Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : SAIM (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : Bocconi University — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1978213.0 €

There is strong evidence that managers and entrepreneurs have poor methods to make decisions under uncertainty. This is a serious problem that discourages innovation and the success of many start-ups. At the aggregate level it sties economic growth and the returns from many public and private incentives to innovation or entrepreneurship. This project studies whether managers and entrepreneurs can improve their ability to make these decisions by adopting a scientic approach based on the formulation of models tested with data, such as scientists do. The project develops a framework that explains the mechanisms and implications of this approach, and tests them through a large-scale RCT in six international sites. The framework shows that a scientic approach improves performance by pursuing valuable innovations and by terminating unsuccessful projects earlier. It also helps decision-makers to interpret signals: in particular, they understand better how to change a project in response to negative signals. The RCT tests mechanisms and performance of the scientic approach against current practice in innovation management, and its coverage ensures a good assessment of its validity across contexts and conditions. The results of this RCT are potentially ground-breaking because they can: (i) change the way we think innovation management and entrepreneurship; (ii) encourage the practical application of many economic and managerial theories ignored by managers or entrepreneurs in spite of their practical prescriptions; (iii) help to rethink the curricula of business schools by making a scientic approach to management more prominent and by revamping the application of economic and managerial theories; (iv) improve the mentorship of the many public and private initiatives that support innovation and entrepreneurship worldwide.

Mots-clés : management strategies,emergent strategies,scientific approach,business experimentation,entrepreneurial strategies,innovation
Projet ERC : TEC1p (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Condensed matter physics
Entité participante : Max Planck Society — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : MPG
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2048183.0 €

Thermal conductivity (TC) is a key characteristic of many materials, particularly those used in the energy and environment sectors (thermoelectrics, thermal-barrier coatings, catalysis, etc.). However, TC is largely unknown − of the 225,000 identified inorganic semiconductor and insulator crystals, only 100 have any TC data available. By combining a novel ab initio molecular dynamics TC theory and big-data analytics (machine learning, compressed sensing, subgroup discovery), we will generate quantitative values and understanding of TC (and electrical conductivity (EC)) for most of these 225,000 materials, as well as for materials not yet discovered. TEC1p will develop and deploy five key approaches. Individually these are already novel for materials science, but their combination in TEC1p enables a true breakthrough. These five components are: 1) Ab initio theory of TC 3 (advanced density-functional theory, seamlessly linked to size- and time-converged statistical mechanics). 2) Ab initio theory of EC (advanced …; see #1). 3) Compressed sensing to identify a set of physical parameters that describe the TC and EC behaviour and to derive predictive equations that work for all materials.5 4) Active learning to build a systematic big-data database of materials, their TCs and ECs. 5) Subgroup discovery to recognise trends and anomalies in the big data, enhance the active learning, and elucidate the underlying physical mechanisms. In analogy to Mendeleev’s table of the elements, we will build maps that arrange existing and predicted materials according to their TC and EC properties. The methods that we will develop and the extensive calculations that we will execute are both innovative and timely. They will greatly progress scientific knowledge of the physical properties of materials. The impact of the concepts, methodology, and results will be far reaching for materials science, novel materials discovery, engineering,

Mots-clés : ab initio molecular dynamics,compressed sensing,machine learning,density functional theory and beyond
Projet ERC : iTPX (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : Aalto University — Pays : Finlande — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1981250.0 €

Thermophotonic (TPX) coolers and generators based on electroluminescent (EL) cooling have the potential to enable a high efficiency replacement for thermoelectric devices. Highly optimized TPX devices can even outperform modern compressor based household refrigerators and heat pumps, enabling a significant reduction in the global energy consumption of cooling and heating. While the EL cooling phenomenon is theoretically well understood, it was only very recently demonstrated for the first time under very small power conditions. Enabling high power EL cooling, however, will require a breakthrough in reducing the losses present in conventional light emitting diodes (LED). iTPX aims to enable this breakthrough by developing an alternative approach to enhance the efficiency of light emission. The approach is based on enclosing the emitter-absorber pair used in TPX in a single semiconductor structure forming an optical cavity. This enhances the light emission rate by an order of magnitude and provides a substantial increase in the efficiency as well as several other technical and fundamental benefits. The main goal of iTPX is to demonstrate high power EL cooling for the first time and to provide quantitative insight on the limitations and possibilities of the cavity-based approach. Recent studies have shown extremely high – over 99 % – internal and external quantum efficiencies of light emission from optically pumped semiconductor structures. This suggests that the material quality of common III-V compound semiconductors is perfectly sufficient for EL cooling if similarly performing electrically injected structures can be fabricated in the single cavity configuration.

Mots-clés : electroluminescence,electroluminescent cooling,light emitting diode,photovoltaics,iii v semiconductors,fluctuational electrodynamics,photon transfer,charge transfer,lossy optical cavities
Projet ERC : Uniting PV (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : Hasselt University — Pays : Belgique — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 604328.75 €

Thin film (TF) photovoltaics (PV) hold high potential for Building Integrated PV, an important market as European buildings require to be nearly zero-energy by 2020. Currently, Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 (= CIGS(e)) TF solar cells have high efficiency, but also a simple one-dimensional cell design with stability and reliability concerns. Furthermore, its present research has been mainly focused on improving the absorber and buffer layers. Scientifically, Uniting PV aims to study the practical boundaries of CIGS(e) TF solar cell efficiency. For that reason, its goal is to revolutionize the design of CIGS(e) solar cells through implementation of advanced three-dimensional silicon (Si) solar cell concepts. This novel design consists of (i) surface passivation layers and (ii) light management methods integrated into ultra-thin (UT) CIGS(e) solar cells: (i) Passivation layers will be studied to reduce charge carrier recombination at CIGS(e) surfaces. The aim is to create new understanding and thus scientific models. (ii) Light management methods will be studied to optimize optical confinement in UT CIGS(e) layers. The aim is to examine the interaction between light management and charge carrier recombination in UT CIGS(e), and to create scientific models. The main reasons to introduce these developments is to reduce charge carrier recombination at the CIGS(e) surfaces and in the CIGS(e) bulk, while maintaining optical confinement. Technologically, the project targets to establish a solar cell with: (1) Increased cell efficiency, at least 23.0 % and up to 26.0 %; (2) improved stability and reliability, due to reduced CIGS(e) thickness and passivation layers hindering alkali metal movement; and (3) reduced cost, due to the use of less Ga and In, and industrially viable materials, methods and equipment. Hence, its outcome will be upscalable, valuable for other TF PV materials, and start a new wave of innovation in and collaboration between TF and Si PV research fields.

Mots-clés : photovoltaics,solar cells,thin film,cu in,ga se2,cigsse,cigse,cigs,silicon,perc
Projet ERC : NONABVD (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Physical and analytical chemical sciences
Entité participante : Forschungsverbund Berlin — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : FVB
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 899031.74 €

This ERC Starting Grant 2018 aims at the fundamental understanding of ultrafast biomolecular vibrational dynamics in the mid-IR/THz region and respective impact of nonadiabatic effects in dipolar liquids, within nano-confined environments and in the vicinity of biological interfaces. The understanding of these processes via underlying interactions is of fundamental importance with applications covering microscopic descriptions of elementary proton transfer reactions, mechanisms of energy dissipation upon vibrational excitation and solvation dynamics in biological relevant crowded environments. In particular knowledge on anisotropy of ultrafast vibrational energy relaxation together with information about distinguished intra- or inter-molecular acceptor modes, is scarce. As such the ERC Starting Grant 2018 transfers the paradigm of nonadiabatic relaxation, that has proven tremendous predictive power for descriptions of ultrafast electronic relaxation, to the low energy mid-IR/THz domain of biomolecular vibrational (energy relaxation) dynamics. As such the approach provides a description of microscopic phenomena like structural fluctuations, vibrational lifetimes and dissipation of excess energy. The proposed nonadiabatic approach to vibrational dynamics fully accounts for the strong impact of the fluctuating environment and will facilitate a concise theoretical descriptions of proton solvation structure, dynamics and transport within the confinement imposed by proton transport channel proteins. The investigation of proton mobility within reverse micelles will further facilitate the understating of proton structural diffusion within nanoscopic volumes. Such interfacial processes in the vicinity of biological membranes and proton translocation within transmembrane proteins are highly relevant as microscopic foundation of cell respiration driven by the gradient of proton concentration across membranes.

Mots-clés : vibrational spectroscopy,ultrafast dynamics,solvation dynamics
Projet ERC : SILION (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : Technical University of Munich — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TUM
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499942.0 €

This ERC-StG 2014 proposal, SILION, outlines a strategy for the one-pot synthesis, characterization, and reactivity investigation of a positively charged, electron-deficient, highly Lewis acidic, cationic silicon(II) species, denoted “silyliumylidene ions”. Silyliumylidene ion has only four valence electrons, consisting of a lone pair of electrons and two vacant orbitals on the central silicon atom. It will be expected to bear the best combined character of both silylenes as silicon analogue of carbene and silylium ions as silicon analogue of carbenium ions. The program described herein is also aimed at the development of silyliumylidene ion as novel catalysts based on main group elements. The proposed silyliumylidene ions should fulfil the following criteria: a) compounds can be synthesized by a facile one-pot reaction of the corresponding dichlorosilane with two equivalents of N-heterocyclic carbenes, b) silyliumylidene ions will potentially possess three reactive sites including (i) a lone pair at the silicon center, (ii) p-orbital at the silicon center, and (iii) N-heterocyclic carbenes, c) thanks to their strong sigma-donor as well as pi-acceptor ability, the highly reactive silyliumylidene ions are expected to serve as innovative reagents for activation of organic small molecules, excellent catalysts, and strikingly versatile coordination ligands toward transition metals. The target of this proposal is the introduction of facile accessible silyliumylidene ions, which are combined the best properties of silylene and silylium ions, and development of its reactivity and catalytic activity. The synthesis of silyliumylidene ions is straightforward and should allow the investigation of electronic and steric properties of the substituents and N-heterocyclic carbenes. It is anticipated that novel silyliumylidene ions can be used for a promising new building block for low-valent organosilicon compounds and high-performance catalysts.

Mots-clés : main group chemistry,silicon,silylene,silylium ion,transition metal complex,catalysis,small molecule activation
Projet ERC : LuMaSense (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : Technion – Israel Institute of Technology — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 150000.0 €

This PoC is a commercially-oriented spin-off from our “DIAG-CANCER” ERC project, addressing an urgent clinical need in the field of lung cancer (LC). The rationale behind this PoC is that CT-based LC screening programs are emerging in many countries worldwide. However, the high false positive rate of this technique (96% out of the 24% positive CT findings are non-cancerous) has been a major challenge in front those plans. This is because the CT-detected non-cancerous group has undergone unnecessary invasive procedures that are both costly and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. With this PoC project, we aim to increase the specificity of the LDCT based screening program by utilizing an auxiliary noninvasive breath test to distinguish between malignant and non-cancerous CT findings. The proposed breath test relies on a novel stand-alone device that provide an improved combination of speed, sensitivity, portability, low complexity, easy operation and low production cost. In order to transform our idea and current technology into a marketable device we propose taking several steps: (i) optimization of a prototype device and evaluation of its clinical usefulness through clinical studies; (ii) completing the IP portfolio of the device; and (iii) conducting detailed market research to identify the optimal placement in the healthcare market and possible competitors. After completing these stages, to be covered by the present grant, we propose to proceed to the technology transfer to a mature health care company or through complementary fund to advance the technological plans. If successful, the proposed PoC can be translated immediately into a powerful tool for the management of nodule-positive patients. It will both reduce the rate of unnecessary invasive procedures, and on the other hand, will avoid treatment delay when cancer exists. The economic implication of this action is a significant save of ~$12-16 billion for the healthcare system worldwide.
Projet ERC : CAPITA (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : University of Oxford — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 149159.0 €

This Proof of Concept proposal is a rare opportunity to translate social program innovation into international impact. Every year, a billion children worldwide are victims of child abuse. The highest rates are in low-and-middle-income countries, affecting children of all ages (WHO, 2012). A small number of child abuse prevention programs for young children have been tested in high-income countries and commercialized. This makes them inaccessible to the vast majority of families at risk of abuse in the developing world. Since 2013, our ERC starter grant has aimed directly at innovation. Working with UNICEF and the WHO, we have developed and tested a 14-session, family-based child abuse prevention program specifically for low-income contexts, and for worldwide free availability: the ‘Sinovuyo Caring Families Program’ New and robust scientific results have shown substantive reductions in child abuse for families participating in the program. There is already extensive demand for scale-up from policy partners, in over 16 countries in multiple regions. This proposal also presents extraordinary value-for-money, with co-funding for training and implementation already identified by agencies including USAID, Catholic Relief Services and governments in low-income countries. This grant would allow forming a strong and focused innovation team to provide the support needed by these partners for proof-of-concept scale-up in 16 initial countries. It will develop training, supervision and cultural adaptation guidelines. It will also support sustainable impacts through capacity-building a new non-profit entity being established by UNICEF and WHO to provide long-term management of the program scale-up. This proposal has potential for massive social impact: to reduce an acute social problem that disproportionately affects the poorest, most vulnerable and least able to protect themselves. This is not an opportunity to miss.

Mots-clés : child abuse,prevention,adolescents,training,innovation
Projet ERC : MEUS (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : University of London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : U. London
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 749968.19 €

This comparative ethnographic project asks, how do people of different faiths coexist in cities? Questions of coexistence take on urgency in a time of increasing religiously-inflected flashpoints across the globe. How can we think about religious coexistence beyond prevailing frameworks of tolerance or conflict? MEUS will explore multi-religious encounters in non-secular urban contexts, ie. areas where there is a state religion or where religion has salience in the public sphere. Research will be organised into three complementary and contrasting sub-projects in South Asia (Karachi), East Africa (Nairobi), and Southern Europe (Palermo). The sites are similar, having served historically as encounter sites for major religions, but differ in their vantage points on religious pluralism. The project has two objectives: 1)to examine what modes of religious co-habitation emerge in aspiring urban settings; and 2)to develop a cross-regional comparative framework about religious pluralism that de-centers secular-liberal ideas of tolerance and opens space for alternate modes of coexistence. MEUS will ask: How do people of different religious faiths coexist in cities? What tensions and contestations does such coexistence articulate or give rise to? Do aspirations for socioeconomic mobility engender encounters with religious ‘others’ and, if so, how do people make sense of this contact? MEUS is novel in its ethnographic and comparative frame. Its interventions within debates on pluralism will challenge the monistic tendencies of studies of religion (eg. the anthropology of Islam) and counter the hegemony of secularism in ideas on coexistence. MEUS is cognizant that the current work on coexistence, outside of liberal contexts, is largely regional and interpreted as exceptions to the norm. Instead, MEUS pushes against the limits of regional comparisons to develop a cross-regional, historically sensitive understanding of coexistence with the aim of provincializing secularism.

Mots-clés : islam,christianity,hinduism,pakistan,italy,kenya,secularism,urban
Projet ERC : MEUS (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : University of Edinburgh — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 347085.31 €

This comparative ethnographic project asks, how do people of different faiths coexist in cities? Questions of coexistence take on urgency in a time of increasing religiously-inflected flashpoints across the globe. How can we think about religious coexistence beyond prevailing frameworks of tolerance or conflict? MEUS will explore multi-religious encounters in non-secular urban contexts, ie. areas where there is a state religion or where religion has salience in the public sphere. Research will be organised into three complementary and contrasting sub-projects in South Asia (Karachi), East Africa (Nairobi), and Southern Europe (Palermo). The sites are similar, having served historically as encounter sites for major religions, but differ in their vantage points on religious pluralism. The project has two objectives: 1)to examine what modes of religious co-habitation emerge in aspiring urban settings; and 2)to develop a cross-regional comparative framework about religious pluralism that de-centers secular-liberal ideas of tolerance and opens space for alternate modes of coexistence. MEUS will ask: How do people of different religious faiths coexist in cities? What tensions and contestations does such coexistence articulate or give rise to? Do aspirations for socioeconomic mobility engender encounters with religious ‘others’ and, if so, how do people make sense of this contact? MEUS is novel in its ethnographic and comparative frame. Its interventions within debates on pluralism will challenge the monistic tendencies of studies of religion (eg. the anthropology of Islam) and counter the hegemony of secularism in ideas on coexistence. MEUS is cognizant that the current work on coexistence, outside of liberal contexts, is largely regional and interpreted as exceptions to the norm. Instead, MEUS pushes against the limits of regional comparisons to develop a cross-regional, historically sensitive understanding of coexistence with the aim of provincializing secularism.

Mots-clés : islam,christianity,hinduism,pakistan,italy,kenya,secularism,urban