Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : DeciGUT (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer science and informatics
Entité participante : TU Dresden — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TUD
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1814937.0 €

Logic-based knowledge representation (KR) constitutes a vital area of IT. The field inspires and guides scientific and technological developments enabling intelligent management of large and complex knowledge resources. Elaborate languages for specifying knowledge (so-called ontology languages) and querying it have been defined and standardized. Algorithms for automated reasoning and intelligent querying over knowledge resources are being developed, implemented and practically deployed on a wide scale. Thereby, decidability investigations play a pivotal role to characterize what reasoning or querying tasks are at all computationally solvable. Past decades have seen a proliferation of new decidable formalisms for KR, dominated by two major paradigms: description logics and rule-based approaches, most notably existential rules. Recently, these research lines have started to converge and first progress has been made toward identifying commonalities among the various formalisms. Still, the underlying principles for establishing their decidability remain disparate, ranging from proof-theoretic notions to model-theoretic ones. DeciGUT will accomplish a major breakthrough in the field by establishing a "Grand Unified Theory" of decidability. We will provide a novel, powerful model-theoretic criterion inspired by advanced graph-theoretic notions. We will prove that the criterion indeed ensures decidability and that it subsumes most of (if not all) currently known decidable formalisms in the KR field. We will exploit our results toward the definition of novel decidable KR languages of unprecedented expressivity. We will ultimately extend our framework to encompass more advanced KR features beyond standard first order logic such as counting and non-monotonic aspects. Our research will draw from and significantly impact the scientific fields of AI, Database Theory and Logic, but also give rise to drastically improved practical information management technology.

Mots-clés : decidability,existential rules,description logics,ontological query answering,tgds,datalog,expressivity,model theory
Projet ERC : CIVILSPACE (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : LMU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1616726.25 €

Long considered a problem of ‘third countries’, concerns about ‘shrinking civil society space’ have moved to the heart of the European Union: confronted with the challenges of domestic terrorism, financial crisis and populist government numerous member states have passed legislation constraining civil society organizations (CSOs) (e.g. EC 2018; CoE 2018; FRA 2018). Indeed, since the early 2000s, government control over and repression of civil society increased in 2/3rds of member states. This project proposes the first theoretization and comprehensive assessment of the drivers and repercussions of the ‘shrinking of legal space’ for CSOs in the EU. It asks: How and why have EU member states altered the legal environments of CSOs over the last two decades? How do legal differences shape CSO activities central to assuring legal and political equality within organized civil society? The theoretical framework on the drivers and organizational repercussions of ‘legally defined’ civil society space will be examined through a sophisticated, interdisciplinary, mixed-methods design. Work package 1 examines the impact on CSO law of major challenges (domestic terrorism, financial crises, populist governments) as mediated by member states’ historically grown dispositions towards or against restricting civil society. This is done through the first comprehensive statistical assessment of the changing legal restrictiveness in both framework legislation and ‘organization-specific legal regimes’ tailored to six CSO types (e.g. unions, religious, pro-immigrant CSOs) in 12 EU member states (2000-22). On that basis, Work package 2 examines in a subset of six countries through qualitative case studies how public authorities implement CSO legislation and through large-scale CSO surveys with an in-built experiment CSOs’ political engagement and their resistance against government through public contestation and legal action considering law-conforming and chilling effects of regulation.

Mots-clés : civil society restrictions,cross national research,legislative reform,organizational response
Projet ERC : CIVILSPACE (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Eötvös Loránd University — Pays : Hongrie — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : ELTE
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 159500.0 €

Long considered a problem of ‘third countries’, concerns about ‘shrinking civil society space’ have moved to the heart of the European Union: confronted with the challenges of domestic terrorism, financial crisis and populist government numerous member states have passed legislation constraining civil society organizations (CSOs) (e.g. EC 2018; CoE 2018; FRA 2018). Indeed, since the early 2000s, government control over and repression of civil society increased in 2/3rds of member states. This project proposes the first theoretization and comprehensive assessment of the drivers and repercussions of the ‘shrinking of legal space’ for CSOs in the EU. It asks: How and why have EU member states altered the legal environments of CSOs over the last two decades? How do legal differences shape CSO activities central to assuring legal and political equality within organized civil society? The theoretical framework on the drivers and organizational repercussions of ‘legally defined’ civil society space will be examined through a sophisticated, interdisciplinary, mixed-methods design. Work package 1 examines the impact on CSO law of major challenges (domestic terrorism, financial crises, populist governments) as mediated by member states’ historically grown dispositions towards or against restricting civil society. This is done through the first comprehensive statistical assessment of the changing legal restrictiveness in both framework legislation and ‘organization-specific legal regimes’ tailored to six CSO types (e.g. unions, religious, pro-immigrant CSOs) in 12 EU member states (2000-22). On that basis, Work package 2 examines in a subset of six countries through qualitative case studies how public authorities implement CSO legislation and through large-scale CSO surveys with an in-built experiment CSOs’ political engagement and their resistance against government through public contestation and legal action considering law-conforming and chilling effects of regulation.

Mots-clés : civil society restrictions,cross national research,legislative reform,organizational response
Projet ERC : LoCoLight (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : Aalto University — Pays : Finlande — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 149895.0 €

Low cost coherent light sources from nanoparticle array surface plasmon polariton systems Lasers are ubiquitous sources of coherent light used in technology and everyday life, from optical communications enabling the internet to the lasers used in manufacturing, medical care and information storage. Coherent light sources with a small footprint, that are ultrafast and low cost, have low energy consumption could be used in sensor, switch and biomedical applications. Based on recent results of the PI's ERC Advanced project, nanolasers (lasers operating below the diffraction limit) that utilize non-radiative, so-called dark states have recently been demonstrated with organic materials. We have also just achieved a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of photons in a similar system, which produces coherent light like a laser, but its formation mechanism is different: thermalization followed by bosonic stimulation, instead of just stimulated emission as in a laser. Thus, the usage and operation conditions of a luminous BEC can be complementary to a laser. This project will make such novel nanoscale coherent light sources cheap enough to be used in practical applications and demonstrate their use for example in sensor systems.

Mots-clés : bose einstein condensates,lasing,nanolasers,light emitting diodes,coherence,low power
Projet ERC : INTEGRATE (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : National University of Ireland — Pays : Irlande — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : NUI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 245000.0 €

Lower back pain is a global epidemiological and socioeconomic problem. Biomaterial and cell-based therapies have been pursued for the treatment of degenerated intervertebral disc (IVD), with a number of clinical trials underway. However, the degenerated intervertebral disc has a distinct environment (e.g. altered oxygen, glucose, acidity, inflammatory cytokine levels) that is unique to an individual (i.e. patient-specific) and will ultimately determine the likelihood and rate at which regeneration can occur. A “one size fits all” approach will lead to the failure to demonstrate efficacy of advanced therapies, as they are not being designed or personalised for individual patients. This proposal envisions a future whereby advanced gene activated cell therapies are personalised (targeting regeneration or modulating inflammation) to treat back pain based on knowing the individuals unique disc microenvironment. This will be achieved through profiling of individual patient disc microenvironmental factors, with in vitro screening and in silico modelling to design cell therapies and predict regeneration outcomes (Aim 1) combined with the development of tailored functionalised gene activated biomaterials (Aim 2), to enhance matrix formation and modulate the inflammatory processes (Aim 3). Gene-based therapy offers several advantages over direct delivery of proteins or small molecules, among them the possibility of sustained efficacy and endogenous synthesis of growth factors or suppression of inflammatory factors and pathways. The platform technology (personalised gene activated biomaterials to regulate regeneration and inflammation) and knowledge (tailoring cell therapies to suit patient-specific microenvironments) generated through this research are beyond the current state-of-the-art and will provide a significant transformative scientific and clinical step change opening new horizons in minimally-invasive therapeutic strategies.

Mots-clés : injectable hydrogels,tissue regeneration,spine,stem cells
Projet ERC : LUNG-BIOREPAIR (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering
Entité participante : Centre for Genomic Regulation — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CRG;CRG-CERCA
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2973296.0 €

Lung diseases are a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Dysregulation of immunomodulatory molecules plays a key role in many pulmonary diseases, including lung cancer, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and infections. In IPF acute or chronic inflammation results in senescence of the alveolar cells with telomere shortening and/or dysregulation of miRNAs. Modulating the immune response directly or its downstream repercussions could be a possible way to help treat lung diseases. Systemic treatment with immunomodulatory molecules however, can have several drawbacks and include toxic side effects in other organs, the need for continuous delivery and a high cost of production. Similarly, treating immunomodulatory repercussions such as telomere shortening or abnormal miRNA expression in target cells is not easy due to the lack of a technology that efficiently and specifically delivers RNA. Furthermore, viral transformation can result in toxicity and is associated with high costs. To circumvent these problems, we aim to engineer the genome-reduced lung bacterium Mycoplasma pneumoniae as a vector to locally express immunomodulatory proteins, and/or to deliver protein¬–RNA complexes into alveolar cells (Mycovector). M. pneumoniae does not have a cell wall, it directly releases secreted biomolecules into the medium, it does not recombine, it has a unique genetic code that prevents the transfer of genes to other bacteria and we have a non-pathogenic engineered version of it. To design this Mycovector, we will combine our experience in this organism with our know-how in protein design (http://foldxsuite.crg.eu/). We will use our Mycovector expressing different combinations of active biomolecules to treat bleomycin-induced IPF in mice. This project will not only offer new insights into the treatment of a currently incurable disease, but also show that bacterial chassis can be used in other organs different from the gut paving the way to other applications in human health.

Mots-clés : bacterial therapy,synthetic biology,protein design,lung fibrosis
Projet ERC : TECNEC (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing
Entité participante : Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie — Pays : Belgique — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : VIB
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2500000.0 €

MAIN GOAL: To characterize the metabolic changes, fuelling growth of tumor endothelial cells (TECs) versus normal healthy endothelial cells (NECs), and identify & validate metabolic genes, deregulated in TECs, as targets for anti-angiogenic cancer therapy. BACKGROUND & RATIONALE: Tumors stimulate blood vessel growth (angiogenesis) to nourish cancer cells, but current anti-angiogenic treatments lack sufficient efficacy. NECs are widely used for anti-angiogenesis development, but TECs, the real target cells, have been dismissed, even though they differ fundamentally from NECs. We pioneered NEC metabolism research and demonstrated that inhibition of specific metabolic pathways can block angiogenesis. Nothing is however known on TEC metabolism. I hypothesize that TECs “hyper-activate” their metabolism in a tissue-specific manner, and that targeting TEC metabolism is a novel concept for inhibiting tumor angiogenesis. METHODOLOGY: We will perform a transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of TECs & NECs isolated from cancer patients, use an in-house developed bioinformatics platform (BIOMEX) to analyze the omics data in order to rank deregulated metabolic genes, and construct TEC-tailored genome scale metabolic network models (GEMs) allowing in silico computational modeling to predict metabolic targets that affect TEC but not NEC growth. The in vitro angiogenic activity of top targets will be biologically validated directly or after a negative selection shRNA-based screen, followed by validation in preclinical tumor models in vivo, using conditional knockout mice. All procedures are operational. Deliverables include in vivo validated metabolic targets, driving tumor angiogenesis. NOVELTY, OVERALL & CLINICAL IMPACT: These pioneering studies on TEC metabolism promise to open up new horizons/opportunities for cancer research. Treatment with inhibitors of the validated targets promises to normalize hyperactive TEC metabolism as a novel anti-angiogenic cancer therapy.

Mots-clés : angiogenesis,endothelial cells,endothelial cell metabolism,anti angiogenic therapy
Projet ERC : MIMIc (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : KU Leuven — Pays : Belgique — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : KUL
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1500000.0 €

MIMIc will develop and establish a new theoretical perspective that will fundamentally redirect the current research on idealised representations of life in mass and social media and their effects on (adolescent) audiences. MIMIc combines insights from cultural sociology, media theory, and developmental psychology to define the effects of ‘malleable ideals’ in media. Malleable ideals are idealised representations of different achievements and are characterised by the malleability that surrounds these achievements; they approach ideals from a utilitarian, individualistic discourse that links personal responsibility and dedication with both the failure and success of achievements. By focusing on malleable ideals and thus applying a sociocultural analysis to media ideals, a crucial perspective will be added to our understanding of the development of adolescents and, more precisely, the pressures they experience. These pressures are viewed as an important factor in the relatively high prevalence of both internalising and externalising problems in adolescence. Content analytical, diary, and longitudinal studies in three different cultural contexts will be triangulated to develop a theoretical model: MIME. Content analyses map the extent to which media abound with aesthetic, sexual, professional, romantic, and social ideals as well as the importance of malleability in these representations. Longitudinal and diary research examine the internalisation of these ideals as a key explanatory process for the effects they may have both on outcomes regarding personal and societal problems and among different groups of adolescents. The multimethod approach further allows the theorisation and testing of the role of varying time intervals associated with understanding the effects of mediated ideals. For this research, the applicant who is experienced in multimethod research on media effects among adolescents will compose and lead a cross-national team of researchers.

Mots-clés : media psychology,media effects,media ideals,adolescence,well being,communication theory,differential susceptibility
Projet ERC : MINiTEXTS (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : University of Oslo — Pays : Norvège — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UiO
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2492450.0 €

MINiTEXTS seeks to systematically study early medieval minuscule texts, i.e. short texts of which large numbers were added to blank spaces of Latin manuscripts from c. 700 to c. 1000 and which manuscript scholars refer to as “microtexts,” “guest texts,” or “additions.” Unlike such manuscripts’ main texts, minuscule texts are seldom characterized by identifiable authors or easily traceable histories of textual transmission. As a result, textual and cultural historians tended to either neglect them or compartmentalize them within highly specialized disciplines. By contrast, MINiTEXTS examines minuscule texts across commonly accepted disciplinary boundaries, as a unique corpus of practical knowledge deeply embedded in the social praxis of early medieval society. By establishing the first taxonomy of such texts, MINiTEXTS will fill a significant gap in knowledge of their production, use, and functions. Further, MINiTEXTS aspires to understand the “social logic” of minuscule texts as well as the social, religious, and cultural practices that they signify by developing a transferable methodology inspired by theoretical insights and methods of cultural history, material philology, material codicology, performative theory, and digital humanities. By analyzing historical, textual, codicological, and performative contexts of individual minuscule texts and setting the resulting microhistories within a longue durée perspective, MINiTEXTS promises significant gain in the understanding of early medieval heterogenous culture. MINiTEXTS will thus allow the hitherto marginalized voices of early medieval manuscript culture to be articulated in the current debates over several intertwined issues of medieval cultural history, such as the correlation between the norm and diversity in liturgical practices, the interplay among orthodoxy, heterodoxy, and deviance in religious practices, and the relationships among religion, magic, and medicine in medieval culture.

Mots-clés : early medieval culture,minuscule texts,practical knowledge,knowledge transmission,social practices,religious practices,early medieval liturgy,early medieval magic,early medieval cultures of healing
Projet ERC : MMS-II (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : Ghent University — Pays : Belgique — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UGent
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2000000.0 €

MMS-II pursues the hypothesis that the Mamluk sultanate was a cultural product constructed in the interaction between state formation and historiography. MMS-II follows up from the ERC-project MMS' focus on the social production of power networks in the Syro-Egyptian sultanate between the 1410s and 1460s, but it does so by directing the themes of political history and Arabic historiography towards entirely new, unexplored horizons. Current understanding of the late medieval Middle East continues to rely heavily on the rich Arabic historiographical production of the period. However, the particular nature, impact and value of this highly politicized historiography remains hugely underexplored and underestimated. MMS-II aims to remedy this, by arguing with and beyond instead of against or outside of this historiography’s subjectivities. It wants to understand its texts as products of particular socio-cultural practices and, at the same time, as a particular type of actors in such practices. Analytically, state formation will be prioritised as one extremely relevant patterned set of effects of such practices. Heuristically, the project will focus on practices related to claims of historical truth and order, asking how Arabic historiographical texts written between the 1410s and the 1460s related to the regularly changing social orders that were produced around the different sultans of these decades. My main hypothesis is that of these texts' active participation in the construction of a particular social memory of one longstanding sultanate of military slaves (‘Mamlukisation’). MMS-II has three specific objectives: the creation of a reference tool for Arabic historiographical texts from the period 1410-1470; the in-depth study of particular sets of these texts; the analysis of political vocabularies in these texts. By thus exploring the inter-subjective re/production of Arabic historiography MMS-II will generate a welcome cultural turn in late medieval Islamic history.

Mots-clés : mamluk sultanate,arabic historiography,state formation,political order,cultural production,political discourse,database survey,narratology,social semiotics  critical discourse analysis