Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : QRES (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental constituents of matter
Entité participante : Hebrew University of Jerusalem — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : HUJI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1820475.0 €

Quantum sensing(QS) and metrology exploit physical laws governing individual quantum systems, and correlations between systems, to measure a physical quantity. Recently, an appreciation of the vast potential for a variety of applications, including magnetic and electric fields, pressure and temperature sensors, and imaging at the nanoscale, has positioned QS at the centre of quantum science and technology. QS is a rapidly growing field, with the most common platforms being spin qubits, trapped ions and flux qubits. The main resource for quantum sensing is coherence, the definite phase relation between different states. This phase can only survive until the coherence time, which limits the sensitivity of quantum sensing. For quantum sensing the decay time T1 is believed to be the ultimate limit. QS targets a broad spectrum of physical quantities, of both static and time-dependent types. While the most important characteristic for static quantities is sensitivity, for time-dependent signals it is the resolution, i.e. the ability to resolve two different frequencies. This is the central subject of the proposed research. Quantum computing has been shown to be feasible thanks to the realization that error correction can be applied to quantum operations in a fault-tolerant way. This opens up the possibility to realize quantum operations at very precise levels of accuracy and resolution. In my planned research I will address the issue of whether this extraordinary accuracy, when combined with robust time keeping methods, can be exploited to enhance quantum sensing in general - and resolution in particular. For this purpose, I will design protocols that far surpass the state-of-the-art, with the final goal being to overcome the T1 limit. Besides the insights gained for quantum theory, the research will result in detailed proposals for experiments to be realized by experimental groups investigating Nitrogen-Vacancy color centers in diamond and trapped-ion quantum logic.

Mots-clés : quantum sensing,nv centres in diamond,trapped ions
Projet ERC : Quantropy (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Synergy grants)
Entité participante : Tel Aviv University — Pays : Israël — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : TAU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1180000.0 €

Quantum systems that have been engineered to host correlated electronic states are of outstanding fundamental and technological interest. Often ‘exotic’ new quasi-particles emerge, such as Majorana fermions, whose inherent topological robustness forms the basis of a promising approach to quantum computation. Another recent example are sheets of pencil-lead graphene which superconduct with a proper twist between layers. Thermodynamic probes have been central for characterising new phases of matter in bulk materials. Low-dimensional systems offer greater opportunities for control, but probing their electronic states in a similar way is notoriously difficult, in part because of the small number of electrons involved. The objective of this project is to overcome this challenge and to develop a unique conceptual and experimental foundation for exploring correlated quantum states in low-dimensional systems by measuring thermodynamic quantities, in particular entropy. Entropy is one of the most fundamental of physical properties, and in recent years has been recognized as a key to understanding systems as diverse as qubits and black holes. Fully exploiting entropy measurements in mesoscopic physics will open up a new window to a mechanistic understanding of correlated quantum states in engineered structures, with promise for ground-breaking novel device paradigms. Members of the consortium have pioneered some of the few existing approaches to making thermodynamic measurements of low-dimensional systems. In combining our expertise, we will develop, test and explore a versatile suite of thermodynamic probes, and in particular i) demonstrate fractional entropy as an unequivocal observable for exotic states, including Majorana fermions; ii) develop thermodynamic measurement paradigms to probe correlated states in novel materials, in particular twisted bilayer graphene; and iii) achieve the first-time measurement of macroscopic entanglement entropy in solid-state systems.

Mots-clés : entropy,mesoscopic thermodynamics,thermodynamic probe,quantum engineering,correlated quantum systems
Projet ERC : Quantropy (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Synergy grants)
Entité participante : Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology — Pays : Suisse — Rôle : CO-PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ETH Zurich
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 4037500.0 €

Quantum systems that have been engineered to host correlated electronic states are of outstanding fundamental and technological interest. Often ‘exotic’ new quasi-particles emerge, such as Majorana fermions, whose inherent topological robustness forms the basis of a promising approach to quantum computation. Another recent example are sheets of pencil-lead graphene which superconduct with a proper twist between layers. Thermodynamic probes have been central for characterising new phases of matter in bulk materials. Low-dimensional systems offer greater opportunities for control, but probing their electronic states in a similar way is notoriously difficult, in part because of the small number of electrons involved. The objective of this project is to overcome this challenge and to develop a unique conceptual and experimental foundation for exploring correlated quantum states in low-dimensional systems by measuring thermodynamic quantities, in particular entropy. Entropy is one of the most fundamental of physical properties, and in recent years has been recognized as a key to understanding systems as diverse as qubits and black holes. Fully exploiting entropy measurements in mesoscopic physics will open up a new window to a mechanistic understanding of correlated quantum states in engineered structures, with promise for ground-breaking novel device paradigms. Members of the consortium have pioneered some of the few existing approaches to making thermodynamic measurements of low-dimensional systems. In combining our expertise, we will develop, test and explore a versatile suite of thermodynamic probes, and in particular i) demonstrate fractional entropy as an unequivocal observable for exotic states, including Majorana fermions; ii) develop thermodynamic measurement paradigms to probe correlated states in novel materials, in particular twisted bilayer graphene; and iii) achieve the first-time measurement of macroscopic entanglement entropy in solid-state systems.

Mots-clés : entropy,mesoscopic thermodynamics,thermodynamic probe,quantum engineering,correlated quantum systems
Projet ERC : Quantropy (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Synergy grants)
Entité participante : Université Paris-Saclay — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 186883.75 €

Quantum systems that have been engineered to host correlated electronic states are of outstanding fundamental and technological interest. Often ‘exotic’ new quasi-particles emerge, such as Majorana fermions, whose inherent topological robustness forms the basis of a promising approach to quantum computation. Another recent example are sheets of pencil-lead graphene which superconduct with a proper twist between layers. Thermodynamic probes have been central for characterising new phases of matter in bulk materials. Low-dimensional systems offer greater opportunities for control, but probing their electronic states in a similar way is notoriously difficult, in part because of the small number of electrons involved. The objective of this project is to overcome this challenge and to develop a unique conceptual and experimental foundation for exploring correlated quantum states in low-dimensional systems by measuring thermodynamic quantities, in particular entropy. Entropy is one of the most fundamental of physical properties, and in recent years has been recognized as a key to understanding systems as diverse as qubits and black holes. Fully exploiting entropy measurements in mesoscopic physics will open up a new window to a mechanistic understanding of correlated quantum states in engineered structures, with promise for ground-breaking novel device paradigms. Members of the consortium have pioneered some of the few existing approaches to making thermodynamic measurements of low-dimensional systems. In combining our expertise, we will develop, test and explore a versatile suite of thermodynamic probes, and in particular i) demonstrate fractional entropy as an unequivocal observable for exotic states, including Majorana fermions; ii) develop thermodynamic measurement paradigms to probe correlated states in novel materials, in particular twisted bilayer graphene; and iii) achieve the first-time measurement of macroscopic entanglement entropy in solid-state systems.

Mots-clés : entropy,mesoscopic thermodynamics,thermodynamic probe,quantum engineering,correlated quantum systems
Projet ERC : Q-Feedback (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Systems and communication engineering
Entité participante : École normale supérieure PSL — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : ENS PSL
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 0.0 €

Quantum technologies, such as quantum computers and simulators, have the potential of revolutionizing our computational speed, communication security and measurement precision. The power of the quantum relies on two key but fragile resources: quantum coherence and entanglement. This promising field is facing a major open question: how to design machines which exploit quantum properties on a large scale, and efficiently protect them from external perturbations (decoherence), which tend to suppress the quantum advantage? Making a system robust and stable to the influence of external perturbations is one of the core problems in control engineering. The goal of this project is to address the above question from the angle of control systems. The fundamental and scientific ambition is to elaborate theoretical control methods to analyse and design feedback schemes for protecting and stabilizing quantum information. Q-Feedback develops mathematical methods to harness the inherently stochastic aspects of quantum measurements. Relying on the development of original mathematical perturbation techniques specific to open quantum systems, Q-Feedback proposes a new hierarchical strategy for quantum feedback modeling, design and analysis. The building block of a quantum machine is the quantum bit (qubit), a system which can adopt two quantum states. Despite major progress, qubits remain fragile and lose their quantum properties before a meaningful task can be accomplished. For this reason, a qubit must be both protected against external perturbations, and manipulated to perform a task. Today, no such qubit has been built. In collaboration with experimentalists, the practical ambition is to design, relying on the control tools developed here, qubits readily integrable in a quantum processing unit. The physical platform will be Josephson superconducting circuits. Q-Feedback is expected to demonstrate the crucial role of control engineering in emerging quantum technologies.

Mots-clés : quantum control,coherent feedback,decoherence control,control of open quantum systems
Projet ERC : Q-Feedback (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Systems and communication engineering
Entité participante : ARMINES — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ARMINES
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1434375.0 €

Quantum technologies, such as quantum computers and simulators, have the potential of revolutionizing our computational speed, communication security and measurement precision. The power of the quantum relies on two key but fragile resources: quantum coherence and entanglement. This promising field is facing a major open question: how to design machines which exploit quantum properties on a large scale, and efficiently protect them from external perturbations (decoherence), which tend to suppress the quantum advantage? Making a system robust and stable to the influence of external perturbations is one of the core problems in control engineering. The goal of this project is to address the above question from the angle of control systems. The fundamental and scientific ambition is to elaborate theoretical control methods to analyse and design feedback schemes for protecting and stabilizing quantum information. Q-Feedback develops mathematical methods to harness the inherently stochastic aspects of quantum measurements. Relying on the development of original mathematical perturbation techniques specific to open quantum systems, Q-Feedback proposes a new hierarchical strategy for quantum feedback modeling, design and analysis. The building block of a quantum machine is the quantum bit (qubit), a system which can adopt two quantum states. Despite major progress, qubits remain fragile and lose their quantum properties before a meaningful task can be accomplished. For this reason, a qubit must be both protected against external perturbations, and manipulated to perform a task. Today, no such qubit has been built. In collaboration with experimentalists, the practical ambition is to design, relying on the control tools developed here, qubits readily integrable in a quantum processing unit. The physical platform will be Josephson superconducting circuits. Q-Feedback is expected to demonstrate the crucial role of control engineering in emerging quantum technologies.

Mots-clés : quantum control,coherent feedback,decoherence control,control of open quantum systems
Projet ERC : QGP tomography (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental constituents of matter
Entité participante : University of Belgrade — Pays : Serbie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1356000.0 €

Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) is a primordial state of matter, which consists of interacting free quarks and gluons. QGP likely existed immediately after the Big-Bang, and this extreme form of matter is today created in Little Bangs, which are ultra-relativistic collisions of heavy nuclei at the LHC and RHIC experiments. Based on the deconfinement ideas, a gas-like behaviour of QGP was anticipated. Unexpectedly, predictions of relativistic hydrodynamics - applicable to low momentum hadron data - indicated that QGP behaves as nearly perfect fluid, thus bringing exciting connections between the hottest (QGP) and the coldest (perfect Fermi gas) matter on Earth. However, predictions of hydrodynamical simulations are often weakly sensitive to changes of the bulk QGP parameters. In particular, even a large increase of viscosity not far from the phase transition does not notably change the low momentum predictions; in addition, the origin of the surprisingly low viscosity remains unclear. To understand the QGP properties, and to challenge the perfect fluid paradigm, we will develop a novel precision tomographic tool based on: i) state of the art, no free parameters, energy loss model of high momentum parton interactions with evolving QGP, ii) simulations of QGP evolution, in which the medium parameters will be systematically varied, and the resulting temperature profiles used as inputs for the energy loss model. In a substantially novel approach, this will allow using the data of rare high momentum particles to constrain the properties of the bulk medium. We will use this tool to: i) test our “soft-to-hard” medium hypothesis, i.e. if the bulk behaves as a nearly perfect fluid near critical temperature Tc, and as a weakly coupled system at higher temperatures, ii) map “soft-to-hard” boundary for QGP, iii) understand the origin of the low viscosity near Tc, and iv) test if QGP is formed in small (p+p or p(d)+A) systems.

Mots-clés : quark gluon plasma,relativistic heavy ion physics,heavy quark energy loss,hadron,suppression,light and heavy flavor jet quenching,ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions,qgp at the lhc and rhic
Projet ERC : VitASTEM (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Cellular, Developmental and Regenerative Biology
Entité participante : Max Planck Society — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : MPG
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1500000.0 €

Quiescence preserves the self-renewal capacity and the long-term function of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). The regulators of this dormant state include intrinsic pathways and soluble components in the bone marrow niche. Dysregulation of this process is poorly defined and might cause aberrant hematopoiesis. In my previous work, we defined the molecular landscape of HSCs by applying state of the art DNA-methylome, RNA-seq and proteome analyses, and found vitamin A/retinoic acid (RA)-induced signaling predominantly enriched in HSCs (Cabezas-Wallscheid et al., Cell Stem Cell 2014). Intriguingly, we observed that mice fed with a vitamin A-free diet exhibited a robust loss of HSCs (Cabezas-Wallscheid et al., Cell 2017). Treatment of mice with a RA agonist preserved HSC quiescence in stress-activated conditions, indicating that the balance between HSC maintenance and differentiation is tightly regulated by vitamin A signaling. However, we are only beginning to understand the mechanisms how vitamin A regulates HSC fate. Since treatment of vitamin A deficiency currently shows extremely low therapeutic success, novel insights into the role of HSCs in the development of the disease will be of enormous therapeutic value.

Mots-clés : hematopoietic stem cells,vitamin a,single cell,omics
Projet ERC : REACT (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : Trinity College Dublin — Pays : Irlande — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TCD
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1498345.77 €

REACT aims to dramatically impact the targeted release of diagnostic agents and drugs with nanomedicines that respond to biological cues or changing pathophysiological conditions, thus enabling ultrasensitive diagnosis and exquisite therapy selectivity. Nanomedicine research against cancer focuses on the local targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics to enhance drug efficacy and reduce side effects. Despite all the efforts in the design of chemotherapeutic agents as nanomedicines, hardly any improvement has been translated into benefits for patients’ survival. There is an urgent need for improved carrier systems able to deliver high doses of diagnostic agents and anti-cancer drugs to the tumor. Stimuli responsive carriers are promising candidates since the release of the cargo can be triggered locally in the tumor environment. Currently, there exists an unparalleled effort to identify genes, proteins and metabolites implicated in human disease and utilize systems biology and mathematical approaches in order to develop new prognostic tools for the treatment of cancer and develop more targeted therapies for patients. As an expert in drug delivery systems, the PI intends to bring all these efforts and advances into the design of stimuli responsive organic-inorganic hybrid nanoparticles that can adapt their response to the biological milieu. The novel engineered delivery systems will consist of an inorganic porous matrix surface-modified with tumor-specific molecules with the ability to sense changes in the environmental conditions and react by providing a proportional release. These nanosystems can potentially be employed for early in vitro diagnosis through effective screening of deadly tumors, such as neuroblastoma and glioblastoma. Moreover, through the sustained delivery of the nanosystems from injectable gels that can be locally implanted in patients at risk of developing a tumor, a clinically relevant tool for in vivo diagnosis and targeted therapy can be achieved.

Mots-clés : drug delivery,theranostic,stimuli responsive,mesoporous silica nanoparticles,chemotherapy,hydrogel,injectable,imaging,cancer
Projet ERC : REAL (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : Trinity College Dublin — Pays : Irlande — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TCD
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1319355.0 €

REAL opens up new perspectives in moral and political philosophy by closing the rift between analytical theories of rights and egalitarian theories of distributive justice. There is a perception in both the academic and public discourse that pursuing egalitarian economic policies is incompatible with a commitment to rights. Socialist thinkers have traditionally been sceptical of rights, and contemporary egalitarian theories are often silent about them. At the same time, theories that take rights seriously either neglect the distributive dimension or suggest that egalitarian redistribution may infringe on individual rights. Egalitarianism and rights thus appear to be inhospitable to each other. This project seeks first, to understand what explains this divide and second, to demonstrate that it can be bridged. REAL is motivated by the thought that a theory of justice, including economic justice, would be more action-guiding if it could translate its recommendations into moral and subsequently legal rights. It thus aims to show that egalitarianism is not only compatible with a commitment to rights but that they are mutually supportive. The project has three main objectives: - to refute the idea that the concept of rights rules out egalitarian commitments - to uncover the reasons why egalitarianism is inhospitable to rights and show that they are inconclusive - to propose a rights-friendly egalitarian theory of justice The project will critically examine theories of rights and egalitarian theories of justice and adopts an analytical approach that blends arguments from political and legal philosophy, normative ethics and axiology in order to provide a novel and solid framework that integrates the two and advances current debates in these areas.

Mots-clés : moral philosophy,rights,luck egalitarianism