Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : HYPER (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental Constituents of Matter
Entité participante : Université de technologie de Darmstadt — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1975733.75 €

Observable hadronic matter is mostly composed of u, d quarks. The strangeness degree of freedom is expected to play an important role in dense nuclear matter in the form of hyperons, baryons with at least one valence strange quark. Hyperons can form bound nuclear systems with nucleons and create short-lived hypernuclei which decay on the time-scale of the weak interaction (typically ∼200 ps). Our knowledge of nuclear matter is so far restricted to precision nucleon scattering and nuclear data while a generalisation to other quark flavours lacks precision data.  HYPER pioneers a new production mechanism of hypernuclei from antimatter. HYPER will explore the terra incognita of the strange nuclear landscape with unprecedented capabilities. The measured precision ground-state properties and spectroscopy of single-lambda hypernuclei along isotopic chains, from neutron deficient to neutron rich, will give access to the isospin properties of the many-body interactions involving lambda hyperons, and thus to the role of strangeness in the nuclear equation of state and in neutron stars.  The core of HYPER is the development of a new multi-purpose detector with high sensitivity, energy and timing resolutions to be used at the Antimatter Factory of CERN. HYPER has the potential to seed a hypernuclei factory in Europe.
Projet ERC : Brains On Code (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer Science and Informatics
Entité participante : Université de la Sarre — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2499023.0 €

The pivotal role of software in our modern world mandates strong requirements on quality, correctness, and reliability of software systems. In software development and maintenance, the ability to understand program artifacts plays a key role for programmers to fulfill these requirements. Despite significant progress, research on program comprehension has a fundamental limitation: program comprehension is a cognitive process that cannot be directly observed, which leaves considerable room for misinterpretation, uncertainty, and confounders. In Brains On Code, we will develop a neuroscientific foundation of program comprehension. Instead of merely observing whether there is a difference regarding program comprehension (e.g., between two programming methods), we aim at precisely and reliably determining the key factors that cause the difference. This is especially challenging as humans are the subjects of study, and inter-personal variance and other confounding factors obfuscate the results. The key idea of Brains On Code is to leverage established methods from cognitive neuroscience to obtain insights into the underlying processes and influential factors of program comprehension. Brains On Code will pursue a multimodal approach that integrates different neuro-physiological measures as well as a cognitive computational modeling approach to establish the theoretical foundation. This way, Brains On Code will lay the foundations of measuring and modeling program comprehension and offer substantial feedback for programming methodology, language design, and education. Addressing longstanding foundational questions such as "How can we reliably measure program comprehension?", "What makes a program hard to understand?", and "What skills should programmers have?" will become into reach. A success of Brains On Code would not only help answer these questions, but also provide an outline for applying the methodology beyond program code (models, specifications, etc.).

Mots-clés : program comprehension,empirical software engineering
Projet ERC : SAIGA (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Texts and Concepts
Entité participante : Université de Varsovie — Pays : Pologne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2497775.0 €

Building on Claude Lévi-Strauss’s oft-cited claim that “animals are good to think with,” SAIGA sets out to forge a zoological trail in the understanding of Eastern Europe between the sixteenth and late eighteenth centuries. Focusing on animal representations, the project will shed new light on the role of images in the production and transfer of knowledge. The project will highlight the region’s underrated contributions to the development of natural history by examining the overlooked Eastern European nodes in networks of scholars. By investigating various patterns of transmission of knowledge from East to West, this study will consider the vital role of Eastern informants, both trusted experts and unreliable amateurs. With animals as the primary object of investigation, the project will direct attention to the arduous processes of discovering Eastern European fauna. While some species had already been recorded by ancient authors (though seldom if ever seen), other species were only documented in the early modern period, turning Eastern Europe into a rewarding research opportunity for naturalists. Tracing the replication of images of Eastern European fauna, the project seeks to understand how early modern naturalists accounted for the discrepancies among ancient, medieval, and contemporaneous sources, and how their strategies of verification varied between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries. Mapping this knowledge transfer onto the articulation of early modern geographies—which also attempted to make sense of the regions situated between Europe and Asia—the project promises to move the study of Eastern Europe beyond the paradigm of “demi-Orientalism,” which all too often imposes a modern othering lens onto the earlier past of the region. Finally, the project will foreground the role of the arts, above all various printmaking techniques, in projecting the image of the region as an environmental and cultural landscape defined and distinguished by its animals.

Mots-clés : eastern europe,early modern period,sarmatia,animal studies
Projet ERC : FIERCE (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Universe Sciences
Entité participante : Institut de Recherche et d’Innovation en Santé de l’Université de Porto — Pays : Portugal — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : i3S
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2080373.75 €

FIERCE aims at providing the long-needed step forward to tackle the challenges of stellar activity on the search for Exoearths.  The detection and characterisation of other Earths, planets with the physical conditions to hold liquid water and thus potential life-sustaining environments, is a bold objective of present day astrophysics. This goal continuously pushes the development of new ground- and space-based instrumentation. However, the quest for other Earths is severely limited by astrophysical ``noise'' from the host stars, whose signatures distort the spectra that are used to detect and characterise them. Existing methods usually circumvent the problem without a detailed understanding of the individual sources of variability. This is insufficient to reach the required precision levels. To enable the full scientific success of major exoplanet research facilities a new approach is clearly needed.  With FIERCE, the PI will employ his competitive team, together with the strong participation in cutting-edge ESO and ESA projects and missions, to break through in this obstacle. The ultimate goal is to i) develop novel approaches to identify, model, and correct stellar spurious signals in radial velocity measurements down to 10 cm/s, and ii) obtain a comprehensive understanding of the impact of stellar granulation and activity on the detection of exoplanet atmospheres.  To this end, FIERCE will approach the problem of stellar ``noise'' from a whole new angle, building a dedicated facility, the Paranal solar Espresso Telescope (PoET). PoET will connect to the recently commissioned ESPRESSO spectrograph and, using the Sun as a proxy, allow to unambiguously identify and understand the sources of relevant variability in solar-type stars.  Ambitious, timely, and feasible, this project will provide crucial information for the success of present and future major efforts aiming at detecting and characterising other Earths.
Projet ERC : Traitor-Viruses (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Immunity, Infection and I mmunotherapy
Entité participante : Université d'Ulm — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2339875.0 €

Viruses may seem smart since they rapidly develop new skills to spread in humans. However, they are actually just masters of trial and error. Their short generation time, enormous reproduction and high variability allows viruses to try countless variations. A few of these will enhance viral spread and, in the worst case, enable viral pandemics. It is conceivable that viruses evolve to counteract those defence mechanisms that would otherwise be most effective against them. Usually, it is hard to assess why specific changes are advantageous. This is especially true for adaptations enabling viral pathogens to counteract innate antiviral factors because these cellular proteins and their viral antagonists are numerous and highly versatile. Here, I propose to combine the advantages of the revolutionary CRISPR/Cas9 technology with the enormous adaptive power of viruses to develop a novel approach allowing robust, specific and genome-wide unmasking of antiviral mechanisms. In principle, we will equip HIV-1 with genetic scissors to convert them into “traitor viruses” revealing their cellular opponents. To achieve this, we will generate libraries of replication-competent HIV-1 constructs expressing guide RNAs as genetic tools with the potential to inactivate every human gene in Cas9 expressing cells. Virus variants expressing guide RNAs eliminating antiviral genes will be selected by in vitro passaging and identified by next generation sequencing. Utilization of different viral backbones will allow the discovery of key defence factors against viral zoonoses and spread in humans. Finally, we will determine the antiviral spectrum and inducibility of innate antiviral factors to identify vulnerabilities of viral pathogens that can be exploited in preventive and therapeutic approaches. The project will establish and apply an innovative, highly versatile approach to uncover our antiviral defence mechanisms with the ultimate goal is to achieve better control of viral pathogens.
Projet ERC : JOINEDUPJUSTICE (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Université libre d'Amsterdam — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 16250.0 €

JOINEDUPJUSTICE develops parameters for a coordinated system of global justice at the domestic level. While the project’s focus is on international criminal law (ICL), international refugee law (IRL) is the starting point; it is the metaphorical canary in the coal mine that flags up questions at the heart of ICL.  Many of the domestic prosecutions of international crimes (crimes against humanity, war crimes, genocide) are asylum related. This comes with problems. First, article 1F(a) of the Refugee Convention, (exclusion clause), stipulates that those who are suspected of having committed international crimes are undeserving of protection and should be prosecuted. There is no uniform understanding of ‘undeserving’. At the same time, ICL lacks an overarching policy of who is 'deserving' of prosecution. Many excluded asylum claimants remain unprosecuted and exist in a legal limbo. Second, asylum related prosecutions have a distorting effect. It comes with a focus on low-level and ‘low cost’ defendants (from weak countries). Third, it hampers developing a long-term approach to ICL enforcement. The project consists of 5 work packages and 9 subprojects: (i) through empirical research in 8 focus countries and comprehensive case-analysis it maps who is deserving of prosecution whilst scrutinizing the ‘enemy of mankind’ narrative, ‘no safe haven’ and ‘end to impunity’ goals, (ii) it clarifies the scope of ‘undeserving’ and draws the line between criminal complicity and non-criminal association, addressing the ICL-IRL mismatch that leaves many in limbo, (iii) it proposes a system of ‘jurisdiction designation’ based on subsidiarity and burden-sharing plus a settlement proposal premised on a ‘right to start again’, (iv) allows for policy integration, (v) and synthesises findings into an account of coordinated global criminal justice. The project’s ambition, scope and methodology will lead to a step change in international criminal justice where the future is domestic.

Mots-clés : international criminal law,international crimes,prosecutorial policy,icc,universal jurisdiction
Projet ERC : INCANTAR (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing
Entité participante : Telethon Foundation — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2446625.0 €

Transcription factors EB and E3 (TFEB and TFE3), members of the MiT-TFE family, are master controllers of lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy. The activity of TFEB and TFE3 is regulated by mechanistic Target Of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1), a central hub of cell metabolism, which inhibits their cytoplasm-to-nucleus translocation. We recently discovered that mTORC1 phosphorylates TFEB and TFE3 via a non-canonical TORC1 (NC-mTORC1) signaling mechanism, providing the first evidence that mTORC1 can produce specific responses to different environmental cues by differential substrate phosphorylation. We and others recently discovered that dysregulation of NC-mTORC1, leading to constitutive activation of TFEB/TFE3, is the main driver of the renal cystic and tumorigenic phenotype of inherited cancer syndromes Birt-Hogg-Dube' (BHD) and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC). Remarkably, deletion of TFEB completely rescued renal cystogenesis and tumorigenesis in BHD and TSC mouse models. Furthermore, additional types of cancer have been associated to induction of TFEB/TFE3, suggesting that this may be an emerging mechanism of tumorigenesis. In INCANTAR (INherited CANcer TARgeting) we aim to identify novel regulators of TFEB/TFE3 factors by CRISPR screening and protein interactome analyses, which may reveal new therapeutic targets. We also plan to thoroughly characterize the pathogenic role of TFEB and TFE3 in TSC and BHD using transgenic mice and kidney and brain organoids. Finally, we will explore novel therapeutic strategies for TFEB/TFE3 driven diseases, such as selective ablation of cells expressing GPNMB, a sensitive transcriptional target of MiT-TFE factors, and drug screening for MiT-TFE inhibitors using a newly developed MiT-TFE transcriptional reporter. These studies will shed new light on the mechanisms underlying the pathogenic role of MiT-TFE factors and are likely to generate novel therapeutic tools for several cancer-associated conditions.

Mots-clés : mtorc1,lysosome,tuberous sclerosis,autophagy,kidney cancer,cell signalling,gene networks
Projet ERC : LINLOSS (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Soci al World and Its Interactions
Entité participante : Université de Silésie — Pays : Pologne — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 217181.25 €

This study aims to provide a new understanding of how losses, disposals and dead-ends shape the direction of social change at moments of rupture, and to develop a formal theory of social loss. Sociologists have shown that people respond to crises by reconfiguring cultural understandings, narratives of self and social relationships. However, we have not paid sufficient attention to how what is disposed of shapes future pathways. LINLOSS will address this gap in the sociological imagination. It will develop new explanations of how loss generates change at multiple, intersecting societal scales: in the transformation of cultural and institutional patterns across generations; within changing configurations of relationships across genealogies and social networks; and in the reconstruction of pasts and futures within biographies. The research will be a comparative, cross-national community study of two ‘exurban’ districts in Ireland and Poland. The main form of data collection will be mixed biographical interviews, combining unstructured and formal elements, connected within genealogical support networks. The analysis will take place across two iterations: a comparative analysis to trace the effects of breaks and losses within and between social lineages at multiple scales; and a thematic analysis to identify how instances of loss are tied together by a common social pattern. We live in ‘unsettled times,’ when it is essential that sociologists provide insights on how pathways of social loss and renewal lead to variations and resilience to new challenges, for individuals, families and communities. If successful, the study will make a significant contribution towards this goal. It will deliver a methodological breakthrough in pioneering methods for the analysis of dynamic, multi-scalar social processes and will make a major theoretical contribution to scholarship on social change.

Mots-clés : community life social change culture biographies social networks life course qualitative research methods comparative research methods
Projet ERC : REACT (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Soci al World and Its Interactions
Entité participante : Université de Colima — Pays : Mexique — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 168926.25 €

We live in a time of endemic uncertainty and accelerating socio-economic exclusion. The collapse of the extractivist ideology of the neoliberal model of development has led to needs for other worldviews. Young people in the Global South are particularly impacted by the socio-economic consequences, affecting their ability to control their livelihoods. This is indicated by high unemployment, gender and job market inequalities, and the decline of living standards despite general economic growth.  REACT emerges as an ambitious, feasible project. The ambition is empirical, methodological and theoretical. REACT uniquely focuses on sourcing everyday activism outside of conventional activist spaces. A qualitative study of 300 youth across 5 cities combined with a survey (12.000) from 20 cities will generate insights on how young people negotiate and act upon their life circumstances. REACT applies a critical-creative pedagogy to foster critical hope via artistic expression, scenario building, urban manifestos, networking and cultural encounters across the Global South. Uncovering individuals’ everyday practices of activism generates insights about the formation of subjectivities in urban contexts, practices of communication in everyday life, perceptions and forms of activism, connects hope with citizenship, and individual action with collective action. These elements are deeply intertwined, hence the need for an interdisciplinary framework. Embedded in communication for social change, and drawing on cultural studies, urban studies, critical pedagogy and critical development studies, REACT will develop a novel interdisciplinary theory for the study of COMmunication, PArticipation and Social Change (COMPAS). REACT’s ambition is also geographical and epistemological; Conducting a study of young people across the geographical Global South can amend the cognitive injustice seen in the imbalance of knowledge production about youth, communication and social change.
Projet ERC : AlloCure (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention,  Diagnosis and T reatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : Université de Fribourg-en-Brisgau — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2498943.0 €

Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and leukemia relapse cause 75% of the mortality of patients having undergone allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). A better understanding of signalling in immune cells, tissue specific cell types and leukemia cells is key to develop novel therapies against GVHD and leukemia relapse. The ambitious overall goal of AlloCure is to identify the pathogenic events that initiate GVHD (1), maintain therapy-refractory GVHD (2) and mediate immune escape causing leukemia relapse (3). To address these high risk/high gain questions novel methods and developments across disciplines are required. (1) I hypothesize that a loss of to date unexplored intestinal enteroendocrine cells promotes GVHD initiation. To study these small cell subsets, we will use reporter genes and novel imaging methods to systematically evaluate their fate and signalling during intestinal GVHD. (2) Signalling propagating refractory GVHD is not well-understood. Our phospho-proteomics data set from corticosteroid- and ruxolitinib-refractory GVHD patients will instruct selective analysis of kinase activation in immune cells and enterocytes by using genetic Cre-lox-based and pharmacological approaches. (3) I have shown that leukemia-derived lactic acid inhibits glycolysis and MEK/ERK signalling in T cells, thereby impairing graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effects. Here, I will decipher which other leukemia-derived metabolites mediate pathogenic signalling in immune cells and test if oncogenic signalling in leukemia cells drives immunosuppressive metabolite production. To enhance GVL we will inhibit pathogenic kinase activation in leukemia cells and myeloid suppressor cells. Using high risk/high gain approaches in a combination of murine and human studies AlloCure aims to develop individualized therapeutic strategies to interfere with pathogenic signalling responsible for GVHD or leukemia relapse to reduce the mortality rate of patients undergoing allo-HCT.

Mots-clés : allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,graft versus host disease