Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : LBPL (Horizon Europe, appel 2025, Consolidator grants)
Entité participante : Université de Tel Aviv — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TAU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2000000.0 €

We propose to study one of the most fundamental problems in computational complexity theory: the BPL vs. L problem. Specifically, we aim to construct improved pseudorandom generators (PRGs) and weighted PRGs—a notion introduced by the PI and coauthors (STOC 18, CCC 21). In recent years, weighted PRGs have gained significant attention and played a central role in numerous advancements. Notably, the PI and coauthors leveraged WPRG techniques to improve the 30-year-old Saks-Zhou algorithm for iterated matrix multiplication (STOC 23).  Despite a flurry of progress in recent years, achieving breakthroughs on such fundamental problems will likely require fresh and innovative approaches. In this proposal, we present novel ideas drawing from spectral graph theory, computational methods, and combinatorial techniques. Some of these ideas build on the PI's analysis of rotating expanders (STOC 23), and of the Zig-Zag and other graph products (FOCS 24, ITCS 25). These efforts are further supported by promising preliminary results.  We also introduce a novel computational model, termed input catalytic machines, along with new PRG variants. These models hold the potential to shed new light on classical questions and the barriers that hinder progress. This adds a conceptual dimension to the proposal, increasing its likelihood of success. Furthermore, we propose to study key algorithmic problems, specifically focusing on their space complexity.  While challenging, we are well-positioned to tackle these longstanding open problems. The PI has made significant contributions, including introducing WPRGs, improving the Saks-Zhou algorithm, and achieving breakthroughs on foundational questions such as Ramsey graphs and tree code construction (STOC 16, STOC 18). Additionally, the PI's deep expertise in advanced mathematical theories, such as finite free probability, underpins the spectral methods integral to this proposal.

Mots-clés : bpl,pseudorandom generators,derandomization,space bounded computation
Projet ERC : FACT (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer Science and Informatics
Entité participante : Université de Tel Aviv — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TAU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2000000.0 €

Algorithmic game theory (AGT) lies at the intersection of algorithms and incentives, offering a framework for the design of algorithms that provide incentives for collaboration in computational markets. AGT has played a pivotal role in shaping vital computing platforms. One of the most influential fields within AGT is algorithmic mechanism design, providing incentives for truthful revelation of private information. An equally important intersection of algorithms and incentives arises in the design of algorithms incentivizing self-interested agents to exert costly effort in executing their tasks. Incentivizing effort was studied with great success in the economics field of contract theory. As classic applications of effort incentivization move to computational platforms, including huge computational markets for freelancing services, marketing, and online courses, they grow in scale and complexity and become data-driven. In this evolving landscape, adopting an algorithmic approach to contract design is essential. This includes a language for analyzing the computational complexity of contracts in combinatorial settings, tools for studying simplicity-optimality tradeoffs, and a formalism for analyzing data-driven contracts. In 2006, I co-authored the pioneering paper applying an algorithmic lens to contract design, marking the inception of the field of algorithmic contract theory (ACT) and foreshadowed future developments. However, it is only in recent years that the scientific landscape and computational platforms have matured to a stage where ACT has become a prominent field in AGT. Preliminary research in ACT has been enlightening. However, the state of the art of ACT still lags far behind full applicability in Internet applications, largely due to disregard of crucial real-world aspects. The paramount goal of this project is to establish a foundational theory for algorithmic contract design that will bridge this gap and inform the design of real-world applications.

Mots-clés : algorithmic game theory,economics and computation,algorithmic contract design,algorithmic contract theory,algorithmic mechanism design,combinatorial auctions
Projet ERC : Immune-Me (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Biotechnology and Biosystems E ngineering
Entité participante : Université de Tel Aviv — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TAU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2999263.0 €

Understanding how the adaptive immune system works is of monumental scientific importance. It is remarkable, then, that despite the sophisticated modeling technologies available today, there are no human-relevant in vitro platforms mimicking the adaptive immune system in a physiological environment. Rather, state-of-the art models involve animals or in vitro systems that capture isolated elements of the immune response (e.g., activation by tumor cells). The challenge in developing immunized in vitro models is that adaptive immune cells cannot be co-cultured with non-autologous tissue, as they become activated and destroy it. We propose a groundbreaking paradigm that tackles this challenge, while advancing the greater ideal of personalized medicine. The approach builds on my expertise with the Organ-on-a-Chip: a microfluidic platform comprising human tissue that closely mimics organ functionality. I will create a novel platform integrating six vascularized Organ-Chips, all originating from iPSCs derived from a specific individual, which have been differentiated into specific tissue types. This fully isogenic platform will accommodate the donor’s adaptive immune cells: Because they originate from the same source, they will not be activated. Indeed, preliminary results support this hypothesis. The resultant system, Immune-Me-on-a-Chip, will constitute a first-of-its kind personalized-immunized-human platform for studying human physiology and biological threats. I will use the system to explore fundamental biological questions: (i) understanding how different isogenic and non-isogenic tissues interact with the immune system, e.g., in organ transplantation; and (ii) identifying how pathogens (antibiotic-resistant E. coli), as well as antibiotic treatment, affect human physiology and the immune response. This research will revolutionize the study of human physiology in general and of immunity in particular, and will open the door to a new era of personalized medicine.

Mots-clés : advanced in vitro models,personalized medicine,human immune system,ipsc and organs on a chip
Projet ERC : NEUROFASCIA (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System
Entité participante : Université de Tel Aviv — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TAU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1897200.0 €

The fascia is the largest tissue in the body, yet most of us never heard of it. This connective tissue delineates the skin, surrounds muscles, and closely envelops all organs. Clinically, it is mainly considered a mechanical barrier separating organs and muscles. But why should a simple barrier be populated with immune cells and receive extensive innervation by sensory and sympathetic neurons? Here we propose that the fascia generates a sensory platform that detects damage to the tissues it envelops and communicates this information to the brain which in turn, initiates corrective programs and modulates immune activity. Our preliminary results support this hypothesis indicating that chronic depression in mice and direct optogenetic activation of sympathetic fascia innervations induce immune changes in the fascia. We propose three major aims: A) Characterization: Identify the anatomical and genetic characteristics of fascia innervation and fascia resident immune cells B) Function: Determine how fascia inflammation is represented in the brain and how it affects pain responses C) Modulation: Demonstrate how neural control of the fascia affects this tissue and its immune state  My multidisciplinary background uniquely positions me to study this novel aspect of brain-body communication. We will use viral tracing and spatial transcriptomics to characterize the fascia’s innervation; optogenetics to locally control neurons in the fascia; chemogenetics to manipulate brain activity; and high-dimensional immune characterization to establish the immunological outcomes in the fascia. NEUROFASCIA has the potential to transform our understanding of brain-immune communication and open new therapeutic avenues for disease such as myofascial pain syndrome, endometriosis, and fibromyalgia, which are accompanied by low-grade inflammation and altered fascia innervation.

Mots-clés : connective tissue,sympathetic nervous system,interoception
Projet ERC : MORpH (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and R egeneration
Entité participante : Institute of Experimental Botany — Pays : Rép. Tchèque — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ÚEB AV ČR
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999660.0 €

Plant cells, living in their cell walls, are immobile and thus tightly control growth to shape their organs and bodies. Mechanical properties of the cell wall are modulated by pH, which is governed by the activity of plasma membrane proton ATPases. The central regulator of plant growth, phytohormone auxin, regulates gene transcription. My team and I have significantly contributed to recent discoveries of additional auxin signaling pathways that act rapidly, in a non-genomic manner. Surprisingly, all auxin signaling pathways converge on the regulation of ion fluxes and cell wall pH. The central hypothesis of the MORpH project is that the rapid regulation of cell wall pH by auxin plays a fundamental role in plant development. I propose that rapid auxin responses controlled by the TIR1/AFB auxin receptors participate in the morphogenesis of the above-ground plant body and that these receptors also drive rapid responses in grasses. In this project, I will reveal the identity of molecular components of the AFB1-driven cytoplasmic auxin pathway using a forward genetic screen and protein proximity labeling approaches, exploiting the unique genetic material of my team. I will address the role of the rapid cytoplasmic auxin responses in the development of above-ground organs of the Arabidopsis model plant. By embracing a new model system relevant to cereals, Brachypodium distachyon, I will elucidate the significance of rapid auxin responses in grasses. Finally, using a combination of live-cell imaging, proteomics, and genetics, I will analyze and manipulate cell wall pH dynamics during key plant morphogenetic events, and discover the regulatory mechanisms underlying cell wall acidification. The MORpH project will uncover novel fundamental roles of rapid auxin signaling in morphogenesis, and at the same time will expand my research toward plant models relevant to cereal crops.

Mots-clés : plant cell wall,auxin,morphogenesis,brachypodium,live cell imaging
Projet ERC : DROOGHT (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Biotechnology and Biosystems E ngineering
Entité participante : Université catholique de Louvain — Pays : Belgique — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UCL
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1996749.0 €

As droughts are becoming more frequent and severe, there is a call for adaptation strategies that enhance the crop’s resilience to these climate conditions. One pathway to do so is to select crops whose root system optimize the soil water uptake. However, the identification of adequate ideotypes is compromised by the limited understanding of the structural drivers controlling the water uptake from the root to crop scales. This knowledge gap is attributable to the multiscale and nonlinear nature of the soil-plant interactions. DROOGHT aims to address these gaps by identifying the dominant drivers of the complex below-ground processes in cereal crops. Based on suggestive pieces of evidence, the project builds on the primary hypothesis that the distribution of the root diameter within a cereal root system is an indicator of its structure and functions at the organ and field scales. The value and groundbreaking nature of such an indicator would lie in its simplicity: diameters are one of the easiest root traits to measure in any field set-up and at large scales. I will test this hypothesis and identify the dominant structural root traits controlling plant water uptake dynamics under water-limited conditions using complementary in silico and in vivo approaches. The outputs of this project will be (i) a novel multiscale computational framework that links local root structures to plant and crop functions; (ii) a phenotyping pipeline that links root structure to function; and (iii) the identification of cereal root properties favorable to higher yields across European pedoclimatic conditions and climate change scenarios. More broadly, this project will allow a significant step forward in our understanding of the role of root systems' structural traits on water uptake dynamics. It will provide practical insight for breeders and simpler, more elegant below-ground processes model components to insert into crop models.

Mots-clés : root,drought,diameter,model,phenotyping,wheat
Projet ERC : X-STREAM (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Materials Engineering
Entité participante : Université nouvelle de Lisbonne — Pays : Portugal — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UNL
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999608.0 €

X-STREAM will sprout a new era of sustainable power sources based in photovoltaic (PV) systems which are not bounded by fundamental limits that hamper the efficiency of conventional solar cells, and endowed with energy storage via a synergetic coupling with electrochemistry (EC). This will be achieved via an unprecedented energy-package integrating two disruptive advances: 1) Light management via quantum structuring amplified by photonic trapping, to create 3-band PV – a new trend that will be launched, realized with wide-bandgap nanostructured solar cells capable of pronouncedly converting photon energies below their bandgap, thus exploiting the broad solar spectral range. This will allow, for the first time, to increase the efficiency of single-junction PV towards a 50% theoretical maximum, which is close to the limiting efficiency of triple-junction cells but here is attained with a single-junction. 2) Smart combination between PV cells and EC flow cells, in compact PV-EC devices that deliver the energy in hydrogen (H2) fuel synthesized from water splitting, enabling close to 30% solar-to-H2 efficiency with high operation stability, by capitalizing on: a) high voltage per junction of the 3-band PV technology, which is favourable to drive the EC reactions; b) thermal coupling between PV and EC in single devices, which naturally provides heat management of both systems. The targeted fuel is a highly convenient energy vector in view of the present European urgency for a resilient, competitive and environment-friendly H2 economy. All the project developments will be attractive for industrial deployment, since mostly Earth-abundant materials and scalable processes are applied, so that the PV-EC prototypes can be easily customized and scaled for different uses. The expertise of the PI team and his network of collaborators in nanotechnology, multi-band PV, photonics for light-trapping and solar fuels via PV-EC, places him in the best position to realize X-STREAM goals.

Mots-clés : solar fuels,photovoltaics,green hydrogen,multi band semiconductors,photonics for light management,nanostructured perovskite solar cells,solar powered electrochemical water splitting
Projet ERC : WETDNA (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and Processes Engineering
Entité participante : Université d'Erciyes — Pays : Turquie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : EÜ
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2000000.0 €

Encoded surfaces have a rich set of applications that range from anti-counterfeiting to sensing. A desirable characteristic is the synergetic combination of molecular specificity with macroscopic changes that can be detected with simple infrastructure. Wetting is a macroscopic property, with transitions identifiable even with the naked eye. As the genetic information carrier, DNA is perfectly suited for molecular encoding. A grand challenge is generating macroscopically visible changes in wetting properties with sequence-specific interactions between DNA oligonucleotides. WETDNA will address this rewarding challenge by linking DNA encoding with localized wetting properties. WETDNA requires rational design of systems with components that span several orders of magnitude in length scales. To understand structural effects on the wetting-based encoding, microscopic liquid pinning sites are first fabricated by adaptation of lithographic processes with mechanochemical grafting, which is a concept recently developed in my laboratory (WP1). Printing of oligonucleotides and chemical coupling to liquid pinning sites will then mediate multiplex DNA encoding over wetting patterns (WP2). A key step in linking Watson-Crick base pairing and macroscopically visible localized wetting properties is generating omniphobicity over DNA-informed surfaces by grafting liquid-repellent polymers (WP3). In the presence of complementary DNA molecules, patterns will be unlocked to reveal wetting features that can be read-out at multiple levels (WP4). WETDNA is structured to exploit this unlocking mechanism for authentication of deterministically and stochastically defined wetting features (WP5). The understanding of the principles that govern DNA-driven wetting-based encoding is expected to generate knowledge at the intersection of physical, chemical, and biological sciences with major impact in adaptive and smart surfaces, anti-counterfeiting, sensing, environmental monitoring, and diagnostics.

Mots-clés : wettability,dna,surfaces,anti counterfeiting
Projet ERC : COINED (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Materials Engineering
Entité participante : Institute of Plasma Physics — Pays : Rép. Tchèque — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ÚFP AV ČR
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1957125.0 €

Multilayer thin-film coatings grant optical elements their specific functionality by forming a high-reflective mirror or a dichroic filter. At the same time, the coatings are the first instance to be damaged by intense laser light, corrosion, or mechanical stress. Limited coating durability is heavily influenced by interfaces: the coating – substrate interface and interfaces between layers. Despite a thorough understanding of the properties of the layers’ bulk, control over interfaces is still highly limited. The lack of convenient methods for their characterization makes facilities rely on empirical tricks, thus compromising interface quality and posing severe limitations on the cutting-edge applications of optics. The COINED project aims to break this barrier by introducing an optical interface characterization with nanometer longitudinal resolution. Such resolution will be enabled by using a structured laser pulse as a source of complex acoustic waves in the coating. The same structured pulse will be used to induce second-harmonic generation (SHG) locally enhanced by the acoustic wave. By using a large set of complex pulses, we will be able to decipher the nonlinear response and the related interface morphology in individual interfaces of multilayer coatings. With this unprecedented control over interfaces, the project will disclose the role of deposition processes, coating post-treatment, and aging in the formation of unintended interlayers, defects, or coating restructuring. Moreover, the ability to continuously monitor and map interfaces throughout coating tests will be the game-changing factor elucidating the processes behind interface deficiencies. Interface optimization will open new horizons in the development of space-grade optics, increasing feasible laser power, or extending the lifetime of UV optics. The project will redefine the entire process of thin-film interface optimization with impact covering optics, photovoltaics, or nanotechnology.

Mots-clés : optical coating buried interface optimization second harmonic generation ultrafast acoustics
Projet ERC : STARLET (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and Processes Engineering
Entité participante : Université Koç — Pays : Turquie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2000000.0 €

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are advanced porous materials with multifunctional tunable properties offering great potential for energy, environment, and biomedical technologies. The number of MOFs is increasing at an exponential rate. Studying millions of MOFs for different applications by random material selection using iterative experimental testing or brute-force computational simulations is impossible. The full potential of MOFs for target applications can only be unlocked if the storage and transport properties for important chemical and biological guest molecules trapped in the pores of each MOF are known. In this project, I will create a materials intelligence ecosystem for precisely assessing guest storage and transport properties of all MOFs by combining state-of-the-art atomistic calculations, molecular simulations, machine learning, and data science, integrated with past and future experiments. I will focus on ten critical guest molecules to address the key societal challenges of our world: hydrogen and methane to use MOFs for clean energy storage; ammonia, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide to use MOFs for capturing toxic gas and combatting global warming; fluorouracil, methotrexate, nitrogen, oxygen to use MOFs as nanocarriers for anti-cancer drug therapy and biomedicine. The ground-breaking gains of my project will include the creation of the world’s first database for guest storage and transport properties of millions of MOFs; accurate assessments of new technologies by precise MOF-application matching; and generating design guidelines for high-performing MOFs to accelerate discovery of new materials. My novel methodology synergizing theory and data-driven science will greatly extend the reach of current experimental and computational studies by discovering new thermodynamic theories that will be extendible to other material classes and providing atomic-level insights into MOF-guest interactions that determine materials’ performances.

Mots-clés : metal organic frameworks,computational modeling,porous materials