Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : POINTS (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Complexity
Entité participante : University of London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : U. London
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1375110.0 €

“Social perception” has emerged as an umbrella term to describe research addressing the visual perception of others. To date, this discipline has focused on the perception of individuals; for example, researchers have examined the visual processing of faces and facial expressions, body shapes and postures, actions and kinematics. The resulting body of research suggests that social stimuli are detected by specialised mechanisms, recruit dedicated perceptual models, and are processed by particular neural substrates. However, while social perception research has made considerable progress elucidating the visual perception of individuals, virtually nothing is known about the visual perception of social interactions; how we detect, encode, and interpret visual displays of social interactions viewed from third-person perspectives. Given the adaptive value of accurate interaction interpretation, this paucity of knowledge represents a remarkable gap in our understanding of social perception. POINTS will develop a battery of original behavioural and neuroimaging paradigms to reveal the neurocognitive mechanisms that mediate this essential form of social perception. The overarching objective of POINTS will be achieved by addressing five research questions: 1) Do observers exhibit evidence of interaction detection mechanisms? 2) How do we process fleeting visual displays of social interactions? 3) How do we represent dynamic interaction change? 4) Do specialised neural substrates mediate interaction perception? 5) Do some observers exhibit impaired interaction perception? The POINTS project represents a significant step-change in social perception research. Understanding the mechanisms of interaction perception will provide new insights into the organisation of the human visual system, and will inform attempts to remediate socio-cognitive and perceptual deficits in neurodevelopmental populations, including those with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Mots-clés : social perception,face perception,body perception,facial expressions,autism spectrum disorder,visual perception
Projet ERC : EuQu (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Synergy grants)
Entité participante : Autonomous University of Barcelona — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UAB
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 118993.75 €

“The European Qur’an” (EuQu) will study the place of the Muslim holy book in European cultural and religious history (c.1150-1850), situating European perceptions of the Qur’an and of Islam in the fractured religious, political, and intellectual landscape of this long period. The Qur’an plays a key role not only in polemical interactions with Islam, but also in debates between Christians of different persuasions and is central to the epistemological reconfigurations that are at the basis of modernity in Europe, from Iberia to Hungary. The Qur’an is deeply imbedded in the political and religious thought of Europe and part of the intellectual repertoire of Medieval and Early Modern Europeans of different Christian denominations, of European Jews, freethinkers, atheists and of course of European Muslims. We will study how the European Qur’an is interpreted, adapted, used, and formed in Christian European contexts – often in close interaction with the Islamic world. EuQu will produce, over a six-year period: 1. A GIS-mapped database of the European Qur’an, containing extensive information about Qur’an manuscripts and printed editions (in Arabic, Greek, Latin, and European vernaculars) produced between 1143 and 1800 as well as prosopographical data about the principal actors involved in these endeavours (copyists, translators, publishers). 2. A series of publications: PhDs, monographs written by postdocs and PIs, special issues of academic journals, and animated digital publications for a wider audience and educational uses. They will make key breakthroughs in their fields, dealing with aspects of the transmission, translation and study of the Qur’an in Europe, on the role the Qur’an played in debates about European cultural and religious identities, and more broadly about the place of the Qur’an in European culture. 3. A major exhibition during the final year of the project, “The European Qur’an” to be held at museums in Nantes, London, Budapest and Madrid.

Mots-clés : qur an,religious and cultural history,religious polemics,translation,sacred texts,orientalism,muslims in europe,manuscript culture,history of print,arabic
Projet ERC : EuQu (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Synergy grants)
Entité participante : Hungarian Academy of Sciences — Pays : Hongrie — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : MTA
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 37625.0 €

“The European Qur’an” (EuQu) will study the place of the Muslim holy book in European cultural and religious history (c.1150-1850), situating European perceptions of the Qur’an and of Islam in the fractured religious, political, and intellectual landscape of this long period. The Qur’an plays a key role not only in polemical interactions with Islam, but also in debates between Christians of different persuasions and is central to the epistemological reconfigurations that are at the basis of modernity in Europe, from Iberia to Hungary. The Qur’an is deeply imbedded in the political and religious thought of Europe and part of the intellectual repertoire of Medieval and Early Modern Europeans of different Christian denominations, of European Jews, freethinkers, atheists and of course of European Muslims. We will study how the European Qur’an is interpreted, adapted, used, and formed in Christian European contexts – often in close interaction with the Islamic world. EuQu will produce, over a six-year period: 1. A GIS-mapped database of the European Qur’an, containing extensive information about Qur’an manuscripts and printed editions (in Arabic, Greek, Latin, and European vernaculars) produced between 1143 and 1800 as well as prosopographical data about the principal actors involved in these endeavours (copyists, translators, publishers). 2. A series of publications: PhDs, monographs written by postdocs and PIs, special issues of academic journals, and animated digital publications for a wider audience and educational uses. They will make key breakthroughs in their fields, dealing with aspects of the transmission, translation and study of the Qur’an in Europe, on the role the Qur’an played in debates about European cultural and religious identities, and more broadly about the place of the Qur’an in European culture. 3. A major exhibition during the final year of the project, “The European Qur’an” to be held at museums in Nantes, London, Budapest and Madrid.

Mots-clés : qur an,religious and cultural history,religious polemics,translation,sacred texts,orientalism,muslims in europe,manuscript culture,history of print,arabic
Projet ERC : HECATE (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Condensed matter physics
Entité participante : University of Edinburgh — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2277206.0 €

Hydrogen is the simplest and most abundant element in the universe. It exists under extreme conditions in stars and planets. Nuclear fusion, requires creating such extreme temperature and pressure on earth. Lightweight storage of hydrogen in condensed form would unleash its potential as a fuel. The behaviour of a collection of protons and electrons presents an iconic challenge in fundamental physics. Diamond anvil cells (DAC) recently generated pressures above 400GPa, accessing conditions where the mechanical work of compression equals the chemical bonding energy. Most elements undergo dramatic structural changes in this regime, and rival predictions for hydrogen include molecular and atomic metals, superfluidity, superconductivity and one-dimensional melting. Yet when the new phase IV was discovered in 2011, it was none of these things: it was a totally unexpected complex molecular insulator. At these conditions experimental data is sparse: we must exploit it to the fullest extent, yet previous theoretical work has concentrated on routine density functional theory (DFT) simulation producing unmeasurable predictions. I will conduct a programme combining neutron scattering and Raman spectroscopy with theory and simulation focused on measurable quantities. This will require developing and implementing heuristic theories which do not currently exist. I will develop methods to find free energy, theory to extract Raman frequencies and linewidths from simulation, and techniques to determine the signature from entanglement of quantum rotors. This requires a thorough re-examination of the quantum scattering processes in the framework of DFT, including the interaction timescale and in metals, and a full quantum treatment of indistinguishable nuclei. Thus HECATE will be uniquely placed not only to produce new phases of hydrogen, but to reliably identify what has been found.

Mots-clés : hydrogen,pressure,free energy,electronic structure
Projet ERC : InflammaTENSION (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : University of Glasgow — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1792330.0 €

Hypertension is a common disease impacting 1 billion people worldwide, which leads to catastrophic cardiovascular complications. The cause of primary hypertension is unknown and the disease remains uncontrolled in many patients. By interrogating the key hypothesis that inflammatory dysregulation fundamentally controls development of hypertension and vascular remodelling, InflammaTENSION provides a new paradigm for the management of the disease, with the potential to lead to identification of novel therapeutic targets to control hypertension. InflammaTENSION will result in the discovery of novel biomarkers, capable of identifying patients who could benefit from such immune targeted therapies. Importantly, we already made the seminal observation that the immune system not only mediates target organ damage, but is essential for the development of hypertension. This finding has initiated numerous studies, that defined the roles of pro-inflammatory T cells, monocytes and anti-inflammatory T regulatory cells. However, our current knowledge remains very fragmented and so far has not been applied to human pathology. InflammaTENSION will for the first time advance the knowledge procured in rodent models into human studies. By combining clinical translational and model mechanistic studies it will identify novel inflammatory factors that can control immune mechanisms of hypertension. We will: (1) characterize the immunophenotypic signature of human hypertension; (2) define key concepts in cytokine biology of hypertension with TNF-α and IL-6 as key exemplars; (3) understand how chronic cytokines regulate the T cell dependent mechanisms of hypertension. InflammaTENSION will go beyond current state-of-the-art through comprehensive combination of immunology and cardiovascular medicine to create a new understanding of how the immune system may lead to human hypertension and will have major impact on the field, enabling translation of these exciting findings to clinical practice.

Mots-clés : hypertension,blood pressure,endothelium,inflammation,vascular,perivascular
Projet ERC : PlanArt (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Complexity
Entité participante : University of Helsinki — Pays : Finlande — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UH
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 127383.75 €

I address major controversies relating to the basic underpinnings of the human speech production system. These concern a) the nature of the mental representations of speech sounds (symbolic vs. spatiotemporal; phonemic vs. non-phonemic gestural), b) the goals of movement (articulatory vs. explicitly acoustic; with emergent vs. explicit surface durations), and c) the processes for planning and generating speech articulations (oscillator-based mechanisms vs. Optimal Control Theory and Lee’s Tau theory). PlanArt will offer the first systematic attempt to determine which theoretical assumptions about each of these three fundamental components are required to provide an adequate account of human speech production behaviour. This ambitious task requires a cutting-edge two-pronged approach. First, through novel experiments I will test predictions of theoretical alternatives for types of phonological representations, output goals, and planning processes. Many of these experiments are inspired by theory and techniques in the non-speech motor literature, which are new to the field of speech production. In the second prong of my research, I will provide a comparison of the articulatory outputs of computational models based on particular sets of core theoretical assumptions. This second, modelling prong will include the development of a flexible, modular platform allowing for parallel implementation, testing, and comparison of competing theoretical assumptions in terms of model outputs, as well as the development of a computational implementation of a new approach, proposed by team members Turk & Shattuck-Hufnagel (2020a) to address shortcomings in the literature. Taken together, this work will provide converging evidence for the nature of the bedrock elements and processes of speech production and will deliver answers to longstanding questions in phonology and phonetics about the way we plan the pronunciations of words in different contexts.

Mots-clés : speech planning,speech articulation,phonology,phonetics
Projet ERC : CONCERTO (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Universe sciences
Entité participante : Aix-Marseille Université — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : amU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2214437.0 €

I propose for funding to construct a spectrometer to map in 3-D the intensity due to line emission, a technique known as Intensity Mapping. Instead of detecting individual galaxies, this emerging technique measures signal fluctuations produced by the combined emission of the galaxy population on large regions of the sky in a wide frequency (i.e. redshift) band, and thus increases sensitivity to faint sources. Capitalizing on a recent technology breakthrough, our intensity mapping experiment will measure the 3-D fluctuations of the [CII] line at redshifts 4.5<z<8.5. [CII] is one of the most valuable star formation tracers at high redshift. My project will answer the outstanding questions of whether dusty star-formation contributes to early galaxy evolution, and whether dusty galaxies play an important role in shaping cosmic reionization. My team will first build, test, and finally install the instrument on the APEX antenna following an agreement with APEX partners. The spectrometer will be based on the state-of-the-art development of new arrays in the millimeter using Kinetic Inductance Detectors. Spectra (200-360 GHz) will be obtained by a fast Martin-Puplett interferometer. Then, we will observe with CONCERTO a few square degrees and offer a straight forward alternative for probing star formation and dust build-up in the early Universe. Finally, CONCERTO will set to music the various cosmic evolution probes. Cross-correlation of the signals will be used in particular to capture the topology of the end of reionization era. CONCERTO will be one of two instruments in the world to perform intensity mapping of the [CII] line in the short term. The novel methodology is extremely promising as it targets an unexplored observable touching on some of the fundamental processes building the early universe. In the flourishing of new ideas in the intensity-mapping field, CONCERTO lies at the forefront.

Mots-clés : submillimeter and millimeter astronomy,high redshift galaxies,reionization
Projet ERC : CheSSTaG (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : University of London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : U. London
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1310835.0 €

I propose here a research program aimed to the design a completely new platform for drug delivery. I will combine our existing repertoire of molecular engineering tools based around our established approach to design responsive nanoparticles known as Polymersomes to integrate new features using clinically safe and biodegradable components that will make them super-selective and chemotactic toward glucose gradients so to deliver large therapeutic payload into the central nervous systems and the brain in particular targeting cancer cells harbouring within the healthy. We will do so by engineering components using supramolecular interaction inspired by biological complexity equipping carriers with the ability to self-propelled as a function of glucose gradient. I will complement our proposed design with advanced biological characterisation associating functional information arising form the physiological barrier to structural parameters integrated into the final carrier design.

Mots-clés : drug delivery,blood brain barriers,active colloids,multivalent targeting
Projet ERC : POLYQUANT (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Physical and analytical chemical sciences
Entité participante : Eötvös Loránd University — Pays : Hongrie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ELTE
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1424175.0 €

I propose research for an increasingly accurate quantum mechanical computation of small molecular systems including non-adiabatic, relativistic, and radiative effects. The computed rovibronic energy intervals will be directly comparable with high-resolution and precision spectroscopy measurements. The accuracy goal for theory (and experiment) is more than six-orders of magnitude tighter than the usual chemical accuracy defined to be on the order of 1 kcal/mol. The rovibronic eigenstates obtained from effective non-adiabatic, relativistic-radiative Hamiltonians to be developed will provide the most fundamental and most detailed quantum dynamical fingerprint of the molecular system, and as a complete database they are necessary for the simulation of a variety of molecular phenomena including ultrafast laser-molecule interactions.

Mots-clés : theoretical molecular quantum dynamics of small,gas phase molecules,non adiabatic,relativistic and radiative effects in the molecular spectrum
Projet ERC : METAmorphoses (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : Italian Institute of Technology — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2745000.0 €

I propose to realize the first shapeshifting optical metasurface that changes its functionality on-demand and adapts to changing external conditions. The metasurface may work as a chemically selective lens that allows transmission only of the spectral fingerprint of a specific molecule in the mid-IR wavelength range. The same metasurface can later be turned into an adaptive lens for focusing and detection under the skin. For such ambitious goal, a radically new approach is needed. I will realize shapeshifting metasurfaces made of a polymer containing photo-switchable molecules. The surface of such polymers undergoes a morphology re-organization (surface structuring) when illuminated by an external visible light pattern. The polymer will be structured with visible light and the resulting metasurfaces will work in the mid-IR. I will use state-of-the-art optical nano-imaging techniques to investigate the surface structuring phenomenon at the nanoscale in order to achieve full control of the mechanism. Since the polymer surface can continuously be adjusted with the illuminating visible light, it will be possible to shift from one encoded optical functionality to a completely different one. Once optimized, this completely out-of-the-box approach will be completed by developing a feedback mechanism that allows for self- adjustment of the polymeric metasurface to changing external conditions. This will open endless possibilities in many fields, from medical imaging to security and quality control. The proposed approach is unprecedented but it is perfectly in line with my research activities, resulting in fact from merging different techniques that I master into a new research field. My approach is also inexpensive relative to the usual nano-fabrication techniques and immediately compatible with high-volume production, providing a viable technology platform for lightweight, eyewear technology, that reflects the views of key industrial players in the field.

Mots-clés : planar photonics,light activated elastomers