Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : JUSTEMOTIONS (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : National Research Council — Pays : Italie — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : CNR
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 30345.0 €

This project is the first comprehensive study of how objectivity is construed in different legal systems, in Sweden, Scotland, USA and Italy. Objectivity is operationalised as the applied emotive-cognitive process of judicial decision-making. This definition challenges the prevailing positivist legal notion of objectivity, which implies a separation of emotion/reason as opposites. Previous research has shown this dichotomy to be problematic; reason depends on emotions and ’feeling’ the consequences of alternative action is fundamental to form rational decisions. For legal actors this means that objective decision-making relies on emotional information and that sensibilities influence allocation of culpability. Through a comparative multi method qualitative design (court observations, shadowing, interviews and text analyses) we will follow criminal cases from prosecution, lower court, to the court of appeal focusing on: 1) The emotive-cognitive construction of objective decision-making; 2) Dimensions of encoding subjective lay narratives in a legal case into objective judicial categories; 3) Emotive-cognitive components of changed decisions. By contrasting the judicial decision-making process in different legal systems (common and civil criminal law) and in varying emotional regimes (e.g. subtle Swedish regime, outspoken American regime), we will dissect differences and similarities in the construction of objectivity in countries that all share the ideal of judicial dispassion. The project is path breaking by addressing problems with relying on a positivist notion of objectivity which tends to preclude legal actors from reflecting on how they do use emotions at work, thereby obscuring when personal sensibilities interfere with professional decisions. Since judicial objectivity serves as the quintessence of rational decision-making, this project will be of applied as well as theoretical relevance in the understanding of rational action outside of the legal context.

Mots-clés : objectivity,sociology of emotion,decision making,judge,prosecutor,criminal cases,empathy,emotional regime,rationality,power,qualitative design,international comparison,interdisciplinary
Projet ERC : GENPARENT (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : Yeshiva University — Pays : Etats-Unis — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : YU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 28721.98 €

This project is the first to apply an inclusive, internationally comparative, multi-methods approach to families to reveal the complex processes that result in a gendered division of work. We do this by comparing different-sex couples (DSC) to same-sex couples (SSC) focusing on the transition to parenthood and its career related consequences based on unique, population register data, census data and surveys, as well in depth interviews with couples. Three sub-projects emerge. In GENPARENT NORTH, longitudinal analyses of register data for the full population in the Nordic countries enable unique studies of the division of work and care in DSC and female SSC in a most similar-case comparison where the couples are matched on important background characteristics. In GENPARENT REGIME, the Nordic countries, the Netherlands and the US are compared in cross-sectional, quantitative analyses of female and male SSC and DSC with biological or adoptive children, their division of paid/unpaid work and the resulting career trajectories. Preliminary analyses indicate that family leave policies apply to some but not all families and this clearly structures the division of work and earnings in them. In GENPARENT VOICE, in-depth interviews with female and male SSC (planning for or having children) and adoptive DSC parents are carried out in order to explore the reasoning and expectations that precede the realized divisions of child care and paid work. In addition, the legal and social issues facing these families is highlighted. Interviews are conducted in Sweden and the Netherlands and for these countries, we have unique, longitudinal in-depth interviews with DSC expecting and having their first child. By comparing SSC to DSC and combining cross-sectional and longitudinal quantitative analyses with in-depth interviews, the GENPARENT project critically evaluate and develop theories on the gendered transition to parenthood, while expanding on and updating the welfare regime framework.

Mots-clés : gender,motherhood,fatherhood,care,identity,careers,work interuption,earnings,welfare regime,social policy,country comparison
Projet ERC : PETALO (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : Donostia International Physics Center — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : DIPC
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 968893.75 €

This project presents a new technology for detectors used in positron emission tomography (PET), based on liquid xenon instead of current scintillator crystals. The basic element is a liquid xenon scintillating cell, with its size optimized to maximize the number of gammas that interact in the cell. Silicon photomultipliers read out by low power, low noise customized integrated circuits for time of flight applications will be used as sensors. Xenon is a noble gas which scintillates as response to ionizing radiation. Scintillation is very fast and intense, which results in the possibility of building a PET of good energy and spatial resolution and excellent time resolution. This, in turn, makes possible the measurement of the time-of-flight (TOF), which increases the sensitivity of the detector. Recently, the PI has published a Monte Carlo study of the coincidence resolving time that can be achieved by the PETALO technology, obtaining the promising result of less than 100 ps FWHM, which would be a break-through in the PET scanner field. The low cost of liquid xenon compared to conventional scintillating crystals opens two possible applications: one one hand, a full body PET reducing the cost and with an already better performance than the current technology; on the other hand, a smaller brain scanner, optimized to maximize the improvement in the performance with TOF measurements. This project will demonstrate the technological and commercial feasibility of the proposed technology. For this purpose, first a set of prototypes with two cells will be built to evaluate the resulting performance of the PETALO technology using different kinds of photosensors (UV light sensitive SiPMs versus conventional ones coated with a wavelength shifter). In a second phase, a full ring of the dimensions of a brain scanner will be built, using the technology that has performed better according to the results of this first phase.
Projet ERC : PalREAD (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : Freie Universität Berlin — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : FU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1493439.0 €

This project proposes a deep and thorough study of Palestinian literature as an early and on-going case of literary displacement. It aims to find new ways to account for and analyse texts, literary production and reading publics that challenge and lie outside conventional conceptions of the nation-state. The proposed methodology will take a novel approach in merging textual analysis with reception theory and reading practices. The project is ambitious in seeking to be the first instance to explore its application on the scale of an entire ‘literature-of-a-nation’. By doing so, the project aims to introduce methodological innovations that can expand horizons beyond textual and national analyses towards interdisciplinary models that contend with the multi-faceted and unconventional dimensions of the Palestinian case, and generate a richer and more nuanced history of its literature. The proposed project will explore, for the first time under one analytic roof, all the geographic fragments of Palestinian literature together, traditionally studied separately, or limited to certain authors or time periods. The project’s novelty also lies in broadening the horizons of literary analysis towards an interdisciplinary and transmedial approach that embeds literary production into a wider cultural web of intersecting media and genres. A creative approach will be developed to overcome the hurdles of working, in the Palestinian case, with few scholarly precedents, and scattered, lost or damaged primary and secondary sources. The project’s four work packages will trace connections and disconnections and transformations of publics and reading practices across dispersed Palestinian literary communities of writers and readers over time. The focus will be on identifying, tracing and elaborating key and/or turning point moments across the various localities of the Palestinian literary sphere. An online platform will visual, digitalize and make accessible the project’s outputs.

Mots-clés : modern arabic literature,palestinian literature,palestinian culture,world literature
Projet ERC : CAPSAHARA (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : Centre for Research in Anthropology — Pays : Portugal — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CRIA
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 680927.76 €

This project proposes an analysis of the reconfigurations established in the socio-political vocabulary of the western Saharan region – southern Morocco, Western Sahara and Mauritania – from the “post-empire” to the contemporary period. The project should produce an analysis of 1) the social and political structures shared in the region, 2) the local variations of those structures, based on case studies, 3) their specific configurations, based on social markers such as gender, age, and class, 4) the use of those structures in different historical periods. All these will be under theoretical and ethnographic scrutiny in order to achieve its main goal: 5) to understand the recent articulation of the social and political structures of the Western Saharan region, with broader and often exogenous political vocabularies. The methodology used in this project is based on readings associated with different social sciences, with a particular focus on anthropology, history, and political science. The members of the research team, with experience and linguistic competence in the different geographies involved in this project, are expected to conduct original field enquiries, enabling a significant enhancement of the theoretical and ethnographic knowledge associated with this region. The project’s main goal is to analyse the types of interplay established between pre-modern socio-political traditions and contemporary political expression and activism, in a particularly sensitive – and academically disregarded – region. Its effort to integrate a context that is usually compartmentalized, as well as to put together a group of researchers generally “isolated” in their particular areas of expertise, geographies, or nations, should also be valued. The project’s results should enable the different contexts under study to be integrated into the wider maps of current scientific research, providing, at the same time a dissemination of its outputs to an extended audience.

Mots-clés : social activism,islamic culture
Projet ERC : APOCRYPHA (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : University of Oslo — Pays : Norvège — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UiO
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1998626.0 €

This project proposes the first systematic study of Coptic apocrypha covering the entire timespan of Coptic literary production, and it aims to do so with unprecedented methodological sophistication. Apocrypha is here defined as (1) texts and traditions that develop or expand upon characters and events of the biblical storyworld; (2) and/or contain a claim to authorship by a character from that storyworld or a direct witness to it. A great number of such apocryphal texts and traditions has been preserved in Coptic manuscripts from the fourth to the twelfth centuries. Most of these texts are attributed to apostles or other important early Christian figures, and over time such materials were also increasingly embedded in pseudepigraphical frames, such as in homilies attributed to later, but still early, heroes of the Church. The manuscripts in which this literature has been preserved were almost exclusively produced and used in Egyptian monasteries. Although the use of such apocrypha were at times controversial, the evidence clearly indicates the widespread use of such literature in Coptic monasteries over centuries, and this project will investigate the contents, development, and functions of apocrypha over time, as they were copied, adapted, and used in changing socio-religious contexts over time. The period covered by the project saw drastic changes in the religious landscape of Egypt, from its Christianity having a dominant position in the fourth century, through the marginalization of Egyptian Christianity in relation to the imperial Chalcedonian Church after 451, to a period of increasing marginalization in relation to Islam following the Arab conquest of Egypt in the mid-seventh century. The project will investigate how these changing contexts are reflected in the Coptic apocrypha that were copied and used in Egyptian monasteries, and what functions they had for their users throughout the period under investigation.
Projet ERC : mPP (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental constituents of matter
Entité participante : European Organization for Nuclear Research — Pays : Suisse — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CERN
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1703750.0 €

This project proposes to use modern Machine Learning (ML), particularly Deep Learning (DL), as a breakthrough solution to address the scientific, technological, and financial challenges that High Energy Physics (HEP) will face in the decade ahead. The quest for new physics is increasing the complexity of the experiments and, consequently, the human and financial costs to operate these detectors, with experiments facing at best flat budgets. ML offers a way out of this impasse. With the development of DL, ML has successfully addressed tasks such as image recognition and text understanding, which eventually opened the way to automatizing complex tasks. These progresses have the potential to revolutionize HEP experimental techniques. We propose to apply cutting-edge ML technologies to HEP problems, paving the way to self-operating detectors, capable of visually inspecting events and identifying the physics process generating them, while monitoring the goodness of the data, the correct functioning of the detector components and, if any, the occurrence of anomalous events caused by unspecified new physics processes. We structure the work in a set of working packages, representing intermediate steps towards this final goal. We propose to apply ML to data taking, event identification, data-taking monitoring, and event reconstruction as intermediate steps toward using these techniques for unsupervised physics searches. The project resources will by used to create a team of computer scientists, who will carry on a systematic R&D program to apply cutting-edge ML technology to HEP: reinforced learning, generative models, event indexing, data mining, anomaly and outliers detection, etc. Being hosted at CERN, the project will benefit from existing computing infrastructures, large datasets availability, the presence of local experts of each aspect of HEP, and established collaborations with private companies on hardware and software R&D.

Mots-clés : search for new physics,trigger,data monitoring,jet tagging
Projet ERC : SUNMAG (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Universe sciences
Entité participante : Stockholm University — Pays : Suède — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1491966.75 €

This project represents a new powerful approach to a fundamental problem in solar physics: the heating of the solar chromosphere. The aim of SUNMAG is to identify the mechanisms that heat the chromosphere and characterize the energy flux that is being released into the outer layers of the Sun in active regions and flares. By investigating how the chromosphere regulates the energy and mass transport we can also contribute to an understanding of the heating of the corona and the acceleration of the solar wind. These goals are finally within reach thanks to the recent developments of numerical simulations and analysis codes for observations and, observationally, thanks to the very recent development of a new powerful instrument for imaging spectroscopy (CHROMIS) that allows to study the upper chromosphere at the highest possible spatial resolution. Chromospheric observations show that energy must be released at very small spatial scales (smaller than 100 km), and therefore, the intricate fine structuring of the magnetized chromosphere is the key to understand the heating and the mass loading of the outer atmosphere. The CHROMIS instrument at the Swedish 1m Solar Telescope (SST) is the only instrument in the world that allows observing the upper chromosphere at this spatial resolution, and rich spectral resolution. SUNMAG shall use observations from this instrument and a space-borne solar telescope (NASA's Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph, IRIS) to reconstruct time-dependent 3D empirical models of the solar chromosphere. I will use these models to characterize the spatio-temporal distribution of heating in the chromosphere of active regions and flares, and to investigate to what extent this heating can be related to the observed (changes in) the physical parameters. These results will be confronted with predictions from the foremost theoretical models to propose what physical mechanisms are most likely providing the required energy deposition.
Projet ERC : EQUIPRICE (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : Fondation nationale des sciences politiques — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : FNSP
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1809595.0 €

This project seeks to build an innovative economic toolbox (ranging from modelling, computation, inference, and empirical applications) for the study of equilibrium models with gross substitutes, with applications to models of matching with or without transfers, trade flows on networks, multinomial choice models, as well as hedonic and dynamic pricing models. While under-emphasized in general equilibrium theory, equilibrium models with gross substitutes are very relevant to these problems as each of these problems can be recast as such. Thus far, almost any tractable empirical model of these problems typically required making the strong assumption of quasilinear utilities, leading to a predominance of models with transferable utility in applied work. The current project seeks to develop a new paradigm to move beyond the transferable utility framework to the imperfectly transferable utility one, where the agent’s utilities are no longer quasi-linear. The mathematical structure of gross substitutes will replace the structure of convexity underlying in models with transferable utility. To investigate this class of models, one builds a general framework embedding all the models described above, the “equilibrium flow problem.” The gross substitute property is properly generalized and properties (existence of an equilibrium, uniqueness, lattice structure) are derived. Computational algorithms that rely on gross substitutability are designed and implemented. The econometrics of the problem is addressed (estimation, inference, model selection). Applications to various fields such as labor economics, family economics, international trade, urban economics, industrial organization, etc. are investigated. The project touches upon other disciplines. It will propose new ideas in applied mathematics, offer new algorithms of interest in computer science and machine learning, and provide new methods in other social sciences (like sociology, demography and geography).

Mots-clés : networks,matching model,hedonic pricing,computation of competitive equilibrium,gravity equation,minimax regret estimation
Projet ERC : PIETY (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : Utrecht University — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2499625.0 €

This project seeks to explain the emergence, flourishing and lasting appeal of non-conformist movements in Islamic intellectual history, investigating how Islamic antinomian movements both consolidated Islam in a vast region from the Balkans to Bengal, while offering methods of self-reflection that allowed for critical thinking within Islamic streams of thought. By examining how generations of Islamic mystics and intellectuals in the Persianate world challenged, redefined or rejected Islamic canonical law in their poetic, artistic, philosophical and political writings and teachings, this project generates significant new insights on transgression in Islam. Non-conformist mystics combined the ascetic principles of early Islam with shocking deviance, transgressing the holiest Islamic laws such as prayer, fasting, and the pilgrimage to Mecca, and praising other religions such as Christianity. By rejecting the outward piety of the clerics, celebrating wine, gambling and homo-erotic love, they provoked the orthodox, craving rejection and criticism, which they used as a shield to protect their piety. Using transgression as a theoretical frame, this project demonstrates how non-conformist mystics relativized the status of the Islamic jurists at the centre in Islamic life, while validating what – for the jurists – was peripheral. Examining non-conformism as part of Islam since the tenth century breaks new grounds in the field of Islamic Studies, and in the wider fields of Religious Studies, Literary Studies and History. This is the first study dealing in a broad way with questions about the relationships between centre and periphery, normal and deviant, profane and divine, and low culture versus high religion in Islamic culture. As such it also offers significant contributions to transgression studies from Islamic Studies perspectives, demonstrating why antinomian themes, motifs and metaphors have taken a central position in Islam, especially in art and through poetry.

Mots-clés : sufism,persian poetry,islam,transgression