Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : LegoLiver (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and R egeneration
Entité participante : Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie — Pays : Belgique — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : VIB
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2499920.0 €

Mammals display an abundant capacity for organ growth in the neonatal window but lose this capacity in adulthood. The adult liver maintains some regenerative capacity, but this remains far below the neonatal growth capacity. The adult liver can replenish up to 70% of its mass after surgical resection. However, resection of larger volumes induces liver failure, which causes death of one in three patients. For decades hepatologists have tried to pharmacologically augment hepatocyte proliferation to improve liver regeneration, yet all these attempts have failed. Our recent liver cell atlas revealed the modular architecture of the liver, with each module containing a dedicated macrophage and stromal cell. The primary hepatic module is composed of 4 cell types: hepatocytes, sinusoidal endothelial cells, stellate cells and Kupffer cells. We studied this 4-cell-circuit across seven species and found that throughout evolution these cells became so interdependent that they operate as one interconnected functional module. Stepping away from the conventional hepatocyte-centric view of liver regeneration, we propose a paradigm shift in which we hypothesize that the key to successful liver regeneration is to maintain the integrity of each liver module. Our preliminary data indicate that multiplication of neonatal cells happens synchronously, while adult generation is characterized by uncoupled multiplication of liver cells. We will track the multiplication of liver cells in space and time across different biological models, during the neonatal window and in adults upon surgery, to identify the mechanisms that underlie the synchronous multiplication of neonatal liver cells. We will develop high-throughput functional in vivo screens to manipulate the hepatic molecular circuits and identify pathways that can boost liver regeneration and maintain cellular functionality, with as ultimate goal to identify novel classes of therapeutic targets that can boost liver regeneration.

Mots-clés : neonatal liver growth,liver regeneration,kupffer cells,monocytes,endothelial cells,hepatocytes,stellate cells,spatial transcriptomics,epigenetics,cell cell circuits,systems biology,crispr screens
Projet ERC : EHCI (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : Université Toulouse Capitole — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UT1
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 500000.0 €

Medical progress over the last century has undoubtedly improved our well-being. However, the equal access to health care and its economic sustainability are challenged by the scientific revolutions of genetics, the nature and extent of new risks and the growing externalities across countries that put at risk the production of health care public goods. The development of new cell and gene technologies holds the potential for creating therapies for conditions like cancers and genetic diseases. However, the associated costs may be prohibitively high. It is crucial to find ways to provide an environment where such innovations are produced in the most efficient and accessible way. Furthermore, the incentives provided by intellectual property protection, which drive innovation, and measures to reduce research and development costs, are vulnerable to international free riding and can be in contradiction with competition policy. The objective of this research program is to conduct policy-relevant analyses that address these challengesand contribute to a better understanding of optimal public policies and regulatory interventions. Several research directions will be pursued focusing on national price regulation. These regulations must consider potential cross-country externalities arising from explicit reference pricing used by regulators, international trade considerations, and the need to collectively finance socially valuable innovations. The exploration of alternative pricing mechanisms, such as indication-based pricing, quantity-based pricing, and exclusivity extension rules, will be undertaken as potential tools to improve efficiency. Moreover, the promotion of pharmaceuticals, both by the private sector and public entities, will be examined. Additionally, the research program will involve the analysis of innovation and competition policies, ranging from drug research and development projects to healthcare markets.

Mots-clés : empirical industrial organization,regulation,innovation,competition,pharmaceuticals,advertising
Projet ERC : MENTOR (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Molecules of Life: B iological  Mechanisms , Structures  and Functions
Entité participante : Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Inserm
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2519500.0 €

Platelets are highly reactive fragments of megakaryocytes (MKs) that have been implicated in all major pathophysiological processes, but the molecular mechanisms controlling the number and reactivity of platelets in the circulation remain incompletely defined. The prevailing thinking is that mechanical forces are the primary drivers of platelet production, but the logic is flawed and the evidence contradictory. What is glaringly overlooked are intrinsic inhibitory mechanisms and extrinsic cues providing a break system and directionality to MKs. Central to this model is the concept of an MK/platelet checkpoint and gatekeeper preventing platelet production in a haphazard manner, which has never been applied to this fundamental physiological process. Based on pioneering work from my laboratory, I hypothesize that protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)-linked receptors and vascular heparan sulfates (HS) are critical regulators of platelet production, and that these receptors can be harnessed through the use of synthetic heterobifunctional molecules to regulate the threshold of MK/platelet activation and function in health and disease. Critical components of this mechanism, include the co-inhibitory receptor G6B that signals via the non-transmembrane PTPs Shp1 and Shp2, is regulated by vascular HSs, and is the primary gatekeeper of the MK/platelet checkpoint; and the receptor-type PTP CD148 that is regulated by vascular HS proteoglycans and extracellular matrix proteins, and is a master regulator of Src family kinases and the threshold of MK/platelet activation. Findings from this proposal will revolutionize MK/platelet biology and pioneer a novel class of tools and therapeutics for investigating and treating MK/platelet-based pathologies.

Mots-clés : platelet homeostasis,tyrosine phosphatases,vascular heparan sulfates,synthetic heterobifunctional molecules
Projet ERC : DIGECON (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : Université Toulouse Capitole — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UT1
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 436956.25 €

The digital economy is of growing importance for society, but its development challenges the traditional approaches to competition policy and regulation, based on a benchmark of perfect competition that regulatory authorities aim at approaching in the various relevant markets. Economies of scale and scope are more the rule than the exception, network effects and multi-sidedness are pervasive, information and data are shaping industries, the boundaries of the markets are becoming blurred, and industry dynamics are on a new scale. These features make the perfect competition benchmark and the focus on individual markets less relevant, calling for a new conceptual framework for the analysis of competition in the digital economy. The proposed research aims at breaking new ground on four related fronts. First, competition in the digital economy is increasingly between ecosystems involving multiple products and, often, multiple actors. Second, platforms compete for consumer attention, raising questions about consumer behaviour and platforms’ ability to influence it. Third, the digital revolution has drastically affected the way firms compete and cooperate along the vertical chains of production and distribution. Finally, the role of data raises questions not only about the interplay between business strategy and consumer privacy, but also about how the quest for data can shape entry and competition in product markets. On each theme, several avenues are proposed to enhance our understanding of how competition works in the digital era; the insights will shed light on desirable changes for competition policy and regulation – interpreted in a broad sense, including policies that affect the functioning of digital markets such as consumer or privacy protection policies.

Mots-clés : digital economy,competition,competition policy,regulation,data markets,privacy,ecosystems,complements and substitutes,consumer attention,consumer behaviour,business strategy,transaction costs,search costs
Projet ERC : PLIODIS (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Study of the Human Past
Entité participante : Université du Witwatersrand — Pays : Afrique du Sud — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : Wits
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 545531.75 €

Modern humans are unique in their ability to adapt to, and to thrive in, different environments. This trait facilitated their dispersal out-of-Africa to higher latitudes, i.e. to temperate and seasonal habitats, during the Pleistocene. However, there are Plio-Pleistocene hominins at higher latitudes in South Africa (SA) from ~3.7Ma onwards. Did human behavioural/physiological flexibility evolve early in our evolutionary history? Alternatively, did Pliocene hominins occupy such temperate zones due to different palaeoclimatic conditions in deep time and/or due to stochastic events? To untangle these questions this project will: (1) determine the geomorphological and palaeoecological changes in the Kalahari/proto-Limpopo basin, (2) create dynamic palaeo-precipitation/-vegetation models from various archives, (3) carry out detailed anatomical, functional and morphometric analyses of the hominin fossil record and (4) combine the datasets to appraise species diversity (functional adaptations), geneflow (hybridization) and dispersal scenarios (palaeobiogeography). 3 key working hypotheses underlie the proposal: 1. >2.6Ma East African (EA) hominin ranges expanded/contracted in accord with wet and dry phases; periodically, the southernmost populations became reproductively isolated. Early SA hominins represent descendants of Australopithecus anamensis and Australopithecus afarensis, respectively. 2. ~2.6-1.5Ma With the onset of the Northern Hemisphere Glaciation and the re-organisation of the drainage pattern within the Kalahari basin, dispersal corridors repeatedly closed (vicariance) and opened, resulting in intermittent levels of gene flow (i.e. hybridization) between EA and SA hominins. 3. <~1.5Ma Tectonic and hydrographic changes led to the Zambezi River becoming a powerful barrier during the Pleistocene. SA hominins younger than 1.5Ma are likely the result of endemism; competitive exclusion amongst these hominins resulted in exploitation of distinct ecological niches

Mots-clés : palaeoanthropology hominin palaeobiology plio pleistocene hominins south african hominins hominin functional anatomy hominin diversification palaeoscience homo
Projet ERC : REACT (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Soci al World and Its Interactions
Entité participante : Université du KwaZulu-Natal — Pays : Afrique du Sud — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UKZN
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 139483.75 €

We live in a time of endemic uncertainty and accelerating socio-economic exclusion. The collapse of the extractivist ideology of the neoliberal model of development has led to needs for other worldviews. Young people in the Global South are particularly impacted by the socio-economic consequences, affecting their ability to control their livelihoods. This is indicated by high unemployment, gender and job market inequalities, and the decline of living standards despite general economic growth.  REACT emerges as an ambitious, feasible project. The ambition is empirical, methodological and theoretical. REACT uniquely focuses on sourcing everyday activism outside of conventional activist spaces. A qualitative study of 300 youth across 5 cities combined with a survey (12.000) from 20 cities will generate insights on how young people negotiate and act upon their life circumstances. REACT applies a critical-creative pedagogy to foster critical hope via artistic expression, scenario building, urban manifestos, networking and cultural encounters across the Global South. Uncovering individuals’ everyday practices of activism generates insights about the formation of subjectivities in urban contexts, practices of communication in everyday life, perceptions and forms of activism, connects hope with citizenship, and individual action with collective action. These elements are deeply intertwined, hence the need for an interdisciplinary framework. Embedded in communication for social change, and drawing on cultural studies, urban studies, critical pedagogy and critical development studies, REACT will develop a novel interdisciplinary theory for the study of COMmunication, PArticipation and Social Change (COMPAS). REACT’s ambition is also geographical and epistemological; Conducting a study of young people across the geographical Global South can amend the cognitive injustice seen in the imbalance of knowledge production about youth, communication and social change.
Projet ERC : PRIMA (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Texts and Concepts
Entité participante : Université de Tours — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Université Tours
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2499369.0 €

The PRIMA project will redefine our understanding of how culture was produced and disseminated in Early Modern Europe (1575-1800). PRIMA will uncover the importance and the scale of manuscript production and publication for literature, science, music, and other areas, for a period when print is believed to be the dominant (if not the only) technology for publication. By investigating the indissoluble connection between text and carrier, PRIMA will explore how manuscripts have shaped society for much longer than believed. The PRIMA project will unveil the rich manuscript culture that hides in the plain sight of scholars and answer why so many manuscripts were produced, by whom, for whom and how. We will assess the existence of modern scriptoria, uncover monastic writing practices in the modern period, and focus on manuscript production within universities and academies. For literature, particularly satyric and lyric poetry and theatre, it is our argument that manuscript dissemination is the norm and that print is exceptional. We will focus particularly on Italy while allowing for significant openings towards other cultures. Italian manuscript production and consumption are both exceptionally rich and understudied. Adopting qualitative and quantitative methods and innovative computational approaches for data mining, production, and retrieval will ensure the project's feasibility. The investigation of post-print manuscripts will uncover unknown works, which will help redefine our understanding of literary production for the 17th through the 18th centuries by fighting teleological prejudices about the inferiority of manuscripts with respect to print from the 16th century onwards. Finally, PRIMA will also investigate cases of print/manuscript hybridisation, where manuscripts imitate print or include printed sections. The project's main outcomes are the creation of a new discipline and a centre for Modern Manuscript Studies, a book collection and an OA.

Mots-clés : manuscript studies,litterature
Projet ERC : MemDec (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : Université Bocconi — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1936400.0 €

This project builds on the psychology of memory to study how selective retrieval affects economic decisions by shaping beliefs and preferences. The general approach is one in which a person’s past experiences (both domain relevant and domain irrelevant) determine her “core” beliefs and preferences, but changing cues in the environment ignite selective retrieval of specific pieces of information, causing instability in beliefs and preferences. In this way, selective memory acts as a source of framing effects. One project studies belief formation, which is based on sampling of information shaped by similarity to cues (which include the hypotheses being assessed and irrelevant context) and by interference. A second project applies this approach to preferences, studying choice under risk (whereby people selectively retrieve from memory and simulate potential lottery outcomes) and intertemporal choice (whereby people use memory to simulate future rewards). A third project will apply these ideas to the field. Domains of interest are: i) survey measurement of how past domain relevant as well as domain irrelevant experiences shape the perception of new risks i) socio-economic identity and its effect on political opinions, ii) similarity in financial markets, beliefs and asset prices, iv) advertising, and v) instability of fairness norms.

Mots-clés : memory,beliefs,intertemporal choice,valuation,political opinions
Projet ERC : MARKINDOWN (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : Université Bocconi — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1859312.5 €

What is the role played by monopsony (monopoly power in the demand for labor) in widening earning inequalities? Recent studies documented the pervasiveness of monopsony power in modern labor markets. Monopsonistic employers can cut wages without losing workers to competitors, pay labor below its productivity and hire fewer workers than in a competitive labor market. The equilibrium is inefficient as the surplus given by market power is lower than the surplus extracted from workers who are also exposed to excessive work injury risk. Monopsony contributes to explain declining labor shares of income, persistently high levels of workplace accidents, and limited disemployment effects of minimum wages. Much less is known about the role of monopsony in increasing earning inequality. This project aims at filling this gap by i) contributing to a better understanding of the sources of monopsony power and ii) assessing their relevance across different socio-economic groups. Monopsony power can be due to anticompetitive arrangements introduced often in a non-transparent way in labor contracts.Another source of monopsony power is lack of information on alternative job opportunities. Frictions in the matching of workers and vacancies may discourage risk averse workers when planning to quit the firm after wage cuts. Spatial mismatch in the allocation of jobs and quitters may increase monopsony power vis-à-vis workers having a stronger distaste for commuting. Some groups of workers may also have stronger cognitive biases when interpreting available information on outside opportunities. The three parts of the project will i) assess the incidence of anticompetitive arrangements in Europe, ii) estimate firm-level labor supply elasticities across different categories of workers, and iii) using survey and experimental methods, evaluate to what extent the heterogeneity among socio-economic groups of willingness to quit a low-paid job is related to lack of information or cognitive biases.

Mots-clés : monopsony
Projet ERC : OPTiMiSE (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : Université Bocconi — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2186890.0 €

Several evolution problems, such as gradient flows or rate-independent processes, are governed by variational principles which are extremely useful for studying the existence, stability, and structural properties of solutions by simple and general constructive approximation methods.  Deep and beautiful ideas from the theory of Optimal Transport have contributed new insights and additional challenging questions to this scenario and have motivated flourishing and original developments. On the one hand, the applications to gradient flows in the Kantorovich-Wasserstein spaces of probability measures reveal the importance, the power, and the flexibility of the metric viewpoint. On the other hand, the interplay with evolutionary problems has in turn brought new ideas and perspectives to Optimal Transport, inspiring a powerful set of techniques for its applications, especially to the analysis and geometry in metric-measure spaces.  In recent years, the PI and his collaborators have given relevant contributions to the general theory of gradient flows, in particular in Kantorovich-Wasserstein spaces, and they have obtained ground-breaking results for metric-measure spaces and Unbalanced Optimal Transport between positive measures with finite mass.  The goal of the project is a wide-ranging analysis which aims to combine and broaden the above themes and perspectives, to address crucial and challenging open problems, and to open up novel research directions: - new generation results and metric-variational principles for evolution equations, - the interplay between curvature bounds and convergence of variational approximation schemes, - a new metric approach to dissipative evolution and saddle-point flows, - new methods and results for paradigmatic highly nonlinear and non-convex partial differential equations for probability measures, - the foundation of a mean-field theory for the rate-independent evolution of critical points.

Mots-clés : gradient flows,dissipative evolution,rate independent processes,optimal transport,wasserstein metric,probability vector fields,variational methods,metric measure spaces,unbalanced optimal transport,hellinger kantorovich metric,minimizing movements,jko scheme,evolution variational inequalities,energetic and bv solutions