Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : TimePROSAMAT (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : University of Freiburg — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1253660.0 €

TimeProSAMAT aims to introduce concepts to program the time domain of self-assembled systems and materials in CLOSED systems under non-equilibrium conditions by controlling the kinetics of assembly and disassembly pathways via (i) modulating the surrounding by feedback systems, (ii) dissipative structure formation and (iii) active structural feedback. After reaching a fundamental understanding on a SA level, we want to capitalize on these enabling SA concepts by providing entirely new and original approaches to dynamic soft materials with internally encoded self-regulation features (similar to a self-destruction mechanism), opening doors to active functionalities and adaptive properties beyond what classical responsive equilibrium SA can offer. Read more about such concepts in the 10th year anniversary issue of Soft Matter: " Approaches to program the time domain of self-assemblies" Soft Matter, 2015,11, 7857-7866

Mots-clés : responsive materials,non equilibrium systems,hydrogels,self regulation
Projet ERC : EQUATE (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : Aberystwyth University — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 593112.5 €

Timing is everything in archaeology; EQuaTe will build on exciting advances in amino acid and thermoluminescence (TL) dating to provide a chronology that will deepen our understanding of early human evolution and migration throughout Europe. During the Quaternary (the last 2.6 million years), Europe witnessed major climatic oscillations, with periodic expansion of ice sheets into lowland areas, changes of sea-level, re-organization of plant and animal communities, and the evolution and migration of human populations. Despite extensive studies of the rich European geological and archaeological records (providing a detailed history of these environmental changes), these have little meaning without a secure chronology. Dating is extremely difficult beyond the limit of radiocarbon dating (~60,000 years). Key to our approach is the discovery that commonly-occurring calcitic fossils (snail opercula) provide both closed-system repositories for amino acids and a stable TL signal over Quaternary timescales. It is therefore now possible to use both dating methods on the same biomineral to build a strong dating framework; taking advantage of momentum in this field, EQuATe will apply this approach on a European scale. This novel paired chronology, spanning the entire Palaeolithic in Eurasia, will refine our understanding of European human cultural and population dynamics and their relationship to environmental change over the last 2.6 Ma, across a region stretching from Britain to the Black Sea. EQuaTe will provide the scientific means to answer critical questions, e.g.: when did early human populations expand into Europe, and under what climatic conditions? Are apparent differences in tool technologies a reflection of different species, technical evolution over time, or geographical variations in source materials and cultural tradition? The pan-European chronology developed by this research will be a breakthrough in our ability to understand our past.

Mots-clés : geochronology
Projet ERC : AQUARAMAN (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Physical and analytical chemical sciences
Entité participante : École polytechnique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : X
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1447541.32 €

Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) is often described as the most powerful tool for optical characterization of surfaces and their proximities. It combines the intrinsic spatial resolution of scanning probe techniques (AFM or STM) with the chemical information content of vibrational Raman spectroscopy. Capable to reveal surface heterogeneity at the nanoscale, TERS is currently playing a fundamental role in the understanding of interfacial physicochemical processes in key areas of science and technology such as chemistry, biology and material science. Unfortunately, the undeniable potential of TERS as a label-free tool for nanoscale chemical and structural characterization is, nowadays, limited to air and vacuum environments, with it failing to operate in a reliable and systematic manner in liquid. The reasons are more technical than fundamental, as what is hindering the application of TERS in water is, among other issues, the low stability of the probes and their consistency. Fields of science and technology where the presence of water/electrolyte is unavoidable, such as biology and electrochemistry, remain unexplored with this powerful technique. We propose a revolutionary approach for TERS in liquids founded on the employment of pipet-based scanning probe microscopy techniques (pb-SPM) as an alternative to AFM and STM. The use of recent but well established pb-SPM brings the opportunity to develop unprecedented pipet-based TERS probes (beyond the classic and limited metallized solid probes from AFM and STM), together with the implementation of ingenious and innovative measures to enhance tip stability, sensitivity and reliability, unattainable with the current techniques. We will be in possession of a unique nano-spectroscopy platform capable of experiments in liquids, to follow dynamic processes in-situ, addressing fundamental questions and bringing insight into interfacial phenomena spanning from materials science, physics, chemistry and biology.
Projet ERC : AQUARAMAN (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Physical and analytical chemical sciences
Entité participante : École polytechnique — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : X
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 0.0 €

Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) is often described as the most powerful tool for optical characterization of surfaces and their proximities. It combines the intrinsic spatial resolution of scanning probe techniques (AFM or STM) with the chemical information content of vibrational Raman spectroscopy. Capable to reveal surface heterogeneity at the nanoscale, TERS is currently playing a fundamental role in the understanding of interfacial physicochemical processes in key areas of science and technology such as chemistry, biology and material science. Unfortunately, the undeniable potential of TERS as a label-free tool for nanoscale chemical and structural characterization is, nowadays, limited to air and vacuum environments, with it failing to operate in a reliable and systematic manner in liquid. The reasons are more technical than fundamental, as what is hindering the application of TERS in water is, among other issues, the low stability of the probes and their consistency. Fields of science and technology where the presence of water/electrolyte is unavoidable, such as biology and electrochemistry, remain unexplored with this powerful technique. We propose a revolutionary approach for TERS in liquids founded on the employment of pipet-based scanning probe microscopy techniques (pb-SPM) as an alternative to AFM and STM. The use of recent but well established pb-SPM brings the opportunity to develop unprecedented pipet-based TERS probes (beyond the classic and limited metallized solid probes from AFM and STM), together with the implementation of ingenious and innovative measures to enhance tip stability, sensitivity and reliability, unattainable with the current techniques. We will be in possession of a unique nano-spectroscopy platform capable of experiments in liquids, to follow dynamic processes in-situ, addressing fundamental questions and bringing insight into interfacial phenomena spanning from materials science, physics, chemistry and biology.
Projet ERC : BIOMITRAL (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : University of Palermo — Pays : Italie — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 18773.75 €

Tissue Engineered Heart Valves (TEHVs) can restore function in the pulmonary and aortic positions and have shown capacity for tissue regeneration and growth in pre-clinical models. Yet, this concept has not been extended to the Mitral Valve (MV), whose pathologies affect >25% of the valve disease patients in Europe. In this proposal, we introduce a bio-inspired design methodology and bioprocessing technology to engineer BIOMITRAL: a polymeric, stent-less, tissue engineered MV that recapitulates native structure-function. Key to our approach is the engineering of MV leaflets and chordal apparatus. In the native MV, this set of tendon-like appendages mechanically connects the leaflets to the left ventricle (LV) and allows for harmonization of the valve kinematics, coaptation and ventricle contractile dynamics. Commercial MV prostheses used for MV replacement, as well as most existing TEHVs are mounted on synthetic stents that lack of this important structure and consequently neglect this physiological mechanism. In addition, non-degradable stents cannot adapt to patient's growth, de-facto negating a key advantage in TEHVs. Our specific hypothesis is that recapitulating native leaflet structure-function and incorporating engineered chordal apparatus will lead to an engineered MV with enhanced functional and remodeling performances. To verify our hypothesis, we will: Aim 1. Characterize the structure-function of freshly isolated human valve tissue and use the derived properties to fabricate stented (control) and stentless BIOMITRAL prototypes; Aim 2. Assess prototypes mechanics and kinematics in silico via finite element modeling and in vitro in a pulse duplicator; Aim 3. Evaluate BIOMITRAL in vivo functional performance and assess remodeling in a chronic ovine model. Engineering a “living” MV with bioinspired leaflets and chordae that connect engineered leaflets with the LV is a revolutionary concept that can fundamentally transform the design of MV prostheses.

Mots-clés : tissue engineering heart valve,heart valve biomechanics,biomaterials
Projet ERC : MEDICI (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy
Entité participante : Humanitas University — Pays : Italie — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1122088.29 €

Tissue responses to microbial and endogenous danger signals involve the activation of both resident and monocyte-derived macrophages, as well as the coordinated inducible expression of hundreds of inflammatory genes. Gene transcription is controlled by the information contained in thousands of genomic regulatory elements (enhancers and promoters), which is first read by transcription factors (TFs) and then integrated and relayed to the transcriptional machinery via an array of co-regulators with disparate biochemical activities and functions. The recent work of several groups, including our own, has extensively characterized how in macrophages the genomic regulatory sequences controlling inflammatory gene expression are coordinately bound and activated by myeloid lineage-determining TFs and broadly expressed stimulus-activated TFs. However, we still have a very incomplete understanding of the necessary next step in the process, namely how distinct combinations of DNA-bound TFs regulate recruitment and function of the co-regulators and machineries that control gene transcription. Here, I propose to systematically identify the complement of co-regulators that control the induction of inflammatory genes in macrophages, which will be then mechanistically and functionally characterized both in vitro and in vivo. By integrating cutting edge genomic and computational approaches with focused genetic screens and biochemical analyses, and eventually validating relevant results in mouse models, this project aims at obtaining an unprecedented level of understanding of the information flow linking genomic regulatory elements to inflammatory gene transcription.

Mots-clés : macrophages,transcription,transcription factors,chromatin,epigenetics and gene regulation
Projet ERC : DOS (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : HU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 312059.9 €

Title: Domestic Servants in Colonial South Asia The ubiquity of domestic servants in contemporary South Asia has received scarce attention from historians. Servant pasts have been used instrumentally to write others’ histories. In contrast, this project centrally situates servants at the intersection of households, labour and forms of relationships. Everyday relationships between servants and masters were based upon labour and wage on the one hand and intimacy and affect on the other. The paradox of pervasive visibility of servants and their marginality in history writing is explicable once theoretical templates are laid bare. To achieve that, the project raises three key questions: 1) How did servant labour unsettle the often rigid and easy categorisation of work into ‘productive’, ‘reproductive’ and ‘unproductive’? 2) How did the multiplicity of relational axes forged around male-male, male-female and female-female affects and hierarchies question the standard accounts framed by assumptions of heterosexual interactions? 3) How did the hierarchies of social and shared worlds marked by race, class, caste, religion, rank, profession and age shape the legal, juridical and criminal bases of labour regulation? Servant histories need to move beyond the employer’s household into the realm of ghettoes, streets, bazaars, barracks, hospitals and mission houses. Two research units involving the PI and a co-applicant cover two periods of colonial history: one, the period from the early eighteenth to the mid-nineteenth; and second, from the mid-nineteenth to the twentieth century. By locating servants in the wider social, political, and moral world, the project combines empirically grounded case studies with the political economy of imperialism. It aims to develop a new understanding of labour, gender and social history, each of these in turn being rewritten, even as they lay the foundations of the first historically grounded account of domestic work in South Asia.
Projet ERC : MUSICOL (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : École normale supérieure PSL — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : ENS PSL
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 118748.75 €

To better understand cultural relations in today’s multi-ethnic, multicultural societies, we need to revisit the legacy of modern empires. This project delves into the musical dimension of the French empire and what differences were negotiated through aurality, long-neglected by historians. Focusing on musical life and media from Dakar and Rabat to Saigon, 1900-1962, it studies how music was practiced, heard, and understood in a variety of colonial contexts. Crucially important is the need to investigate the tastes, practices, and interactions of Europeans and natives, usually studied in isolation. Such scope requires an entirely new methodological paradigm: relational, comparative, and integrative-synthetic. Traversing disciplinary boundaries separating musicology from history, media studies, and ethnomusicology, the project has four objectives: (1) To musicalize history, it probes what musical fields of production contribute to current debates on the nature of empire and colonial identities. (2) To historicize aural media, it examines live and recorded music on radio as windows on the dynamic nature of colonial coexistence. (3) To globalize music history, it brings new coherence with its focus on a single empire and without imposing postcolonial models of domination/resistance. (4) To creolize research, it integrates indigenous research and promotes dialogue with collaborators from the former empire. Foundations laid by the PI’s prior research in colonial archives, availability of sources, each team member’s expertise and focus on one field, their shared method, and common purpose insure its feasibility. This pioneering study of the modern French empire through music will generate new insights into its mechanisms and constituencies, taking colonial, media, and music history in unprecedented directions. Only in understanding the aurality of colonialism--what helped their imperialism take hold and last--can Europeans grasp its full nature, meaning, and legacy.

Mots-clés : colonial radio history,colonial governance,urban spaces,french empire,concerts,musical networks
Projet ERC : EXORICO (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions
Entité participante : Max Planck Society — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : MPG
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2004375.0 €

To date, mechanistic studies on the macromolecular complexes that synthesize or degrade RNAs or proteins have investigated these machines individually to understand how they execute different steps in the gene expression process. Although the individual complexes catalyze their reactions independently of each other in vitro, increasing evidence suggests that they function in a highly coordinated manner in vivo. The molecular basis for such a coordination remains largely unknown. During the past five years, our group has focused on deciphering the mechanisms of multiprotein complexes that mediate mRNA turnover in S. cerevisiae. Here, I propose to take these analyses to the next level and visualize how a major RNA degradation machine, the exosome, is directly coupled to the protein-synthesis machine, the ribosome. In particular, we want to study two different exosome-ribosome assemblies that underpin opposite outcomes of RNA degradation: a constructive function of the nuclear exosome in the maturation of the large ribosomal subunit and a destructive function of the cytoplasmic exosome in the elimination of ribosome-bound mRNAs. Building on our preliminary data from both the yeast and human systems, we will use a combination of bottom-up biochemical reconstitutions and top-down endogenous purifications to isolate 1) an exosome complex and its nuclear cofactors bound to a pre-60S ribosomal subunit and 2) an exosome complex and its cytoplasmic cofactors bound to a stalled 80S ribosome. We will determine the structures of these ~3 - 4 MDa nuclear and cytoplasmic assemblies using the combined information from cryo-electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography approaches. The structural studies, combined with biochemical and genetic information, will reveal how these machines interact and coordinate RNA metabolism with protein synthesis. Overall, this work will provide important insight into the principles that coordinate different steps of eukaryotic gene expression.
Projet ERC : HRMEG (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : Aalto University — Pays : Finlande — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1498806.0 €

To date, neuroimaging has provided a wealth of information on how the human brain works in health and disease. With functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we can obtain spatially precise information about long-lasting brain activations whereas electro- and magnetoencephalography (EEG/MEG) can track transient cortical responses at millisecond resolution. However, none of these methods excel in time-resolved detection of sustained cortical activations, which are typically reflected as bursts of gamma-range (30–150 Hz) oscillations, frequently present in invasive recordings in patients. Although we have recently demonstrated that in exceptional situations MEG can detect even single gamma responses, their signal-to-noise ratio is usually prohibitively low, largely due to the substantial distance (4–5 cm) between cortex and sensors. Here, I propose to exploit recent advances in a novel magnetic sensor technology—atomic magnetometry—to construct a new kind of MEG system that allows capturing cerebral magnetic fields within millimetres from the scalp. Our simulations show that this proximity leads up to a 5-fold increase in the signal amplitude and an order-of-magnitude improvement of spatial resolution compared to conventional MEG. Therefore, a high-resolution MEG (HRMEG) system based on atomic magnetometers should enable non-invasive recordings of cortical activity at unprecedented sensitivity and detail level, which I propose to capitalize on by characterizing cortical responses, particularly gamma oscillations, during complex cognitive tasks. Additionally, since atomic magnetometers can recover within milliseconds from fields of several tesla, I also propose to combine transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with MEG, leveraging the reciprocity of TMS and MEG and thus allowing better-than-ever characterization of TMS-evoked responses. This proposal comprises the research towards a HRMEG system and its application to study the working human brain in a new way.

Mots-clés : magnetoencephalography,electrocorticography,cortical oscillations,gamma oscillations,cortical synchrony,transcranial magnetic stimulation