Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : MUSICOM (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Complexity
Entité participante : Italian Institute of Technology — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499562.0 €

Most human communication relies on experience, with few exceptions, one being music. Communicative musicality – the ability to communicate through music – can cross developmental, linguistic and cultural boundaries. Identifying the foundations of communicative musicality is a question of outstanding importance in cognitive science, as this ability has been suggested to support all human communication. Yet, to date, music is either studied in non-communicative contexts (i.e. with players or listeners in isolation) or not as a predisposition (i.e. focusing only on expert musicians). Building on the fact that it takes movement to make music, and that listeners move in response to music, MUSICOM tests whether the predisposition for communicative musicality is grounded in the capacity to instinctively communicate through movement. MUSICOM examines the behaviour and brain activity of laymen making music, and lay listeners responding to it, in real-time and interactive scenarios. A pillar of MUSICOM is the use of a validated novel experimental device offering the unique opportunity to allow everyone to make music and selectively control three fundamental musical features – rhythm, pitch and loudness – irrespective of training. Communicative musicality will be examined as a function of: (i) information transfer between a player and a listener, with gradually richer tasks moving from pure listening to listener-directed performance and joint music making; (ii) musical expertise, from non-musically-trained adults to expert musicians; and (iii) development, from children to adults. MUSICOM could change how we view and study music: shifting from an elite activity to a communicative predisposition accessible to everyone. MUSICOM will have groundbreaking implications for understanding the neurocognitive building blocks of human communication and its development. It will ultimately provide an empirical ground for testing the widespread use of music in clinical settings.

Mots-clés : music,joint action,cognitive neuroscience
Projet ERC : SUMMA (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : Maastricht University — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UM
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 149875.0 €

Most people who develop ischemic HF have (or had) an ischemic heart condition first (e.g. myocardial infarction, MI). Restoring damaged heart muscle tissue therefore represents a fundamental mechanistic strategy to treat HF. Cardiac regeneration after ischemic damage can be achieved by stimulating the proliferation of already existing (endogenous) cardiomyocytes rather than having to rely on the implantation of exogenous cells (i.e. stem cell therapy). Compelling evidence supports that expanding the endogenous cardiomyocyte proliferation capacity by gene therapy appears to represent a promising approach to achieve endogenous cardiac regeneration. Species of non-coding RNA molecules, microRNAs, have been demonstrated to stimulate cardiomyocyte proliferation and the recognition of microRNAs as potential regenerative targets marks a major step towards fundamentally new therapeutic concepts that SUMMA addresses in ischemic heart disease. In the context of the ERC-Starting Grant project CALMIRS, we identified the miR-106b~25 cluster with high potential as new target for therapy to stimulate regeneration of the heart by promoting cardiomyocyte proliferation. Within SUMMA, we aim to advance these valuable research results on microRNA cardiac gene therapy in mice towards commercial proof-of-concept. During this project, proof-of-concept efficacy studies in a large animal (e.g. porcine) model of cardiac ischemia will be performed, while simultaneously market research, IP strategy development and business development activities take place to maximize the value of the project’s results. Different business models will be studied in terms of market research, IP strategy and business development to eventually consolidate a commercial strategy and business case for presenting our business proposition to strategic partners or venture capitalists.

Mots-clés : microrna based therapeutics,regenerative medicine,adeno associated viral vectors
Projet ERC : PEMP (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : Université Libre de Bruxelles — Pays : Belgique — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ULB
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499110.0 €

Most real-life elections involve many candidates. Coordination problems in multicandidate elections make the strategic behavior of political agents fundamentally different than in two-candidate elections. The literature’s typical focus on two-candidate settings is thus a clear handicap to understand elections outside the US. The main objective of this project is two-fold: (i) generating new methodological tools to analyze the behavior of candidates and the electorate in multicandidate elections, and (ii) using those tools to generate new knowledge. These are crucial steps toward designing better political institutions. Component 1 focuses on the strategic behavior of voters. The objectives are: (i) to develop a more realistic model of strategic voting by including both strategic and non-strategic voters; (ii) to estimate the share of strategic and non-strategic voters in the electorate using laboratory experiments; (iii) to study voter behavior under relevant electoral rules, and their equilibrium properties. Component 2 focuses on campaign contributions. The methodological challenge is to develop a novel model that captures the coordination problems faced by contributors. Though this topic deserves study in and of itself, it is not the only rationale for this component. Given similarities between strategic voting and strategic contributing, I am convinced that innovations in modelling strategic voting could emerge. Component 3 jointly studies the behavior of the electorate and candidates. The methodological challenge is to develop a novel model sufficiently simple to be used in many institutional setups, but sufficiently sophisticated to capture the subtleties of the strategic interactions between candidates and the electorate, and within each group. I consider two different approaches that build on Components 1 and 2, respectively. I will use this model to study important political economy applications (e.g. income redistribution, lobbying, and media influence).

Mots-clés : political economy,multicandidate elections,strategic voting,strategic candidates,campaign contributions,laboratory experiments
Projet ERC : UnStruct (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : Imperial College London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 353211.51 €

Most usable data is unstructured. Examples include text, transaction data, images, and web browsing histories. Although rich and plentiful, most economists do not use unstructured data. The few that do generally quantify it with off-the-shelf algorithms that are unrelated to the economic environment in which it is generated, which makes connecting it to economic models difficult. I instead propose to build novel probabilistic models of unstructured data that link it directly to relevant economic parameters. This powerful approach will use the information in unstructured data to test and estimate economic models in a way that is not currently possible with existing methods. I will focus on three distinct themes. The first studies how information about economic conditions is dispersed among agents, and how they aggregate it through interactions. This process it at the heart of the policymaking process, and the use of text data provides a unique opportunity to structurally model this information in innovative ways. The second theme jointly models unstructured data and the evolution of an economy hit by multiple, unobserved shocks. This will provide a novel forecasting tool, which is of key interest to policymakers. But it will also use unstructured data to estimate equilibrium models of the macroeconomy, and hence recover economic fundamentals. The final theme will use transaction payments between firms, and extend probabilistic models of network formation to create new definitions of markets that go well beyond anything in the current literature. This will contribute to measuring market power and the transmission of economic shocks, both questions of fundamental importance. Beyond these specific themes, my research will also pave the way for the use of probabilistic machine learning that combines novel data with clear economic models. The frameworks I introduce will provide a template for others to follow in the future.

Mots-clés : unstructured data,probabilistic machine learning,bayesian inference,structural modeling
Projet ERC : FRECOM (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Systems and communication engineering
Entité participante : Technical University of Denmark — Pays : Danemark — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : DTU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2000000.0 €

Motivation The enormous growth in the Internet of Things and server farms for cloud services has increased the strain on the optical communication infrastructure. By 2025, our society will require data rates that are physically impossible to implement using current state-of-the-art optical communication technologies. This is because fibre-optic communication systems are rapidly approaching their fundamental capacity limits imposed by the Kerr nonlinearity of the fibre. Nonlinear distortion limits the ability to transport and detect the information stream. This is a very critical problem for increasing the data rates of any optical fibre communication system. Proposed research The only physical quantities not affected by the nonlinearity are eigenvalues, associated with the optical fibre propagation equation. Eigenvalues are thereby ideal candidates for information transport. The concept of eigenvalues is derived under the assumption that the fibre is lossless and that there is no noise in the system which is not strictly correct. Therefore, novel methodologies and concepts for the design of a noise mitigating receiver and a noise robust transmitter are needed to reap the full benefits of optical communication systems employing eigenvalues. This proposal will develop such strategies. This will be achieved by combining, for the first time, the fields of nonlinear optics, optical communication and nonlinear digital signal processing. The results from the project will be verified experimentally, and will form the basis for a new generation of commercial optical communication systems. Preliminary results Our proof-of-concept results demonstrate, for the first time, that noise can be handled by employing novel receiver concepts. An order of magnitude improvement compared to the state-of-the-art is demonstrated. Environment The research will be carried out in close cooperation with leading groups at Stanford University and Technical University of Munich.

Mots-clés : optical communication,nonlinear optics,signal processing
Projet ERC : SEGWAY (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : Université de Bordeaux — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UBx
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1500000.0 €

Mounting evidence suggests that early life factors have an important impact on the occurrence of late-life neurological diseases. From a public health perspective this is of particular relevance for dementia, the prevalence of which is increasing drastically, with no available preventive treatment, and epidemiological data suggesting that pathological processes may begin many years before clinical diagnosis. MRI-defined structural brain phenotypes are powerful intermediate markers for dementia, and can already show measurable alterations in young and middle-aged adults. These include global and regional brain volumes, gray matter volume and cortical thickness, and markers of white matter integrity. The SEGWAY project aims to: (i) explore the heritability and genetic determinants of structural brain phenotypes in young adults in their early twenties participating in the i-Share study, the largest ongoing student cohort; (ii) take a lifetime perspective by examining the shared genetic contribution to structural brain alterations in young adulthood (i-Share) and late-life, among participants of a large French population-based study (3C-Dijon); (iii) explore the interaction between genetic variants and vascular risk factors with established impact on structural brain phenotypes, in both age groups; (iv) examine the clinical significance of genetic risk variants for structural brain alterations by testing their association with cognitive performance in young and older adults. Replication and of our findings will be sought in the multigenerational Framingham Heart Study and other independent samples. Identifying common biological mechanisms underlying both early and late-life structural brain changes would provide important information on the mechanisms and timecourse of brain aging throughout a lifetime and could be of major importance for identifying of molecular drug targets and characterizing high risk populations most likely to benefit from early interventions.

Mots-clés : brain volume,magnetic resonance imaging,alzheimer disease,dementia,genome wide association studies
Projet ERC : LUMIERE (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : Vrije Universiteit Brussel — Pays : Belgique — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : VUB
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1997812.0 €

Movement represents a key feature of an individual’s life both now and in the past. How and why people moved in the past can be documented by biogeochemical studies on bone and teeth, and these are at the core of this project. However, in many cases, due to different funerary practices (i.e. cremation and inhumation), the type archaeological skeletal elements available and their state of preservation of is very variable. Characterizing mobility in times where both cremation and inhumation were practiced is challenging for three main reasons: (1) important amounts of information are destroyed during cremation with temperatures reaching up to 1000°C, (2) the bioarchaeological information obtained from unburned and burned human remains often represent different times in their life (e.g. youth/adolescence vs adulthood), and (3) the limited adequate baselines available prevent the refined contextualisation and interpretations of the results in many parts of Europe. In this project, new proxies are developed for calcined bone (burned above 650°C), while the potential of charred bone is also re-evaluated. In parallel, adequate baselines need to be created. This enables, not only increasing the amount and the quality of information extracted from cremated human remains, but also significantly augmenting the number of individuals analysed as charred bones are currently excluded from palaeomobility studies. Furthermore, to bridge the gap between cremation and inhumation and enable the full reconstruction of life histories, it is crucial to better characterize turnover rates of the different skeletal elements. Coupled with state-of-the art statistical and spatial models, previously published results combined with newly obtained data significantly contributes to the documentation of human mobility from the Neolithic to the Early Medieval Period at a local (i.e. landscape use), regional and European scale, at times where both cremation and inhumation were practiced.

Mots-clés : cremation,mobility,isotopes
Projet ERC : MAIT (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy
Entité participante : Institut Curie — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2499500.0 €

Mucosal associated invariant T cells (MAITs) represent an abundant subset in humans with unique specificity for microbial metabolites. MAIT conservation along evolution indicates important, non-redundant functions. Despite changes in MAIT frequency and phenotype in several infectious and non-infectious diseases, their functions are still unclear. By contrast with mainstream CD4+ or CD8+ T cells, MAITs differentiate into effector cells during thymic development. How the differentiation program imparted in the thymus is modified by tissue and environmental cues to determine MAIT functions in tissues is not known. Our preliminary data support a new function for MAITs in boosting tissue repair in skin wound healing and flu infection. Thus, MAITs would either repair tissues or inflict tissue damage when fighting microbes according to the stage of the disease. To understand how and when the different MAIT functions are turned on and off in vivo we will study: 1) How is the thymic MAIT differentiation program modulated by tissue and environmental cues to determine the location and effector functions of MAITs in skin and lung at steady state? To this end we will develop new genetic methods to modify MAIT development or functions. 2) What are the effector functions of MAITs leading to protection during skin wound healing and flu infection? We will determine the cell types MAITs affect and identify the mediators secreted by MAIT cells. 3) What triggers MAIT protective effect? We will identify the drivers of MAIT activation and assess the requirement for cognate or non-cognate (cytokines) interactions. Wound healing of human skin explants will test the therapeutic potential of modulating MAIT activation. Our results will provide unique insight on the functions of MAIT cells with important implications for therapy of diseases in which MAIT triggering (or inhibition) could be beneficial (or deleterious) such as wounds or infections that damage tissues and thus require repair.

Mots-clés : innate like t cells
Projet ERC : ABOLED (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Proof of concept grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Condensed matter physics
Entité participante : University of St Andrews — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 150000.0 €

Multidrug resistance of pathogenic bacteria has become a serious threat to public health. The need to develop novel technologies to combat the evolution of bacterial drug resistance is clearly a matter of public concern and urgency. The consequences of AMR include (i) reducing our ability to treat common infectious, resulting in prolonged illness and a greater risk of complications; (ii) patients remaining infectious for longer due to ineffective treatments, making them more likely to pass infections on to others; (iii) compromising advances in modern medicine (such as organ transplantation or chemotherapy) due to risk of infection; and (iv) increasing economic burden on health care systems, families, and societies. This project aims to assess the commercial viability of an alternative approach to this problem.

Mots-clés : oled,bandage,mrsa,antimicrobial resistance
Projet ERC : GO.LOCAL (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : University of Oxford — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1470090.0 €

Multilingual and culturally diverse adaptations – not doctrinal uniformity or Arabisation – have allowed Islam to dominate the eastern Islamic lands in what is today Afghanistan, Iran and Central Asia. While Islamic fundamentalism exemplified by the bombing of the Bamiyan Buddhas has dominated the discourse on Islamisation in the region, it remains unclear when and how such forms of adaptations arose. Previous research has argued that caliphal and sultanic authority underlie local realities in the pre-Mongol Islamic East. But the latter show central control, suggesting the underlying mechanisms at local level might be different. A better model for the spread of Islam in the East and its countryside might be local innovation and adaptation. In 2013 and 2017 when the newly discovered Afghan Geniza was made publicly available for the first time, it became possible to test this hypothesis for the pre-Mongol Islamic East. Using both a top-down and bottom-up testing approach, GO.LOCAL will test whether Islam is a manifestation of cumulative culture – currently the implied hypothesis in the field – or whether it is best accounted for with the local anchoring model. That is GO.LOCAL will evaluate whether Islam and Islamisation are more similar to local innovations in authority and language than developments at imperial capitals and other central hubs. The outcomes and conclusions of GO.LOCAL will therefore inform several fields at once (e.g. history, sociolinguistics, anthropology, archaeology and theology). This proposal is the first to test the local anchoring account developed by classicists in the Islamic East. If its predictions are confirmed, then multilingualism and cultural diversity will have emerged as far more important as factors in Islamisation than previously assumed. GO.LOCAL will radically transform our understanding in the evolution of Islam, Islamisation and religion more generally.

Mots-clés : islamisation,documentary research and diplomatics,digital humanities,islamic history,iranian languages,khurasan