Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : NEW_FUN (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : Universidade Nova de Lisboa — Pays : Portugal — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : NOVA
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1429719.0 €

Fully recyclable and low cost electronic goods are still far from reality. My interest is in creating environmental friendly advanced functional materials and processes able to result in new class of paper based electronic products. This represents a reborn of the paper millenary industry for a plethora of low cost, recyclable and disposable electronics, putting Europe in the front line of a new era of consumer electronics. While the vision of the proposal is a very ambitious one, my ground-breaking research work to date related with oxide based transistors on paper (from which I am one of the co-inventors) has contributed to the basic technological breakthroughs needed to create the key elements to establish a new era of paper electronics. Field effect transistors (FETs), memory and CMOS devices, with excellent electronic performance and using paper as substrate and dielectric have resulted from my recent work. What I am proposing now is to reinvent the concept of paper electronics. In NEW_FUN I want to develop a completely new and disruptive approach where functionalized cellulose fibers will be used not only as dielectric but also as semiconductor and conductor able to coexist in a multilayer paper structure. That is, assembling paper that can have different functionalities locally, on each face or even along its entire thickness/bulk. This way issues such as failure under bending, mechanical robustness and stability can be minimized. Doing so, electronic and electrochemical devices can be produced not only on paper but also from paper. The outputs of NEW_FUN will open the door to turn paper into a real electronic material making possible disposable/recyclable electronic products, such as smart labels/packages (e.g. food and medicine industry), sensors for air quality control (car, house and industry environments); disposable electronic devices such as bio-detection platforms, lab-on-paper systems, among others.
Projet ERC : FIND-seq (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems
Entité participante : St. anna kinderkrebsforschung gmbh — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1784000.0 €

Functional non-coding regions of the genome play a fundamental role in gene expression and are enriched for disease associated variants. Perturbation of non-coding regions harbouring disease-associated variants is now the rationale of ongoing clinical trials (e.g. NCT03432364), highlighting the translational potential of basic research in the non-coding space. However, our ability to systematically identify disease-associated functional elements in the non-coding genome, understand its grammar, and subsequently develop new therapies is limited. CRISPR-based pooled screens targeting non-coding elements in situ have been successful in uncovering complex gene regulatory architecture in a variety of biological systems. However, these approaches are limited to a few loci, lack of direct genotype-phenotype correlation, and do not target large chromatin structures that determine gene expression programs. To overcome these limitations, I propose a multi-scale approach platform that is generalizable to different cell types and phenotypes. Under this proposal, I will focus on the role of non-coding sequences in the context of blood malignancies. I will investigate non-coding sequences whose change in chromatin state (activation or repression) is associated with drug resistance in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML). I will study alterations in the chromatin structure (i.e. at chromatin loops or topologically associated domains) that are causal to imatinib resistance in CML. Finally, to learn enhancer grammar and mechanistically link non-coding variants to disease, I will focus on non-coding sequence variation in leukemia and dissect non-coding sequences at base pair resolution using dense mutagenesis coupled with long-reads sequencing. A deeper understanding of the non-coding regulatory architecture in diseases will provide the basis for development of innovative therapies targeting the non-coding genome.
Projet ERC : NOSCEMUS (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : Universität Innsbruck — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2000542.5 €

Fundamental changes occurred in the study of nature between the late 15th and 18th centuries, leading to the emergence of modern science as we know it. This process would have been impossible without Latin as the scientific lingua franca of the era, just as today's science is hard to imagine without English. At present, this crucial role of Latin is insufficiently acknowledged, and the hundreds of thousands of scientific texts written in Latin have largely remained neglected. This severely limits the scope of research into the history of early modern science, an otherwise thriving field. The proposed project intends to decisively advance our understanding of the interrelation of Latin and science in early modern times. By applying the methods of Latin philology, yet at the same time reaching out to historians of science, it will establish early modern scientific literature in Latin as an interdisciplinary research field. This will be accomplished (a) by examining and classifying the formal variety and range of content of this literature to create an overall picture (b) by analysing its function as a medium of communication within and beyond the scientific community. To realise the first of these objectives, a tripartite database for authors, early modern texts, and secondary literature will be compiled and a sourcebook with a selection of digitally searchable texts put together, both of which will be made available online. A monograph will provide an overview structured according to the literary genres of early modern scientific literature in Latin. The second objective will be achieved through a series of interlinked monographs, whose analyses will build on the system of ancient rhetoric, the most important communicative paradigm of the early modern age. On this basis, four key functions of Latin scientific texts will be assessed: naming new phenomena; describing and explaining them; convincing others of the views expressed; and promoting science.

Mots-clés : neo latin literature,early modern science,rhetoric
Projet ERC : PRESCREENARRAY (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : Karlsruhe Institute of Technology — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : KIT
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 147247.0 €

Funded by the ERC-Starting Grant COMBIPATTERNING, we have conducted proof-of-principle experiments to synthesize peptide arrays with a density of up 25 Mio spots per cm2 (2 µm pitch). With these spot densities, a microscope slide would display more than a Billion different peptide spots, which is comparable to phage display technologies. Therefore, we want to verify the innovation potential of our novel very-high-density peptide arrays that should find a market in all kinds of applications where pre-screening of large peptide libraries is done. We think our novel PreScreenArrays should do much better than currently available display technologies and chemical compound libraries due to the following features: (a) The manufacturing cost of PreScreenArrays will be unprecedentedly low, (b) very small sample volumes, e.g. antibody sera can be analysed with our densely packed arrays, (c) we are fast and cheap in analysing the peptide arrays for binders since we don’t need any readout (we know the peptide’s sequence at every spot), (d) we can easily build into PreScreenArrays all kinds of artificial building blocks, e.g. posttranslational modifications of amino acids (which is a huge advantage over all display technologies), (e) we can easily synthesize focused libraries (i.e. some amino acids are fixed, while others are varied, e.g. to screen for improved antibiotic peptides), and (f) we can easily synthesize cyclic peptides that – similar to chemical compound libraries – should yield high-affinity binders for target proteins (cyclic peptides fold into fewer 3D structures when compared to linear peptides). We think that these features translate into a highly competitive technology, when compared to display techniques, and, eventually, also to chemical compound libraries.

Mots-clés : peptide arrays combinatorial synthesis
Projet ERC : MEMBRANEFUSION (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions
Entité participante : UK Research and Innovation — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UKRI
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1785961.0 €

Fusion of two biological membranes is essential to life. It is required during organism development, for trafficking of material between cellular compartments, for transfer of information across synapses, and for entry of viruses into cells. Fusion must be carefully controlled and the core fusion components are typically found within a complex regulatory machine. There have been decades of research on the structure and function of individual components, on the dynamics and biophysics of fusion, and on phenotypes resulting from mutating or inhibiting component proteins. These have led to a model for fusion in which regulated refolding or assembly of proteins draws two membranes closer together until they fuse. Despite this breadth of study, we know very little about how the components of the fusion machinery function in context: How are they arranged on the membrane around the site of fusion? How do they respond structurally to regulation? How does the fully assembled machinery rearrange to reshape the membrane and drive fusion? These gaps in knowledge can be attributed to a shortage of structural biology methods able to derive structural data on proteins assembled within complex, heterogeneous or dynamic environments such as a fusion site. Here I propose to apply a combination of state-of-the-art cryo-electron tomography, image processing and correlative fluorescence and electron microscopy methods to obtain detailed structural information on assembled fusion machineries and of fusion intermediates both in vitro and in vivo. I will study how influenza virus fuses with a target membrane, complemented by studies on fusion of HIV-1 and of synaptic vesicles. By determining how viral and synaptic fusion complexes reposition and restructure prior to fusion, how they arrange around the fusion site, how they reshape the membrane to induce fusion, and how these processes can be regulated and inhibited, I will derive a mechanistic model of membrane fusion in situ.

Mots-clés : cryo electron microscopy,membrane fusion,virus entry,influenza
Projet ERC : COASTMOVE (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : VU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2499608.75 €

Future sea level rise (SLR), extreme flood events, and urbanization pressure will increase coastal flood risk, and in the absence of costly flood protection measures in numerous regions, millions of coastal residents will be forced to migrate to safer locations. This research addresses the significant challenge these trends pose to adaptation and migration policy: Which coastal areas will be protected, and in which regions will coastal migration become the inevitable adaptation option? To tackle this challenge, I propose focusing on the human adaptive and migration behavior of residents and other agents within one global framework by integrating (1) a global coastal flood risk model with (2) an agent-based model (ABM). Current global coastal risk assessment and migration methods do not address individuals’ dynamic decisions regarding SLR and extreme flood events, and instead assume their adaptive behavior remains constant. However, the drivers that motivate people to migrate and adapt vary over time and space, and to capture these drivers (3) empirical data will be collected across seven surveys to parametrize realistic ranges for the behavioral rules in the ABM. (4) Novel global databases on flood protection, demography and socio-economy will be developed to extrapolate behavioral rules from the cases to other coastal areas. (5) State-of-the-art big-data methods using Twitter, mobile phone and IRS tax-filing data will be used to calibrate and validate migration patterns simulated by the global framework. The framework offers several advantages: high resolution (1x1km2) global migration, adaptation, and risk projections (2020–2100); novel maps of future migration hotspots; an improved understanding of what drivers (environmental, socio-economic, demographic, etc.) and interactions between stakeholders influence adaptation and migration decisions; and groundbreaking big-data validation. The framework will be used to assess adaptation and migration policies.

Mots-clés : coastal flood risk,sea level rise,climate adaptation,socio hydrology,risk assessment,migration
Projet ERC : DE-ORPHAN (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : University of Copenhagen — Pays : Danemark — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UCPH
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499926.25 €

G protein-coupled receptors make up both the largest membrane protein and drug target families. DE-ORPHAN aims to determine the close functional context; specifically physiological agonists and signaling pathways; and provide the first research tool compounds, of orphan peptide receptors. Determination of physiological agonists (aka de-orphanization), by high-throughput screening has largely failed. We will introduce a new research strategy: 1) developing highly innovative bioinformatics methods for handpicking of all orphan receptor targets and candidate ligand screening libraries; and 2) employing a screening technique that can measure all signaling pathways simultaneously. The first potent and selective pharmacological tool compounds will be identified by chemoinformatic design of focused screening libraries. We will establish the ligands’ structure-activity relationships important for biological activity and further optimization towards drugs. The first potent and selective Gs- and G12/13 protein inhibitors will be designed by structure-based re-optimization from a recent crystal structure of a Gq-inhibitor complex, and applied to determine orphan receptor signaling pathways and ligand pathway-bias. They will open up for efficient dissection of important signaling networks and development of drugs with fewer side effects. DE-ORPHANs design hypotheses are based on unique computational methods to analyze protein and ligand similarities and are founded on genomic and protein sequences, structural data and ligands. The interdisciplinary research strategy applies multiple ligands acting independently but in concert to provide complementary receptor characterization. The results will allow the research field to advance into studies of receptor functions and exploitation of druggable targets, ligands and mechanisms. Which physiological insights and therapeutic breakthroughs will we witness when these receptors find their place in human pharmacology and medicine?

Mots-clés : gpcr,g protein coupled receptor,computational ligand design,computer aided drug design,computational chemistry,chemical synthesis,structure based drug design,chemoinformatics
Projet ERC : GRAPHEME (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Proof of concept grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : Fondation Jean-Marie Lehn — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CIRFC
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 30000.0 €

GRAPHEME will combine chemically tailored graphene and related materials (GRMs) with capillary membranes (CMs) technology to engineer a radically new generation of CMs, exploiting simultaneously the outstanding adsorption properties of GRMs with the physical sieving potential of CMs, to ultimately improve the quality of potable water. GRMs’ hybrids hold a disruptive potential as sieving materials to boost the CMs performance as they possess an ideal tailor-made structure and tunable physicochemical properties. In a recent breakthrough, foams based on GRMs functionalized with polymers were used to sequester heavy metal ions from water with an unprecedented efficiency. Their high surface area with sp2 hybridization favors the adsorption of organic molecules. The functional groups on the GRM surface enable to tune both the water permeability and the binding of ions, thereby favoring the removal of inorganic contaminants. Significantly, no other material currently used for water treatment combines all these key properties. GRAPHEME’s CMs will combine the removal of toxic pollutants with rejection of particles, microorganisms and dissolved solids thanks to the synergy between micro/ultrafiltration by CM scaffolds and GRM multitarget adsorption. Towards the GRAPHEME technology commercialization, we will define the exploitation strategy, including IP positioning, market survey, business model and fundraising. This will also include partnering with key enablers – business-related and technological – for commercial success. A technical and commercial proof-of-concept will be established by developing a prototype to ultimately bring our CMs technology closer to the market. GRAPHEME will set new standards for the best exploitation of water for the mankind and will give the means to governing authorities to strengthen regulation. By developing new protocols for water purification, a major technological revolution will take place, positively affecting a number of industries.

Mots-clés : membranes,water purification,recyclability,graphene and related materials,heavy metal ion removal
Projet ERC : GRAPHICS (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Systems and communication engineering
Entité participante : Centrale Lyon — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : EC Lyon
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1917537.0 €

GRAPHICS aims at developing novel chip-based photonic devices for all-optical signal processing in graphene/ semiconductor hybrid platforms. The resulting architectures will be the cornerstone of a disruptive optical routing and processing technology on silicon chips for communications as well as Datacom and interconnect applications. These will also pave the way towards the photonic-microelectronic convergence, through the realization of CMOS compatible platforms. Our research program will focus on two main classes of nonlinear optical devices: (1) integrated pulsed III-V/ Si microlasers, and (2) all-optical signal processing devices, relying on two distinct nonlinear features of graphene, i.e. its saturable absorption and its nonlinear Kerr response, respectively. In addition, the capability of tuning graphene properties electrically will allow us to create fundamentally flexible and reconfigurable intelligent optical devices. The two classes of nonlinear devices targeted in the project represent significant achievements in their own right. However, they share some scientific and technological challenges. For instance, relevant strategies must be found for enhancing the typically low interaction of light with the monolayer of carbon atoms, as needed for the device miniaturization. Here, we will combine graphene with the nanophotonic toolbox -microcavities, or slow light photonic crystals- to enhance the light-graphene interaction and realize compact chip-scale devices. More fundamentally, these two classes of nonlinear devices will jointly contribute to shape the long-term vision of a fully integrated photonic platform, in which the pulsed microlaser delivers directly on-chip the optical peak power necessary to trigger all other "intelligent" devices onto the same circuit. GRAPHICS will therefore help to "draw" a novel generation of photonic integrated circuits and architectures, with graphene playing a key role, to be used for managing high-speed optical data.

Mots-clés : integrated microphotonic devices,nonlinear optical processes,light matter interaction,graphene,slow light,silicon photonics
Projet ERC : GRIEVANCE (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : University of London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : U. London
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1458345.0 €

GRIEVANCE seeks to make significant advances in increasing our understanding, and thereby reducing the risk, of extremist violence against non-combatants. An inter-disciplinary project underpinned by crime prevention principles is needed to help quantify the risk of such offences. The barbarity of such violent acts, coupled with the fact that participation in them is characterised by an extremely low base rate, has led researchers to seek out individual qualities of the offender with a particular focus upon what radicalisation is and how its drivers can be countered. This search has proven unproductive and impractical. In fact, it has most likely limited and unduly narrowed a wider consideration of the ways in which social scientists can bring what conceptual tools we have to bear on the problem of controlling and managing such behaviour. By doing so, this project shifts the focus from individual qualities (what we think terrorists and other similar offenders “are”) to a consideration of the situational qualities of their behaviour – in other words, what violent offenders do and how they do it (Horgan, 2009: 143). This is consistent with developments in the area of crime control (Cornish and Clarke, 1986; Brantingham & Brantingham, 1981) and crime science more generally. More specifically, GRIEVANCE will utilise a number of unique datasets to understand the risk of extremist violence across a number of phases of analysis. GRIEVANCE characterises risk in terms of a process and dedicates a work package (WP) to each stage of the process from the risk of radicalisation (WP1), to the risk of recruitment (WP2), to the risk of violent action (WP3), to the temporal (WP4) and spatial (WP5) risk of offending behaviour followed by an assessment of the risk of adverse consequences from intervention (WP6). GRIEVANCE will both synthesise the existing knowledge within the literature and produce innovative new findings by utilising cutting edge inter-disciplinary research methods.

Mots-clés : extremism,violence,risk management