Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : GOAT (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : Université de Rennes — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UNIVRENNES
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 270026.25 €

During the last decade, spectacular achievements have been performed in the study of groups of birational transformations of algebraic varieties. We now have a detailed understanding of such groups in dimension 2. Far less is known in higher dimensions, but the last five years saw the birth of a large array of techniques that apply in arbitrary dimensions. They include powerful tools from p-adic analysis, isometries of CAT(0) cube complexes, pluripotential theory, and algebraic geometry. Simultaneously, recent arithmetic equidistribution theorems have been combined with holomorphic dynamics to solve problems of unlikely intersection in the dynamics of polynomial maps and to study parameter spaces of such maps. The novelty of this proposal will be to combine these recent advances coming from two active sujects.  I propose to develop a global study of groups of algebraic transformations of higher dimensional varieties, both from the dynamical and the algebro-geometric viewpoints. I have been developing this program progressively during the last ten years. Moving to higher dimensions is crucial to broaden the range of applications and is now possible with the advances mentioned above.  The first leitmotif will be the large scale geometry of groups of birational transformations. The second will be the dynamics of natural actions of such groups on families of geometric objects, notably on families of rational surfaces and on character varieties. There a three long term goals: (a) to extend some of the geometric features of linear groups to all groups acting faithfully by algebraic transformations (this includes the mapping class groups of closed surfaces, for instance); (b) to compare the geometry of distinct (rationally connected) varieties through a comparison of their groups of birational transformations; (c) to get new properties of families of geometric objects (such as rational surfaces) via dynamics in their parameter or Teichmüller spaces.

Mots-clés : group theory
Projet ERC : CONFINED (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Soci al World and Its Interactions
Entité participante : VIVE - The Danish Center for Social Science Research — Pays : Danemark — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : VIVE
Type d'entité : Organismes publics (hors enseignement & recherche)
Financement ERC de l'entité : 127513.75 €

CONFINED will develop and validate an innovative, comparative, and global research agenda of confined lives. Confinement is a ubiquitous and unequally distributed human condition. While confinement sometimes can be protective, for some groups, not least the displaced on dangerous roads, the marginalized in urban slums and the detained in prisons, it can be a damaging experience linked to violence and inequality. With an empirical point of departure in different contexts across the global north and south, known to produce a variety of confined lives, CONFINED explores, 1) how certain people’s lives are rendered confineable; 2) how confineable groups and networks navigate discursive, actual, and potential practices of confinement, and 3) how and to what extent the concept of confined lives can transform our understanding of the practices and experiences of confinement across global divides in ways that drive theoretical innovation and help build new agendas for social justice. Through three interdependent and sequentially organized work packages, CONFINED proposes to explore confined lives contextually and ethnographically across the global North and South (WP1); to compare what confines people, how they make sense of their confined lives, and how they navigate confinement (WP2), and to conceptually develop and validate the approach through engagement with academics and experts locally and globally (WP3). CONFINED will carry out comparative, ethnographic field work to follow precariously situated translocal family network across four contexts as a privileged lens to understanding confined lives at the intersection of dangerous journeys, urban slums and prisons and camps: Denmark and Lebanon; South Africa and Malawi; Thailand and Myanmar and the UK and Sierra Leone. This will allow CONFINED to reframe the empirical field of confined lives and to generate a new conceptual language to understand one of the most important drivers of inequality world-wide.

Mots-clés : displacement,urban marginality,incarceration,family and kinship,state and non state violence
Projet ERC : CLIMATE-Arch (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Texts and Concepts
Entité participante : Académie autrichienne des sciences — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ÖAW
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1986871.5 €

The majority of the world’s population still live in vernacular buildings which are based on local knowledge. Climate has a significant impact on the use and evolution of local building techniques and building design. CLIMATE-Arch will focus on the processes involved in the transformation of local building techniques caused by climate and climate change. A wide range of local material resources and natural environmental conditions, and the effects of climate change, produce various kinds of technical adaptations. CLIMATE-Arch will explore these transformations and their drivers at the level of both building technology and building design, focusing on two regions in Eurasia that use a range of local building technologies. Most previous research on the impact of climate change has taken a mono-disciplinary approach, in the main not considering the processes responsible for the evolution and transformation of buildings, which principally stem from the inextricable link between material and environmental conditions. CLIMATE-Arch will break new ground by examining the factors that trigger vernacular transformation through a climate lens, combining climate research and the disciplines of architecture, engineering, natural environmental sciences and sociology. As the project will examine vernacular changes expected as a result of predicted climate change, the results will remain relevant long after the conclusion of the work. In the long term, the research of CLIMATE-Arch will be indispensable both for producing accurate scientific accounts and for establishing standards to balance conservation and modernization. The PI’s extensive multi-disciplinary scientific experience makes him eminently qualified to lead CLIMATE-Arch and to coordinate the team of post-docs, PhD students and research assistant based at the Austrian Academy of Sciences’ Institute for Social Anthropology (ISA).

Mots-clés : rural studies,vernacular architecture
Projet ERC : HOPE (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth System Science
Entité participante : Institut de recherche pour le développement — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : IRD
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2493821.0 €

Diazotrophs regulate marine productivity in 60% of our oceans by alleviating nitrogen limitation, contributing to carbon (C) sequestration through the N2-primed Prokaryotic C Pump (PCP). Yet we don’t know how much diazotroph-derived organic C (OC) is exported to the deep ocean, which prevents robust predictions of how the ocean contributes to CO2 sequestration and climate change mitigation. This knowledge gap is due to the multiple and complex pathways by which diazotrophs are exported to the deep ocean, which quantification and drivers of variability are impossible to capture with current methods. HOPE will bridge this gap thanks to a new isotopic technique I developed and to a coupling between lab and in situ approaches examining processes occurring at different spatiotemporal scales, and capable of capturing both transient and seasonal features of the PCP. HOPE will: 1.Determine how various diazotrophs aggregate, sink and are remineralized by using an automated experimental water column I designed for this proposal 2.Decipher by which pathways diazotroph-derived OC is exported to the deep ocean thanks to a pioneer approach combining single-cell isotopic analyses, in-depth microbiological characterization of sinking particles and geochemical budgets 3.Investigate how environmental drivers control the whole process, from the surface diazotroph community up to their eventual export to the deep ocean, by deploying a cutting-edge autonomous platform, unique as it performs synoptic measurements both in and below the euphotic zone at high resolution (hourly/daily). In its final stage, HOPE will use the generated data to provide global, spatially resolved estimates of the contribution of diazotrophs to overall OC export. Based on my expertise at the interface between microbial oceanography and geochemistry, HOPE has the potential to deliver a multidisciplinary and ground-breaking knowledge leading to potential scientific-based recommendations to fight climate change.

Mots-clés : n2 fixation,diazotrophs,cyanobacteria,export production
Projet ERC : www.WORK (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Université Radboud de Nimègue — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1992062.5 €

The 'gig economy', where workers are hired through internet platforms to complete a one-time service task (a 'gig'), is growing into a major labour market. Yet, we still lack a theory of how it develops. Its online part, including tasks to be completed at the computer (e.g. programming or translations), constitutes the first truly global labour market. Faced with unprecedented competition, most gig workers offer their services at low rates that do not allow for insurances or building up pensions. Several governments therefore consider making social security contributions compulsory. But can regulation at the national level protect workers in online markets, or will the demand for online gigs simply relocate to low-wage, low-protection economies? Based on an interdisciplinary framework of theories on varieties-of-capitalism, innovation systems, and entrepreneurial ecosystems, I propose a new institutional theory on ‘mirror-image specialization’: I hypothesize that education and labour-market institutions lead requesters, platforms, and providers of online gig work to specialize in hiring, transacting, and offering those skills that are least available in their home labour markets. This leads to specialization patterns in a country’s online gig economy opposite to those in its traditional labour market. If this is the case, my theory breaks ground for a new paradigm in institutional research of online markets and indicates that national policy-making can protect gig workers without risking the relocation of gig demand. To enable this theoretical high-risk/high-gain contribution, I will go beyond the empirical state-of-the-art of single-platform studies by collecting novel, large-N data on gig requesters (WP1), platforms (WP2), and gig providers (WP3). Using quantitative and qualitative methods, I will go beyond the analytical state-of-the-art of one-time studies and analyse panel and time-stamped data to gain over-time insights into how the online gig economy unfolds.

Mots-clés : online labour markets,gig economy,political economy,institutional theory,varieties of capitalism,skills
Projet ERC : RNAStrEnD (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Integrative B iology : from Genes and Genomes to S ystems
Entité participante : Université de Groningue — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : RUG
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2000000.0 €

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a jack-of-all-trades. It orchestrates and contributes to a multitude of essential cellular processes, both under physiological and pathological conditions. Among these, transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, splicing, and translation control. Many of the functions of RNA rely on its ability to fold into stable secondary structures. However, RNA structures are far from being static. Indeed, for a given RNA, multiple alternative structural conformations can coexist as part of a heterogeneous and dynamic ensemble. Crucial to the regulatory functions of RNA structures is their ability to dynamically redistribute the relative abundance of specific conformations within the ensemble, in response to environmental cues. Despite its ascertained importance, the study of RNA structural dynamics in living cells has largely remained elusive. The goal of this ambitious proposal is to provide a deeper understanding of the mechanistic aspects underlying RNA structural dynamics in living cells, and thereby to comprehend the regulation and mechanism of action of RNAs. In other words: how are changes in the structure of an RNA triggered, and how do these changes reflect on the cell’s phenotype? By combining cutting-edge experimental and computational methods, many of which developed in my lab, my team will: (i) explore how RNA secondary structure ensembles dynamically change in response to environmental cues; (ii) investigate how RNA post-transcriptional modifications and editing contribute to and control RNA secondary structure ensemble dynamics; (iii) characterize RNA secondary structure ensemble dynamics at transcription, and their contribution to splicing regulation. By dissecting the role of RNA secondary structure ensemble dynamics in fine-tuning gene expression, the pioneering research here proposed will fill an important gap in our understanding of the mechanisms of gene regulation in cells.

Mots-clés : rna secondary structure rna structure ensembles rna chemical probing gene regulation by rna structure
Projet ERC : VisDOM (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Materials Engineering
Entité participante : Université de Linköping — Pays : Suède — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2972876.0 €

Optical nanoantennas are nanoscale objects that acts as antennas for light. They can provide local and abrupt optical phase shifts, which has led to an emerging type of flat ultrathin optical components called metasurfaces. The concept of metasurfaces has enabled many important applications, including ultrathin flat lenses and high-performance OLEDs. In addition to their attractive form factor, metasurfaces pushes the limits of what is achievable in terms of light-matter interactions, exemplified by demonstrations of intriguing phenomena like invisibility cloaking, anomalous refraction and the photonic spin Hall effect. However, a major limitation of traditional metasurfaces is that they are static, in the sense that we cannot tune their functions after they have been produced. The reason is that traditional nanoantennas are made from materials with fixed material properties, such as gold, silver or titanium dioxide. It has proven highly challenging to make nanoantennas that can be dynamically tuned and particularly for the visible spectral range and by electrical stimuli. My group recently introduced conducting polymers as a new organic materials platform for tuneable plasmonic nanoantennas and metasurfaces, but those systems are still restricted to wavelengths outside the visible range. In VisDOM, I will develop and study a new type of electrically tuneable optical nanoantennas for visible light. While benefitting from our recent achievements on dynamic nanoantennas, the proposed nanoantennas will be based on a conceptually new idea and mechanism, forming an ambitious project that goes well beyond state of the art. The important goal of VisDOM is to contribute with a new type of dynamic organic nanooptics and electrically tuneable optical metasurfaces for visible light.

Mots-clés : optical nanoantennas,metasurfaces,conducting polymers,dynamic organic nanooptics
Projet ERC : Dual-Twist (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Condensed Matter Physics
Entité participante : Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2000000.0 €

Controlling quantum correlations in many-body systems in is one of the major challenges in solid-state physics, and of critical importance for enabling applications in integrated quantum technologies. A material class that is particularly suitable to study and control the physics of correlated Bosons and Fermions are van der Waals heterostructures. These structures can be realized bottom up, layer by layer, with precision on the atomic level. Uniquely, their most fundamental electronic and quantum-optical properties can controlled via the rotation angle (‘the twist’) between the layers. This twistronic material engineering is especially suited to tailor emergent quantum correlations in van der Waals heterostructures and to control the collective quantum behavior in this novel material class. It is the ambition of the “Dual-Twist” project to explore emergent quantum phases of Coulomb- correlated carriers and to control their interaction with precisely tailored light-fields in twistronically engineered quantum materials. The project synergizes the emergent technique of “twistronics” to functionalize van-der-Waals heterostructures on the quantum level with the approach to utilize optical cavities to engineer quantum materials via dressing them with electromagnetic fields. Our quantum-optical investigations will provide pathways to control collective phenomena of Bose-Fermi mixtures in microcavities, correlated magnetism, collective quantum phases and strongly interacting ‘liquid light’. Dual Twist utilizes a cavity-based quantum simulation approach to reach a deeper level of understanding in our material-based experiments. The project will develop a versatile technology to simulate the quantum behavior of interacting bosons in twist-tunable lattices of non-linear photons. Thus, it will expand our insight into the Moiré physics of correlated Bosons and will provide fundamental answers regarding their applicability in quantum information.
Projet ERC : epiNicheAML (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Integrative B iology : from Genes and Genomes to S ystems
Entité participante : Laboratoire européen de biologie moléculaire — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : EMBL
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2000000.0 €

The bone marrow is one of the most dynamic adult stem cell niches containing hematopoietic stem cells and non-hematopoietic mesenchymal stem and stromal cells, which make up the bone marrow niche. The niche regulates the immune system and constitutes a major determinant of chemoresistance in hematological malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Identifying the mechanisms by which AML interacts with its niche will open novel therapeutic avenues. AML is driven and maintained by leukemic stem cells (LSCs), and failure to eradicate them will result in relapsing of the disease. Yet, despite decades of research on LSCs, none of the therapies aiming at eradicating them reached clinical practice. Recent studies suggest an important role for bone marrow stromal and immune cells in driving AML. Together with our preliminary data, that show LSCs-induced upregulation of metastasis-related genes in stromal cells, this leads to the hypothesis that AML remodels its niche in ways that favours its survival and represses healthy hematopoiesis. Most studies in AML focus on LSC-intrinsic, stromal niche, or immune mediated mechanisms separately. Thus, we currently lack a comprehensive view of the complexity of the human bone marrow and its interaction with AML. To close these gaps, we propose an ambitious experimental design including multi-modal single cell sequencing of an AML cohort followed by innovative computational approaches integrating these data into predictive cell-type specific models - to generate mechanistic hypotheses about AML-niche interactions that we then test using patient-derived xenograft and in vitro culture models. Our ambitious project will provide fundamental insights into stem cell-niche interactions and may lead to a paradigm-shift in treating hematological malignancies - away from eradicating malignant cells towards reconstituting a healthy niche that generates a healthy immune environment.

Mots-clés : single cell multiome,bone marrow niche,aml,high throughput single cell sequencing
Projet ERC : TransRhythm (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention,  Diagnosis and T reatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : Leiden University Medical Center — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : LUMC
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999999.0 €

It’s my conviction that, one day, we will enable the human heart to terminate its own rhythm disturbances and thereby restore its normal rhythm at any place and time. Such acute restoration of cardiac rhythm would not be based on traumatizing electric shocks, but on generation of bioelectricity by the affected heart itself. In order to explore this paradigm-changing approach for ambulatory shock-free control of cardiac rhythm, I will integrate the unique advances of genetic engineering, computer modelling, tissue engineering and micro-optoelectronics. To determine the advanced and translational potential of such optoelectronic heart rhythm control, the most prevalent cardiac arrhythmia will be targeted, atrial fibrillation (AF). To this purpose, we will first engineer human atrium-sized 3D models of AF from fully functional conditionally immortalized human atrial cardiomyocytes expressing light-gated ion channels. To realize and explore optoelectronic rhythm control in these models, customized multi-electrode-LED arrays (MELAs) will be integrated to gain full control over bioelectricity generation by precisely tailored illumination. Such illumination will be accomplished by a modular interactive optoelectronic system allowing continuous, accurate and realtime monitoring-based activation of specific LEDs in the MELAs. Insights from these studies will guide the application of this approach in pig models of AF to determine its feasibility, safety and therapeutic implications. From design to interpretation, all these studies will be supported by advanced computer simulations to realize an iterative process of optimization for maximum project outcome. Establishing translational optoelectronic control of cardiac rhythm is expected to break new ground by revealing unique novel insights into AF mechanisms and management. This project could thus provide distinctively innovative therapeutic options, while generating novel tools and concepts in medical research and care.

Mots-clés : atrial fibrillation,gene therapy,cardiac arrhythmias,cardiac electrophysiology