Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : MARNET (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : Fondation nationale des sciences politiques — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : FNSP
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1910150.0 €

Research proposal MARNET aims at improving our empirical knowledge of markets structured as bipartite networks (all connections involve two different categories of agents) by providing better statistical models of network formation and the effects of the network structure on outcomes. The use of random graphs, in which an edge between two nodes is the realization of a random draw, to model networked social, technological and biological systems has been subject to a novel and vigorous effort over the last twenty years. I will contribute to the knowledge corpus on networked economic systems with two separate research lines: first, in studying the interaction between social norms and marriage (monogamous and heterosexual); second, in studying how to improve models for linked employer-employee data. The first research line aims at developing empirical models of marriage formation and intra-household resource allocation in order to better understand why different marriage markets (regions, countries, time periods) look different. My aim is to disentangle and quantify the sources of differentiation that relate to standard socio-economic variables, such as education and wages, from those that relate to culture and social norms. Various extensions will be considered to improve the design and realism of the model (aging and fertility, lots of heterogeneity, unobserved heterogeneity, housing and asset accumulation). In the second research line, I will use recent advances in dynamic random graphs to model individual wage dynamics and the mobility of workers across firms. The main empirical objective is to quantify the degree of assortative matching of workers and firms in the labour market, and the relative contributions of worker and firm heterogeneity in wages. Several extensions will be considered (time-varying types, subjecting the network structure to pre-determined firm sizes, opening firm nodes by modelling wage dynamics and occupational mobility within firms).

Mots-clés : networks,bipartite graphs,dynamic random graphs,stochastic block models,marriage markets,social norms,cultural identity,within household resource allocation,comparative study,unobserved heterogeneity,finite mixtures,discrete mixtures,hidden markov models,wage dynamics,employment dynamics,firm size,linked employer employee data,matching,wage dispersion,sorting
Projet ERC : ENGINORG (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering
Entité participante : Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : IBEC;IBEC-CERCA
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999937.0 €

Research with human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has led to the development of miniorgan-like structures in culture, so called organoids. Generally, organoids are generated exploiting cell-autonomous responses of hPSCs with minimal control over the external inputs supplied to the system. The unrestrained nature of these approaches explains, in part, key shortcomings of the organoid technology, such as limited capacity to recreate all cell types within an organ, maturation and function. Data from my laboratory has shown, for the first time, that the presentation of a physical instruction (elastic modulus-stiffness) during the derivation of hPSCs-kidney progenitor cells results in the generation of hPSCs-kidney organoids with higher differentiation potential and functional attributes. Similarly, our preliminary results show that boosting metabolic activities differentially regulated upon the presentation of controlled physical cues represents a new strategy to generate specific kidney cells on demand. ENGINORG proposes conceptual and technical advances to mechanistically link how the presentation of controlled physical and metabolic constrains during organoid generation are integrated and resolved through gene expression regulation and epigenetics. To this end, we will combine micropatterning techniques, hPSCs-genome engineering, metabolomics, biomaterials design and microfluidics. The identification of the molecular mechanisms connecting how metabolic and mechanical cues modulate cell fate and function will define minimal design principles for the proper control of cell-cell and cell-matrix interplay, and cell organization for organoid generation. This knowledge will be implemented through three interconnected objectives to understand and model early steps of kidney morphogenesis and Congenital anomalies of the kidney and the urinary tract (CAKUT), which account for ~50% of the etiology of chronic kidney disease in children worldwide.

Mots-clés : human pluripotent stem cells,organoids
Projet ERC : EURO-EXPERT (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Université Paris Nanterre — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : Paris Nanterre
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 720925.08 €

Respect for diversity has been at the forefront of political accession to the European Union since 1993 and socio-legal scholarship has developed articulated reflections on the accommodation of ethnic and religious minorities in Europe. Country-experts have been instructed with increasing frequency in judicial and pre-judicial proceedings involving members of diasporic communities. In some common law countries the role of the expert witness has expanded to systematically assist the judge when litigants or defendants belong to minorities; in most civil law countries, similar roles are played by translators and cultural mediators, including notaries and lawyers. Cultural expertise is sometimes used in order to avoid excessive judicialisation. Notwithstanding, disbelief is developing around cultural expertise; and, excalations of violence and counter-violence signal that European majority and the so-called minorities are drifting apart. Hence our question: Cultural Expertise in Europe: What is it useful for? A comprehensive assessment of cultural expertise was entrenched by its narrow technical definition. This project develops around a new integrated concept of cultural expertise to empirically investigate its use and impact in fourteen European countries. In-context data will be collected through ethnographic fieldwork conducted by a modular team allowing real time analysis and immediate use of results by the stakeholders. The objectives will be to: 1) map the terms, condition, and costs of cultural expertise in private and public law; 2) create a toolkit for measuring the impact of cultural expertise; 3) establish an open access searchable data base for the consultation of cases and solution including cultural expertise; 4) design a teaching and learning module using the cultural expertise impact toolkit; and 5) formulate policy-making guidelines which include tested solutions for a sustainable inclusiveness in Europe.

Mots-clés : anthropology of law
Projet ERC : EURO-EXPERT (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 97864.88 €

Respect for diversity has been at the forefront of political accession to the European Union since 1993 and socio-legal scholarship has developed articulated reflections on the accommodation of ethnic and religious minorities in Europe. Country-experts have been instructed with increasing frequency in judicial and pre-judicial proceedings involving members of diasporic communities. In some common law countries the role of the expert witness has expanded to systematically assist the judge when litigants or defendants belong to minorities; in most civil law countries, similar roles are played by translators and cultural mediators, including notaries and lawyers. Cultural expertise is sometimes used in order to avoid excessive judicialisation. Notwithstanding, disbelief is developing around cultural expertise; and, excalations of violence and counter-violence signal that European majority and the so-called minorities are drifting apart. Hence our question: Cultural Expertise in Europe: What is it useful for? A comprehensive assessment of cultural expertise was entrenched by its narrow technical definition. This project develops around a new integrated concept of cultural expertise to empirically investigate its use and impact in fourteen European countries. In-context data will be collected through ethnographic fieldwork conducted by a modular team allowing real time analysis and immediate use of results by the stakeholders. The objectives will be to: 1) map the terms, condition, and costs of cultural expertise in private and public law; 2) create a toolkit for measuring the impact of cultural expertise; 3) establish an open access searchable data base for the consultation of cases and solution including cultural expertise; 4) design a teaching and learning module using the cultural expertise impact toolkit; and 5) formulate policy-making guidelines which include tested solutions for a sustainable inclusiveness in Europe.

Mots-clés : anthropology of law
Projet ERC : MOCHA (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Cardiff University — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 277786.6 €

Responding to climate change requires profound changes to individual behaviour. However, much of our behaviour is habitual, which is resistant to change. Habits are cued by stable contexts (i.e., same time, place and/or social group), so when these change, habits are disrupted, providing an opportunity to intervene to foster pro-environmental behaviour. ‘Moments of change’ are when individual life circumstances shift within a short time frame, and include biographical and exogenous changes (e.g., becoming a parent, travel disruption). The relationship between moments of change and environmental impact is complex, with heterogeneity between individuals, cultures and behaviours. The aim of this proposal is to examine how ambitious lifestyle change might be achieved through understanding and harnessing ‘moments of change’ in life circumstances. This project integrates insights from several fields (developmental and environmental psychology, sociology, science & technology studies) to bring a much-needed focus on the temporal and socio-technical dimensions of pro-environmental behaviour (change). There are two objectives for the research: (a) To explore and track moments of pro-environmental behaviour change across cultures and life-course; and (b) To examine the efficacy of behavioural interventions targeted to moments of change. Three work packages address these objectives through an ambitious programme of cross-cultural research using secondary and big data analyses, longitudinal qualitative interviews and panel surveys to explore moments of change, and experimental studies to test behaviour change interventions targeted at moments of change (e.g., starting university, retiring, relocating). This project promises a step-change in understanding the dynamics of pro-environmental change across the life course and cultures, and the development of robust habit-disrupting interventions to foster lifestyle change.

Mots-clés : behaviour change
Projet ERC : INSPIRE (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy
Entité participante : Universitätsklinikum Erlangen — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 76703.0 €

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a prototypic T cell- and B cell-driven inflammatory autoimmune disease that affects around 1% of the population worldwide and creates a severe burden for patients as well as substantial socioeconomic costs for society. Hallmarks of RA are a destructive inflammation of peripheral joints as well as the presence of autoantibodies such as anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA). Although ACPA are considered to represent major drivers of RA pathology, they can be also found in otherwise healthy “individuals at risk” where they emerge decades before the eventual onset of RA. Factors and mechanisms that promote onset of tissue inflammation in such autoantibody-positive individuals still remain elusive. Due to this gap of knowledge, current therapies are primarily designed to suppress later stages of joint inflammation, rather than targeting the underlying processes of autoimmunity or the initial onset of inflammatory disease. RA patients thus still lack effective preventive or curative therapeutic concepts. Here we aim to exploit recent technical breakthroughs such as single-cell RNA- and ATAC-sequencing in conjunction with DNA bar-coded MHC dextramers and antigens, spatial transcriptomics and cutting-edge imaging to perform a comprehensive and in-depth spatiotemporal analysis of the molecular events underlying the initial onset of inflammatory disease in autoantibody-positive individuals. We will additionally profit from the access to a large and well-characterized cohort of ACPA-positive “individuals at risk” and ACPA-positive RA patients as well as from corresponding biomaterial. In combination with preclinical animal models of RA, we thereby seek to delineate the sequences of events that promote the early transition from autoimmunity to inflammation. The obtained data will yield key insights into basic mechanisms of inflammatory autoimmune diseases such as RA and provide the basis for novel treatment concepts.
Projet ERC : RNPdynamics (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems
Entité participante : National Institute of Chemistry — Pays : Slovénie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : NIC;KI
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1827418.25 €

Ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs) play many key regulatory roles in development. Moreover, mutations causing cancer or neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), often occur in RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). These mutations are concentrated in the intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs), which play a central role in the control of RNP assembly and disassembly. RNP dynamics is often driven by multivalent interactions that are mediated by multiple elements within IDRs of RBPs, which can condense the RNP such that it separates from the surrounding liquid through the phenomenon of liquid-liquid phase separation. Transcriptomic insights into the physiological functions of such multivalent RNP assembly are needed to understand their regulation, or deregulation through disease-causing mutations. Here, we will build a framework of experimental and computational methods to study the mechanisms by which the dynamic multivalent interactions drive RNP remodelling, and how such RNP dynamics contributes to cellular transitions in development and disease. The first objective will be to identify the functions of specific RBPs in cell-state transitions during neuronal differentiation, and the mechanisms of IDR-mediated multivalent interactions in these functions. The next objective will be to establish new tools to manipulate RNP assembly through multivalent RNA binding sites and IDRs. Finally, the new insights and tools will be integrated with the goal to fine-tune the RNP assembly of ALS-mutant RBPs, and thereby ameliorate their toxicity.

Mots-clés : gbp  gfp binding protein  nanobody,idr  intrinsically disordered region,line  long interspersed nuclear element,llps  liquid liquid phase separation,rbp  rna binding protein,rnp  ribonucleoprotein complex,rte  retrotransposable element,slim  short linear motif
Projet ERC : RNPdynamics (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems
Entité participante : The Francis Crick Institute — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 160735.0 €

Ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs) play many key regulatory roles in development. Moreover, mutations causing cancer or neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), often occur in RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). These mutations are concentrated in the intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs), which play a central role in the control of RNP assembly and disassembly. RNP dynamics is often driven by multivalent interactions that are mediated by multiple elements within IDRs of RBPs, which can condense the RNP such that it separates from the surrounding liquid through the phenomenon of liquid-liquid phase separation. Transcriptomic insights into the physiological functions of such multivalent RNP assembly are needed to understand their regulation, or deregulation through disease-causing mutations. Here, we will build a framework of experimental and computational methods to study the mechanisms by which the dynamic multivalent interactions drive RNP remodelling, and how such RNP dynamics contributes to cellular transitions in development and disease. The first objective will be to identify the functions of specific RBPs in cell-state transitions during neuronal differentiation, and the mechanisms of IDR-mediated multivalent interactions in these functions. The next objective will be to establish new tools to manipulate RNP assembly through multivalent RNA binding sites and IDRs. Finally, the new insights and tools will be integrated with the goal to fine-tune the RNP assembly of ALS-mutant RBPs, and thereby ameliorate their toxicity.

Mots-clés : gbp  gfp binding protein  nanobody,idr  intrinsically disordered region,line  long interspersed nuclear element,llps  liquid liquid phase separation,rbp  rna binding protein,rnp  ribonucleoprotein complex,rte  retrotransposable element,slim  short linear motif
Projet ERC : RiboDisc (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : University of Konstanz — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1918600.0 €

Riboswitches are mRNA-based gene-regulatory elements triggered by direct interactions with small molecular ligands. They are exciting targets for novel antibiotic strategies. Many putative riboswitches have been identified using bioinformatics. However, ligand identification is getting more complicated since many motifs are not expected to be involved in simple feedback regulation mechanisms. For such “classical” riboswitches ligands have been assigned in the past based on testing metabolites selected by educated guesses guided by the associated gene contexts. We are convinced that this approach limits the identification of riboswitches that play regulatory roles in more complex bacterial processes such as virulence, detoxification, communication, and life style adaptations. Within this project, new riboswitch classes will be identified and characterized, paving the way for the development of antibiotics with novel modes of action. We will establish a systematic, robust and unbiased approach for identifying intracellular RNA ligands by fishing small molecules from lysates as well as screening fractionated cellular extracts. The methodology shows great potential for assigning novel riboswitch classes since in preliminary experiments we have successfully isolated a small molecular activity that specifically triggers the ykkC orphan riboswitch motif. A range of analytical and preparative methods will be applied in order to identify the nature of this and further activities. By synthesizing ligands and derivatives thereof we will scout the antibiotic potential of novel riboswitch ligands. The proposed research is highly relevant for one of the major biomedical challenges of the coming decades: Since riboswitches are effective antibacterial targets, the identification of novel riboswitch / ligand interactions has immediate implications for establishing future antibiotic strategies necessary to keep in check the progressing problem of bacterial drug resistance.

Mots-clés : ligand interactions,riboswitches,control of gene expression
Projet ERC : RIV-ESCAPE (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth system science
Entité participante : Durham University — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 25117.5 €

Rivers around the world release large quantities of greenhouse gas, with an estimated 1.8 ± 0.3 PgC yr-1 released as carbon dioxide (CO2), and ~20-25 TgC yr-1 as methane (CH4). These fluxes are equivalent to half of the annual increase in CO2 and CH4 concentrations in the atmosphere due to human activities. However, we cannot yet quantify how river CO2 and CH4 emissions will change, nor assess their potential to amplify future climate warming. There are two main challenges: i) the main drivers of CO2 and CH4 release from rivers (supply of carbon and the dynamics of river flow) change simultaneously, and their relative importance is obscured in existing data, limiting our ability to build and test predictive models; ii) the age of river CO2 and CH4 is poorly constrained, meaning that we cannot determine whether this is anthropogenic carbon that is leaking out from prior storage on land, or whether it derives from ancient carbon stores in the landscape. RIV-ESCAPE will transform our understanding by recognising the need for direct measurements that combine river CO2 and CH4 flux, river flow dynamics and C supply at high temporal resolution (minutes to hours) over seasonal timescales, across nested scales in river catchments. Such novel field installations could be used anywhere to improve our understanding: we will focus on Arctic rivers that are experiencing pronounced warming and hold large stores of ancient carbon in soils. In parallel, we will use cutting-edge isotope geochemistry methods for river gases, waters and sediments to quantify the controls on the age and source of CO2 and CH4 in rivers around the world. The new empirical data will combine with physical and numerical experiments to provide a step-change in our knowledge of how changes in temperature and precipitation set river greenhouse gas source and the rate of release, allowing us to assess for the first time the sensitivity of river CO2 and CH4 emissions to future warming.

Mots-clés : rivers,carbon cycle,radiocarbon,carbon dioxide,methane