Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : PML-THERAPY (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : American University of Beirut — Pays : Liban — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : AUB
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 100000.0 €

In acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL), retinoic acid (RA) and Arsenic trioxide (As) bind PML/RARA and promote its degradation. Exploring the mechanistic bases for APL response to the RA/As combination, we found that upon PML/RARA degradation the normal PML allele activates a PML/P53 checkpoint absolutely required for APL cure in mice or patients. Physiologically, PML behaves as an oxidative stress sensor and contributes to redox homeostasis. PML organizes nuclear bodies (NBs), domains that recruit multiple client proteins and may facilitate their post-translational modifications (PTM), particularly conjugation of SUMOs. This somehow controls multiple downstream pathways such as P53, but also RB, HIF1A or interferon (IFN). In APL, NB-disruption blunts P53-driven senescence, contributing to oncogenesis and therapy resistance. Critically, PML expression and/or NB-formation are lost upon many viral infections or during cancer development. The mechanism(s) underlying the selective pressure to loose PML expression in multiple cancers remains incompletely understood. Our aim is to mechanistically dissect PML signalling in vivo and therapeutically restore it in malignancies where it is inactivated. We first propose a broad exploration of PML in mice to identify basal and stress-induced PML PTM and identify the repertoire of proteins sumoylated in a PML- dependent manner. We will generate a series of PML knock-in mutant mice and analyse their P53- regulated redox homeostasis. We will mechanistically explore PML/P53-driven senescence in three leukaemia models where we have evidence for basal or therapy-responsive NB-modulation: acute myeloid leukaemia expressing NPMc and IFN-sensitive Tax- or JAK2-driven leukaemias. We will screen chemical libraries for drugs modulating PML expression and/or NB biogenesis. Finally, we will integrate our findings to elaborate innovative therapeutic strategies based on restoration of the PML/P53 checkpoint in leukaemia with unmet medical needs

Mots-clés : sumo,therapeutics,arsenic,interferon,post translational modifications
Projet ERC : PROMETHEUS (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : Max Planck Society — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : MPG
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2500000.0 €

In adult organisms, the natural ability to regenerate tissues damaged by injury or aging resides in multipotent tissue-specific precursors in local microenvironments. The number of these precursors is often either limited or declines sharply with age. Moreover, long-term adverse side effects of cancer treatments affect patients of any age. Such treatments tend to diminish the stem cell and progenitor cell populations. In mammals pluripotency occurs only in the early embryo. Since 2006 it has been possible to turn ordinary somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells by using transcription factors (cellular reprogramming). However, pluripotency bears a risk for tumor formation, and thus conventional reprogramming strategies face the challenge of managing uncontrolled growth when applied to organs and tissues. I propose to replenish the tissue-specific precursor cell pool by directly programming local somatic cell types into relevant precursors. My team has already generated such precursor cell types in vitro but not yet in vivo. To bridge the so far insurmountable gap between current in vitro and future in vivo use, we need innovative strategies. I propose to utilize the emerging field of organoid technology (small cell clusters of self-organized tissue) in a scalable automated system to screen possible factors for converting somatic cells into tissue-resident precursors and evaluate them in vivo. This high-risk, high-gain approach enables the development of a new method for testing reprogramming strategies in 3D tissues. Our work indicates that somatic cells can be programmed to become multipotent somatic precursor cells with an efficiency above 50%. My approach circumvents the generation of a pluripotent state and its inherent tumor forming potential. It provides essential insights into the underlying cellular mechanisms of stem cell and tissue renewal in the natural niches and offers the potential of these somatic precursors to regenerate injured or aged tissues.

Mots-clés : stem cells,in vivo reprogramming,organoids,high throughput liquid handling,tissue specific somatic stem cells,stem cell renewal,tissue regeneration,automated organoid cultures
Projet ERC : GENDHI (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Synergy grants)
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2835495.0 €

In all European countries, social inequalities in health remain pervasive. Much research has identified a number of social stratifiers of health while others have specified the role of the health care system in contributing to the evolution of health inequalities. However, gender, as a social relation of power between men and women, is rarely considered as a key determinant of health inequalities, and when it is, theoretical frameworks are rarely relevant. Furthermore, while social science studies generally ignore biological processes, sex differences in biomedical research are often interpreted as biologically irreducible. Our objective is to document and explain how gender intersects with other social hierarchies (social class and race/ethnicity) to produce social inequalities in health from early childhood to late adulthood. Adopting a life course perspective, we will examine two complementary research questions 1)"gendered embodied health" or how (un)healthy bodies are socially constructed, and 2) "gendered health care cascade" or how health-seeking behaviours and patterns of care are shaped by gender. Within this framework, we focus on hypertension and myocardial infarction, depression, Alzheimer’s disease and colorectal cancer. Our approach is resolutely multidisciplinary, associating social sciences and epidemiology, in close collaboration with clinicians. We develop triangulation analysis based on (i) secondary quantitative analysis of six large cross-sectional and cohort survey including biological markers and (ii) family monographies, interviews with youth, patients and health professionals and ethnographic observations of medical visits. The multiple working meetings to develop this project has firmed our conviction over the strength, innovative value and feasibility of this multidisciplinary, multi-method and multi-pathology project supported by four experienced researchers who are leaders in their field and internationally recognised.

Mots-clés : gender,health,inequalities,social classes,race ethnicity,lifecourse,mixed methods,ethnography,socialisation,embodiment,intersectionality
Projet ERC : GENDHI (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Synergy grants)
Entité participante : Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale — Pays : France — Rôle : CO-PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Inserm
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 5696639.0 €

In all European countries, social inequalities in health remain pervasive. Much research has identified a number of social stratifiers of health while others have specified the role of the health care system in contributing to the evolution of health inequalities. However, gender, as a social relation of power between men and women, is rarely considered as a key determinant of health inequalities, and when it is, theoretical frameworks are rarely relevant. Furthermore, while social science studies generally ignore biological processes, sex differences in biomedical research are often interpreted as biologically irreducible. Our objective is to document and explain how gender intersects with other social hierarchies (social class and race/ethnicity) to produce social inequalities in health from early childhood to late adulthood. Adopting a life course perspective, we will examine two complementary research questions 1)"gendered embodied health" or how (un)healthy bodies are socially constructed, and 2) "gendered health care cascade" or how health-seeking behaviours and patterns of care are shaped by gender. Within this framework, we focus on hypertension and myocardial infarction, depression, Alzheimer’s disease and colorectal cancer. Our approach is resolutely multidisciplinary, associating social sciences and epidemiology, in close collaboration with clinicians. We develop triangulation analysis based on (i) secondary quantitative analysis of six large cross-sectional and cohort survey including biological markers and (ii) family monographies, interviews with youth, patients and health professionals and ethnographic observations of medical visits. The multiple working meetings to develop this project has firmed our conviction over the strength, innovative value and feasibility of this multidisciplinary, multi-method and multi-pathology project supported by four experienced researchers who are leaders in their field and internationally recognised.

Mots-clés : gender,health,inequalities,social classes,race ethnicity,lifecourse,mixed methods,ethnography,socialisation,embodiment,intersectionality
Projet ERC : IRiMaS (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : Bath Spa University — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 81715.0 €

In an age when technology is revolutionizing the ways in which music is made and distributed, this project proposes correspondingly to transform approaches to musicology, moving from a primarily fixed, text-based approach to one that incorporates as an integral feature the interactive and aural. It brings skills and expertise from music technology to assist in the development of research strategies and software to enable musicological research to engage more directly with sound. It will pioneer a ground-breaking approach to music research in which dynamic interaction with sound is fundamental and music’s temporal and transient nature are central to research investigations and their dissemination, presenting a significant conceptual challenge to the traditional textual bias of much musical research and leading to new enhanced modes of musicological knowledge. Unlike current Digital Musicology, rather than using software primarily to extract quantized data, IRiMaS facilitates research through dynamic interactive engagement with sound. The interactive approach will be developed in the context of three Case Studies in specific areas where prioritizing the aural is of particular significance. The Case Studies will focus on Spectralism in the field of Contemporary ‘Art’ Music; Tracking the Creative Process in Free Improvisation; and Folk Songs in Performance in the field of Ethnomusicology. Each study will produce substantial ground-breaking musicological outcomes in the form of software packages (as is appropriate to the nature of the project) and associated articles discussing the approach taken. They will also assist in working towards the development of models and generic tools to help establish the wider adoption of this interactive approach. Building on the PI's previous experience in related areas, researchers from musicological and technical backgrounds will come together to help realize these ambitious aims.

Mots-clés : musicology,music technology,music analysis,contemporary music,ethnomusicology
Projet ERC : PALAEOSILKROAD (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : University of Tübingen — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1497643.0 €

In antiquity and the early Middle Ages, a network of trade routes known as the Silk Road connected east Asia and the Мiddle East. The Silk Road was not just an economic link, but also the avenue for cultural and even genetic exchanges between these regions. Recent genetic discoveries have hinted that such connections might have begun much earlier, during the Pleistocene. The Pleistocene period is of fundamental importance for human history. It is then that our ancestors evolved and colonised the entire Old World, surviving a suite of major extinction events – and they did so against a dramatic backdrop of ice ages and warmer interglacial phases which substantially altered their habitats. Conquering the extreme environments of arid central Asia to eventually settle the entire Asian mainland and beyond is one of the most impressive feats in this story. Unfortunately, there are too few known Pleistocene archaeological sites in central Asia to allow us to piece together when and how this happened. PALAEOSILKROAD will resolve this deficit by surveying central Asian mountain foothills as both corridors for human and animal movements and archives of past climate change. The project will discover new sites in the Tian Shan, Dzungar, and southern Altai foothills (Kazakhstan) and use them to examine if and how 1) humans were able to survive in the foothills throughout the last glacial cycle (110-11 500 years ago), and 2) periodic advances of mountain glaciers motivated dispersals, population segmentation, and behavioural adaptations. To address these questions, PALAEOSILKROAD will take an ambitious approach rooted in archaeology and contextualised by palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. The results of this project will change the way we understand human dispersals on a global scale and the resilience of early humans in the face of environmental challenges, providing a major missing link to explain how Homo sapiens became the only surviving species of our genus.

Mots-clés : geoarchaeology,archaeological survey
Projet ERC : See-1D-Qmatter (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Condensed matter physics
Entité participante : Weizmann Institute of Science — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2475000.0 €

In condensed matter physics there are several iconic predictions that have evaded experimental discovery for many decades. Well-known examples include the proposed fractionally-charged quasiparticles in one-dimension, the theorized quantum crystal of electrons, and the elusive Kondo cloud. These sought-after many-body states all share two key aspects underscoring why they are so hard to discover: They each involve a fragile quantum state of matter that is destroyed easily by disorder or elevated temperatures, and in each case the distinguishing fingerprint is encoded in their real-space structure, which is often difficult to probe directly. The discovery of such phases therefore requires two challenging experimental components: A superb material system in which these phases can be generated, and a novel real-space probe that can image their spatial structure, yet is minimally invasive as not to destroy them. Recently, we have developed a radically new approach for creating the state-of-the-art in both material systems and scanning probes, based on carbon nanotube devices of unprecedented complexity and cleanliness. With these components in place, we are poised to make the next quantum leap in technology by building a conceptually new experimental platform in which fragile quantum states of matter can be realized and studied microscopically: We will use a nanotube single-electron-transistor as a high-resolution, ultrasensitive scanning charge detector to non-invasively image an exotic quantum state within a second pristine nanotube. With this new platform we will thus be able to address several foundational questions in condensed matter physics (including those mentioned above) and unravel their underlying physics.

Mots-clés : scanning probe,nanotube,fractional charge,wigner crystal,one dimension,luttinger liquid,coulomb drag,exciton condensation,kondo effect,single electron transistor,quantum dots
Projet ERC : FAIR LIMITS (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : Utrecht University — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2000000.0 €

In contemporary normative political philosophy, questions of distributive justice have focused on meeting minimal needs of persons, prioritizing the worst-off and reducing inequalities. In philosophy, these views are called ‘sufficientarianism’, ‘prioritarianism’ and ‘egalitarianism’. The proposed project —Fair Limits— shifts the focus to ‘limitarianism’, the view that there should be upper limits on the distribution of valuable goods, and will investigate the plausibility of limitarianism in the area of economic and ecological resources. We will analyse whether such a view can be justified, that is, supported by robust philosophical argumentation, and what limitarian institutions could look like. Fair Limits will confront basic assumptions commonly used in liberal political philosophy, including claims about what account of the quality of life our social institutions should protect, which goods are scarce, the insatiability of human wants, the status of ecosystem resources, and the nature of the economic system and its distributive consequences. An important way in which the project examines these assumptions is to study the relevant arguments of non-liberal philosophers. The critiques of non-liberal philosophers on the liberal paradigm, in which Fair Limits is situated, will be actively solicited and will become an integral part of this project. Methodologically, Fair Limits will advance the state of the field by developing methods for applied or non-ideal political philosophy. This emerging paradigm asks not merely what the right normative principles are, but rather (1) what moral duties imply for political duties, (2) questions of transition (how we move to a less unjust world, and what role political philosophy should play in this process) and (3) who, in an unjust world, the agents of justice should be.

Mots-clés : theories of justice,distributive justice,economic inequality,climate ethics
Projet ERC : InStance (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Complexity
Entité participante : Italian Institute of Technology — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499937.0 €

In daily social interactions, we constantly attribute mental states, such as beliefs or intentions, to other humans – to understand and predict their behaviour. Today we also routinely interact with artificial agents: from Apple’s Siri to GPS navigation systems. In the near future, we will casually interact with robots. However, since we consider artificial agents to have no mental states, we tend to not attune socially with them in the sense of activating our mechanisms of social cognition. This is because it seems pointless to socially attune to something that does not carry social meaning (mental content) under the surface of an observed behaviour. INSTANCE will break new ground in social cognition research by identifying factors that influence attribution of mental states to others and social attunement with humans or artificial agents. The objectives of INSTANCE are to (1) determine parameters of others’ behaviour that make us attribute mental states to them, (2) explore parameters relevant for social attunement, (3) elucidate further factors – culture and experience – that influence attribution of mental states to agents and, thereby social attunement. INSTANCE’s objectives are highly relevant not only for fundamental research in social cognition, but also for the applied field of social robotics, where robots are expected to become humans’ social companions. Indeed, if we do not attune socially to artificial agents viewed as mindless machines, then robots may end up not working well enough in contexts where interaction is paramount. INSTANCE’s unique approach combining cognitive neuroscience methods with real-time human-robot interaction will address the challenge of social attunement between humans and artificial agents. Subtle features of robot behaviour (e.g., timing or pattern of eye movements) will be manipulated. The impact of such features on social attunement (e.g., joint attention) will be examined with behavioural, neural and physiological measures.

Mots-clés : social neuroscience,human robot interaction,social robotics
Projet ERC : DIVERSE-EXPECON (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : Tilburg University — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TiU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499046.0 €

In economics, a distinction is made between statistical and taste-based discrimination (henceforth, TBD). Statistical discrimination refers to discrimination in a context with strategic uncertainty. Someone who is uncertain about the future behaviour of a person with a different ethnicity may rely on information about the different ethnic group to which this person belongs to form beliefs about the behaviour of that person. This may lead to discrimination. TBD refers to discrimination in a context without strategic uncertainty. It implies suffering a disutility when interacting with ‘different’ others. This project systematically studies TBD in ethnically diverse societies. Identifying TBD is important because overcoming it requires different policies than overcoming statistical discrimination: they should deal with changing preferences of people rather than providing information about specific interaction partners. But identifying TBD is tricky. First, it is impossible to identify using uncontrolled empirical data because these data are characterised by strategic uncertainty. Second, people are generally reluctant to identify themselves as a discriminator. In the project, I study TBS using novel economic experiments that circumvent these problems. The project consists of three main objectives. First, I investigate whether and how preferences of European natives in social interactions depend on others’ ethnicity. Are natives as altruistic, reciprocal, envious to immigrants as compared to other natives? Second, I study whether natives have different fairness ideals—what constitutes a fair distribution of resources from the perspective of an impartial spectator—when it comes to natives than when it comes to non-natives. Third, I analyse whether preferences and fairness ideals depend on exposure to diversity: do preferences and fairness ideals of natives change as contact with non-natives increases, and, if so, how?

Mots-clés : discrimination,taste based discrimination,other regarding preferences,fairness ideals