Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : DM-Dawn (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental Constituents of Matter
Entité participante : Université de technologie de Darmstadt — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 192017.5 €

What is the nature of dark matter (DM)? This central question in physics could be soon addressed thanks to the unprecedented sensitivity of nuclear clocks. These Th-229-base clocks are set to overcome the inherent limitations of atomic and molecular clocks, which are less sensitive to the nuclear parameters, which dominate almost all motivated models of ultralight DM (ULDM) . Laser excitation of Th-229 has just reached 1:10^11 sensitivity. Given that a precision of 1:10^8 suffices to probe DM-models with world record reach (even before nuclear clocks are actually constructed), it implies that the era of nuclear clock supremacy has begun! We propose three thrusts that harness this revolutionary advancement to search for ULDM. The first is driven by our joint theory-experiment demonstration that the line shape analysis of the Th-229 isomeric state excitation may potentially lead to 1:10^21 effective sensitivity to ULDM, due to the direct-enhanced dependence on the strong interaction parameters. The second is theoretical and experimental exploration of the enhancement factor of O(10^5), that is currently uncertain, and cannot be robustly established. The third focus on studying the formal implications of the era of nuclear-clock supremacy. We provide projection for the reach of nuclear clocks for axion and scalar ULDM. We also demonstrate that a nuclear clock can be used as a QCDometer sensing spatially-dependent couplings, due to artificial source, or from super-Planckian-based physics via couplings to moduli-remnants. We further introduce a new class of non-axion ULDM models, that address the strong CP problem, where the Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa elements vary in time, in addition to the nuclear parameters. It could be tested, thus, at accelerators as well as clocks, which leads to a novel synergy between different frontiers of physics. The proposal transforms future technologies into a concrete search for DM and beyond, ushering us into the era of nuclear clocks.

Mots-clés : nuclear clock,ultralight dm
Projet ERC : MENBELONG (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Soci al World and Its Interactions
Entité participante : Université Humboldt de Berlin — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1695227.5 €

The successful integration of migrant populations requires that individuals who permanently relocate to a host country develop a sense of belonging. This involves not only economic and legal integration, but also the sharing of values, practices, and social networks with others. Single men form the largest group within global migration flows but face the harshest challenges to successful integration and belonging. They are frequently viewed as taking away opportunities from citizens and are deprioritized in social services in favour of families and women. They are also often stereotyped as hypersexualized or criminal. In the face of these obstacles, single migrant men create a range of unique belonging strategies that take place outside family networks and formal integration processes. Yet existing migration research tends to focus on the experience of women and families and the integration of specific groups of migrant men (usually Muslim) in Western democracies. As a result, we know very little about how single migrant men develop a sense of belonging outside of these restricted contexts. In this project, I investigate single migrant men’s experiences of belonging across five countries that have experienced abrupt, large-scale migration flows and that have different gender equality levels and integration policies. These groups include Syrians in Türkiye, Mexicans in Canada, Turks in Germany, Myanmarese in Thailand, and Venezuelans in Chile. My team includes country experts from the disciplines of migration studies, anthropology, sociology, gender studies, and community mental health with expertise in archival research, experimental surveys, interviews and photovoice. I draw on these perspectives to develop a theory of migrant belonging. This comprehensive approach will impact theories of migration and gender by providing intersectional and international insights into how single migrant men develop a sense of belonging in the face of serious challenges.

Mots-clés : masculinity,intersectionality,belonging,stigma,mixed methods research,non eu countries
Projet ERC : PRIVDIMA (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : Université Humboldt de Berlin — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1860125.0 €

Focusing on verifiability, PRIVDIMA studies the regulation of data privacy to protect consumers from excessive price discrimination in digital markets.  PRIVDIMA breaks with previous literature by acknowledging that data has a verifiability effect. It proposes a study of data privacy regulation by explicitly modelling this verifiability effect. Its motivation is as follows: 1) data collection in digital markets renders private information verifiable; 2) due to unravelling, this verifiability effect of data impacts regulation at a fundamental level; 3) extant work on privacy regulation abstracts from the effect; 4) data privacy rules that ignore verifiability effects lead to misguided regulation. PRIVDIMA is to rectify this.  PRIVDIMA has 3 objectives. Objective 1 is to incorporate verifiability in the state-of-the-art theories of mechanism and information design, readying them for the analysis of a new range of problems where verifiability matters. Objective 2 is to derive concrete policy implications for data privacy based on regulating the use of data to limit price discrimination. It yields new insights on regulating both long and short run contracts in models of behaviour-based price discrimination. Objective 3 is to derive concrete policy implications for data privacy based on regulating the collection of data. It yields insights on how to prevent an unravelling of private information by which the verifiability effect of data hurts consumers. Objective 1 implies a major advancement for the field of economic theory. Objectives 2 and 3 ensure that consumers obtain a fair share of the benefits from digitalization, promoting not only equity and fairness, but also public support for future digitalization, allowing societies to reap its benefits while avoiding social conflict.  As PRIVDIMA’s PI, I have a proven track record in developing and applying the required methods, and expertise in working with both verifiable and non-verifiable information.

Mots-clés : price discrimination,digital markets,data privacy,private information,verifiability
Projet ERC : INELASTIC (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and Processes Engineering
Entité participante : Institut de Recherche et d’Innovation en Santé de l’Université de Porto — Pays : Portugal — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : i3S
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 3493788.0 €

The reduction of the environmental footprint of aviation relies on the development and fast deployment of lighter and more efficient polymer composite structures; however, the current configurations of composite aerospace structures result in a highly constrained design space. Additionally, the limitations of the state-of-the-art analysis methods result in overly conservative designs and in time-consuming certification methodologies. As a result, composite laminates have only contributed to modest weight savings in aircraft structures. Based on these observations, the main objective of the project is to unleash the full potential of composite systems to yield more efficient aerospace composite structures. The premise is that polymer composite laminates are far from being used to their full potential, and that significant performance improvements of composite aerospace structures can be obtained by developing a new systems-thinking methodology that will link the different scales of a composite system. The methodology relies on the combination of new experimental studies, conducted at the micro-scale of the composite material, that will guide the development of analysis methods at different spatial scales. The theoretical developments, guided by experiments and computations, will create the building blocks of a neural network that will unravel the currently hidden relations between manufacturing conditions, micro- and meso-structures of a composite material, and the performance of a composite structure. Overcoming this knowledge gap will enable the development of new, non-conventional micro-structures using different types of reinforcing fibres, and of new laminate configurations that will not be restrained by a limited set of fibre orientation angles. It is expected that, for the first time, the discontinuity between material design and structural design will be removed, opening new avenues for concurrent optimization of composite materials and structures.

Mots-clés : polymer composite laminates composite structures
Projet ERC : Quantum Algorithms (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Condensed Matter Physics
Entité participante : Université de Varsovie — Pays : Pologne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 3499299.0 €

This project seeks to advance the field of predictive algorithms for quantum many-body systems by developing a next-generation numerical toolset. The project will focus on combining field-theory based methods for both perturbative and non-perturbative ab-initio and model systems with innovations in tensor techniques, quantum Monte Carlo, machine learning, and numerical analysis. By utilizing these innovative methods, we aim to deepen our understanding of quantum phases and exotic properties of materials, focusing in particular on experimentally measurable quantities.  Currently, accurate methods for studying correlated quantum materials and their excitations are lacking. Established technology either employs the so-called density functional theory, which relies on uncontrolled approximations to electron correlations and may be imprecise for systems with partially filled d- or f-shells, or proceeds by downfolding to an effective low-energy model which may capture correlations but neglects import aspects of electronic structure. Recent years have seen substantial progress in methodologies for simulating finite-temperature field theories ab-initio, using diagrammatic perturbation theory and non-perturbative embedding methods. These methodologies also take advantage of advances in numerical mathematics, computer science, and machine learning, where fast tensor algorithms such as tensor cross-interpolation techniques have been developed. We believe that by combining progress in these areas it will be possible to generate a new generation of predictive and systematically improvable algorithms for obtaining experimentally measurable properties of strongly correlated quantum materials, including angle-resolved spectroscopy, neutron spectroscopy, and resonant inelastic x-rays.  Ultimately, we aim to unlock new insights into the behavior of quantum materials, which will have profound implications for future scientific and technological advancements.

Mots-clés : quantum embedding,dynamical mean field theory,quantum impurity solvers,strongly correlated electron systems,gw,ab initio strong correlation methods,gpu simulation,tensor trains,high performance computing,quantum field theory,quantum statistical mechanics
Projet ERC : Ghostbuster (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer Science and Informatics
Entité participante : Université libre d'Amsterdam — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2499995.0 €

Ghostbuster is a research program to stop advanced “transient execution attacks”, which by themselves already rank among the most advanced attacks ever—by finding vulnerable code fragments, analyzing them for exploitability, and injecting mitigations where needed. The vulnerabilities such as Spectre, Meltdown and others originate in vulnerable hardware and allow data leakage across all security boundaries. Recently, my team and I showed that even more advanced attacks exist by combining transient execution with traditional software exploitation. Today, we have no way of even detecting these hybrid attacks, let alone stop them. While we keep finding new variants, vendors have indicated that they cannot fix them all, as it would cripple performance. The hope is that developers identify and harden vulnerable code snippets (e.g., with instructions that stop transient execution). Unfortunately, finding vulnerable snippets is hard, beyond the abilities of top programmers, and even more so for the new hybrid attacks. Can it be done automatically?  The challenge is daunting and involves all interaction between the code and a myriad of obscure CPU resources, requiring expertise in hardware, operating systems, fuzzing, program analysis, etc. State-of-the-art (and limited) tools do not even aim for mitigation and simply report potential issues—with many false positives and negatives. Unlike existing solutions that detect the snippets through pattern matching, Ghostbuster takes a principled approach and considers the fundamental conditions enabling attacks—without resorting to, say, symbolic execution, which scales poorly to large programs. It models the fundamental conditions of (steps of) an attack in terms of control + dataflow properties and translates the models into detectors. After detecting the code that looks vulnerable, it runs additional (possibly heavy-weight) exploitability analysis and, if need be, mitigates the issue by removing some of the enabling conditions

Mots-clés : transient execution micro architectural attacks and defenses
Projet ERC : DIMERCIRCUITS (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Biotechnology and Biosystems E ngineering
Entité participante : Telethon Foundation — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2184115.0 €

Synthetic gene circuits offer considerable potential for engineering human cells to perform complex functions for innovative biotechnological and therapeutic applications. However, current approaches are limited by the lack of versatile, scalable and modular molecular components. DIMERCIRCUITS aims to overcome these barriers by developing a novel class of Modular Artificial Dimerizing transcription factors (MADTFs) whose activity is dynamically regulated through interaction with competitive inhibitory proteins (ΔTFs). These ΔTFs competitively heterodimerize with MAD-TFs preventing their homo-dimerization and thus their function. This dual strategy enables dynamic and reversible regulation of gene expression, establishing a novel technological platform to build synthetic circuits and program cell behaviour. The compact and modular design of MADTFs and ΔTFs not only facilitates their integration into a variety of biotechnological applications but also enhances their potential for clinical translation. Computational modeling and machine learning techniques will be employed to explore the design space of synthetic circuits based on these components, ensuring they meet desired regulatory functions. This framework will guide the experimental implementation of synthetic circuits in human cell lines. As a proof of concept, the therapeutic potential of DIMERCIRCUITS will be demonstrated in patient-derived organoids for the treatment of Friedreich's ataxia, a rare genetic neurodegenerative disorder. By engineering a gene dosage compensation circuit, DIMERCIRCUITS aims to achieve precise regulation of therapeutic gene expression within a narrow window, independent of viral vector uptake, thereby mitigating the overxpression-related toxicity risks associated with current gene therapy approaches. DIMERCIRCUITS aims to establish a foundational technology for precision-engineered synthetic circuits enabling transformative advances in both biotechnology and medicine.

Mots-clés : mammalian synthetic biology gene expression systems modelling control engineering gene therapy
Projet ERC : NIMFE (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : London Business School — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : LBS
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2123166.0 €

The structure of the international monetary and financial system has first-order implications for capital flows, financial stability, the value of currencies and the way shocks propagate across countries. The world is changing rapidly: the share of the United States and Europe in international trade has declined, while the share of Asia has increased since the 2000s. International finance is still dominated by the US dollar, but China is emerging. There are wealth transfers due to the restructuring of commodity markets and the green energy transition. These constitute significant transformations of the international monetary and financial environment. This proposal aims to study interlinkages of countries to shed light on global cycles and transmission of shocks and policies of dominant currency powers over time. It has five tightly interconnected parts: (i) construct the trade, financial and commodity networks of countries to understand interdependencies and the role of main Central Banks, in particular the People’s Bank of China (ii) focus on the channels of international transmission of shocks to the real economy at the firm level using rich micro-data sets (iii) study the international finance network at the granular level and provide a brand new empirical and theoretical analysis of determinants of currency values (iv) uncover granular evidence on hedging strategies of economic actors facing those shocks using unexploited data sets (v) analyze changes in the structure of commodities international demand and supply networks (e.g. rare metals) using an original methodology based on textual analysis and track wealth transfers and their implications. These five complementary research streams will together elucidate the anatomy of the changing international financial and monetary environment and allow us to understand the origin, mechanism and consequences of the shifts in the balance of monetary and financial power in the world economy.

Mots-clés : international finance,international macroeconomics,capital flows,exchange rate,international monetary spillovers,global financial cycle
Projet ERC : SFINKS (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Systems and Communication Engineering
Entité participante : École polytechnique de Varsovie — Pays : Pologne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2497319.0 €

Scientific and technological achievements are often accompanied with pollution of the planet. Even electronics, believed clean, produces waste counting in trillions of batteries. We propose a solution that consists in battery-less self-supplying and thus helping to keep our planet green. Surprisingly, not only seas are exhibiting tides, the atmospheric pressure (P) and temperature (T) also do something similar. SFINKS will try to spark a new era of battery-less electronics via exploitation of the natural P/T “tides” to produce electricity in innovative micro-generators. The MAGIC of the P/T “tides” resides in that they are always-delivering and omnipresent. Such generators will thus produce energy continuously, everywhere, regardless their location, installation or orientation. This sounds like a dream, but… 5 years after I got this idea my PhD students found a wonderful confirmation that the dream may become true. Early 17th century C.Drebbel constructed an Eltham Perpetuum clock based on the principle of P/T “tides”. One of its followers, the Beverly clock, is still running despite never having been wounded since 1864. However, for all these 400 years the invention has remained relatively bulky and stagnated at mechanical energy stage. In SFINKS we will firstly miniaturize it towards monolithic Silicon technology and develop innovative co-integrated conversion to electrical energy. Our target will be the first always-delivering generator using an omnipresent energy source, the first free of any installation constraints, and also the first micro-scale generator using P/T “tides” to produce electricity! It will unblock further expansion of Internet of Things removing its bottle-neck i.e. batteries. Thanks to their quasi-perpetual lifetime, the SFINKS harvesters are also well suited to work on Mars, Venus or on board of satellites, where the P or T variations are very present. Our dream is to send a few SFINKS powered sensors with a space exploration mission on Mars.

Mots-clés : energy harvesting,internet of things,alternative energy sources,space exploration,solar planet missions,mars colonization,universal energy source,pressure temperature tides,self supplying,zero power electronics,battery less electronics