Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : TRAIN-HEAL-TH (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : Leiden University — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 150000.0 €

Expectations about health and disease are known to directly affect health and treatment outcomes. In the EXPECT-HEALTH project, my research group is unravelling the central mechanisms of how expectations affect immune and endocrine responses and related health outcomes, through the use of pioneering multidisciplinary methods in healthy and clinical populations. Ultimate goal of gaining this knowledge is to apply it in innovative therapeutic interventions. In order to reach this goal, an innovative multimodal training tool based on the dual expectancy learning approach (including implicit and explicit processes) proposed in the EXPECT-HEAL-TH project will be developed and brought to the pre-demonstration phase, making optimal use of new technology including implicit and explicit methods in the area of eHealth and serious gaming. I propose this proof of concept, termed TRAIN-HEAL-TH, to facilitate the design and development process in 4 stages: 1) development of innovative training tools, 2) usability and functionality testing of multimodal training tools, 3) pilot feasibility testing of multimodal training tools in relevant target populations and improving training tools based on pilot testing, and 4) evaluation of potential commercialisation opportunities. This interdisciplinary, cross-boundary project aims to design a training tool that can be applied in healthy as well as clinical populations. The development process, including potential professional commercialisation opportunities, will be facilitated and evaluated in this study using state of the art knowledge within the field of eHealth and serious gaming. The project will result in a multimodal training tool that may be tailored to individual target populations for disease prevention and improvement of health outcomes. For the first time, the theoretical underpinnings of EXPECT-HEAL-TH are translated into innovative therapeutic tools that have potential for a broad range of societal and economic benefits.

Mots-clés : intervention development,expectancy learning,placebo effects,conditioning,ehealth,serious gaming,implicit and explicit processes
Projet ERC : NEUME (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Complexity
Entité participante : École normale supérieure PSL — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ENS PSL
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2495938.0 €

Experiencing music as a listener, performer, or a composer is an active process that engages perceptual and cognitive faculties, endowing the experience with memories, joy, and emotion. Through this active auditory engagement, humans analyze and comprehend complex musical scenes by invoking its cultural norms, segregating sound mixtures, and marshaling expectations and anticipation. These remarkable feats are beyond our understanding and far exceed the capabilities of the most sophisticated music analysis systems. The goal of the proposed research is to investigate how cortical neuroplasticity in humans and animal models facilitates the musical experience over multiple time-scales, to explain how we assimilate musical norms and scales with long-term exposure, and rapidly recruit auditory-motor associations when listening to musical rhythms. The proposed research exploits neuroscience and computational approaches developed and effectively applied by the PI to study the cortical processing of speech. It will harness the power of these ideas and techniques to delineate the role of cognitive functions and adaptive sensory processing in forming musical structure and perception. The project builds upon the internationally recognized leadership of the PI in the fields of auditory cognition, cortical physiology, and computational neuroscience, and his pioneering research into rapid neuroplasticity in the auditory cortex. The project recruits the necessary complementary expertise both to record high-resolution spatiotemporal cortical responses to music in behaving humans, and to frame the proposed experiments in a musical context by garnering insights from music theory, performance, and composition. These diverse approaches will provide new insights into brain function; they will also promote a novel view of musical perception and cognition that will mutually benefit this team and the intellectually vibrant landscape of the neuroscience of music cognition in Paris and Europe

Mots-clés : music cognition,auditory cortex,learning,neuroplasticity
Projet ERC : EXTORT (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : University of London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : U. London
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 90142.5 €

Extortion had come to occupy a quintessential position in the global imaginary of mafia-type-criminal organizations. Yet it is also increasingly present beyond clandestine criminal networks and is becoming a normalised profitable source of livelihood and governance and a key visible social relation in many parts of the world. Systematic research on and explanatory models for the apparent expansion and rountinisation of extortion in everyday life (including cyber-extortion) are currently lacking. Timely, the project sets up extortion as an object of anthropological inquiry and charts the first comprehensive cross-cultural account of extortion in social life across South and East Asia, the Americas, Africa and Europe. The proposed program of work consists of 5 main components: 1) Primary research on ‘offers that cannot be refused' across different domains of life in and across 22 settings; 2) Analytical and theoretical development in the study of power, consent and organized crime; 3) Methodological innovation by conducting a simultaneous cross-national ethnographic research and adding a South-to-South comparative angle in an area dominated by single case studies and a focus on the Global North; 4) Capability enhancement by forging an international network of scholars in the emerging field of the anthropology of crime and supporting the careers of the project's 5 Post-docs; 5) Policy relevant research in the fields of violence and consent, organized crime, informal economy and development. The study capitalises on previous research and skills of the PI in the cross-cultural study of bossism, politics and kinship and 'mafias' in the global South. Research will be embedded in anthropology but informed by empirical and analytical questions relevant to criminology, political science, economics and development studies.

Mots-clés : violence  force,intimidation,consent,protection,power,informal,criminal economies,governance,organized crime
Projet ERC : FIRSTTIME (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : University of London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : U. London
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 150000.0 €

FIRSTTIME is dedicated to generating new unique instruments that Election Management Bodies (EMB) worldwide can use to organise a bespoke electoral experience for first time voters and increase their satisfaction and turnout. We will partner with EMBs to test them in real elections. FIRSTTIME follows on from the INMIVO grant which won accolades such as Best International Research Award from the Market Research Society, led to multiple books, articles in leading journals, and major policy impact as we advised IGOs and 4 different EMBs on electoral system reform, improving disabled & illiterate citizens' vote and civic education. Young people are largely disillusioned with politics and abstention often tempts them. Yet, INMIVO showed that participation in one of our first two elections determines turnout for our entire life. We found that young people are very excited at the idea of participating in their electoral 'first time'. We also demonstrated that the organisation of one's first election affects trust in democracy, perceived representation, and future turnout. However, our comprehensive preliminary study shows that major democracies do not specifically tailor the electoral experience of first time voters, relying instead on ineffective information campaigns. FIRSTTIME will test 6 protocols to optimise first time voters' experience before (election packs, mentoring system, etc), during (dedicated help at polling stations, etc) and after (certificate, celebration, etc) the vote, with an aim to maximise their satisfaction and turnout. We have already secured collaboration intention from EMBs so as to experiment these instruments in real elections in 4 democracies (2 new &2 established) . The results will be used to produce "first time voter" instrument guidelines disseminated to end-users, presented in conferences and major events (UN, European Parliament) and made available to EMBs to re-attract young voters to the polling booth when it matters most.

Mots-clés : elections,democracy,participation,young,turnout,experience,protocols,experiments,electoral commission
Projet ERC : FLAME (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : University of Oxford — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2447052.0 €

FLow of Ancient Metals across Eurasia (FLAME) is a new empirical and conceptual framework for understanding human interactions in Later Prehistory across all of Eurasia. Taking existing data on the chemical and isotopic composition of copper alloy objects and combining them with typological and chronological information within a GIS framework, FLAME aims to rewrite the history of human engagement with copper and its alloys across Eurasia, from Atlantic Iberia to the shores of the Pacific during approximately the 3rd to early 1st millennia BCE. It replaces the outdated concept of provenance with a completely new interpretative paradigm (‘form and flow’), which is built upon the expectation that copper may be recycled, re-alloyed and generally re-used, thus breaking the simple linear assumption of a direct chemical or isotopic link between the copper and the ore from which it came. In this new paradigm, small shifts in chemistry are interpreted not necessarily as changing ore sources but also as the natural consequence of high-temperature processing and mixing, thus putting the emphasis on human interaction with metal rather than on sourcing. We will address major questions at a range of scales, from assemblage to continental, to look at how metal flowed literally and metaphorically through the complex societies of Bronze Age Eurasia. Our reassessment of the metallurgy will also be underpinned by new GIS frameworks and the creation of regional Bayesian-modelled radiocarbon chronologies. Previous scientific assessments of early metal have too often isolated the chemical and isotopic evidence from both the immediate archaeological context and any sense of a real time and place. FLAME brings together a broad range of skills to examine for the first time the intertwined social, scientific, chronological and geographical aspects of Eurasian early metallurgy.

Mots-clés : human interaction with copper alloys across bronze age eurasia
Projet ERC : FMSystem (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : University of Oxford — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2499853.0 €

FMSystem transforms the conventional narrative of the violent rise of the European states system by revealing how belligerent competition also involved cooperation. States were not autarkic actors. Their emergence was co-dependent and entailed developing ways to obtain war-making resources from beyond their jurisdictions. This project adds a new conceptual framework to understand this process and broadens the research focus to include the role of non-state actors in minor as well as major countries. It will identify the variety of war-making resources and assess how far their availability was dependent on accessing external expertise and sources of supply. The standard historical perspective will be decentred by shifting the analytical focus away from sovereign states and their political capitals, and instead towards urban ‘fiscal-military hubs’ functioning as centres of expertise, resource accumulation and production. Achieving these objectives will produce the first holistic study of the rise of the European states system, and of the relation between war and political development across the crucial phase between about 1530 and 1870. It will reveal the extent to which this process was doubly transnational, involving (i) transactions conducted through external hubs leading to (ii) the exchange of resources between states and non-state actors across political frontiers. Further, it will gauge the importance of this Fiscal-Military System to both the growing scale of warfare and the emergence of the modern sovereign state as defining the global political order. A team of researchers, closely coordinated by the PI and counselled by an international scholarly board, will examine the system through six key hubs across Europe. The research will produce a major monograph, a conference and volume engaging with global history and non-European scholarship, and a number of ground-breaking studies on regional and thematic aspects of the project.

Mots-clés : transnational,european,fiscal military,sovereign states system,warfare,economics
Projet ERC : FOODCULT (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : Atlantic Technological University — Pays : Irlande — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : ATU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 51169.76 €

FOODCULT is the first project to establish both the fundamentals of everyday diet, and the cultural ‘meaning’ of food and drink, in early modern Ireland. Exploring the period 1550-1650, one of major economic development, unprecedented intercultural contact, but also of conquest, colonisation and war, it focusses on Ireland as a case-study for understanding the role of food in the demonstration and negotiation of authority and power, and as a site for the development of emergent ‘national’ food cultures. Moving well beyond the colonial narrative of Irish social and economic development, however, it enlarges the study of food to examine neglected themes in Irish historiography, including gender, class, kinship and religious identities, as expressed through the consumption and exchange of food and drink. Taking advantage of recent archaeological discoveries and the unprecedented accessibility of the archaeological evidence, the project develops a ground-breaking interdisciplinary approach, merging micro-historical analytical techniques with science and experimental archaeology, to examine what was eaten, where, why and by whom, at a level of detail deemed impossible for Irish history. Such questions will be explored in a comparative British Isles context, situating Irish developments within a broader analytical framework, whilst moving English food historiography beyond its current insular focus. As a corollary, the project will produce the first major database of diet-related archaeological evidence for this period Mapping Diet: Comparative Food-Ways in Early Modern Ireland, while making accessible the only existing household accounts, a hugely significant, and previously overlooked, quantitative and qualitative source for dietary trends. These resources will shed light, not just on consumption patterns, but on Ireland’s broader economic and social development, whilst significantly furthering research agendas in early modern historical and archaeological scholarship.

Mots-clés : interdisciplinary approaches to consumption,history and archaeology of food and nutrition
Projet ERC : DeepFace (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer science and informatics
Entité participante : Tel Aviv University — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TAU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1696888.0 €

Face recognition is a fascinating domain: no other domain seems to present as much value when analysing casual photos; it is one of the few domains in machine learning in which millions of classes are routinely learned; and the trade-off between subtle inter-identity variations and pronounced intra-identity variations forms a unique challenge. The advent of deep learning has brought machines to what is considered a human level of performance. However, there are many research questions that are left open. At the top most level, we ask two questions: what is unique about faces in comparison to other recognition tasks that also employ deep networks and how can we make the next leap in performance of automatic face recognition? We consider three domains of research. The first is the study of methods that promote effective transfer learning. This is crucial since all state of the art face recognition methods rely on transfer learning. The second domain is the study of the tradeoffs that govern the optimal utilization of the training data and how the properties of the training data affect the optimal network design. The third domain is the post transfer utilization of the learned deep networks, where given the representations of a pair of face images, we seek to compare them in the most accurate way. Throughout this proposal, we put an emphasis on theoretical reasoning. I aim to support the developed methods by a theoretical framework that would both justify their usage as well as provide concrete guidelines for using them. My goal of achieving a leap forward in performance through a level of theoretical analysis that is unparalleled in object recognition, makes our research agenda truly high-risk/ high-gains. I have been in the forefront of face recognition for the last 8 years and my lab's recent achievements in deep learning suggest that we will be able to carry out this research. To further support its feasibility, we present very promising initial results.

Mots-clés : face recognition,deep learning,transfer learning
Projet ERC : CENEVO (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems
Entité participante : Institut Curie — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1167970.45 €

Faithful chromosome segregation in all eukaryotes relies on centromeres, the chromosomal sites that recruit kinetochore proteins and mediate spindle attachment during cell division. Fundamental to centromere function is a histone H3 variant, CenH3, that initiates kinetochore assembly on centromeric DNA. CenH3 is conserved throughout most eukaryotes; its deletion is lethal in all organisms tested. These findings established the paradigm that CenH3 is an absolute requirement for centromere function. My recent findings undermined this paradigm of CenH3 essentiality. I showed that CenH3 was lost independently in four lineages of insects. These losses are concomitant with dramatic changes in their centromeric architecture, in which each lineage independently transitioned from monocentromeres (where microtubules attach to a single chromosomal region) to holocentromeres (where microtubules attach along the entire length of the chromosome). Here, I aim to characterize this unique CenH3-deficient chromosome segregation pathway. Using proteomic and genomic approaches in lepidopteran cell lines, I will determine the mechanism of CenH3-independent kinetochore assembly that led to the establishment of their holocentric architecture. Using comparative genomic approaches, I will determine whether this kinetochore assembly pathway has recurrently evolved over the course of 400 million years of evolution and its impact on the chromosome segregation machinery. My discovery of CenH3 loss in holocentric insects establishes a new class of centromeres. My research will reveal how CenH3 that is essential in most other eukaryotes, could have become dispensable in holocentric insects. Since the evolution of this CenH3-independent chromosome segregation pathway is associated with the independent rises of holocentric architectures, my research will also provide the first insights into the transition from a monocentromere to a holocentromere.

Mots-clés : centromere evolution,chromatin,cenh3,cenp a,cenp t,kinetochore
Projet ERC : 3D-REPAIR (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems
Entité participante : Centre européen de recherche en biologie et en médecine — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : CERBM
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1223529.55 €

Faithful repair of double stranded DNA breaks (DSBs) is essential, as they are at the origin of genome instability, chromosomal translocations and cancer. Cells repair DSBs through different pathways, which can be faithful or mutagenic, and the balance between them at a given locus must be tightly regulated to preserve genome integrity. Although, much is known about DSB repair factors, how the choice between pathways is controlled within the nuclear environment is not understood. We have shown that nuclear architecture and non-random genome organization determine the frequency of chromosomal translocations and that pathway choice is dictated by the spatial organization of DNA in the nucleus. Nevertheless, what determines which pathway is activated in response to DSBs at specific genomic locations is not understood. Furthermore, the impact of 3D-genome folding on the kinetics and efficiency of DSB repair is completely unknown. Here we aim to understand how nuclear compartmentalization, chromatin structure and genome organization impact on the efficiency of detection, signaling and repair of DSBs. We will unravel what determines the DNA repair specificity within distinct nuclear compartments using protein tethering, promiscuous biotinylation and quantitative proteomics. We will determine how DNA repair is orchestrated at different heterochromatin structures using a CRISPR/Cas9-based system that allows, for the first time robust induction of DSBs at specific heterochromatin compartments. Finally, we will investigate the role of 3D-genome folding in the kinetics of DNA repair and pathway choice using single nucleotide resolution DSB-mapping coupled to 3D-topological maps. This proposal has significant implications for understanding the mechanisms controlling DNA repair within the nuclear environment and will reveal the regions of the genome that are susceptible to genomic instability and help us understand why certain mutations and translocations are recurrent in cancer

Mots-clés : nuclear organization,dna repair,chromatin,chromosomes