Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : MPM (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer science and informatics
Entité participante : Bar-Ilan University — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : BIU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1994609.0 €

The advances in technology over the last decade and the massive amount of data passing through the internet has intrigued and challenged computer scientists, as the old models of computation used before this era are now less relevant or too slow. New computational models have been suggested to tackle these technological advances. In the most basic sense, these modern models allow one to scan the input only once, possible with small auxiliary memory. Nevertheless, modern techniques have also been introduced such as sparse recovery which has proven to be a very useful tool for dealing with modern challenges, and the very popular notion of conditional lower bounds which has provided evidence of hardness for various algorithmic tasks based on very popular conjectures. Pattern matching plays a crucial role in many computing applications that can be seen in day to day life. However, its research community has only recently started gaining insight on what can be done in modern models, and is lagging behind in this respect. In particular, there are no algorithms for pattern matching problems that have utilized ideas from sparse recovery, and only recently has there been progress in proving conditional lower bounds for string problems. Furthermore, conditional lower bounds suffer from the lack of hardness conjectures which address time/space tradeoffs. This proposal will close this gap for many important pattern matching problems within the new models of computation, and will be the first to utilize modern algorithmic techniques, such as sparse recovery, and adapting them into the pattern matching world. Furthermore, this proposal will focus on developing a theory for proving conditional time/space lower bounds, based on new hardness conjectures. This will greatly influence not only the pattern matching sub-field, but the entire algorithmic field at large.

Mots-clés : pattern matching,indexing,dictionary matching,streaming algorithms
Projet ERC : BIC.LATE (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : University of Rostock — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 65500.06 €

The age at which people have their children has increased tremendously since the 1970s in the low fertility countries. The reasons for delayed reproduction have been explored extensively, but very little attention has been given to the factors that facilitate and constrain fertility at later ages (from age 30). Yet, the desire and ability of those who did not have children in their 20s to have them later (“fertility recuperation”) is decisive for future fertility levels, and for life satisfaction among those who wish children. BIC.LATE will fill this gap by studying the biological, individual and contextual factors of later reproduction in the low-fertility countries, and possible catch-up behaviour of those who did not have a child earlier. In this new perspective, we will: 1) Measure the effect of biological limits on fertility recuperation with contemporary data for women and men, accounting for changes in Assisted Reproductive Technologies; 2) Identify the remaining individual factors of later fertility (demographic and socio-economic) among women and men, exploring factors more relevant at that ages (health, dedication to work); 3) Understand to what extent the structural and cultural context of a country (e.g. policies, economic situation, social norms) matters for fertility recuperation in a comparative perspective; 4) Estimate the link of these factors with fertility recuperation and draw cutting-edge meta-scenarios of cohort fertility. We will use data from social surveys (cross-sectional, panels) and aggregate cohort fertility data in Europe, the English-speaking oversea countries and East Asia, and data from a fertility clinic in Vienna. The research design includes survival analysis on panel data and on retrospective family history, aggregate correlations and cohort fertility projections. BIC.LATE will inform policy makers about the major contextual drivers of future fertility, using clearly articulated storylines and their associated scenarios.

Mots-clés : fertility and family,delayed fertility,childbearing recuperation,sterility,family size,projection,catch up behaviour,europe,low fertility countries,structural and cultural factors,assisted reproductive technologies
Projet ERC : BETACONTROL (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : HHU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1920697.0 €

The aggregation of proteins into amyloid fibrils is involved in various diseases which place a high burden on patients, families, caregivers, and healthcare systems, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and type 2 diabetes. While the therapeutic potential of the inhibition of amyloid formation and spreading has been recognized, there is a lack of effective strategies targeting the early steps of the aggregation reaction. In BETACONTROL, I want to establish a structure-guided approach to the control of amyloid formation and spreading. I will develop small molecule and polypeptide-based ligands that interfere with the initial phases of amyloid formation and thereby suppress any toxic oligomeric or fibrillar assemblies. The ligands will target beta-hairpin molecular recognition features, which I found to be readily accessible in disease-related amyloidogenic proteins. Targeting beta-hairpins enables retardation of protein aggregation by substoichiometric amounts of the ligand, affording inhibition of amyloid formation at low compound concentrations. As the strategy addresses the common propensity of amyloidogenic proteins to adopt beta-structure, it will be applicable to a wide range of proteins associated with various diseases. BETACONTROL will yield molecular-level insight into the mechanistic basis of amyloid formation and spreading. Furthermore, it will elucidate the significance of beta-hairpins as molecular recognition features in intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and highlight the applicability of these features as targets for interference with protein-protein interactions of IDPs. Ultimately, BETACONTROL will provide a novel therapeutic approach to a range of devastating diseases.

Mots-clés : amyloid,intrinsically disordered proteins,protein engineering,molecular recognition
Projet ERC : INNOVATION (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution
Entité participante : University of Bristol — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2482225.0 €

The aim is to produce a complete evolutionary tree of tetrapods and use this to explore two core questions in macroevolution: the balance between innovation and external processes in driving the evolution of life; and, identifying the best model for morphological evolution. Biodiversity today is unbalanced, with a small number of highly successful groups, like birds and beetles, and many others of equal antiquity but with far fewer species. Why are those groups so successful – was it chance or do they have some remarkable adaptation(s)? The core of the project is to construct a complete evolutionary tree of all 30,000 living species of tetrapods (amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals) and add the 10,000 fossil species; this will generate a database of key characters, the homologies, shared by major groups. The probability of different drivers of diversification will be tested, focusing on those key, highly successful groups (e.g. lizards, birds, neornithines, passerines, rodents) that show explosive evolution to very high species diversity. The proposal goes to the roots of macroevolutionary understanding, and encompasses key questions about origins and modern biodiversity. The project is ambitious, but is possible because of advances in knowledge of relationships of all key tetrapod groups based on phylogenomic and morphological data, increasing precision of geological dating, and the availability of a range of computational methods to construct large phylogenetic trees, to assess likelihood of trees, to explore innovation and evolutionary rates and models, and Bayesian modelling techniques that can map trait data onto large trees and evaluate multiple models of drivers and bias. A unique outcome will be the chance to explore waiting time between major morphological changes, assessing distribution and magnitude, and use this information to inform the construction of a meaningful model of morphological evolution for computational phylogenetics.

Mots-clés : macroevolution,drivers of evolution,evolutionary models,mass extinctions,adaptive radiations
Projet ERC : BLOBREC (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : UiT The Arctic University of Norway — Pays : Norvège — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UiT
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 143933.0 €

The aim of BLOBREC is to develop a blood-based test for the diagnosis of breast cancer. The test is based on results from gene expression analyses in a hospital based nested case-control study in the Norwegian Women and Cancer postgenome cohort study. The controls are healthy population controls from the same cohort. The innovative potential of a gene expression test is the independency from other test for breast cancer like imaging technologies (mammograms, ultrasound, MR) and pathological diagnosis. As such it could be used by itself or in combination with these other technologies. The idea has been considered by the International Search Authorities to be novel and inventive and thus, considered to be patentable. Further analyses should be run to improve the predictive values of the test together with an external validation. The scenarios of use will be discussed. Based on this work comprehensive documentation should be available for commercial partners. Through collaboration with a technology transfer institution the potential approaches to commercial companies should be explored before any negociations. The idea could have important social and clinical implications through improved diagnosis of breast cancer given the increasing incidence of this disease in many countries worldwide.

Mots-clés : breast cancer,diagnostic test,gene expression,blood
Projet ERC : COGNITIVE CONTROL (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution
Entité participante : University of Regensburg — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1451805.0 €

The aim of COGNITIVE CONTROL is to gain fundamental insights into individual and collective cognition and apply them to the emerging global challenge of invasive animal control. Invasive ants are ecologically devastating, economically damaging, and almost impossible to control. Ants are protected physically and by social immunity. However, their cognitive abilities are almost universally ignored, and offer novel angles of attack. Applying behavioural economic and psychological concepts, I will open the new field of Cognitive Control of invasive animals. In Work Package 1 I will use microeconomic tools to gain unprecedented insights into insect preference structures. Individual choice will be steered using behavioural economic and cognitive interventions. Psychological effects, such as conditioned taste aversion, which may cripple current alien species management, will be tested and overcome. Finally, I will use neuroactives (e.g. caffeine) to improve learning and manipulate preference. In WP2 I will take the WP1 manipulations on to the colony level to gain deep insights into collective cognition. By tracing trophallactic networks I will broaden our understanding of social immunity, which protects ant colonies from attack, and learn to disrupt it. In WP3, I will translate our results into field interventions. These will be tested in buildings with an industrial partner, and in natural environments to combat a damaging invasive ant infestation. Finally, in WP4, we will ask whether behavioural economic manipulations are already being deployed in the natural world, by plants attempting to manipulate their pollinators. Ignoring cognition has left a critical knowledge gap in invasive species control. This project brings comparative psychology and behavioural economics to conservation, and will establish Europe as a major player in invasive ant control. The interdisciplinary approach will yield innovative insights into decision making in insects, by offering new conceptual frameworks. Introducing cognition to manipulate preferences will revolutionize invasive species control worldwide. Introducing behavioural economics to an understanding of plant-pollinator interactions will force us reassess previously-held assumptions about the mutualistic nature of plant communication.

Mots-clés : comparative psychology,collective behaviour,invasive species,pest management
Projet ERC : MORTAL (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : University of Oxford — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999342.0 €

The aim of MORTAL is to challenge current non-empirical narratives and produce fundamentally new knowledge of mechanisms underlying mortality trends. The health and longevity of a population is a key barometer of overall welfare, reflecting the cumulative effects of the broader social, economic, and environmental conditions in which people live. Recently, demographic alarm bells have sounded as life expectancy has fallen in the U.S. and mortality improvements in the UK and other parts of Europe have stalled. Whether these trends are due to short term causes such as “deaths of despair” due to drugs, alcohol and suicide or longer-term changes in risk factors such as obesity is not yet known, and some work in this area has lacked empirical rigour. For the first time, MORTAL will combine theory and data across multiple disciplines (biology, epidemiology, sociology, economics, genetics) with demographic theory on the challenging three-dimensional age-period-cohort space in which mortality trends emerge to understand the underlying drivers of population mortality. I propose to (1) integrate macro and micro level data sources to document changes in social and biological risk factors across cohorts, time and place (2) utilize innovative measures of biological risk (epigenetics, microbiome) to understand how life experiences and exposures across cohorts influence trajectories of health and ageing (3) test important selection dynamics across cohorts and their implications for mortality trends including selection into education and selective migration (4) develop a new interdisciplinary conceptual model and simulations of how cohort changes in social and biological risk may influence observed mortality trends going forward. Building a model from cells to society and across age, period, and cohort, MORTAL will integrate knowledge across disparate disciplines to answer the vital question: as populations, how long do we live, and why?

Mots-clés : demography,mortality,population health,biomarkers,cohorts,biosocial
Projet ERC : SUSTAIN (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : University of London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : U. London
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 268090.0 €

The aim of SUSTAIN is to elucidate how early agricultural societies in Europe maintained their capacity to self-generate and persist through time. It examines societies that have only recently settled in new environments and begun to practice mixed agro-pastoral husbandry. This at the time novel way of interaction with the environment involved a different scale of interference with the life cycles of plants and animals, and was of fundamental importance for subsequent developments in Europe. While archaeological research traditionally centres on the question of how societies and livelihoods changed, the project asks what made them capable to carry on, i.e. to remain sustainable. The project weaves together approaches from social anthropology, biogeography, bioarchaeology and complexity science in a manner that has not been attempted previously. We will examine the relationship of domesticates’ past range expansions and climate using correlative species distribution models (SDMs) and will derive past agropastoral practices from isotope signals in plant and animal remains. Novel approaches of quantitative inference will allow us to estimate parameters of crop and livestock productivity and to directly compare agropastoral performance across time and space in Europe. Using this knowledge, we will employ spatially explicit agent-based simulation to explore the social parameters of growth and decline of the first agricultural societies in Europe in previously unconsidered detail. We will examine the role of social webs of lateral insurance in colonising populations, and the extent to which fragmentation of these relationships constrained population expansion into new regions. The project will produce insights that challenge conventional wisdom about farming and environmental sustainability, particularly in regard to social connectedness, relations of sharing, and mobility, which will have value and impact beyond archaeology.

Mots-clés : stable isotope analysis,agent based modelling,bioarchaeology,biomolecular archaeology,model based archaeology,neolithic archaeology,computational social science,sustainability science,environmental humanities
Projet ERC : WORKANDHOME (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : University of Southampton — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1236090.63 €

The aim of WORKANDHOME is to develop a new framework for understanding fundamental changes currently taking place to work that situates individuals as economic actors within the context of their wider life domains, household, home and neighbourhood. This will break new ground in how we understand and classify economic activity, the home, the firm, places of economic activity, labour markets and ‘residential’ neighbourhoods. Significant and rising numbers of people work from home as a self-employed worker or business owner throughout Europe. This will be the first study that explores social, economic and spatial aspects of homeworking by self-employed workers and business owners including the role of new technologies and social media in dissolving the home-work boundary. This is an important new area for social science research since home-based self-employment and businesses vividly manifest the interconnection of ‘home’ and ‘work’ and of the ‘economic’ and the ‘social’ as part of an increasingly complex society. WORKANDHOME will integrate theoretical perspectives from economic geography, entrepreneurship and small business research, sociology, economics, housing and neighbourhood studies. In order to investigate new realities of how people work and live, this study will integrate analytical methods across the social sciences and computer sciences and create a new fusion of primary, secondary and ‘big’ social media data from the UK, the Netherlands, Germany, Europe and the world. WORKANDHOME offers a major step forward in understanding how people live, work, do business and shape space. Its integrated and international approach will stimulate considerable interdisciplinary exchange across disciplines in the social sciences for better understanding and tackling contemporary societal and economic changes and challenges.
Projet ERC : RELEVEN (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : University of Vienna — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Univie
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1561372.25 €

The aim of the RELEVEN project is to develop and test new ways for digital data about historical phenomena to be created and curated so that it is most useful to historians, and to apply these methods to a methodologically challenging yet very significant aspect of medieval history. The approach is to re-frame both existing and new historical data as assertions, often sourced but always linked to an authority; this allows data to be manipulated according to source and authority, and also allows assertions themselves to be linked depending on whether they corroborate, depend on, or conflict with each other. The novel aspect of this methodology is that it takes to its logical conclusion something that historians all readily acknowledge and that is especially apparent for pre-modern history: that there are very few, if any, simple and undisputed facts. A related challenge is the contextualisation and reuse of existing online data for the period, to avoid its going to waste. The approach is tested by taking a broad trans-regional approach to the history of the late 11th century (c. 1030–1095), centred broadly in the eastern half of Christendom but incorporating developments elsewhere, especially in the newly Christianised kingdoms of central Europe. The looming weight of the First Crusade at the century's end means that while certain regional or proto-national narratives—particularly for western Europe—are well-developed, they tend to obscure the larger trans-regional trends of communication and contact, particularly in eastern Christendom. By drawing upon the depth of scholarship and the plethora of digital resources that have emerged for this period in sub-disciplines such as prosopography, textual scholarship, corpus-based research, and archaeology, and by framing this scholarship in terms of assertions whose authority is traceable, it will become possible to look at the history not just from "the eastern perspective", but from several.

Mots-clés : data modeling,linked open data,trans regional studies,christian near east,medieval studies