Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : STRADA (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : University of Trier — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1923805.0 €

Even though transport had a bad reputation in the discourse of the Roman elites, in recent research it became evident, that it had a vital impact on the prosperity of the Roman economy and thus on the long-term existence of the Roman Empire. Therefore, it is an absolute desideratum to explore Roman inland transport transdisciplinary, combining recent technological developments with experimental data and profound historical research to gain the most realistic transport times. The objective of STRADA is the development of a dynamic computer-based simulation system for water and land borne transport between the Adriatic Sea and the Danube. Thereby, STRADA is geared to three aims: a) the study of the spatial and temporal interconnectivity between Roman Italy and the Danube frontier, for gaining a better understanding of the economic cohesion of the Roman Empire, b) the analysis of the influence of environmental factors on the ancient transport system, c) and the introduction of dynamic simulations into historical research. For the implementation, the project will focus on three closely interwoven strands: The exact reconstruction of the ancient land- and water-routes, the experimental determination of the performance of the used land- and water-borne means of transport under changing environmental conditions, and the development of a time-related simulation system including local fine granular topography and historical weather data, different means of transport (water- and land-based) with different loads, the fatigue of the actors as well as necessary rests and loading times. STRADA will follow a modular design that will ease the sustainable use and a future extension of the simulation system. The chosen research area covers a wide range of landscapes from the Mediterranean lowlands, followed by different kinds of alpine regions, to a central European river landscape, which makes it easy adapt¬able to other times and places.

Mots-clés : dynamic simulation,ancient transport,roman empire
Projet ERC : AACCT (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Proof of concept grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : Trinity College Dublin — Pays : Irlande — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TCD
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 150000.0 €

Ever increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations and global emissions of 36 Gt/year impose unprecedented threats to the world’s ecosystem and endanger industrial human activities in their entirety. This AACCT project will establish a new advanced technology that facilitates efficient CO2 capture from air and results in a commercial, stand-alone prototype that will demonstrate its economical and ecological viability, outperforming all other emerging approaches to atmospheric CO2 capture. The technology takes advantage of unique, intrinsic micro- and macro-molecular structures of porous materials that were developed within the ERC SUPRAMOL and Science Foundation Ireland funded projects. These adsorbents reveal extraordinary affinity to CO2, are non-corrosive, non-toxic and are based on stable, cheap and abundant silica materials. The system operates in moist air whereby the CO2 recovery is facilitated at mild conditions under which the adsorbent is regenerated. These intrinsic characteristics in combination with the macro-structure of sub-millimetre pellets that enhances the ad/desorption kinetics, results in exceptionally low operational CO2 capture costs. The technology is modular and the number of capture units scales linearly with the desired CO2 quantity. It is not restricted to fixed locations or CO2 point sources and thus, can conceptionally lead to negative or net zero CO2 emissions. The AACCT technology will provide pure CO2 that can be sold, used or transformed within established or emerging chemical processes (i.e. methanol synthesis). Initially, it is envisaged that the systems, using low-grade waste heat, will be employed in energy-intensive industrial sectors requiring air circulation and cooling devices. A very modest adaptation of the AACCT prototypes can facilitate the reduction of Ireland’s greenhouse gas emissions by >10%, thus highlighting the potential impact and scalability of the proposed technology at European and global levels.

Mots-clés : porous materials,co2 capture,materials science,chemical engineering,synthetic chemistry
Projet ERC : FORMKIN (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : University of Amsterdam — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UvA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1232861.0 €

Every individual is connected to a network of kin --- her/his family in the broad sense of that term --- that develops and changes as the individual ages. Family network affect demographic, economic, and health-related aspects of life and society. Despite its undeniable importance, remarkably little formal theory exists to show how kin dynamics are determined by mortality, fertility, and other variables. This project will develop a comprehensive mathematical model for kinship. It will be applicable to any kind of kin, in any population, based on any kind of age-classified or multistate structure. At the individual level, it will provide deterministic and stochastic properties of kin and kin characterstics, account for both dead and living kin, apply to age-, stage-, or multistate models, incorporate time variation, and include a general sensitivity analysis. At the cohort level, it will yield the means and variances of the lifetime experience of kin of any specified type. At the population level, the models will provide the distributions of kin characteristics, and the sources of their variance, as a function of population growth, and provide a link to population projections. The mathematical methods will be based on a novel development of coupled systems of subsidized matrix population models and their stochastic counterparts, on variance partitioning within and between ages, and on stochastic models with rewards. The use of matrix methods will provide results vastly exceeding any approximate or simulation procedures now in use, and be readily implemented in matrix-oriented stastical software. As a proof of concept and to search for patterns, exploratory analyses will be conducted using national and international life table and fertility data, model life tables, and detailed individual register data. A sequence of research workshops are planned to help communicate the results and develop new ideas and applications.

Mots-clés : formal demography,population models,mortality,fertility,multistate models
Projet ERC : BUMP (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : University of London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : U. London
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 291667.75 €

Every single human is the product of a pregnancy: an approximately nine-month period during which a foetus develops within its mother’s body. Yet pregnancy has not been a traditional focus in philosophy. That is remarkable, for two reasons: First, because pregnancy presents fascinating philosophical problems: what, during the pregnancy, is the nature of the relationship between the foetus and the maternal organism? What is the relationship between the pregnant organism and the later baby? And when does one person or organism become two? Second, because so many topics immediately adjacent to or involved in pregnancy have taken centre stage in philosophical enquiry. Examples include questions about personhood, foetuses, personal identity and the self. This project launches the metaphysics of pregnancy as an important and fundamental area of philosophical research. The core aims of the project are: (1) to develop a philosophically sophisticated account of human pregnancy and birth, and the entities involved in this, that is attentive to our best empirical understanding of human reproductive biology; (2) to articulate the metaphysics of organisms, persons and selves in a way that acknowledges the details of how we come into existence; and (3) to start the process of rewriting the legal, social and moral language we use to classify ourselves and our actions, so that it is compatible with and can accommodate the nature of pregnancy. The project will investigate these questions in the context of a range of philosophical sub disciplines, including analytic metaphysics, philosophy of biology and feminist philosophy, and in close dialogue with our best empirical understanding of the life sciences – most notably physiology.

Mots-clés : philosophy of biology,gender studies,ethics and law
Projet ERC : BUMP (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : University of Southampton — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 981622.25 €

Every single human is the product of a pregnancy: an approximately nine-month period during which a foetus develops within its mother’s body. Yet pregnancy has not been a traditional focus in philosophy. That is remarkable, for two reasons: First, because pregnancy presents fascinating philosophical problems: what, during the pregnancy, is the nature of the relationship between the foetus and the maternal organism? What is the relationship between the pregnant organism and the later baby? And when does one person or organism become two? Second, because so many topics immediately adjacent to or involved in pregnancy have taken centre stage in philosophical enquiry. Examples include questions about personhood, foetuses, personal identity and the self. This project launches the metaphysics of pregnancy as an important and fundamental area of philosophical research. The core aims of the project are: (1) to develop a philosophically sophisticated account of human pregnancy and birth, and the entities involved in this, that is attentive to our best empirical understanding of human reproductive biology; (2) to articulate the metaphysics of organisms, persons and selves in a way that acknowledges the details of how we come into existence; and (3) to start the process of rewriting the legal, social and moral language we use to classify ourselves and our actions, so that it is compatible with and can accommodate the nature of pregnancy. The project will investigate these questions in the context of a range of philosophical sub disciplines, including analytic metaphysics, philosophy of biology and feminist philosophy, and in close dialogue with our best empirical understanding of the life sciences – most notably physiology.

Mots-clés : philosophy of biology,gender studies,ethics and law
Projet ERC : EARLYDETECT (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Proof of concept grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : University of Birmingham — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 150000.0 €

Every year, ovarian cancer (OC) kills more than 40 000 women in Europe and 150 000 worldwide. In large part this is due to the fact that most women are not diagnosed until advanced stages. There is an urgent unmet clinical need for screening tools for the early, accurate identification of OC. OC is associated with alterations in glycosylation of secreted glycoproteins, and as such, they can serve as early OC biomarkers. However, this knowledge has still not been translated into clinic due to the lack of assays that can differentiate subtle differences between glycan chains. For the first time, under the ERC consolidator grant-GLYCOSURF, we developed a synthetic glycan recognition platform that can sharply discriminate between different overall glycan structures (Patent No: WO2015/118294). Capitalizing on the knowledge of glycosylation variations in OC and our unique glycan recognition technology, we will be developing and clinically validating a new glycan-based test for detecting OC earlier and more effectively through a simple serum test. OC-associated glycans will be molecularly casted on fluorescent nanoparticles to create surface nanopockets with glycan receptors in a specific spatial arrangement to fit only OC-associated glycans. A microplate immunoassay with high sensitivity, selectivity and reproducibility will be developed, wherein the glycan-casted nanoparticles will provide a means for selectivity, signal amplification and fluorescent readout. Serum samples from OC patients and controls from women with benign tumours will be tested. The assay will be minimally-invasive, cost-effective and will be suitable for rapid, easily automatable, high-throughput screening, promoting swift translation into the clinical setting. This project offers therefore the potential to radically change the diagnostic standard of care for OC, ultimately saving lives and reducing the health, social and economic burden imposed by OC.

Mots-clés : highly specific molecular diagnostic,nanoparticle glycan recognition,glycan based assay,early ovarian cancer detection
Projet ERC : CoqHoTT (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer science and informatics
Entité participante : Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies du numérique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Inria
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1498290.0 €

Every year, software bugs cost hundreds of millions of euros to companies and administrations. Hence, software quality is a prevalent notion and interactive theorem provers based on type theory have shown their efficiency to prove correctness of important pieces of software like the C compiler of the CompCert project. One main interest of such theorem provers is the ability to extract directly the code from the proof. Unfortunately, their democratization suffers from a major drawback, the mismatch between equality in mathematics and in type theory. Thus, significant Coq developments have only been done by virtuosos playing with advanced concepts of computer science and mathematics. Recently, an extension of type theory with homotopical concepts such as univalence is gaining traction because it allows for the first time to marry together expected principles of equality. But the univalence principle has been treated so far as a new axiom which breaks one fundamental property of mechanized proofs: the ability to compute with programs that make use of this axiom. The main goal of the CoqHoTT project is to provide a new generation of proof assistants with a computational version of univalence and use them as a base to implement effective logical model transformation so that the power of the internal logic of the proof assistant needed to prove the correctness of a program can be decided and changed at compile time—according to a trade-off between efficiency and logical expressivity. Our approach is based on a radically new compilation phase technique into a core type theory to modularize the difficulty of finding a decidable type checking algorithm for homotopy type theory. The impact of the CoqHoTT project will be very strong. Even if Coq is already a success, this project will promote it as a major proof assistant, for both computer scientists and mathematicians. CoqHoTT will become an essential tool for program certification and formalization of mathematics.

Mots-clés : proof assistant,type theory,homotopy theory
Projet ERC : SDDM-TEA (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : Bocconi University — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 667875.0 €

Everyday actions involve an amount of uncertainty in the final outcome they will deliver. Following Knight's view, some of this uncertainty is “measurable” (Risk) while some of it is “not measurable” (Ambiguity). In Economics, understanding agents’ behavior under uncertainty is of fundamental importance. For many years, and in both contexts, the standard model of decision making has been the Expected Utility model. Since the famous thought experiments of Allais and Ellsberg, many alternative approaches and departures from Expected Utility were proposed. Our research agenda has two main goals. First, we aim to show how different approaches and concepts in Decision Theory are connected to each other: namely, incompleteness of preferences, violations of Independence, preference for randomization, the certainty effect, and random choice. Economists have long understood the relevance of these behavioral phenomena, and more and more models are now including them in applications, for example in Macroeconomics and Finance. A deeper understanding of these phenomena and of their relationship would significantly benefit research in several fields of Economics. More practically, it will help in developing comprehensive models in which these biases are linked to each other benefiting more applied research. Second, decision theorists have studied Ambiguity mostly in static (atemporal) contexts that are insufficient for the analysis of the steady state and dynamic decision problems that characterize applications. Thus, for example, as a result, Macro-Finance mostly keeps relying on traditional decision models that cannot properly cope with model uncertainty. We intend to develop a general theory of recursive intertemporal preference models under uncertainty to address this important issue. We expect that the novel theoretical findings of our research agenda will push the research frontier and will be relevant for the analysis of the role of uncertainty in several fields.

Mots-clés : risk,ambiguity,random choice,incomplete preferences,recursive preferences,certainty effect
Projet ERC : Evoland (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution
Entité participante : Universidad Pablo de Olavide — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UPO
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 112063.75 €

Evolution of animal morphology relies on changes in developmental programs that control body plans and organ shape. Such changes are thought to arise form alteration of the expression of functionally conserved developmental genes and their vast downstream networks. Although this hypothesis has a profound impact on the way we view animal evolution, final proof is still lacking. The hypothesis calls for evolution to take place mainly through modifications of cis-regulatory elements (CREs) controlling gene expression. However, these genomic regions are precisely those that we understand the least and, until recently, basic knowledge on how regulatory information is organized in the 3D genome or how to spatio-temporally assign CREs to their target genes was unknown. The advent of next generation sequencing-based tools has made possible to identify genome-wide CREs and reveal how they are organized in the 3D genome. But this new knowledge has been largely ignored by most hypotheses on the evolution of gene expression, development and animal morphology. These new high-throughput methods have been mainly restricted to selected model organisms, and due to the lack of sequence conservation of CREs across lineages, we still have very limited information about the impact of CREs on animal morphology evolution. By integrating in a systematic and phylogenetically driven manner the contribution of CREs and their 3D organization to animal morphology at different evolutionary scales, we will for the first time link evolution, regulatory information, genome 3D architecture and morphology. We will apply this strategy to study animal morphology along the evolution of deuterostome body plans, the generation of fin morphological diversity in vertebrates, and the recent phenotypic changes in fish adapted to cave environments. Our proposal will make ground-breaking advances in our understanding of the global principles underlying the evolution of cis-regulatory DNA and animal form.

Mots-clés : evolution,regulatory landscapes,regulatory regions,genetics,genomics,deuterostomes,sea urchin,amphioxus,zebrafish,skates,cavefish
Projet ERC : Evoland (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution
Entité participante : Spanish National Research Council — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CSIC
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1816027.44 €

Evolution of animal morphology relies on changes in developmental programs that control body plans and organ shape. Such changes are thought to arise form alteration of the expression of functionally conserved developmental genes and their vast downstream networks. Although this hypothesis has a profound impact on the way we view animal evolution, final proof is still lacking. The hypothesis calls for evolution to take place mainly through modifications of cis-regulatory elements (CREs) controlling gene expression. However, these genomic regions are precisely those that we understand the least and, until recently, basic knowledge on how regulatory information is organized in the 3D genome or how to spatio-temporally assign CREs to their target genes was unknown. The advent of next generation sequencing-based tools has made possible to identify genome-wide CREs and reveal how they are organized in the 3D genome. But this new knowledge has been largely ignored by most hypotheses on the evolution of gene expression, development and animal morphology. These new high-throughput methods have been mainly restricted to selected model organisms, and due to the lack of sequence conservation of CREs across lineages, we still have very limited information about the impact of CREs on animal morphology evolution. By integrating in a systematic and phylogenetically driven manner the contribution of CREs and their 3D organization to animal morphology at different evolutionary scales, we will for the first time link evolution, regulatory information, genome 3D architecture and morphology. We will apply this strategy to study animal morphology along the evolution of deuterostome body plans, the generation of fin morphological diversity in vertebrates, and the recent phenotypic changes in fish adapted to cave environments. Our proposal will make ground-breaking advances in our understanding of the global principles underlying the evolution of cis-regulatory DNA and animal form.

Mots-clés : evolution,regulatory landscapes,regulatory regions,genetics,genomics,deuterostomes,sea urchin,amphioxus,zebrafish,skates,cavefish