Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : AXION (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental constituents of matter
Entité participante : Stockholm University — Pays : Suède — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2324391.0 €

Axions are hypothetical particles whose existence would solve two major problems: the strong P, T problem (a major blemish on the standard model); and the dark matter problem. It is a most important goal to either observe or rule out the existence of a cosmic axion background. It appears that decisive observations may be possible, but only after orchestrating insight from specialities ranging from quantum field theory and astrophysical modeling to ultra-low noise quantum measurement theory. Detailed predictions for the magnitude and structure of the cosmic axion background depend on cosmological and astrophysical modeling, which can be constrained by theoretical insight and numerical simulation. In parallel, we must optimize strategies for extracting accessible signals from that very weakly interacting source. While the existence of axions as fundamental particles remains hypothetical, the equations governing how axions interact with electromagnetic fields also govern (with different parameters) how certain materials interact with electromagnetic fields. Thus those materials embody “emergent” axions. The equations have remarkable properties, which one can test in these materials, and possibly put to practical use. Closely related to axions, mathematically, are anyons. Anyons are particle-like excitations that elude the familiar classification into bosons and fermions. Theoretical and numerical studies indicate that they are common emergent features of highly entangled states of matter in two dimensions. Recent work suggests the existence of states of matter, both natural and engineered, in which anyon dynamics is both important and experimentally accessible. Since the equations for anyons and axions are remarkably similar, and both have common, deep roots in symmetry and topology, it will be fruitful to consider them together.

Mots-clés : axion,dark matter,anyon
Projet ERC : B-response (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy
Entité participante : Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Inserm
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2098750.0 €

B cells are the main actors of successful vaccines, and their protective capacity relies on several subsets with innate-like and memory properties that fulfill different effector functions. In the present project, we wish to develop approaches in both mice and humans, to confront the similarities and the differences of their B cell responses. The three aims proposed are: 1) To study the different B cell subsets and TFH cells engaged in a memory response through the use of a new mouse reporter line allowing their irreversible labeling (inducible Cre recombinase under the control of the Bcl6 gene): this will be performed in different conditions of TH1 vs. TH2 polarization, as well as during a chronic viral infection, in which virus-specific antibodies have been shown to be required to control the disease (in collaboration with D. Pinschewer, Basel) 2) To study whether the lifelong persistence of B cell memory, as occurs for memory B cells against smallpox that we can obtain at high purity from aged donor's spleens, corresponds to a specific transcriptional program at the miRNA, lncRNA or mRNA level, as well as a specific cell homeostasis 3) To discriminate the specific effector function of human marginal zone and IgM memory B cells in, respectively, T-independent and T-dependent responses, as well as their specific differentiation/diversification pathway. The general goal is to delineate the regulatory pathways leading to the activation and persistence of the different B cell subsets, allowing for a better understanding of the conditions leading to their pathological or beneficial mobilization.
Projet ERC : B3YOND (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : Politecnico di Milano — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : POLIMI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1498385.0 €

B3YOND proposes a radically new approach to nanofabrication, based on using sub-10 nm confined thermal reactions for patterning and manipulating the physical properties of materials with unprecedented tunability and resolution. Throughout the past decades, the progress in micro- and nano-fabrication techniques has been one of the most powerful and ubiquitous driving forces in science and technology. Nowadays, conventional approaches to nanofabrication reached the fundamental physical limits for the downscaling of devices, so that the search for groundbreaking new paradigms has become vital for enabling significant technological advancement. This project aims to go substantially beyond conventional nanofabrication approaches, through the following ambitious research objectives: 1) Demonstrate a radically new approach to nanofabrication, phase-nanoengineering, based on directly crafting at the nanoscale the physical properties of thin-film materials, by using the recently developed thermally assisted scanning probe lithography (t-SPL) technique for producing highly localized and tunable thermally-induced phase changes. 2) Develop a new class of artificial nanomaterials with unprecedented electronic transport properties, which arise from the proximity and coexistence of different structural and electronic phases, tailored at the nanoscale. 3) Realize novel monolithic three-dimensional nanoelectronic platforms for beyond-CMOS computing, by exploiting the unique capabilities of t-SPL for obtaining sub-10 nm resolution patterning in three-dimensions. By combining, in a highly multidisciplinary approach, some of the most promising recent advances in materials science, with the tremendous potential of t-SPL, this challenging project will enable disruptive conceptual and technological breakthroughs, beyond the conventional paradigms of nanofabrication.

Mots-clés : nanofabrication,three dimensional nanoelectronics,nanomaterials
Projet ERC : BENEDICAMUS (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : University of Oslo — Pays : Norvège — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UiO
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1990328.75 €

BENEDICAMUS pursues a transformative focus on creative practices surrounding a particular moment in the Western Christian liturgy: the exclamation Benedicamus Domino (“Let us Bless the Lord”), which sounded in song several times a day from c.1000 to 1500. This moment was granted special musical licence c.1000: singers of plainchant melodies could choose to reprise a favourite tune from the Church music for the day, re-texting it with the words Benedicamus Domino. In consequence, Benedicamus Domino enjoyed unprecedented longevity and significance as a focus of compositional interest, prompting some of the earliest experiments in multi-voiced polyphonic composition c.1100, as well as a lasting tradition of popular, devotional carols in the 1300s and 1400s. Histories of music have principally told the stories of particular composers, genres, institutions, or geographical centres. BENEDICAMUS undertakes the first longue durée study of musical and poetic responses to an exceptional liturgical moment, using this innovative perspective to work productively across established historiographical and disciplinary boundaries. Encompassing half a millennium of musical and ritual activity, hundreds of musical compositions, poetic texts, and manuscript sources, it offers pan-European perspectives on a chronologically and geographically diverse range of musical and poetic genres never before considered in conjunction. It develops new methods of music analysis to uncover traces of ad hoc or improvisatory performative practices that were not explicitly recorded in writing, forging interdisciplinary contexts for thinking about artistic creativity and experimentation in a time-period where these concepts have been little studied. BENEDICAMUS engages with the beginnings of musical and poetic genres and techniques that were crucial in shaping practices still current today, and reflects on music’s enduringly complex relationship with spirituality, ritual, and the sacred.

Mots-clés : music,creativity,liturgy,ritual,history,poetry,middle ages,renaissance
Projet ERC : BRAIN-ACT (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : Italian Institute of Technology — Pays : Italie — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 0.0 €

BRAIN-ACT aims to develop the next generation of interactive biohybrid devices which will couple biological neuronal networks to organic artificial neurons. For the first time, neurons will interact with the device by active mechanical reshaping which will transduce in the maintenance of the electrical network connection strength (long term potentiation –LTP). This will be achieved by a) processing dynamic electroactive materials b) engineering the neuromorphic abiotic surface with biological synaptic receptors and c) intergrate an in vitro biohybrid synapses array to investigate the interplay at the interface between neuronal cells and their synaptic activity with dynamic electrically-smart materials. BRAIN-ACT will pave the way for a new class of chip-based smart bioelectronic devices which will ‘have a shape of a neuron and act like a neuron’. Over 10 million people are affected by neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s worldwide and show significant loss of functionalities in their daily life. Those are mainly related to faulty connections within the brain which reflects neuronal miscommunication regulated by billions of individual connections among pairs called synapses. The ability of synapses to strengthen or weaken over time, in response to increases or decreases in their activity is called synaptic plasticity and is regulated through electrical and biomechanical signals exchanged by neurons pairs. In vitro bioelectronic platforms have been devoted to monitor and stimulate those signals across neuronal network areas to characterize electrical activity and connectivity in a passive manner. BRAIN-ACT will revolutionize the study of in vitro neuronal networks through active mechanical reshaping to establish optimal electrical signal exchange among neuronal cells. More broadly, the proposed project will define the fundamental conditions to unleash the potential of neuromorphic devices as implantable materials in to the brain.

Mots-clés : biomaterials,organic neuromorphic devices,neuron material interface,in vitro neuronal networks,bioelectronics
Projet ERC : BOSADMIX (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution
Entité participante : University of Copenhagen — Pays : Danemark — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UCPH
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499275.0 €

Background Genetic exchange across species boundaries is emerging as a much more common phenomenon than previously assumed. This introduces potentially adaptive genetic variation into recipient populations. Such interspecies admixture is believed to have played an important role in domestication events, particularly in members of the Bos genus, which uniquely harbours no fewer than five independently domesticated lineages. Understanding these independent, yet reticulated evolutionary events is of fundamental interest for managing the genetic resources of domestic and wild bovids. Objectives I propose to investigate the role of interspecies admixture in domestication through four linked topics. The first is to systematically map the interspecies admixture among seven Asian Bos species, and to determine whether introgressed elements have been beneficial to the recipient populations. The second is to identify genes that have been under strong selection in each independent domestication process. The third is to link adaptively introgressed genomic elements with phenotypic effects. The fourth will address the future of genetic resources in all Asian Bos. Methods The project will bring together a large set of complete genomes and use a combination of population genetic and comparative genomic methods. Phenotypic data and experiments will be performed to validate the phenotypic effects of key introgressed elements and genes under selection during the domestication process. Expected outcome and importance The project will improve our understanding of the evolutionary dynamics of genetic elements that cross the species barrier, in particular the interplay between admixture and the domestication process. It will also provide important insights into the domestication process itself. A joint understanding of these processes is crucial for assessing which types of foreign genetic elements that can be useful for genetic improvement of domestic species.

Mots-clés : admixture,adaptive introgression,domestication,reticulate evolution,genetic improvement
Projet ERC : ONCODESTROYER (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : Hebrew University of Jerusalem — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : HUJI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 3200000.0 €

Background and rationale: Adult acute leukemias pose a great challenge to cancer therapy, with only few advances made in 50 years. As these malignancies are commonly associated with multiple epigenetic aberrations, epigenetic factors represent attractive leukemia drug targets. Nevertheless, most epigenetic-targeting drugs have displayed limited clinical benefit and key leukemia drivers like MYC, ERG and MYB remained mostly undruggable. We have developed a new class of small molecule kinase inhibitors, termed “oncodestroyers” (ODs), single molecules combining supreme p53 activation with selective disruption of multiple leukemia-specific super-enhancers (SEs) that drive oncogenes and dependency/vulnerability factors. These inhibitors demonstrate an unprecedented therapeutic potency in mouse models of human leukemia and are entering now leukemia clinical trials. With this project we wish to study the principles of “oncodestruction”, mechanisms of drug action, immune system interface, and preempt drug resistance. Relevant knowledge may be applied to other cancer diseases, sharing vulnerabilities with leukemia. Major Goal: To expand the therapeutic potential of ODs in leukemia and pre-leukemia by studying their vulnerability basis, mechanisms of drug action and indicators of therapeutic response in individual patients. Research plan: 1) Expand the collection of small molecule kinase inhibitor ODs and develop OD-based PROTACs to gain an optimal spectrum of kinase targets with good therapeutic window in AML; 2) Elucidate the mechanisms of action and what distinguishes an OD, with emphasis on SE disruption, p53 activation and OD-immune-cooperation; 3) Explore the translational aspects of OD treatment by: identifying OD resistance and relapse mechanisms; study clonal evolution in MDS and AML patients undergoing phase 1a/b clinical trial; predict a patient response to ODs and use ODs for ameliorating age-related clonal hematopoiesis, thus possibly averting leukemogenesis.

Mots-clés : drug development,kinase inhibitors,drug resistance,imaging drug response,drug immune cooperation,transcriptional addiction,clonal evolution of cancer,age related clonal hematopoiesis
Projet ERC : MILESTONE (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth system science
Entité participante : Geofyzikalni ustav av cr, v.v.i. — Pays : Rép. Tchèque — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Ig ascr
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1311480.0 €

Background microseismicity in subduction zones contains important information on the geometry, kinematics and dynamics of subduction systems. Low-magnitude earthquakes on the plate interface can outline highly locked asperities and thus define the locus of potential future large earthquakes. Rates of aseismic processes like creep or slow slip can be estimated using swarm-like seismicity and/or repeating events, thus complementing geodetic approaches. At depths beyond the megathrust, microseismicity can give important clues to the distribution and motion of fluids, ongoing mineral reactions, as well as the thermal and rheological structure of the downgoing slab. In this project, I propose to use existing large seismic data sets from four subduction zone settings to systematically harvest microseismicity at an unprecedented scale through the use of an innovative automated approach that combines new machine learning approaches into a comprehensive earthquake detection and location framework. This effort will yield consistently picked and located microearthquake catalogs of superior event numbers and spatial resolution, which will be the base for several research avenues with the following outcomes: - high-resolution seismicity catalogs and new 3D plate interface and slab surface geometry models - a new generation of plate interface locking models from combining permanent GPS data inversion with seismicity constraints - highly resolved regional-scale tomographic images of subduction zones - new models of petrology, phase changes and thermal structure across several downgoing plates - a framework for the comparison of seismicity features between different subduction zones The results from the proposed project will be a big leap towards understanding the physics of subduction zone earthquakes as well as deep fluid circulation and mineral phase changes in downgoing lithosphere. They will also serve as valuable input for future models of earthquake and tsunami hazard.

Mots-clés : subduction zone processes,slab earthquakes,plate interface
Projet ERC : QUANTUM (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : RUNMC
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1851250.0 €

Background: A major challenge for malaria elimination is its phenomenally efficient spread through sexual stage parasites (gametocytes). Many individuals in endemic settings harbour low but transmissible gametocyte densities. It is currently unclear how gametocyte density translates into the likelihood that an infected mosquito gives rise to secondary infections, who drive malaria transmission at population level and how anti-gametocyte immunity affects gametocyte production and infectivity. I hypothesize that secondary infections can arise from low-density infections but that higher gametocyte densities result in comparatively more infectious mosquitoes and an increased number of secondary infections. I further hypothesize that malaria transmission efficiency and changes therein can only be accurately predicted if anti-gametocyte immunity is thoroughly understood and that the rapid loss of gametocyte immunity during effective control results in increased transmission efficiency. Aims and approach: I will perform the first-ever direct assessment of numbers of malaria parasites ejected by mosquitoes in relation to natural gametocyte densities. Using novel genotyping approaches, longitudinal sampling of infections at unsurpassed resolution and state-of-the art analytical approaches, I will perform the most comprehensive molecular evaluation of malaria transmission in a real community ever performed. Lastly, I will quantify the impact of immune responses that reduce gametocyte density and infectivity by novel immune-profiling approaches and mathematical transmission models. Importance and innovation: this project will profoundly improve understanding of the production and infectivity of gametocytes and the epidemiological impact of human immune responses that influence these processes. The work in different African settings will provide a major leap forward in understanding the human infectious reservoir for malaria and has direct implications for elimination

Mots-clés : malaria,gametocyte,epidemiology,transmission,immuno epidemiology
Projet ERC : QUANTUM (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : University of California System — Pays : Etats-Unis — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UC
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 148750.0 €

Background: A major challenge for malaria elimination is its phenomenally efficient spread through sexual stage parasites (gametocytes). Many individuals in endemic settings harbour low but transmissible gametocyte densities. It is currently unclear how gametocyte density translates into the likelihood that an infected mosquito gives rise to secondary infections, who drive malaria transmission at population level and how anti-gametocyte immunity affects gametocyte production and infectivity. I hypothesize that secondary infections can arise from low-density infections but that higher gametocyte densities result in comparatively more infectious mosquitoes and an increased number of secondary infections. I further hypothesize that malaria transmission efficiency and changes therein can only be accurately predicted if anti-gametocyte immunity is thoroughly understood and that the rapid loss of gametocyte immunity during effective control results in increased transmission efficiency. Aims and approach: I will perform the first-ever direct assessment of numbers of malaria parasites ejected by mosquitoes in relation to natural gametocyte densities. Using novel genotyping approaches, longitudinal sampling of infections at unsurpassed resolution and state-of-the art analytical approaches, I will perform the most comprehensive molecular evaluation of malaria transmission in a real community ever performed. Lastly, I will quantify the impact of immune responses that reduce gametocyte density and infectivity by novel immune-profiling approaches and mathematical transmission models. Importance and innovation: this project will profoundly improve understanding of the production and infectivity of gametocytes and the epidemiological impact of human immune responses that influence these processes. The work in different African settings will provide a major leap forward in understanding the human infectious reservoir for malaria and has direct implications for elimination

Mots-clés : malaria,gametocyte,epidemiology,transmission,immuno epidemiology