Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : BROKENSONG (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Texts and Concepts
Entité participante : Université nationale d'Irlande à Maynooth — Pays : Irlande — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : MU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999998.75 €

BROKENSONG examines polyphonic singing in medieval Britain and Ireland during a transformative period of western music history, c. 1150-1350, when written books devoted to polyphony begin to proliferate. Using methodologies from musicology, music analysis, medieval and manuscript studies, practice-based research, and digital humanities, BROKENSONG aims to answer the principal research question: What does it mean for a culture to write its music down? BROKENSONG investigates what this act of ‘writing-down’ meant to and for musical communities. The insular sources extant from this period—just over a hundred mostly fragmentary sources—hint at stories of music practice and creation different from those suggested by the highly curated continental anthologies of polyphony that survive from continental Europe, and around which the history of western music was constructed. These are mostly broken books transmitting broken songs: yet BROKENSONG proposes that in-depth study of them will provide a breakthrough on fundamental questions regarding processes of and contexts for artistic creation in the later Middle Ages. Tackling the issue of style head-on, BROKENSONG uses it to address the problem of anonymity in medieval cultural products, and develops an innovative methodology for understanding the relationships between cultural products that lack extra-musical evidence for associating them to specific individuals, communities, or regions. Three intersecting work packages reconstruct the fragmentary material artifacts, develop historical understandings of music and community, and analyse communities of musical style through a combination of practice-based and computational approaches. BROKENSONG reveals the layered interactions between individual creativity, communal ritual activities, institutional agendas, and the written medium of music notation—with its particular techniques, limitations, and possibilities—and the realization of those artefacts into sound, then and now.

Mots-clés : music manuscript fragments,fragmentology,late medieval polyphony,medieval notation,liturgical polyphony,medieval book culture,manuscript studies,music encoding,late medieval plainchant
Projet ERC : VAMPIRE (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Immunity, Infection and I mmunotherapy
Entité participante : Université catholique de Louvain — Pays : Belgique — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UCL
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999174.0 €

Bacterial predators offer a unique avenue to identify novel molecular weapons that could be harnessed against antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Obligate predatory bacteria thrive by consuming other bacteria, either vampirizing prey from inside (endobiotic predation) or from the surface (epibiotic predation). However, critical aspects of predatory attacks and predator proliferation remain enigmatic. The VAMPIRE project aims to fill this gap by elucidating the molecular devices used for prey attack and digestion, and the pathways controlling predator proliferation during these key predation stages. Building on state-of-the-art live-cell imaging tools and insights on endobiotic predation from the ERC StG PREDATOR, VAMPIRE takes a significant leap further by addressing long-standing gaps in mechanistic understanding of bacterial predation. Investigation in VAMPIRE is consolidated by studying both endobiotic and epibiotic predation modes, leveraging two closely related predator species as model systems: Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus (endobiotic) and B. exovorus (epibiotic). This proposal specifically aims to (i) examine the roles of conserved molecular nanomachines (pili and secretion systems) in predatory attacks, (ii) uncover the intriguing macromolecular feeding complex clamping predators to prey during vampirization, (iii) unravel the significance of secondary messengers in coordinating the start and end of predator growth with prey attack and consumption. Strong preliminary data indicate spatial confinement of these mechanisms to the prey-invasive pole in the predator cell, emphasizing subcellular organization as a key determinant for coupling attacks and cell cycle control in bacterial predators. Combining single-cell live imaging, genetics, proteomics, and structural approaches, VAMPIRE will comprehensively explore predatory lifecycles, extending beyond the textbook “classics” of bacterial proliferation while offering insights into novel antibacterial mechanisms.

Mots-clés : bacterial predation,bacterial cell cycle,live cell imaging of bacterial cells,bacterial cell polarity,type 4 pili,tad pili,bacterial secretion systems,c di gmp,stringent response,protein localisation,epifluorescence microscopy,inter species interactions,bacterial envelope complexes,secondary messengers,bacterial growth,bacterial cell division,bacterial cell envelope,bdellovibrio bacteriovorus,caulobacter crescentus
Projet ERC : CAREINTLAW (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Université de la ville de Dublin — Pays : Irlande — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1967929.0 €

Feminist work in international law predominantly focuses on harm. This focus has revealed the inadequacy of much international law in capturing women’s gendered experiences of harm. Further, this work has engaged productively with legal reform opportunities to change international law in ways that better-capture gender harm. Nevertheless, there is increasingly acute feminist concern about the harm-focus for manifold reasons. Fundamentally, the focus on the individualized and episodic experiences of (gender) harm provides an inadequate basis for the sorts of structural transformation of international law that feminist work ultimately seeks. CAREINTLAW opens-up and reorients international law scholarship away from its harm focus towards the considerable though as yet unexploited resources of a focus on care. The central research question asks: How does the conceptualisation, regulation and practice of care through international legal doctrine and institutions change our understanding of international law? The question is addressed across four phases: concept refinement and theory development, by drawing on novel theoretical and methodological resources of feminist care theorisation to ask new questions of international law; generation of new and unique legal findings on the conceptualisation and regulation of care under diverse regimes of international law, through the refinement of a theoretically-informed and inductively-guided doctrinal research approach; methodological innovation in the ethnographic study of international law in order to ’surface’ care practices and their legal effects in international law-making institutions; and finally, advancing a prefigurative feminist legal methodology in order to produce international law outputs ‘as if’ care were at its centre. By centring care, this groundbreaking project will offer new ways to understand the core principles, institutions and processes of international law.

Mots-clés : gender,care,feminist care ethics
Projet ERC : LUBFLOW (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and Processes Engineering
Entité participante : KTH Institut royal de technologie — Pays : Suède — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1987355.0 €

Robust surfaces that can resist fouling, reduce flow drag and control heat- and mass transfer in fluctuating flows would have broad technological implications, ranging from biomedical devices and marine industry to food processing and batteries. Slippery surfaces that use microstructures to lock in place a lubricating liquid hold great promise as a breakthrough technology. In gentle conditions, they have already demonstrated anti-fouling, drag reduction and heat-transfer enhancement. However, when submerged in harsh flow environments that contain turbulence, surfactants and microorganisms, these surfaces drastically change their behavior. The lubricant-liquid interface can break up and partially drain resulting in self-emergent surface patterns. It can sustain large capillary waves resulting in surface roughness. It can change or obtain new properties from Marangoni stresses and it can allow the partial attachment of biofilms. Understanding these non-equilibrium states of lubricant-infused surfaces will lead to mitigation of failure modes and to new functionalities of lubricant-infused surfaces, including controlling non-colloidal particles or serving as surface actuators. Therefore, the aim of this project is to provide a deep understanding of lubricant-liquid phenomena in harsh flow environments and lead the way to a new generation of functional surfaces for fluid flows. We will use a unique combination of high-performance computing and flow experiments to untangle the interaction between the tiny scales of liquid-liquid interfaces, large flow patterns, the existence of “hidden” surfactants and the active decisions made by settling bacteria. By establishing the fundamental behavior of lubricant-infused surfaces in dynamic and realistic environments, we pave the way to control transport processes in submerged applications.

Mots-clés : slippery surfaces,turbulence,interfacial instabilities,biofilms,marangoni stress
Projet ERC : DeepTrace (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth System Science
Entité participante : Université technique du Moyen-Orient — Pays : Turquie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ODTÜ
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2399350.0 €

Redox metals such as Fe, Mo, V, Ni, Cu and Mn, supplied from deep-sea interfaces, played a pivotal role in the coupled evolution of Earth's biogeochemical cycles and life. Accordingly, future search for life in Ocean Worlds of the Solar System will greatly benefit from going beyond parameters such as water and organics, and being able to detect signs of subsurface metal catalysis. As fundamental metabolism requires metal clusters and nanoparticles; their formation, detection and link to Earth’s ocean biogeochemical structure can pave the way for inference of metal catalysis from plume ejecta compositions of Ocean Worlds such as Europa and Enceladus. DeepTrace will advance a ground-breaking mechanistic, analytical and predictive framework on the nanoparticle-fuelled co-mobilization of catalyst metals across Earth's marine redox interfaces. The key idea is to establish the concept of sub-ocean metal redox catalysis underpinning the ecosystem evolution of Earth’s oceans and use it to explore habitability of Ocean Worlds. In DeepTrace we will conduct multidisciplinary sea expeditions to unravel how the six redox metals co-mobilize by studying Earth analogues such as deep-sea hydrothermal vents and suboxic/anoxic seas. Integrating state-of-the-art methods with emerging innovative approaches such as time-of-flight single-particle-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, we will advance the multi-element detection of nanoparticles. Finally, to build a predictive framework that will enable the estimation of nanoparticle fluxes from deep-sea boundaries and inferring the metabolic potential of Ocean Worlds, we will develop novel biogeochemical models. DeepTrace will tap the potential of tracing redox metals as one of best opportunities in the next decade for detecting life in Ocean Worlds, and accelerate improved parametrizations of metal cycles for better prediction of Earth’s marine ecosystems under multi-stressors such as deoxygenation, warming and biodiversity loss.

Mots-clés : redox processes,deep sea,in situ sensors,nanoparticles,nanogeoscience,transition metals
Projet ERC : CUTOFF (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : Université Paris Dauphine - PSL — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Dauphine-PSL
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1403750.0 €

The cutoff phenomenon is an abrupt transition from out of equilibrium to equilibrium undergone by certain Markov processes in the limit where the size of the state space tends to infinity: instead of decaying gradually over time, their distance to equilibrium remains close to the maximal value for a while and suddenly drops to zero as the time parameter reaches a critical threshold known as the mixing time.  Discovered four decades ago in the context of card shuffling, this dynamical phase transition has since then been observed in a variety of situations, from random walks on random graphs to high-temperature spin glasses. It is now believed to be universal among fast-mixing high-dimensional systems. Yet, the current proofs are case-specific and rely on explicit computations which (i) can only be carried out in oversimplified models and (ii) do not bring any conceptual insight as to why such a sharp transition occurs. Our ambition here is to identify the general conditions that trigger the cutoff phenomenon. This is one of the biggest challenges in the quantitative analysis of finite Markov chains.  We believe that the key is to harness a new information-theoretic statistics called varentropy, whose relevance was recently uncovered by the PI but whose systematic estimation remains entirely to be developed. Specifically, we propose to elaborate a robust set of analytic and geometric tools to bound varentropy and control its evolution under any Markov semi-group, much like log-Sobolev inequalities do for entropy. From this, we intend to derive sharp and easily verifiable criteria allowing us to predict cutoff without having to compute mixing times. If successful, our approach will not only provide a unified explanation for all known instances of the phenomenon, but also confirm its long-predicted occurrence in a number of models of fundamental importance. Emblematic applications include random walks on expanders, interacting particle systems, and MCMC algorithms.

Mots-clés : mixing times,markov chains,markov semi groups,discrete functional inequalities,discrete curvature,random walks on groups,random walks on graphs,out of equilibrium dynamics,interacting particle systems,convergence to equilibrium,relative entropy,sharp thresholds
Projet ERC : MESHOPTO (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Materials Engineering
Entité participante : Université Koç — Pays : Turquie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1533730.0 €

Visual sense is vital for all of us. Blindness has severe negative psychological, social, and economical consequences, and degeneration of photoreceptors is a leading cause of it. Photovoltaic retina implants are the current electronic solution to restore vision loss due to photoreceptor degeneration. Since the state-of-the-art implants are based on photodiodes, which face challenges in terms of miniaturization, efficiency, and compatibility with mechanical and structural properties of the retina, artificial vision still falls short to overcome the legal blindness level. We propose a novel concept of Retinal Mesh Optoelectronics that will simultaneously satisfy (a) high-pixel density for high visual acuity, (b) conformability to match the natural curvature of the retina for optimal vision quality, (c) flexibility for coverage of a large area of the retina for a wide field of view, (d) seamless integration to keep the remaining healthy photoreceptors intact, (e) biocompatibility, (f) usage of safe capacitive current, (g) injectability and (h) removability. Toward this aim, we will initially develop efficient, thin, and cellular-sized photovoltaic neural interfaces based on quantum dots and nanowires. For that, non-toxic quantum dots that have strong light absorption at near-infrared will be synergized with the nanowires that have unique light-trapping and high surface area for efficient photostimulation of neurons. Then, we will translate these devices to porous and flexible tissue-like retinal implants for artificial vision. Starting from the nanomaterial synthesis to optoelectronic device fabrication and bioelectronic mesh formation, this challenging innovation combining nanomaterials, photonics and abiotic-biotic interfaces will be explored from primary neurons up to in-vivo experimental models of photoreceptor degeneration in order to move the results toward clinical application.

Mots-clés : quantum dot,nanowire,neural interface
Projet ERC : LongTx (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention,  Diagnosis and T reatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : Institut Karolinska — Pays : Suède — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 372500.0 €

The perception that RNAs are passive carriers of genetic information has been overturned. Due to the diverse targeting abilities and extensive research in RNA modification and delivery systems, nucleic acid-based therapies have emerged as suitable treatment options for many diseases. Targeting RNAs offers opportunities to modulate numerous cellular processes, including those linked to the large portion of ‘undruggable’ proteins. Currently approved protein-targeted therapies interact with <700 gene products, meaning that only 0.05% of the human genome is presently utilized for treatment. On the contrary, a large fraction of the human genome (>70%) is transcribed into non-coding RNAs. Humans produce more than 15.000 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA), with a substantial subset of these likely being ‘druggable’ via RNA interference strategies, such as antisense oligonucleotides and siRNAs. In my current LongTx proposal, we aim at identifying suitable lncRNAs with relevance to vascular disease development and progression. To be successful, we made sure that we have identified suitable lncRNAs by profiling diseased human tissue from patients with carotid artery disease and stroke, as well as abdominal aortic aneurysms. Both diseases are currently being treated with suboptimal surgical interventions, and the growing affected patient population would tremendously benefit from novel treatment strategies that enable stabilization of advanced vulnerable atherosclerotic lesions, and also limit the risk for acute aortic ruptures and dissections. The two lncRNAs we have identified in preliminary studies using single-cell, bulk, and spatial transcriptomics are called CRNDE and NKILA. We propose to study these lncRNAs in disease-relevant preclinical in vitro (arteries-on-chips) and in vivo (genetically mutated mice and mini-pigs) models, with a strong focus on novel local delivery concepts for antisense oligonucleotide inhibitors that site-specifically target both transcripts.

Mots-clés : stroke,aortic aneurysm,long non coding rna
Projet ERC : MitoSignal (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and R egeneration
Entité participante : Biology Centre — Pays : Rép. Tchèque — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : BC AV ČR;BC CAS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1991125.0 €

Mitochondria perform three essential functions: ATP production, metabolite synthesis and cellular signaling. These signals, communicating the bioenergetic and biosynthetic fitness of the organelle to the nucleus, play a powerful role in determining cellular fate. The incorporation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) in cellular signaling is an interesting evolutionary outcome, as excess levels of these potent oxidizers have been implicated in many pathologies. While most research focuses on these outcomes of oxidative stress, much less is known about how mROS drive a range of physiological responses. Furthermore, the available studies are limited to a few traditional model organisms, featuring complex cellular systems with numerous mitochondria at different energetic states. Here, we propose to utilize the unicellular parasites, Trypanosoma brucei and T. congolense, as simplified but elegant models to define mROS-driven cellular differentiation. As these protists undergo programmed development between several distinct life cycle forms, there are striking changes to the structure and physiology of their single mitochondrion that manifest in elevated ROS levels. Importantly, we demonstrated that these ROS molecules are essential for the developmental progression of the parasite. Employing these well-chosen models and combining next-generation biosensors, advanced bioenergetic methods, redox proteomics and a CRISPR/Cas9 genetic screen, we will answer the following fundamental questions: Does mROS drive Trypanosoma cellular differentiation? What molecular processes are responsible for the elevated mROS levels during differentiation? How is the redox signal propagated to the rest of the cell? The proposed research aspires to unravel the fundamental mechanisms underlying the intricate communication between mitochondria and the rest of the cell, featuring cellular hallmarks of cell fate decisions.

Mots-clés : trypanosoma,differentiation,life cycle,mitochondrion,reactive oxygen species,electron transport chain,metabolism,bioenergetics,proteomics,