Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : PLEIOTROPY (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Environmental B iology, Ecology  and E volution
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 194183.75 €

Pleiotropy is the phenomenon of one gene affecting several phenotypic traits, such as different organs. Mutations advantageous in one organ often have antagonistic effects in others. Recent theoretical and empirical data suggest adaptation proceeds with such pleiotropic mutations if they are compensated during development. I think that pleiotropy may promote the fast divergence of developmental gene expression and cis-regulatory regions while selecting for such compensations. To test this, my lab’s model, the upper and lower molars in rodents, will be ideal to: -Link variation in genes, development and shape, and track compensations in developmental processes. -Focus on a tractable case of pleiotropy with two organs. -Compare the evolution for different pleiotropy constraints. We have established a collection of rodents and methods to compare their genomes and developing molars.PLEIOTROPY’s originality is to contrast 3 types of species: Ancestor-like molars (controls), and derived molars that evolved either in line with pleiotropy constraints (higher crowns in both molars), or against them (extra cusps only in the upper molar). Our hypothesis implies that gene expression and cis-regulatory regions evolve faster in the latter case. We will: 1) Compare how developmental gene expression in tooth germs evolve, and search for compensatory changes in developmental mechanisms. We will scan gene expression at spatial resolution in 7 focal species. 2) Survey how regulatory regions evolve, and test compensatory mutations. We will annotate regulatory regions from epigenomic data and infer their phylogenetic history in 67 species. We will screen and validate compensatory mutations. 3) Model the joint evolution of upper and lower molars development to predict rates of genome evolution and compensatory mutations.PLEIOTROPY exploits my unique expertise, examining genome evolution in connection with developmental evolution, to tackle the puzzling question of pleiotropy in evolution

Mots-clés : comparative transcriptomics and genomics evo devo integrative biology
Projet ERC : DENGEN (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Environmental B iology, Ecology  and E volution
Entité participante : Université de Cambridge — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1871669.75 €

Across pathogens, it remains unclear why some lineages persist while others die out. Population immunity pressure coupled with relative abilities to infect and disseminate in hosts are likely to play a critical role. There are key data and methodological gaps that prevent us from identifying and quantifying drivers of pathogen fitness. We need robust measures of fitness and be able to apply these measures to sequences from the same ecological disease system over many years. We also need to understand how an individual's immunity responds, if at all, to ongoing exposures by continuously changing pathogens. Finally, we need appropriate methods that can integrate candidate drivers of fitness within the same analytical framework. Using dengue virus as a model system, I will use annual sequence data from Thailand collected from 1973 to today alongside long term measurements of immune responses in the same individuals over 25 years apart to answer the following questions:   - How does individual immunity change over decadal time frames? I will re-recruit individuals who were infected with dengue virus during participation in cohort studies in the 1990s. I will measure their antibody response today to viruses that have circulated over the past 58 years, including the specific virus that infected them in the 1990s. I will compare their responses today to those in stored samples from the original cohort study.  - What are the drivers of fitness? I will quantify the changing fitness of circulating dengue viruses from 1973 to today. I will then explore how changes in viral dissemination in mosquitoes, changes in kinetics in human cells and the build up of strain-specific population immunity interact to determine viral fitness. By studying the dynamic interplay between pathogen fitness, host immunity and vector, this project will explore a fundamental concept of disease ecology, as well as providing insights into a major threat to global public health.

Mots-clés : dengue virus,antibody dynamics,viral diversity
Projet ERC : HOT-BIOPRINTING (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and Processes Engineering
Entité participante : Université de La Corogne — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1965525.0 €

Because current limitations in 3D bioprinting for tissue engineering stem from the fact that the multi-scaled vasculature associated to the human microtissues and organs cannot be replicated. The overarching aim of the HOT-BIOPRINTING project is to deliver a methodology enabling the manufacturing of a new generation of tissue-like structures with properties mimicking more closely the complexity of biological tissues and organs. The innovation of HOT-BIOPRINTING lies on the development of a disruptive technology named Holographic optical tweezing bioprinting (HOTB) for single and automatized multiple cell 3D bioprinting. The non-contact nature of light will eliminate the fails on bioprinting associated to instrumentation, which along with the HOTB capabilities for manipulating single cells for printing will drive a new paradigm shift: “resolution will be dictated by the cell size instead of by the mechanical component of the instrumentation”. This new technological advancement for resolution enhancement while maintaining bioprinting speed using holographic automatization can open new opportunities to the tissue engineering and regenerative medicine community. I propose the following general objectives that go beyond the state of the art in bioprinting human mimetic tissue: 1) Generate the knowledge and develop a Holographic Optical tweezer bioprinter (HOTB) for high-definition single/multiple cell bioprinting. 2) Demonstration and automatization for 3D multicellular printing for large area tissue generation. 3) Overcome the challenges associated with existing biofabrication techniques (limited multi-scaled vascularization and oversimplified structures). 4) Demonstrating lymph-node bioprinting with integrated vasculature. This represents a big challenge, if achieved, will revolutionize the bioprint technology by increasing the tissue complexity and by responding to the demand of biofabricating multi-scale vascularized complex tissues and organs.

Mots-clés : 3d bioprinting,tissue and organ engineering,holographic optical tweezing bioprinting,multi scaled vasculaturized tissue bioprinting,appling photonics concepts to bioprinting,holographic shaping light for bioprinting
Projet ERC : mKoire (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Condensed Matter Physics
Entité participante : Donostia International Physics Center — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : DIPC
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2802250.0 €

Graphene moiré materials constitute a new paradigm in condensed matter physics for the study of superconductivity and other collective electronic phases given their chemical and structural simplicity as well as large tunability as compared to other many-body systems. However, a comprehensive picture of the fundamental properties of superconductivity in graphene moiré materials is still missing due to the limited information attained so far at the microscopic level. Therefore, the need for local probe techniques that enable the exploration of superconductivity in moiré matter with outstanding energy and spatial resolution is pressing, and constitutes the main motivation of this project.  The ultimate objective of this project is to unveil the microscopic mechanisms driving superconductivity in graphene moiré materials. To this end, I propose the local characterization of the superconductivity in various twisted graphene systems with unprecedented resolution (few µeV) by means of STM/STS measurements at milikelvin temperatures. Here I aim to unveil (i) the symmetry of the order parameter(s) in unambiguous connection with the valley, orbital and spin degrees of freedom, (ii) the origin(s) of the attractive interactions governing Cooper pairing, and (iii) the nature of the neighboring correlated phases as well as their interplay with the superconducting state.  The intellectual merit of this project lies in the fact that will provide ground-breaking insights to long-standing questions in condensed matter physics, initially posed in complex unconventional superconductors, here instead tackled using simple, highly tunable moiré materials. Furthermore, this project has the potential to unveil forms of superconductivity never seen in nature before by using state-of-the-art microscopy technology that combines atomic-scale spatial resolution with the finest energy resolution.

Mots-clés : graphene superconductivity,moir,stm,flat band,electronic phase diagram
Projet ERC : BELIEFS (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Human Mobility, Environment, and Space
Entité participante : Université de Bologne — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1628766.0 €

The transition to a low-carbon society, as mandated by the Paris Agreement and recent net-zero targets, requires a significant expansion and reallocation of physical investments. Investment choices crucially depend on firms’ expectations and beliefs. However, profound knowledge gaps exist regarding transition-related expectations: current modelling frameworks lack the capability to fully assess their impact on transition dynamics; empirical evidence on their distribution is scarce; and there is limited comprehension of their evolution drivers and how to align them effectively with climate targets. Misalignment of expectations can lead to failed or disorderly decarbonisation pathways. The BELIEFS project will lay the foundations of a novel analytical framework capable of shedding light on the complex interaction between firms’ beliefs, investment decision-making and climate policy strategies, so as to identify credible paths to a net-zero society. The project will deliver a methodological breakthrough by developing a dynamic transition model with a realistic representation of expectations as heterogeneous, evolving and interdependent. The design and calibration of the model will be informed by extensive data collection efforts, including original surveys and experiments. A large-scale survey of firms will produce the first comprehensive empirical assessment of transition-related expectations and their impact on economic decisions. The results of the project will be pivotal in identifying effective policy and institutional strategies to ensure alignment of beliefs, thereby enabling a swift and orderly decarbonisation process. Over the course of five years, BELIEFS aims to offer pioneering interdisciplinary contributions to advance our understanding of the macro-behavioural dimensions of low-carbon transitions, integrating elements from climate economics, transition theory, behavioural sciences and political economy.

Mots-clés : behavioural macroeconomics commitment climate change climate policy climate related beliefs decarbonisation experiments investment choices low carbon transition net zero targets narratives transition modelling transition related expectations policy credibility policy uncertainty surveys
Projet ERC : GEM (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : Université Bocconi — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1532955.0 €

The goal of this proposal is to advance the research frontier on expectations formation and their economic impact. The proposal consists of three related projects that, through the provision of novel empirical evidence and the design of a new theoretical framework, can guide future research and better inform policy decisions. Recent empirical evidence suggests that expectations react to shocks sluggishly, but—one might argue—this may only be the case because data was gathered under stable economic conditions. We plan to explore the hypothesis that expectations quickly adapt and “de-anchor” in periods of economic turmoil. If, as we conjecture, expectations are state dependent, then a better understanding of the conditions under which stickiness persists is critical for policy. We exploit survey data on a larger-than-usual set of countries and uncover new properties of expectations. How should central banks communicate to the public? Should countries promote financial literacy? Expectations’ data helps us answer these questions by indirectly revealing the models that agents use to make forecasts. We leverage the theory of Bayesian networks to build a theoretical framework in which a fraction of less sophisticated agents fails to consider a subset of relevant macroeconomic relationships. We discipline our model using novel evidence on cross-variable properties of expectations and deliver new, actionable lessons for policy and policy communication. The recent debate on the role of monetary policy in speeding up the green transition has attracted much attention. Yet, the full extent to which monetary policy affects green firms is still unknown. We investigate, both empirically and theoretically, the impact of interest-rate expectations on investment by clean vs. dirty firms and innovation in clean technologies. Our preliminary evidence suggests that conventional monetary policy and forward guidance may have a sizable and long-lasting impact on the environment.

Mots-clés : expectations,state dependence,bounded rationality,monetary policy,green transition
Projet ERC : FlowHAT (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : Université d'Amsterdam — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UvA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2000000.0 €

An essential part of synthetic organic chemistry is the conversion of raw materials into highly complex molecules. While traditionally this has been achieved through conversion of functional groups, Nature has developed strategies to deliberately functionalize C–H bonds in organic molecules. Mimicking Nature’s machinery, chemists have developed a diverse set of powerful C–H bond functionalization strategies. However, undirected and selective C–H bond functionalization is still very challenging and it remains “a dream reaction” for the community. Herein, I propose a novel approach that combines both chemical and technological tools and is based on a continuous-flow photocatalytic Hydrogen Atom Transfer (HAT) that uses cheap decatungstate to activate these C(sp3)–H bonds selectively. Four different reaction classes will be developed which forge C=O, C–NO, C–SO2X and C–CO2H bonds using respectively O2, NO, SO2 and CO2 as cheap and atom-efficient reagents. All these methods provide useful functional handles which can be seamlessly engaged in other transformations. I will show that our methodology can be used to enable the late-stage diversification of bioactive molecules, establishing a new way of retrosynthetic thinking. Furthermore, I propose to exploit the intrinsic ability of HAT to abstract a hydrogen from volatile alkanes, such as methane, to generate the corresponding carbon-centered radicals. These nucleophilic radicals will be engaged in various cross-coupling transformations, including enantioselective variants. Moreover, I envision that a combination of continuous-flow, automation technology and machine learning will provide a much-needed technological impact, enabling the development of unique screening tools for the reproducible functionalization of organic molecules. The synthetic methods and technological tools will provide a breakthrough in the selective functionalization of strong C(sp3)–H bonds in both gaseous alkanes and biologically active molecules.

Mots-clés : flow chemistry photocatalysis synthetic methodology microreactor gas liquid reaction
Projet ERC : THEAGENT (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Texts and Concepts
Entité participante : Université Adam-Mickiewicz de Poznań — Pays : Pologne — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 174725.0 €

Since the European Middle Ages, the fates of theatre and the city have been intertwined. Mystery plays thrived amidst the urban guilds of medieval Paris, city comedies heralded merchant capitalism in seventeenth-century London, and Ottoman shadow puppetry shaped coffeehouse culture in nineteenth-century Istanbul. The emergence of the modern European city in particular was linked to the development of both state-sponsored and independent theatre institutions; theatre and performance practices drew on the human proximity that city living made possible, and shaped the visions of cultural heterogeneity that emerged from urban cohabitation. Today, unprecedented dynamics of migration, globalization, and rapid gentrification are fundamentally changing theatre’s importance in the urban environment. Theatre and performance practices are all but absent from urban studies, however, and theatre scholarship often views the urban question through a limited analytic lens. Combining multi-sited ethnographic and archival research, this interdisciplinary research project will focus on the key cities of London, Paris, Berlin, Warsaw and Istanbul to analyze the complicated and often ambivalent relationship between theatre practices and urban transformation in twenty-first-century Europe. Following key thematic threads like migration and memory, Theatre and Gentrification’s original case studies will illustrate the diversity of property relations and housing tenure across the European continent, as well as the complex roles that theatre and performance practices play in producing urban subjectivities and structuring the cultural politics of gentrification. Groundbreaking in its use of theatre as its vantage point, this ambitious project will change the way we think about the contradictions of culture in the twenty-first century city, from its role in securing claims to global urban stature, to its position within imaginaries of authentic local resistance.

Mots-clés : theatre,urbanity,gentrification,memory,migration
Projet ERC : MINING (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Systems and Communication Engineering
Entité participante : Italian Institute of Technology — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2992875.0 €

Capturing the dynamics of brain activity in its multifaceted components is a key challenge for neural interfaces. Deciphering the complex electrical and chemical signaling exchanged by the different constituents of the brain tissue will result in a better understanding of neural circuits and functions, informing and enabling novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Next generation of research tools should therefore aim at a multifunctional and fully integrated approach, probing and triggering multiple signals simultaneously with high spatio-temporal resolution and low invasiveness. MINING aspires at generating a novel class of multifunctional neural endoscopes, able to trigger and detect electrical and molecular signaling with cellular resolution in vivo. The result will be the unprecedented ability to correlate multiple types of signals in the same volume, with spatial and temporal resolution at depth. The limitation of current state of the art will be surmounted by exploiting light-matter interactions in hybrid metal-dielectric metasurfaces and their synergistic integration with organic electrochemical transistors. The main objectives of MINING are: 1) Devise hybrid metal-dielectric metasurface (HMS) neural endoscopes, enabling simultaneous (i) high-resolution functional imaging of neural signals, (ii) label-free optical monitoring of chemical compounds from both wide and localized brain volumes and (iii) optogenetic and thermoplasmonic modulation of neural functions with cellular resolution, 2) Integration of organic electrochemical transistors on HMSs endoscopes, generating a novel optoelectrical neural interface with cellular resolution based on active electronics, 3) Development of methods for spatial-resolved multifunctional studies, to demonstrate the power of MINING endoscopes to reveal so far hidden patterns of electrochemical functional dynamics in the living mouse brain.

Mots-clés : micro and nano fabrication,metasurfaces,optical neural interfaces
Projet ERC : GREEN TIPPING (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Human Mobility, Environment, and Space
Entité participante : Université de Bologne — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1758084.0 €

How common must a behavior be, before a reluctant person decides to conform? And can information campaigns and behavioral interventions instigate enough change to transition to a new norm with the least disruption? The project addresses these topical questions, contributing key insights to the ecological transition. The netzero transition poses unprecedented societal challenges, that cannot be tackled with technology and markets alone. It requires behavioral and social change. Abandoning entrenched detrimental norms, including those that perpetuate the fossil-fueled lock-in, is notoriously difficult, preventing change and limiting policy efficacy. A nascent literature tackles Social Tipping Interventions -STI, aiming at cost-effective disproportionate change, by pushing behaviors past an adoption threshold beyond which further uptake is self-reinforcing. Intervening on target groups can greatly reduce the societal cost of a policy and thus holds promise for precipitating change. Yet, research in this field is confined to theory or small-scale experiments. GREEN TIPPING aims to provide an innovative and rigorous analysis of the untapped potential of tailored interventions to scale sustainable behavior and trigger systemic shift. To this end, I plan a four-pronged approach: posit, test, refine, validate. The team derives predictions on the conditions and timing for abandoning a detrimental social norm. We then test the effectiveness of a battery of interventions on representative multi-country samples, to quantify the hypothesized effects. This allows for refining target specific STI, to be tested in controlled group experiments. Lastly, we validate the findings by assessing contagion in the field, focusing on renewable energy adoption in targeted samples elsewhere. The interdisciplinary approach draws from the natural and social sciences, with transformative theoretical, experimental and policy advances relevant to environmental and other high-stake challenges.

Mots-clés : cooperation,social norms,social interventions,donation,behavior change,threshold models