Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : MOSE (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental Constituents of Matter
Entité participante : École internationale supérieure d'études avancées — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : SISSA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2404715.0 €

Symmetry and entanglement stand as two foundational concepts in modern quantum physics that have revolutionised our understanding of quantum many-body systems. Their interplay is becoming a central theme in contemporary quantum research, influencing a broad spectrum of fields including quantum information, condensed matter theory, and high-energy physics.  The MOSE project sets out to develop new theoretical frameworks to explore how entanglement and symmetries interact with each other. We will investigate various scenarios, such as the restoration of symmetries in monitored quantum circuits, the entanglement properties of supersymmetric spin chains, and the dynamics of gauge symmetries in lattice gauge theories. Our approach incorporates advanced theoretical frameworks like generalised hydrodynamics and space-time duality. We also delve into entanglement asymmetry in black hole evaporation, providing fresh perspectives on the black hole information paradox. Additionally, the project will explore the quantum and classical Mpemba effect through symmetry restoration, aiming to uncover new connections between quantum and classical dynamics. The overarching theme throughout this proposal is the monitoring of symmetries through the lens of entanglement.  Finally, we will leverage the randomised measurement toolbox to examine the experimental implications of all our findings. This process will involve designing new experiments and collaborating with leading experimental groups to validate some of our theoretical predictions. This interdisciplinary effort promises to deepen our understanding of fundamental quantum phenomena and their implications for future quantum devices.

Mots-clés : entanglement,symmetries,non equilibrium dynamics of quantum systems,conformal field theory,
Projet ERC : SilentFlame (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing
Entité participante : Société Max-Planck pour le développement des sciences — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Société Max Planck
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2500000.0 €

The last century has seen a dramatic increase in the prevalence of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune illnesses, including diseases of poorly understood etiology such as Crohn’s disease (CD) and myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME). Recent reports for CD and ME of elevated levels of antibodies against flagellins made by Lachnospiraceae (Lachno), which are usually associated with health, suggest a common breakdown of immune tolerance. My laboratory recently discovered a new class of flagellin that we termed “silent” because it binds the innate immune receptor TLR5 without inducing a response. Many Lachno species, which are highly abundant and prevalent in the human gut microbiome, encode silent flagellins. We have observed that silent flagellin is highly targeted by antibodies in CD and ME. We hypothesize that the usage of silent flagellins by Lachnos and their reciprocal interactions with host immunity sustain inflammation in the gut and may drive auto-immunity. In SilentFlame, we will explore the breadth of the antibody response against Lachno flagellins in a panel of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, as well as potential cross-reactivity with human proteins. In parallel, we will investigate the enigmatic role of silent flagellin in bacterial colonization of the gut and host adaptive immune responses, both in homeostasis and inflammation. To do so, we will establish new genetic systems for two Lachno bacteria commonly associated with human health and perform experiments in a germfree transgenic mouse line expressing the human TLR5, as well as human intestinal organoids to account for human specific effects. This research will advance basic understanding of host-microbe reciprocal interactions in homeostasis and chronic inflammation. The knowledge gained will enable the development of targeted therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring balance and ameliorating the conditions that arise when this delicate equilibrium is disrupted.

Mots-clés : autoimmunity diseases,inflammation,lachnospiraceae,flaggelin,mucosal homeostasis
Projet ERC : H-SPECTR (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental Constituents of Matter
Entité participante : Société Max-Planck pour le développement des sciences — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Société Max Planck
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2500000.0 €

Discrepancies between theory and experiments have been fueling the development of physics. Today, Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) is the most accurate theory and served as a blueprint for all subsequent field theories. Physics beyond the Standard Model must exist as we know from observations of the cosmos. It is likely to be found where no one has looked before, i.e., at very large energies, high sensitivity, or high precision. To progress with the so-called precision frontier, high resolution spectroscopy of atomic hydrogen and hydrogen-like systems continues to play a decisive role because their simplicity. Testing QED means to verify the consistency of parameters that enter this theory as they are obtained from as many different measurements as possible. Spectroscopic data also provides the input for the determination of the best values for the fundamental constants. The largest leverage for the determination of the Rydberg constant is currently due to the 1S-3S transition frequency that we want to improve in the framework of this proposal. A second apparatus provides a cold metastable 2S beam of atomic hydrogen and deuterium. This will be used in a series of measurements between the 2S and nP states as well as two-photon transitions between 2S and nS/nD states (with n=3…10). The same apparatus can be used to remeasure the 1S-2S transition frequency as an improved result from anti-hydrogen is expected. The work with the spectrometers builds on proven technologies. To go further we are proposing a method to trap atomic hydrogen in an optical dipole trap that operates at the magic wavelength. The proposed scheme avoids a cooling laser and will not be more complex than existing optical lattice clocks. It could eliminate all leading systematics for the above-mentioned transitions. Moreover, it could be employed as a computable clock to redefine the SI by fixing the value of the Rydberg constant. The new SI system would then be based exclusively on defined constants.

Mots-clés : fundamental physics,precision measurements
Projet ERC : MITOPORE (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Molecules of Life: B iological  Mechanisms , Structures  and Functions
Entité participante : Société Max-Planck pour le développement des sciences — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Société Max Planck
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2493750.0 €

Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles involved in key biological processes such as metabolism, calcium homeostasis and cell death. A major role of mitochondria in inflammation, a mechanism of innate immunity against tissue damage, has been recently recognized. Due to their proteobacterial origin, certain mitochondrial matrix contents can act as potent immune agonists when exposed to the cytosol. Hence, knowing the dynamics and molecular architecture of the mitochondrial pores mediating the release of these mitochondrial contents is crucial for understanding the role of mitochondria in inflammation. While in apoptosis BAX and BAK proteins form pores at the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM), the components and mechanisms that regulate the permeabilization of the mitochondrial inner membrane (MIM) remain unknown. MITOPORE aims to unravel the identity, dynamic architecture and regulation of the pores that permeabilize the MIM and to understand how they control mitochondria-driven inflammation. We will reach this goal by building on our expertise in membrane biology and advanced imaging to: 1) Identify the mediators and regulators as well as the physical forces controlling MIM pores with complexome profiling and image-based biophysical analysis. 2) Define their contribution to anti-mitochondria immunogenicity through activation of intracellular immune receptors and communication with the tissue microenvironment in cellular and in vivo models. 3) Determine the assembly dynamics and molecular structure of MIM pores and their regulators by combining single particle and super-resolution imaging and advanced electron microscopies. MITOPORE is expected to provide textbook knowledge about the mitochondrial contribution to inflammation. The established workflows will open new avenues for membrane and organelle biology research. Ultimately, understanding the structure/function of MIM pores holds promise to guide the development of modulators against inflammatory diseases.
Projet ERC : SAHAJ (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Materials Engineering
Entité participante : Société Max-Planck pour le développement des sciences — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Société Max Planck
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 3108441.0 €

Spintronics is anticipated to replace current semiconductor-based memories and sensors based on fast-operating times (< ns) and low power consumption (<pJ per read/write operation). The spintronic devices typically consist of a magnetoresistive junction with a free ferromagnet/oxide barrier or non-magnet/pinned ferromagnet trilayer and may suffer from edge-domain formation and leakage current through the barrier by further miniaturisation (<10 nm in cell diameter). To avoid such obstacles, antiferromagnetic spintronics has recently been developed by introducing spin-orbit torque which can reduce the power consumption by over two orders of magnitude but contain critical raw materials. In this transformative project, we aim to develop a ferrimagnetic Heusler-alloy film, in which the magnetic properties will be controlled by substituting the constituent element to achieve compensated ferrimagnetism (effectively the same as antiferromagnetism) sandwiched by weak and strong ferrimagnet in a single-step deposition. This will be achieved based on our Heusler-alloy database developed recently through existing collaborations. The selected alloy(s) without using critical raw materials will be grown by dedicated combinatorial sputtering under low pressure and characterised by conventional structural and magnetic analysis as well as non-destructive imaging we have developed and synchrotron-beam imaging at the Paul Scherrer Institute. Such atomic engineering can offer a new way for material development for low-power electronics. The simplified growth process for a junction without any interfacial scattering is adoptable for future spintronic devices as will be demonstrated using the 200-mm-wafer production line at IMEC by the end of this project. Hence this proposed project will reveal both fundamental magnetic coupling in a ferrimagnetic alloy and atomic control of the alloy for new growth process, which can revolutionalise spintronic device production.

Mots-clés : heusler alloys,ferrimagnetism,atom substitution
Projet ERC : UPSmeetMet (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Molecules of Life: B iological  Mechanisms , Structures  and Functions
Entité participante : Société Max-Planck pour le développement des sciences — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Société Max Planck
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2089688.0 €

Cellular metabolites are essential components of life processes, and their import, biosynthesis, and enzymatic conversion are regulated by a wealth of pathways. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays a major role in ensuring that key metabolic regulators are maintained at proper levels, to control concentrations of ions, carbohydrates, amino acids, cofactors, and lipids. In particular, the activities and localization of critical ubiquitination enzymes (E3 ligases) and the proteasome must be tightly regulated to ensure that degradation is restricted to proteins that are unwanted, superfluous, or toxic, while sparing those proteins needed for ongoing metabolic functions. Nonetheless, we have limited knowledge of fundamental structural and cellular mechanisms underlying this regulation, and the extent of crosstalk between E3 ligases and metabolic signals. The main aim of this proposal is to decipher molecular principles underlying crosstalk between ubiquitination and metabolites at large. By using time-resolved cryo EM, single-molecule biophysics, cell-based mutagenesis screens and functional studies, we will provide insights into how E3 ligases regulate key mediators of glucose, ion, and lipid homeostasis (Aim 1). To further increase knowledge of the breadth and depth of crosstalk between metabolic pathways and the UPS, we will use our toolkit of E3 ligases and probes to define regulatory interactions between a wide swath of metabolites and E3 ligases, and to identify E3s activated upon switches in metabolic conditions (Aim 2). Moreover, we will explore how E3 ligases and proteasomes are reorganized at an ultrastructural level inside cells to respond to starvation or nutrient-rich conditions (Aim 3). Taken together, these interdisciplinary approaches will establish a framework to translate conceptual and technical advances across molecular, structural, cell biological and systems levels, to broadly illuminate coordination between metabolic signals and the UPS.

Mots-clés : ubiquitin e3 ligase ubiquitin proteasome system molecular mechanisms of signalling processes metabolic enzymes metabolites
Projet ERC : NPCvalve (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Molecules of Life: B iological  Mechanisms , Structures  and Functions
Entité participante : Société Max-Planck pour le développement des sciences — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Société Max Planck
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2117500.0 €

Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are fundamental components of all eukaryotic cells. They fuse the inner and outer nuclear membranes and form channels across the nuclear envelope. Their canonical function as gatekeepers of the nucleus and facilitators of nucleocytoplasmic exchange is well established. I hypothesize that NPCs fulfil yet another fundamental function as self-regulating valves for flux across the nuclear envelope that occurs in response to mechanical stress. This yet underappreciated function may be of utmost importance to prevent rupture of the nuclear envelope and thus to protect the genomic integrity in cells that are exposed to mechanical stress. I present preliminary data indicating that NPC conformation responds to mechanical force exerted onto the nuclear envelope with dilation and constriction. Cryo-electron tomography, live cell imaging, and genetic perturbation will be used jointly with structural modelling to investigate on a holistic scale how NPC diameter and nuclear envelope tension impact on flux across the nuclear envelope. In the proposed project I will demonstrate that besides their known function as transport channels the NPCs serve an important role as shock adsorbers for mechanical stress impacting the nucleus. The research proposed here will enhance our understanding of how cells deal with acute mechanical stress which is relevant for cell migration, metastasis, mechanically active tissues and cell differentiation.

Mots-clés : nuclear pore complexes,nuclear envelope,membrane biology,nucleocytoplasmic transport
Projet ERC : CancerEpigenome (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Integrative B iology : from Genes and Genomes to S ystems
Entité participante : Société Max-Planck pour le développement des sciences — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Société Max Planck
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2487500.0 €

DNA methylation is a tightly controlled mechanism that is essential for normal development and genome regulation. Although maintained in a highly static pattern across healthy tissues, DNA methylation is globally reprogrammed in nearly all malignant cancers, including gains at thousands of gene promoters and global loss across large domains. Substantial work from our group to characterize multiple primary tumor cohorts, transgenic animal models, and cancer cell lines finds that current experimental systems rarely, if ever, capture key features of the cancer epigenome. In contrast, our parallel efforts to understand epigenetic dynamics in development suggest an alternative, highly innovative hypothesis with a clear path for investigation. We find that the epigenetic alterations in cancer very closely mirror patterns that emerge in the early placenta, a tissue that naturally acquires invasive, immune suppressive, angiogenic, metabolically plastic and mutationally tolerant properties. Notably, this cancer-like epigenome depends on dynamic, previously undiscovered configurations of regulators that can be triggered without genetic mutation. With these insights, we have innovated tractable in vitro and in vivo platforms to dissect the biochemical, genetic, and physiological properties of this unique form of genome regulation as it supports developmental processes. We believe these efforts will demonstrate that the placenta and by extrapolation the cancer epigenome reflect a switch-like reprogramming event that can be studied at high resolution. In line with the ERC-ADG program’s goals, we will pursue ambitious and critical questions, resolve long-standing paradoxes and provide a complete model of epigenetic transformation in development with direct disease implications. Our world-class interdisciplinary team, extensive preliminary data, experimental design and proven track-record will enable us to turn this grant into high-impact and translationally relevant discoveries.

Mots-clés : placental biology,extra embryonic lineages,dna methylation,cancer
Projet ERC : DISKS-ROCK (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Universe Sciences
Entité participante : Université de Groningue — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : RUG
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2498632.0 €

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) now peers for the first time into the rocky planet birth environments around Solar-type (T Tauri - TT) and Very Low Mass stars (VLMS) with ages of 1-4 Myr. The data shows that disk gas around TT stars is oxygen-rich, while it is carbon-rich around VLMS; yet they formed inside the same molecular cloud. VLMS are the most abundant stars in the galaxy, hosting most rocky exoplanets known to date, making them key targets to search for life. Yet today, it is paramount that we understand what causes this apparent difference, and the implications for the composition of forming planets and their evolution. JWST mid-infrared spectra contain a forest of molecular emissions which carries the complete information (gas and solids) about the planet forming environment in a complex way. The overarching aim of DISKS-ROCK is to thus characterize the current planet birth environments across stellar mass and to constrain disk evolution during the early build-up phase of rocky planets. I will draw from my expertise in thermo-chemical disk modeling, chemistry and mid-infrared spectroscopy to develop a novel, consistent and comprehensive 2D modeling framework to decipher the evolution that led to the apparent differences in gas composition between TT and VLMS. The key to fully exploit JWST data lies in quantifying how disk substructure formation, transport processes from the outer disk, and gas and dust chemical interaction shape the molecular emission spectra of the inner disks. DISKS-ROCK will characterize the current birth environment of planets and constrain disk evolution during the early build-up phase of rocky planets for a statistically relevant sample of ~50 disks. This will establish whether planets around VLMS and TT stars assemble from the same material and follow similar evolution paths. The results of DISKS-ROCK will put our own Earth into the larger galactic context and provide crucial input to future missions searching for life.

Mots-clés : astrochemistry planet forming disks t tauri stars very low mass stars
Projet ERC : DiLaDi (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Compl exity
Entité participante : Elte nyelvtudományi kutatóközpont — Pays : Hongrie — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1257500.0 €

DiLaDi is an interdisciplinary project that aims to perform a novel comprehensive study on the variation of the Latin Language over the 1st millennium A.D. considering the geographical and chronological perspectives as well as the transition from Latin to Romance by processing and analysing textual errors (deviations from the norm) of ancient and early medieval primary documents with the help of the Computerized Historical Linguistic Database of Latin Inscriptions of the Imperial Age (LLDB) that employs a revolutionary method of data analysis. DiLaDi aims to give a breakthrough impetus to relevant research by involving a group of sources that have so far not been adequately considered in research: original parchment charters of private law from mostly the 7th-8th centuries, that are available in large numbers and are very rich in data reflecting linguistic changes, the involvement of which could open up further perspectives for the research of history and dialectology of late Latin based on working with a Database which has so far relied mainly on inscriptions. The project plan will be implemented by a 10-person research group with the help of a large data collection team in international collaboration. Within the project framework, at least 50,000 new data forms will be added to the unique LLDB Database, while results will be disseminated through the organisation of 5 international workshops, the delivery of at least 50 lectures, and the publication of 50 studies and 1 monograph; at the same time, potential future collaborators will be educated in at least 5 university courses, while the scientific advancement of the participating researchers will be ensured by the submission of 3 PhD theses and 1 habilitation thesis. As a result, this research will allow for a better understanding of the processes that led to the development of Romance languages and determined the linguistic, ethnic, and even cultural features of medieval and modern Europe.

Mots-clés : latin linguistics,vulgar latin,latin parchments,papyri and inscriptions,dialectology,historical linguistics,digital database