Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : X-Imaging (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : Weizmann Institute of Science — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 150000.0 €

This project seeks to exploit cross-term spatiotemporal encoding (xSPEN), a single-shot MRI modality that we introduced last year as part of our efforts to develop new ultrafast techniques in nuclear magnetic resonance. Besides delivering single-shot images in tens of milliseconds, xSPEN exhibits an unprecedented resilience to field inhomogeneities enabling it to access regions that have so far never been scanned by single-scan MRI. Over the last year we have confirmed this and further developed these single-shot measurements, combining it with sequences and algorithms enabling their use in kinetic and diffusivity studies. This PoC proposes to employ these new methods to tackle three problems that pose open challenges in diagnostic radiology, due to their involvement of tissue-metal and tissue-air interfaces subject to strong susceptibility distortions. These include (i) accessing physiological information in the proximity of metal implants; (ii) diagnosing cholesteatomas, a middle-ear growth of chronic recurrence with characteristic diffusion parameters; and (iii) examining and diagnosing optic nerve neurofibromatosis tumours by diffusion and by dynamic contrast enhanced MRI. By enabling non-invasive, mostly diffusion-based characterisations of these challenging radiological problems, xSPEN will provide hitherto unavailable opportunities to perform repetitive, differential diagnoses of diseases whose permanent solution demands invasive radiation and/or surgery procedures. This can in turn free patients from what could be unnecessary, highly invasive and dangerous operations, preserving a normal lifestyle, and alleviating associated healthcare costs. Furthermore, as despite its uniqueness xSPEN is compatible with thousands of contemporary clinical MRI machines, validating its diagnostic use on a suitable cohort of volunteers and patients should open a world-wide market of radiological imaging applications, with a life time of decades.

Mots-clés : diffusion mri,susceptibility distortions,metal tissue interfaces,cholesteatomas,optic nerve tumours,non invasive radiology
Projet ERC : SOCIALMALLEABILITY (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : Koç University — Pays : Turquie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2000000.0 €

This project studies the causal role of peer interactions and the nature of the classroom environment in the formation of individual beliefs, attitudes and non-cognitive skills in childhood, with a view towards (1) mitigating gender gaps in choices and outcomes, (2) improving attitudes towards immigrants and promoting integration, (3) improving achievement outcomes. To this end, the project will design randomized interventions on social interactions in the classroom, that exogenously manipulate (i) exposure to peers (randomizing gender and ethnicity combinations), (ii) the setting in which the interaction takes place (cooperative vs. competitive). The conjecture is that particular types of peer interaction (e.g. cooperative work) can permanently shift both individual preferences and attitudes toward others, and lead to contagion of non-cognitive skills. The interventions will be embedded into a novel extracurricular program to be designed around teaching “coding”, and” and will be implemented across a large set of elementary schools in Istanbul, for the duration of a semester. The project will utilize an interdisciplinary methodology that involves collecting a large set of outcome measures through novel incentivized experiments, questionnaires, and neural measurements. Impact of different types of peer interactions and a cooperative vs. competitive classroom culture on attitudes towards gender and immigrants, individual preferences and non-cognitive skills, creativity, aspirations and achievement will be measured both in the short- and the longer-run, in an entirely new social context. Comprehensive baseline data on individual, family and classroom characteristics will allow us to study heterogeneous effects and potential mechanisms. The results will provide inputs for how the educational environment can be designed early on, to build a culture that promotes gender equality, cultivates positive attitudes towards immigrants, and improves achievement outcomes.

Mots-clés : gender,preferences,non cognitive skills,education,immigrants,field experiments,laboratory experiments,neuroeconomics
Projet ERC : ERC-OAPEN-2017 (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Low value grant)
Entité participante : Stichting oapen*open access publishing in european networks — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Oapen
Type d'entité : Autres
Financement ERC de l'entité : 60000.0 €

This project supports OAPEN to enlarge the quality controlled collection of open access books already hosted by the OAPEN Library, and to develop additional services for publishers, libraries and research funders in the areas of dissemination, quality assurance and digital preservation. The project specifically intends to enlarge the collection of OA books and chapters relating to research funded through ERC grants, by aggregating these publications and enabling publishers and authors to deposit these publications directly into the OAPEN Library. The project will develop new components to increase the visibility and usage of the ERC collection, to improve integration with OpenAIRE, and to increase the understanding of societal and scholarly impact of ERC publications through an Altmetrics service. New components include: - Collection view: a separate website providing a branded view of the ERC collection, thereby improving the overall visibility of the collection; - Research grant information: adding standard information from ERCEA and other sources to provide additional information about the research connected to the publication, improving discoverability and usage of the ERC collection; - Review linking: exploring whether it is possible to link to reviews of publications, to promote these publications and increase usage.

Mots-clés : open access,long from texts,books,book chapters,deposit
Projet ERC : RationAlgic (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : Leibniz University Hannover — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1498750.0 €

This project uses algebraic cycles and unramified cohomology to attack fundamental questions about the rationality, stable rationality and unirationality of rationally connected varieties, the integral Hodge conjecture for abelian varieties, as well as the Griffiths-Harris conjecture about curves on three-dimensional hypersurfaces. A breakthrough of Voisin, with improvements by Colliot-Thélène--Pirutka and myself, recently led to tremendous advances in our understanding of (stable) rationality of rationally connected varieties. For instance, this allowed me to solve the rationality problem for hypersurfaces under a logarithmic degree bound, improving previous linear bounds of Kollár and Totaro. This project pushes this circle of ideas further, aiming in particular at a solution of the rationality problem beyond my logarithmic bound. One of the most powerful (stable) birational invariants of smooth projective varieties is unramified cohomology. In general, this invariant is notoriously hard to compute and we aim to develop new tools which allow to compute unramified cohomology more efficiently. We will use this to analyse the third unramified cohomology of abelian varieties and of hypersurfaces in projective 4-space. By a result of Colliot-Thélène and Voisin, this will allow us to attack the integral Hodge conjecture for abelian varieties, and hence, by work of Voisin, the longstanding open problem whether cubic threefolds are stably rational, as well as an old conjecture of Griffiths and Harris concerning curves on three-dimensional hypersurfaces. We also introduce a cycle-theoretic approach, using the torsion order of symmetric products, to construct an obstruction for the unirationality of rationally connected varieties. We aim to use this to show that not every rationally connected variety is unirational, thereby solving a longstanding open problem in the field.

Mots-clés : rationality,algebraic cycles,chow groups,unramified cohomology
Projet ERC : SILVER (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : University of Oxford — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1068115.12 €

This project will address one of the enduring questions of medieval studies - the origins of the Viking Age (c. 750-1050 AD) - through an interdisciplinary (archaeological, archaeometric and numismatic) study of silver from early Viking-Age Scandinavia. In doing so, it will provide the first large-scale, systematic and empirically-based answers to the outstanding questions of where, when and why the Viking Age began, casting vital new light on what is widely recognised to be a pivotal episode of cultural expansion in Eurasia. As the only surviving physical evidence from the spoils of Viking expansion, silver has unique potential to elucidate the early development of the Viking Age. Its geographic origins can reveal where Viking activity was concentrated (Western Europe vs. Baltic/ Russia); its uses can indicate why the Vikings were prepared to risk their lives acquiring it (social vs. monetary function); and its chronology can unlock the timings of the main periods of expansion (ninth century, as widely believed, vs. a century earlier). Yet, due to its poor characterisation and the lack of scientific approaches to its study, silver has never before been harnessed to address these fundamental topics. This project will build an entirely new dataset of the ninth-century ‘silver record’ from a combination of access to museum collections and fresh artefact and coin identifications made by the project team. We will analyse this material in new ways. First-hand archaeological and numismatic study will be combined with pioneering methods in archaeometric analysis, the enormous potential of which for revealing Viking silver sources has recently been demonstrated by the PI. The PI has negotiated unprecedented permissions from national museums to extend scientific analyses to early Viking silver objects from across Northern Europe. There is now a tremendous opportunity to transform understanding of one of Europe’s most significant cultural movements.

Mots-clés : early medieval archaeology
Projet ERC : GEM (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Technical University of Denmark — Pays : Danemark — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : DTU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 240000.0 €

This project will create a new category of models that can be used for describing a wide range of spatial choice problems in the social sciences. Spatial settings often have a very large number of choice alternatives. Discrete choice models are used extensively to make counterfactual predictions based on observations of individual choices. Despite forty years of research, current spatial choice models still have two major generic short-comings that seriously limit their ability to make counterfactual predictions. The new category of models will address these two short-comings. The first issue is that substitution patterns between choice alternatives are very complex. The new models will allow substitution patterns to be specified in a general and transparent way. The second issue is that so-called endogeneity issues are pervasive, which violates the underlying statistical assumptions of common models and leads to inconsistent results. The new models will enable endogeneity issues to be dealt with in a simple way. The new models rely on a concept of generalised entropy and are related via duality to classical discrete choice models. A generalised entropy model, or just GEM, will be specified in terms of a transformation from choice probabilities to utilities. This idea is completely new. It is the exact opposite of classical discrete choice models and makes available a whole universe of new models. Early results suggest that GEM will enable the short-comings of the standard models to be overcome. The project develops GEM in three prototypical spatial contexts: equilibrium sorting of households, travel demand modelling, and network route choice. Classical discrete choice models are extensively used for policy analysis and planning. Replacing these by GEM will therefore influence a multitude of decisions across a range of sectors of great societal importance with environmental, economic and welfare consequences that reach far into the future.

Mots-clés : spatial choice,discrete choice,generalised entropy,substitution,endogeneity,travel demand,residential sorting,traffic networks
Projet ERC : MESOTAS-SIEVE (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : Eindhoven University of Technology — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TU/e
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 150000.0 €

This project will demonstrate the technical and commercial viability of the MESOTAS-SIEVE bioreactor, a novel 3D brain-on-chip microculture system. This allows the culturing and in vitro functional analysis of neuronal networks that mimic the human brain in a physiologically much more relevant way than conventional cell culture systems or animal models. Therefore, the MESOTAS-SIEVE system has great potential towards the realisation of tissue models of the brain for drug efficacy and toxicity assays. This project is based on exciting discoveries done in the ERC Starting Grant project MESOTAS (2011-2016). In MESOTAS, a bioreactor on a microelectrode array (MEA) has been developed to study the ‘natural’ behaviour of 3D neuronal networks. For this bioreactor, a neuronal cell line has been identified that uniquely survives >30 days and forms neuronal networks. To further improve function and network formation capacity, this project will integrate a micro-sieve at the bottom of the MESOTAS bioreactor to improve cell shape, function and optimal connection to the MEA electrodes for single-cell readout of activity. PoC of this MESOTAS-SIEVE bioreactor provides the basis for further development towards a commercial brain-on-a-chip platform. The first steps towards commercialization of MESOTAS-SIEVE will be performed as part of this project and initial industry contact are already in place. During the project we will establish a solid business model, including intellectual property (IP) protection, a market/competitor analysis, and an exploitation plan. Towards the end of this project the “data package” will be used to attract further financing towards commercialization.

Mots-clés : brain on chip,3d micro cell culture system,cultured neuronal network
Projet ERC : SIMTIC (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : University of Limerick — Pays : Irlande — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UL
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2493707.5 €

This project will develop a new social paradigm for trauma research that will allow us to understand post-traumatic stress and facilitate post-traumatic resilience and growth. This new paradigm holds that changes in social identities – the sense of self we derive from being part of valued groups – are at the heart of post traumatic outcomes. This breakthrough project will develop a synergistic model explaining how physiological, clinical and socio-political consequences of stress and trauma result from changes in the nature, extent and quality of social identities. Ground-breaking theory will be supported by ground-breaking methods. (1) Changes in group membership and identification and identity resources will be linked to objective measures of stress and trauma. Since, to date, emerging evidence of health benefits of group memberships and social identities have largely been demonstrated using subjective measures, this methodological advance is both novel and important. (2) Causal effects of positive and negative change in social identities on stress and trauma outcomes will be examined using longitudinal and experimental approaches, working in both laboratory and community contexts. (3) Qualitative studies will explore whether changes in social identities are associated with post traumatic growth at the personal level as well as the novel idea that trauma can effect change and growth in social identities. (4) Finally, a large scale survey will assess whether trauma, via enhanced social identification, can drive progressive social change. This new paradigm will transform the conceptualization of trauma from individual to social; deepen our understanding of the physiological and psychological implications of stress and trauma; and link the personal effects of stress and trauma to its wider social and political consequences.

Mots-clés : social identity,intragroup processes,group behavior,social identity change,collective behavior
Projet ERC : EXPOVIBE (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Sabancı University — Pays : Turquie — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : SU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 206865.0 €

This project will explore how exposure to political violence in a civil conflict context impacts upon social, economic and political behavior of individuals. It has three legs. In the first leg I will analyze the association between political and domestic violence. Specifically, I will test the hypothesis that those exposed to political violence are more likely to be perpetrators of domestic violence. In the second leg I will analyze whether exposure to political violence impacts upon economic behavior. Specifically, I will analyze the impact of exposure on risk, time and social preferences, savings behavior, employment, and earnings. Finally, in the third leg I will look into political behavior. Specifically, I will analyze the association between exposure to political violence and political participation and support, political tolerance, ideology, voting behavior, and party choice. The project will make use of a natural experiment setting that the institutional setup and the long-running civil conflict in Turkey create. Turkey has a mandatory military service system that requires each Turkish man, when he comes to age, to serve in the army for about a year. Those drafted are first subject to a basic training program and then, via a lottery, are randomly assigned to military bases all over the country to serve the rest of their terms. This means a young soldier can be sent to a military base in Eastern or Southeastern Turkey where a bloody armed conflict between the Turkish armed forces and the insurgent organization PKK has been going on since August 1984, and thus, can get actively involved in the armed conflict. This is a natural experiment setting that randomly exposes young Turkish males to political violence. In this project I aim to study whether and how that exposure impacts upon social, economic and political behavior of the exposed. To accomplish these goals, two independent, large-n survey studies will be designed and conducted in Turkey.

Mots-clés : civil conflict,political violence,individual behavior,intimate partner violence against women
Projet ERC : SOGICA (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : University of Liverpool — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 0.0 €

This project will generate the first ever theoretically and empirically-grounded comparative and comprehensive picture of the status and legal experiences of asylum-seekers across Europe claiming international protection on the basis of their sexual orientation or gender identity (SOGI), and determine how the European asylum systems can treat more fairly asylum claims based on the claimant’s SOGI. Every year, thousands of individuals claim asylum in Europe based on their SOGI, and more often than not their claims are treated unfairly, especially considering the disproportionately high rate of refusals on these grounds. There have been very limited attempts to address this issue, and this research will overcome this gap by carrying out a study more comprehensive than any other done in this field in the past, and producing outcomes that are unparalleled in terms of their reach. My main objectives are: 1) to analyse how SOGI related claims are adjudicated in different asylum legal European frameworks (EU, CoE, Germany, Italy, UK), and 2) to produce detailed policy recommendations in regard to the national, European Union and Council of Europe asylum adjudication systems, to the effect of developing a system that addresses adequately the socio-cultural, gender identity and sexual diversity of asylum-seekers. For the first time, a combined comparative, interdisciplinary (socio-legal), human rights and empirical approach will be adopted to research this field, which requires a substantial long period of research and sustained funding. This approach ensures the unique character of the findings and their impact on improving the current law, policy and decision-making regarding SOGI asylum claims, which are increasingly under close scrutiny across Europe. I am in a unique position to achieve these objectives, in the light of my experience with publications , projects and NGOs in the field of human rights and refugees from socio-legal, empirical and European perspectives.

Mots-clés : asylum,refugees,sexuality,gender,european union,socio legal,empirical