to understand and exploit the synergistic strengthening mechanisms induced by compositional and architectural heterogeneity to offer unprecedented functionalities. My recent studies confirm the significant potential of solid state powder deposition for obtaining 3D metallic objects with notable structural integrity; I also achieved tunable mechanical properties by tailoring heterogeneity features in micro-nanophase deposits thru this method. Thus, I believe solid state deposition holds the key to add extra degrees of freedom (multi-indexed heterogeneity) to customization of metal-based products, beyond what is currently thought as the limits of engineering. I will outline novel mechanism-based strategies to establish a revolutionary tailored 3D manufacturing scheme that will offer countless uncharted functional opportunities. This is achieved by pairing a versatile and scalable solid state fabrication technique with advanced in-situ micro-mechanical tests and multiscale computational models. Successful implementation of ArcHIDep will give rise to in-depth conceptual developments towards a non-existing framework that enables design and real-time tailoring of compositional and structural complexity. This will be reinforced by inexhaustible recipes of bulk heterogeneity regarding chemical composition, microstructure, fraction and hierarchical arrangement of dissimilar phases.

Mots-clés : solid state deposition,cold spray,additive manufacturing,heterogeneous structures
Projet ERC : Edit-SMM (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention,  Diagnosis and T reatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : Université d'Islande — Pays : Islande — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1998145.0 €

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a bone marrow malignancy that is always preceded by asymptomatic precursor conditions, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) or smoldering MM (SMM). SMM is a more advanced precursor and is associated with a high risk of progression to MM. More than 94% of MM cases are diagnosed when already at the stage of full-blown malignancy and therefore do not benefit from the impact of early treatment. Recent studies indicate a benefit of early treatment but all prior SMM studies are based on patients diagnosed due to other medical issues and are therefore biased. There are important and urgent questions on the role of screening and early treatment in SMM. There is also an unmet need to develop a risk score for progression that considers the biology and genetics of the disease. In Edit-SMM we plan to build on the success from the Iceland Screens, Treats, or Prevents MM (iStopMM) study, where remarkably over 54% of the population (N=80,759) consented to a nationwide screening for MM precursors. It includes clinical evaluation and follow-up, biobanking, cross linking to central health data registries, repeated questionnaires on patient reported outcomes, groundbreaking methods of detection of SMM, and in-depth genetics. Edit-SMM will identify all patients with SMM diagnosed in iStopMM. These will be followed and treated with the global objective of inducing a paradigm shift by improving diagnostics, disease classification, and population implementation of early intervention in MM by detecting and treating MM at a precursor state, hopefully leading to improved quality of life and potentially a cure. The main objectives are to gather knowledge on the epidemiological, clinical, and patient reported outcomes of SMM, perform a unique nationwide early treatment trial, and leverage this unparalleled collection of samples to make major new discoveries on the biology and evolution of SMM.

Mots-clés : smoldering multiple myeloma,mgus,multiple myeloma,screening,randomized clinical trial,patient reported outcomes,population based,flow cytometry,cancer,genetics,phase 2 trial,epidemiology
Projet ERC : PROMENADE (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Compl exity
Entité participante : University School for Advanced Studies - IUSS Pavia — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : IUSS
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1854188.0 €

As the master figure of speech, metaphor is a powerful communicative tool that might nevertheless come with costs for our processing system. Research in different fields has highlighted that a full-fledged metaphor comprehension capacity is a late achievement in development, it may decay as a consequence of several pathological conditions, and it evokes distinctive electrical activity in our brain compared to literal equivalents. However, we still miss a comprehensive framework able to account for all these empirical findings in a unitary fashion, and this despite a vast number of linguistic and cognitive accounts of metaphor. This project will ground on theoretical insights from the pragmatics of language to sketch a novel and comprehensive model of metaphor understanding able to account for neural, developmental, and clinical findings. The leading hypothesis is that metaphor comprehension is an inferential process that involves first adjusting the lexical concepts, and then deriving the implicated -non-literal- meaning. The model also takes into account the multiplicity of metaphor types, which might in turn engage visual images and sensory-motor processes, in line with recent multimodal accounts of lexical and semantic processing. The model will be tested and refined through a series of behavioral and electrophysiological studies employing innovative experimental paradigms and involving neurotypical adults, children, and individuals with psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. This multidisciplinary approach will lead to a significant breakthrough in our understanding of metaphor as the pinnacle of human verbal creativity, in addition to disclosing important aspects for research on language processing, development and decay.

Mots-clés : metaphor experimental pragmatics
Projet ERC : NLO-DM (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental Constituents of Matter
Entité participante : Université de Vienne — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : Uni Wien
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 995898.75 €

Collisions of dark matter (DM) particles with nuclei or with themselves can be accompanied by the prompt production of (dark) Bremsstrahlung quanta or, in matter, by the emission of electrons. The latter is called the Migdal effect, and the former adds a dissipative process to DM self-interactions. Focusing on light, sub-GeV DM candidates, we will advance two fields of central interest to the particle physics community: the direct detection of DM in the laboratory and the DM-assisted formation of structure in the Universe. The first goal is to put recent ideas of prompt photon and electron production in DM-nuclear scattering on firm and undisputable grounds. We do so by new detailed theoretical calculations for the target compounds of direct detection experiments and by devising experimental verification schemes through Standard Model analogs. The results will pioneer how we understand signal formation in DM searches and clarify the reach of state-of-the-art and future DM direct detection experiments. The second goal is to give self-interacting DM with dissipative channels an exact theory embedding. We will provide a new formulation of the Bremsstrahlung process that is exact to all orders in the colliding particle-pair interaction and spans all kinematic situations: soft- and hard-emission, quantum, and semi-classical. The results will apply broadly: from the Standard Model, to particle dark matter, to primordial black hole relics. Astrophysical implications and observational signatures will be established. The findings of these works will increase our chances of discovering DM in the laboratory and the skies and bring us closer in our quest to unravel its non-gravitational nature.

Mots-clés : dark matter direct detection,sub gev dark matter,dissipative dark matter,bremsstrahlung
Projet ERC : RIFT-to-RIM (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Study of the Human Past
Entité participante : Université de Vienne — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Uni Wien
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2710949.0 €

Modern humans (Homo sapiens) evolved in Africa, dispersed into Eurasia, and reached the vast landmass of Sahul (present-day Australia, Papua New Guinea, and Tasmania) by ~60,000 years ago. During this remarkable expansion, interbreeding between H. sapiens and other hominin taxa shaped and redefined our species’ genetic profile. Yet, the scarcity of fossils and ancient molecular data from Africa and Sahul, the starting and ending points of this journey, leave unanswered questions regarding the origins, age, and genetic imprints of the groups venturing from the African homeland, and of those reaching Sahul. RIFT-to-RIM is an ambitious project that builds on the foundation of the PI’s previous ERC work (FINDER) in Asia, and aims to rectify the dearth of fossils and genetic evidence from two under-researched regions of the world, sub-Saharan Africa and Sahul. Through a novel and systematic combination of cutting-edge biomolecular methodologies, a carefully designed workflow targets 21 African and Papuan sites dating to between 200,000-10,000 years ago. To minimise the impact of collagen and DNA degradation the project relies heavily on high-elevation sites, coupled with analytical developments for poorly preserved samples. Thousands morphologically non-diagnostic bones (~180,000) will be assessed non-destructively using Near-infrared spectroscopy, and a fraction of them (~20,000) will be determined taxonomically using palaeoproteomics, primarily ZooMS. Newly identified hominin bones will undergo ancient DNA, dating and isotopic analyses. Sediments from new and previously-excavated sites will be screened for modern human DNA evidence. The RIFT-to-RIM workflow maximizes our chances of identifying, dating, and genetically characterizing early H. sapiens in regions where such data are exceptionally rare. Ultimately the project will generate a wealth of new evidence from key regions of the world and will help decod the intricate mosaic that defines modern humans today.

Mots-clés : palaeolithic biomolecular archaeology human evolution palaeoproteomics
Projet ERC : GenesInSpace (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Environmental B iology, Ecology  and E volution
Entité participante : Université de Vienne — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Uni Wien
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1915829.0 €

Rapid advances in sequencing are making an unprecedented amount of genomic data available from diverse organisms. However, theoretical and statistical frameworks for analysing sequences lag far behind, yet are crucial for identifying functionally important regions of the genome and predicting their contributions to key traits, e.g., disease risk in humans, yield in crops and environmental maladaptation in endangered populations. While numerous tools of genomic prediction, notably Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS), have been developed in recent years, a common and unsolved challenge is to disentangle the effects of different evolutionary processes on genomic variation. In particular, genetic differences between groups of individuals may reflect either natural selection (typically on highly polygenic traits) or spatial population structure (i.e., limited exchange of individuals and genes between geographically distant groups) or both. Moreover, both selection and population structure generate correlations along the genome, making it difficult to pinpoint individual genetic variants that affect traits. To address these challenges, we will develop new theory (based on mathematical analysis and computation) to understand polygenic adaptation across space, focusing on how sequence variation is shaped by: (i) the genetic architecture of selected traits i.e., the numbers, effects and genomic distribution of variants influencing a trait (Aim 1), and (ii) and the spatial distribution of populations (Aim 2). We will build upon this to investigate if/how selection and population structure can be disentangled in GWAS, and how selection affects the power of GWAS and the portability of GWAS findings across different populations (Aim 3). Such theory is essential and timely- both for understanding fundamental evolutionary questions as well as harnessing the full potential of genomics and GWAS for personalised medicine, agriculture and conservation.

Mots-clés : polygenic adaptation,spatial population genetics,gwas,genomic inference
Projet ERC : OTTOMANCORE (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Study of the Human Past
Entité participante : Université de Vienne — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Uni Wien
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1705903.0 €

The OTTOMANCORE project seeks to redefine the understanding of how the Ottoman Empire was governed during its much-debated formative period (14th–16th centuries). It challenges the prevalent statist narrative in historiography that envisages Ottoman rulership as a top-down, preordained construct and proposes a novel regional perspective to examine governance practices from a spatially aware and actor-centered viewpoint. Leveraging a robust analytical foundation that assimilates information from a diverse array of Ottoman and Central European narrative and documentary sources, as well as archaeological data, the project explores the local mechanisms and socio-economic grounding of Ottoman governance. OTTOMANCORE proposes to ‘deconstruct’ the essential constituents of governance and ‘deanonymize’ numerous provincial stakeholders to unearth the grassroots of Ottoman rulership. The project is structured into three interlocking modules. The first is dedicated to developing innovative Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) models and automated data extraction from Ottoman sources. The second module delves into a complex geospatial analysis of diverse data, probing the local governance practices, landholding patterns, and socio-economic dynamics by examining several interrelated components: i) land regime; ii) settlement network; iii) population geography; iv) connectivity and communication; v) revenue distribution. The final module aims to synthesize these findings into a coherent spatial narrative, rearticulating the history of Ottoman governance from a regional standpoint. OTTOMANCORE’s approach, blending history with cutting-edge technology, pushes the boundaries of Ottoman historiography and sets a new standard for empirical research. By challenging existing narratives and introducing novel methodologies, it holds the potential to foster a more nuanced appreciation of Ottoman governance and reshape our understanding of the ruling practices of pre-modern empires.

Mots-clés : ottoman empire balkans land ownership settlement geography landscape archaeology population geography connectivity taxation htr historical gis spatial analysis
Projet ERC : HealthyMom (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Compl exity
Entité participante : Université Eberhard Karl de Tübingen — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1998569.0 €

Pregnancy loss oftentimes yields extensive negative consequences on the mental health of the affected women and their families, yet it is a largely neglected factor in global health. While we have started to gain insights into how pregnancy shapes the female brain toward motherhood, the impact of the abrupt termination of pregnancy on maternal brain plasticity remains largely unknown. Here, I seek to study traces of unwanted terminated pregnancy following early and late pregnancy loss in the female brain, understanding to what degree motherhood associated changes in brain anatomy and function are formed back when a pregnancy is lost. I aim to identify traces and determinants of afflicted mental health in this period of profound vulnerability and (self-)stigmatization. Leveraging my portfolio of expertise in multimodal brain imaging, statistical genetics, and computational psychiatry, the HealthyMom project will acquire unique longitudinal data of the weeks and months following early miscarriage or stillbirth. Specifically, women will undergo repeated brain imaging, hormonal assessment and a comprehensive monitoring of their mental health. I will perform whole genome sequencing, not only of the women but also of their life partners. Together with detailed surveys, this will allow me to uncover how individual brain trajectories relate to environmental levers for mental health maintenance and to genetic risk factors, including genetic effects of the partners on the women. The project will draw on existing big data and advanced computational modelling techniques to chart individual brain imaging patterns in the context of the population norm. As such, HealthyMom offers unprecedented opportunities to understand female-specific brain dynamics and to reveal neurogenetic signatures of mental disorder vulnerability as well as targets for maintaining maternal mental health. It has significant implications for women’s health and (indirectly) the health of future offspring.