Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : FATHER TRIALS (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Complexity
Entité participante : Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : VU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1721992.61 €

Fathers have largely been neglected in parenting research -- although they constitute about 50% of parents. The aim of the proposed project is to test the hypothesis that fathers’ parenting is under hormonal control and can be changed by behavioral and hormonal interventions. I propose a series of randomized controlled trials (RCT) focusing on a critical phase of parenthood: the transition to having the first baby. I will test whether experiments that modulate oxytocin and testosterone levels enhance fathers’ neural processing of infant signals and of threats to the infant and stimulate fathers’ parenting quality and involvement in parenting. Drawing firm conclusions about the neural and hormonal basis of human parenting is critically dependent on RCTs. I propose two types of experiments: (1) within-subject trials, using nasal administration of oxytocin, testosterone, and a placebo, and (2) between-subject trials, using behavioral interventions aimed at promoting sensitive parenting and physical contact. The behavioral interventions include prenatal and postnatal video feedback intervention (in the prenatal phase based on ultrasound scans) and the use of soft baby carriers. Both types of trials take place 3 months before the infant’s birth, and 2 and 7 months afterwards. A special focus lies on the aspect of protection: a dimension of parenting that has received considerable attention in animal research but, despite its evolutionary importance, not in studies on humans. Testing the efficacy of the behavioral experiments in boosting fathers’ protective parenting and participation in caregiving activities has clear practical significance (for fathers, mothers, children, and society). At the same time, examining the hormonal and neural mechanisms is crucial for the development of theory on the interplay between neuroscience and parenting.

Mots-clés : parenting,fathers,family,oxytocin,sensitivity,attachment
Projet ERC : FATHER TRIALS (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Complexity
Entité participante : Leiden University — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 738507.39 €

Fathers have largely been neglected in parenting research -- although they constitute about 50% of parents. The aim of the proposed project is to test the hypothesis that fathers’ parenting is under hormonal control and can be changed by behavioral and hormonal interventions. I propose a series of randomized controlled trials (RCT) focusing on a critical phase of parenthood: the transition to having the first baby. I will test whether experiments that modulate oxytocin and testosterone levels enhance fathers’ neural processing of infant signals and of threats to the infant and stimulate fathers’ parenting quality and involvement in parenting. Drawing firm conclusions about the neural and hormonal basis of human parenting is critically dependent on RCTs. I propose two types of experiments: (1) within-subject trials, using nasal administration of oxytocin, testosterone, and a placebo, and (2) between-subject trials, using behavioral interventions aimed at promoting sensitive parenting and physical contact. The behavioral interventions include prenatal and postnatal video feedback intervention (in the prenatal phase based on ultrasound scans) and the use of soft baby carriers. Both types of trials take place 3 months before the infant’s birth, and 2 and 7 months afterwards. A special focus lies on the aspect of protection: a dimension of parenting that has received considerable attention in animal research but, despite its evolutionary importance, not in studies on humans. Testing the efficacy of the behavioral experiments in boosting fathers’ protective parenting and participation in caregiving activities has clear practical significance (for fathers, mothers, children, and society). At the same time, examining the hormonal and neural mechanisms is crucial for the development of theory on the interplay between neuroscience and parenting.

Mots-clés : parenting,fathers,family,oxytocin,sensitivity,attachment
Projet ERC : FeedHypNet (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System
Entité participante : University Hospital Cologne — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1473984.6 €

Feeding behaviors represent a complex set of crucial for survival abilities required to meet upcoming nutritional demands. Eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa, are widespread, difficult to treat and extremely dangerous, displaying the highest mortality rate of all psychiatric disorders and a very high relapse rate. Mechanisms of onset, progression and relapse of eating disorders are unknown. Feeding behaviors are regulated by hypothalamus, an evolutionary conservative brain region. While a role of neurochemically defined hypothalamic neurons in feeding has been recently studied, little is known about an adaptive regulation of hypothalamus by extrahypothalamic inputs. Further, it is not known how dynamic signaling in hypothalamus upon changing metabolic and environmental demands is organized to generate consistent adaptive behavior. The overarching goal of my proposal is to provide insight into neural mechanisms of healthy and pathological feeding behaviors. Combining optogenetics, electrophysiological recordings in transgenic behaving mice, Ca2+ imaging and fiber photometry, I will pursue 4 aims: (i) investigate role of neural circuitries that translate cognitive-related information to the lateral hypothalamus during adaptive feeding behaviors; (ii) characterize causal significance of top-down inputs from anxiety- and mood-related brain regions onto lateral hypothalamus in feeding, and study how changes in metabolic demands affect this signaling; (iii) study mechanisms and functions of fast, network oscillations-related and behavior-dependent signaling in hypothalamus; (iv) investigate how signaling in hypothalamus changes during development of anorexia nervosa symptoms and study consequences of optogenetically restored physiological signaling. This innovative and interdisciplinary approach will enable identification of neuronal circuits mediating feeding behavior in health and pathology, and thus gain insights into neuronal mechanisms of eating disorders.

Mots-clés : neuronal circuits,hypothalamus,prefrontal cortex,inhibition,neuropeptides,orexin,gaba,network oscillations,feeding,behaving mice,optogenetics,in vivo electrophysiology,eating disorders
Projet ERC : LawsOfSocRep (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : University of London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : U. London
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1568699.46 €

Feminist scholars have long demonstrated the invisibility of women’s reproductive labour, performed in bearing and raising children, maintaining households and socially sustaining male labour. Mainstream international economic institutions acknowledge unpaid care work as an obstacle to women’s economic empowerment. Sustainable Development Goal 5.4 requires that unpaid care and domestic work be recognised through provision of public services and shared responsibility in the family. However the world faces a growing care deficit even as states and international institutions fail to commit to systemic reforms and criminalise women’s economic choices. Anchored in the global South context of India, the project offers a cutting-edge, inter-disciplinary lens to retheorise the normative, empirical, regulatory and policy dimensions of the law’s regulation of social reproduction. The project broadly conceptualises female reproductive labour to include unpaid domestic work as well as sex work, erotic dancing, commercial surrogacy and paid domestic work. Placing varied forms of reproductive labour along the market-marriage continuum, the proposed project offers four main work packages: (1) Normative: Articulates a materialist feminist theory of reproductive labour, revitalises feminist legal theory on the economy through a distributional analysis of the laws of social reproduction (2) Empirical: Consolidates and supplements through new empirical research the study of the political economies and legal ethnographies of sex work, bar dancing, commercial surrogacy and paid domestic work to improve women’s economic bargaining power (3) Regulatory/Policy: Catalogues for each sector innovative economic models, legal and governance tools, policy proposals (including local experimental measures and radical blue-sky ideas) to enhance women’s economic bargaining power and (4) Political Impact: Shifts political sensibilities by dissolving discursive and policy silos between these sectors.

Mots-clés : feminist theory,india,women s labour
Projet ERC : GigaFemto (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology — Pays : Suisse — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ETH Zurich
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 150000.0 €

Femtosecond laser GHz cavity lasers has enabled a new type of optical frequency comb that have defined a new standard and a universal method for precisely measuring optical frequencies measuring. This quantum leap in metrology unravelled numerous technological innovations, from more precise atomic clocks to unprecedented data-transmission flowrate in telecoms. So far, optical frequency-comb systems remain table-top size and expensive, an impediment for further adoptions of this major technological break-through. Here, we propose a novel concept of monolithic, miniaturized – matchbox size - femtosecond laser GHz cavity, in which all the optical functions are integrated in a same substrate, including active functions requiring active tuning or electro-optics effects. This concept relies on femtosecond laser machining combined with post-processing methods to fabricate this optical cavity and to perform the fine alignment required for proper laser operation. It defines a new paradigm where ‘a femtosecond laser is used to fabricate and tune another femtosecond laser’. Specifically, GigaFemto aim at 1/ demonstrating the first all-in-glass femtosecond GHz cavity, of matchbox size, fabricated and tuned by another femtosecond lasers and 2/ laying the seeds for a commercial exploitation by a spin-off company of our laboratory. The later will include a market analysis and a thorough precompetitive study.

Mots-clés : optics,femtosecond laser,ghz laser cavity,packaging
Projet ERC : ExCoMet (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental constituents of matter
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 250000.0 €

Femtosecond lasers can now provide intensities such that the light field induces relativistic motion of large ensembles of electrons. The ultimate goal of this Ultra-High Intensity (UHI) Physics is the control of relativistic motion of matter with light, which requires a deep understanding of this extreme regime of laser-matter interaction. Such a control holds the promise of major scientific and societal applications, by providing ultra-compact laser-driven particle accelerators and attosecond X-ray sources. Until now, advances in UHI Physics have relied on a quest for the highest laser intensities, pursued by focusing optimally-compressed laser pulses to their diffraction limit. In contrast, the goal of the ExCoMet project is to establish a new paradigm, by demonstrating the potential of driving UHI laser plasma-interactions with sophisticated structured laser beams–i.e. beams whose amplitude, phase or polarization are shaped in space-time. Based on this new paradigm, we will show that unprecedented experimental insight can be gained on UHI laser-matter interactions. For instance, by using laser fields whose propagation direction rotates on a femtosecond time scale, we will temporally resolve the synchrotron emission of laser-driven relativistic electrons in plasmas, and thus gather direct information on their dynamics. We will also show that such structured laser fields can be exploited to introduce new physics in UHI experiments, and can provide advanced degrees of control that will be essential for future light and particles sources based on these interactions. Using Laguerre-Gauss beams, we will in particular investigate the transfer of orbital angular momentum from UHI lasers to plasmas, and its consequences on the physics and performances of laser-plasma accelerators. This project thus aims at bringing conceptual breakthroughs in UHI physics, at a time where major projects relying on this physics are being launched, in particular in Europe.

Mots-clés : ultrahigh intensity physics,ultraintense femtosecond lasers,ultrashort laser plasma interactions,ultrafast optics,attosecond science,laser driven particle acceleration
Projet ERC : CLUSTER (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth system science
Entité participante : Institute of Science and Technology Austria — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ISTA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 719343.28 €

Few geophysical phenomena are as spectacular as tropical cyclones, with their eye surrounded by sharp cloudy eyewalls. There are other types of spatially organised convection (convection refers to overturning of air within which clouds are embedded), in fact organised convection is ubiquitous in the tropics. But it is still poorly understood and poorly represented in convective parameterisations of global climate models, despite its strong societal and climatic impact. It is associated with extreme weather, and with dramatic changes of the large scales, including drying of the atmosphere and increased outgoing longwave radiation to space. The latter can have dramatic consequences on tropical energetics, and hence on global climate. Thus, convective organisation could be a key missing ingredient in current estimates of climate sensitivity from climate models. CLUSTER will lead to improved fundamental understanding of convective organisation to help guide and improve convective parameterisations. It is closely related to the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) grand challenge: Clouds, circulation and climate sensitivity. Grand challenges identify areas of emphasis in the coming decade, targeting specific barriers preventing progress in critical areas of climate science. Until recently, progress on this topic was hindered by high numerical cost and lack of fundamental understanding. Advances in computer power combined with new discoveries based on idealised frameworks, theory and observational findings, make this the ideal time to determine the fundamental processes governing convective organisation in nature. Using a synergy of theory, high-resolution cloud-resolving simulations, and in-situ and satellite observations, CLUSTER will specifically target two feedbacks recently identified as being essential to convective aggregation, and assess their impact on tropical cyclones, large-scale properties including precipitation extremes, and energetics of the tropics.

Mots-clés : deep convection in the tropics,self aggregation of deep convection
Projet ERC : VINCULUM (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : Universidade Nova de Lisboa — Pays : Portugal — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : NOVA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1591450.0 €

Few legal phenomena have been so relevant to premodern southern Europe societies as entails, a specific strategy that evolved to protect family inheritances, thus enabling the reproduction of elite social status. The VINCULUM project aims to explain how entailment became possible, how it functioned, and why it lasted for so many centuries. The project rests on the innovative theoretical claim that entails, as corporate bodies, functioned as a key social agent, created and acting within societies for which non-personal legal subjects were normal. Building on the Portuguese-Iberian case, and on the extensive research already carried out by me and my team, I propose to study 'entailment' as a diverse but pivotal practice, one embedded in law, aristocratic discourse, and kinship-based organization, and to carry out comprehensive analysis that explores this global nature. The research approach systematically breaks with traditional research frontiers: cases will extend from the 14th to 17th century in both continental and Atlantic spaces, and include both comparative perspectives and the study of later social reconfigurations. VINCULUM will be anchored in extended research in public archives and on unprecedented access to extensive private family archives, which have been opened to research by the ARQFAM program I have led since 2008. Data collection will allow for the construction of a large database, gathering all documents relating to each entail, under a theoretical model that seeks to reconstruct past information systems, thus testing a novel methodology developed in my previous research. The database that will gather c.7000 thousand entails, enabling systematic inquiries organized around the new conceptual definitions proposed by the project. The research will be strongly interdisciplinary, engaging with historical anthropology and archival science in order to construct a proper theoretical model for understanding this crucial legal and social phenomenon.

Mots-clés : history of premodern european institutions,history of the family,history of archives and sources  epistemology,anthropological history
Projet ERC : HistoGenes (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Synergy grants)
Entité participante : University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : BOKU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 30000.0 €

Few parts of Europe witnessed so many population shifts in a few centuries as the Carpathian Basin in 400-900 CE. In this macro-region along the middle Danube, Pannonians, Romans, Goths, Gepids, Longobards, Avars, Bulgars, Slavs, Franks and many others came and went. This is an intriguing test case for the relationship between ethnic identities constructed in texts, cultural habitus attested in the archaeological record, and genetic profiles that can now be analysed through ancient DNA. What was the impact of migrations and mobility on the population of the Carpathian Basin? Was the late antique population replaced, did it mix with the newcomers, or did its descendants only adopt new cultural styles? To what degree did biological distinctions correspond to the cultural boundaries and/or ethnonyms in the texts? If pursued with methodological caution, this case study will have implications beyond the field. HistoGenes will analyse c. 6,000 samples from graves with cutting edge scientific methods, and contextualize the interpretation of these data in their archaeological and historical setting. The rapid progress of aDNA analysis and of bio-informatics now make such an enterprise viable. However, the methods of historical interpretation have not kept pace. HistoGenes will, for the first time, unite historians, archaeologists, geneticist, anthropologists, and specialists in bio-informatics, isotope analysis and other scientific methods. Many team members have already collaborated successfully in a pilot project, which has demonstrated the feasibility of the approach and of the integrated workflow at the core of the project. A wide range of particular historical questions will be addressed from an interdisciplinary perspective, and fundamental theoretical and methodological issues can be explored. HistoGenes will not only advance our knowledge about a key period in European history, but also establish new standards for the historical interpretation of genetic data.

Mots-clés : early middle ages,late antiquity,migration,ethnicity,transformation of the roman world,historical method,interdisciplinary method,steppe empires
Projet ERC : HistoGenes (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Synergy grants)
Entité participante : Natural History Museum Vienna — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : NHMW
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 782553.75 €

Few parts of Europe witnessed so many population shifts in a few centuries as the Carpathian Basin in 400-900 CE. In this macro-region along the middle Danube, Pannonians, Romans, Goths, Gepids, Longobards, Avars, Bulgars, Slavs, Franks and many others came and went. This is an intriguing test case for the relationship between ethnic identities constructed in texts, cultural habitus attested in the archaeological record, and genetic profiles that can now be analysed through ancient DNA. What was the impact of migrations and mobility on the population of the Carpathian Basin? Was the late antique population replaced, did it mix with the newcomers, or did its descendants only adopt new cultural styles? To what degree did biological distinctions correspond to the cultural boundaries and/or ethnonyms in the texts? If pursued with methodological caution, this case study will have implications beyond the field. HistoGenes will analyse c. 6,000 samples from graves with cutting edge scientific methods, and contextualize the interpretation of these data in their archaeological and historical setting. The rapid progress of aDNA analysis and of bio-informatics now make such an enterprise viable. However, the methods of historical interpretation have not kept pace. HistoGenes will, for the first time, unite historians, archaeologists, geneticist, anthropologists, and specialists in bio-informatics, isotope analysis and other scientific methods. Many team members have already collaborated successfully in a pilot project, which has demonstrated the feasibility of the approach and of the integrated workflow at the core of the project. A wide range of particular historical questions will be addressed from an interdisciplinary perspective, and fundamental theoretical and methodological issues can be explored. HistoGenes will not only advance our knowledge about a key period in European history, but also establish new standards for the historical interpretation of genetic data.

Mots-clés : early middle ages,late antiquity,migration,ethnicity,transformation of the roman world,historical method,interdisciplinary method,steppe empires