Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : 4DPHOTON (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental constituents of matter
Entité participante : University of Ferrara — Pays : Italie — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 506250.0 €

Goal of the 4DPHOTON project is the development and construction of a photon imaging detector with unprecedented performance. The proposed device will be capable of detecting fluxes of single-photons up to one billion photons per second, over areas of several square centimetres, and will measure - for each photon - position and time simultaneously with resolutions better than ten microns and few tens of picoseconds, respectively. These figures of merit will open many important applications allowing significant advances in particle physics, life sciences or other emerging fields where excellent timing and position resolutions are simultaneously required. Our goal will be achieved thanks to the use of an application-specific integrated circuit in 65 nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology, that will deliver a timing resolution of few tens of picoseconds at the pixel level, over few hundred thousand individually-active pixel channels, allowing very high rates of photons to be detected, and the corresponding information digitized and transferred to a processing unit. As a result of the 4DPHOTON project we will remove the constraints that many light imaging applications have due to the lack of precise single-photon information on four dimensions (4D): the three spatial coordinates and time simultaneously. In particular, we will prove the performance of this detector in the field of particle physics, performing the reconstruction of Cherenkov photon rings with a timing resolution of ten picoseconds. With its excellent granularity, timing resolution, rate capability and compactness, this detector will represent a new paradigm for the realisation of future Ring Imaging Cherenkov detectors, capable of achieving high efficiency particle identification in environments with very high particle multiplicities, exploiting time-association of the photon hits.

Mots-clés : picosecond single photon imaging detectors  microchannel plate photon detectors
Projet ERC : 4DPHOTON (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental constituents of matter
Entité participante : European Organization for Nuclear Research — Pays : Suisse — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : CERN
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 368750.0 €

Goal of the 4DPHOTON project is the development and construction of a photon imaging detector with unprecedented performance. The proposed device will be capable of detecting fluxes of single-photons up to one billion photons per second, over areas of several square centimetres, and will measure - for each photon - position and time simultaneously with resolutions better than ten microns and few tens of picoseconds, respectively. These figures of merit will open many important applications allowing significant advances in particle physics, life sciences or other emerging fields where excellent timing and position resolutions are simultaneously required. Our goal will be achieved thanks to the use of an application-specific integrated circuit in 65 nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology, that will deliver a timing resolution of few tens of picoseconds at the pixel level, over few hundred thousand individually-active pixel channels, allowing very high rates of photons to be detected, and the corresponding information digitized and transferred to a processing unit. As a result of the 4DPHOTON project we will remove the constraints that many light imaging applications have due to the lack of precise single-photon information on four dimensions (4D): the three spatial coordinates and time simultaneously. In particular, we will prove the performance of this detector in the field of particle physics, performing the reconstruction of Cherenkov photon rings with a timing resolution of ten picoseconds. With its excellent granularity, timing resolution, rate capability and compactness, this detector will represent a new paradigm for the realisation of future Ring Imaging Cherenkov detectors, capable of achieving high efficiency particle identification in environments with very high particle multiplicities, exploiting time-association of the photon hits.

Mots-clés : picosecond single photon imaging detectors  microchannel plate photon detectors
Projet ERC : eCONFIDENCE (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Proof of concept grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Physical and analytical chemical sciences
Entité participante : Technical University of Munich — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TUM
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 150000.0 €

Goal of the PoC is to evaluate possible commercial applications of a multi-sensor test strip and the necessary oxygen scavenger that were patented within the ERC starting grant “REDOX SHIELDS”. Such a multi-analyte sensor can be used to calibrate the millions of data points generated by wearables every day to improve the accuracy of non-invasive sensors in a Big Data scheme in fitness and healthcare. The test strip is designed to accurately measure multiple analytes from a tiny drop of blood.

Mots-clés : biosensors,biomarkers,big data,healthcare,point of care
Projet ERC : PHILIUMM (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2499477.0 €

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716) is one of the most prominent philosophers and mathematicians of Early Modern times. As he himself emphasized on various occasions, these two facets of his work were closely related. Yet, half of his mathematical production is still completely unknown – a dramatic situation which has no equivalent for other great thinkers from that period. Moreover, about half of what has been published appears to have been established without adhering to rigorous scientific standards. The pioneering proposal of the PHILIUMM project is to completely reassess Leibniz’ philosophy through a systematic exploration of his unpublished mathematical manuscripts. The project is supported by an unrivalled research group, which has been developed over the last ten years in France. It also relies on a close partnership with the Leibniz-Archiv in Hanover and will benefit from recent progress in the digitalization of Leibniz’ mathematical manuscripts (accessible online since 2016). Ground-breaking preliminary results were already obtained on specific sets of texts (mainly on algebra and geometry). We have determined original scientific hypotheses in order to guide the study of nearly 17 000 printed pages of new material. The main hypothesis is a radical reinterpretation of what reducing a mathematical truth to an “identity” actually meant to Leibniz. This hypothesis has strong echoes in contemporary philosophy of logic and mathematics and will bring new insights into contemporary debates. We would also like to use this project to render Leibniz’ thought more accessible (especially to historians of mathematics, mathematics teachers and students) by the publication of an online edition and the development of new digital tools. The project is divided into five tasks corresponding to the following topics: Dyadica (binary arithmetic), Ars combinatoria, Foundations of differential calculus, Leibniz’ doctrine of mathematical abstraction and ‘Machines and thought'.

Mots-clés : history of mathematics,philosophy of mathematics,g  w  leibniz
Projet ERC : SYSTEMATICGRAPH (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer science and informatics
Entité participante : Hungarian Academy of Sciences — Pays : Hongrie — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : MTA
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 359087.56 €

Graph-theoretical models are natural tools for the description of road networks, circuits, communication networks, and abstract relations between objects, hence algorithmic graph problems appear in a wide range of computer science applications. As most of these problems are computationally hard in their full generality, research in graph algorithms, approximability, and parameterized complexity usually aims at identifying restricted variants and special cases, which are at the same time sufficiently general to be of practical relevance and sufficiently restricted to admit efficient algorithmic solutions. The goal of the project is to put the search for tractable algorithmic graph problems into a systematic and methodological framework: instead of focusing on specific sporadic problems, we intend to obtain a unified algorithmic understanding by mapping the entire complexity landscape of a particular problem domain. Completely classifying the complexity of each and every algorithmic problem appearing in a given formal framework would necessarily reveal every possible algorithmic insight relevant to the formal setting, with the potential of discovering novel algorithmic techniques of practical interest. This approach has been enormously successful in the complexity classifications of Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs), but comparatively very little work has been done in the context of graphs. The systematic investigation of hard algorithmic graph problems deserves the same level of attention as the dichotomy program of CSPs, and graph problems have similarly rich complexity landscapes and unification results waiting to be discovered. The project will demonstrate that such a complete classification is feasible for a wide range of graph problems coming from areas such as finding patterns, routing, and survivable network design, and novel algorithmic results and new levels of algorithmic understanding can be achieved even for classic and well-studied problems.

Mots-clés : f 2 2  theory of computing   analysis of algorithms and problem complexity   computation on discrete structures,g 2 2  mathematics of computing   discrete mathematics    graph theory
Projet ERC : FIRSTSTEP (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Condensed matter physics
Entité participante : Utrecht University — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2500000.0 €

Graphene redirected the pathways of solid-state physics with a revival of 2-D materials showing Dirac physics due to their honeycomb geometry. The charge carriers are fundamentally different from those in conventional electronic systems: the energy vs. wave vector relationship is linear instead of quadratic, resulting in Dirac bands with massless carriers. A genuinely new class of materials will emerge provided that classic semiconductor compounds can be molded in the nanoscale honeycomb geometry: The Dirac-type band structure is then combined with the beneficial properties of semiconductors, e.g. a band gap, optical and electrical switching, and strong spin-orbit coupling. The PI recently prepared atomically coherent 2-D PbSe and CdSe semiconductors by nanocrystal assembly and epitaxial attachment. Moreover, he showed theoretically that these systems combine a semiconductor gap with Dirac-type valence and conduction bands, while the strong spin-orbit coupling results in the quantum spin Hall effect. The ERC advanced grant will allow him to develop a robust bottom-up synthesis platform for 2-D metal-chalcogenide semiconductor compounds with honeycomb nanoscale geometry. The PI will study their band structure and opto-electronic properties using several types of scanning tunnelling micro-spectroscopy and optical spectroscopy. The Fermilevel will be controlled with an electrolyte-gated transistor in order to measure the carrier transport properties. The results will be compared directly with those obtained on the same 2-D semiconductors without honeycomb geometry, hence showing the conventional band structure. This should unambiguously reveal the Dirac features of honeycomb semiconductors: valence band and conduction band Dirac cones, non-trivial band openings at the K-points that may host the quantum spin Hall effect, and non-trivial flat bands. 2-D semiconductors with massless holes and electrons open new opportunities in opto-electronic devices and spintronics.

Mots-clés : nanocrystals,bottom up self assembly,dirac fermions,semiconductors,scanning tunnelling micro spectroscopy
Projet ERC : MaGRaTh (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental constituents of matter
Entité participante : University of Lisbon — Pays : Portugal — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1305625.0 €

Gravity is the weakest but the most intriguing fundamental interaction in the Universe. In the last decades a formidable intellectual effort has shown that the full-fledged geometric nature of gravity offers much more than a beautiful description and understanding of all stellar and galactic. In the quest for the ultimate theory of gravity, new and spectacular connections between high-energy physics, astrophysics, cosmology and theoretical physics have emerged. Triggered by breakthroughs at the observational, experimental and conceptual levels, strong gravity physics is experiencing a Golden Age, making it one of the most active fields of research of the 21st century. My group in Lisbon has been involved in groundbreaking research into the nature of strong-field effects in curved spacetime with applications in various fields, thus establishing international leadership in the field. This proposal aims at understanding, via perturbative techniques and full-blown nonlinear evolutions, the strong-field regime of gravity, and includes challenging nonlinear evolutions describing gravitational collapse, compact binary inspirals and collisions in the presence of fundamental fields. The proposed programme will significantly advance our knowledge of Einstein's field equations and their role in fundamental questions (e.g. cosmic censorship, hoop conjecture, spacetime stability, no hair theorems), but also its interplay with high energy, astro and particle physics (testing the precise nature of the interaction between compact objects and matter --such as dark matter candidates or accretion disks-- and its imprint on gravitational wave emission, understanding gravitational-led turbulence,etc). This is a cross-cutting and multidisciplinary program with an impact on our understanding of gravity at all scales, on our perception of black hole-powered phenomena and on gravitational-wave and particle physics.

Mots-clés : einstein field equations,gauge gravity duality,black hole physics,gravitational waves
Projet ERC : BACKLASH (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Utrecht University — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1491458.0 €

Growing calls for ambitious climate change action are challenging for governance because such action can trigger backlash. Why do societies sometimes accept costly public good action, but at other times push back suddenly and reject it? Abrupt and impactful reactions to climate policy actions are increasingly witnessed: Climate Backlash. Examples include the Yellow Vests in France, and acrimonious policy rollbacks in Canada and Australia. Climate change governance theory is, so far, unable to account for such dynamics, which undermines prospects for ambitious climate action. The challenge of BACKLASH is to empirically study, and ultimately to theorise, this type of contentious reaction to policy action. The aim of BACKLASH is to explain why, how, and under which conditions climate backlash emerges in advanced industrial democracies. BACKLASH will: 1) Identify the configurational drivers of climate backlash across varying national contexts, 2) Determine the mechanisms and processes by which climate backlash occurs within specific national contexts, 3) Establish whether and how climate backlash diffuses within and between countries, and 4) Explain the forms (i.e. institutionalised, non-institutionalised) and variation of climate backlash across contexts. To accomplish this, BACKLASH will conduct a two-level study of 36 OECD countries, and 4 in-depth national cases of climate policy, namely Australia, Canada, France, United Kingdom. BACKLASH is ground-breaking in: 1) pioneering an original interdisciplinary lens for studying climate backlash, 2) advancing an ambitious mixed-methods research design, and applying and testing new innovations in cross-case analysis, and 3) tackling a new combination of challenging empirical circumstances confronting the field of climate governance with profound implications for policy-society dynamics. This will open up new frontiers for the interdisciplinary study of backlash to policy in addressing contentious collective problems.

Mots-clés : climate governance,environmental governance,climate change policy,climate action,backlash to policy
Projet ERC : H-Unique (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering
Entité participante : Lancaster University — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2133709.51 €

H-unique will be the first multimodal automated interrogation of visible hand anatomy, through analysis and interpretation of human variation. It will be an interdisciplinary project, supported by anatomists, anthropologists, geneticists, bioinformaticians, image analysts and computer scientists. We will investigate inherent and acquired variation in search of uniqueness, as the hand retains and displays a multiplicity of anatomical variants formed by different aetiologies (genetics, development, environment, accident etc). Hard biometrics, such as fingerprints, are well understood and some soft biometrics are gaining traction within both biometric and forensic domains (e.g. superficial vein pattern, skin crease pattern, morphometry, scars, tattoos and pigmentation pattern). A combinatorial approach of soft and hard biometrics has not been previously attempted from images of the hand. We will pioneer the development of new methods that will release the full extent of variation locked within the visible anatomy of the human hand and reconstruct its discriminatory profile as a retro-engineered multimodal biometric. A significant step change is required in the science to both reliably and repeatably extract and compare anatomical information from large numbers of images especially when the hand is not in a standard position or when either the resolution or lighting in the image is not ideal. Large datasets are vital for this work to be legally admissible. Through citizen engagement with science, this research will collect images from over 5,000 participants, creating an active, open source, ground-truth dataset. It will examine and address the effects of variable image conditions on data extraction and will design algorithms that permit auto-pattern searching across large numbers of stored images of variable quality. This will provide a major novel breakthrough in the study of anatomical variation, with wide-ranging, interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary impact.

Mots-clés : anatomy,identification,biometric,automation
Projet ERC : HIGHWAVE (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : École normale supérieure Paris-Saclay — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ENS Paris-Saclay
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1037130.0 €

HIGHWAVE is an interdisciplinary project at the frontiers of coastal/ocean engineering, earth system science, statistics and fluid mechanics that will explore fundamental open questions in wave breaking. Why do waves break, how do they dissipate energy and why is this important? A central element of the work builds on recent international developments in the field of wave breaking and wave run-up led by the PI that have provided the first universal criterion for predicting the onset of breaking of water waves in uniform water depths from deep to intermediate. This work has also shown that the run-up of nonlinear waves impinging on a vertical wall can exceed up to 12 times the far-field amplitude of the incoming waves. These results have now opened up the possibility for more accurate operational wave models. They have practical and economic benefits in determining structural loads on ships and coastal/offshore infrastructure, evaluating seabed response to extreme waves, and optimizing operational strategies for maritime and marine renewable energy enterprises. This is a tremendous advance comparable to the introduction of wave prediction during World War II, and the PI aims to be at the forefront of this research effort to take research in wave breaking into fundamentally new directions. The objectives of the project are: (i) to develop an innovative approach to include accurate wave breaking physics into coupled sea state and ocean weather forecasting models; (ii) to obtain improved criteria for the design of ships and coastal/offshore infrastructure; (iii) to quantify erosion by powerful breaking waves, and (iv) to develop new concepts in wave measurement with improved characterization of wave breaking using real-time instrumentation. This highly interdisciplinary project will involve an ambitious and unconventional combination of computational simulation/theory, laboratory experiments, and field measurements of sea waves, closely informed by application needs.

Mots-clés : ocean waves,wave measurement,nonlinear waves,air sea interaction,wave loading,overtopping,morphodynamics,erosion,wireless wave sensor technology,computational fluid dynamics