Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : UniEqTURB (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : Technical University of Denmark — Pays : Danemark — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : DTU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499036.0 €

Turbulence is at a crossroads: The old, established ideas of Richardson and Kolmogorov have with accumulating evidence come under renewed scrutiny, especially in non-stationary and non-equilibrium flows. Many in the community seek new and more accurate ways to describe turbulence. This is a time of re-evaluation and opportunity! The assumed statistical equilibrium of the smallest and intermediate scales is identified as the main cause of the potentially erroneous deductions. This problem was not previously noticed because experiments that confirmed the previous theories were all in statistical equilibrium. And those experiments and theories which disagreed were labelled ‘anomalous’, no matter how carefully performed or argued. The proposed theory-intensive approach will therefore specifically use non-equilibrium and statistically non-stationary flows to: 1. Investigate the underlying mechanisms determining the level of dissipation 2. Quantify the resulting effects on the balance equations of central importance 3. Test the results against the established, as well as competing, theories I will use stationary and accelerating jets well-suited for studying the non-linear interactions and quantifying departures to the assumed equilibrium and the non-stationary dissipation. The feasibility is demonstrated with preliminary results. The databases which will be established should contribute substantially to settling the long-lived ultimate question of turbulence: what are the true underlying mechanisms that set the level of dissipation. The results will be ground breaking scientifically and economically. The impact for engineering applications is extensive, since Kolmogorov-based turbulence models are routinely used, and since developing flows constitute the rule rather than the exception in the majority of engineering applications. The potential economic consequences for e.g. transportation, climate predictions and power extraction are impossible to underestimate.

Mots-clés : turbulence,universal equilibrium,evolving flows,turbulent jets,richardson,kolmogorov
Projet ERC : cool innov (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : Technical University of Darmstadt — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2499000.0 €

Twenty years of research in magnetocaloric materials has failed to provide the necessary breakthrough that will lead to a commercial realisation of this technology and satisfy the urgent global need for more efficient refrigeration. We strongly believe that this is a result of looking in the wrong direction. The cool innov project will achieve this breakthrough by rethinking the whole concept of caloric cooling. We are rejecting the conventional idea of squeezing the best out of magneto-structural phase-change materials in relatively low magnetic fields, and instead we introduce a second stimulus in the form of pressure so that we can exploit, rather than avoid, the hysteresis that is inherent in these materials. The hysteresis will allow us to lock-in the magnetisation at saturation as the magnetising field is removed, so that magnetic fields persisting over a large area will no longer be required (instead, we can use a very focused field), and then demagnetise the material in a second step with an applied stress, enabling us to extract a lot more heat. In this case we only need to apply the magnetic field to a small volume of material, making it a completely new application for commercially available, high-temperature, YBCO-type, bulk superconducting permanent magnets. With the high-field, multi-stimuli approach proven, we will develop new magneto/mechanocaloric materials that match the new high-field, hysteresis-positive approach and start to fabricate novel heat-exchanger structures using additive manufacturing, so that we can combine a mechanically sound heat exchanger having a complex geometry with locally tailored, magneto/mechanocaloric properties. The success of cool innov will be game changing. We are being very ambitious in targeting a revolution in cooling technology, but if we succeed, we will have a huge impact on global energy consumption through greater efficiency, thanks to the novel energy materials that will be discovered within cool innov.

Mots-clés : magnetic refrigeration,magnetism,additive manufacturing,high throughput by first principles,computational engineering
Projet ERC : KAIROS (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental constituents of matter
Entité participante : Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology — Pays : Suisse — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : ETH Zurich
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 148750.0 €

Two pillars of modern physics are Quantum Field Theory (QFT) and General Relativity (GR). Together they describe a vast corpus of phenomena ranging from the smallest scales accessible with modern accelerators to the largest distances observed with modern telescopes. Establishing these frameworks is a triumph of 20th-century physics. Our understanding of both is not satisfactory. On the QFT side, we lack tools to analyze the strong coupling regime. On the GR side, we do not understand how to make it quantum. The insight of holography is that these two problems are deeply connected, in other words, QFT and Quantum Gravity (QG) are different realizations of the same underlying mathematical structure and physical principles. Providing us with this fundamental insight, holography does not tell us what the underlying structure is. The challenge for 21st-century physics is to understand it. The aim of the present proposal is to establish a research team at CERN that: a) will {\it develop new nonperturbative Lorentzian bootstrap methods} as a part of a larger quest of revealing the unifying mathematical structure and physical principles that underlie both QFT and QG; b) use these methods for state-of-the-art {\it computations of real-time physical observables} which are not accessible using conventional methods. This will lead to new insights into the fundamental properties of QFT, QG, and holography which relates the two. The principal novelty of the project is in its focus on the nonperturbative real-time dynamics, as opposed to Euclidean observables which are typically studied using the current bootstrap or other methods. Bootstrap takes fundamental principles of physics, such as causality, locality, and unitarity, and pushes their consequences to the extreme. Combined with insights from holography, bootstrap methods offer an unprecedented set of tools for diving into uncharted territories of QFT and QG.

Mots-clés : conformal bootstrap,s matrix,holography,quantum gravity
Projet ERC : FOCUS (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth system science
Entité participante : National Institute for Nuclear Physics — Pays : Italie — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : INFN
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 100000.0 €

Two-thirds of the Earth’s surface is covered by water and thus largely inaccessible to modern networks of seismological instruments. The FOCUS project is poised to revolutionize seismic monitoring of the seafloor through a novel use of fiber optic cables to improve hazard assessment and increase early warning capability. Laser reflectometry using BOTDR, commonly used for structural health monitoring of large-scale engineering structures (e.g. - bridges, dams, pipelines, etc.), can measure very small strains (< 1 mm) at very large distances (10 - 200 km). It has never been used to monitor deformation caused by active faults on the seafloor. The objective of the FOCUS project is to demonstrate that this technique can measure small (1 - 2 cm) displacements on a primary test site offshore Sicily where the 28 km long EMSO Catania cable crosses the recently mapped North Alfeo Fault. BOTDR observations must be calibrated by other independent measurements. Therefore, targeted marine geophysical surveys of the seafloor along the trace of the cable and faults are planned, with micro-bathymetry, high-resolution seismics, seafloor seismic stations and use of seafloor geodetic instruments to quantify fault displacement. Once the BOTDR fault-monitoring technique has been tested and calibrated offshore Sicily, the goal is to expand it to other fiber optic cable networks, either existing research networks in earthquake hazard zones (Japan, Cascadia) or to the Mediterranean region through access to retired telecommunication cables, or through the development of dual-use cables with industry partners, (two of the anticipated outcomes of the FOCUS project). The novel secondary use of fiber optic cables as described by FOCUS represents a potentially tremendous breakthrough in seismology, tectonics and natural hazard early warning capability, one that could turn Earth’s future undersea communication infrastructure into a seismological monitoring network of unprecedented scale.

Mots-clés : earthquake hazard,active faults,seafloor deformation,montitoring,fiber optic cables,laser reflectometry,botdr,strain measurements,mediterranean,sicily,ionian sea
Projet ERC : PULSAR (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : Université Marie et Louis Pasteur — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UMLP
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 100000.0 €

Ultra-intense femtosecond laser pulses promise to become a fast, universal, predictable and green tool for material processing at micro and nanometric scale. The recent tremendous increase in commercially available femtosecond laser energy at high repetition rate opens a wealth of novel perspectives for mass production. But even at high energy, laser processing remains limited to high-speed scanning point by point removal of ultra-thin nanometric layers from the material surface. This is because the uncontrolled laser-generated free-electron plasma shields against light and prevents reaching extreme internal temperatures at very precise nanometric scale. PULSAR aims at breaking this barrier and developing a radically different concept of laser material modification regime based on free-electron plasma control. PULSAR 's unconventional concept is to control plasma generation, confinement, excitation and stability. An ambitious experimental and numerical research program will push the frontiers of laser processing to unprecedented precision, speed and predictability. PULSAR key concept is highly generic and the results will initiate new research across laser and plasma material processing, plasma physics and ultrafast optics.

Mots-clés : ultrashort pulse laser ablation,laser micromachining
Projet ERC : MULTraSonicA (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : University of Barcelona — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UB
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 955250.0 €

Ultrasound-guided drug and gene delivery (USDG) enables controlled and spatially precise delivery of drugs and macromolecules, encapsulated in microbubbles (MBs) and submicron gas vesicles (GVs), to target areas such as cancer tumors. It is a non-invasive, high precision, low toxicity process with drastically reduced drug dosage. These advantages open doors to numerous biomedical applications, from sonothrombolysis to blood–brain barrier opening. However, the progress and deployment of this technology is subject to extensive experimentation and heuristics. The proposal aims to develop a virtual environment to quantify and optimize USDG and in particular the MBs and GVs utilized as drug carriers and contrast agents. Their type and concentration, and interface with ultrasound (US) are critical to the success and efficiency of USDG. State-of-the-art USDG systems operate in a narrow range of empirically-tuned US parameters. This empiricism entails severe risks and limitations for clinical applications and delays the adoption of this potent technology. I propose a computational framework that would allow for controlled testing, data-driven quantification of uncertainties, and a rational optimization of experimental US parameters. The framework will rely on submicron resolution modeling and simulation of cavitating MBs and GVs interacting with US. Limitations of existing models based on continuum theory preclude an accurate description of cavitation, drastically degrading the prediction of drug delivery outcomes. I will develop new, data-informed mesoscopic models of US contrast agents, capturing their rheological and acoustic behavior. Specific interactions of US and agents at a submicron level will be included by harnessing novel multiscale methods that enable seamless propagation of US from the macro to microscopic level. The proposed framework will be integrated with experimental efforts to advance USDG across biomedical applications.

Mots-clés : pacs2010  02 70 ns molecular dynamics and particle methods,43 35  c ultrasonics,quantum acoustics,and physical effects of sound,43 35 wa biological effects of ultrasound,ultrasonic tomography,43 40 ey vibrations of shells,43 40 ng effects of vibration and shock on biological systems
Projet ERC : Kerr (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Condensed matter physics
Entité participante : National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics — Pays : Estonie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : NICPB;KBFI
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2489976.0 €

Unconventional superconductivity is extensively sought for in contemporary research. Of particular interest are chiral superconductors which possess non-trivial topological properties resulting in superconducting (SC) order parameters (OPs) that may break time-reversal symmetry (TRS). The possibility of applications to topological quantum computation have placed such materials at the forefront of condensed matter research. Recent measurements of the polar Kerr effect (PKE), in which a rotation of polarization is detected for a beam of light reflected from the surface of a superconductor, have emerged as a key experimental probe of TRS breaking. Here we propose the development of a new generation of spectroscopic instrumentation for the PKE spectroscopy in the sub-THz frequency range, the energy scale that is comparable with the SC gap magnitude of unconventional superconductors. The THz range PKE spectroscopy will enable to study the broken symmetries, the origin of unconventional pairing, the in-gap collective modes, and the structures of the SC OPs. We plan to measure the PKE at sub-THz frequencies and with sub-milli-radian angular resolution from a variety of unconventional superconductors that are cooled to 100 mK, deep into SC state. The aim is to understand the basic mechanisms leading to unconventional superconductivity in these systems in order to find answers to the fundamental questions, such as: What is the structure of the SC gap in Sr2RuO4, URu2Si2, and UPt3? Is the TRS broken in (a) the Hidden Order state and in (b) SC state of URu2Si2? Which symmetries are broken at the transition from the HO state into the unconventional SC state? – and to elucidate the microscopic origin of superconductivity in the new families of unconventional superconductors. In a broader view, the project will keep Estonian physics on the forefront of science through new scientific contacts and will promote physics education by engaging students and postdocs in the research.

Mots-clés : thz spectroscopy,polar kerr effect,unconventional,chiral superconductors,time reversal symmetry breaking
Projet ERC : QUAHQ (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Condensed matter physics
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499839.0 €

Under high magnetic field and at low temperatures, electronic interactions in a two-dimensional electron gas give rise to exotic, strongly correlated many-body quantum Hall states. These states have been proposed for the implementation of new quantum circuits, for instance realizing topologically protected quantum computing. Although exciting, these states remain poorly understood, because the conventional experimental approach for their investigation, dc electron transport, only yields limited information. In particular, electron transport only probes the physics of the current-carrying edge channels of the quantum Hall effect propagating along the edges of the electron gas, leaving the physics of the bulk unexplored. To gain a better understanding of these exotic states and their origin, I propose a new, unconventional approach, based on heat transport measurements, which directly probes the charge-neutral, heat-carrying collective modes characterizing these interactions-induced states. I will focus on the debated ν=0 quantum Hall state of monolayer and bilayer graphene, which is thought to arise from spontaneous spin- and valley- symmetry breakings due to interactions, and on the fractional quantum Hall effect, where the competition between interaction and disorder gives rise to low-energy, heat-carrying neutral modes which have not yet been observed in graphene. Investigating the neutral modes through heat transport will address two important questions regarding these exotic new states: does ν=0 indeed arise from spontaneous symmetry breakings, and what is the origin of the low-energy neutral modes in the fractional quantum Hall effect, particularly in graphene. Furthermore, it will be possible to apply my approach to the investigation of other exotic quantum states in two-dimensions, such as the superfluid excitonic condensate in electron-hole bilayer systems.

Mots-clés : quantum hall effect,heat quantum transport
Projet ERC : HONORLOGIC (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : University of Sussex — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1408706.0 €

Understanding (un)willingness to coordinate with others, to compromise when faced with different choices, or to apologize for transgressions is crucial as these behaviors can act as strong facilitators or inhibitors of important interpersonal processes such as negotiations and coalition building. These behaviors play a major role when individuals from different cultural backgrounds work together to solve disputes or address joint challenges. Yet, we know little about what these behaviors mean in different cultural groups or how they are approached. With HONORLOGIC, I aim to initiate a step-change in our understanding of cultural variation in these important domains of social behavior by providing unique, multimethod, comparative and converging evidence from a wide range of cultural groups. I will answer the question “How do cultural groups that promote honor as a core cultural value approach coordinating with others, reaching compromise, and offering apologies?” by integrating insights from social/cultural psychology, behavioral economics, and anthropology. I will do this by collecting quantitative data using economic games, experiments, and surveys from Spain, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Cyprus, Lebanon, Egypt and Tunisia, as cultural groups where honor has been shown to play a defining role in individuals’ social worlds. I will also run the proposed studies in the US, the UK, Japan and Korea to provide a broader comparative perspective. HONORLOGIC will produce transformative evidence for theories of social interaction and decision making in psychology, economics, and evolutionary science by (a) producing innovative theory and data with an interdisciplinary and multi-method approach, (b) increasing the diversity of the existing evidence pool, (c) testing established theoretical assumptions in new cultural groups, and (d) contributing to capacity building in under-researched cultural groups in psychological research.

Mots-clés : cultural psychology,social psychology,cognitive style,social orientation,coordination,apologies,compromise
Projet ERC : HONORLOGIC (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : University of Kent — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 589987.75 €

Understanding (un)willingness to coordinate with others, to compromise when faced with different choices, or to apologize for transgressions is crucial as these behaviors can act as strong facilitators or inhibitors of important interpersonal processes such as negotiations and coalition building. These behaviors play a major role when individuals from different cultural backgrounds work together to solve disputes or address joint challenges. Yet, we know little about what these behaviors mean in different cultural groups or how they are approached. With HONORLOGIC, I aim to initiate a step-change in our understanding of cultural variation in these important domains of social behavior by providing unique, multimethod, comparative and converging evidence from a wide range of cultural groups. I will answer the question “How do cultural groups that promote honor as a core cultural value approach coordinating with others, reaching compromise, and offering apologies?” by integrating insights from social/cultural psychology, behavioral economics, and anthropology. I will do this by collecting quantitative data using economic games, experiments, and surveys from Spain, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Cyprus, Lebanon, Egypt and Tunisia, as cultural groups where honor has been shown to play a defining role in individuals’ social worlds. I will also run the proposed studies in the US, the UK, Japan and Korea to provide a broader comparative perspective. HONORLOGIC will produce transformative evidence for theories of social interaction and decision making in psychology, economics, and evolutionary science by (a) producing innovative theory and data with an interdisciplinary and multi-method approach, (b) increasing the diversity of the existing evidence pool, (c) testing established theoretical assumptions in new cultural groups, and (d) contributing to capacity building in under-researched cultural groups in psychological research.

Mots-clés : cultural psychology,social psychology,cognitive style,social orientation,coordination,apologies,compromise