Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : GlobalCORRIDOR (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : University of Sheffield — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1483653.0 €

The pattern of contemporary, global urbanization is shifting. New geographies are being produced, with uncertain consequences for urban inequality. Vital here is surging investments into New Transnational Trade Routes through planning/operation of infrastructural corridors that cut across cities and regions, demarcating the futures of hundreds of millions of urban dwellers. Through deployment of advanced technologies, premium networks and high-tech enclaves’ corridors are transforming everyday urban life. However, there is little research interrogating the ways billions of Euros of investment into corridors transform the urbanization process nor how such processes might reinforce or address existing, or shape new trajectories of urban inequality, understood as techno-social differentiation. GlobalCORRIDOR will address these critical gaps by focusing on the everyday ways in which infrastructural life is now being produced, operated, experienced and navigated across corridors. This is advanced firstly, by assessing the global, urban geography/selected history of corridors (Objective 1). Second it explores the everyday assembling of Corridor Urbanization across three case study corridors (spanning the Mediterranean, North/East Africa, South Asia) (Objective 2). Third, it investigates everyday experiences of Corridor Urbanization within/outside selected enclaved spaces in order to understand the unequal ways in which infrastructure is experienced through access/costs/reliability/technology type (Objective 3). Fourth, it explains the global futures of corridors in reshaping the urbanization process in order to set a new agenda for research (Objective 4). Through generating an interdisciplinary, international programme of comparative research and the first comprehensive study of the corridor phenomena GlobalCORRIDOR will contribute to urban, geographical and technological studies, opening new ideas how we understand urbanization, infrastructure and inequality

Mots-clés : urbanization,infrastructure,everyday life,urban inequality,technology,global economy
Projet ERC : COSI (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System
Entité participante : Erasmus MC — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1500000.0 €

The perfect execution of a voluntary movement requires the appropriate integration of current bodily state, sensory input and desired outcome. To assure that this motor output becomes and remains appropriate, the brain needs to learn from the result of previous outputs. The cerebellum plays a central role in sensorimotor integration, yet -despite decades of studies- there is no generally excepted theory for cerebellar functioning. I recently demonstrated that cerebellar modules, identified based on anatomical connectivity and gene expression, differ distinctly in spike activity properties. It is my long-term goal to identify the ontogeny of anatomical and physiological differences between modules, and their functional consequences. My hypothesis is that these differences can explain existing controversies, and unify contradicting results into one central theory. To this end, I have designed three key objectives. First, I will identify the development of connectivity and activity patterns at the input stage of the cerebellar cortex in relation to the cerebellar modules (key objective A). Next, I will relate the differences in gene expression levels between modules to differences in basal activity and strength of plasticity mechanisms in juvenile mice (key objective B). Finally, I will determine how module specific output develops in relation to behavior and what the effect of module specific mutations is on cerebellum-dependent motor tasks and higher order functions (key objective C). Ultimately, the combined results of all key objectives will reveal how distinct difference between cerebellar modules develop, and how this ensemble ensures proper cerebellar information processing for optimal coordination of timing and force of movements. Combined with the growing body of evidence for a cerebellar role in higher order brain functions and neurodevelopmental disorders, a unifying theory would be fundamental for understanding how the juvenile brain develops.

Mots-clés : cerebellum,cerebellar modules,sensorimotor integration,purkinje cell
Projet ERC : Sense of Commitment (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Complexity
Entité participante : Central European University — Pays : Hongrie — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : CEU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 192610.0 €

The phenomenon of commitment is a cornerstone of human social life. Commitments make individuals’ behavior predictable in the face of fluctuations in their desires and interests, thereby facilitating the planning and coordination of joint actions involving multiple agents. Moreover, commitments make people willing to perform actions that they would not otherwise perform. For example, an investor may be willing to purchase government bonds because a central banker has made a commitment to maintaining that country’s currency. In general, social objects and institutions such as jobs, money, government and marriage depend for their origin and stability upon the credibility of commitments. Despite the crucial importance of commitment for characteristically human forms of sociality, it is not well understood how people identify and assess the level of their own and others’ commitments. The SENSE OF COMMITMENT will develop a theoretical framework for research on commitment, and create a suite of experimental paradigms for testing predictions generated by the theoretical framework. By focusing on joint actions involving pairs of agents, it will illuminate the fundamental mechanisms underlying large-scale human social phenomena. The SENSE OF COMMITMENT will generate basic scientific knowledge that will be relevant to many disciplines in the social sciences, cognitive sciences, and humanities. The insights gained will create a new perspective for: 1) social robotics, by specifying factors that will be useful in designing robots (e.g. for senior citizens’ homes and rescue operations) that participate in commitments with humans; 2) research on pathological conditions such as borderline personality disorder, in which individuals find it difficult to commit to or to rely upon others; 3) identifying factors relevant in sustaining people’s commitment to beneficial long-term programs (skills training for workers, exercise or rehabilitation programs for patients, etc.).

Mots-clés : joint action,trust,commitment,social interaction,embodied cognition,social robotics
Projet ERC : TheONE (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Condensed matter physics
Entité participante : TU Wien — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TUW
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1734375.0 €

The phenomenon of high-temperature (high-Tc) superconductivity (SC) is one of the most exciting, thoroughly investigated yet still unresolved problems in physics. A major difficulty in understanding high-Tc systems lies in the complexity of the materials and phase diagram. The delicate balance between material specific properties, disorder and the number of electronic phases superimpose makes it hard to identify the leading interactions. Consequently, theoretical models attempting to describe the high-Tc SC are significantly disparate and identifying the mechanism of SC at elevated temperatures is full of hardship. Due to the proximity of the antiferromagnetic phase, the strong electronic interactions, the appearance of a pseudogap etc., the electronic phase is considered to be exotic, a non-Fermi Liquid and the coupling mechanism for Cooper pairs strange. Based on my recent experiments, here I propose a change of paradigm: •that the charge carriers which couple to give high temperature superconductivity follow the well-known Fermi-liquid behavior •that the pseudogap phenomenon corresponds to a gradual (Mott-like) localization of exactly ONE charge carrier per unit cell •the “Glue” for pairing stems from a bosonic excitation of ONE localized carrier leading to a novel excitonic mechanism for SC. These hypotheses will be tested primarily on the model compound Hg1201, which features a simple tetragonal structure, minimal disorder effects, and the highest Tc in its class of single-layer compounds. Fermi-liquid aspects will be probed by novel approaches to (magneto)transport, optical conductivity. The relation between SC and The ONE will be explored by unique experimental setups that combine uniaxial-pressure with local/structural probes. If the above conjectures are indeed confirmed it would give an enormous boost to this field. Beyond finding the solution of a 30-year-old enigma, it would enable an educated search for new materials with potentially even higher Tc's.

Mots-clés : high tc cuprates,pseudogap,mott  localization,fermi liquid,excitonic superconductivity,uniaxial pressure,local probes,optical conductivity,transport,quantum oscillations
Projet ERC : AuxinER (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Cellular, Developmental and Regenerative Biology
Entité participante : University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : BOKU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1441125.0 €

The phytohormone auxin has profound importance for plant development. The extracellular AUXIN BINDING PROTEIN1 (ABP1) and the nuclear AUXIN F-BOX PROTEINs (TIR1/AFBs) auxin receptors perceive fast, non-genomic and slow, genomic auxin responses, respectively. Despite the fact that ABP1 mainly localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), until now it has been proposed to be active only in the extracellular matrix (reviewed in Sauer and Kleine-Vehn, 2011). Just recently, ABP1 function was also linked to genomic responses, modulating TIR1/AFB-dependent processes (Tromas et al., 2013). Intriguingly, the genomic effect of ABP1 appears to be at least partially independent of the endogenous auxin indole 3-acetic acid (IAA) (Paque et al., 2014). In this proposal my main research objective is to unravel the importance of the ER for genomic auxin responses. The PIN-LIKES (PILS) putative carriers for auxinic compounds also localize to the ER and determine the cellular sensitivity to auxin. PILS5 gain-of-function reduces canonical auxin signaling (Barbez et al., 2012) and phenocopies abp1 knock down lines (Barbez et al., 2012, Paque et al., 2014). Accordingly, a PILS-dependent substrate could be a negative regulator of ABP1 function in the ER. Based on our unpublished data, an IAA metabolite could play a role in ABP1-dependent processes in the ER, possibly providing feedback on the canonical nuclear IAA-signaling. I hypothesize that the genomic auxin response may be an integration of auxin- and auxin-metabolite-dependent nuclear and ER localized signaling, respectively. This proposed project aims to characterize a novel auxin-signaling paradigm in plants. We will employ state of the art interdisciplinary (biochemical, biophysical, computational modeling, molecular, and genetic) methods to assess the projected research. The identification of the proposed auxin conjugate-dependent signal could have far reaching plant developmental and biotechnological importance.
Projet ERC : MIREDI (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering
Entité participante : Sainsbury Laboratory — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : TSL
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 617098.0 €

The plant immune system is innate – it is encoded in the germline. In natural pathosystems, plants efficiently deploy hundreds of immune receptors to detect and disarm rapidly evolving pathogens including viruses, bacteria, nematodes, insects, fungi and oomycetes. Exactly how such receptor diversity can evolve is an elusive question with important practical ramifications. A central class of plant immune receptors, called Nucleotide Binding Leucine Rich Repeats proteins (NLR), has been implicated in recognition of vastly diverse pathogen-derived effector molecules. An emerging paradigm of receptor diversification in plant genomes involves new gene fusions of receptors with host proteins that are normally targeted by pathogen effectors. Such fusion receptors ‘bait’ pathogens and their integrated domains are thought to function as ‘decoys’ or ‘sensors’ that mediate pathogen recognition. I have recently demonstrated that the mechanism of generating new receptors through gene fusions originated at least 500 million years ago in mosses and is common to all flowering plants. Here, I propose to decode the mechanisms of plant immune receptor diversification by gene fusions by studying diversity and functions of immune receptors in grasses, a young highly diversified plant family that includes the three most important crops: maize, rice and wheat. My specific aims are to: 1) Determine rates of receptor diversification within and across genomes 2) Dissect the mechanisms of receptor regulation and receptor activation 3) Generate novel plant immune receptors based on the NLR platform prone to fusions. In this MIREDI research programme, I will combine state of the art sequencing techniques and bioinformatics, molecular biology and novel reverse genetics techniques to study how plant immune system co-evolves with pathogens and what limits diversification of immunity in domesticated crops.

Mots-clés : plant disease resistance,immune receptors,pathogens,pathogen effectors
Projet ERC : FASTPARSE (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Complexity
Entité participante : University of A Coruña — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1481747.0 €

The popularization of information technology and the Internet has resulted in an unprecedented growth in the scale at which individuals and institutions generate, communicate and access information. In this context, the effective leveraging of the vast amounts of available data to discover and address people's needs is a fundamental problem of modern societies. Since most of this circulating information is in the form of written or spoken human language, natural language processing (NLP) technologies are a key asset for this crucial goal. NLP can be used to break language barriers (machine translation), find required information (search engines, question answering), monitor public opinion (opinion mining), or digest large amounts of unstructured text into more convenient forms (information extraction, summarization), among other applications. These and other NLP technologies rely on accurate syntactic parsing to extract or analyze the meaning of sentences. Unfortunately, current state-of-the-art parsing algorithms have high computational costs, processing less than a hundred sentences per second on standard hardware. While this is acceptable for working on small sets of documents, it is clearly prohibitive for large-scale processing, and thus constitutes a major roadblock for the widespread application of NLP. The goal of this project is to eliminate this bottleneck by developing fast parsers that are suitable for web-scale processing. To do so, FASTPARSE will improve the speed of parsers on several fronts: by avoiding redundant calculations through the reuse of intermediate results from previous sentences; by applying a cognitively-inspired model to compress and recode linguistic information; and by exploiting regularities in human language to find patterns that the parsers can take for granted, avoiding their explicit calculation. The joint application of these techniques will result in much faster parsers that can power all kinds of web-scale NLP applications.

Mots-clés : computational linguistics,natural language processing,syntax,parsing,large scale text processing,text mining,language processing
Projet ERC : TIME-BRIDGE (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : Max Planck Society — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : MPG
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1173125.0 €

The possibility to produce materials with ultra-strengths could revolutionize materials design. Since 80 years ultra-strength materials are known to exist only theoretically. Now, new experiments show that traditional believe can be overcome by nanostructured design. Yet, while selected experiments point towards this scientifically fascinating and technologically important possibility (e.g., for advances in structural and functional materials), further progress crucially relies on insight from theoretical simulations. The most successful simulation tool is molecular dynamics. Recent advances in hardware allow to tackle trillions of atoms making a comparison with nano-experiments almost possible. The nagging problem is, however, a huge time-scale gap of up to ten orders of magnitude and none of the presently available approaches is able to cope with this discrepancy. TIME-BRIDGE aims at solving the time-scale problem by borrowing a concept well known and developed in the field of first-principles simulations: the pseudopotential ansatz. In first principles simulations a similar time scale gap exists between slow and fast moving electrons. The solution is to capture the effect of the fast electrons only effectively within a pseudopotential while retaining the motion of slow electrons important for chemical bonding. An equivalent pseudopotential ansatz is envisioned to be applicable to the fast thermal motion of atoms, the origin of the time scale problem. Capturing the thermal motion in an effective potential will allow to simulate the relevant mechanical processes occurring on microsecond and second time scales. In TIME-BRIDGE high risk and high gains apply: the physics of electrons is distinct from the atomic motion possibly making the pseudopotential ansatz non-transferable, but—based on PI’s distinguished expertise and his recent methodological advancements—a route to bridge the fundamental time scale gap might arise.

Mots-clés : molecular dynamics simulations,first principles calculations,finite temperatures,method development,numerical algorithms,ultra strength,mechanical properties,computational materials design
Projet ERC : BRAINMINT (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Complexity
Entité participante : University of Oslo — Pays : Norvège — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UiO
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 946113.0 €

The potential and boundaries of the human mind is determined by dynamic interactions between the environment and the individual genetic architecture. However, despite several breakthroughs, the genetic revolution has not provided a coherent account of the development of the mind and its disorders, and the missing heritability is large across human traits. One explanation of this impasse is the complexity of the gene-environment interactions. Current knowledge about the determinants of a healthy mind is largely based on studies whose modus operandi is to treat the environment as a static entity, neglecting to consider the crucial fact that environmental inputs and their genetic interactions vary dramatically between life phases. The objective of BRAINMINT is to provide this missing link by zeroing in on two major life transitions, namely adolescence and pregnancy. These phases are characterized by temporarily increased brain plasticity, offering windows for adaptation and growth, but also host the emergence of common mental disorders. I propose that a multi-level investigation with this dark side of brain plasticity as the axis mundi will add a mechanistic understanding of this link between growth and vulnerability. I will test the main hypothesis that mechanisms that boost neuroplasticity promote adaptation to a dynamic environment, but at the cost of increased risk of psychopathology if exposed to a combination of genetic and environmental triggers. To this end I will utilize cutting-edge longitudinal brain imaging, electrophysiology, rich cognitive and clinical data, immune markers, gene expression and genetics. I will leverage on massive imaging data (n>40,000) and novel tools to increase power and generalizability and improve brain- and gene-based predictions of complex traits. Aiming to help resolving one of the modern day enigmas, BRAINMINT is a pioneering and high risk/high gain effort to find mechanisms of brain plasticity that support and harm the brain.
Projet ERC : BRAINMINT (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Complexity
Entité participante : Oslo University Hospital — Pays : Norvège — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 500000.0 €

The potential and boundaries of the human mind is determined by dynamic interactions between the environment and the individual genetic architecture. However, despite several breakthroughs, the genetic revolution has not provided a coherent account of the development of the mind and its disorders, and the missing heritability is large across human traits. One explanation of this impasse is the complexity of the gene-environment interactions. Current knowledge about the determinants of a healthy mind is largely based on studies whose modus operandi is to treat the environment as a static entity, neglecting to consider the crucial fact that environmental inputs and their genetic interactions vary dramatically between life phases. The objective of BRAINMINT is to provide this missing link by zeroing in on two major life transitions, namely adolescence and pregnancy. These phases are characterized by temporarily increased brain plasticity, offering windows for adaptation and growth, but also host the emergence of common mental disorders. I propose that a multi-level investigation with this dark side of brain plasticity as the axis mundi will add a mechanistic understanding of this link between growth and vulnerability. I will test the main hypothesis that mechanisms that boost neuroplasticity promote adaptation to a dynamic environment, but at the cost of increased risk of psychopathology if exposed to a combination of genetic and environmental triggers. To this end I will utilize cutting-edge longitudinal brain imaging, electrophysiology, rich cognitive and clinical data, immune markers, gene expression and genetics. I will leverage on massive imaging data (n>40,000) and novel tools to increase power and generalizability and improve brain- and gene-based predictions of complex traits. Aiming to help resolving one of the modern day enigmas, BRAINMINT is a pioneering and high risk/high gain effort to find mechanisms of brain plasticity that support and harm the brain.