Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : DBA (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer science and informatics
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1383638.0 €

This project proposes a new application for computational reasoning. More specifically, the purpose of this interdisciplinary project is to demonstrate the usefulness of an algorithmic perspective in studies of complex biological systems. We focus on the domain of collective behavior, and demonstrate the benefits of using techniques from the field of theoretical distributed computing in order to establish algorithmic insights regarding the behavior of biological ensembles. The project includes three related tasks, for which we have already obtained promising preliminary results. Each task contains a purely theoretical algorithmic component as well as one which integrates theoretical algorithmic studies with experiments. Most experiments are strategically designed by the PI based on computational insights, and are physically conducted by experimental biologists that have been carefully chosen by the PI. In turn, experimental outcomes will be theoretically analyzed via an algorithmic perspective. By this integration, we aim at deciphering how a biological individual (such as an ant) “thinks”, without having direct access to the neurological process within its brain, and how such limited individuals assemble into ensembles that appear to be far greater than the sum of their parts. The ultimate vision behind this project is to enable the formation of a new scientific field, called algorithmic biology, that bases biological studies on theoretical algorithmic insights.

Mots-clés : natural algorithms,algorithmic trade off,communication complexity,stochastic processes,information theory,mobile agents,consensus,applications of mathematics to biology,routing
Projet ERC : TERAFILT (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Proof of concept grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Systems and communication engineering
Entité participante : KTH Royal Institute of Technology — Pays : Suède — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : KTH
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 150000.0 €

This project proposes a new architecture of sub-terahertz (THz) radiometers, which, for the first time, allows to combine high frequency selectivity, high sensitivity and high compactness, intended to be used in Earth-observation environmental sensing applications. There exists two radiometer detector types: 1) direct-detectors have best-possible sensitivity, but poor frequency selectivity, even when equipped with superconductive filters which require bulky and energy-demanding cryogenic cooling systems; 2) heterodyne-receivers, which are compact and have excellent frequency selectivity, but have inherently inferior signal-to-noise ratio. The PI, in his ERC CoG, has developed a new terahertz technology enabled by silicon micromachining, and has demonstrated world-record breaking narrow-band filters at sub-THz frequencies (Q=800 at 450 GHz, 1600 at 150 GHz), which, even at room temperature, are superior in performance to state-of-the-art THz filters requiring cryogenic cooling. Furthermore, he has developed a micromachined waveguide switch technology with unprecedented on/off ratio (insertion loss of 0.6 dB, isolation of 50 dB at 220 GHz). These results will be combined for the first time to a new direct-detector based radiometer architecture, enabled by a proposed micromachined switched-filter bank. Such a compact and high-performance radiometer can even be utilized in CubeSat high-density weather-satellite constellations, which are predicted to replace current weather satellites and enable a weather update every 15 minutes as opposed to several hours, which is required for dynamic monitoring for instance the development of severe storms. A proof-of-concept demonstrator for measuring the 183 GHz water line, capable of resolving sub-spectral lines at highest-possible sensitivity, will be implemented and tested in academic and space-industry environment, and appropriate innovation management and exploitation measures are taken in the project.

Mots-clés : terahertz science and technology,microsystems,micromachining,micro electromechanical systems,radiometers,environmental sensing,filters,microwave engineering,waveguides
Projet ERC : MIGMAG (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : University of Vienna — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Univie
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1705153.45 €

This project proposes a radical new model for the formation of the ancient Greek world through multi-scalar migration and the later development of Greek identity. By c.550 BCE, the Greek world was a culturally integrated but geographically dispersed entity, comprising over a thousand autonomous communities scattered across the Mediterranean and Black Sea. Migration was a crucial factor in its formation. Yet the nature and scale of this migration remain poorly understood, and there is much heated debate over whether it should be termed ‘colonisation’. This project attempts to break the stalemate, using an interdisciplinary methodology that combines theories from human geography and migration studies, new settlement and environmental data from archaeological survey, and the testimony of ancient literary sources. Scholarship to date has focused on inter-regional immigration, investigating long-distance mobilities through studies of artefacts, style, social practices, stable isotopes and aDNA. In contrast, in this project I will present a new body of data that allows us to understand local and intra-regional mobilities, developing for the first time a fully comprehensive view of the complex, multi-scalar migration of this period. I will also investigate why some settlements developed into ‘Greek’ communities rather than others, and the processes by which this occurred. This project will have implications for how we conceptualise the fundamental nature of the ancient Greek world, opening up new horizons within the disciplines of ancient cultural and political history. It will also set new agendas for research into past mobilities and the archaeology of migration.

Mots-clés : archaeological survey,myth,identity
Projet ERC : MIGMAG (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : University of Leicester — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 0.0 €

This project proposes a radical new model for the formation of the ancient Greek world through multi-scalar migration and the later development of Greek identity. By c.550 BCE, the Greek world was a culturally integrated but geographically dispersed entity, comprising over a thousand autonomous communities scattered across the Mediterranean and Black Sea. Migration was a crucial factor in its formation. Yet the nature and scale of this migration remain poorly understood, and there is much heated debate over whether it should be termed ‘colonisation’. This project attempts to break the stalemate, using an interdisciplinary methodology that combines theories from human geography and migration studies, new settlement and environmental data from archaeological survey, and the testimony of ancient literary sources. Scholarship to date has focused on inter-regional immigration, investigating long-distance mobilities through studies of artefacts, style, social practices, stable isotopes and aDNA. In contrast, in this project I will present a new body of data that allows us to understand local and intra-regional mobilities, developing for the first time a fully comprehensive view of the complex, multi-scalar migration of this period. I will also investigate why some settlements developed into ‘Greek’ communities rather than others, and the processes by which this occurred. This project will have implications for how we conceptualise the fundamental nature of the ancient Greek world, opening up new horizons within the disciplines of ancient cultural and political history. It will also set new agendas for research into past mobilities and the archaeology of migration.

Mots-clés : archaeological survey,myth,identity
Projet ERC : SPICE (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Physical and analytical chemical sciences
Entité participante : University of Konstanz — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1988697.5 €

This project proposes to combine complementary spectroscopic approaches and push the domain of molecular spectroscopy for structural biology and biophysics into the living cell. Non-invasive molecular spectroscopy to probe protein dynamics and structures at the molecular level is essential for unravelling one of the most challenges in Chemical Biology - the complex physical mechanism of life. Of particular interest are electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) distance measurements in the nanometer range, especially, when they will be combined with complementary spectroscopic techniques. By now, different spectroscopic approaches require specific labelling strategies and probes. In this project, we will develop multiply-addressable nano-structural probes that are in parallel suitable for various spectroscopic techniques, e.g. magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR and EPR), vibrational spectroscopy, and optical (including single molecule) spectroscopy and microscopy. This enables obtaining information on all relevant length and time scales for the very same sample. Labelling will be performed directly in the native intracellular environment, where the proteins are folded, modified, transferred and degraded. Corresponding spectroscopic experiments can be combined or re-arranged for novel experiments even in cellula. Current characterization methods for structure and dynamics of proteins are generally applied in vitro. In the cell, posttranslational modifications, crowding effects, organelle specific localization, or non-specific or specific interactions with cellular components significantly affect structure and conformational equilibria of proteins. We will demonstrate that novel in-cell spectroscopy approaches developed within the SPICE-project using multiply-addressable nano-structural probes and in vivo labelling strategies will open up possibilities to explore larger and more complex biological structures at the molecular level in cellula, which has hitherto been

Mots-clés : electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy
Projet ERC : CORPACCOUNT (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : National School of Political Science and Public Administration — Pays : Roumanie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : SNSPA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1661015.0 €

This project provides crucial insights into the transnational mobilisations and counter-mobilisations for holding multinational corporations and their representatives accountable for complicity in major international crimes (genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity) committed during dictatorships and violent conflicts since the 1970s. It brings three major innovations to an emergent literature in the fields of transitional justice and international criminal law that recently turned its attention to corporate accountability: 1) It delivers a critical sociological analysis of both advocacy movements and business groups and associations involved in transnational accountability campaigns, focusing on their political, professional and regional activist agendas and divergent approaches to corporate liability. 2) It analyses various ideas and strategies of dealing with corporate violence and illuminates the socio-political conditions under which they succeed in enforcing accountability. 3) It explores how different visions of human rights, economic globalisation, development and democratisation shape accountability strategies. To achieve these objectives, the project focuses on four types of transnational campaigns that spread across the Global South and the Global North and on the resulting response from states, international organisations, and business groups: a) advocacy for criminalising corporate misconduct in international/regional treaties; b) civil and criminal litigations; c) legislative initiatives for prohibiting trade with and investment in dictatorial settings; and d) boycotts. Through its global geographical scope, the diversity of pro-accountability actors and business groups involved, and the plurality of repertoires and arenas of transnational activism, the project examines both the convergence of an international anti-impunity ethos and the fragmentation of ideas about corporate accountability on a global level.

Mots-clés : corporate accountability,transnational social mouvements,international criminal law,human rights
Projet ERC : ComparingCopperbelt (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : University of Oxford — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1599661.0 €

This project provides the first comparative historical analysis – local, national and transnational - of the Central African copperbelt. This globally strategic mineral region is central to the history of two nation-states (Zambia and Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)), as well as wider debates about the role of mineral wealth in development. The project has three interrelated and comparative objectives. First, it will examine the copperbelt as a single region divided by a (post-)colonial border, across which flowed minerals, peoples, and ideas about the relationship between them. Political economy created the circumstances in which distinct political cultures of mining communities developed, but this also involved a process of imagination, drawing on ‘modern’ notions such as national development, but also morally framed ideas about the societies and land from which minerals are extracted. The project will explain the relationship between minerals and African polities, economies, societies and ideas. Second, it will analyse how ‘top-down’ knowledge production processes of Anglo-American and Belgian academies shaped understanding of these societies. Explaining how social scientists imagined and constructed copperbelt society will enable a new understanding of the relationship between mining societies and academic knowledge production. Third, it will explore the interaction between these intellectual constructions and the copperbelt’s political culture, exploring the interchange between academic and popular perceptions. This project will investigate the hypothesis that the resultant understanding of this region is the result of a long unequal interaction of definition and determination between western observers and African participants that has only a partial relationship to the reality of mineral extraction, filtered as it has been through successive sedimentations of imagining and representation laid down over nearly a century of urban life in central Africa.

Mots-clés : comparative,africa,mining
Projet ERC : ROMETRANS (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : National Research Council — Pays : Italie — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : CNR
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 16039.0 €

This project revolutionises our understanding of Rome and its place in cultural change across the Mediterranean World by mapping political, military and religious changes to the Eastern Caelian from the first to eighth centuries. The programme offers multiple gains for archaeologists, historians, topographers and geographers by documenting both the mundane and monumental elements of the city fabric in chronological, geographical and ideological relationship to one another. From the extravagant horti, the houses of elite families, through successive imperial palaces to the seat of papal governance the area’s architecture embodied changing expressions of political power. From the early military stations, through the grandeur of the barracks of the emperor’s horse guards, to the building and rebuilding of the Aurelian Walls, it reveals notions about the intersection of security and military power. From the shrines of the early empire to the world’s first Cathedral, it attests successive religious regenerations. RomeTrans has three objectives: first, it determines the appearance of the buildings that drove these changes, producing academically robust visualisations, appropriately contextualised. Second, it brings these elements together to model the five transformations that saw the Eastern Caelian reshaped to meet the needs of shifting political, military and religious ideas. Third, it provides a longer-term interdisciplinary perspective on the changing shape of this pivotal area than any previously attempted. All this requires a survey of unprecedented scale and sophistication, demanding a new methodology for complex urban areas capable of transforming research in historic towns worldwide. Integrating documentary sources, architectural analysis, investigation of 11 sub-surface excavated areas with the largest geo-radar and laser scanning surveys ever conducted in Rome, the project transforms our approach to the city and its relationship to the wider world.

Mots-clés : late antiquity,early medieval archaeology
Projet ERC : SOCIOBORD (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : European University Institute — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : EUI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2499682.0 €

This project seeks to reframe the history of welfare and social care in modern Europe by restoring to view the contributions of local actors – primarily families and associations – to shaping welfare systems in three European borderlands: Galicia, the North-eastern Adriatic and the Franco/Belgian/German border regions. By focusing on the interactions among local actors and following developments from the late 19th century to the 1990s, this project turns our attention to the co-construction of welfare by public and private actors in highly mixed borderlands, where the reach of central states often fluctuated and a range of local welfare structures, based on national, but also non-national forms of identity/solidarity (e.g., occupation or religion) flourished. The focus on overlapping, and, at times, competing structures of social provision will allow me and my team to examine the interplays between inclusion and exclusion that have long shaped European welfare provision by zeroing in on those contexts where such competition was particularly visible. We will do this by placing intensively researched local studies in comparative and transnational frameworks, examining similarities and differences between north-western, eastern and south-eastern borderlands while tracing the circulation of ideas, people and practices. It is our conviction that the long-range historical study of local actors’ ideas and practices around social welfare in European borderlands has much to tell us about the development of welfare across Europe in general. Our comparative and transnational analysis of the three borderlands will thus enable us to contribute constructively to contemporary societal debates about welfare reform at a time when the social rights (or lack thereof) of populations in Europe are the subject of acrimonious, even violent debate.

Mots-clés : european borderlands,social welfare,voluntary welfare associations
Projet ERC : SOM (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies du numérique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Inria
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 149109.0 €

This project will commercialize software and internet services for improving mobility-related online services such a ride sharing, navigation systems and crowdsourcing. In particular, we will commercialize an app for mobile devices which makes predictions on the future travel intentions of the user based on the rich data available on the device through the use of highly efficient predictive modeling techniques. Based on these predictions, the mobile device can communicate in the background on ride sharing, crowdsourcing and congestion avoidance. Three key competitive advantages are (1) the privacy one gets in contrast with most cloud-based platforms where all data is centrally collected, (2) the saving of computational costs by distributing computations to devices having much more detailed information than what one can centrally collect, and (3) the fact that most services work with current traffic information, while we work with future travel intentions, allowing for planning better ahead. The commercialization of this technology will be realized by improving the existing network of potential industrial partners and end-users, demonstrating the technology for key services, exploring alternative commercialization strategies, and preparing a team to carry on the exploitation. When successful, this project will have lead to significant economic and societal benefits in improving the efficiency of crowdsourcing and ride sharing, increasing the popularity of ride sharing and reducing congestions.

Mots-clés : data mining,machine learning,mobility,mobile device computing,ride sharing,crowdsourcing