Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : CESYDE (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing
Entité participante : Deutsche diabetes forschungsgesellschaft ev — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Ddfg
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1492313.75 €

Sphingolipids including ceramides are building blocks of cell membranes, but also act as regulated intracellular messenger molecules. Emerging data indicate that sphingolipids are dynamically regulated by nutrients, and in turn control systemic metabolism, for example, by modulating insulin secretion, proliferation and cell death of pancreatic beta cells. Dysfunction and death of beta cells are key events during the development of diabetes, from which more than 400 million patients suffer worldwide. While pharmacological inhibition of general ceramide biosynthesis is protective against diabetes in animal studies, side effects of total loss of ceramides prevent medical implementation. The de novo synthesis of ceramides is fully dependent on six ceramide synthase enzymes (CerS 1-6), which are expressed in a tissue specific manner, and generate ceramides with different chain lengths. Currently, the functional roles and regulatory modulators of each CerS are unknown in pancreatic beta cells. Importantly, the downstream mechanisms by which ceramides impair beta cell function and eventually cause diabetes are not defined. Here, I propose to combine genomics, proteomics and lipidomics to assess the function of ceramide synthases expressed in mouse and human beta cells. Furthermore, both the subcellular localisation and the post-translational modifications of CerS will be determined. The ceramide-interacting proteins mediating the deleterious effects of ceramides will be identified by lipid-protein crosslinking and functionally tested. Finally, in a translational approach, we will test the ability of recently generated novel specific CerS inhibitors with improved specificity to ameliorate beta cell stress, and improve insulin secretion in mouse and human beta cells. In sum, we will identify, characterize, validate and target ceramide synthases involved in beta cell biology and development of diabetes.

Mots-clés : diabetes,pancreatic beta cell,insulin secretion,apoptosis,sphingolipids,ceramides
Projet ERC : PHOSPhOR (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental constituents of matter
Entité participante : Sapienza University of Rome — Pays : Italie — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 190000.0 €

Spin-orbit optical phenomena can be broadly defined as those phenomena in which the polarization (“spin”) and the spatial structure (“orbit”) of an optical wave interact with each other and become spatially and/or temporally correlated, leading to novel effects or photonic applications. The project vision is a full-fledged spin-orbit photonic science and technology, and its achievement will be pursued by moving in three main directions: 1) We will develop innovative systems based on spin-orbit optical media for generating light fields exhibiting a complex spatial vector structure, both in two dimensions (transverse plane and transverse fields) and in three (i.e. involving time- and space-dependent polarization fields and longitudinal field components). We will extend these ideas to other spectral domains (terahertz waves) and explore the possible applications of these fields in areas such as optical manipulation, plasmonics, space-division multiplexing in optical fibers, time-domain terahertz spectroscopy, ultrafast optics. 2) We will exploit spin-orbit quantum correlations generated within single photons and/or among few correlated photons to demonstrate novel quantum-information protocols using both the polarization and the transverse modes to encode and manipulate multiple qubits in each photon and for the implementation of quantum simulations of material systems based on photonic quantum walks in the Hilbert space of the light transverse modes. 3) We will investigate novel or unexplained physical processes occurring in structured optical media and light-sensitive material systems which respond both to the optical polarization and to its spatial inhomogeneity. Such materials will then be used to manipulate and characterize spin-orbit vector states of light.

Mots-clés : structured light,orbital angular momentum,photonic media,singular optics,photosensitive materials,geometrical phase optical elements
Projet ERC : PHOSPhOR (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental constituents of matter
Entité participante : University of Naples Federico II — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1490833.0 €

Spin-orbit optical phenomena can be broadly defined as those phenomena in which the polarization (“spin”) and the spatial structure (“orbit”) of an optical wave interact with each other and become spatially and/or temporally correlated, leading to novel effects or photonic applications. The project vision is a full-fledged spin-orbit photonic science and technology, and its achievement will be pursued by moving in three main directions: 1) We will develop innovative systems based on spin-orbit optical media for generating light fields exhibiting a complex spatial vector structure, both in two dimensions (transverse plane and transverse fields) and in three (i.e. involving time- and space-dependent polarization fields and longitudinal field components). We will extend these ideas to other spectral domains (terahertz waves) and explore the possible applications of these fields in areas such as optical manipulation, plasmonics, space-division multiplexing in optical fibers, time-domain terahertz spectroscopy, ultrafast optics. 2) We will exploit spin-orbit quantum correlations generated within single photons and/or among few correlated photons to demonstrate novel quantum-information protocols using both the polarization and the transverse modes to encode and manipulate multiple qubits in each photon and for the implementation of quantum simulations of material systems based on photonic quantum walks in the Hilbert space of the light transverse modes. 3) We will investigate novel or unexplained physical processes occurring in structured optical media and light-sensitive material systems which respond both to the optical polarization and to its spatial inhomogeneity. Such materials will then be used to manipulate and characterize spin-orbit vector states of light.

Mots-clés : structured light,orbital angular momentum,photonic media,singular optics,photosensitive materials,geometrical phase optical elements
Projet ERC : ASTHMACRYSTALCLEAR (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy
Entité participante : Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie — Pays : Belgique — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : VIB
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2499846.0 €

Spontaneous protein crystallization is a rare event in biology. Eosinophilic inflammation such as seen in the airways in asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis and helminth infection is however accompanied by accumulation of large amounts of extracellular Charcot-Leyden crystals. These are made of Galectin-10, a protein of unknown function produced by eosinophils, hallmark cells of type 2 immunity. In mice, eosinophilic inflammation is also accompanied by protein crystal build up, composed of the chitinase-like proteins Ym1 and Ym2, produced by alternatively activated macrophages. Here we challenge the current view that these crystals are just markers of eosinophil demise or macrophages activation. We hypothesize that protein crystallization serves an active role in immunoregulation of type 2 immunity. On the one hand, crystallization might turn a harmless protein into a danger signal. On the other hand, crystallization might sequester and eliminate the physiological function of soluble Galectin-10 and Ym1, or prolong it via slow release elution. For full understanding, we therefore need to understand the function of the proteins in a soluble and crystalline state. Our program at the frontline of immunology, molecular structural biology and clinical science combines innovative tool creation and integrative research to investigate the structure, function, and physiology of galectin-10 and related protein crystals. We chose to study asthma as the crystallizing proteins are abundantly present in human and murine disease. There is still a large medical need for novel therapies that could benefit patients with chronic steroid-resistant disease, and are alternatives to eosinophil-depleting antibodies whose long term effects are unknown.

Mots-clés : asthma,allergy,protein crystallization
Projet ERC : TeStability (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : Hebrew University of Jerusalem — Pays : Israël — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : HUJI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 862406.0 €

Stability in algebra in general and in group theory, in particular, is a general name for questions of the following type: Is every "almost solution" a small deformation of an "exact solution"? E.g. (a) Are two unitary matrices which almost commute small deformations of matrices that do commute? or (b) Is every "almost homomorphism" from a group D to topological group G, a small deformation of a true homomorphism? So (a) is a special case of (b), with D = Z x Z and G = Un(C). In recent years, it has been discovered that "Group Stability" can be the path to the solution of some longstanding problems in group theory such as: Are all groups sofic? hyperlinear? (Two well known problems of Gromov and Connes, respectively). In computer science, property testing is an area which studies the possibility of having (random) algorithms that can check a property while reading only a small amount of the information. A major problem here is: Are there good locally testable codes? Namely, error correcting codes for which one can decide with a high degree of certainty that a vector is in the code, while reading only a small number of its bits. The current project will look at these group theoretic and codes problems from a unified point of view. Some partial works show that they are related to high dimensional expanders, Ramanujan complexes and to lattices in p-adic simple groups and their actions on the associated buildings. We plan to develop further methods to study stability and testability and eventually also to attack the holy grail problems of these areas.

Mots-clés : groups,cohomology,codes,stability,testability
Projet ERC : ECOGAL (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Synergy grants)
Entité participante : European Southern Observatory — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ESO
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 371387.5 €

Stars and planets are born from a large reservoir of diffuse gas and dust that permeates the Galaxy, the interstellar medium (ISM). The process is governed by the complex interplay of often competing physical agents such as gravity, turbulence, magnetic fields, and radiation. The system is organized in a hierarchy of scales, that link the disk of the Milky Way, to star-forming clouds, and eventually to protoplanetary disks, the cradles of planetary systems. Stellar feedback creates highly non-linear feedback loops that strongly influence the dynamical evolution across the entire cascade of scales. We witness a paradigm shift in galactic astronomy and astrophysics. Approaches that treat the constituents of the Galaxy in equilibrium and consider the various scales in isolation reach clear limits. A comprehensive understanding of our Milky Way requires us to consider the Galaxy as one single complex ecosystem, where dramatically different environments coexist and where varying conditions are found for star and planet formation, and ultimately for life. Exploring and understanding the Galactic ecosystem as well as the physical processes that govern its evolution define the research activities of ECOGAL. Our primary goal is to build a unifying predictive model of star and planet formation in the Milky Way. Based on a unique combination of theoretical modeling and multi-wavelengths observations, we will trace the properties of planet-forming disks back to their environment in different parts of the Galaxy, determine the physical processes that regulate the birth to stars and determine their key parameters, deliver a well calibrated galaxy template which can be used to study systems in the distant Universe. To reach these goals, ECOGAL unites four key research groups in Europe at the forefront in observational astronomy, numerical astrophysics, instrument development, and astroinformatics, whose synergy enables transformative progress in our understanding of our Galaxy.

Mots-clés : hierarchical structure formation,galactic ecosystem
Projet ERC : ECOGAL (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Synergy grants)
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 362500.0 €

Stars and planets are born from a large reservoir of diffuse gas and dust that permeates the Galaxy, the interstellar medium (ISM). The process is governed by the complex interplay of often competing physical agents such as gravity, turbulence, magnetic fields, and radiation. The system is organized in a hierarchy of scales, that link the disk of the Milky Way, to star-forming clouds, and eventually to protoplanetary disks, the cradles of planetary systems. Stellar feedback creates highly non-linear feedback loops that strongly influence the dynamical evolution across the entire cascade of scales. We witness a paradigm shift in galactic astronomy and astrophysics. Approaches that treat the constituents of the Galaxy in equilibrium and consider the various scales in isolation reach clear limits. A comprehensive understanding of our Milky Way requires us to consider the Galaxy as one single complex ecosystem, where dramatically different environments coexist and where varying conditions are found for star and planet formation, and ultimately for life. Exploring and understanding the Galactic ecosystem as well as the physical processes that govern its evolution define the research activities of ECOGAL. Our primary goal is to build a unifying predictive model of star and planet formation in the Milky Way. Based on a unique combination of theoretical modeling and multi-wavelengths observations, we will trace the properties of planet-forming disks back to their environment in different parts of the Galaxy, determine the physical processes that regulate the birth to stars and determine their key parameters, deliver a well calibrated galaxy template which can be used to study systems in the distant Universe. To reach these goals, ECOGAL unites four key research groups in Europe at the forefront in observational astronomy, numerical astrophysics, instrument development, and astroinformatics, whose synergy enables transformative progress in our understanding of our Galaxy.

Mots-clés : hierarchical structure formation,galactic ecosystem
Projet ERC : ECOGAL (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Synergy grants)
Entité participante : University of Manchester — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 288125.0 €

Stars and planets are born from a large reservoir of diffuse gas and dust that permeates the Galaxy, the interstellar medium (ISM). The process is governed by the complex interplay of often competing physical agents such as gravity, turbulence, magnetic fields, and radiation. The system is organized in a hierarchy of scales, that link the disk of the Milky Way, to star-forming clouds, and eventually to protoplanetary disks, the cradles of planetary systems. Stellar feedback creates highly non-linear feedback loops that strongly influence the dynamical evolution across the entire cascade of scales. We witness a paradigm shift in galactic astronomy and astrophysics. Approaches that treat the constituents of the Galaxy in equilibrium and consider the various scales in isolation reach clear limits. A comprehensive understanding of our Milky Way requires us to consider the Galaxy as one single complex ecosystem, where dramatically different environments coexist and where varying conditions are found for star and planet formation, and ultimately for life. Exploring and understanding the Galactic ecosystem as well as the physical processes that govern its evolution define the research activities of ECOGAL. Our primary goal is to build a unifying predictive model of star and planet formation in the Milky Way. Based on a unique combination of theoretical modeling and multi-wavelengths observations, we will trace the properties of planet-forming disks back to their environment in different parts of the Galaxy, determine the physical processes that regulate the birth to stars and determine their key parameters, deliver a well calibrated galaxy template which can be used to study systems in the distant Universe. To reach these goals, ECOGAL unites four key research groups in Europe at the forefront in observational astronomy, numerical astrophysics, instrument development, and astroinformatics, whose synergy enables transformative progress in our understanding of our Galaxy.

Mots-clés : hierarchical structure formation,galactic ecosystem
Projet ERC : SupraVox (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : University of Ulm — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 0.0 €

State-of-the-art metal oxide chemistry lacks the ability to predictably design materials and their properties from the atomic level upwards. This ability, however, would provide ultimate control over metal oxide structure and reactivity, leading to designer materials to deliver solutions in areas including information technologies and sustainable energy. In addition, understanding the supramolecular chemistry which governs metal oxide aggregation is expected to provide fundamental insights into spontaneous structure organization and the rise of complexity in prebiotic chemistry. SUPRAVOX proposes bottom-up vanadium oxide polymerization chemistry as a new design paradigm to bridge the gap between molecular building blocks and solid-state metal oxides. This is achieved by developing chemically tuneable molecular vanadium oxide monomers as models for an industrially important metal oxide class. The conception of rational supramolecular aggregation routes will enable the initiation, propagation and termination of vanadium oxide monomer growth into metal oxide oligomers and polymers. SUPRAVOX will explore the chemical evolution of vanadium oxide oligomers in and out of thermodynamic equilibrium to develop reversible aggregation control beyond classical molecular chemistry. This will lead to the first examples of inorganic systems chemistry and enable unique structural design approaches, such as self-sorting, self-recognition and stimuli-response. The technological relevance of the systems will be demonstrated by their electrode surface-deposition. We propose that tuning of polymer structure and size will directly affect their electrochemistry based on quantum confinement effects. In sum, SUPRAVOX will lay the synthetic and mechanistic foundations for metal oxide polymerization chemistry as a new paradigm for the controlled, bottom-up design of functional metal oxide nanostructures with impact on future metal oxide technologies.

Mots-clés : polyoxometalate,self assembly,polyoxovanadate,vanadium oxide,electrochemistry
Projet ERC : COBOM (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Universe sciences
Entité participante : University of Exeter — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2500000.0 €

Stellar evolution models are fundamental to nearly all fields of astrophysics, from exoplanet to galactic and extra-galactic research. The heart of the COBOM project is to develop a global physical picture of fundamental mixing processes in stars in order to derive robust and predictive stellar evolution models. The complex dynamics of flows at convective boundaries is a key process in stellar interiors that drives the transport of chemical species and heat, strongly affecting the structure and the evolution of many types of stars. The same physical processes can also drive transport of angular momentum, affecting the rotation evolution and the generation of magnetic field of stars. The treatment of mixing processes at convective boundaries (also referred to as overshooting) is currently one of the major uncertainties in stellar evolution theory. This mixing can dramatically affect the size of a convective core, the lifetime of major burning phases or the surface chemistry over a wide range of stellar masses. The main objectives of this project are to (1) develop a global theoretical framework to describe mixing and heat transport at convective boundaries in stellar interiors, (2) derive new physically-based transport coefficients and parametrizations for one-dimensional stellar evolution models and (3) test the new formalisms against a wide range of observations. We will accomplish these goals by performing the most comprehensive study ever performed of mixing processes in stars using a fundamentally new approach. We will combine the power of multi-dimensional fully compressible time implicit magneto-hydrodynamic simulations and rare event statistics, which are usually applied in finance or climate science. The key strength of the project is to establish a direct link between multi-dimensional results and observations (asteroseismology, eclipsing binaries, color-magnitude diagrams) via the exploitation of 1D stellar evolution models.

Mots-clés : stellar magneto hydrodynamics,convection,mixing,stellar evolution,computational astrophysics