Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : ECOINT (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : European University Institute — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : EUI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2342600.0 €

Today globalization, the integration of the world's economies, is blamed for crises of corporate excess, gaping economic inequality and revived populist nationalisms; to understand its complex history is more pressing than ever. ECOINT advances an innovative approach to the study of the struggles over economic ideas that have fashioned the paths to globalization. It shifts our focus from international economic thought as an unanchored field of ideas, to ‘international economic thinking’, generated in and through institutional sites distinctive to the 20th century: intergovernmental organisations and associated international non-governmental organisations. ECOINT adds to the history of globalization important but understudied economic thinkers, namely mid-level and ‘non-intellectual’ intellectuals, many of them women, working with and in these organizations, from 1919 until 2001. Hence, ECOINT provides a nuanced history of twentieth century international economic thinking and imaginaries, while making a unique contribution to understanding of the international 20th century. Above and beyond, ECOINT will ask: What difference did women economic thinkers make in the course of globalization? And what was the role of business, operating through INGOs? Using largely neglected private and public archives, ECOINT will produce a capstone global history of international economic thinking, and social history of women economic thinkers in international institutions. It will capture the extent and breadth of international economic thinking at major IGOs— particularly the UN Regional Economic Commissions in Europe, Latin America, Asia and the Pacific, and Africa—and the INGOs the International Federation of Business and Professional Women and International Chamber of Commerce. Within five years, ECOINT will have mapped the range of international economic thinking, the impact of women and business in the complex history of globalization.

Mots-clés : international,women,globalization
Projet ERC : PARQ (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer science and informatics
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 123750.0 €

Today's digital world creates many security and privacy issues. But cryptography, a pillar of cybersecurity, is facing two major challenges. The first challenge is the threat of quantum computers, fueled by massive investment worldwide. Shor showed that a quantum computer can break the most prevalent forms of public-key cryptography used every day by e-commerce and bitcoins. This threat is now taken seriously by governmental organizations: the NIST initiated in 2016 a process to standardize by 2024 public-key cryptographic algorithms resistant to quantum computers. The second challenge is new environments, such as big data, IoT, or crypto-currencies. Because classical cryptography no longer suffices for these applications, novel cryptographic schemes and functionalities have been developed, e.g. to allow anyone to compute with encrypted data. But these benefits come at the cost of security uncertainty: it requires more risky assumptions and makes it more difficult to select parameters with confidence. Worryingly, the past few years have seen several established cryptographic assumptions collapse. Lattices are mathematical objects which have emerged in the past twenty years as the key technique to respond to these challenges: the ongoing standardization of homomorphic encryption and the majority of the candidates to NIST's post-quantum standardization rely on the conjectured hardness of lattice problems. This proposal aims at readying lattice-based cryptography for real-world deployment, by protecting it against the most powerful adversaries, from ASIC farms to quantum computers. We will study the best parallel and quantum algorithms for lattice problems, and derive automated tools to select safe parameters. The proposal will use the renowned expertise of the PI in lattice algorithms and cryptanalysis to explore the quantum frontiers of cryptanalysis.

Mots-clés : lattices,public key cryptography,quantum algorithms,parallel algorithms
Projet ERC : EUROLITHIC (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : Leiden University — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499578.0 €

Today, Europe’s linguistic landscape is shaped almost entirely by a single language family: Indo-European. Even by the dawn of history, a patchwork of Indo-European subgroups, Germanic, Celtic, Italic, Baltic, Slavic and Greek, was covering the continent, and over the centuries, these subgroups evolved into the modern European languages, among which Russian, Italian, German, Lithuanian and Swedish, as well as the global lingua francas French, Spanish, and English. The Indo-Europeanization of Europe was probably one of the most profound linguistic shifts ever to have taken place in the prehistory of Europe. The origin of the European languages, unsurprisingly, is therefore a matter of intense academic debate. There are currently only two prehistoric events that in the present academic debate are considered as likely driving factors behind the spread of Indo-European speech. One the one hand, there are those historical linguists who by meticulous comparison of the different Indo-European languages have reconstructed a language and culture that is typical of the early Bronze Age. Terminology for horse-riding and wagon technology provides a possible link to the expansion of the Yamnaya culture on the Pontic-Caspian steppes, which was fueled by the invention of the wheel and the domestication of the horse. Others have suggested that the Indo-European languages diffused from Anatolia together with another major prehistoric event, the spread of agriculture to Europe between the 8th and 5th millennium. The debate has remained unresolved for over two decades, but a new approach produces potentially decisive results. By studying prehistoric loanwords absorbed by the speakers of Indo-European when they entered Europe, and test the resulting cultural implications against the available archaeological record, new light can be shed on the language of Europe’s first farmers, and whether or not they spoke a form of Indo-European.

Mots-clés : indo european studies,comparative linguistics
Projet ERC : ADDITIVES (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Inserm
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1918125.0 €

Today, our daily diet typically contains dozens of food additives (e.g. colours, emulsifiers, sweeteners: ~350 substances allowed on the EU market). Safety assessment is performed by health agencies to protect consumers against potential adverse effects of each additive, yet such an assessment is only based on current available evidence, i.e., for most additives, only in-vitro/in-vivo toxicological studies and exposure simulations. Meanwhile, the long-term health impact of additives intake and any potential ‘cocktail’ effects remain largely unknown and have become a source of serious concern. Growing evidence link the consumption of ultra-processed foods, containing numerous additives, to adverse health outcomes, in particular our recent results on cancer (Fiolet BMJ 2018). While most additives allowed in the EU are likely to be neutral for health and some may even be beneficial, recent animal and cell-based studies have suggested detrimental effects of several such compounds. In humans, data is lacking. No epidemiological study has ever assessed individual-level exposure to a wide range of food additives and its association with health, hampered by unsuited traditional dietary assessment tools facing the high additive content variability across commercial brands. Hence, a major breakthrough will come from the novel and unique tools I developed with my team, notably within the NutriNet-Santé cohort (n=164,000), collecting precise and repeated data on foods and beverages usually consumed, including names and brands of industrial products. With this unique resource, I propose a project at the forefront of international research to provide answers to a question of major importance for public health. Built as a combination of epidemiological studies and in-vitro/in-vivo experiments, this project will shed light on individual exposure to food additive 'cocktails' in relation to obesity, cancer, cardiovascular diseases and mortality, while depicting underlying mechanisms.
Projet ERC : BOXMATE (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : Saarland University — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 150000.0 €

Today’s industry is more vulnerable to cyberattacks than ever. The biggest threat comes from advanced persistent threats that targets the sensitive data of a specific company. Such a threat may come along as an innocuous app that starts its malicious behavior only when the mobile logs into the corporate network. At the same time, such threats can be made undetectable through testing or code analysis. The ERC SPECMATE project has developed a technology named BOXMATE that protects against unexpected changes of app behavior and thus drastically reduces the attack surface of mobile applications. The key idea is to mine app behavior by executing generated tests, systematically exploring the program’s accesses to sensitive data. During production, the app then is placed in a sandbox, which prohibits accesses not seen during testing. This combination of test generation and sandboxing effectively protects against advanced persistent threats. To access sensitive data during production, the app already must do so during testing—where tracing makes it easy to discover and assess. BOXMATE neither does not need to collect user data: All app behavior is assessed during testing already. Finally, BOXMATE requires no knowledge about source or binary code, and thus easily handles arbitrarily obfuscated or obscure third-party apps. BOXMATE is currently being patented worldwide. We want to turn the BOXMATE approach into a full mobile security solution for corporate and end users. This proposal aims at producing a full-fledged prototype that can be demonstrated to potential customers, most notably app vendors and mobile infrastructure providers; as well as developing an adequate marketing strategy exploring and responding to the needs of the market. This proposal is fueled by the principal investigator, Andreas Zeller, one of the world’s leading experts in software test generation and specification mining.

Mots-clés : mobile apps,access policies,sandboxes,policy inference,test generation
Projet ERC : 4-TOPS (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Condensed matter physics
Entité participante : University of Würzburg — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2497567.0 €

Topological materials have developed rapidly in recent years, with my previous ERC-AG project 3-TOP playing a major role in this development. While so far no bulk topological superconductor has been unambiguously demonstrated, their properties can be studied in a very flexible manner by inducing superconductivity through the proximity effect into the surface or edge states of a topological insulator. In 4-TOPS we will explore the possibilities of this approach in full, and conduct a thorough study of induced superconductivity in both two and three dimensional HgTe based topological insulators. The 4 avenues we will follow are: -SQUID based devices to investigate full phase dependent spectroscopy of the gapless Andreev bound state by studying their Josephson radiation and current-phase relationships. -Experiments aimed at providing unambiguous proof of localized Majorana states in TI junctions by studying tunnelling transport into such states. -Attempts to induce superconductivity in Quantum Hall states with the aim of creating a chiral topological superconductor. These chiral superconductors host Majorana fermions at their edges, which, at least in the case of a single QH edge mode, follow non-Abelian statistics and are therefore promising for explorations in topological quantum computing. -Studies of induced superconductivity in Weyl semimetals, a completely unexplored state of matter. Taken together, these four sets of experiments will greatly enhance our understanding of topological superconductivity, which is not only a subject of great academic interest as it constitutes the study of new phases of matter, but also has potential application in the field of quantum information processing.

Mots-clés : topological insulators
Projet ERC : MiTopMat (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Condensed matter physics
Entité participante : Max Planck Society — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : MPG
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 183607.0 €

Topological semi-metals such as Cd3As2 or TaAs are characterized by two bands crossing at isolated points in momentum space and a linear electronic dispersion around these crossing points. This linear dispersion can be mapped onto the Dirac- or Weyl-Hamiltonian, describing relativistic massless fermions, and thus relativistic phenomena from high-energy physics may appear in these materials. For example, the chirality, χ=±1, is a conserved quantity for massless fermions, separating the electrons into two distinct chiral species. A new class of topological electronics has been proposed based on chirality imbalance and chiral currents taking the role of charge imbalance and charge currents in electronics. Such devices promise technological advances in speed, energy efficiency, and quantum coherent processes at elevated temperatures. We will research the basic physical phenomena on which topological electronics is based: 1) The ability to interact electrically with the chiral states in a topological semi-metal is an essential prerequisite for their application. We will investigate whether currents in the Fermi arc surface states can be induced by charge currents and selectively detected by voltage measurements. 2) Weyl materials are more robust against defects and therefore of interest for industrial fabrication. We will experimentally test this topological protection in high-field transport experiments in a wide range of Weyl materials. 3) Recently, topological processes leading to fast, tuneable and efficient voltage inversion were predicted. We will investigate the phenomenon, fabricate and characterize such inverters, and assess their performance. MiTopMat thus aims to build the first prototype of a topological voltage inverter. These goals are challenging but achievable: MiTopMat’s research plan is based on Focused Ion Beam microfabrication, which we have successfully shown to be a promising route to fabricate chiral devices.

Mots-clés : topological matter,dirac,weyl
Projet ERC : MY NERVE (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : Leiden University Medical Center — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : LUMC
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 140000.0 €

Tracers that enable imaging of peripheral nerve structures have the potential to reduce the occurrence of perioperative peripheral nerve injury. Hence, through such a fluorescence-guided surgery technique morbidity and related follow up costs may be reduced and the quality of life of patients can be improved. The ability to visualize peripheral nerves also creates nerve-sparing opportunities for surgeons and opens up new commercial-avenues for companies involved in the surgical market. The aim of the MY NERVE ERC-PoC project is to strengthen the IP-position and aid the translation of a new nerve specific tracer. The most promising tracer derived from the ILLUMINATING NERVES ERC-StG, serves as the lead compound in this application. Systematic fine-tuning of this lead will help optimization of the structure-activity relation. Together with compatibility with clinical good manufacturing practice (GMP) production requirements this helps provide a solid basis for future commercialization. The applicant has a multidisciplinary track record in the chemical and (bio)medical field. By driving the clinical translation of new imaging tracers, his research group already has made significant contributions to the field of fluorescence guided surgery. Combined with legal support regarding IP-position, feedback from end-users (surgeons), and industrial partners with a global leading position in the surgical market, this background will ensure a translational approach. Ultimately, bridging the gap between synthetic chemical developments and the clinical demand for fluorescent tracers should help accomplish patient benefit.

Mots-clés : nerve specific imaging agent,surgical guidance,chemical optimization
Projet ERC : TransMID (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : Hasselt University — Pays : Belgique — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1203485.0 €

TransMID focuses on the development of novel methods to estimate key epidemiological parameters from both serological and social contact data, with the aim to significantly expand the range of public health questions that can be adequately addressed using such data. Using new statistical and mathematical theory and newly collected as well as readily available serological and social contact data (mainly from Europe), fundamental mathematical and epidemiological challenges as outlined in the following work packages will be addressed: (a) frequency and density dependent mass action relating potential effective contacts to transmission dynamics in (sub)populations of different sizes with an empirical assessment using readily available contact data, (b) behavioural and temporal variations in contact patterns and their impact on the dynamics of infectious diseases, (c) close contact household networks and the assumption of homogeneous mixing within households, (d) estimating parameters from multivariate and serial cross-sectional serological data taking temporal effects and heterogeneity in acquisition into account in combination with the use of social contact data, and (e) finally the design of sero- and social contact surveys with specific focus on serial cross-sectional surveys. TransMID is transdisciplinary in nature with applications on diseases of major public health interest, such as pertussis, cytomegalovirus and measles. Translational methodology is placed at the heart of TransMID resulting in the development of a unifying methodology for other diseases and settings. The development of a toolbox and accompanying software allow easy and effective application of these fundamentally improved techniques on many infectious diseases and in different geographic contexts, which should maximize TransMID’s impact on public health in Europe and beyond.

Mots-clés : infectious disease epidemiology,vaccination,outbreak risk
Projet ERC : STIMBOY (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Proof of concept grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Systems and communication engineering
Entité participante : Università Campus Bio-Medico — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UCBM
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 150000.0 €

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a tool to stimulate non-invasively the brain, employed in Research and Clinics (e.g. depression, chronic pain, stroke, dementia, etc). Low spatial resolution, time-consuming rigid protocol and the continuous need of the presence of an expert has dramatically contained TMS research impact and therapeutic diffusion. STIMBOY project objectives are: 1) improve the robot-TMS developed within the ERC RESHAPE project to realize a TMS-droid (STIMBOY) that fulfills the need of automatization and extreme easiness-of-use of non-expert TMS clinical end-user (clinical configuration), and the need of precision and flexibility of TMS scientist (research configuration); 2) show the commercial feasibility of the technology (from the perspective of a cost-benefit analysis through health economics), 3) design a route to market for the technology (including market analysis and competitive landscape), 4) strengthen the IP position, 5) investigate the likely regulatory roadmap and 6) draft an exploitation plan consolidated in a business plan. Robotic TMS research (e.g. >1100 TMS papers/year indexed by PubMed) and therapeutic market-size (2.5 billion € only for drug-resistant depression) is not covered by the few commercial devices, upon which STIMBOY will have several advantages: lower size and weight, automatic neuronavigation implemented by the robot itself, wider workspace, the possibility to perform double-coil protocols, higher safety due to torque sensors embedded in each joint and innovative features of the control algorithm, higher camera frequency and better performance/cost ratio. The project is implemented by the same multidisciplinary team that developed the ERC RESHAPE robot-TMS, with the help of a consultant for exploitation. STIMBOY will make TMS therapy easier and cheaper, thus available to more citizens and will prompt neuroscience knowledge and future therapeutic applications, favoring the society as a whole.

Mots-clés : transcranial magnetic stimulation,neuroengineerings,cyber physical systems,robotic arms,robot control,tracking systems,neuronavigation,neuromodulation,closed loop double coils,stimulation,drug resistant depression,stroke recovery,brain connectivity and plasticity