Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : xPRINT (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : National Research Council — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNR
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1773858.0 €

This project aims at developing four-dimensional printing of new adaptive systems, namely printing of complex, three-dimensional polymer objects embedding functional compounds and able to change or adapt their physical properties responding to environmental stimuli. Additive manufacturing of three-dimensional objects relies on depositing or curing materials in a layer-by-layer fashion, starting from computer assisted design. These technologies have rapidly evolved from laboratory research to commercially available desktop systems, with costs decreasing continuously. Notwithstanding such astonishing progress, the potentialities of three-dimensional printing are still poorly exploited in terms of both materials and process resolution. This project will shed new light on the fundamental aspects of three-dimensional polymerization, thus establishing new process design rules and predictive tools for printing resolution. It will also specifically engineer additive manufacturing for printing materials embedding active compounds, thus leading to real four-dimensional objects, namely structures that have three-dimensional features and time-changing physical properties at the same time. An integrated approach will be pursued to this aim, where modeling and process engineering will be complemented by process monitoring, in order to establish well defined and reproducible methods for four-dimensional printing of photonic structures. The operation of the adaptive components, for optical computing and data storage, will be based on their nonlinear response to optical inputs. Leading to a new and pioneering laboratory on four-dimensional printing technologies, this project will critically consolidate scientific independence.

Mots-clés : three dimensional printing,adaptive materials,additive manufacturing
Projet ERC : DYCON (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : University of Deusto — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1620840.0 €

This project aims at making a breakthrough contribution in the broad area of Control of Partial Differential Equations (PDE) and their numerical approximation methods by addressing key unsolved issues appearing systematically in real-life applications. To this end, we pursue three objectives: 1) to contribute with new key theoretical methods and results, 2) to develop the corresponding numerical tools, and 3) to build up new computational software, the DYCON-COMP computational platform, thereby bridging the gap to applications. The field of PDEs, together with numerical approximation and simulation methods and control theory, have evolved significantly in the last decades in a cross-fertilization process, to address the challenging demands of industrial and cross-disciplinary applications such as, for instance, the management of natural resources, meteorology, aeronautics, oil industry, biomedicine, human and animal collective behaviour, etc. Despite these efforts, some of the key issues still remain unsolved, either because of a lack of analytical understanding, of the absence of efficient numerical solvers, or of a combination of both. This project identifies and focuses on six key topics that play a central role in most of the processes arising in applications, but which are still poorly understood: control of parameter dependent problems; long time horizon control; control under constraints; inverse design of time-irreversible models; memory models and hybrid PDE/ODE models, and finite versus infinite-dimensional dynamical systems. These topics cannot be handled by superposing the state of the art in the various disciplines, due to the unexpected interactive phenomena that may emerge, for instance, in the fine numerical approximation of control problems. The coordinated and focused effort that we aim at developing is timely and much needed in order to solve these issues and bridge the gap from modelling to control, computer simulations and applications.

Mots-clés : partial differential equations,dynamic control,numerical approximation,long time horizon,parameter dependence,constraints,inverse design,shocks,finite versus infinite dimensions,memory models
Projet ERC : STRINGFLATION (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Universe sciences
Entité participante : Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1854750.0 €

This project aims at predicting the energy scale of cosmological inflation and the strength of the inflationary gravitational wave signal from string theory. Observations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature fluctuations have drastically changed cosmology into quantitative science. The results provide strong evidence for two phases of accelerated expansion in our Universe. The late-time phase of acceleration, termed ’dark energy’, is consistent with an extremely small positive cosmological constant, while the evidence for a very early phase of acceleration increasingly supports cosmological inflation. Very recently, the BICEP2 experiment reported the detection of B-mode polarization in the CMB. Pending future corroboration, this may correspond to a detection of primordial gravitational waves with a fractional power of about 10% of the CMB temperature fluctuations. In the context of inflation this implies an inflationary energy scale close to the scale of Grand Unification, and a large field excursion of the inflationary scalar field. Hence, the inflationary scalar potential needs symmetries to protect it from dangerous quantum corrections. These features strongly motivate the study of high-scale inflation in string theory as a candidate theory of quantum gravity. We will determine the range of predictions for large-field high-scale inflation in string theory driven by the mechanism of axion monodromy, which was co-discovered by the PI. For this purpose, we will establish a catalog of primary sources for large field ranges from axion monodromy in combination with assistance effects from multiple axion fields. We will analyze the generic effects of the interplay between large-field models of inflation in string theory with its necessary prerequisite, moduli stabilization. Finally, we will study the distribution of inflation mechanisms among the many vacua of string theory. In combination, this gives us a first chance to make string theory testable.

Mots-clés : pacs2010 98 80 cq particle theory and field theory models of the early universe  including cosmic pancakes,cosmic strings,chaotic phenomena,inflationary universe,etc,11 25  w strings and branes
Projet ERC : SENSOTRA (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : University of Eastern Finland — Pays : Finlande — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UEF
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1821764.0 €

This project aims at producing new understandings of the changes in people’s sensory environmental relationships in three European cities during a particular period in history, 1950–2020. It will offer a focused window on cultural transformations of the sensory by introducing a new transgenerational methodology, ethnographic “sensobiography”. Why now? Firstly, innovative and thoroughly researched information about sensory environmental relationships is in great demand. If the findings are successful, their challenge to several conventional dichotomies will provide results whose interdisciplinary impact extends beyond cultural, sound, and music studies to areas of psychology, human geography, environmental aesthetics, and media history and theory. The research is urgent: at present we are still able to study people ethnographically who were born in the 1930s and 1940s,who therefore lived their early years without digital technologies. The moment is also ideally suited for studying generations born straight into the digital world, where there is a need to enable young and older people to maintain a many-faceted relationship with their environments. The project's three research strands are (1) transformations in mediations of sensory experience, (2) embodied remembering and senses, and (3) sensory commons. These strands will be studied via a research strategy linking individuals and groups to broader social, cultural, and political issues in the medium-sized European cities of Brighton (UK), Ljubljana (Slovenia), and Turku (Finland). Temporally and spatially tightly focused dynamic ethnography makes it possible to examine multiple modes of past and present sensory experiencing. The study of artists as “sensewitnesses” will become one of the pivotal endeavours. The project facilitates a significant step from earlier methodologies toward large-scale, multisensory, transgenerational investigation, providing significant insights into culture with a sustainable future.

Mots-clés : sensory transformation,environmental relationship
Projet ERC : STAQAMOF (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : Sorbonne Université — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : Sorbonne U
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 0.0 €

This project aims at providing a new quantitative approach to financial regulation, notably in the context of high frequency trading. The key idea of our method is to build relevant statistical models through price and time scales, connecting the microstructure of financial markets to the long term behavior of prices. Doing so, we will be able to understand and quantify the macroscopic consequences of regulatory measures modifying the microscopic design of the market. Succeeding in this modelling task will require to address several intricate statistical problems. In particular new results will be needed in the fields of limit theory for semi-martingales, multifractal processes, rough stochastic differential equations, Hawkes processes and high-dimensional statistics. Hence, through this project, we not only have the hope to provide groundbreaking tools for worldwide regulation of financial markets but, concurrently, to answer important and challenging mathematical problems. In term of analyzing concrete regulatory measures, particular attention will be devoted to the issue of the choice of a proper tick value, that is the minimal price increment allowed on a financial market. Indeed, the tick value is the tool which seems to be favored by most policy makers in order to regulate high frequency trading.

Mots-clés : statistical finance,mathematical finance,microstructure of financial markets
Projet ERC : COSMOKEMS (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth system science
Entité participante : Thermo Fisher Scientific (Germany) — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Organismes privés (hors enseignement)
Financement ERC de l'entité : 242500.0 €

This project aims at simulating the processes that took place in the early Solar System to determine how these processes shaped the chemical and isotope compositions of solids that accreted to ultimately form terrestrial planets. Planetary materials exhibit mass dependent and mass independent isotope signatures and their origin and relationships are not fully understood. This proposal will be based on new experiments reproducing the conditions of the solar nebula in its first few million years and on a newly designed Knudsen Effusion Mass Spectrometer (KEMS) that will be built for the purpose of this project. This project consists of three main subprojects: (1) we will simulate the effect of particle irradiation on solids to examine how isotopes can be fractionated by these processes to identify whether this can explain chemical variations in meteorites. We will examine whether particle irradiation can cause mass independent fractionation, (2) the novel KEMS instrument will be used to determine the equilibrium isotope fractionation associated with reactions between gas and condensed phases at high temperature. It will also be used to determine the kinetic isotope fractionation associated with evaporation and condensation of solids. This will provide new constraints on the thermodynamic conditions, T, P and fO2 during heating events that have modified the chemical composition of planetary materials. These constraints will also help identify the processes that cause the depletion in volatile elements and the fractionation in refractory elements observed in planetesimals and planets, (3) we will examine the effect of UV irradiation on chemical species in the vapour phase as an attempt to reproduce observed isotope compositions found in meteorites or their components. These results may radically change our view on how the protoplanetary disk evolved and how solids were transported and mixed.

Mots-clés : cosmochemistry,solar system,meteorites,planets,mass spectrometry,isotopes
Projet ERC : HyperCube (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Proof of concept grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : Italian Institute of Technology — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 150000.0 €

This project aims at the scale up production, characterization, future commercialization and clinical translation of magnetic iron oxides nanocubes of high magnetic and structural quality and the design and production of an in-flow set up for the further functionalization of the nanocubes with a thermo-responsive (TR) polymer shell. The nanocubes and TR-nanocubes are aimed to be used primarily as heat mediators in magnetic hyperthermia (MH) and as heat-mediated drug agents for the delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs in a heat triggered-mediated chemotherapy for the treatment of tumors. Their use as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic particle imaging (MPI) stands as secondary applications and it will also be relevant in this project. Indeed, given the control over the materials, the scale up synthesis of nanocubes and the in-flow production of TR-nanocubes, we will deliver an unprecedented benchmark scaled product of nanocubes with optimal magneto-heat properties that shall ensure the transition of such materials towards the market and the clinics. In comparison to the standardly used and commercially available magnetic nanoparticles, the high magneto-heat performances at clinically safe magnetic radiofrequency, of such nanocubes will impact the treatment of tumor by MH, by multiple aspects: i) requiring less dose of magnetic materials to be injected intratumorally; ii) unique actuation of dual combination therapy of MH and local heat-triggered drug release, which also will favor a more efficacious therapy at reduced dose of magnetic materials; iii) further degradation and clearance of the heat-mediator nanocubes thus enabling the further investigation of tumour progression by MRI, overcoming the current limitation of iron oxide nanoparticles now employed in MH for the treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme. Instead, their magnetic response at frequency range of 20-40 kHz will make them appealing as contrast agents in MPI.

Mots-clés : magnetic hyperthermia,magnetic nanoparticles,drug delivery,thermo responsive polymers,tumor treatment,hyperthermia
Projet ERC : CiliaTubulinCode (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions
Entité participante : Max Planck Society — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : MPG
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 630868.5 €

This project aims at understanding of the role of the tubulin code for self-organization of complex microtubule based structures. Cilia turn out to be the ideal structures for the proposed research. A cilium is a sophisticated cellular machine that self-organizes from many protein complexes. It plays motility, sensory, and signaling roles in most eukaryotic cells, and its malfunction causes pathologies. The assembly of the cilium requires intraflagellar transport (IFT), a specialized bidirectional motility process that is mediated by adaptor proteins and direction specific molecular motors. Work from my lab shows that anterograde and retrograde IFT make exclusive use of the B-tubules and A-tubules, respectively. This insight answered a long standing question and shows that functional differentiation of tubules exists and is important for IFT. Tubulin post-translational modifications (PTMs) contribute to a tubulin code, making microtubules suitable for specific functions. Mutation of tubulin-PTM enzymes can have dramatic effects on cilia function and assembly. However, we do not understand of the role of tubulin-PTMs in cilia. Therefore, I propose to address the hypotheses that the tubulin code contributes to regulating bidirectional IFT motility, and more generally, that the tubulin code is a key player in structuring complex cellular assembly processes in space and time. This proposal aims at (i) understanding if tubulin-PTMs are necessary and/or sufficient to regulate the bidirectionality of IFT (ii) examining how the tubulin code regulates the assembly of cilia and (iii) generating a high-resolution atlas of tubulin-PTMs and their respective enzymes. We will combine advanced techniques encompassing state-of-the-art cryo-electron tomography, biochemical imaging, fluorescent microscopy, and in vitro assays to achieve molecular and structural understanding of the role of the tubulin code in the self-organization of cilia and of microtubule based cellular structures.
Projet ERC : DisDyn (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer science and informatics
Entité participante : KTH Royal Institute of Technology — Pays : Suède — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : KTH
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1262211.25 €

This project aims to (i) resolve challenging graph problems in distributed and dynamic settings, with a focus on connectivity problems (such as computing edge connectivity and distances), and (ii) on the way develop a systematic approach to attack problems in these settings, by thoroughly exploring relevant algorithmic and complexity-theoretic landscapes. Tasks include - building a hierarchy of intermediate computational models so that designing algorithms and proving lower bounds can be done in several intermediate steps, - explaining the limits of algorithms by proving conditional lower bounds based on old and new reasonable conjectures, and - connecting techniques in the two settings to generate new insights that are unlikely to emerge from the isolated viewpoint of a single field. The project will take advantage from and contribute to the developments in many young fields in theoretical computer science, such as fine-grained complexity and sublinear algorithms. Resolving one of the connectivity problems will already be a groundbreaking result. However, given the approach, it is likely that one breakthrough will lead to many others.

Mots-clés : dynamic algorithms,distributed algorithms,graph algorithms,conditional lower bounds
Projet ERC : EXISTAR (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Physical and analytical chemical sciences
Entité participante : University of Oxford — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1491265.0 €

This project aims to deliver a step change in our understanding of electrode and catalyst interfaces, by pioneering operando measurement capabilities that can reveal the chemistry and structure of functional interfaces under working conditions in liquid and gas environments at atmospheric-pressures and above. We will exploit enclosed reaction cells sealed with X-ray, electron and neutron transparent windows, extending their operation to conditions of temperature and pressure where industrial catalytic reactions occur, as well as the liquid environments of electrochemical energy storage. These cells will be portable across complementary characterisation tools to reveal the chemical and structural evolution of material interfaces during operation. Solid-liquid studies will focus on electrode materials for Li-ion batteries, that are critical to energy storage for a low carbon economy. This will reveal the degradation mechanisms that lead to capacity fade across varying conditions of stress (T, voltage, rate) during electrochemical cycling. Solid-gas studies will focus on heterogeneous catalysts for sustainable production of useful chemical feedstocks from environmentally harmful waste streams. We aim to reveal the nature of the active sites in catalysts used for chemical synthesis from carbon dioxide, and understand how combining these catalysts with oxide supports influences their activity and selectivity. Relationships will be established between the interfacial structure and function of these materials in terms of their electrochemical cycling performance and catalytic activity/selectivity. This will ultimately inform the design of new functional materials for use in technologies that are critical to a sustainable economy. The scope for research problems that can benefit from this atmospheric pressure operando approach is vast, providing many future research opportunities.

Mots-clés : batteries,energy storage,x ray spectroscopy,catalysis