Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : WeEqualize (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Soci al World and Its Interactions
Entité participante : Institut universitaire européen de Florence — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : EUI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499146.0 €

The gender revolution framework predicts a seemingly linear progression leading to a dramatic convergence in men’s and women’s roles in paid work and at home. Yet gender convergence appears stalled by conflicting structural and cultural factors across industrialized countries. Existing theoretical perspectives fail to simultaneously predict how the gender revolution shapes couple-level work-family patterns across countries and time for those with lower, middle, and higher socio-economic resources.  WeEqualize will address the intertwined implications of the gender revolution—including changing gender beliefs, rising labor market insecurity, and the increasing retreat from partnerships—in shaping social inequalities in work-family strategies among different-sex couples across 24 countries from the 1960s to nowadays. WeEqualize will provide the first comprehensive characterization and quantification of social inequalities in work-family strategies across industrialized countries and over the long run. It aims to: identify a couple-level typology of work-family strategies; examine the prevalence of these strategies by education and across countries; evaluate the role of contextual factors in shaping work-family strategies; assess how historical and contemporary estimates of work-family strategies are shaped by changing demographic trends, and project future trends in work-family strategies for the coming decades; as well as collect and leverage new survey-based experimental data across different contexts to disentangle the role of gender beliefs from labor market constraints in shaping what type of work-family strategies couples choose and why.  By combining innovative computational methods with multiple nationally representative studies, as well as collecting new survey-experimental data, WeEqualize will challenge and reframe our theoretical understanding of how gender equality progresses within and across families now and in the future.

Mots-clés : gender,work family,cross national,inequality,education,time use,couples
Projet ERC : NANOGROWDIRECT (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : Université de Cantabrie — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2125000.0 €

Due to their unique physicochemical properties, nanopatterned surfaces can contribute to important technological innovations for efficient optical and communication devices, long-lasting batteries, and ultrasensitive diagnostic devices. Bottom-up synthesis enable to construct nanomaterials atom-by-atom from precursors using synthetic chemistry, usually producing colloidal nanoparticle suspensions that are later assembled on a surface. Alternatively, the fabrication process can be greatly simplified by instead applying bottom-up growth directly on a substrate. However, these “in situ” growth routes remain largely unexplored and poorly understood.  To address this knowledge gap and improve versatility and quality of this class of approaches, I propose to use an unconventional methodology called “chemical contrast in situ growth” or CC-iSG, where precise nanometric chemical contrast drives nanostructure formation at pre-determined sites.  With NANOGROWDIRECT, I will develop a foundational understanding of CC-iSG through the interrogation of fundamental synthetic aspects, and maximize its potential for achieving exemplary control over nanoscale properties of nanosurfaces and metamaterials. I will interrogate the effect of the identity, concentration, and delivery of various reactants to the pre-determined reaction sites, with focus on chemical control (Objective 1) and fluid dynamic control (Objective 2). I will also test the use non-chemical external factors, such as electromagnetic fields (Objective 3), and electrochemical potentials (Objective 4).  In the short term, CC-iSG will open up unexplored directions for engineering physicochemical properties of patterned nanosurfaces, combining wet-chemistry and external stimuli. Consequently in the long term, the far-reaching impacts of NANOGROWDIRECT will go beyond the field of nanochemistry, and yield breakthroughs in (photo/electro)catalysis, energy production and storage, medicine, and communications.

Mots-clés : in situ growth,chemical contrast,heterogeneous nucleation,colloidal chemistry,soft lithography,microfluidics,light matter interactions,electrochemistry,metasurfaces
Projet ERC : ORE (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Texts and Concepts
Entité participante : Université de Jyväskylä — Pays : Finlande — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1986991.0 €

Videogames have become one of the most prevalent forms of cultural production around the world. While their role in teaching and physical culture (“esports”) keeps growing, the health debates on videogame play, or gaming, culminated in 2019 with the World Health Organization’s historical decision to add “gaming disorder” to the International Classification of Diseases. This made gaming, next to gambling, the first and only cultural product with a diagnostic category of addictive use. The above echoes a greater conflict between culture and human development: how can science address potential problems in intensive technology use, when intensive use is also globally integrated into healthy everyday living? To build a foundation for answering this question, I pursue a Meta-Phenomenological Taxonomy of intensive gaming on three levels of lived experience: play, health, and design interaction. The taxonomy is “meta-phenomenological” in the sense that it is structured on the experiences of intensively gaming individuals. These experiences surface in distinct sociocultural contexts in interaction with specific videogame designs, which are the studied meta-areas. This interdisciplinary project is cross-cultural, longitudinal, and qualitative. Participants with and without health problems (n=240) will be followed for three years in South Korea, Slovakia, and Finland. In collaboration with clinical experts, phenomenological interviews are carried out with diaries that include gaming activity logs. The design structures of the videogames in the participants’ lives are analyzed to map out the phenomenological forest of health and play with specific design interactions. The elements are refined into a taxonomy that not only serves as a new foundation for “gaming disorders” but also situates such instances in the colorful spectrum of diverse lives and designs at large—providing grounds for sustainable future theory development at the intersection of health, culture, and design.

Mots-clés : gaming,media studies,mental disorders,open science,play,technology,videogames
Projet ERC : ACCESSTECH (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer Science and Informatics
Entité participante : Université technique de Vienne — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TU Wien
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499910.0 €

How is access experienced in interaction with modern technologies? Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) has a tradition of asking questions around functionality in the context of assistive and accessible technologies. However, the additional aspects of lived experiences with disabilities are often secondary to the questions and interests driven by non-disabled researchers. This approach risks producing artefacts that might be functionally accessible, but are deemed as undesirable, unwanted or even harmful by disabled communities themselves. With an increased move towards digitising aspects of our everyday lives, there is an urgent need to understand the fundamentals of how access can be conceptualised, implemented and flexible to situated engagements. ACCESSTECH investigates the deeper theories behind access as a component affecting interaction with technologies for disabled people through Participatory Research through Design. Drawing on the PI's outstanding track record in critical analysis and participatory design practices within HCI (including 14 award-winning papers), we approach experiences of access along four paths of inquiry: 1) We identify the needed research and design parameters enabling us to produce knowledges about access-enabling technologies. 2) We establish which methods are required to design and develop critical technologies that are rooted in disability cultures as well as accepted and desired by disabled people. 3) We explore a range of different technologies to understand how they afford different kinds of access experiences. 4) We conceptualise and articulate access experiences as a distinct aspect shaping the interactive characteristics of modern technologies on a theoretical level. Each of these paths informs disability centred practices and theories in HCI, though, collectively, ACCESSTECH represents a fundamental paradigm shift in the ways we encounter disabilities and technologies.

Mots-clés : access,human computer interaction,participatory design,research through design,experience
Projet ERC : MirandaTesting (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer Science and Informatics
Entité participante : Université technique de Vienne — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TU Wien
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499991.0 €

Program analyzers act as guards for ensuring reliability of modern-day software. But who guards the guards themselves? Due to their high complexity and sophisticated algorithms, analyzers are likely to contain critical bugs, which we define as those leading to wrong results, e.g., returning `correct' for incorrect software. Such bugs may have detrimental consequences, especially in safety-critical settings. It is, therefore, imperative to be able to detect them.  Verifying the absence of critical bugs in a program analyzer is prohibitively expensive. Contrary to verification, automated test generation can be used to effectively find such bugs. Existing testing approaches, however, are still in their infancy for this application domain.  To address this issue, MirandaTesting will develop the first principled methodology for testing a wide range of program analyzers. At its core, our methodology exposes more information about why an analyzer computes a particular result; it then uses this information to interrogate the analyzer aiming to force it into a contradiction, thus revealing a critical bug. The project has the following goals:  1. Design a general framework for testing program analyzers using the  MirandaTesting methodology;  2. Develop interrogation strategies pertaining to eleven prevalent  classes of program analyzers;  3. Demonstrate the effectiveness of concrete instantiations of the  general framework and interrogation strategies for several popular  program analyzers from each class;  4. Focus on disseminating our methodology and infrastructure.  If successful, MirandaTesting will enable systematic testing of entire program-analyzer classes. As a result, analyzers will exhibit fewer critical bugs, potentially preventing catastrophic outcomes in safety-critical domains.

Mots-clés : automated testing,program analysis,formal methods
Projet ERC : SPECTRO (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Environmental B iology, Ecology  and E volution
Entité participante : Université suédoise des sciences agricoles — Pays : Suède — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : SLU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1500000.0 €

While the latitudinal diversity gradient is one of the rare patterns that might be considered general and widely accepted in ecology, the latitudinal specialisation gradient remains controversial. Ecological specialisation varies greatly across the tree of life, with clades that depend on a host organism for survival being among the most specialised. Understanding the processes that produce the global pattern of increasing host specialisation with decreasing latitude would be a breakthrough in the field of evolutionary ecology. This project will investigate the causes and consequences of higher host specialisation in the tropics, focusing on fundamental repertoires (expressed and non-expressed host use abilities). First, we will test if tropical species are genetically more specialised to their hosts by identifying host-associated gene modules and reconstructing their evolution across tropical and temperate species in the tribe Nymphalini. Then, we will test if higher specialisation is an artifact of data scarcity in the tropics. For that, we will develop an efficient approach for data collection based on interaction prediction, and produce a comprehensive dataset of fundamental and realised host repertoires for tropical Melitaeini butterflies. Then, including the entire Nymphalidae family, we will test if evolution of species interactions in the tropics favours specialisation. We will apply a combination of phylogenetic and network analyses to existing global datasets (augmented with all data produced in this project) to unravel how fundamental host repertoires evolve and whether current theory is able to explain tropical interactions equally well as the better-studied temperate interactions. Finally, we will quantify the consequences of host specialisation in a changing world in terms of risk of coextinction. The frameworks developed here can be easily expanded to other symbiont-host systems, increasing the significance of this research far beyond butterflies.

Mots-clés : butterfly plant interactions,specialisation,interaction prediction,phylogenetic inference,ancestral networks,coextinction
Projet ERC : FOrbQ (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental Constituents of Matter
Entité participante : Université de Strathclyde — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2234475.0 €

Fermions are ubiquitous in nature, and the study of fermionic systems with strong correlations lies at the centre of many fundamental and relevant problems in modern physics and chemistry. Any microscopic simulation not only needs to treat exponentially large Hilbert spaces but also has to accurately represent the fermionic exchange statistics. However, classical numerical methods suffer from a well-known sign problem, and conventional gate-based quantum computers employ distinguishable spin-1/2 degrees of freedom, which requires a significant algorithmic overhead for handling fermionic systems.  FOrbQ will be the first quantum processor with digital gates that addresses the anticommutation on the hardware level by using fermionic neutral atoms. Drawing from my ten-year experience with optical superlattices and quantum gas microscopes, I will develop stable, programmable tunnelling and exchange gates in an optical lattice with full local control over the tunnelling rates. With tunable collisions of atoms and a rapid cycle time, FOrbQ introduces a digital bottom-up approach for the simulation of strongly correlated Fermi systems. By directly controlling the coupling between fermionic spin orbitals, FOrbQ will implement local 2D Hamiltonians efficiently without the cumbersome fermion-to-spin qubit mapping. I will apply the novel hardware to open questions of hole pairing and exotic superconductivity in the Hubbard model, as well as perform the first simulations of molecules. Inherently, the atoms implement particle-number conservation and spin symmetries, making FOrbQ a powerful platform for electron simulations from multi-band Hubbard models to quantum chemistry.  FOrbQ combines well-tested robust technologies of ultracold atoms with concepts from quantum computing to create the first fermionic quantum computer and outline a clear path towards a practical quantum advantage for the simulation of electrons.

Mots-clés : quantum simulation,quantum computer,
Projet ERC : SIREN (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Systems and Communication Engineering
Entité participante : Université de technologie de Darmstadt — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499738.0 €

Robot learning has made remarkable strides thanks to high-capacity neural models and extensive datasets. However, there are persisting research questions concerning large-scale robot learning models: are massive architectures and data needed for achieving robotic embodied intelligence to solve tasks intuitive to humans? And how can we make substantial progress toward robust and adaptive robot learning systems to operate in the dynamic real world? I posit that these open problems stem from overlooking the underlying principles and structure that govern the intricate robot-environment interaction and evolution.  SIREN addresses these pressing issues by proposing a unique systemic view of robot learning through the holistic representation of robot and environment as an integrated system. To achieve this, we will unveil key properties of the action-perception cycle for developing embodied intelligence by studying the intertwined flow of information and energy within the components of the holistic system. For that, we propose a framework that pioneers information-driven and physics-aware objectives that encompass the learning from embodied multisensorial streams of a modular graph representation of the robot-environment system and its dynamics, backed by the versatility of graph neural networks, allowing for modular uncertainty estimation to promote robustness. Eventually, we will yield resilient dynamics for training uncertainty-aware, composable skills to adapt to new tasks. SIREN's breakthroughs will enable robots, like humanoid mobile manipulators, to merge in unstructured, human-like settings and perform challenging tasks that require smooth and efficient perception-action coordination, balancing generalization and robustness in the face of inevitable real-world uncertainties. Our paradigm shift opens avenues for future groundbreaking research rooted in SIREN's impacts toward continuous robot learning systems that are integrated and evolve with their environment.

Mots-clés : robot learning,multisensory perception,graph neural networks,mobile manipulation
Projet ERC : MotLang (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : Université de technologie de Darmstadt — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1409163.0 €

This proposal belongs to the field of arithmetic geometry and lies at the interface of number theory, algebraic geometry and the theory of automorphic forms. More precisely, I aim to use algebraic cycles in the form of motivic sheaves to address fundamental questions about the Langlands program for function fields. This aims at motivic Langlands parametrizations. The Langlands program predicts a decomposition of the space of automorphic forms by motivic Langlands parameters. A breakthrough of V. Lafforgue for function fields with generalizations by Xue, Zhu, Drinfeld and Gaitsgory led to tremendous progress in the construction of l-adic Langlands parameters. The recent work of Fargues--Scholze for non-Archimedean local fields uses similar techniques in another context. This should be viewed as the l-adic realization of the conjectured motivic parametrization. Independently, recent advances for motivic sheaves, as envisioned by Grothendieck and realized by Voevodsky, Ayoub, Cisinski--Déglise, provide powerful techniques to handle algebraic cycles. Despite the immense progress in both areas, hardly any advances have been made specifying the motivic nature of Langlands original prediction. My project aims to develop new tools to make motivic sheaves amenable for applications in the Langlands program for function fields. In my ongoing joint work with Scholbach, we have successfully implemented key constructions such as IC-Chow groups of shtuka spaces and the motivic Satake equivalence (Math. Ann.) bypassing the use of standard conjectures on algebraic cycles. As in my joint work with Haines, this in particular requires to study the geometry of infinite dimensional varieties such as the affine Grassmannian. Based on these results, I will attack the longstanding open problem on the relation of automorphic forms and motives in the function field case.

Mots-clés : langlands program,motives,function fields
Projet ERC : OTTOWAQF (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Study of the Human Past
Entité participante : Université Sabancı — Pays : Turquie — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : SÜ
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 68700.0 €

This project investigates how pious endowments shaped state-building in the Ottoman Empire between 1450 and 1650. Pious endowments (waqf, singular) were trusts of property devoted to charitable activities that constituted the most widespread and powerful social institutions within the empire and across Islamic societies, yet their significance for state formation has been overlooked. Previous scholarship in the field focuses on the development of institutions directed by Ottoman sultans to produce models of the state that emphasize unfettered sultanic authority. This project overturns that view by focusing on how social institutions in the form of pious endowments limited, enhanced, and shaped the character of the Ottoman state. The approach will radically reshape our understanding of the Ottoman Empire by demonstrating how a diverse range of social actors from across the empire created the early modern Ottoman state. In doing so, OTTOWAQF will fundamentally reconceive our understanding of how empire worked outside Europe. To do this, OTTOWAQF will scrutinize a large body of legal and accounting records related to endowments to produce a comprehensive survey of their management, administration, and interaction with the state across south-eastern Europe, Anatolia, and the Arab provinces of the empire. OTTOWAQF will produce a database with a web portal offering comprehensive coverage of these endowments, including key metadata on their functioning over two centuries. In addition, the project team will complete an edited volume, one doctoral dissertation, five journal articles, and three monographs, culminating in a new synthesis that explains state-building in the Ottoman Empire. OTTOWAQF will offer a path-breaking approach to imperial state formation outside Europe that will open up new frontiers in the study of comparative empire and socio-economic and legal history.

Mots-clés : early modern empires,state formation,islamic endowments waqf