Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : De Tenebris (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Universe Sciences
Entité participante : Université d'Amsterdam — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UvA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2499763.0 €

A new era has come in the quest for dark matter, due to the absence of evidence for the most popular candidates, despite the enormous effort that has gone into searching for them. Here, I argue that the advent of precision gravitational wave astronomy offers a new extraordinary opportunity to discover DM in the strong gravity regime, and to uncover its particle properties. In a series of recent breakthrough studies, my team has shown that upcoming gravitational interferometers will be sensitive to the characteristic features in the gravitational waveforms induced by matter, and in particular dark matter, in the extreme environment around black holes, as long as our models are accurate enough. The aim of the De Tenebris project is to formulate clear and accurate predictions of the dark matter phenomenology in strong gravity, to enable the discovery of dark matter with gravitational waves. To achieve this goal, we will build relativistic waveforms of binary black holes in presence of dark matter; determine the merger rate of binary black holes in presence of dark matter; assess the gravitational wave signature of dark matter self-annihilation and self-interaction. Discovering dark matter in the strong gravity limit would be an extraordinary achievement per se, as it would validate a central prediction of Standard Cosmology. But my dream is to identify its nature by studying its signature on the observed gravitational waveforms, and find the path to extending the Standard Model of particle physics.
Projet ERC : Cascade (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Compl exity
Entité participante : Université d'Amsterdam — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UvA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2493576.0 €

Tipping points or phase transitions separate stable states in psycho-social systems. Examples are quitting smoking, radicalization, and dropping-out of school. Two knowledge gaps prevent our ability to predict and control these tipping points. First, we miss explanatory mathematical models of such non-linear processes. Second, we ignore the multilevel character of psycho-social transitions. I contend that important changes in many psycho-social systems are cascading transitions, where individual transitions trigger or are triggered by social transitions. The cascade of radicalization of individuals in the context of political polarization in societies is an example of such a multilevel process. Being able to predict and control cascading transitions in psycho-social systems would be a major scientific breakthrough. As an expert of complex systems research in the behavioural and social sciences, with an extensive track record in studying single level psychological transition processes (e.g., in perception, sleep, disorders, cognition, and attitudes), my key objective is to develop a novel and broadly applicable methodology to study multilevel cascading transitions in psycho-social systems. This methodology comprises theory construction in the form of mathematical modelling and innovative empirical analyses. I will do so by studying three important examples: a) opinion change from individuals to populations and back, b) learning, where progression and drop-out are embedded in collective processes, c) addiction, where transitions to addiction or abstinence within individuals are part of cascading epidemiological changes of substance use in populations. Beyond its immediate utility in these three cases, I envisage this novel, highly interdisciplinary project to stimulate future scientific research on cascading transitions in other disciplines, such as climate research, and to have significant impact on practices in conflict management, healthcare, and education.

Mots-clés : phase transitions,complexity,learning,attitudes,addiction
Projet ERC : RESCUE (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Texts and Concepts
Entité participante : Université d'Amsterdam — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UvA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2497500.0 €

How to be critical in a context where critique is disavowed? How to speak against power while being silenced? How to stay amidst suppression? RESCUE studies how cultural practices in the domains of popular music, contemporary art, and queer cinema, in mainland China and Hong Kong, develop resilient tactics to express their social and political discontent. It theorises resilience and cultural critique in times of intensified authoritarianism and rapid platformization. Whereas such practices can resort to a history of experiences in China to negotiate a recently intensified authoritarianism, cultural practitioners in Hong Kong are facing a compressed authoritarianism – still searching for resilient tactics. RESCUE studies indie music in Hong Kong; folk music in China; the role of official and unofficial art institutes in China and Hong Kong; socially engaged art projects in rural and urban areas in China and Hong Kong; and queer cinema and queer film festivals in China and Hong Kong. It develops a relational comparative analysis between different cultural fields, and at different localities (Hong Kong, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Tianshui), to unpack the (im)possibilities of critique. RESCUE develops an innovative methodological toolkit, combining ethnography with textual analysis, digital methods, and collaborative research. RESCUE will establish and consolidate a network of academics, cultural practitioners, and activists in mainland China, Hong Kong, East Asia, and Europe, through multiple workshops, a podcast series, performances, screenings, and an exhibition – thereby increasing the social impact of the project. Findings will not only attest to the multivocality, diversity, and vitality of cultural production in mainland China and Hong Kong, thus pushing back against the idea of the omnipotent Chinese state, but also inspire and forge connections to other localities facing a comparable predicament (e.g. Brazil, Hungary, India, Russia, and Turkey).

Mots-clés : authoritarianism,resilience,critique,digitisation,mainland china,hong kong,popular music,contemporary art,queer cinema
Projet ERC : GLOBALVALUE (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : École de commerce de Copenhague — Pays : Danemark — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2055441.0 €

Ongoing struggles over vaccine supplies forcefully illustrates the extent to which Global Value Chains (GVCs) serves as central infrastructures of the global economy and global society. While the COVID-19 pandemic might have been a revelation in this respect, the centrality of GVCs dates back to the dawn of colonialism. Both historically and in contemporary times, GVCs produces profound environmental and socio-economic externalities in jurisdictions often incapable of or unwilling to effectively regulate abhorrent working conditions and environmental degradation. Hence, the question of how to legally regulate cross-border economic processes including the capability of democratically organised political processes to effectively regulate GVCs is a central legal problem within fields such as competition, contract and corporate law as well as environmental, human rights and labour law.  Until recently, voluntary soft law measures were the preferred regulatory tools in relation to GVCs. In the last few years, a decisive move towards hard national and EU regulation has however taken place thereby raising the question to what extent this changes the rules of the game. On the backdrop of this development, GLOBALVALUE develops a novel and systematic socio-legal approach to GVC Law. This is done in a threefold manner: Firstly, through a historical sociological reconstruction of GVC Law going back to colonial law countering the currently dominant ahistorical approaches to GVC Law. Secondly, through three comprehensive case studies in relation to the global pharmaceutical, wine and trade fairs industries. Spanning five continents and nine national jurisdictions the case studies will illuminate the effects of contemporary hard and soft law practices of GVC law. Thirdly, through the development of a new concise conceptuality of GVC law with direct implications for our understanding of core legal concepts such as contract, legal order and economic constitutionalism.

Mots-clés : socio legal studies,sociology of human rights,international economic law,sociology of societal constitutionalism,global justice,legal theory
Projet ERC : Laser-Tissue-Perfuse (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Biotechnology and Biosystems E ngineering
Entité participante : Laser nanofab gmbh — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Organismes privés (hors enseignement)
Financement ERC de l'entité : 797502.5 €

Building 3D vascularised organs remains the major unsolved challenge to be overcome in biofabrication and tissue engineering. Establishing blood vessels capable of efficient transport of gas, nutrients, and metabolites to and from cells is a prerequisite for the survival of tissue constructs, both in vitro and when transplanted in vivo. High resolution multi-scale constructs are necessary to replicate the complexity of functional vascular perfusion from large scale arteries and veins to micron scale arterioles, venules and capillaries. Using a unique combination of advanced laser bioprinting with two-photon polymerisation technique a full vascular system may be generated by exploring different scaffold-based, scaffold-free, sacrificial, and hybrid approaches for the generation of a complex vasculature with functional layers and extra-cellular matrix. The connection of artery and vein with engineered vascular tree including capillaries have received little research attention despite the crucial requirement to reliably connect perfusion inlets and outlets to a pulsatile flow system. This is essential not only to perfuse tissue, but to stimulate and control maturation of engineered tissue in reaching the condition required to function with realistic biophysical characteristics of thick tissue outside of a closed incubation chamber. Computer-controlled generation of a 3D vascular capillary tree and achieving its perfusion in centimetre scale cardiac and skin tissue constructs using the developed biofabrication methodologies will represent a seminal breakthrough in organ regeneration with widespread long-term impacts across the field of regenerative medicine.

Mots-clés : vasculature,micro vasculature,perfusion systems,two photon polymerisation,laser bio printing
Projet ERC : epiC9repair (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System
Entité participante : German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : DZNE
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2498905.0 €

Repeat expansions are a major cause of neurodegenerative diseases, but causal therapies are not available. A (G4C2)n repeat expansion in C9orf72 is the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) in Europe. Despite extensive research, the mechanisms linking these expansions to selective neurodegeneration remain poorly understood. Our project, epiC9repair, explores the novel hypothesis that genomic instability at the C9orf72 locus, driven by aberrant DNA repair and repeat-induced chromatin changes, is a critical factor in ALS/FTD pathogenesis. This project builds on our recent observation that the C9orf72 repeat is also a hotspot of DNA synthesis in post-mitotic neurons, and on recent findings in Huntington’s disease that cell type-specific somatic expansion of the pathogenic (CAG)n repeat drives neurodegeneration by unknown mechanisms. Using advanced CRISPR screens and innovative chromatin mapping techniques, we aim to uncover the DNA repair pathways that drive genomic instability in C9orf72 ALS/FTD and how these pathways contribute to neurodegeneration. In addition, we will investigate the role of epigenetic modifications in cell culture models and patient tissues, with a focus on identifying biomarkers that correlate with disease progression and regional neurodegeneration. These findings will inform studies in mouse models to test the therapeutic potential of targeting genomic instability. This multidisciplinary approach has the potential to transform our understanding of C9orf72-related diseases and paves the way for targeted therapeutic strategies that address the root causes of genomic instability in neurodegeneration.

Mots-clés : genomic instability,repeat expansion diseases,c9orf72,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,frontotemporal dementia
Projet ERC : AnoxyGen (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Biotechnology and Biosystems E ngineering
Entité participante : Leibniz-Gemeinschaft — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : WLG
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2499859.0 €

Anaerobic bacteria, a group of microorganisms that thrive in the absence of oxygen, have a significant impact on the quality of life on Earth. They play a crucial role in biotechnology and are essential components of the gut microbiota. As such, they are of tremendous importance for human, animal, and environmental health. On the other hand, certain anaerobes can be life-threatening pathogens. In light of this, there is an urgent need for a deeper understanding of the specialized metabolites of anaerobes, which could function as chemical mediators, virulence factors, and antibiotics. Although genome analyses indicate that anaerobic bacteria hold an enormous potential for producing structurally unique compounds, biosynthetic gene clusters are typically downregulated or silent under laboratory conditions. Synthetic biology approaches to unearth these cryptic pathways have been hampered by the lack of universal activation strategies, the cumbersome genetic tractability of anaerobes, and the incompatibility of standard expression systems with the oxygen-sensitive biosynthetic enzymes. The AnoxyGen project seeks to unearth the vast structural wealth of natural products from the anaerobic world and leverage their unique biosynthetic machinery using a highly versatile anaerobic expression platform. This ambitious initiative comprises four work packages aimed at refining synthetic biology tools, creating gain-of-function anaerobes, discovering novel drug candidates and virulence factors, and engineering biosynthetic pathways to create metabolic diversity. By achieving these objectives, AnoxyGen will grant a comprehensive overview on specialized metabolites and biocatalysts of anaerobes, which have great translational value for medicine, ecology, and biotechnology. In addition to providing valuable methods and tools to the scientific community, this project has the potential to bring significant benefits for the health and well-being of people, animals, and the environment.

Mots-clés : natural products,biosynthesis,antibiotics,polyketides,peptides,bacteria
Projet ERC : IneQint (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Soci al World and Its Interactions
Entité participante : Stiftelsen institutet for framtidsstudier — Pays : Suède — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 3244050.71 €

Socioeconomic inequality has become increasingly intertwined with immigrant status in many Western European societies. One important question is whether and how socioeconomic disadvantages among immigrant parents hamper the integration of their children. This project focuses on inequality and spatial segregation, and how they affect the children of immigrants in terms of their wellbeing and structural, social and cultural integration. We ask how integration in different dimensions comes to be, analyzing the internal workings of schools, including grading, ability grouping, and social relations among classmates. The complex nature of the questions we address requires outstanding and up-to-date data: one of the major contributions of this project is to collect such data. This will be achieved via a longitudinal survey conducted among 5000 pupils in 100 representative Swedish comprehensive schools, coupled with parent, register and digital data. The project also offers excellent opportunities to assess changes in inequality and integration over the last 15 years through comparisons with pre-existing data. Sweden provides a particularly interesting case due to its high immigration (particularly from the Middle East and Africa’s horn), increasing income inequality, growing ethnic and socioeconomic school segregation, and rapidly decreasing support for immigration. The data will make it possible to study changes in inter-ethnic social relations, attitudes, values, religiosity and subjective wellbeing over time – all within the context of the structural opportunities set by inequality and segregation. The study also obtains information (from teachers, headmasters and registers) on school organization, resources, and climate, producing a comprehensive picture of the school setting. In this sense, it is more than a survey conducted in schools; it is a survey of schools, the pupils that populate them, and the resources and milieu they are embedded in.

Mots-clés : inequality,structural integration,social integration,cultural integration,intergroup relations,wellbeing,youth,segregation,immigration,stratification,education
Projet ERC : WomEmpower (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Soci al World and Its Interactions
Entité participante : Université de Barcelone — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2497000.0 €

“A life free of violence is a basic human right” (WHO 2013). Yet one in three women in the EU has experienced physical and/or sexual violence since age 15, with the perpetrator often her (ex-)partner. Ending gender-based and domestic violence is one of society’s greatest challenges and a top priority of the European Commission as reflected in its Gender Equality Strategy 2020-25. The question is how. WomEmpower is an interdisciplinary study adopting a comprehensive ecological framework (Heise 1998, 2011) to examine the impact of household, community and structural factors on Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). WomEmpower will estimate causally the effect of (1) motherhood, (2) gender norms and (3) cash transfers to working women on the risk of victimization of women in the EU by their (ex-)partners and then identify the underlying mechanisms at work. Three challenges emerge: How to measure IPV? How to measure gender norms? How to identify causality? First, WomEmpower utilizes novel and unique “big data” sources and state-of-the-art quantitative methods to provide a radically new perspective on the protective and risk factors for the incidence and severity of IPV by estimating the link between IPV and motherhood and its underlying mechanisms using population-level administrative longitudinal data instead of the small-sample administrative data obtained from hospitals, the police, family counselling or shelters. Second, WomEmpower uses quasi-experimental techniques to estimate causally the role of gender norms on (1) IPV, (2) women’s experiences of gender-based discrimination and (3) women’s and men’s attitudes about hegemonic masculine norms. Third, WomEmpower will determine whether cash transfers to vulnerable women may prevent domestic violence in high-income countries and why. This comprehensive evidence-based research identifying the causal factors of IPV is crucial for the long-term goal of improving the health and well-being of women and their children in Europe.

Mots-clés : violence against women vaw,intimate partner violence ipv,quantitative methods,natural experiments,quasi experiments,causal drivers of behavior,marginal effects,social determinants of ipv,social norms,motherhood,cash transfers,minimum wage increase,women s economic empowerment,gender inequality
Projet ERC : ANTICIPATE (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : International Security and Development Center — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : ISDC
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 262500.0 €

Armed conflict is human development in reverse. The full scale of conflicts’ impacts remains unknown, however, and fragmentation of research into multiple academic fields limits our understanding. This multidisciplinary project brings together scholars from economics, epidemiology, political science, and conflict research to study the impacts in much more detail and comprehensiveness than earlier studies. It takes a risk analysis perspective, assessing the expected impact as a function of hazard, exposure, and vulnerability, and consider effects at both the macro and micro level, on economies, health, and political institutions. It will model exposure to conflict events by accounting for how effects of observed, overt violence are transmitted to locations far from the violence itself and over time, identify conditions that make local communities, marginalized groups, and women particularly vulnerable to the effects, and study how conflict increases their vulnerability to other shocks such as natural disasters. The objective of the project is to model hazard as a probability distribution over the predicted number of direct deaths from violence in locations across the world, exposure as a model for how local populations will be affected by this likely violence, and vulnerability how exposure is translated into adverse human development impact for these populations. The results will be coordinated in the form of a monthly updated early-warning system, expanding the well-established ViEWS model, to also alert observers to particularly detrimental occurrences of violence. Throughout, the project will study how the various impacts and vulnerabilities identified work to reinforce each other, and formulate policy recommendations for parties seeking to reduce the impact on human development.