Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : HodgeGeoComb (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : Université de Copenhague — Pays : Danemark — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : KU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 93882.81 €

We propose an approach to the Dodziuk-Singer conjecture, a central conjecture in geometric topology, specifically concerning the great challenge that understanding aspherical manifolds can pose, based on newly developed tools from combinatorial commutative algebra and combinatorial Hodge Theory, and discuss several intermediate problems along the way. The main idea is based on a connection to commutative algebra via the partition complex, an interpretation of local cohomology that allows for a translation between data contained in the L2 cohomology of a manifold and Lefschetz properties of toric varieties associated to them. Additionally, we outline connections to other approaches to the Dodziuk-Singer conjecture as well as special cases, such as the Hopf and Charney-Davis conjectures, and propose ideas to connect the different aspects of the viewpoints into one. Finally, we discuss problems related to the methods proposed, in particular focussing on unrealised and unexploited relations between combinatorics, Hodge theory and geometry. We discuss in particular deformations of polyhedra and metrics, as well as expansion and connectivity.
Projet ERC : FGR PODS (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention,  Diagnosis and T reatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : University Medical Center Groningen — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UMCG
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 200000.0 €

Early-onset foetal growth restriction <32 weeks’ gestation is a severe pregnancy disorder that affects an estimated 15,000 European pregnancies annually and puts the babies at risk of severe morbidity and mortality. The underlying mechanism of the disorder is placental insufficiency leading to failure to meet the foetal metabolic and respiratory demands (the first leading to the growth disorder, the latter leading to fetal demise). Birth of the foetus prevents further damage from the intrauterine environment, but exposes the neonate to the challenges of severe prematurity. When women are admitted to the hospital with this complication of pregnancy, the obstetrician monitors the progressive signs of placental insufficiency and decides to expedite birth when the risks of foetal demise outweigh the risks of prematurity. Currently, there is lacking evidence how to weigh all prognosticators in this balance, therefore it takes place in the black box of the obstetrician's mind. In FGR PODS (Fetal Growth Restriction Perinatal Outcome Decision Support), I aim to develop and validate a ground-breaking decision support tool that will aid the obstetrician with objectively determining the optimal timing of birth. The decision support tool will integrate a combination of foetal and maternal prognosticators, and can be implemented in electronic patient charts. Provided as freeware, centres that have implemented the tool will feed back pseudonymized patient data in order to continuously refine the model. Also, within FGR PODS, I will perform innovative analysis (including machine learning) of fetal heart rate signals and of serially measured biomarkers to pick up placental respiratory failure. These studies will further our understanding of the foetal pathophysiological mechanisms resulting from placental insufficiency and will potentially identify targets for therapeutic interventions.

Mots-clés : fetal growth restriction cardiotocography perinatal outcomes clinical decision support tool maternal biomarkers fetal heart monitoring syncytiotrophoblast machine learning deep learning
Projet ERC : STRUCTOMATIC (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Integrative B iology : from Genes and Genomes to S ystems
Entité participante : Université de Copenhague — Pays : Danemark — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : KU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999428.75 €

Mutational processes that generate structural variants (SV) in human and other genomes are understudied and merit attention, and similarly so for the functional impact of the SVs on gene function and regulation. SVs may explain some of the missing heritability in population studies, they may provide candidate pathogenic variants in pedigree studies of hereditary diseases, as well as constitute yet-undiscovered driver events that were anticipated from cancer genomics. Reasons why the SV mutational processes and SV functional impact are understudied are both of a technical and a conceptual nature; both aspects will be addressed in the STRUCTOMATIC project. We will study structural variation in human somatic cells by combining diverse computational and experimental approaches, drawing on a genomic resource of hundreds of tumors and healthy tissues sequenced using long-read WGS that we will generate. We will further perform mutation accumulation and directed evolution experiments using cell line models of chromosomal instability, generating further genomic data that will support observational analyses of tumor genomes. The project aims are: thoroughly cataloguing the diversity of SVs in multiple somatic cell types including those not detectable by short-read WGS, elucidating the underlying mutational mechanisms that generate SVs, their heterogeneity across the human chromosomes as well as their variation between individuals, and developing rigorous statistical methodologies for identifying positive and negative selection on SVs in human somatic cells. Characterizing the landscape of somatic SVs is crucial for a more complete understanding of the genetic basis of carcinogenesis and of the variable cancer risk across tissues and individuals, and may also provide evidence for hypothesized roles of somatic genetic variation in aging-related pathologies more generally.

Mots-clés : structural variation,indels,mutational processes,long read genome sequencing,genetic variant interpretation,tumor evolution,dna replication and repair
Projet ERC : LAYERS (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Human Mobility, Environment, and Space
Entité participante : Université de Copenhague — Pays : Danemark — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : KU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2000000.0 €

Health inequality is a major societal challenge, and evidence suggests that health inequality is established in childhood and may even transcend generations. Childhood is a sensitive period with rapid growth and development, and adversity during this period may have long-lasting health effects. More importantly, multiple forms of adversity intersect with each other, and disadvantaged children are often exposed to adversity across multiple biological, health, social, neighbourhood and environmental layers, but the childhood adversity literature has almost exclusively focused on social adversity. This is a major gap in our understanding, and empirical data which transcends multitude layers of adversity and follows individuals over entire life courses or across generations is lacking. With LAYERS, I am in a unique position to meet this challenge by creating a unified data infrastructure for life course analyses of multiple layers of childhood adversity in 2M people over three generations combined with an interdisciplinary fusion of methods from data science, epidemiology, econometrics, and systems science within a newly developed complex systems framework. This innovative combination of data and methods will allow for a systematic generation of knowledge on the patterns of health inequality that emerge in early life and transcend generations, the mechanisms which generate these patterns, and the dynamics that make them change over time. To translate these insights into actionable public health, LAYERS will establish a real-world policy data lab which integrates evidence from nationwide policies and simulations. Combined, these interconnected elements will redirect the next frontier in health inequality research towards the multiple layers of adversity which generate inequality over the life course and across generations. Ultimately, this will help us break vicious circles of adversity by identifying children and families who would benefit from targeted support.

Mots-clés : health inequality childhood adversity trangenerational health high dimensional data complex systems theory data science natural policy experiments
Projet ERC : scAIence (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Soci al World and Its Interactions
Entité participante : Université de Copenhague — Pays : Danemark — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : KU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999591.0 €

The recent The recent public release of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that can master natural language has sparked a debate about the capabilities of AI and whether it can produce scientific content. Despite the ongoing debate, AI-generated written content has already entered the world of science: Papers co-written by AI are published, companies release models to assist scientists with producing scientific content, and a large fraction of scientists use AI-based tools to augment their writing. We will thus inevitably have AI-infused science in our future. The goal of scAIence is to quantify whether, how, and with which implications generative AI is changing how scientists write, communicate, perceive, and diffuse science, and to rigorously explore the opportunities, dangers, and implications of scientists augmenting their science with AI. The key hypothesis of scAIence is that current AI lacks the ability to combine knowledge entities (e.g. references) in the same manner as humans and is unable to replicate the social information (e.g. homophily or recency) present in human scientific output. Testing the implications of this hypothesis is crucial since the scientific enterprise relies heavily on social information present in scientific output data for a wide range of purposes, e.g. metrics definition, information retrieval, and predictions. The scAIence project will deploy a novel computational social science approach, based on a wide array of quantitative disciplines, leveraging large- scale databases of human-generated information and controlled experiments. scAIence will break new ground by (i) introducing the quantitative methods required to understand AI-infused science, (ii) redefining metrics and models to account for AI-generated content in science, and (iii) delivering quantitative scientific insights into how AI is changing the diffusion of science. Taken together, scAIence will lay the scientific foundation for the quantitative study of AI-infused science.

Mots-clés : science of science,computational social science,social data science,network science,complex networks,complex systems,scientometrics,metascience,research of research,social influence
Projet ERC : INNER_LEAGUE (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Study of the Human Past
Entité participante : Université de Copenhague — Pays : Danemark — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : KU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2000000.0 €

INNER_LEAGUE provides the first, comprehensive social-bureaucratic history of the League of Nations Secretariat. The project will investigate the inner life of the secretariat to a) understand how it shaped the professional lives of the ca. 4000 people that worked there. And b) how this global workplace shaped the lasting bureaucratic infrastructures of multilateralism it serviced. The project posits that it was the personal, social, and professional relationships in this bureaucracy that created what later has been reinterpreted as an anonymous machinery in the background of grand politics. Today international public administrations are so pervasive that the innovation of its emergence is mostly forgotten. To deliver on its undertaking, the project implements an approach combining social, institutional, and digital history across three work packages: i) Communities, ii) Hierarchies, and iii) Infrastructures. To operationalize its approach, INNER_LEAGUE has several concrete objectives: 1) To systematically uncover and analyse the emergence, endurance, change and impact of professional, educational, epistemic, social, and emotional communities within the League Secretariat. 2) To examine the often-contested formation of hierarchies within the League Secretariat via state-of-the-art digital approaches. 3) To investigate how processes of community building and hierarchization impacted upon the professional lives of the staff of the League Secretariat. 4) To study and explain how, and under what material circumstances, these hierarchized communities of officials and staff built, maintained, operated, and passed on new infrastructures of multilateralism. INNER_LEAGUE thus provides a completely new history of why – while the League was first disgraced by its inability to prevent WWII and then slipped into obscurity among diplomats and politicians alike – its bureaucratized multilateralism became a foundational hallmark of 20th and 21st century international politics.

Mots-clés : international organizations,league of nations secretariat,international bureaucracy,social history,prosopography,digital history,institutional history,multilateral diplomacy,
Projet ERC : EDUCHANGE (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Soci al World and Its Interactions
Entité participante : Elte kozgazdasag- es regionalis tudomanyi kutatokozpont — Pays : Hongrie — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : ELTE KRTK
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 70931.0 €

EDUCHANGE aims to become one of the first ever projects to conduct simultaneous field experiments in four strategically selected countries (Denmark, Germany, Hungary, Iceland) with the goal to reduce inequality at the educational transition from compulsory to secondary education and at the transition to higher education. While experimental intervention studies have become more common in sociology and economics in recent years, EDUCHANGE will address five critical limitations in this literature: 1) No information or career guidance experiment with the goal to reduce inequality at educational transitions has ever been implemented in different countries with a harmonized design. This is puzzling given the importance of institutional context for the generation of inequalities in education 2) The majority of experiments focus on the transition to higher education while neglecting earlier transitions which are particularly relevant in tracked European education systems 3) Previous experiments have hardly considered the role and knowledge of professional counsellors 4) Previous interventions have mainly focused on updating students’ biased perceptions of costs and returns while neglecting other psychological and social barriers 5) Advances in multimedia technologies have only to a limited extent been integrated in previous experiments.  Key outcomes of EDUCHANGE will include: (a) A more nuanced conceptual understanding of how career guidance and information provision can help to reduce inequalities (b) A comparative study of students’ subjective evaluation of costs, returns and probabilities of success and psychological barriers they attach to different educational alternatives in a comparative perspective (c) Knowledge about to what degree institutional context has an impact on whether information provision and career guidance can reduce inequality at two key educational transitions – and potentially affect persistence at the next level.

Mots-clés : social inequality in education,field experiments,educational transitions,comparative research
Projet ERC : WomatWork (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Study of the Human Past
Entité participante : Université Paris 1 - Panthéon Sorbonne — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : Paris 1
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 131250.0 €

WomAtWork represents the first comparative investigation into the history of female urban popular professions in three African countries – Ghana/Gold Coast, Sudan, and Tanganyika/Tanzania – over the course of fifty years (1919-1970). Not only is this topic under-studied in African history, but these professions (i.e. midwives, beauticians, wedding singers, market vendors, craftswomen) are also characterised by fascinating and unsettling aspects. For example, notions such as a set price for a service and fixed working times or workplace did not apply to many of them. WomAtWork aims first to discover the peculiarities of these labour patterns and see their historical transformations as a result of political changes and the introduction of new technologies and commodities. Secondly, it examines professional subjectivities, the work ethos, norms and values of women at work. Finally, it questions the relationship between these professionals and their communities – including in the light of the social stigma sometimes attached to them – as well as the nexus between these labourers and protest, charting when and why they laid down their tools. Based on an innovative methodology, this project seeks to overcome the invisibility of women in official archives by weaving together different threads of sources. It begins inside those photographic archives connected with institutions that had conscious agendas of representation and routines of intense textual production (for example, missionary stations). In some cases, these visual and textual sources lead to networks or families of women professionals, whose oral history will be solicited. Third, the project aims to analyse the vernacular press combined with oral accounts.  Through these objectives and methodologies, WomAtWork will be a participant in the mission of writing a more democratic, more inclusive history, one that firmly establish the centrality of women’s labour in African his

Mots-clés : history of women in africa socio history of professional categories history of the popular classes ghana sudan tanzania gender studies photographic history oral history history of the vernacular press
Projet ERC : StimulART (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : Université de Graz — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999271.0 €

Thermosets are an intriguing class of polymeric materials characterized by high durability and excellent thermal stability, indispensable in many industrial sectors such as construction, transportation and aviation. However, due to precisely these sought-after characteristics, they are typically not recycled, contributing to raising environmental concerns. Moreover, thermosets are typically manufactured from unsustainable, petrol-derived Bisphenol-A. StimulART will tackle the two key scientific challenges that need to be addressed in order to achieve sustainability in thermosets and to integrate this material class into the Circular Economy: a.) Enabling efficient low-temperature recycling through judicious structural and molecular design b.) Achieving meaningful use of renewable resources by embracing their innate structure and reactivity. This highly interdisciplinary StimulART cuts across scientific boundaries ranging from the chemistry of renewables and sustainable biorefining, organic & green chemistry and catalysis, separation science, materials synthesis and characterization in order to develop fundamental molecular and sustainable biorefinery concepts. Thereby, it will allow access to well-defined, structurally modular, stimuli responsive bisphenols directly from lignocellulosic biomass for creating recyclable, high-performance polybenzoxazine and epoxy thermosets, enabling closed loop recycling strategies in thermosets. The main objectives are: i) a wide variety of new stimuli-responsive bisphenols obtained directly from lignocellulosic biomass, through innovative protection group- or biomass orthogonal click chemistry, ii) semi-continuous flow-setups with integrated bisphenol separation via crystallization/precipitation and catch-and-release iii) the development of recyclable, bio-based epoxy- and benzoxazine thermosets and novel catalytic strategies to enhance their end-of-life processing StimulART matches Horizon Europe strategies like the Green Deal.

Mots-clés : green chemistry lignin biorefining renewables sustainability recycling
Projet ERC : RITUAL DETERRENCE (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Université de Copenhague — Pays : Danemark — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : KU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1949291.0 €

Deterrence is the strategy of dissuading an opponent from taking an unwanted action for its prospective costs would outweigh the anticipated benefits either by the threat of effective defence or that of retaliation. The role of ritual in making deterrence effective, affectively charged and credible in the eyes of its practitioners has remained below the radar of the existing research. RITUAL DETERRENCE is the first project to pursue a ritual-centred investigation of deterrence in order to advance the understanding of the political and psychological functions of this newly foregrounded practice in international security and memory politics. Theoretically, the project breaks new ground in fostering the understanding of ritual action in international relations, the symbolic logic of which remains neglected compared to the logics of consequences, appropriateness, practice, and habit in the study of world politics. Empirically, it addresses the imperative for systematic cross-cultural and cross-domain research on deterrence as a multi-modal social practice. In delivering a new description of the practice of deterrence and an overhaul of the theory of deterrence, the project offers a comprehensive rethinking of the performance, credibility and the presumed effect of deterrence. The project will provide an innovative ritual theory of deterrence in the contexts of international security and memory politics on the example of a vital historical (NATO-Warsaw Pact) and different contemporary cases (NATO-Russia, USA-Russia, USA-China; memory laws in Eastern Europe). The study combines discourse and practice analysis with expert interviews, participant observation of military exercises and wargaming, encompassing both direct and extended deterrence along traditional and emerging domains of deterrence. Tracing and historicising the interaction ritual chains of deterrence will generate crucial knowledge about how deterrence performances enact and legitimise political communities.

Mots-clés : deterrence,ritual action,symbolic logic,performativity,identity construction,social theory,nato,united states of america,russia,china,extended deterrence,nuclear deterrence,conventional deterrence,cyber deterrence,hybrid deterrence,memory laws,eastern europe