Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : BBBhybrid (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Proof of concept grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : Italian Institute of Technology — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 150000.0 €

This project is focused on the design, the production, the characterization, and the proposal for future commercialization of the first 1:1 scale 3D-printed realistic model of the brain tumor microenvironment with its associated blood neurovasculature. The proposed biomimetic dynamic 3D system, characterized by microcapillary diameter size and fluid flows similar to the in vivo physiological parameters, represents a drastic innovation with respect to other models well-established in the literature and available on the market, since it will allow to reliably reproduce the physiological environment and to accurately estimate the amount of drugs and/or of nanomaterial-associated compounds delivered through a modular length of the system. At the same time, in vitro 3D models are envisioned, allowing more physiologically-relevant information and predictive data to be obtained. All the artificial components will be fabricated through advanced lithography techniques based on two-photon polymerization (2pp), a disrupting mesoscale manufacturing approach which allows the fast fabrication of low-cost structures with nanometer resolution and great levels of reproducibility/accuracy. The proposed platform can be easily adopted in cell biology laboratories as multi-compartmental scaffold for the development of advanced co-culture systems, the primary biomedical applications of which consist in high-throughput screening of brain drugs and in testing of the efficacy of different anticancer therapies in vitro.

Mots-clés : organ on chip,drug screening,in vitro models,neurological diseases
Projet ERC : GENPARENT (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : Stockholm University — Pays : Suède — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1787875.52 €

This project is the first to apply an inclusive, internationally comparative, multi-methods approach to families to reveal the complex processes that result in a gendered division of work. We do this by comparing different-sex couples (DSC) to same-sex couples (SSC) focusing on the transition to parenthood and its career related consequences based on unique, population register data, census data and surveys, as well in depth interviews with couples. Three sub-projects emerge. In GENPARENT NORTH, longitudinal analyses of register data for the full population in the Nordic countries enable unique studies of the division of work and care in DSC and female SSC in a most similar-case comparison where the couples are matched on important background characteristics. In GENPARENT REGIME, the Nordic countries, the Netherlands and the US are compared in cross-sectional, quantitative analyses of female and male SSC and DSC with biological or adoptive children, their division of paid/unpaid work and the resulting career trajectories. Preliminary analyses indicate that family leave policies apply to some but not all families and this clearly structures the division of work and earnings in them. In GENPARENT VOICE, in-depth interviews with female and male SSC (planning for or having children) and adoptive DSC parents are carried out in order to explore the reasoning and expectations that precede the realized divisions of child care and paid work. In addition, the legal and social issues facing these families is highlighted. Interviews are conducted in Sweden and the Netherlands and for these countries, we have unique, longitudinal in-depth interviews with DSC expecting and having their first child. By comparing SSC to DSC and combining cross-sectional and longitudinal quantitative analyses with in-depth interviews, the GENPARENT project critically evaluate and develop theories on the gendered transition to parenthood, while expanding on and updating the welfare regime framework.

Mots-clés : gender,motherhood,fatherhood,care,identity,careers,work interuption,earnings,welfare regime,social policy,country comparison
Projet ERC : GENPARENT (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : Utrecht University — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 183312.5 €

This project is the first to apply an inclusive, internationally comparative, multi-methods approach to families to reveal the complex processes that result in a gendered division of work. We do this by comparing different-sex couples (DSC) to same-sex couples (SSC) focusing on the transition to parenthood and its career related consequences based on unique, population register data, census data and surveys, as well in depth interviews with couples. Three sub-projects emerge. In GENPARENT NORTH, longitudinal analyses of register data for the full population in the Nordic countries enable unique studies of the division of work and care in DSC and female SSC in a most similar-case comparison where the couples are matched on important background characteristics. In GENPARENT REGIME, the Nordic countries, the Netherlands and the US are compared in cross-sectional, quantitative analyses of female and male SSC and DSC with biological or adoptive children, their division of paid/unpaid work and the resulting career trajectories. Preliminary analyses indicate that family leave policies apply to some but not all families and this clearly structures the division of work and earnings in them. In GENPARENT VOICE, in-depth interviews with female and male SSC (planning for or having children) and adoptive DSC parents are carried out in order to explore the reasoning and expectations that precede the realized divisions of child care and paid work. In addition, the legal and social issues facing these families is highlighted. Interviews are conducted in Sweden and the Netherlands and for these countries, we have unique, longitudinal in-depth interviews with DSC expecting and having their first child. By comparing SSC to DSC and combining cross-sectional and longitudinal quantitative analyses with in-depth interviews, the GENPARENT project critically evaluate and develop theories on the gendered transition to parenthood, while expanding on and updating the welfare regime framework.

Mots-clés : gender,motherhood,fatherhood,care,identity,careers,work interuption,earnings,welfare regime,social policy,country comparison
Projet ERC : ARCHCAUCASUS (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : Deutsches Archäologisches Institut, Zentrale — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : DAI
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2487875.0 €

This project leads to one of the most dynamic regions in prehistory: the Caucasus of the 4th and early 3rd mill. BC. During this vibrant time, basic innovations emerged, which were crucial until the 19th century: wheel and wagon, copper alloys, the potter’s wheel, new breeds of woolly sheep, domestication of the horse, and others. At the same time, massive migrations from the East European steppe during the early 3rd mill. BC changed the European gene pool. The project challenges the still predominant narrative that all technical achievements stemmed from urban centres in Mesopotamia. New studies have created space for alternative hypotheses: possibly it was not the development of new techniques, but instead their adaptation from different ‘peripheries’ and their re-combination and re-configuration that formed the basis for the success of these ‘civilisations’. The Caucasus, linking Mesopotamia to the Eurasia and Europe, is for the first time in the focus of a study on innovation transfer. The study will make a major contribution by investigation of four axial innovations: wheel and wagon, metal alloys, silver metallurgy and woolly sheep. 40 wheels will be analysed by computer tomography and strontium isotopes. Some 300 copper alloys artefacts and 200 silver objects will be examined using mass spectrometry with laser ablation. 400 aDNA genom-wide analyses of humans from burials in the North Caucasus will offer the unique chance of elucidating the role of migrations for the spread of innovations. The pottery in the region, often linked to Mesopotamia, will be studied under technical aspects and is a complementary path to shed light on migration and the transfer of knowledge. Excavations in settlements will allow building up a chronology using 400 AMS 14C analyses. The project is multidisciplinary, making use of the most up-to-date analytical methods. Our long experience and reputation on both sides of the Caucasus is the ideal background for cutting-edge research.

Mots-clés : innovation,technologies,caucasus,bronze age,paleogenetics,material studies,transfer of knowledge
Projet ERC : BOAR (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : Czech Academy of Sciences — Pays : Rép. Tchèque — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : AVČR;CAS
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999875.0 €

This project proposes a collaborative, ethnographic investigation of the relationship between three understudied subjects in anthropology: veterinary medicine, European hunting and wild boars. In recent decades, the wild boar has proliferated, (re)conquering the natural, rural and urban landscapes of Europe, and increasingly clashing with human practices and worlds. Classified as a game animal, the boar is primarily killed and managed by recreational hunters. Yet, hunters are proving incapable of stemming the tide of this intelligent, adaptable being, an interspecies relation that challenges hunting’s value and legitimacy in European society. This tension has amplified with the arrival of African Swine Fever (ASF) to the continent: a fatal virus that travels between wild boar and domestic pig, forest and farm, and threatens to infect and ruin the pig industry. In the name of biosecurity, and informed by veterinary knowledge, some States have intervened and conducted mass culls, erected dividing fences across Schengen space, or instituted no-go zones. During this crisis we witnessed how veterinary medicine’s role can extend beyond mediating human-animal relations, and work to structure and govern human lives in general. At the intersection of boars, hunting, ASF and veterinary medicine, this project has two main objectives: first, to examine how European hunting and porcine futures are intertwined, and the role of veterinarians in shaping these futures, and; second, through human-boar relations, study how society is becoming increasingly veterinarized and thus shape the conceptual and methodological development of the emerging field of veterinary anthropology. This project will further contribute to anthropology by opening a novel empirical and theoretical niche for the anthropology of hunting, and experiment with ethnography as a tool of engagement with near futures. The emerging and uncertain impact of ASF in Europe is an excellent moment to conduct such a project.

Mots-clés : veterinary anthropology,ethnography,hunting,wild boar,human animal relations,naturecultures,europe,african swine fever
Projet ERC : Emptiness (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : University of Oxford — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1929263.0 €

This project proposes to study “emptiness” as a concrete historical formation that has emerged in conditions when socialist modernity is gone and promises of capitalist modernity have failed. It is developed on the basis of the following observations: (1), many towns and villages across the former socialist space are being abandoned by capital, the state, and people; (2), there is a proliferation of popular and scholarly imaginaries and discourses of emptiness as the ruination of material, social, and economic life, and the coming of a radically different future; (3), emptiness and emptying are politicized, with some political actors pointing to the risks of emptying and others considering narratives of emptying as themselves threatening to the existing political order; and (4), despite—or because—of politicization, emptying is subject to governance, as in the case of “shrinking cities” in East Germany. And yet, the material, social, and political contours of emptying and emptiness are poorly understood. This has considerable effects for how people act upon the concrete challenges that emptying and emptiness present. The project mobilizes emptiness as an emic discursive figure derived from ethnographic research in the Latvian-Russian borderlands to study the withdrawal of the state, capital, and people in Eastern Ukraine, the Russian Far East, and Belarus. The project aims to: (1), study the experiences and narratives of emptiness and emptying; (2), examine the politics and governance of emptying and emptiness; and (3), use postsocialist “emptying” and “emptiness” as lenses for analyzing global reconfigurations of relations between capital, the state, people, and place. It argues that postsocialist emptying and emptiness prefigure emergent spatial organization of economic and political life, whereby capital flows and statecraft are increasingly concentrated in “global cities,” with the rest of urban and non-urban spaces becoming radically disconnected.

Mots-clés : emptying,emptiness,postsocialism,disconnectivity,the future
Projet ERC : ROMETRANS (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : British School at Rome — Pays : Italie — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : BSR
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 146514.0 €

This project revolutionises our understanding of Rome and its place in cultural change across the Mediterranean World by mapping political, military and religious changes to the Eastern Caelian from the first to eighth centuries. The programme offers multiple gains for archaeologists, historians, topographers and geographers by documenting both the mundane and monumental elements of the city fabric in chronological, geographical and ideological relationship to one another. From the extravagant horti, the houses of elite families, through successive imperial palaces to the seat of papal governance the area’s architecture embodied changing expressions of political power. From the early military stations, through the grandeur of the barracks of the emperor’s horse guards, to the building and rebuilding of the Aurelian Walls, it reveals notions about the intersection of security and military power. From the shrines of the early empire to the world’s first Cathedral, it attests successive religious regenerations. RomeTrans has three objectives: first, it determines the appearance of the buildings that drove these changes, producing academically robust visualisations, appropriately contextualised. Second, it brings these elements together to model the five transformations that saw the Eastern Caelian reshaped to meet the needs of shifting political, military and religious ideas. Third, it provides a longer-term interdisciplinary perspective on the changing shape of this pivotal area than any previously attempted. All this requires a survey of unprecedented scale and sophistication, demanding a new methodology for complex urban areas capable of transforming research in historic towns worldwide. Integrating documentary sources, architectural analysis, investigation of 11 sub-surface excavated areas with the largest geo-radar and laser scanning surveys ever conducted in Rome, the project transforms our approach to the city and its relationship to the wider world.

Mots-clés : late antiquity,early medieval archaeology
Projet ERC : PIETY (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : Leiden University — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 0.0 €

This project seeks to explain the emergence, flourishing and lasting appeal of non-conformist movements in Islamic intellectual history, investigating how Islamic antinomian movements both consolidated Islam in a vast region from the Balkans to Bengal, while offering methods of self-reflection that allowed for critical thinking within Islamic streams of thought. By examining how generations of Islamic mystics and intellectuals in the Persianate world challenged, redefined or rejected Islamic canonical law in their poetic, artistic, philosophical and political writings and teachings, this project generates significant new insights on transgression in Islam. Non-conformist mystics combined the ascetic principles of early Islam with shocking deviance, transgressing the holiest Islamic laws such as prayer, fasting, and the pilgrimage to Mecca, and praising other religions such as Christianity. By rejecting the outward piety of the clerics, celebrating wine, gambling and homo-erotic love, they provoked the orthodox, craving rejection and criticism, which they used as a shield to protect their piety. Using transgression as a theoretical frame, this project demonstrates how non-conformist mystics relativized the status of the Islamic jurists at the centre in Islamic life, while validating what – for the jurists – was peripheral. Examining non-conformism as part of Islam since the tenth century breaks new grounds in the field of Islamic Studies, and in the wider fields of Religious Studies, Literary Studies and History. This is the first study dealing in a broad way with questions about the relationships between centre and periphery, normal and deviant, profane and divine, and low culture versus high religion in Islamic culture. As such it also offers significant contributions to transgression studies from Islamic Studies perspectives, demonstrating why antinomian themes, motifs and metaphors have taken a central position in Islam, especially in art and through poetry.

Mots-clés : sufism,persian poetry,islam,transgression
Projet ERC : CLEANH2 (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology — Pays : Luxembourg — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : LIST
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1900711.0 €

This project stands in the general context of the current worldwide energy and environmental crisis. It aims to engineer a new generation of conjugated microporous polymers based on fused metalloporphyrins for the low-cost, clean and efficient production of hydrogen from solar water splitting. The CLEANH2 concept relies on the gas phase reaction of metalloporphyrins to engineer new heterogeneous catalysts with remarkable hydrogen production yields. Metalloporphyrins, selected by Nature to fulfil the main catalytic phenomena allowing life, are attractive molecules for water splitting owing to their highly conjugated structure and central metal ion, which can readily interconvert between different oxidation states to accomplish oxidation and reduction reactions. For efficiency and sustainability considerations, it is highly desirable to employ metalloporphyrins in conductive assemblies for heterogeneous catalysis. Nevertheless, due to the lack of synthetic approach, the design and application of conjugated porphyrin assemblies is a largely unexplored topic in view of the plethora of available porphyrin patterns. The central idea of CLEANH2 builds upon our recent advance in the gas phase synthesis and deposition of directly fused metalloporphyrins coatings. Progress in our approach is expected to open the way for the construction of powerful catalytic and photocatalytic materials. To achieve this, the key challenging goals of this project are: 1) the engineering of the microstructure and electronic structure of directly fused metalloporphyrins thin films; 2) the use of the full potential of directly fused metalloporphyrins thin films for the unmet, clean and high quantum yield overall water splitting for hydrogen production. The outcomes of CLEANH2 will be foundational for the engineering of directly fused metalloporphyrins systems and their implementation in advanced technological applications related to catalysis and solar energy.

Mots-clés : metalloporphyrins,conjugated microporous polymers,chemical vapour deposition,thin films,water splitting,photocatalysis
Projet ERC : INFORMATIVEPRICES (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : Koç University — Pays : Turquie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 536197.24 €

This project studies information aggregation in multiple-linked auction markets with large numbers of goods and bidders. Past work assumes bidders trade in a single, centralized, frictionless auction market. Instead, I study bidders with unit demand who decide to purchase one of many possible goods which are on auction in distinct markets. The goods traded in each market are identical, common-value objects and the price is determined by a uniform-price auction. Bidders receive imperfect signals about the state of the world and select to bid in one of the auction markets. The markets differ in institutional structure and therefore frictions. Market frictions result from imperfect competition, government interventions, informational frictions, and preference heterogeneity. All such frictions render the gains from trade uncertain. I address the following questions: How do market frictions affect information aggregation if bidders can strategically choose between markets? What are the mechanisms through which market imperfections disrupt information aggregation? Which market’s price is a better statistic for market participants’ information? Which market attracts better-informed bidders? Do prices aggregate beliefs more accurately in good times or in bad? Initial findings suggest that the proposed framework can prove particularly fruitful in addressing these questions. Specifically, I show if the gains from trade are uncertain in even one market, then prices do not aggregate information in any of the markets. In contrast, if all markets are frictionless, then the price in each market aggregates information. These findings are driven by how bidders self-select across markets: Better-informed bidders select frictional markets while uninformed, pessimistic bidders select the safety of frictionless markets. These findings suggest a novel mechanism through which market imperfections in one market can have widespread effects across all linked markets.

Mots-clés : information aggregation,large markets,common value auctions,market selection,contagion