Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : Locus Ludi (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : University of Fribourg — Pays : Suisse — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2495930.0 €

Play and games were ubiquitous in antiquity, among free men and slaves, men and women, adults and children, in town and country. Even gods played. Ludic culture created communities from early childhood to a ripe old age. Did these groups play together, or did they play different games, with distinct rules? And did they play similar games to us? This interdisciplinary project will provide the first comprehensive study of the evidence. Written, archaeological and iconographic sources are abundant, but forgotten in museums and libraries. This neglect is due to the modern Western view of games as children’s pastime, if not a waste of time. Ancient play and games reflect the gendered, religious, economic, and political fabric of a society, as much as they shape the lives of players by transmitting a cultural identity and an intangible heritage. Ludic culture evolves over time and this project intends to provide a benchmark by reconstructing this history in the Greek world, from the birth of the city-state, c. 800 BCE, to the Roman conquest in 146 BCE, and in the Roman world from the Republican age, c. 500 BCE, to the end of the Western Roman Empire, c. 500 CE. Locus Ludi will identify, categorize, and reconstruct games and play thanks to close linguistic, historical, archaeological, typological, topographical, iconographic, and anthropological studies. Ludic culture also mirrors interactions between different populations, as in the romanisation process, and religious shifts. The research will be informed by theoretical studies of the past as well as by gender and education studies. It will generate a new vision of the cultural fabric of ancient society, provide models for training and research in related fields, as well as up-to-date material for schools, museums, and libraries. Understanding the educational, societal and integrative role of play in the past is important to understand the present and widen the debate on high tech toys and new forms of sociability.

Mots-clés : classical archaeology,cultural anthropology,education science,childhood history
Projet ERC : VOLTA (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth system science
Entité participante : Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : LMU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999681.0 €

Pliny the Younger first reported volcanic lightning in his description of the Pompeii eruption of Vesuvius in 79 AD. Yet, to this day we cannot decipher electrification processes and lightning in volcanic plumes. The brightest clue from volcanoes remains a dark gap to fill. Electrostatics permeates our life just as it does in volcanic plumes, driving processes from the micro to the global scale. Charging impacts the way ash is transported, sedimented and remobilized, and how it chemically reacts in the environment. Like in thunderclouds, volcanic lightning can be readily detected from safe distance, allowing for real-time mapping of ash plumes. Pioneering laboratory experiments and multi-parametric measurements at active volcanoes, I showed a link between electrification and first-order source parameters like mass eruption rate, grain-size distribution and overpressure, suggesting that electrical monitoring can also describe the initial conditions and evolving structure of volcanic plumes. Testing this ground-breaking hypothesis requires an unprecedented interdisciplinary approach that merges knowledge and practice of volcanology, atmospheric sciences, electrostatics and electrical engineering. In VOLTA I will deliver a comprehensive 4D electrical model of volcanic plumes and consequently provide a game-changing tool for volcano monitoring. To this end, I will: 1) design new electrostatic sensors to measure real-time electrical activity at target volcanoes, 2) design and build a unique apparatus to constrain the electrification of gas-particle jets in scaled laboratory experiments, 3) quantify the effect of charging/discharging on the ash lifecycle, and 4) generate a multiphysics numerical model of volcanic plumes incorporating fluid dynamics and electrostatics. Beyond volcanology, VOLTA will provide fundamental understanding of electrification processes in dusty environments, relevant to industrial processing, Earth and planetary electricity and the origin of life.

Mots-clés : volcanic ash,volcanic plume,lightning,explosive eruptions,plume electrification,volcano monitoring,experimental volcanology,numerical modelling,volcanic gas,dust,aerosol,electrostatics,charging,atmospheric electricity,electric breakdown,chemical reactivity,fulgurites,aviation hazards
Projet ERC : POETRY OFF THE PAGE (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : Apples and snakes — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : Apples and snakes
Type d'entité : Autres
Financement ERC de l'entité : 26838.0 €

Poetry Off the Page (PoP) will reveal an alternative ‘literary’ history of the period 1965-2020 by shifting the focus from the written to the spoken word. It will launch a new interdisciplinary methodology for studying poetry’s oral mode and firmly establish poetry performance research as a global discipline. Its central question is how spoken-word poetry’s semantics of presence and embodiment have shaped the “meaning” and functions of poetry, within and across national boundaries. PoP acknowledges that poetry performance upsets the traditional text/context distinction of literary studies. Embracing a double focus on the aesthetics of spoken word and the institutional and media infrastructures in which poetry performance has thrived, PoP will capture the formal innovations and cultural work of poetry performance, its functions as a form of public address, as well as its relation to received literary history (e.g. “de-colonising” and “gendering” the canon). Moreover, the project will highlight the much-neglected transnational aspects of oral performance that are of vital significance especially with regard to emerging communications technologies and postcolonial positionalities. More broadly, PoP critically investigates the role of orality in literate cultures at the crossroads of self-performance, community-building, and their technological mediation. The three methodological pillars of the PoP project are archival research, close listening/viewing aided by digital humanities tools, and qualitative interviews with performance practitioners (poets, spoken-word agents, programmers, producers). On the meta-level, we will create a sophisticated theoretical and methodological framework for interpreting our findings – informed by disciplines such as sound studies, persona studies, life-writing studies, and performance studies, and including sociological constellation analysis and Actor-Network Theory – so as to lay a sound foundation for future scholarship in this field.

Mots-clés : spoken word,poetry performance,twentieth century poetry,contemporary poetry,history of poetry,literary history,orality,poetry slam
Projet ERC : APCG (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : Trinity College Dublin — Pays : Irlande — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TCD
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1312587.0 €

Poetry enjoys a special place in Arabic culture and literature. For centuries, Arabs of all faiths have considered poetry a key source for knowledge, intellectuality and wisdom. In the pre-Islamic era, poetry was considered as ‘the Arab knowledge’ and ‘the Arab cultural archive’, in which the social and cultural history, language, arts, music, religious and Arab’s human experience were stored and preserved. Being a part of Arabic culture, Jews of Arab lands equally enjoyed writing and reading poetry. APCG will investigate for the first time a hitherto neglected collection of Arabic poetry fragments written in Hebrew script (in Judaeo-Arabic), which has been preserved in arguably the most important Jewish treasure trove: the Cairo Genizah. The fragments, numbered in the hundreds, constitute a unique source for understanding medieval and Early Modern Egypt from three main perspectives: Arabic studies, Jewish social and cultural studies, and anthropological studies. The core aims of the project are: • to make the entirety of Arabic and Judaeo-Arabic poetry in the Cairo Genizah accessible to both academic scholars and to the public in a comprehensive database and in critical editions; • to reveal, through the study of poetry, hitherto hidden aspects of social and cultural history of the Jews in the Middle East with regard to literacy, education and intercommunal relations; • to explore hierarchies, interpersonal relationships and the social function of poetry in medieval and early modern Egypt through the study of Genizah poetry. To achieve the planned main objectives, APCG carries out a thorough interdisciplinary study of Genizah’s Arabic poetry. This approach involves research from philological, linguistic, literary, historical and anthropological perspectives.

Mots-clés : arabic poetry,the cairo genizah,judaeo arabic
Projet ERC : Nanozymes POC (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : Imperial College London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 148646.0 €

Point-of-care biosensing technologies often suffer from low sensitivity, specificity, affordability and simplicity. Within "Nanozymes POC" we are exploiting a lateral flow immunoassay point-of-care technology supported from the ERC award "Naturale CG". Our paper-based point-of-care device comprises a lateral flow immunosorbent assay showing a sensitivity of 100pg/mL p24 detection and a 100-fold improvement in sensitivity following a catalytic development step involving platinum core-shell nanoparticles (PtNCs) called “nanozymes”. This technology detects p24 in spiked plasma pool at concentrations as low as 1 pg/mL and has enormous potential for detection of HIV at earlier stages soon after infection, amenable for use in low- and middle-income countries. Within this award, we are optimising the components and their stability and performing tests using clinically relevant samples and in the field. We are also exploring the expansion of this platform technology for its potential in detecting biomarkers for cancer. The commercial strategy performed within Nanozymes POC will support its translation potential, targeting that patients can receive more timely access to treatment options and improve their quality of life.

Mots-clés : biosensing,point of care,cancer,nanomaterials
Projet ERC : CORPLINK (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Copenhagen Business School — Pays : Danemark — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : CBS
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 139950.0 €

Political science conceptualises state-market relations as balancing acts between the public sphere (the state or government) and the private sphere (the market, dominated by large corporate bodies). The expansion of the global market has been led by the rise of large and highly mobile multinational firms. Since many of these companies command turnover comparable to the GDP of middle size states, globalisation is often seen as a global shift of power from states to markets, where corporate power stems from centralisation of resources, capital and structural influence over politics and society. Yet over the past three decades, large firms have been strategically dividing themselves into hundreds and even thousands of multi-unit, multi-layered and multi-jurisdictional cells. Typically constructed to maximise flexibility and opportunity, such de-centring of the global firm over time has increased, not decreased, the power of the corporation in world politics, society and economy. Such practices amount to a new dimension of corporate power, arbitrage power, which is the main concept underpinning this project. Arbitrage power can be defined as the capacity of economic agents to capitalise on the gaps in the institutional and legal framework of the global economy. Traditional approaches to power analysis which conventionally prioritise individual agents or clusters of interests, are of limited help when engaging with the complex ecology of a de-centred firm. CORPLINK has two aims: a) to develop a theoretical framework to study the processes of ‘arbitrage power’ as a distinct facet of economic power; b) to develop a novel transferable methodology for the investigation of corporate arbitrage power, CPL maps (Corporate Processes and Linkages maps). Specifically, the project innovates a new tool for the study of the firm as a political actor that navigates through complex networks and modalities of the global system of governance.
Projet ERC : VERSUS (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : University of Sussex — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999390.0 €

Political violence affects 2 billion citizens across the developing world. Conflict contributes to political decline, high corruption and poverty, poor social cohesion and low institutional trust. VERSUS represents a new direction in political, geographic and empirical subnational studies of conflict and governance. It determines how violence erupts from political processes in varied environments and examines how common internal and external shocks create new trajectories of governance, violence and potential for political resilience. It argues that political relationships between subnational elites and regimes incentivise political violence in developing states. Through a suite of multi-and-mixed methods including power mapping, extensive elite interviews, Bayesian spatial models and dynamic network innovations, VERSUS creates multiple real-time measures of power distribution across select African, Middle Eastern and Asian states for widespread research and policy use. It has five objectives: to advance a developing paradigm on subnational political architectures and environments over static institutionalism; to generate several measures of comparative political power distributions in developing states that capture the degree and depth of regime and elite relationships; to design and test scenarios to explain how, when and where violence erupts as a strategic function of architectures and environments; to develop and implement novel conflict ‘resilience’ tests of regimes, elites and vulnerable members of society in response to internal and external shocks. This creates a state’s ‘carrying capacity’ for shocks and violence; and finally, to collaborate with development practitioners and civil society to implement new standards for elite transparency, support for human rights and ‘good governance’ outcomes.
Projet ERC : PolyDomFormFuncReg (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems
Entité participante : University of Oxford — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999416.0 €

Polycomb group chromatin modifying systems are essential for normal gene regulation and development, and alterations in their activity are a hallmark of a broad range of cancers. Although the chromatin modifications placed by the two central polycomb protein complexes (PRC1 and PRC2) are well-characterized, how this fascinating system selects its target sites in vivo, and then forms polycomb chromatin domains that are repressive to transcription remains enigmatic. This constitutes the major conceptual gap in our understanding of this essential gene regulatory system. We recently discovered a new pathway that is sufficient in model systems to initiate polycomb chromatin domain formation. Building on this discovery, an ambitious high-risk/high-reward yet hypothesis-driven multidisciplinary approach integrating biochemical, molecular, genomic, and single-cell analyses will be exploited to discover the fundamental principles that underpin polycomb domain formation and subsequently transcriptional repression. Specifically, the three aims of the research programme are to: (i) Discover how the KDM2B/PRC1 complex initiates polycomb domain formation, (ii) Discover how polycomb target sites are selected and polycomb domains formed during normal cell lineage commitment, and (iii) Discover how polycomb domains regulate gene expression. Going well beyond the state-of-the-art, our innovative approaches will lead to major new breakthroughs closing the conceptual gap that currently limits our understanding of how polycomb complexes regulate gene expression, an essential first step towards the possibility of devising strategies for therapeutic intervention in human cancers and other diseases where these systems are perturbed. Furthermore, support from the ERC in tackling these important problems will allow me to recruit the talented individuals necessary to achieve our objectives and consolidate my position as an emerging leader in the field.
Projet ERC : EPISWITCH (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions
Entité participante : UK Research and Innovation — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UKRI
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2101325.0 €

Polycomb-mediated epigenetic regulation of gene expression is central to development and environmental plasticity in most eukaryotes. Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) is targeted to genomic sites, known as nucleation regions or Polycomb Response elements, and switches those targets to an epigenetically silenced state. But what constitutes the switching mechanism is unknown. Core epigenetic switching mechanisms have proven difficult to elucidate due to the complex molecular feedbacks involved. We will exploit a well-characterized gene system, Arabidopsis FLC, to address a central question – what are the core events that constitute a Polycomb switch? Our hypothesis is that the epigenetic switch involves stochastic conformationally-induced oligomerization, generating an ordered protein assembly of PRC2 accessory proteins and PRC2, that is then robustly distributed onto both daughter strands during DNA replication through self-templating feedback mechanisms. We will determine the local chromatin features that promote the epigenetic switch independently at each allele (i.e., in cis). We will also dissect the involvement of DNA replication in the transition from metastable to long-term epigenetic silencing, associated with the Polycomb complex spreading across the body of the locus. This interdisciplinary proposal combines molecular genetics/biology, computational biology, with structural biology, achieved through close working relationships with Prof. Martin Howard (John Innes Centre), Dr Mariann Bienz (MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge) and Dr Julian Sale, (MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge). This blue-sky programme aims to provide important new concepts in Polycomb-mediated epigenetic switching mechanisms, important for the whole epigenetics field.

Mots-clés : epigenetic switch,polycomb silencing,oligomerization,mathematical modelling
Projet ERC : CRAFTMOL (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : Universität Innsbruck — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1998767.0 €

Polyene cyclizations belong to the most powerful and fascinating chemical transformations to rapidly assemble molecular architectures. However, the very limited substitution pattern of known substrates and nature’s inability to accommodate heteroatoms or substituents other than methyl restrict molecular diversity, complexity and functionality. CRAFTMOL addresses these limitations by investigating a set of novel heteroatom-substituted and tri/tetrasubstituted polyenes. The participation of these structural units in the cyclization will unlock previously inaccessible reaction pathways and enable efficient, selective and practicable routes to anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antiviral molecules. We will first investigate substrates containing trisubstituted double bonds and explore their behavior in cyclizations involving a transannular/cross-termination step. Realization of this concept will provide a highly modular synthetic platform for the rapid construction of more than 15 bioactive natural products. For the second part, we will explore tetrasubstituted double bonds to realize first-time synthesis of a structurally diverse family of natural products with unique biological activities. We will accomplish these goals by taking advantage of our expertise in total synthesis of complex natural products and modern chemical methodology. The experiments will be guided by computational methods and supported by our high-pressure platform. CRAFTMOL is ground-breaking as it 1) unveils innovative reaction pathways, 2) provides efficient synthetic access to structurally diverse molecular architectures, 3) enables deep-seated structural modifications of natural molecules that are currently inaccessible via fermentation or semi-synthesis. CRAFTMOL will lead to a better understanding of polyene cyclizations, will inspire scientists to develop novel methods for the construction of highly valuable molecules and will therefore advance the entire field of chemical synthesis.

Mots-clés : natural products,total synthesis,terpenes,polyene cyclizations