Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : Integrating Turkish (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : University of Bristol — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1834423.0 €

For composers in Turkey today, the urge to integrate the beauties of Turkey’s rich musical heritage into contemporary concert music has become almost an imperative. But differences in tuning, texture, and between oral and notated orientations to performance have presented seemingly intractable obstacles. This project systematises practical processes essential for the creation of a new, East-West strand of contemporary music and opera. It initiates cutting-edge research workshops in Istanbul, Holland and the UK to: 1. Train top-level traditional instrumentalists and singers in Turkey effectively to perform a new repertoire; 2. Train top professional Western singers in non-Western techniques and nuances of vocal production; 3. Develop approaches for modelling such music's impacts on Turkish and Western musicians’ adaptive processes in rehearsal and performance, and diverse audiences’ perceptions of such music; 4. Create an ensemble interface (including newly designed instruments) to increase capacity for merging sounds beyond levels now achievable; 5. Produce groundbreaking studies on timbre to provide new insights into how sound is produced; 6. Establish a new template for mapping Eastern and Western tuning systems onto one another. This research, together with an orchestration manual for Turkish sounds will comprise the core of a published (CUP) team-authored e-book, Integrating Turkish Instruments and Voices into Contemporary Music (ITI), with included audio and visual examples linked as an online resource. Looking further, this project’s multi-modal, transdisciplinary approach also suggests a model for probing how the ‘free play’ of the imagination (Kant) possible within processes of art and its creation can provide metaphors towards understanding one of the most urgent and compelling issues of our time: how to transcend cultural barriers (real or imagined) that exist today.

Mots-clés : music,workshops,turkish,transcultural,opera,performance,ethnography,ethnomusicology,musicology,music theory,timbre,tuning,interdisciplinary modalities
Projet ERC : EndoMitTalk (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing
Entité participante : Comunidad de Madrid — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Autres
Financement ERC de l'entité : 298750.0 €

For many years, mitochondria were viewed as semiautonomous organelles, required only for cellular energetics. This view has been displaced by the concept that mitochondria are fully integrated into the life of the cell and that mitochondrial function and stress response rapidly affect other organelles, and even other tissues. A recent discovery from my lab demonstrated that mitochondrial metabolism regulates lysosomal degradation (Cell Metabolism, 2015), thus opening the way to investigate the mechanism behind communication between these organelles and its consequences for homeostasis. With this proposal, we want to assess how mitochondrial crosstalk with endolysosomal compartment controls cellular homeostasis and how mitochondrial dysfunction in certain tissues may account for systemic effects on the rest of the organism. EndoMitTalk will deliver significant breakthroughs on (1) the molecular mediators of endolysosomal-mitochondria communication, and how deregulation of this crosstalk alters cellular (2), and organism homeostasis (3). Our central goals are: 1a,b. To identify metabolic and physical connections mediating endolysosomal-mitochondria crosstalk; 2a. To decode the consequences of altered interorganelle communication in cellular homeostasis 2b. To study the therapeutic potential of improving lysosomal function in respiration-deficient cells; 3a. To assess how unresolved organelle dysfunction and metabolic stresses exclusively in immune cells affects organism homeostasis and lifespan. 3b. To decipher the molecular mediators by which organelle dysfunction in T cells contributes to age-associated diseases, with special focus in cardiorenal and metabolic syndromes. In sum, EndoMitTalk puts forward an ambitious and multidisciplinary but feasible program with the wide purpose of understanding and improving clinical interventions in mitochondrial diseases and age-related pathologies.

Mots-clés : mitochondria,endolysosomal system,interorganelle communication,t lymphocytes,inflammaging,cardiorenal syndrome,metabolic disorder,age associated diseases
Projet ERC : TRANSCALE (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth system science
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1498750.0 €

For more than 30 years, seismologists have used seismic waves to produce 3D images of the structure of the Earth. Despite many successes, a number of key questions still remain, which are of the uttermost importance to understand plate tectonics. What is the nature of the Lithosphere-Asthenosphere Boundary? What is the structure and history of the continental lithosphere? The problem is that different seismic observables sample the Earth at different scales; they have different sensitivity to structure, and are usually interpreted separately. Images obtained from short period converted and reflected body waves see sharp discontinuities, and are interpreted in terms of thermo-chemical stratification, whereas seismic models constructed from long period seismograms depict a smooth and anisotropic upper mantle, and are usually interpreted in terms of mantle flow. However, sharp discontinuities may also produce effective anisotropy at large scales, and only a joint interpretation of different frequency bands can allow to fully localizing the patterns of deformation in the mantle. The proposed work consists in developing and applying an entirely new approach to geophysical data interpretation, where different data types sampling the Earth at different scales are jointly embraced into a single Bayesian procedure. This proposal focuses on theoretical, algorithmic and computational advances needed for a new generation of tomographic models. We will use the large amount of data available in North-America (surface wave measurements, scattered body waves, SKS splitting measurements) to produce a multiscale model under North-America, depicting both discontinuities and anisotropy. This will allow us to answer some crucial questions about the structure and evolution of Earth. We will also produce a first fully Bayesian global Earth model by jointly inverting normal modes, surface and body wave observations.

Mots-clés : seismic tomography,seismic anisotropy,surface waves,receiver functions
Projet ERC : FASTO-CAT (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Physical and analytical chemical sciences
Entité participante : Max Planck Society — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : MPG
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1892500.0 €

For most biologically relevant molecules their chirality is decisive for their function. Within the last two decades asymmetric organo-catalysis has emerged as an environmental benign, metal-free alternative for conventional asymmetric transition metal catalysis. The organo-catalysts, which employ catalyst-substrate interaction motifs commonly found for enzymes, yield unprecedented enantiomeric excesses. Despite the success of these organo-chemical routes, remarkably little is known about the molecular details of the interaction between the catalyst and the substrate. Consequently, there is virtually no rationale method to optimize reaction conditions particularly as related to structure-function relationships. Also the exact nature of the intermediates that induce chirality has remained elusive. The aim of this proposal is to experimentally quantify the formation of reaction intermediates and the nature of intermediate induced chirality that lie at the heart of asymmetric control. This will be achieved by using a combination of advanced spectroscopic techniques. With advanced vibrational spectroscopies (ultrafast two-color and two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy), dielectric spectroscopy, and NMR spectroscopy together with quantum chemical calculations we will quantify structure-dependent interactions: binding geometry, strength of attraction, lifetime of binding, reaction intermediates, and the role of steric repulsion, probed on all timescales relevant to catalytic processes ranging from femtoseconds to seconds. Correlation of such information with the enantiomeric excess obtained in catalytic processes will allow isolating the essential ingredients for stereocontrol. Such molecular-level insights will provide fundamental parameters for optimization of reaction conditions and will initiate the transition from a trial and error approach towards a rational design of new catalytic processes.

Mots-clés : asymmetric catalysis,organo catalysis,stereocontrol,hydrogen bonding,ion pairing,dielectric,spectroscopy,two dimensional infrared spectroscopy,ultrafast spectroscopy,terahertz
Projet ERC : ChemoTaxi (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions
Entité participante : Diamond Light Source — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1781133.0 €

For nearly six decades, chemotaxis - a ubiquitous biological behaviour enabling the movement of a cell or organism toward or away from chemicals -has served as a paradigmatic model for the study of cellular sensory signal transduction and motile behavior. The relatively simple chemotaxis machinery of E. coli is the best understood signal transduction system and serves as a powerful tool for investigating the molecular mechanisms that proteins use to detect, process, and transmit signals. The sensory apparatus of E. coli cells is an ordered array of hundreds of basic core signalling units consisting of three essential components, the transmembrane chemoreceptors, the histidine kinase, and the adaptor protein. The core units further assemble into a two-dimensional lattice array which allows cells to amplify and integrate many varied and possibly conflicting signals to locate optimal growing conditions. To understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of chemosensory array assembly, activation and high cooperativity, it is essential to determine the precise interactions between the core signalling components in the context of the array. We propose to use a combination of cutting-edge cryoET structural methods and multi-scale molecular simulations, as well as in vivo functional assays, to investigate the structural and dynamical mechanisms underlying signal transduction and regulation. The research plan is divided into three aims: 1. Determine the structural basis of signal transduction and array cooperativity 2. Define conformational states and dynamics of the array 3. Obtain time-resolved structural snapshots of signalling pathway Our results will establish, in atomistic detail, the chemotaxis signalling pathway that is shared by diverse chemotactic species, including a wide-range of human and plant pathogens, thus impact on multiple disciplines, from antimicrobial drug development to understanding responses to hormones and neurotransmitters in eukaryotic cells.
Projet ERC : OPTORETINA (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : Sorbonne Université — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : Sorbonne U
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 366866.25 €

For patients suffering from inherited retinal diseases (IRDs), gene and cell therapies offer hope of preserving or restoring vision. Retinal imaging is crucial, to first phenotype patients to determine which cells are degenerated and devise an appropriate therapeutic path; then in the lab for cell therapy development, and finally back in the clinic to monitor therapeutic success in patients who have been treated with gene or cell therapy. To date, the imaging tools used in the clinic do not provide sufficient resolution for visualizing individual cells non-invasively, constituting a major roadblock for the development of gene and cell therapies. My group develops novel optical imaging tools for noninvasive cellular imaging such as full field optical coherence tomography (FFOCT), an interferometric technique, and adaptive optics ophthalmoscopy (AOO), which corrects ocular aberrations, to achieve diffraction limited resolution of in vivo retina. Recently we also devised a dynamic FFOCT method to detect metabolic contrast using intracellular organelle motion to indicate cell activity. These new noninvasive, all optical tools have the potential to provide, for the first time, simultaneous subjective and objective retinal function measurements. Here, I propose to adapt these existing optical setups based on dynamic FFOCT and AOO to allow retinal stimulation with visible light to enable functional testing of i) patients with IRDs in order to evaluate surviving cells and orient their therapy path; ii) in vitro retinal organoids derived from induced pluripotent stem cells; ii) patients being treated in our clinical centre with novel gene and cell therapies to check that vision is being successfully preserved or restored. The new imaging methods developed here will achieve quantitative functional assessment of cellular activity in vivo and in vitro, lifting the major imaging obstacles for successful application of gene and cell therapies in the clinic.

Mots-clés : ophthalmology,inherited retinal disease,optical coherence tomography,adaptive optics,scanning laser ophthalmoscopy,gene cell optogenetic therapies,microscopy,live imaging,retinal organoids,optoretinography,perimetry
Projet ERC : FORWARD (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering
Entité participante : Technical University of Munich — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TUM
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1965293.0 €

Forest ecosystems around the globe are undergoing rapid reorganization. The unabated continuation of climate change, the accelerating rate of alien species introductions, and the precipitous loss of biological diversity are altering the structure and composition of forest ecosystems. As a consequence, novel ecosystems are emerging. However, the trajectories to novelty and the consequences thereof remain widely unknown. This limits the ability of forest policy and management to counteract undesired developments and safeguard the supply of ecosystem services to society. Here I will investigate the causes and consequences of reorganization in forest ecosystems. I will use a concerted combination of complementary methodological approaches to understand why reorganization takes place, when and where reorganization is likely to happen, and what impacts reorganization will have on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Replicated experiments will be conducted both in the field and in walk-in climate chambers to answer whether compounding climatic extremes could result in bottlenecks of forest regeneration. A next-generation forest landscape model will be developed to investigate how invasive alien species alter forest development. Based on these insights the FORWARD project will derive operational early warning indicators of reorganization, and test their generality and applicability in the field for landscapes on three continents. Subsequently, a machine-learning aided synthesis of big datasets will be used to compile the first map of global hotspots of forest reorganization. Finally, robust management strategies for addressing reorganization will be developed. Jointly studying the effects of global change on tree mortality and regeneration across scales, the FORWARD project will bring about a new level of understanding of forest change, and will provide the data, tools and strategies to tackle one of the most pressing challenges of current forest policy and management.

Mots-clés : forest dynamics,tree mortality,tree regeneration,global change,forest management,tipping points,climatic extremes,early warning
Projet ERC : SMART (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer science and informatics
Entité participante : Universität Innsbruck — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1449000.0 €

Formal proof technology delivers an unparalleled level of certainty and security. Nevertheless, applying proof assistants to the verification of complex theories and designs is still extremely laborious. High profile certification projects, such as seL4, CompCert, and Flyspeck require tens of person-years. We recently demonstrated that this effort can be significantly reduced by combining reasoning and learning in so called hammer systems: 40% of the Flyspeck, HOL4, Isabelle/HOL, and Mizar top-level lemmas can be proved automatically. Today's early generation of hammers consists of individual systems limited to very few proof assistants. The accessible knowledge repositories are isolated, and there is no reuse of hammer components. It is possible to achieve a breakthrough in proof automation by developing new AI methods that combine reasoning knowledge and techniques into a smart hammer, that works over a very large part of today's formalized knowledge. The main goal of the project is to develop a strong and uniform learning-reasoning system available for multiple logical foundations. To achieve this, we will develop: (a) uniform learning methods, (b) reusable ATP encoding components for different foundational aspects, (c) integration of proof reconstruction, and (d) methods for knowledge extraction, reuse and content merging. The single proof advice system will be made available for multiple proof assistants and their vast heterogeneous libraries. The ultimate outcome is an advice system able to automatically prove half of Coq, ACL2, and Isabelle/ZF top-level theorems. Additionally we will significantly improve success rates for HOL provers and Mizar. The combined smart advice method together with the vast accumulated knowledge will result in a novel kind of tool, which allows working mathematicians to automatically find proofs of many simple conjectures, paving the way for the widespread use of formal proof in mathematics and computer science.

Mots-clés : proof assistants,premise selection,automated reasoning,logical encodings,proof advice
Projet ERC : EpiCellLineage (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Cellular, Developmental and Regenerative Biology
Entité participante : UK Research and Innovation — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UKRI
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2351249.0 €

Formation of the three primary germ layers during gastrulation is an essential step in the establishment of the vertebrate body plan. Single cell RNA-sequencing has identified major transcriptional changes associated with germ layer specification. Global epigenetic reprogramming accompanies these changes, but the role of the epigenome in regulating early cell fate choice is poorly understood. We are systematically charting this important developmental progression by single cell multi-omics, tracking simultaneously the transcriptome, DNA methylome and chromatin accessibility. We find that promoters or enhancers of lineage specific genes are epigenetically primed at early developmental stages to safeguard their future transcriptional activation. We have identified DNA binding proteins needed for multi-lineage priming of regulatory elements prior to gastrulation. Here, we will determine the molecular mechanisms of epigenetic priming, and the functional consequences of faulty priming in lineage and organ development. The first objective addresses how the DNA binding proteins DPPA2,4 target chromatin bivalency (H3K4me3 and H3K27me3) to developmental gene promoters, and the consequences of bivalency loss in vivo. The second objective characterises neuroectoderm enhancer priming which occurs already in the early epiblast, and identifies DNA binding proteins and chromatin complexes which prime these enhancers, preparing them for future gene activation. The third objective uses large-scale combinatorial epigenetic editing of promoters and enhancers in vitro and in vivo to determine their impact on cell fate decisions in gastrulation and early organogenesis. This ambitious programme of work will provide fundamental insights into how the epigenetic landscape in early development impacts cell differentiation. Our discoveries will inform strategies for ES or iPS cell based regenerative medicine, and improve our understanding of how developmental disorders arise in humans.

Mots-clés : epigenetics,epigenome,single cell multi omics,gastrulation,cell fate,enhancers,promoters,bivalency,transcription,dna methylation,epigenetic editing,early mammalian development,chromatin
Projet ERC : RapidLearningBrain (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Complexity
Entité participante : Tel Aviv University — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TAU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1998375.0 €

Four decades ago, studies have started pointing to sensory plasticity in the adult visual system, documenting surprising improvements in perception. Such perceptual learning is enabled by repeated practice, inducing use-dependent plasticity in early visual areas and their readouts. But is this the only route, or do other forms of more economic learning exist? My rationale is inspired by two distinct lines of evidence: reducing practice can counteract suppressive processes such as visual adaptation, and frameworks originating from rodent studies showing that reactivation of existing memories can enable their modification. This project aims to challenge the fundamental assumption in perceptual learning that only 'practice makes perfect', hypothesizing that brief reactivations of visual memories induce efficient rapid perceptual learning, mediated by increased interactions between early-visual and high-level regions. The objectives of RapidLearningBrain are: (1) To reveal the neurobehavioural mechanisms by which brief exposure to learned information modulates brain plasticity and supports rapid learning, using psychophysics and fMRI-neuronavigated brain stimulation (TMS), with recent behavioural proof of principle provided by my lab (Nature Neuroscience, 2017). (2) To understand the links to consolidation and sleep dynamics. (3) To identify how these novel mechanisms interact across learning disciplines, using closed-loop TMS-EEG modulating interactions between early-visual and high-level regions. (4) To test the hypothesis that similar inherent mechanisms may also result in maladaptive consequences in other domains, when brief reactivations occur spontaneously as intrusive enhanced memories following negative events. Unravelling the mechanisms of this new form of rapid learning could reshape learning theories across domains, setting the foundations to enhance learning in daily life when beneficial, and to downregulate maladaptive consequences of negative memories.

Mots-clés : visual perception,perceptual learning