Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : REsPecTMe (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : KU Leuven — Pays : Belgique — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : KUL
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2486875.0 €

The traditional dichotomy of paid (productive or waged) versus unpaid (reproductive or unwaged) work marginalizes unpaid work when conceptualizing precariousness, i.e. the exposure to unpredictability towards an individual’s future. It also neglects several types of unpaid work such as care work, work as a precondition for welfare payments, and newly emerging on- and offline work in the gig economy for which people in paid work are not compensated or where it is used to access paid work. A novel scientific perspective is needed, which breaks the paid/unpaid distinction, and rethinks precariousness on the paid/unpaid work continuum by uncovering the unpaid activities that increasingly underlie paid employment as a source of ‘value’ creation in the labour market. ResPecTMe will generate a new theoretical model of, and a measurement approach and monitoring tools for, precariousness at the paid and unpaid work continuum. Using my unique experience of studying workers’ subjectivity within their societal contexts, I will achieve this by i) using a sequential mix of qualitative and quantitative methodologies to study precariousness at the paid/unpaid work continuum, and its social effects, in three core areas of work (i.e. care, crowd/gig- and creative), across and within eight European countries; ii) developing a comprehensive theory of precariousness at this continuum; iii) generating a valid, standardized and multi-indicator measurement (i.e. survey module) of precariousness at this continuum; iv) implementing monitoring tools for precariousness at the European level (i.e. rotating module for ESS and EPM). The theoretical knowledge, the measurement and the monitoring tools will address ongoing scientific and social challenges on how to study precariousness by innovating current conceptualisation of work in the scientific and policy community dealing with precarious work.

Mots-clés : precariousness,unpaid work,employment,sociology of work
Projet ERC : UNICODE (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems
Entité participante : University of Vienna — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Univie
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1971846.0 €

The transition from euchromatin to heterochromatin is a fundamental process that particularly reshaped the epigenomic landscape of Y chromosome. Its definitive genomic underpinning and broad functional impact are still unclear, as heterochromatin (e.g., that of human Y) is usually too repetitive to study. I have previously demonstrated that, the young Y (‘neo-Y’) chromosome of Drosophila miranda has just initiated such a transition, thus is a powerful model to unveil the evolution, regulation and functional interaction of heterochromatin. I showed that this neo-Y still harbours over 1800 genes, and only 20-50% of the sequences are transposable elements (TE). Over five years, I aim to: 1) precisely resolve the structure and insertion sites of TEs as a pre-requisite for studying heterochromatin, by combining state-of-art sequencing and bioinformatic techniques. 2) I will reveal the de novo heterochromatin formation triggered by TE insertions or the heterochromatin/euchromatin boundary shifts on the neo-Y, by comparing the binding profiles of histone modification hallmarks and insulator proteins of D. miranda to its sibling species D. pseudoobscura, which lacks the neo-Y. Such epigenomic changes have likely driven the exaptation or innovation of small RNA pathways that govern the TE mobility. 3) I will then identify the responsible small RNAs and their encoding loci, which are expected to have newly emerged or differentially expressed in D. miranda relative to D. pseudoobscura. 4) Finally, I will develop CRISPR/Cas9 in D. miranda to manipulate the expression of TEs encoding such small RNAs on the neo-Y, in order to scrutinize how TE/heterochromatin evolution on the Y would impact the chromatin landscape of the entire host genome. The combined aim of this multidisciplinary project is to generate a framework for understanding the basic mechanisms of how heterochromatin evolves; and open a new avenue toward the discovery of Y chromosome function beyond male determination.

Mots-clés : y chromosome,heterochromatin,evolution,small rna,transposable element
Projet ERC : IChaos (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1696936.74 €

The transition from order to chaos has been a central theme of investigation in dynamical systems in the last two decades. Structures that exhibit a mix of deterministic and chaotic properties, for example, quasi-crystals, naturally arise in problems of geometry and mathematical physics. Despite intense study, key questions about these structures remain wide open. The proposed research is an investigation of intermediate chaos in ergodic theory of dynamical systems. Specific examples include systems of geometric origin such as interval exchange maps, translation and Hamiltonian flows on surfaces of higher genus, symbolic substitution systems important in the study of quasi-crystals as well as dynamical systems arising in asymptotic combinatorics and mathematical physics such as determinantal and Pfaffian point processes. Specific tasks include computation of the Hausdorff dimension for the spectral measure of interval exchange maps (problem posed by Ya. Sinai), limit theorems for Hamiltonian flows on surfaces of higher genus (question of A. Katok), development of entropy theory and functional limit theorems for determinantal point processes and a description of the ergodic decomposition for infinite orthogonally-invariant measures on the space of infinite real matrices (the real case of the problem, posed in 2000 by A. Borodin and G. Olshanski, of harmonic analysis on the infinite-dimensional analogue of the Grassmann manifold). The project consolidates the proposer's past work, in particular, his limit theorems for translation flows (Annals of Math. 2014), his proof of the 1985 Vershik-Kerov entropy conjecture (GAFA 2012) and his solution of the complex case of the Borodin-Olshanski problem (preprint 2013). The proposer is currently PI of project ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02 (1.11.2013--30.10.2015; budget 360000 euro) under the Programme "Investissements d'avenir" of the Government of the French Republic.

Mots-clés : limit theorems in ergodic theory,translation flows,interval exchange maps,substitutions,spectrum,determinantal point processes,entropy,shannon mcmillan breiman theorem,ergodic decomposition
Projet ERC : ARTECHNE (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : Utrecht University — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1804889.0 €

The transmission of ‘technique’ in art has been a conspicuous ‘black box’ resisting analysis. The tools of the humanities used to study the transmission of ideas and concepts are insufficient when it comes to understanding the transmission of something as non-propositional and non-verbal as ‘technique’. The insights of the neurosciences in, for example, the acquisition and transmission of drawing skills are not yet sufficiently advanced to be historically restrictive. However, only in the most recent years, the history of science and technology has turned to how-to instructions as given in recipes. This project proposes to undertake the experimental reconstruction of historical recipes to finally open the black box of the transmission of technique in the visual and decorative arts. Considering ‘technique’ as a textual, material and social practice, this project will write a long-term history of the theory and practice of the study of ‘technique’ in the visual and decorative arts between 1500 and 1950. The three central research questions here are: (1) what is technique in the visual and decorative arts, (2) how is technique transmitted and studied, and (3) who is considered expert in technique, and why? This project will make a breakthrough in our understanding of the transmission of technique in the arts by integrating methodologies typical for the humanities and historical disciplines with laboratory work. Also, by providing a history of technique in the arts, this project lays the historical foundations of the epistemologies of conservation, restoration and technical art history precisely at a moment of greatest urgency. The connection between the history of science and technology and the expertise in conservation, restoration and technical art history (in the Ateliergebouw in Amsterdam) this project envisions builds the intellectual infrastructure of a new field of interdisciplinary research, unique in Europe.

Mots-clés : history of knowledge,art and science,recipes
Projet ERC : TAcTIC (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Proof of concept grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : Leiden University Medical Center — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : LUMC
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 128750.0 €

The treatment for cancer patients is shifting from population-based treatment to the more precise personalized medicine. Tumor-specific molecular diagnostics and treatment are an example of this phenomena to assist clinical decision making and to improve treatment strategies for patients. This change in management will lead to societal benefits such as treatments that fits the patient’s needs and therefore, increased health benefits and increased quality-of-life. The targeted agent we have developed has both an imaging version to improve the detection and resection of cancer and an cytotoxic variant to eliminate potential remaining tumor cells. At this point, there is no agent available that can contribute to both the diagnostic phase and the subsequent treatment in a tumor-specific manner. Near infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging is a technique that has gained a lot of attention over the last decade because of its role in intra-operative guidance to improve resection, and in, for example, endoscopy to improve detection. Combining a NIR-dye to a specific tumor-targeting ligand, like an antibody or a peptide, dramatically enhances the specificity, providing a solid real-time identification and demarcation technique. In TAcTIC, we propose the clinical introduction of a targeted fluorescent imaging agent against EpCAM, which can also be used for response monitoring during endoscopy, and the initiation of a New Company (in the Netherlands) via a joint venture between LUMC and ElevenBio (Boston, United States) for the future commercialization of this agent. The expected outcomes of this proof-of-concept project are the successful introduction of a novel targeted fluorescent agent for in multiple cancer types, a joint venture between LUMC and ElevenBio for the commercialization of this agent, and societal benefits for the patient in the form of increased health benefits and quality of life due to a treatment strategy that fits the individual patient’s needs.

Mots-clés : early cancer detection,tumor targeted diagnosis and treatment,surgery,near infrared fluorescence
Projet ERC : TAcTIC (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Proof of concept grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : Centre for Human Drug Research — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Organismes privés (hors enseignement)
Financement ERC de l'entité : 21250.0 €

The treatment for cancer patients is shifting from population-based treatment to the more precise personalized medicine. Tumor-specific molecular diagnostics and treatment are an example of this phenomena to assist clinical decision making and to improve treatment strategies for patients. This change in management will lead to societal benefits such as treatments that fits the patient’s needs and therefore, increased health benefits and increased quality-of-life. The targeted agent we have developed has both an imaging version to improve the detection and resection of cancer and an cytotoxic variant to eliminate potential remaining tumor cells. At this point, there is no agent available that can contribute to both the diagnostic phase and the subsequent treatment in a tumor-specific manner. Near infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging is a technique that has gained a lot of attention over the last decade because of its role in intra-operative guidance to improve resection, and in, for example, endoscopy to improve detection. Combining a NIR-dye to a specific tumor-targeting ligand, like an antibody or a peptide, dramatically enhances the specificity, providing a solid real-time identification and demarcation technique. In TAcTIC, we propose the clinical introduction of a targeted fluorescent imaging agent against EpCAM, which can also be used for response monitoring during endoscopy, and the initiation of a New Company (in the Netherlands) via a joint venture between LUMC and ElevenBio (Boston, United States) for the future commercialization of this agent. The expected outcomes of this proof-of-concept project are the successful introduction of a novel targeted fluorescent agent for in multiple cancer types, a joint venture between LUMC and ElevenBio for the commercialization of this agent, and societal benefits for the patient in the form of increased health benefits and quality of life due to a treatment strategy that fits the individual patient’s needs.

Mots-clés : early cancer detection,tumor targeted diagnosis and treatment,surgery,near infrared fluorescence
Projet ERC : MOHEDD (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Proof of concept grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : University of Cambridge — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : U. Cambridge
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 150000.0 €

The treatment of glioblastoma – the most common, aggressive and lethal type of brain cancer with survival rated below 14% – requires novel and improved drug delivery systems to overcome the drawback of state-of-the-art local chemotherapy by using Gliadel wafers. MOHEDD aims to evaluate the feasibility of advanced nanoMOFs and hydrogel hybrids for controlled drug delivery into the commercial stage, with the idea of accelerating their access to the market as highly efficient delivery vehicles for glioblastoma. The novelty of MOHEDD’s technology lies on the synergistic potential of integrating nanoMOF particles, loaded with cancer drugs, within a hydrogel network to create a biocompatible, processible, tailorable system for efficient controlled drug delivery in glioblastoma. We use 3D sponge-like networks of hydrogels to promote the dispersibility of MOFs in their matrices, using the MOFs as high capacity drug vehicles as well as to tune the properties of the hydrogels. Through validation of drug loading and release with MOF@hydrogels, we will evaluate such composites for human (rat) glioma models. We expect to achieve pharmaceutical, clinical, academic and public impact throughout MOHEDD project by a close collaboration of industrial partners and clinical advisers. The industrial consortium stems from a successful spin-out of the academic group (Immaterial Labs), chemical manufacturers (BASF) and pharma companies (AstraZeneca) as well as clinicians. The success of MOHEDD will result in the translation of MOF@hydrogel systems to pharma industry through collaboration with Immaterial Labs.

Mots-clés : metal organic frameworks,adsorption technologies,drug delivery
Projet ERC : TOTAL (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer science and informatics
Entité participante : University of Warsaw — Pays : Pologne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UW
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1417625.0 €

The two most recognized algorithmic paradigms of dealing with NP-hard problems in theoretical computer science nowadays are approximation algorithms and fixed parameter tractability (FPT). Despite the fact that both fields are by now developed, they have grown mostly on their own. In our opinion the two fields have critical mass allowing for synergy effects to appear when using techniques from one area to obtain results in the other, which is the main theme of the project. Furthermore, practical effectiveness of randomized local search heuristics is a not yet understood phenomenon. We believe that substantial increase of our understanding of superpolynomial running times in recent years should allow for rigorous proofs of parameterized and approximation results obtained by those methods. Based on our experience with parameterized complexity and approximation algorithms we propose three research directions with potential of solving major long-standing open problems in both areas with the following objectives. (a) Transfer from Approximation to FPT: use the PCP theorem to prove lower bounds for exact parameterized algorithms under the Exponential Time Hypothesis and take advantage of extended formulations in FPT branching algorithms. (b) Transfer from FPT to Approximation: utilize parameterized algorithms tools in local-search-based approximation algorithms and explore the potential of proving new inapproximability results based on the Exponential Time Hypothesis. (c) Rigorous Analysis of Practical Heuristics: unravel the practical effectiveness of randomized local search heuristics by proving their parameterized and approximation properties, when given subexponential or even moderately exponential running time. Our objectives lie in the frontier of fixed parameter tractability and approximation areas. Complete resolution of our goals would dramatically change our understanding of both areas, with further consequences in other disciplines within computer science.

Mots-clés : fixed parameter tractability,approximation algorithms,parameterized algorithms
Projet ERC : e-See (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Systems and communication engineering
Entité participante : Université Grenoble Alpes — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UGA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 15000.0 €

The ultimate goal of device miniaturization is to rely on a single charge provided by a single dopant atom: solotronics. Currently the gate length in a transistor cannot be reduced beyond 10-12 nm, as variability between nominally identical devices reaches unacceptable levels. Elaborate quantum transport experiments can monitor the presence and spin state of a single charge, but do not provide information about location and distribution (wavefunction) of the charge or the local chemical and crystallographic environment. The latter, however, determine why the charge is present at a specific location with a particular distribution. Scanning probe techniques can measure charges but are restricted to the near surface region. In contrast, the phase of an electron in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can probe the sample volume and is sensitive to charge. The target of the e-See project is the first real time observation of the wavefunction associated to a single electron charge in the volume of a device with atomic resolution. I aim to implement low temperature quantum transport experiments in a TEM to allow simultaneous electrical manipulation of this charge. Combined visualization and manipulation of a single charge trapped by Coulomb blockade in a transistor will (i) identify the origins of device variability, and (ii) show how the local properties of the sample affect localization of a single charge and its wavefunction. The project impact involves understanding of variability, improving device design and creation of a new research field on low temperature electrical in situ TEM experiments. It will provide the tool to visualize a single charge wavefunction in any device, enabling ultimate device engineering: deterministic 3D atomic scale control of the position of charge localization. To this end, I will use electron holography and scanning TEM, develop a low temperature electrical TEM sample holder, and novel sample preparation.

Mots-clés : single charge,transmission electron microscopy  tem,devices
Projet ERC : PINNACLE (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Physical and analytical chemical sciences
Entité participante : Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : LMU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1498187.5 €

The unprecedented advancement of halide perovskite photovoltaics and light-emission applications has far outpaced the basic scientific research necessary to understand this fascinating yet perplexing material and to optimize material quality and device integration. Additionally, the intricate nature of the perovskite is susceptible to degradation from environmental stress, such as moisture and heat, currently deterring commercialization. This research project will realize a novel synthesis for perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) by means of block copolymer nanoreactors. These will enable an unprecedented control over size and dimensionality of the NCs into the quantum-confinement regime. Using these NCs, we will determine the fundamental optical, electrical, and phononic properties of perovskite, mainly by means of temperature-controlled transient optical spectroscopy. Elucidation of the degradation mechanisms through controlled subjecting to external stress, will lead to strategies for designing the nanoreactor to shield the NCs, mitigating these effects. Additionally, we will investigate the high mobility of (halide) ions in perovskites, and likewise design the polymeric nanoreactor to deter ion migration and enable NC implementation into existing optoelectronic applications and currently unattainable architectures, such as hetero-structures and exciton funnels. We will create stable, high-quality NC-films, enabling the formation of multilayers for exciton funnelling by means of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). We will highlight the NC potential by integrating them into LEDs of various architectures, by demonstrating low-threshold ASE and realizing unprecedented perovskite-laser geometries, e.g. vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) and plasmonic nanopatch lasers. PINNACLE will greatly further the understanding of halide perovskites, benefitting the research community, and lead to novel optoelectronic devices and exciting new applications.

Mots-clés : optical spectroscopy,nanocrystal,perovskites,light emission,lasing,energy transfer  fret