Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : STUDIOTEC (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : University of Southampton — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 417916.0 €

This project investigates film studios across four major European production sites: Britain, France, Germany and Italy, 1930-60. During these years studios were transformed as they responded to challenges including wartime disruptions, post-war fragmentation, movement of labour and the introduction of new technologies. While these countries have attracted their own historical literatures, this project proposes for the first time their comparative analysis from the perspective of film studio tectonics, cultures and practices. The project is underpinned by the idea of tectonics as a metaphorical way into understanding the studios’ multiple, stratified, shifting experiences as architectural spaces, diverse working environments and locations for innovation. The study of film studios has been dominated by the centralized Hollywood ‘system’, and local studio histories are typified by discrete, linear and undertheorized approaches. This project proposes a more dynamic materialist methodology, linking empirical data with comparative, transnational developments which occurred during a major period of change within the four key production sites. Using historical research and a range of spatial analysis, 3D and VR tools, the project will explore studio spaces as diverse creative and economic infrastructures which both extended and challenged the range of contemporaneous models. The team will investigate how artistic practices responded to transnational flows in film studio expertise while constituting formative, materially-based ‘spaces of the imagination’. Research will be structured around four major interrelated themes: 1) Architecture and Infrastructure; 2) Creativity, Practices and Innovation; 3) Politics and Economics; 4) Professional and Labour relations. The project will create new understandings of how the collaborative and material environments of studio spaces and technologies shaped film production and cultures.

Mots-clés : film,studios,cultural production,europe,creativity,labour,transnational
Projet ERC : EUROMIX (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : VU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999823.0 €

This project is a study of the regulation of ‘mixture’(‘interracial’ sex, relationships and marriage) in Europe’s past and present. Informed by critical race and critical mixed race studies, it challenges the common assumption that Europe never had ‘anti-miscegenation’ laws comparable to those in the United States. In exploring if, when, how and why forms of regulation aiming to prevent or restrict ‘interracial mixture’ developed in Europe in certain times and places, the project delivers a vital contribution to our knowledge of the development of racial thinking in Europe. The concept of ‘mixture’ provides an eminently suitable approach to the construction of ‘race’, since ‘mixture’ confuses and destabilizes racialized categories that seem fixed and essentialized in specific times and places, such as ‘black/white’. The project consist of a historical and a contemporary part. The historical part looks at the regulation of ‘mixture’ in four European countries: France, Italy, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom, in their African colonies, and wartime Europe. The contemporary part explores whether and how, in spite of norms of formal equality and colour-blindness, ‘race’ and ‘monoracial family norms’ still play a part in European law and the lived experiences of ‘interracial’ couples with law in their everyday lives. Through archival research, legal analysis and interviews with modern-day ‘mixed’ couples and families, this approach helps us understand what lawmakers and enforcers believed ‘race’ was, what they believed ‘mixture’ was, how this was translated into legal practices, and how targeted couples responded. Theoretically, the project delivers a groundbreaking contribution to the genealogy of racial thinking in Europe, especially in addressing the understudied role of law and legal scholarship in the social construction of ‘race’ and ‘mixture’ in a increasingly diverse Europe.

Mots-clés : mixed  couples,race,critical race studies,critical mixed race studies
Projet ERC : COLOUR (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : University of Lisbon — Pays : Portugal — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2161397.0 €

This project is about the racialization of migrant labourers across political boundaries, with a main focus on impoverished Europeans who served in huge numbers as indentured labourers in nineteenth-century Guianese, Caribbean and Hawaiian sugar plantations and in the workforce of late nineteenth and early twentieth century New England cotton mills. With this project I aim to provide major, innovative contributions on three fronts: (i) theory-making, by working the concepts of race, racism, racialization, embodiment and memory in association with migrant work across political boundaries and imperial classifications; (ii) social relevance of basic research, by linking an issue of pressing urgency in contemporary Europe to substantive, broad-scope, and multi-sited anthropological/historical research on the wider structures of domination, rather than to targeted problem-solving research of immediate applicability; (iii) disciplinary scope, by proposing to unsettle historical anthropology and ethnographic history from within the boundaries of a single empire, and to overcome the limitations of existing comparative studies, by inquiring into the flows and interactions between competing empires. I will also: (iv) strengthen the methodology for multi-sited, multi-period research in anthropology; (v) contribute to an anthropology of global connections and trans-local approaches; (vi) promote the multidisciplinary and combined-methods approach to complex subjects; (vii) narrate a poorly known set of historical situations of labour racializations involving Europeans and document the ways they reverberate through generations; and (viii) make the analysis available to both academic audiences and the different communities involved in the research.

Mots-clés : race,racialization,body,migration,displacement,indentured labour,labour flows,plantations,industrial workers,islanders,ethnographic history,communities,hyphenated identities,memory
Projet ERC : single-C (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : University of Valencia — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UV
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 45461.69 €

This project is aimed at accelerating the synthesis of important organic molecules through key enabling technologies towards automatized catalysis and single-carbon insertion reactions. Transferring the simplest carbon units to organic molecules has the potential to change the way we approach synthesis planning through new asymmetric skeletal homologations and rearrangements of simple raw materials, for which only long workarounds exist now. These methods can reduce to half the manipulations required to access relevant medicines, organocatalysts, ligands, bio-molecular tools and photovoltaic devices. They target unreactive functions to introduce fundamental one-carbon units (CO or C) that are present in virtually any organic compound. New powerful reagents that resemble these basic single-carbon units in excited electronic configurations are to be developed for this purpose. The new catalytic methods needed are based on the solid grounds of carbene-transfer reactions and the recent advances of my group in the development of new homogeneous catalysts. Moreover, a new catalyst platform will be developed to complement our existing portfolio for success in the challenging processes targeted in this proposal. We aim to pioneer a fully automatized workflow for research in catalysis that devoid the synthesis of organic ligands replacing them by combinatorial assemblies built in situ from un-structured simple molecules. The new reactions arising from these new catalysts and reagents will expedite the valorization of raw materials (such as carbonyls, olefins and hydrocarbons) into important chiral molecules in a single transformation. This bold aim is a priority of the European Commission for the coming years as it will save time, protect the environment and reduce cost at once. Thus, these innovative technologies have the potential of transforming the research workflow in homogeneous catalysis and the logics of retrosynthesis of organic molecules at a fundamental level.

Mots-clés : synthetic chemistry,carbene transfer catalysis,asymmetric catalysis,c h functionalization
Projet ERC : JUSTEMOTIONS (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : University of Strathclyde — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 13590.43 €

This project is the first comprehensive study of how objectivity is construed in different legal systems, in Sweden, Scotland, USA and Italy. Objectivity is operationalised as the applied emotive-cognitive process of judicial decision-making. This definition challenges the prevailing positivist legal notion of objectivity, which implies a separation of emotion/reason as opposites. Previous research has shown this dichotomy to be problematic; reason depends on emotions and ’feeling’ the consequences of alternative action is fundamental to form rational decisions. For legal actors this means that objective decision-making relies on emotional information and that sensibilities influence allocation of culpability. Through a comparative multi method qualitative design (court observations, shadowing, interviews and text analyses) we will follow criminal cases from prosecution, lower court, to the court of appeal focusing on: 1) The emotive-cognitive construction of objective decision-making; 2) Dimensions of encoding subjective lay narratives in a legal case into objective judicial categories; 3) Emotive-cognitive components of changed decisions. By contrasting the judicial decision-making process in different legal systems (common and civil criminal law) and in varying emotional regimes (e.g. subtle Swedish regime, outspoken American regime), we will dissect differences and similarities in the construction of objectivity in countries that all share the ideal of judicial dispassion. The project is path breaking by addressing problems with relying on a positivist notion of objectivity which tends to preclude legal actors from reflecting on how they do use emotions at work, thereby obscuring when personal sensibilities interfere with professional decisions. Since judicial objectivity serves as the quintessence of rational decision-making, this project will be of applied as well as theoretical relevance in the understanding of rational action outside of the legal context.

Mots-clés : objectivity,sociology of emotion,decision making,judge,prosecutor,criminal cases,empathy,emotional regime,rationality,power,qualitative design,international comparison,interdisciplinary
Projet ERC : NeoliberalTerror (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : University of Warwick — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1434362.0 €

This project is the first to systematically investigate the introduction of counterterrorism within Health and Social care across Europe. The longstanding separation of medicine and care from policing/intelligence in liberal societies has been superseded in the era of Countering Violent Extremism (CVE). This study explores the political, economic and discursive mechanisms behind this dramatic policy shift, as well as the consequences for medical ethics and society. The project makes a major research contribution by exploring the integration of counterterrorism within caregiving professions as an effect of neoliberalism, through a methodologically pluralist approach. The project also contributes to research on policy diffusion by tracing the spread of deradicalisation programs between member states and EU institutions, with special attention paid to uptake by Europe’s small states. The first stage of the project operates at the European policy level. Data analysis is performed on political, economic and social data from all member states to determine the extent to which neoliberalism affects CVE implementation. Policy diffusion dynamics are then illuminated through Critical Discourse Analysis of institutional speeches, policies, and the work of the EU's Radicalisation Awareness Network (RAN), which attempts to standardise counter-radicalisation practice in Europe. The second stage of the project explores the local implementation of counter-radicalisation in health and social care sectors of the UK; France; Norway; Finland; Croatia; and Lithuania. Interviews and site visits enable the research to investigate standardisation and variation in CVE practice within Health and Social Care. The final stage of the project embarks on participant research with persons referred to CVE programs, creating a documentary film which highlights the competing visions of care, security and medical ethics at play within European counterterrorism.

Mots-clés : countering violent extremism,radicalisation,neoliberalism,surveillance,medical ethics
Projet ERC : GloQur (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : University of Freiburg — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1980000.0 €

This project looks at Qur’an translations as a central medium through which Muslims across the globe today approach their faith. Since the early 20th century, Qur’an translations have been produced in nearly all languages read by Muslims by a variety of individual and institutional actors across nation-state borders. GloQur aims to elucidate three major transnational dimensions of the burgeoning field of Qur’an translation and their interdependence. First, it will examine transnational governmental and non-governmental actors in the field as well as the translations produced by them. Second, it strives to transcend the simple dichotomy between Arabic and ‘vernacular’ languages by analysing, from a historical perspective, the complex centre-periphery structures created by the spread of European languages such as English, French and Russian. Third, we will study the negotiation and reconstruction of a shared exegetical heritage in various linguistic, social and ideological settings. We will examine the conditions in which translations were and still are commissioned and produced, the literary history and ideological backdrop of translations, the translators’ decisions as they become manifest in the texts and their use by local audiences. By studying the role of Qur’an translations in specific Muslim communities, as well as their use in social media, we seek to shed light on the linguistic, cultural and religious significance that is attributed to them and on the processes through which specific translations are elevated to a position of authority. GloQur will thus bridge the gap between philological, historical and anthropological approaches to modern and contemporary Muslim engagement with the Qur’an. By developing an analytical framework for understanding the translation of a sacred text as a transnational religious, social and political practice, the project will break new ground in understanding the global dynamics of contemporary Islam.

Mots-clés : qur anic studies,islamic studies,translation,history of media,reading studies
Projet ERC : HORNEAST (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : Aix-Marseille Université — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : amU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1859656.0 €

This project offers the first comprehensive study of medieval connections between the Horn of Africa and the Middle East in both Christian and Islamic contexts. It pursues the hypothesis that mobility and exchange along trade and pilgrimage routes, on both sides of and across the Red Sea, were not only vectors for the spread of Islam but also factors of African Christianities’ resiliency and reconfiguration at the same time. Medieval connections of Ethiopian and Nubian Christianities with other Eastern Christian churches have longer been studied than has been the spread of Islam across the Red Sea or along the Nile valley which remains poorly known. These parallel connections within Christen- and Islamdom across the same area have never been studied jointly, nor have been Christian-Muslim relations on such a scale. The project ultimately aims to reconnect the Horn of Africa to the global history of the area by connecting disjoint fields of research. It has the following objectives: • Providing a comprehensive survey of connections between the Horn of Africa and the Middle East (places, items, contexts) supported by a database and a geographic information system • Analyzing human mobility in the area within three critical configurations: pilgrimages (both Christian and Muslim), slave trade and slavery, metropolization (with the case study of Cairo) • Exploring cultural transfer and dissemination in the area within and between Christen- and Islamdom through the circulation of books, models and narratives • Evidencing regional connections and Christian-Muslim relations through archaeological survey at a very localised level: Nägaš (Ethiopia), a Muslim holy place in Christian environment related to the first exile (hijra) of Muḥammad’s companions This project is groundbreaking in rallying around the PI historians working on the area’s various realms in their several written languages, in both Christian and Islamic contexts, from the Arab conquest until the Ottoman one.

Mots-clés : connected history,cross cultural studies,christian muslim relations
Projet ERC : DBA (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer science and informatics
Entité participante : Weizmann Institute of Science — Pays : Israël — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 511309.0 €

This project proposes a new application for computational reasoning. More specifically, the purpose of this interdisciplinary project is to demonstrate the usefulness of an algorithmic perspective in studies of complex biological systems. We focus on the domain of collective behavior, and demonstrate the benefits of using techniques from the field of theoretical distributed computing in order to establish algorithmic insights regarding the behavior of biological ensembles. The project includes three related tasks, for which we have already obtained promising preliminary results. Each task contains a purely theoretical algorithmic component as well as one which integrates theoretical algorithmic studies with experiments. Most experiments are strategically designed by the PI based on computational insights, and are physically conducted by experimental biologists that have been carefully chosen by the PI. In turn, experimental outcomes will be theoretically analyzed via an algorithmic perspective. By this integration, we aim at deciphering how a biological individual (such as an ant) “thinks”, without having direct access to the neurological process within its brain, and how such limited individuals assemble into ensembles that appear to be far greater than the sum of their parts. The ultimate vision behind this project is to enable the formation of a new scientific field, called algorithmic biology, that bases biological studies on theoretical algorithmic insights.

Mots-clés : natural algorithms,algorithmic trade off,communication complexity,stochastic processes,information theory,mobile agents,consensus,applications of mathematics to biology,routing
Projet ERC : MIGMAG (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : University of Cambridge — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : U. Cambridge
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 286532.55 €

This project proposes a radical new model for the formation of the ancient Greek world through multi-scalar migration and the later development of Greek identity. By c.550 BCE, the Greek world was a culturally integrated but geographically dispersed entity, comprising over a thousand autonomous communities scattered across the Mediterranean and Black Sea. Migration was a crucial factor in its formation. Yet the nature and scale of this migration remain poorly understood, and there is much heated debate over whether it should be termed ‘colonisation’. This project attempts to break the stalemate, using an interdisciplinary methodology that combines theories from human geography and migration studies, new settlement and environmental data from archaeological survey, and the testimony of ancient literary sources. Scholarship to date has focused on inter-regional immigration, investigating long-distance mobilities through studies of artefacts, style, social practices, stable isotopes and aDNA. In contrast, in this project I will present a new body of data that allows us to understand local and intra-regional mobilities, developing for the first time a fully comprehensive view of the complex, multi-scalar migration of this period. I will also investigate why some settlements developed into ‘Greek’ communities rather than others, and the processes by which this occurred. This project will have implications for how we conceptualise the fundamental nature of the ancient Greek world, opening up new horizons within the disciplines of ancient cultural and political history. It will also set new agendas for research into past mobilities and the archaeology of migration.

Mots-clés : archaeological survey,myth,identity