Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : RESOUND (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Texts and Concepts
Entité participante : Instituto complutense de ciencias musicales — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : ICCMU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1216000.0 €

Plainchant, the sacred Christian chant, is the most ancient Western corpus preserved in musical notation. Before the unifying adoption of the Gregorian liturgy throughout Europe in the 9th century, a number of liturgical families –each one with its own chant repertoire– emerged in the ancient Western Roman provinces. Among them, the Hispanic liturgy was recorded –text and music– in manuscripts between ca. 700 and ca. 1300. These sources allow us to know the liturgy’s ceremonies and texts, but not the melodies themselves. In fact, notational signs do not indicate the specific intervals between the notes, since they were written prior to the use of a notational system in which each individual sign contains precise pitch information. As a consequence, the Hispanic musical notation is considered indecipherable and its thousands of melodies still remain silent.  RESOUND aims to achieve what has so far been considered an impossible task: bringing to life the sounds of Hispanic chant. To accomplish this goal, we will use tools from the fields of bioinformatics, genetics, computational analysis, aural architecture and virtual restoration of sound and images, along with tools from the humanities, including musical performance. Computational analysis aside, these tools have never been used in the study of medieval chant, let alone in combination. By recovering the sounds of Hispanic chant and establishing these innovative methods, we will be able to offer new understandings of the generative and evolutionary dynamics of the European plainchant repertoires. In this way, we will not only recuperate the Hispanic melodies, but also restore a significant part of the soundscape of medieval Europe. Thus, by reversing the standard approach via focusing on a territory considered peripheral, we will shed new light on the process of cultural creation in the European Middle Ages.

Mots-clés : digital humanities,big data,computational analysis,plainchant,medieval music,creation processes
Projet ERC : PLARNASENS (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Integrative B iology : from Genes and Genomes to S ystems
Entité participante : Université de Copenhague — Pays : Danemark — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : KU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2475596.0 €

Elimination of foreign nucleic acids is key to host survival and reproduction. Long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) in the cytoplasm is used to distinguish viral from host genetic material, and several metazoan dsRNA receptors elicit innate immune responses upon binding to dsRNA. Plants are thought to rely exclusively on RNA interference (RNAi) to eliminate RNA with double-stranded features. Two DICER-LIKE (DCL) enzymes, DCL4 and DCL2, act redundantly to cleave dsRNA into small interfering RNAs that in turn program RNA Induced Silencing Complexes to silence viral RNA using base pairing as specificity determinant. Our recent work shows that this view of plant innate antiviral immunity is incomplete. DCL4 has a dedicated role in RNAi, while DCL2 also mediates dsRNA sensing when DCL4-mediated RNAi has been defeated by viral anti-RNAi factors. dsRNA cleavage by DCL2 leads to activation of at least two nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) intracellular immune receptors that act in series, not in parallel, to initiate signalling that ultimately establishes an immune state. This proposal launches unbiased screening approaches and tests specific hypotheses to answer four questions on this recently discovered plant dsRNA sensing pathway. (1) What is the nature of the molecular entity produced by DCL2 that is recognized by the sensor NLR? (2) How is activation of the sensor NLR linked to activation of the downstream signaling NLR? (3) Does DCL4-mediated RNAi and DCL2-mediated sensing occur in the same or in distinct cells, and where in the cell does DCL2-mediated dsRNA sensing occur? (4) How do viruses circumvent innate immune activation via DCL2-mediated dsRNA sensing? Answers to these questions represent a leap forward in our understanding of plant-virus interactions, with substantial impact in agrotechnology. The answers also deliver broad conceptual advances on how RNAi components are linked to immune signalling, and how NLR signalling operates molecularly.

Mots-clés : plant innate immunity,rna interference
Projet ERC : Urban Frontiers (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Human Mobility, Environment, and Space
Entité participante : Université de Copenhague — Pays : Danemark — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : KU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2317687.5 €

No land, that government and developers see as future cities in the Global South, is vacant. There is no empty ‘no-man’s land.’ Individual citizens, social movements, squatters, and urban developers already engage in making their land use look legal. Urban property development in the Global South often starts out in illegality. Only subsequently does it become legal. This project explains how?  Mainstream research on the Global South sees urban land in technical terms of rapid urbanization, and the challenges of providing sufficient housing, infrastructure, and service. Yet, if we fail to understand the significance of institutional transformation of urban land, we will not understand the future political landscape in the Global South, as landed property is the pivot around which government and citizenship turn. With this project, I develop and combine two new concepts to explain how people - and not just the state - code access to land and then conjure up legality for facts already existing on the ground. Coding is rulemaking, whereas legalization gives a rule the quality of law. A rule’s quality as law is not intrinsic to the rule itself, but something attributed to it in social and political interaction. Governments make laws, but the originality of the present project lies in determining how multiple actors aim to make their land claims appear legal as if they were sanctioned and approved by state and law.  My team and I will collect material evidence (record artefacts from archives, material structures, physical markers and signs, boundaries, and documents and other expressions not produced directly for us) and ethnographic testimonies (from residents, land users, civil servants, lawyers, politicians, and developers) to establish how illegal land use is made to look legal.  Nine conflicts-case studies will be conducted in peri-urban areas of cities in Asia, Africa, and Latin America by 1 prof (PI), 3 assoc. profs, 3 postdocs and 3 PhDs.

Mots-clés : property,urban,frontier
Projet ERC : Dust2Planets (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Universe Sciences
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2487721.0 €

Exoplanets are frequent around Solar-like stars, as shown by Large Surveys. They are formed by the growth of dust and accumulation of gas contained in protoplanetary disks surrounding young stars. To form planets, the classic Core-Accretion scenario is the main framework today, but it appears to be too slow given the short lifetimes of disks. Theoretical additions to Core-Accretion exist to speed it up. They all hypothesize that disks contain a massive, dense, and flat layer of pebbles in the midplane. The validation of these scenarios will be impossible as long as the disk properties remain uncertain. The first objective of this project is to provide the first direct observational constraints (mass, vertical extent, radius) for this midplane pebble layer. Specifically, an original imaging programme for Edge-On disks will be combined with dedicated hydrodynamical models of vertical dust settling, taking into account dust evolution and dust-gas dynamics. This is very demanding. The second objective is to identify the shape of dust in young disks and pin down their growth mechanisms. This major advance is also crucial because the structure of dust governs the dust-gas dynamics (via collision and drag cross-sections) as well as the scattering properties needed to compare data and models. To meet this goal, we will extract the scattering properties (phase function, polarisation) from high resolution images and use a unique micro-wave analogy experiment. Complex analog particles will be fabricated, measured, and compared with data to ultimately reveal the structure of dust in disks. All these results, combined in the final objective, will lead to a major leap towards a deep understanding of dust growth and early planet assembly in protoplanetary disks. Dust2Planets has the potential to overcome two long-standing obstacles in early planetesimal assembly: how dust overcomes the radial-drift and fragmentation barriers to form planetesimals.

Mots-clés : formation of stars and planets observations and models of protoplanetary disks radiative transfer dust properties micro wave analogy experiment
Projet ERC : TRANCIDS (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Systems and Communication Engineering
Entité participante : Université Bilkent — Pays : Turquie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : BİLKENT
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2410000.0 €

Insertions and deletions represent perhaps the most challenging impairments exhibited by communication channels in a wide range of applications from recording systems and covert communications to DNA storage. While tremendous progress has been made in determining the ultimate limits of communication using information-theoretic tools as well as in designing and implementing signaling solutions for various channel models with practical significance; for the case of insertion/deletion channels, even the simple scenarios are not fully understood. For instance, we do even not know the capacity of the basic independent and identically distributed binary deletion channel. TRANCIDS will take on the monumental challenge of conquering the insertions and deletions by developing precise theoretical limits of communication and by designing explicit and implementable coding solutions approaching these limits. Specifically, TRANCIDS will 1) establish with precision the capacity of basic deletion/insertion channels, and obtain tight upper and lower bounds on the capacities of more sophisticated channel models encountered in practice (including the effects of noise and interference); 2) formulate and explore wireless communication problems with insertions and deletions (including multi-input and multi-output systems as well as different multi-user communications settings); 3) develop explicit and implementable channel coding solutions for a variety of channel models with insertions and deletions of practical importance; 4) address the channel capacity and code design problems for channels with additional impairments such as permutations as motivated by in-vivo DNA storage applications. TRANCIDS will highly impact different emerging applications such as DNA storage and beyond 5G wireless communications. Furthermore, the findings will help facilitate the development of DNA computing technologies of the future.

Mots-clés : channel coding,information theory,channel capacity,insertion deletion channels,dna storage,recording channels
Projet ERC : VITAL ELEMENTS (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Soci al World and Its Interactions
Entité participante : Université de Sousse — Pays : Tunisie — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UC
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 86718.75 €

For more than a decade, the dead bodies of people who had hoped to cross the Mediterranean have been washing ashore on the beaches of Zarzis, a coastal town in southern Tunisia. This research program starts out from the question: How did these bodies end up here?  While in Europe people who are adrift may be seen as evidence of a “migration crisis,” from the African side of the Mediterranean they point to the chronic, (neo-)colonial depletion of livelihoods. To map how life is enduringly made unliveable, this program develops the method of forensics as the art of paying attention. This method will allow us to trail exemplary vital elements—resources crucial for fostering life and livelihood—and the relations between them. Our cases include: the extraction of phosphate, the fishing of sea sponges, the cultivation of tomatoes, the extraction of water, and the leaving behind of industrial waste.  To better understand the complexity of, and material semiotic relations between, vital elements, we focus on Zarzis as a nodal point. This will make it possible for team members to visit each other’s sites and to work together in a Method Lab as well as to collaborate with local artists who will help to sensitise us to local concerns in a Vital Elements Atelier.  The research program is innovative in three ways: it (1) contributes to a decolonial shift of attention from the “migration crisis” befalling Europe to the “chronic depletion of life” afflicting Africa; (2) develops the method of forensics as an art of paying attention to ethnographically study the complexity of, and the relations between, vital elements and the ways they impact on living and dying; (3) advances the concept of vital elements for materialities that are active, make connections and foster life, or spur on death.

Mots-clés : postcolonial science and technology studies ethnographic forensics as a social science method material semiotics depletion of livelihoods tunisia
Projet ERC : HYPER (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer Science and Informatics
Entité participante : Helmholtz Center for Information Security — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CISPA
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2227500.0 €

The central role of information technology in all aspects of our private and professional lives has led to a fundamental change in the type of program properties we care about. Up to now, the focus has been on functional correctness; in the future, requirements that reflect our societal values, like privacy, fairness, The central role of information technology in all aspects of our private and professional lives has led to a fundamental change in the type of program properties we care about. Up to now, the focus has been on functional correctness; in the future, requirements that reflect our societal values, like privacy, fairness, and explainability will be far more important. These properties belong to the class of hyperproperties, which represent sets of sets of execution traces and can therefore specify the relationship between different computations of a reactive system. Previous work has focussed on individual hyperproperties like noninterference or restricted classes such as k-hypersafety; this project sets out to develop a unified theory for general hyperproperties. We will develop a formal specification language and effective algorithms for logical reasoning, verification, and program synthesis. The central idea is to use the type and alternation structure of the logical quantifiers, ranging from classic first-order and second-order quantification to quantifiers over rich data domains and quantitative operators for statistical analysis, as the fundamental structure that partitions the broad concept of hyperproperties into specific property classes; each particular class is then supported by algorithms that provide a uniform solution for all the properties within the class. The project will bring the analysis of hyperproperties to the level of traditional notions of safety and reliability, and provide a rigorous foundation for the debate about standards for privacy, fairness, and explainability that future software-based systems will be measured against.

Mots-clés : hyperproperties,logical specification,formal verification,monitoring,program synthesis,privacy,fairness,explainability
Projet ERC : MADCAM (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Immunity, Infection and I mmunotherapy
Entité participante : Institut Gustave Roussy — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : IGR
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2487834.0 €

Resistance of cancers to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) can result from a deviated taxonomic composition of the intestinal microbiota. A surge in the Enterocloster genus, for instance following discontinuation of antibiotics or chronic inflammation caused by tumors, induces the downregulation of MAdCAM-1 in the ileal lamina propria and mesenteric lymph nodes through perturbations of biliary salts. In turn, the ileal MAdCAM-1 loss induces the exodus of immunosuppressive T lymphocytes expressing the MAdCAM-1 receptor α4β7, i.e., FoxP3+ RAR-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt+) regulatory (Tr17) cells, from the gut to distant tumors. Disruption of the MAdCAM-1–α4β7 axis compromises the efficacy of immunotherapy and reprograms the tumor microenvironment towards a regulatory phenotype. Moreover, serum soluble MAdCAM-1 is a proxy of intestinal dysbiosis and a robust predictor of survival in cancer patients treated with ICB. To decipher the biological significance of these findings, we will first investigate the transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms regulating MAdCAM-1 expression and function (Task 1), in particular neuroendocrine and metabolic cues. Next, a comprehensive phenotyping of the emigrating enterotropic T cells reaching the tumor by single cell transcriptomics and genomics, as well as specific genetic and immunopharmacological intervention on T lymphocytes and cancer cells will lead to the identification of the molecular mechanisms regulating the gut-tumor axis (Task 2). We will investigate how enterotropic T cells homing to cancers maintain their proliferative and suppressive capacities, in particular in the light of the recognition of tumor and/or commensal antigens (Task 3). Altogether, this approach will lay the molecular and metabolic foundations governing the MAdCAM-1–α4β7 gut immune checkpoint

Mots-clés : microbiota,cancer
Projet ERC : Immuno-OCT (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Systems and Communication Engineering
Entité participante : Amsterdam University Medical Centers — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 113750.0 €

Current clinical medicine relies on MRI and CT for structural imaging, and immuno-PET/SPECT for molecular specificity. The combination of structural imaging and molecular specific imaging provides detailed information about expression of proteins and cell surface receptors in vivo in humans. PET-CT/MRI has become an essential component of personalized medicine. However, the resolution of MRI/CT is just under a millimeter, while the resolution of PET is limited to about 2-10 millimeters, insufficient for early disease detection. Moreover, PET is associated with radiation burden of ligands labeled with a radiotracer and can image only one labeled ligand at a time. What is missing is the ability to image in vivo with much higher resolution, and to image multiple molecular targets and molecular interactions simultaneously. I propose to develop the optical equivalent of PET- CT/MRI with a 10 to 100 fold better resolution. To reach this goal I will integrate three-dimensional endoscopic Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) for structural information with depth resolved imaging of fluorescently labeled monoclonal antibodies for molecular specificity. To image the hollow organs accessible by endoscopy, I will develop the immuno-OCT technology integrated with miniature motorized catheters and the multi-fiber detection technology for depth resolved fluorescence determination for endoscopic immuno-OCT in catheters as small as 1.5 mm diameter. I will focus on esophageal cancer and lung disease. The proposed research has a much broader impact, creating a platform to study in detail therapy-tissue interactions longitudinally in vivo in patients, providing in vivo information approaching immunohistochemistry analysis. This approach will revolutionize the diagnosis and treatment of patients with a resolution approaching immunohistology at high speed over large volumes using minimally invasive technologies.

Mots-clés : medical imaging optical coherence tomography molecular contrast minimally invasive endoscopy fluorescent markers
Projet ERC : NeurImmKisses (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Immunity, Infection and I mmunotherapy
Entité participante : Champalimaud Foundation — Pays : Portugal — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 3500000.0 €

Maintenance of health requires the coordination of multiple cellular networks. For example, the immune and nervous systems cooperate to regulate tissue homeostasis. In agreement, our recent work demonstrates that innate lymphoid cells (ILC) integrate neuronal signals to control tissue health and immunity. These findings are provoking a paradigm shift in our understanding of the immune response, neuroimmune crosstalk and its potential therapeutic value. Nevertheless, the dynamics of neuroimmune modalities remain elusive, and progress in the field has been hindered by the lack of approaches to explore the identity and plasticity of neuroimmune interactions in vivo.  Here, we hypothesise that dynamic circuitry codes orchestrate neuro-ILC2 interactions and disease outcomes. To test this hypothesis, we have developed a set of disruptive intercellular labelling neuroimmune toolboxes that we termed KISS and LIPSTIC, and which can probe the dynamics of neuro-ILC2 axes in vivo, with cellular specificity and single-cell resolution. Using these innovative platforms, we plan to unravel the architecture of pulmonary neuro-ILC2 circuits and to define cellular identities, outcomes, and plasticity at the neuroimmune interface. Sequentially, we propose to unravel unappreciated neuro-ILC2 synaptic communication and to define the ultrastructure of theses intercellular entities using high-resolution imaging. Finally, by conditionally harnessing the activity of synaptic neuronal partners during airway inflammation and infection, we will investigate their impact on ILC2, their environment, and on disease progression.  Together, these experiments will tackle multiple facets of pioneer, frontier questions, bringing to bear an array of cutting-edge technologies to address and advance, with unprecedented mechanistic and conceptual detail, how the neuroimmune interactome unfolds, in health and disease.

Mots-clés : innate lymphoid cells mucosal immunology neuroimmune interactions intercellular labelling systems