Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : REACH (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : IRCAM
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1892901.25 €

Raising co-creativity in cyber-human musicianship Digital cultures are increasingly pushing forward a deep interweaving between human creativity and autonomous computation capabilities of surrounding environments, modeling joint human-machine action into new forms of shared reality involving "symbiotic interactions”. In the artistic, cultural or educative fields, co-creativity between humans and machines will bring about the emergence of distributed information structures, creating new performative situations with mixed artificial and human agents. This will disrupt known cultural orders and significantly impact human development. Thanks to the computation of semantic structures from physical and human signals, combined with (deep or statistical) generative learning of symbolic representations, we are beginning to comprehend the dynamics of cooperation (or conflicts) inherent to cyber-human bundles. To this end the REACH project aims at understanding, modeling, and developing musical co-creativity between humans and machines through improvised interactions, allowing musicians of any level of training to develop their skills and expand their individual and social creative potential. Indeed, improvisation is at the very heart of all human interactions, and music is a fertile ground for developing models and tools of creativity that can be generalized to other activities, as in music the constraints are among the strongest to conduct cooperative behaviors that come together into highly integrated courses of actions. REACH will study shared musicianship occurring at the intersection of the physical, human and digital spheres as an archetype of distributed (natural / artificial) intelligence, and will produce models and tools as vehicles to better understand and foster human creativity in a context where it becomes more and more intertwined with computation.

Mots-clés : music,creativity,improvisation,symbiotic interaction,creative agents,machine musicianship,cyber human,co creativity
Projet ERC : REACH (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : University of California System — Pays : Etats-Unis — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UC
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 577348.75 €

Raising co-creativity in cyber-human musicianship Digital cultures are increasingly pushing forward a deep interweaving between human creativity and autonomous computation capabilities of surrounding environments, modeling joint human-machine action into new forms of shared reality involving "symbiotic interactions”. In the artistic, cultural or educative fields, co-creativity between humans and machines will bring about the emergence of distributed information structures, creating new performative situations with mixed artificial and human agents. This will disrupt known cultural orders and significantly impact human development. Thanks to the computation of semantic structures from physical and human signals, combined with (deep or statistical) generative learning of symbolic representations, we are beginning to comprehend the dynamics of cooperation (or conflicts) inherent to cyber-human bundles. To this end the REACH project aims at understanding, modeling, and developing musical co-creativity between humans and machines through improvised interactions, allowing musicians of any level of training to develop their skills and expand their individual and social creative potential. Indeed, improvisation is at the very heart of all human interactions, and music is a fertile ground for developing models and tools of creativity that can be generalized to other activities, as in music the constraints are among the strongest to conduct cooperative behaviors that come together into highly integrated courses of actions. REACH will study shared musicianship occurring at the intersection of the physical, human and digital spheres as an archetype of distributed (natural / artificial) intelligence, and will produce models and tools as vehicles to better understand and foster human creativity in a context where it becomes more and more intertwined with computation.

Mots-clés : music,creativity,improvisation,symbiotic interaction,creative agents,machine musicianship,cyber human,co creativity
Projet ERC : V-ECHO (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth system science
Entité participante : University of London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : U. London
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 51386.25 €

Rapid global change events such as mass extinctions punctuate Earth’s geological history. These have driven life’s evolution, shaping the world today. However, the exact processes that trigger or modulate them remain enigmatic. Episodes of large-scale volcanism, namely large igneous provinces (LIPs), are a prime contender. A major obstacle to unravelling the role of LIPs in rapid global change has been lack of a direct/unique proxy for volcanism in the sediments that record events. Without one, determining LIP occurrence and exact temporal relations is challenging, especially where the rock record of LIPs is incomplete. Recent studies have revealed the huge promise of mercury (Hg) as a marker of large-scale volcanism. However, while Hg-record acquisition is gaining pace, we still lack the vital process understanding of the proxy needed to realize its full potential. V-ECHO will test the overarching hypothesis: widespread mercury ‘spikes’ in the geological record are definitive evidence of LIP volcanism even in the absence of coeval lavas. V-ECHO will take an integrated and interdisciplinary approach to develop a process understanding of LIP perturbations to the global Hg cycle and how these translate into sedimentary records. It will address key questions on Hg sources (emission from magmas or thermal metamorphism of intruded rocks) and sinks (deposition pathways and sedimentary preservation). It will combine new measurements with novel experimental techniques and explore key differences in the global Hg cycle deep in Earth’s past. V-ECHO will test whether we can ‘sniff out’ the sedimentary echoes of lost LIPs, especially in the Palaeozoic and Neoproterozoic where the LIP record becomes ever sparser. It will explore proposed volcanic triggers for major Earth change events (e.g., oceanic anoxic events, ‘snowball Earths’) in unprecedented ways. V-ECHO promises a step-change in understanding of environmental impacts of LIP volcanism throughout Earth history.

Mots-clés : mercury  hg,large igneous provinces  lips,volcanology,igneous
Projet ERC : AfricanWomen (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : University of Namur — Pays : Belgique — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499313.0 €

Rates of domestic violence and the relative risk of premature death for women are higher in sub-Saharan Africa than in any other region. Yet we know remarkably little about the economic forces, incentives and constraints that drive discrimination against women in this region, making it hard to identify policy levers to address the problem. This project will help fill this gap. I will investigate gender discrimination from two complementary perspectives. First, through the lens of economic history, I will investigate the forces driving trends in women’s relative well-being since slavery. To quantify the evolution of well-being of sub-Saharan women relative to men, I will use three types of historical data: anthropometric indicators (relative height), vital statistics (to compute numbers of missing women), and outcomes of formal and informal family law disputes. I will then investigate how major economic developments and changes in family laws differentially affected women’s welfare across ethnic groups with different norms on women’s roles and rights. Second, using intra-household economic models, I will provide new insights into domestic violence and gender bias in access to crucial resources in present-day Africa. I will develop a new household model that incorporates gender identity and endogenous outside options to explore the relationship between women’s empowerment and the use of violence. Using the notion of strategic delegation, I will propose a new rationale for the separation of budgets often observed in African households and generate predictions of how improvements in women’s outside options affect welfare. Finally, with first hand data, I will investigate intra-household differences in nutrition and work effort in times of food shortage from the points of view of efficiency and equity. I will use activity trackers as an innovative means of collecting high quality data on work effort and thus overcome data limitations restricting the existing literature

Mots-clés : gender,africa,intra household resource allocations,domestic violence,risk sharing,nutrition
Projet ERC : QCOSMO (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental constituents of matter
Entité participante : Universität Innsbruck — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499240.0 €

Reaching a fundamental understanding of complex quantum systems and fully harnessing their computational power for information processing is one of today’s greatest scientific challenges. The quest to build a quantum information processor has triggered unprecedented efforts to control and characterize dynamics in quantum systems. Here, trapped ion systems are one of the most promising architectures to realize large-scale quantum information processors. In this project I aim to explore the physics and harness the computational potential of a novel trapped ion system with more complex individual constituents: polyatomic molecules. The proposed research tackles the long standing challenge of preparing, controlling and characterizing single polyatomic molecules at the quantum level. The path towards these ambitious goals is centered around two high-level objectives: First, I will develop novel techniques to characterize quantum dynamics of polyatomic systems. In particular, I will quantify quantum coherence in ultrafast intra-molecular processes. This research will open a new window into intra-molecular processes with applications in quantum chemistry as well as biology. Second, I will develop and implement quantum control techniques for polyatomic molecules by coupling them to an atomic quantum information processor. Here, I will demonstrate the building blocks for a new scalable hybrid atom-molecule quantum information processor with ultrafast gate operations. I am convinced that these new control techniques will lay the groundwork for research beyond the immediate project goals such as state-selective chemistry, precision measurements of fundamental constants, as well as scalable and ultrafast quantum computing. My strong interdisciplinary background in experiment design and characterization of quantum systems, and my track record in experimental quantum computation, put me in a unique position to reach the ambitious goals.
Projet ERC : OSARES (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer science and informatics
Entité participante : Saarland University — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1796396.51 €

Reactive synthesis has the potential to revolutionize the development of distributed embedded systems. From a given logical specification, the synthesis algorithm automatically constructs an implementation that is correct-by-design. The vision is that a designer analyzes the design objectives with a synthesis tool, automatically identifies competing or contradictory requirements and obtains an error-free prototype implementation. Coding and testing, the most expensive stages of development, are eliminated from the development process. Recent case studies from robotic control and from hardware design, such as the automatic synthesis of the AMBA AHB bus controller, demonstrate that this vision is in principle feasible. So far, however, synthesis does not scale to large systems. Even if successful, it produces code that is much larger and much more complicated than the code produced by human programmers for the same specification. Our goal is to address both of these fundamental shortcomings at the same time. We will develop output-sensitive synthesis algorithms, i.e. algorithms that, in addition to optimal performance in the size of the specification, also perform optimally in the size and structural complexity of the implementation. Target applications for our algorithms come from both the classic areas of reactive synthesis, such as hardware circuits, and from new and much more challenging application areas such as the distributed control and coordination of autonomous vehicles and manufacturing robots, which are far beyond the reach of the currently available synthesis algorithms.

Mots-clés : program synthesis,reactive systems,infinite games
Projet ERC : OSARES (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer science and informatics
Entité participante : Helmholtz Center for Information Security — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CISPA
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 198603.49 €

Reactive synthesis has the potential to revolutionize the development of distributed embedded systems. From a given logical specification, the synthesis algorithm automatically constructs an implementation that is correct-by-design. The vision is that a designer analyzes the design objectives with a synthesis tool, automatically identifies competing or contradictory requirements and obtains an error-free prototype implementation. Coding and testing, the most expensive stages of development, are eliminated from the development process. Recent case studies from robotic control and from hardware design, such as the automatic synthesis of the AMBA AHB bus controller, demonstrate that this vision is in principle feasible. So far, however, synthesis does not scale to large systems. Even if successful, it produces code that is much larger and much more complicated than the code produced by human programmers for the same specification. Our goal is to address both of these fundamental shortcomings at the same time. We will develop output-sensitive synthesis algorithms, i.e. algorithms that, in addition to optimal performance in the size of the specification, also perform optimally in the size and structural complexity of the implementation. Target applications for our algorithms come from both the classic areas of reactive synthesis, such as hardware circuits, and from new and much more challenging application areas such as the distributed control and coordination of autonomous vehicles and manufacturing robots, which are far beyond the reach of the currently available synthesis algorithms.

Mots-clés : program synthesis,reactive systems,infinite games
Projet ERC : InsideChromatin (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Physical and analytical chemical sciences
Entité participante : University of Cambridge — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : U. Cambridge
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1490380.0 €

Reading the genome is one thing – finding out how it functions, is something else altogether. The next big challenge to understand gene behaviour is deciphering (a) how the genome is organized in space and (b) how this organization influences its function. Inside Eukaryotic cells, genomic DNA is packed together with proteins into a remarkable structure known as chromatin. Nucleosomes, the building blocks of chromatin, interact with each other to enable high-density packaging. Our understanding of chromatin structure is limited by the lack of ‘close up views’ and molecular-level mechanistic information of how nucleosome interactions are regulated in vivo by many highly coupled factors. InsideChromatin aims to develop a groundbreaking multiscale approach that will push the current limits of realistic computational modelling of in vivo chromatin structure. The vision is to achieve the first multiscale simulation study that describes nucleosome organization inside functionally different kilobase-scale domains, while explicitly accounting for the combination of epigenetic marks, the binding of architectural proteins, and nucleosome remodelling activity that distinguishes each domain. InsideChromatin will integrate atomistic simulations with two levels of coarse-graining and experimental data for validation to understand how nucleosome organization at kilobase scales leads to physical properties at megabase scales. The output from InsideChromatin will bring us closer to the ‘holy grail’ of deciphering the connection between genome characteristics, structure, and function.

Mots-clés : multiscale modelling and simulation,chromatin structure,coarse grained modelling,genome structure,biomolecular modelling and simulation,molecular dynamics,monte carlo simulations,dna packaging
Projet ERC : CANCER-DC (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy
Entité participante : Hebrew University of Jerusalem — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : HUJI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1500000.0 €

Recent advances have shown that therapeutic manipulations of key cell-cell interactions can have dramatic clinical outcomes. Most notable are several early successes in cancer immunotherapy that target the tumor-T cell interface. However, these successes were only partial. This is likely because the few known interactions are just a few pieces of a much larger puzzle, involving additional signaling molecules and cell types. Dendritic cells (DCs), play critical roles in the induction/suppression of T cells. At early cancer stages, DCs capture tumor antigens and present them to T cells. However, in advanced cancers, the tumor microenvironment (TME) disrupts the crosstalk between DCs and T cells. We will take a multi-step approach to explore how the TME imposes a suppressive effect on DCs and how to reverse this hazardous effect. First, we will use single cell RNA-seq to search for genes in aggressive human and mouse ovarian tumors that are highly expressed in advanced tumors compared to early tumors and that encode molecules that suppress DC activity. Second, we will design a set of CRISPR screens to find genes that are expressed in DCs and regulate the transfer of the suppressive signals. The screens will be performed in the presence of suppressive molecules to mimic the TME and are expected to uncover many key genes in DCs biology. We will develop a new strategy to find synergistic combinations of genes to target (named Perturb-comb), thereby reversing the effect of local tumor immunosuppressive signals. Lastly, we will examine the effect of modified DCs on T cell activation and proliferation in-vivo, and on tumor growth. We expect to find: (1) Signaling molecules in the TME that affect the immune system. (2) New cytokines and cell surface receptors that are expressed in DCs and signal to T cells. (3) New key regulators in DC biology and their mechanisms. (4) Combinations of genes to target in DCs that reverse the TME’s hazardous effects.

Mots-clés : dendritic cells,ovarian cancer,single cell rna seq,crispr screen,genetic interactions
Projet ERC : BODY-UI (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer science and informatics
Entité participante : University of Copenhagen — Pays : Danemark — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UCPH
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1853158.0 €

Recent advances in user interfaces (UIs) allow users to interact with computers using only their body, so-called body-based UIs. Instead of moving a mouse or tapping a touch surface, people can use whole-body movements to navigate in games, gesture in mid-air to interact with large displays, or scratch their forearm to control a mobile phone. Body-based UIs are attractive because they free users from having to hold or touch a device and because they allow always-on, eyes-free interaction. Currently, however, research on body-based UIs proceeds in an ad hoc fashion and when body-based UIs are compared to device-based alternatives, they perform poorly. This is likely because little is known about the body as a user interface and because it is unclear whether theory and design principles from human-computer interaction (HCI) can be applied to body-based UIs. While body-based UIs may well be the next interaction paradigm for HCI, results so far are mixed. This project aims at establishing the scientific foundation for the next generations of body-based UIs. The main novelty in my approach is to use results and methods from research on embodied cognition. Embodied cognition suggest that thinking (including reasoning, memory, and emotion) is shaped by our bodies, and conversely, that our bodies reflect thinking. We use embodied cognition to study how body-based UIs affect users, and to increase our understanding of similarities and differences to device-based input. From those studies we develop new body-based UIs, both for input (e.g., gestures in mid-air) and output (e.g., stimulating users’ muscles to move their fingers), and evaluate users’ experience of interacting through their bodies. We also show how models, evaluation criteria, and design principles in HCI need to be adapted for embodied cognition and body-based UIs. If successful, the project will show how to create body-based UIs that are usable and orders of magnitude better than current UIs.

Mots-clés : user interfaces,embodied cognition,mid air interaction,gesture based user interfaces,embodied interaction