Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : WINK (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : Autonomous University of Barcelona — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UAB
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1489550.0 €

Literature scholars have succeeded in recovering texts by early modern women from different languages, genres, and sociopolitical contexts. Still, compared to their male counterparts, few women writers feature in national canons, or they compose a separate set of ‘early modern women writers’. A nuanced qualitative approach to their textual production reveals forms of self-taught, intellectually-minded trans-genre discourse (traversing poetry, drama, prose, novels) traditionally deemed irrelevant as it did not conform to a practice of scholarly male-dominated discourse. Thus, much original thinking by women has remained intact even if their texts are available to us. The proposed research locates, identifies and examines the invisible written production of women in early European modernity in order to modify the single-gender paradigm of intellectual value. It surveys sources in six languages through a methodology based on trans-genre writing rather than on close genre types, allowing patterns of persuasive argumentation to emerge as intellectual input, while exposing the rhetorical models that have impinged on the social and cognitive processes identifying intellectual value as being androcentric. The main research unfolds in three strands: 1) Synergies, examining religious and life-writing themes that shaped into ethical discourses on the common good. 2) Cloud intertextualities, tracing fragmented chains of intuitive argument in discursive narrative. 3) Textual porosity, understanding patterns of knowledge transference and authorial attribution in the management of sources. The research outcomes will render co-authored articles, a virtual space environment as the reservoir and task field for comparative textual analysis, and a four-volume collection on the cultural history of textual misogyny. WINK approaches intellectual value as a category of gender analysis, bringing to light transformative thinking from understudied and underrepresented women authors.

Mots-clés : genre,textual misogyny,invisibility,intellectual value,early modern literature,women s writing,gender studies,history of literature,print and manuscript culture,discourse analysis
Projet ERC : VIVARNAsilencing2 (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Proof of concept grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy
Entité participante : Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : RUNMC
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 150000.0 €

Live-attenuated viral vaccines are among the most successful vaccine approaches and have been used for decades. However, live-attenuated vaccines come with a risk of reversion or recombination of the vaccine to a virulent form. An important consideration for live-attenuated vaccines for arthropod-borne (arbo-) viruses is that they should not replicate in their mosquito vectors to prevent unwanted spread of the vaccine and vaccine-derived virulent strains. In this ERC Proof-of-Concept project (VIVARNAsilencing2), we will develop an innovative approach to enhance the safety of live-attenuated vaccines for mosquito-transmitted viruses, by preventing their replication in mosquitoes. To this end, we will exploit a small RNA-based gene regulatory network of the mosquito vector to target viral RNA for degradation in the mosquito. The mechanism and natural function of this gene regulatory network had been characterized in an ERC Consolidator Grant, which we will now develop into a commercial and societal valuable product. We will focus on important epidemic human arboviruses with a large disease burden such as dengue virus, Zika virus, and chikungunya virus, but the approach is readily applicable for all arboviruses that are transmitted by mosquitoes of the Culex and Aedes genera, including pathogens of livestock. VIVARNAsilencing2 meets an urgent need in the face of the enormous disease burden and strong global push to develop vaccines for the important class of mosquito-transmitted pathogens.

Mots-clés : viral vaccine,live attenuated vaccine,rna silencing,piwi interacting rna,arbovirus,mosquito,aedes,aegypti
Projet ERC : FuelledLife (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Condensed matter physics
Entité participante : Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : LMU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 0.0 €

Living cells rely on the compartmentalisation of thousands of different molecules and their chemical reactions. Remarkably, many of such compartments form by phase separation of heteropolymers controlled by sequence-specific interactions and fuel that drives reactions away from equilibrium. If we knew how such polymers with sequence-specific interactions evolve and compartmentalise in fuel-driven multi-component mixtures, we would better understand the role of phase separation in living cells and how synthetic or prebiotic cells emerge. I aim to study how fuel-driven phase separation can drive the selection and replication of hetero-polymers with sequence-specific interactions, the control of their chemical reactions and the emergence and selection of different compartments. My team and I will develop a theory for phase separation and chemical reactions in multi-component mixtures driven away from equilibrium by irreversible, fuel-driven reactions. This theory will provide a link between phenomena on the compartment scale and coarse-grained properties of sequences. First, we will use this theory to study how compartments control biochemical reactions, and how this control is determined by sequence. Second, we will investigate how sequences are selected, replicated and evolve under cyclic, non-equilibrium conditions. Third, we will use our theory to unravel how fuel-driven chemical reactions regulate formation and division of compartments, and affect selection of different compartments within a population. Our theoretical studies will elucidate the physical mechanisms and conditions which will be experimentally scrutinised by our collaborators. Our results will let us understand how living cells regulate phase separation, like the formation of stress granules by selecting RNA. Moreover, our results will elucidate the role of phase separation for the emergence of life by determining the prerequisites of a protocell to divide, replicate and undergo selection.

Mots-clés : phase separation in cells,synthetic cells,non equlibrium thermodynamics,physics of emulsions,statistical physics of living systems,cell biophysics,biophysics of the origin of life
Projet ERC : Jellyclock (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : Leibniz Association — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : LG
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2280000.0 €

Living organisms teach us how to design material structures that can move autonomously. Such motility is not restricted to animated organisms but can also originate from local differences t expansion coefficients in ligneous compounds. This challenges the design of micro-objects that can perform mechanical work and undergo locomotion. Irrespective of the specific material, three fundamental tasks must be solved: (i) to fuel the material for the actuation; (ii) to control the morphing of the object in time and space; and (iii) to establish a feed-back mechanism that enables timing of a sequence of steps. The later refers to an integrated clock function in order to pulse the energy input for distinct mechanical strokes. Within JELLYCLOCK, we address all three questions at the example of light driven hydrogel micro-objects. We have developed light sensitive microgels that change their shape within milliseconds. IR-irradiation of gold nanorods, entrapped in a thermosensitive hydrogel, is used to heat the gel from inside and enable a gradated spatial and temporal control of its swelling and shrinking. The water-based actuation will be directed to generate a non-reciprocal deformation as required for locomotion at low Reynolds numbers. So far, a directed cyclic deformation action relies on the outside modulation of the irradiation. We will extent this concept by introducing self-oscillating absorption efficiency, so that a stepwise body deformation becomes feasible under continuous irradiation. The project comprises (1) the advanced design of hydrogel based actuators driven by modulated light, (2) achievement of a precise control of the deformation in time and space , and as the actual disruptive step, (3) the realization of a self-sustaining pulsation under continuous near IR irradiation. Such soft micro engines strike a new path to micro-robotics for biomedical or biomechanical applications, or to create micro devices that could mix, sort and circulate fluid.

Mots-clés : bioinspired materials engineering,responsive materials,morphing,selfpropelling soft colloids
Projet ERC : TEMPORE (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : Sorbonne Université — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Sorbonne U
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1496225.0 €

Living systems exhibit unique autonomous behaviors such as homeostasis, self-regulation or spontaneous oscillations, not existing in conventional materials. Designing artificial systems with life-like functionalities is a long-standing challenge in chemistry and material science. This groundbreaking research field has been developed exclusively at the molecular and supramolecular level, through chemical self-regulation based on interconnected networks of reactions in solution. In this project, I will explore a conceptually new and different approach based on interconnected nanomaterials in open atmosphere; I will design a new family of autonomous systems, called porous Nano-Oscillators, exhibiting a “physical” self-regulation mechanism at the nanoscale. To do so, I will engineer nanoparticles, nanoporous materials and light in a very specific way in order to activate artificial feedback loops; self-oscillatory behavior will be time-programmed by exploiting the sorption dynamics of the nanoporous materials. I will exploit a multidisciplinary approach based on nanochemistry, nanofabrication and optics to fabricate isolated and groups of nano-oscillators and to investigate their dynamic behaviors. By analogy with cells, communication, synchronization and collective response will be investigated by a new methodology able to describe the spatiotemporal evolutions of self-oscillating nano-objects in controlled environments. Themo-optical simulations will support the experimental work by providing thermodynamic and kinetic guidelines. Inspired by examples from nature, I will provide proof-of-concept of time-programmable, autonomous devices, working in open atmosphere with unprecedented functionalities.

Mots-clés : autonomous,nanoporous,dynamics,optics,thermal
Projet ERC : InflaPML (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing
Entité participante : University of Ferrara — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1462500.0 €

Local sterile inflammation arise in many pathologic states, including several diseases of the nervous system as brain stroke, neurodegenerative diseases and epilepsy. The persistent and de-regulated inflammatory response sustains these neurological pathologies worsening their prognosis. Different molecular players, as NLRP3 and P2X7 have been shown to contribute to the progression of these illnesses triggering the release of IL-1β and recruiting cellular components of the immune response at the neurodegeneration site. Consistently, brain penetrant P2X7 antagonists are clinically used to treat epilepsy and neurodegenerative diseases, while the pharmacological modulation of IL-1β is still unsuccessful. Unfortunately, the molecular mechanism underlying neuroinflammation and NLRP3 inflammasome assembly remains elusive. Here we propose that different neuroinflammatory diseases can be linked together in a common disease pathway, of which damaged function should be targeted for therapy. Specifically we propose a new mechanism acting on IL-1β regulation: we hypothesize the existence of a new activity of PML outside tumour environment, acting at the endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria interfaces (MAMs) as modulator of NLRP3 inflammasome. On these bases, I propose a project in which PML activity at MAMs can be the key link of different neuroinflammatory diseases. Our goals are as follow: 1) to demonstrate that PML post-transcriptionally controls NLRP3 activity at the ER/MAMs compartments and thus IL-1β release via P2X7; 2) to prove that IL-1β release have a strong influence on neuronal environment and survival, and might represent a prognostic factor; 3) to develop new drugs targeting PML/NLRP3/P2X7 axis to overcome the unexpected failure of anti-IL-1 therapies.

Mots-clés : inflammation,nlrp3 inflammasome,mitochondria associated membranes,promyelocytic leukemia protein  pml
Projet ERC : LocomotorIntegration (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System
Entité participante : University of Copenhagen — Pays : Danemark — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UCPH
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1374869.9 €

Locomotion is a complex motor act that is used in many daily life activities and is the output measures of a plethora of brain behaviors. The planning and initiation of locomotion take place in the brain and brainstem, while the execution is accomplished by activity in neuronal networks in the spinal cord itself. Recent experiments have provided significant insight to the organization of the executive spinal locomotor networks. However, little is known about the brainstem control of these networks. Here, I propose to provide a unified understanding of the functional connectome of the key brainstem networks that control locomotion in mammals needed to select appropriate locomotor outputs. To obtain these goals we will develop a suite of transgenic mouse models with optogenetic or chemogenetic switches in defined populations of brainstem neurons combined with the possibility to use state-of-the-art cell-specific electrophysiological and anatomical connectivity studies. We will reveal the functional organization of ‘go’ and ‘stop’ command systems in the brainstem that are directly upstream from the spinal locomotor networks and the mechanisms for how spinal networks are selected. We will further functionally deconstruct the next network layer in midbrain structures that control the ‘go’ and ‘stop’ command systems. Our research takes a specific approach to provide mechanistic insight to the integrated movement function by building the motor matrix in a functional chain from the locomotor–related spinal cord neurons that have been identified to midbrain neurons. A segment of our research will link these networks to locomotor impairments after basal ganglia dysfunction. The work has the potential to make a breakthrough in our understanding of how complex movements are generated by the brain and has translational implications for patients with movement disorders. It will push boundaries in the universal effort that aims to comprehend how brain networks create behaviors.

Mots-clés : motor control,brainstem,spinal cord,basal ganglia,neurons,optogenetics
Projet ERC : CRITISUP2 (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental constituents of matter
Entité participante : École normale supérieure PSL — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : ENS PSL
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 57907.5 €

Low temperature matter exhibits a spectacular variety of highly ordered states that occur through phase transitions. In quantum systems, phase transitions and associated critical phenomena constitute a central issue of modern physics. Wilson’s theory of renormalization showed that very different physical systems could be unified under the same universality class characterized by critical exponents. The high degree of control offered by ultracold atom experiments sets them as an ideal platform for the investigation of phase transitions and critical phenomena. CRITISUP2 aims at exploring criticality in superfluid spin ½ Fermi gases where the interplay between temperature spin polarization and interactions is at the origin of a rich phase diagram and a variety of phase transitions. We will measure the corresponding static and dynamic critical exponents, and search for the long-sought Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) phase predicted over 50 years ago. We will also study the phase diagram and critical counterflow of dual Bose-Fermi superfluids which have emerged as a new paradigm of quantum matter. Cutting-edge Bold Diagrammatic Monte Carlo and new resummation methods, developed in-house, will be confronted to the experiments on the one hand, and provide answers to debated questions on the other. The expected outcomes of CRITISUP2 will constitute a major leap forward relevant for several fields of modern physics, ranging from condensed-matter to astrophysics, nuclear physics, and high energy physics.

Mots-clés : superfluidity,bose einstein condensation
Projet ERC : MAMEMS (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : Austrian Academy of Sciences — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : OAW
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 105000.0 €

MAMEMS will constitute the first comprehensive examination of the monastic communities of Mount Athos as independent actors in medieval Eastern Mediterranean Society. This “monastic republic” was intimately connected with the Byzantine Empire, the various Orthodox principalities of the Balkans and Caucasus, South Italy, as well with the Ottoman Empire. By taking advantage of considerable advances in subfields like prosopography, analyzing and making available a set of sources (lists of commemoration) that are either poorly studied or unedited, and by bringing together an interdisciplinary team (a Byzantinist, Slavicist annd Kartvelologist) under the direction of the PI, MAMEMS will transform the way the Holy Mountain is viewed within scholarship and the general public via a triad of leitmotifs: wealth, ethnicity and gender (WEG). The exploration of these topics will be undergirded by the creation of a prosopographical database, Prosopographika Athonika, containing entries for every monk to have resided on the Holy Mountain, every Athonite benefactor and every person to have visited there from ca. 850 to 1550, that is from the time of the first surviving documents in the Athonite archives until the founding of the last of the major Athonite houses, Stavronikita. This database will finally allow a concrete analysis of how medieval Mount Athos was embedded within wider networks of economic interests, church leadership, intellectual exchange and patronage.

Mots-clés : database,mount athos,byzantine studies,prosopography,monasticism
Projet ERC : MICRO2MACRO (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : University of Cambridge — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : U. Cambridge
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1877295.0 €

MICRO2MACRO proposes a research agenda where macroeconomic outcomes emerge as the equilibrium aggregation of decisions by interlinked micro-units of production operating in narrow, possibly frictional, markets and subject to localized shocks. Under this broad agenda, the project focuses on three different themes. The first theme of MICRO2MACRO develops novel theory on market power in production networks and explores how this perspective may inform policy makers and academics. It asks the following questions: (i) Where does market power lie? Can models of production networks help identify market power bottlenecks in supply chain data? (ii) How is competition policy affected by production networks? (iii) Can this micro-to-macro approach inform unresolved debates on the cyclicality of markups? Second, while the literature has mostly focused on how production networks can help in understanding business cycles, the implications for innovation and growth are largely unexplored. The second theme of MICRO2MACRO puts forward a view of the networked nature of innovation and explores its implications for aggregate growth. It asks: (i) Do innovation decisions cascade throughout the supply chain in response to final demand market size effects? (ii) How do firms explore the knowledge space? Do firms shift between exploiting in depth a given technology and exploring in a new technological domain? (iii) What are the asset pricing implications of unbalanced growth at a micro level? The third theme of MICRO2MACRO explores how naturally occurring transaction-level data can help surmount empirical bottlenecks in the existent literature. We ask: (i) Whether transaction records can be tapped into to provide a substitute for classical national accounts objects such as disaggregated GDP measures and detailed input-output tables (ii) Whether this data can be deployed to understand the propagation of highly localized shocks through final demand linkages.

Mots-clés : micro to macro,production networks,macroeconomics,business cycles,market power,innovation,micro data,quantitative general equilibrium models