Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : NanoAtom (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental Constituents of Matter
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 287500.0 €

The coupling of cold atoms to nanophotonic devices has recently opened a variety of novel opportunities for controlling light-matter interactions. Tailored dispersion relations offer unique features beyond conventional settings. In particular, photonic-crystal waveguides enable tight transverse confinement of the propagating light, strong atom-photon coupling in single pass and tunable long-range atom-atom interactions. While this research area is extensively studied theoretically, experimental progress has been much more modest. This project aims at turning the emerging neutral-atom waveguide-QED paradigm into a mature field.  The primary challenge will be to develop a versatile apparatus where ensembles of cold atoms can be trapped in the proximity of slow-mode photonic-crystal waveguides, using a specific material, original structure designs and novel atom-delivery techniques. The main project objectives are then threefold:  - The demonstration of deterministic photon-photon interaction in a lossless single-pass configuration and its application to efficient quantum state engineering - The realization of multiphoton-state engineering via atomic entangled states and subradiant and superradiant dynamics. - The exploration of a novel “bandgap physics” uniquely accessible with the developed photonic-crystal platform for strong atom-atom and photon-photon interactions.  The successful realization of the project based upon the interdisciplinary interface of cold atoms and nanoscale waveguides could elevate this approach to a new route for strongly interacting photons and atoms, with unique possibilities for integrated quantum technologies, quantum non-linear optics as well as for many-body quantum physics.

Mots-clés : waveguide qed,quantum non linear optics,cold atoms,atomic ensembles,quantum nanophotonics
Projet ERC : LiTra (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Compl exity
Entité participante : Multilab as — Pays : Norvège — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : MULTILAB
Type d'entité : Organismes privés (hors enseignement)
Financement ERC de l'entité : 37500.0 €

We know remarkably little about the early history that formed the known European languages and cultures. While advances in genetics have led to new debates about population histories, they cannot tell us about the languages spoken. In the absence of written records, language appears ephemeral: changes through time seemingly erase all traces of earlier speech, leaving only abstract ‘proto-languages’ to be reconstructed.  Such erasures are not, however, complete, as language change always leaves behind a tail of residual forms. Very little research has dealt with the low-frequency variation that forms part of all natural language, even though it is known that residual forms are often resistant to change and may show stable geographical patterns. This project explores the potential of such patterns to provide linguistic ‘fingerprints’ allowing the reconstruction of much earlier linguistic configurations. It also addresses the general question of low-frequency variation as a carrier of meaning: how can the systematic study of minor variants refine current views of linguistic variation and change?  We will study the spread and interactions of linguistic and cultural groups in early England − Celtic, Scandinavian and West Germanic − through geographically coherent patterns of minority variants (‘micro-patterns’) in a set of historical, purpose-built text corpora. Such an approach has not been attempted before, and is made possible by the combination of philological expertise and the development of corpus annotation methods based on deep learning technology. The project is expected to lead to a breakthrough in the study of linguistic variation, where small-scale patterning has largely been ignored. Linguistic traces, combined with the findings of archaeology and genetics, are expected to form a powerful means of reconstructing the past, throwing light on past linguistic areas and interactions as well as on the maintenance of local and regional identities.

Mots-clés : language contact,language change,linguistic variation,medieval history,mapping,populations,onomastics,celtic languages,old norse,old english,dialectology,low frequency variation
Projet ERC : Perla (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Condensed Matter Physics
Entité participante : Université de Bordeaux — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UBx
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 28075.0 €

The PERLA project aims at developing electrically conductive fluids containing rod-like particles. Their novelty is based on the formation of dynamical system-spanning networks in fluid flow. It is well established that rod-like particles do not simply align, but do tumble and rotate in shear or elongational flow. However, the consequences of this tumbling on the percolation and electrical conductivity of suspensions are still unknown. This behaviour is expected to promote collisions and electrical connectivity throughout the suspension. PERLA will validate this fundamental hypothesis, and provide thereby new concepts for the development of conductive fluids with low viscosity, high and tunable conductivity. Systems of carbon nanotubes and short carbon fibers will be used as conductive Brownian and non-Brownian rods. They will be processed and optimized based on the longstanding expertise of the investigators in carbon chemistry and fiber processing. The structure, rheological and electrical properties of the suspensions will be characterized in depth in various flow conditions, from dilute to concentrated regimes. The latter will be of particular interest with the formation of liquid crystalline phases in which tumbling is also well established. The basic knowledge gained in PERLA will be exploited in examples of applications, including flow capacitors, capacitive water desalination and soft electronic sensors and vibrational energy harvesters. These applications are particularly promising regarding energy and environmental issues. However, they are currently limited by the use of highly viscous slurries made of spherical particles, or of heavy and poorly stable liquid metals. The fluids in PERLA will circumvent these limitations, and provide new degrees of freedom due to original effects related to their response to oscillatory pressures, or presence of particles of different sizes.

Mots-clés : percolation,liquid crystals,flowable electrodes,carbon,nanotubes,fibers
Projet ERC : DESTOP (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Immunity, Infection and I mmunotherapy
Entité participante : Institut Pasteur — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 970000.0 €

Before the antibiotic era chances of survival to bacterial meningitis were minimal. Nevertheless, nearly 100 years later, surprisingly little progress has been made and mortality rates currently remain unacceptably high (10-25%). Supported by clinical and experimental data, the central concept of the Destop project is that bacteria rapidly become insensitive to antibiotics during infection, which leads to treatment failure. We hypothesize that the emergence of such antibiotic insensitivity results from vascular colonization by Neisseria meningitidis i.e. when the bacteria adhere to the surface of the endothelium, proliferate and progressively occlude the vessel lumen. We propose to explore the mechanisms underlying four steps of vascular colonization that potentially alter bacterial sensitivity to antibiotics: (i) bacterial adhesion to the endothelium and auto-aggregation; (ii) colonization dependent changes in bacterial physiology, (iii) bacteria-induced plasma membrane deformation shielding adhering bacteria, and (iv) bacteria-triggered intravascular coagulation. For this, we will develop a multidisciplinary approach that involves: an in vivo humanized mouse model and innovative microfluidic devices - vessel-on-a-chip model and a bacterial confinement chamber. The Destop project will not only provide novel mechanistic insights in the meningitis pathogenesis process and allow to develop novel strategies to combat bacterial meningitis but also have broader impact by providing a better understanding of how tissues, as a context for infections, reduce the efficiency of treatment of numerous other bacterial pathogens.

Mots-clés : this project is highly multidisciplinary and is related to several fields,immunology,microbiology,structural biology,physiology and biophysics
Projet ERC : SInfoNiA (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : London School of Economics and Political Science — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : LSE
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 0.0 €

In a world saturated with data, the role of information as a coordination device for economic activity is more and more central, and impacts phenomena such as financial crises, currency attacks and social stability. Although the importance of information as a driving force is well established, current models of coordination and robustness are limited to the restricted class of binary actions supermodular games. Following recent methodological advances of the PI as a proof of concept, the project offers a model of strategic types that will define the role of information in general strategic situations. Our methodology diverges from the conventional approach by reframing all information in relation to the game under study. Rather than considering information description as a distinct entity separate from the game itself, our approach centers on strategically relevant information within a particular, predetermined game context.  SInfoNiA will create new foundations for the analysis of information in economics, and delve into new positive and normative implications of the theory as described in 7 work packages (WP).  The first 4 WPs are methodological, they provide a model of strategic types for a wide array of games (WP1), develop new avenues to the measure and value of information (WP2), unify strategic types with global games information structures (WP3), and offer algorithms that will allow for wide applicability and dissemination of the methods (WP4). WP5 utilizes these methods to expand the global games frontier and to analyze new models of financial stability, while WP6 will offer a broad analysis of the robustness of economic outcomes, including in trade and financial networks. WP7 takes a normative approach and provides joint design of information structures and incentives that efficiently implement desirable outcomes. It offers informational interventions to bring on changes in social norms, in particular in gender inequality.

Mots-clés : information structures,bayesian games,robust economic predictions,information design,global games,higher order beliefs
Projet ERC : REPRO-SCAPES (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Soci al World and Its Interactions
Entité participante : Université Ben Gourion du Néguev — Pays : Israël — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : BGU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 217500.0 €

The global assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) market is expected to reach USD 45 billion by 2025 with more than 8 million babies born. Europe dominates the market followed by North-America and Asia. However more than half of European states and most countries in the Americas and Asia prohibit access to ARTs to solo individuals, same-sex couples and heterosexual couples who need donated eggs, embryos or surrogacy. It is a prime example of contemporary technological transnationalism with potential parents pursuing treatment abroad in the hopes of conception. As ARTs spread to populations that have not had access to them before, how is reproduction being transformed by technologies and individuals whose sexual and reproductive lives may defy social norms and national laws? Due to biotechnologies and the populations who seek ARTs a new theoretical framework for cross-border reproductive care is necessary. The overarching aim is to study the question of ARTs, new family-forms and transnationalism in three ways: Firstly by exploring how the transnational circulations of ARTs, bodily material and ideas take form in three continents: Europe, North-America and the Middle-East (multi-sited ethnography). The second is through the ethnographic approach of analysis of specific locations, examining how technologies, genetic flow and ideas come to settle in four countries, leaders in ARTs and sexual and reproductive health rights (single-site ethnographies): Spain, Denmark, Canada and Israel. Thirdly, by studying the complexity and intersection of the biological, social, politico-legal and ideological between new family-forms and ARTs, and how these intersections shape their experiences. I am uniquely positioned to implement this study due to my pioneering scholarship on ARTs and new family-forms from a strong interdisciplinary stance and solid experience of managing international teams, bringing together divergent empirical contexts for ground-breaking research.

Mots-clés : assisted reproductive technologies,new family forms,transnationalism,spain,denmark,canada,israel
Projet ERC : NFITSC (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer Science and Informatics
Entité participante : Université Ben Gourion du Néguev — Pays : Israël — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : BGU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 135000.0 €

Information-theoretic secure computation is a general-purpose technique for processing sensitive data without compromising its confidentiality or integrity even in the presence of a computationally-unbounded all-powerful adversary. This notion plays an important role in cryptography, both as a stand-alone object and as a tool for computational constructs. Despite its increasing importance, we have a very limited understanding of the *intrinsic complexity* of information-theoretic security, and some of the most central feasibility questions in this area have remained open for more than three decades.  In this proposal, we aim to decipher the power and limitations of this notion. We will focus on three main objectives. First, we aim to improve the complexity of general *secret sharing schemes* and exploit such improvements towards realizing highly-efficient general-purpose zero-knowledge proofs. The second objective is to explore the complexity of Secure Non-Interactive Reductions and Multiparty Randomized Encoding -- a powerful generalization of information-theoretic garbled circuits that was recently presented by the PI. The third objective is to expand our theoretical understanding of constant-round information-theoretic protocols, optimize their round complexity, and study their concrete and asymptotic computational complexity.  Being part of several recent exciting developments in these areas, we believe that it is now possible to make progress in some of these basic open problems. The suggested research will bridge across different regions of computer science such as coding theory, cryptography, and computational complexity. It is expected to impact central problems in cryptography, while enriching the general landscape of theoretical computer science.

Mots-clés : secure multiparty computation,secret sharing,information theoretic cryptography
Projet ERC : DATAROUTES (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Université Paris 8 — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Paris VIII
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2499587.0 €

The Internet has been able to grow and develop very quickly in most countries because of its highly decentralized nature. Its resilience is based on a multiplicity of different paths that allow data to always bypass a blockage or a partial destruction of the network through alternative routes. This model is today called into question by a combination of dynamics. First, we observe a dynamic of fragmentation along national borders, at the initiative of some states who, in the name of national security, seek to restore control over the borders of what they see as their national cyberspace. Second, at a higher level of abstraction, we observe another dynamic, this time guided by market forces: the concentration of data traffic around a few major players in data routing and a few large platforms. Largely invisible, this concentration also leads to a form of fragmentation along commercial lines. These evolutions raise important issues in terms of cyber stability, resilience, free flow of data and human rights, that are largely overlooked short of scientific knowledge about the geopolitics of Internet data routes. DATAROUTES aims to carry out a cartography of Internet data routes in order to understand how the routing strategies of state and non-state actors shape cyberspace and to analyze, as a domain of application, the important security and policy issues it raises for the European Union. The goals of this project are to measure and map Internet routes using open source data, thanks to DATAROUTES’ Border Gateway Protocol observatory; investigate through field work the strategic goals of state and non-state actors uncovered by the cartography; and analyze the broader policy issues they raise for the European Union in the context of the implementation of the 2020 Cybersecurity Strategy for a Digital Decade. DATROUTES will provide a platform for open access to its data and methodologies in order to encourage a new stream of research on the geopolitics of data routing.

Mots-clés : geopolitics,border gateway protocol,internet measurements,data routing,cyberspace,cartography
Projet ERC : Outer-Ret (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Systems and Communication Engineering
Entité participante : Université de Tel Aviv — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TAU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2500000.0 €

Retinal implants remain one of the most demanding technologies in brain-machine interfacing. State of the art devices have yet to reach the needed performances. Main barriers are sub-optimal stimulation parameters and long development and testing procedures. While invasive approaches, have yet to achieve the resolution performances needed by million of patients blinded by retinal degenerative diseases, non-invasive approaches in the form of trans-orbital stimulation have received no attention, yet they offer potentially dramatically cheaper and easy to adapt and optimize technology. The main goal of this project is to advance the field of retina neurostimulation by developing new tools for the study and interfacing with the retina. In particular: (1) Bi-directional electrophysiological interface which can record and stimulate the intact retina (in the eye) and (2) soft multi-electrode arrays for non-invasive stimulation of the retina (soft trans-orbital electrodes) will be explored. We will use these tools to study the retina in its intact form (in animal models) and we will implement the gained know-how in humans to study non-invasive stimulation. In this project we will establish a new platform for bi-directional electrophysiological interfacing with the intact retina and we will use it to study the retina in its intact form. Such investigations have ground breaking nature as they can advance both the fundamental understanding of the retina and improve the manner by which we stimulate the retina to generate artificial vision: Specifically, we aim to record spontaneous waves activity and light sensitive ganglion cells, optimize electrical stimulation parameters in the intact retina, and ultimately to measure retina responses to trans-orbit stimulation. As the ultimate goal of the project, we aim to establish the foundation of trans-orbital stimulation as a new non-invasive paradigm for functional vision in patient suffering from retina degenerative diseases.

Mots-clés : neural interfaces,neuro engineering,retinal implants,soft electrodes,micro electrode arrays
Projet ERC : BeyondGenderBinary (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Soci al World and Its Interactions
Entité participante : Université de Tel Aviv — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TAU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2446001.0 €

The ultimate goal of this project is to free science and society from the unfounded dogma of sex categories as all-encompassing dichotomies, and to promote a world in which the male-female categories are restricted to the domains in which they have been shown to play a central role (e.g., reproductive medicine), rather than a-priori assumed to do so (e.g., mind and brain). According to the modern normative view of sex and gender (the ‘gender binary’), each of two biological sexes (male/female) is associated with a typical, coherent gender identity (man/woman), sexual attraction towards the ‘other’ sex, a set of psychological and behavioral characteristics (masculinity/femininity), and the neural substrates on which these rely (‘male’/‘female’ brains). In the past decade I led a scientific research project challenging the binary view of human brains. Using diverse analytical tools, we discovered that brains are not ‘female’ or ‘male’ but rather comprised of unique ‘mosaics’ of female-typical and male-typical features. On the basis of the mosaic framework, the multi-level analysis tools we developed, and my expertise in psychology, the proposed research project will use self-reports and indirect measures to collect rich data from large and diverse samples on the four psychological components of the gender binary (psychological characteristics, gender identity, attitudes towards the sexed body, and sexuality) and their interrelations to discover how they are best described when freed from the dogmatic binary framework. Focusing also on the experiences of presumably ‘typical’ populations (i.e., cisgender, heterosexual individuals) we will map variability in domains assumed to be homogenous and advance thinking about nonconformity as a matter of diversity rather than pathology. More broadly, the proposed research project will undermine the ancient categorization of humans into men and women and the unjust gendered social order this categorization helps maintain.

Mots-clés : gender,gender binary,gender identity,sexuality