Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : EVENTS (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Complexity
Entité participante : University of Sussex — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1947983.0 €

During our waking lives we are continuously exposed to a vast amount of information about the world around us. Yet somehow we make sense of this information and we consciously experience a coherent and ordered world, where life proceeds in a sequence of events with recognisable beginnings and ends. How the human mind manages to re-process continuous experience into these event-units is remarkably poorly understood. To date, the field has been held back by the significant methodological challenges to studying complex mental processes operating in naturalistic situations. The EVENTS project will address these challenges in an ambitious and interdisciplinary programme of research, involving behavioural studies (including immersive virtual reality), cutting-edge functional MRI and neuropsychology in specialised populations. Across a series of studies, EVENTS will establish how information processed in independent neural modules is combined within a mental “event model”, which is an overarching representation of the important features of any given situation . The project will discover how event models are updated and how they are instantiated in the brain. EVENTS will also define how event models shape our perception and memory of everyday situations and how they interact with stored knowledge. Finally, we will integrate these novel findings with previous disparate lines of evidence into a neurocognitive model of event processing. The knowledge generated by EVENTS will have far-reaching impact across the social, cognitive and neuro- sciences, shedding light on long-standing debates about how we internally represent the external world, how beliefs about the state of the world interact with how we perceive and remember events, and on how we perceive the passage of time. Moreover, the development of a detailed cognitive and neural model of event processing will represent a vital step towards a mechanistic account of conscious experience.

Mots-clés : event perception,working memory,episodic memory
Projet ERC : DIVERSIPHAGY (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering
Entité participante : University of Tübingen — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 428687.5 €

During the course of evolution, plants have been exposed to a plethora of beneficial and pathogenic microbes. While symbionts are beneficial for the host plant by improving nutrient supply and health, pathogens are reprogramming their host only for their own benefit. At the interface of this interaction proteomes at both sides are highly flexible and require regulated protein turnover. In line with this, our previous work revealed that regulated protein degradation by autophagy is an essential player in plant immunity. Consequently, plant pathogens hijack autophagy during binary interactions though in contrasting manners. However, in a more complete scenario, plants are constantly exposed to different microbes and hence it is crucial to include the microbial diversity into this equation to obtain a holistic picture of the role of autophagy in plant-microbe interactions. The picture is getting even more complex if we look at the cellular diversity on the host side. Thus, DIVERSIPHAGY approaches the role of autophagy through bacterial and cellular diversity on the host side. We aim to address following questions: • Identifying how the bacterial diversity impacts autophagy and vice versa • Determining new bacteria and/or bacterial communities hijacking autophagy • Revealing the autophagy degradome and novel autophagy factors by utilizing autophagy-modulating bacteria • Identifying tissue and cell-type specific modulation of autophagy by diverse bacteria. With DIVERSIPHAGY we will reveal the holistic picture of the role of autophagy in plant-microbe interactions using a mixture of state-of-the-art approaches including metabolomics, proteomics, single-cell transcriptomics and cell-type specific reverse genetic screens. As such DIVERSIPHAGY is the next generation approach to understand the role of plant autophagy in plant-microbe interactions and by translating our results into crop plants we will be able to develop more durable resistances toward destructive pathogens.

Mots-clés : autophagy,plant microbe interactions,plant immunity,microbiome,effectors
Projet ERC : MECHABLASTO (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Cellular, Developmental and Regenerative Biology
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1191607.5 €

During the first days of mammalian development, blastomeres organize themselves into the blastocyst, which implants the embryo into the maternal uterus. Failure to build the blastocyst will result in a miscarriage and yet the mechanisms underlying the construction of the blastocyst are mostly unknown. The blastocyst is sculpted by forces generated by its constituent cells. Without a tool to study the mechanics of the mammalian embryo, it is challenging to identify the molecules and cellular processes controlling morphogenetic forces. Using biophysical methods, I have recently measured the forces shaping the mouse blastocyst and identified cellular processes generating and controlling them. This approach enables the identification of the molecules controlling morphogenesis and constitutes the first step towards a complete theoretical modelling of blastocyst morphogenesis. The aim of this project is to understand the molecular and mechanical aspects of blastocyst morphogenesis. By developing novel biophysical tools for the developing blastocyst, we will measure uncharacterized mechanical properties such as cytoplasmic and luminal pressure, adhesion strength and viscosity. The resulting mechanical map of the blastocyst will help understand the mechanisms of action of genes involved in its morphogenesis. To identify novel candidate genes involved in blastocyst morphogenesis, we will carry out a screen using live high-resolution confocal microscopy of mouse embryos injected with siRNA. Together, this will reveal the molecular, cellular and mechanical processes controlling blastocyst morphogenesis. I expect this to shed light on how blastomeres self-organize into the blastocyst and to reveal the physical laws underlying morphogenesis in general. Importantly, the knowledge and non-invasive biophysical techniques that we will develop will help developing Assisted Reproduction Technologies, which will be greatly beneficial to the fertility of the ageing European population.
Projet ERC : TRANSREG (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions
Entité participante : Centre européen de recherche en biologie et en médecine — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CERBM
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1500000.0 €

During the first step of gene expression, a universally conserved enzyme called RNA Polymerase (RNAP) transcribes RNA from a DNA template in every cell. Transcription is a fundamental, yet incompletely understood process. Because of its central role, the bacterial transcription machinery is also a prime drug target. Crystal structures of RNAP core as well as RNAP elongation complexes (ECs) have revolutionized our understanding of transcription. This groundwork paved the way to address more complex questions regarding the regulation of transcription. Transcriptional regulation impacts every aspect of biology including a growing list of human diseases. Transcriptional pausing, a temporary interruption of transcription during elongation, plays a major role in regulating gene expression in pro- and eukaryotes. A full and mechanistic understanding is crucial and requires a combination of structural and biochemical studies. This is where the proposed work will contribute. Our goal is to understand how transcription factors modulate RNAP during the elongation phase. Biochemical and structural approaches (X-ray crystallography and single particle cryo-EM) will be used to gain detailed insights on the regulation of transcription by protein factors and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). To complement the results, an experimental system will be established using Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) to study the dynamics of RNAP. This system will allow us to address questions concerning RNAP dynamics during processes that regulate transcription. Specifically, we propose 3 aims: 1.: Investigate the role of transcription elongation factors that modulate RNAP pause behavior and couple transcription and translation 2.: Study the role of RNAs that regulate transcription 3.: Establish an experimental system to study RNAP dynamics using FRET The proposed work will lay the groundwork and prepare the team to address similar questions in higher organisms in the future.

Mots-clés : transcription,rna polymerase,regulation of transcription,transcriptional pausing
Projet ERC : E-DURA (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology — Pays : Suisse — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ETH Zurich
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 149994.0 €

E-DURA aims to assess the commercial viability of a new class of soft, multimodal neural implants called e-dura. Current technologies are rigid and present physical, electrochemical and biological mismatches that prevent prolonged periods of implantation. Our technology represents a significant improvement over state-of-art on all those criteria. Moreover, our extensive network of academics and industry professionals represents an advantage in commercializing e-dura, thereby addressing a market estimated to reach 11.8 billion Euro by 2020. Within E-DURA, we will prototype a device suitable for human implantation and build the business case around our innovation.

Mots-clés : neural interface,implant,neuroprosthetic,material science
Projet ERC : EARLYMATH (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Complexity
Entité participante : University of Jyväskylä — Pays : Finlande — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999608.0 €

EARLYMATH is an early-onset longitudinal research program with multiple longitudinal studies that cover birth to nine years of age in order to pursue an integrative understanding of early math development and pathways to math difficulties (MD). EARLYMATH investigates the roles of individual factors (i.e., neural, cognitive, affective and motivational), as well as environmental factors in the home and early childhood education and care (ECEC) and processes of intergenerational transmission of MD. A carefully selected range of measures, including cognitive assessments, parental and teacher questionnaires, interviews, parent-child and classroom observations, and brain electrophysiology measures, will be used. The findings will produce novel understanding of the dynamics of the environmental and constitutional factors that affect the development of early-onset developmental difficulties, as well as inform theory and preventive and remediation practices.

Mots-clés : math difficulties,early math development,cognitive skills,motivational and emotional factors,intergenerational transmission,home math environment,ecec
Projet ERC : REVOLINC (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering
Entité participante : Institut de recherche pour le développement — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : IRD
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 495371.25 €

EFSA recently prohibited 75% of insecticides to account for their toxicity and ecotoxicity. Moreover, the spread of insecticide resistance and invasion of Europe by new tropical vectors and pests require the development of alternative biological techniques. Recently, we hypothesized that shifting the vision of the sterile male from a sexual competitor only to a specific transporter of active biocides to the targeted female might boost the impact of the sterile insect technique (SIT). Here we want to demonstrate this concept using three biocides: Pyriproxifen, Bacillus thuringiensis and a Densovirus against the Tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus). Pyriproxifen will also be tested against tsetse and fruit flies. We will test the technology both in the laboratory and at an operational scale and model the relative impacts of SIT and boosted-SIT on the dynamics of the targeted population. Moreover, we will compare the evolutionary response of the target population to these different control pressures (multiple lethal mutations, multiple lethal mutations + biocides), for three different biocides and three demographic strategies. This will generate breakthrough knowledge on the transmission of biocides and pathogens in insects and the sustainability of genetic control, provide a new control technique for mosquitoes, and improve the cost-effectiveness of SIT in tsetse and fruit flies. We will have to address technical issues associated to mass rearing, sterilization, sex separation and aerial release of mosquitoes as well as regulatory issues required for releasing sterile males coated with bioicides.

Mots-clés : sterile insect technique,pyriproxifen,tiger mosquito,medflies,tsetse,ridl,densovirus,bacillus thuringiensis var  israelensis
Projet ERC : EMBED (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : IFMR Graduate School of Business — Pays : Inde — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : IFMR
Type d'entité : Autres
Financement ERC de l'entité : 237242.37 €

EMBED takes a microeconomic approach to investigating the macroeconomic implications of market transactions being embedded in social relationships. Sociologists and economists have documented the importance of relationships for mediating trade in a wide range of market settings. EMBED seeks to investigate the implications of this for the economy as a whole. Ethnographic work suggests that relationships foster common understandings which limit opportunistic behaviour. Subproject 1 will develop a first relational contacting theory of networked markets to capture this, and test these predictions using data from the Bundesbank. Formally modelling dynamic business-relationships, these relationships can be viewed as social capital. We will investigate whether this social capital is destroyed by economic shocks, and if so how long it takes to rebuild. Subproject 2 will run a field experiment. We will intervene in a networked market to create new relationships in a variety of ways. The varying success of these approaches will help us better understand the role of relationships in markets. Moreover, as a result we’ll get exogenous variation in the market structure that will help identity the affects relationships have on market outcomes. Subproject 3 will explore frictions in the clearing of networked markets. As the data requirements to empirically test between different theories are extremely demanding, laboratory experiments will be run. Breaking convention, these experiments will be protocol-free, although interactions will be closely monitored. This will create a more level playing field for testing different theories while also creating scope for the market to develop efficiency enhancing norms. Subproject 4 will examine firm level multi-sourcing and production technology decisions, and how these feed into the creation of supply chains. The fragility of these supply chains will be investigated and equilibrium supply chains compared across countries.

Mots-clés : networks,embeddedness,networked markets,field experiments,finance,relational contracts,random graphs
Projet ERC : EUBorderCare (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : European University Institute — Pays : Italie — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : EUI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1270206.1 €

EU Border Care is a comparative study of the politics of maternity care among undocumented migrants on the EU’s peripheries. Empirical analysis of personal and institutional relations of care and control in the context of pregnancy and childbirth will support an innovative critique of the moral rationale underpinning healthcare delivery and migration governance in some of Europe’s most densely crossed borderlands in France, Greece, Italy and Spain. Unlike other categories of migrants, undocumented pregnant women are a growing phenomenon, yet few social science or public health studies address EU migrant maternity care. This subject has urgent implications: whilst recent geopolitical events in North Africa and the Middle East have triggered a quantifiable increase in pregnant women entering the EU in an irregular situation, poor maternal health indicators among such women represent ethical and medical challenges to which frontline maternity services located in EU borderlands have to respond, often with little preparation or support from national and European central authorities. Grounded in long-term ethnographic fieldwork in maternity wards located in French Guiana and Mayotte (Overseas France), the North Aegean and Attica (Greece), Sicily (Italy), and Ceuta and Melilla (Spain), my project will trace the networks of maternity care delivery in peripheries facing an increase of immigration flows, and characterised by structural social and economic underinvestment. My team will investigate migrant maternity from three interlinked research perspectives: migrant women, healthcare delivery staff, and regional institutional agencies. Empirical and desk research, combined with creative audio-visual methods, will document migrant maternity on EU borderlands to address wider questions about identity and belonging, citizenship and sovereignty, and humanitarianism and universalism in Europe today.

Mots-clés : social and medical anthropology,migration,border studies,cultural pluralism,morality and ethics,humanitarian government,institutional care and welfare,european regionalism,kinship,personhood
Projet ERC : EU-FER (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : University of Florence — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1689272.0 €

EU-FER is a project about Economic Uncertainty and FERtility in EUrope. Economic uncertainty may be interpreted as an individual risk factor, mainly related to the labour market (e.g. unemployment, short-term contract jobs, underemployment, or a combination of these), but it may also be conceptualized as a macro-level phenomenon, reflecting the general uncertainty felt by people in times of economic turbulence. The recent Great Recession, spanning 2007 to 2009 and featuring downturns in both financial and labour market fortunes, has fuelled interest in understanding whether economic uncertainty, which does not appear to be a transient phenomenon, affects fertility. The economic uncertainty/fertility nexus is far from being clearly understood: theoretical premises are weak and empirical findings send conflicting messages. The goal of this project is to generate new knowledge on if, how, and under what circumstances economic uncertainty matters for fertility in contemporary Europe, adopting a cross-country comparative approach. The use of new data, methodologies, and tools may advance our knowledge on this topic. EU-FER is based on three pillars: a meta-analysis of previous research, a cross-country laboratory experimentation design, and micro-level longitudinal analyses. EU-FER ensures a strong interdisciplinary perspective, with the following overall goals: • to advance the understanding of the causal impact of economic uncertainty on fertility addressing this issue in a comprehensive way and from different perspectives, using various measures of uncertainty, and testing aspects that remain unclear from the current body of research; • to enhance the boundaries of demographic research by illustrating the benefits of a laboratory experimentation design; • to communicate findings and stimulate the academic and policy debate on how economic uncertainty matters for fertility.
Projet ERC : BabyMinder (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : École normale supérieure PSL — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ENS PSL
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 149780.0 €

Each year, millions of infants are born with neurodevelopment disorders resulting in cognitive deficits. Although infants are tested for their low-level (visual and auditory) abilities in the health care system, no standard tools exist for evaluating the development of cognitive functions, due to the absence of verbal report and explicit behaviour. Converging evidence now suggests that neural markers obtained from electroencephalographic (EEG) offer a valid approach for tracking the development of cognitive functions in the infant brain. The BabyMinder provides a proof-of-concept for a novel EEG portable system combined with a sensory stimulation application to track normal and impaired neurocognitive processing in infants. Its main purpose will be to help the diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders. The BabyMinder will be fully embedded in a wearable system and will feature active electrodes, which provide reliable EEG signals, yet do not require any electrolyte gel or humidification. Although several low-cost and fully portable systems have recently been developed for adults, none of these portable systems has been adapted to infant populations. It will also consist of a functional localizer for the automatic tracking of neurocognitive components. This functional localizer will consist of a stimulation protocol with various types of stimuli presented every few seconds, tapping specific levels of representation while the EEG device will monitor the deployment of dedicated neurocognitive components in real-time. The whole procedure will be embedded in children-friendly animations to keep infants interested. In time, a large database of participants will be collected and combined with state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms using a big data approach, improving the classification of normal vs. impaired neurocognitive processes. We aim to make the BabyMinder a standard tool for the diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders in the future.

Mots-clés : infants,development,wearable,neurocognition