Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : GULAGECHOES (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : University of Helsinki — Pays : Finlande — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UH
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2494685.0 €

The project will examine the impact of the system of penality developed in the Soviet gulag on the ethnic identification and political radicalisation of prisoners in the Soviet Union and the communist successor states of Europe today. It is informed by the proposition that prisons are sites of ethnic identity construction but that the processes involved vary within and between states. In the project, the focus is on the extent to which particular "prison-styles" affect the social relationships, self-identification and political association of ethnic minority prisoners. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the communist successor states all set about reforming their prison systems to bring them into line with international and European norms. However, all to a lesser or greater extent still have legacies of the system gestated in the Soviet Gulag and exported to East-Central-Europe after WWII. These may include the internal organisation of penal space, a collectivist approach to prisoner management, penal labour and, as in Russian case, a geographical distribution of the penal estate that results in prisoners being sent excessively long distances to serve their sentences. It is the how these legacies, interacting with other forces (including official and popular discourses, formal policy and individual life-histories) transform, confirm, and suppress the ethnic identification of prisoners that the project seeks to excavate. It will use a mixed method approach to answer research questions, including interviews with ex-prisoners and prisoners' families, the use of archival and documentary sources and social media. The research will use case studies to analyze the experiences of ethnic minority prisoners over time and through space. These provisionally will be Chechens, Tartars, Ukrainians, Estonians, migrant Uzbek and Tadjik workers and Roma and the country case studies are the Russian Federation, Georgia and Romania.

Mots-clés : ethnicity in the russian penal system,gulag legacies in communist successor state prisons,geographical and historical aspects of russian penality,ethnic minority prisoners in russia
Projet ERC : fastNMR (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Proof of concept grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : University of Edinburgh — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 147076.0 €

The project will involve further design and development of our methodology, developed under the ERC Advanced grant 'arylator', for variable ratio in situ stopped flow NMR. The methodology has recently been published and its power amply demonstrated in the deconvolution of the mechanism for CF3 transfer from Ruppert's reagent to electrophiles. The equipment that will developed and demonstrated under tenure of a proof of concept grant will reduce the dead time from 0.2 seconds to a matter of milliseconds whilst retaining the flexibility of our current system. Thus a standard walk-up NMR spectrometer can thus be used ad hoc for the analysis of very fast homogeneous reactions. This will be transformative for the mechanistic analysis of reactions, including catalysed and enzymatic processes, and will significantly enhance the commercial potential of the stopped flow NMR system.

Mots-clés : stopped flow,synthesis,mechanism,catalysis
Projet ERC : NONUNE (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth system science
Entité participante : University of Leeds — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 0.0 €

The project will use a set of innovative techniques to study the two major events that precede classical, uniformitarian geology. We will search for crystallised remnants of the primordial terrestrial magma ocean and examine the consequences of our observations for mantle dynamics. Crystallisation of the dominant lower mantle phase, bridgmanite, imparts a Mg and Si isotopic fingerprint to cumulates and evolving liquid of the magma ocean. Identifying the relicts of these small but distinctive fractionations requires application of our bespoke, high precision analytical protocols. As an integral part of this work, we will undertake coupled first principles calculations and petrological experiments to provide a benchmark documentation of the isotopic fractionations experienced by these two most abundant cation-forming elements in the silicate Earth. We will also date the global onset of plate tectonics from complementary geochemical signatures in two little-studied detrital minerals; Pb enrichment in continental K-feldspars and Mo depletion in rutiles from exhumed fragments of subducted crust. This work uses ground-breaking methodologies made possible by our unique, tribrid (mass-filter:collision-cell:multicollector) mass-spectrometer, Proteus. We will further develop this technology in collaboration with Thermo Fisher to produce a yet more capable next generation instrument. Our tribrid mass-spectrometer allows us to date single, detrital K-feldspars by laser ablation, using Rb-Sr internal isochrons constructed with analyses of host feldspar and sodic perthite exsolutions. Coupled with in situ Pb isotope analysis, we can calculate the U/Pb of the feldspar’s crustal protolith, which diagnostically tracks contributions from subduction.

Mots-clés : isotopic fractionation,mantle convection,magma ocean,continental growth
Projet ERC : ElectroThermo (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : Technical University of Denmark — Pays : Danemark — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : DTU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2500000.0 €

The project’s overall target is to arrive at a fundamental understanding of electrolyte thermodynamics and thus enable the engineering of a new generation of useful, physically sound models for electrolyte solutions. These models should be general and applicable to a very wide range of conditions so that they can be potentially used for a wide range of applications. Electrolyte solutions are present almost anywhere and find numerous applications in physical sciences including chemistry, geology, material science, medicine, biochemistry and physiology as well as in many engineering fields especially chemical & biochemical, electrical and petroleum engineering. In all these applications the thermodynamics plays a crucial role over wide ranges of temperature, pressure and composition. As the subject is important, a relatively large body of knowledge has been accumulated with lots of data and models. However, disappointingly the state-of-the art thermodynamic models used today in engineering practice are semi-empirical and require numerous experimental data. They lack generality and have not enhanced our understanding of electrolyte thermodynamics. Going beyond the current state of the art, we will create the scientific foundation for studying, at their extremes, both “primitive” and “non-primitive” approaches for electrolyte solutions and identify strengths and limitations. The project is based on the PI’s many years of experience in thermodynamics. The ambition is to make new advances to clarify major questions and misunderstandings in electrolyte thermodynamics, some remaining for over 100 years, which currently prevent real progress from being made, and create a new paradigm which will ultimately pave the way for the development of new engineering models for electrolyte solutions. This is a risky, ambitious and crucial task, but a successful completion will have significant benefits in many industrial sectors as well as in environmental studies and biotechnology.

Mots-clés : electrolytes,equations of state
Projet ERC : ACAP (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : University of Limerick — Pays : Irlande — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UL
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 149977.0 €

The proliferation of mobile and ubiquitous computing technology is radically changing the ways in which we live our lives: from interacting with friends & family, to how we produce & consume services and engage in business. However, this pervasiveness of technologies, and their increasingly seamless integration and inter-operation, are blurring the boundaries between systems. This poses significant challenges for security engineers who aim to design systems that monitor and control the movement of digital or physical assets across those boundaries. My ERC Advanced Grant on Adaptive Security and Privacy (ASAP) is investigating ways in which security controls can change in response to changes in the context of operation of systems. However, since the monitoring of such elusive and changing boundaries is difficult, we have developed an adaptive security approach that monitors valuable assets that are managed by a system, and changes the means and extent by which those assets are protected in response to changes in assets and their values. This could radically change the way security is designed and implemented in a range of applications because it allows for a choice of appropriate protection, depending on particular requirements. In ASAP, we developed the modelling and computational capabilities of our approach, including some prototype tool fragments that demonstrate the approach in our lab. However, interest from our industrial collaborators, evidenced by direct funding of follow-on research, and the demonstration of our prototypes to senior management and potential customers, has motivated us to pursue a proof of concept (PoC) assessment of our work in a more systematic and targeted way. To this end, this ERC PoC will: 1) Develop a robust prototype demonstrator, instantiated in two application areas (access control & cloud computing); 2) Conduct a market analysis, aided by the demonstrator; 3) Subject to (2), develop a commercialisation strategy and plan

Mots-clés : software,requirements engineering,adaptive systems,security engineering,automated software tools
Projet ERC : uPROPHET (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : KU Leuven — Pays : Belgique — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : KUL
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 147500.0 €

The proof of concept underlying uPROPHET rests on the EPLORE findings that capillary electrophoresis coupled with high-resolution mass-spectroscopy reproducibly identified unique urinary proteomic (UP) signatures associated with subclinical left ventricular dysfunction, renal impairment and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Consensus criteria currently applied for the selection of patients for heart transplantation (HTx) leave an inconvenient margin of uncertainty, because of the unpredictable course of the disease and the shortage of donor hearts. Furthermore, monitoring graft function and adjusting immunosuppression remain major challenges after HTx. Endomyocardial biopsies, up to 20 in the first year after HTx, are the standard approach to detect graft rejection, but require an invasive risk-carrying procedure. uPROPHET aims to develop UP profiling: (1) as a prognostic tool helpful in selecting terminally ill heart failure patients for HTx with the greatest probability of survival while adding a maximum of high-quality years to life; and (2) as an instrument to monitor graft performance and immune system activity and to manage immunosuppression. The new UP classifiers will be initially validated by demonstrating analogy between the proteomic profiles in urine and tissue samples of explanted hearts. uPROPHET will show case the translation of state-of-the-art technology into “innovative services”, broaden the indications for UP, and therefore have a major impact on the plans of the business partner measuring the UP profiles. The evident benefit for the customer (patient) is the early and non-invasive stratification of risk in heart failure patients before and after HTx, hence allowing an early, personalised, and targeted approach. Clinical implementation of uPROPHET findings will bring European research to the forefront of the highly competitive fields of biomarker research and personalised medicine and impact on transplantation medicine beyond HTx.

Mots-clés : heart failure,heart transplantation,urinary proteomics,graft rejection,selection of recipients
Projet ERC : OCLOC (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : University of Graz — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1540726.81 €

The proposal addresses some of the most pressing topics in optimal control of partial differential equations (PDEs): Non-smooth, non-convex optimal control and computational techniques for feedback control. These two topics will be applied to the large scale optimal control problems for the bidomain equations, which are the established model to describe the electrical activity of the heart. Due to their rich dynamical systems behavior these systems are particularly challenging. The use of non-smooth functionals is of great practical relevance in many diverse situations. They promote sparsity, and provide a perfect formulation for switching and multi-bang controls, and for the optimal actuator location problem. For inverse problems the case $L^{p}$ with $p\in (0,1)$ is of special statistical importance, and $L^0$ can be the basis of a new formulation for topology optimization problems. But lack of Lipschitz continuity and of convexity are significant obstacles which can only be overcome by the development of new analytical and numerical concepts. The new algorithmic concepts will also be applicable to important non-smooth problems in continuum mechanics, as for instance the quasi-static evolution of fractures. Closed loop control is of paramount importance due to its {\bf robustness} against system perturbations. Nevertheless, numerical realization of optimal feedback strategies for nonlinear PDEs has barely been touched since the curse of dimensionality makes direct numerical treatment of the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation unfeasible. We shall therefore develop and analyze suboptimal strategies based on model reduction and interpolation techniques, and on model-predictive control. The availability of boundary and near-to-the boundary measurements together with dynamic observer techniques will allow to test the proposed methods to obtain suboptimal feedback controls for the bidomain equations.
Projet ERC : OCLOC (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : Austrian Academy of Sciences — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : OAW
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 137598.2 €

The proposal addresses some of the most pressing topics in optimal control of partial differential equations (PDEs): Non-smooth, non-convex optimal control and computational techniques for feedback control. These two topics will be applied to the large scale optimal control problems for the bidomain equations, which are the established model to describe the electrical activity of the heart. Due to their rich dynamical systems behavior these systems are particularly challenging. The use of non-smooth functionals is of great practical relevance in many diverse situations. They promote sparsity, and provide a perfect formulation for switching and multi-bang controls, and for the optimal actuator location problem. For inverse problems the case $L^{p}$ with $p\in (0,1)$ is of special statistical importance, and $L^0$ can be the basis of a new formulation for topology optimization problems. But lack of Lipschitz continuity and of convexity are significant obstacles which can only be overcome by the development of new analytical and numerical concepts. The new algorithmic concepts will also be applicable to important non-smooth problems in continuum mechanics, as for instance the quasi-static evolution of fractures. Closed loop control is of paramount importance due to its {\bf robustness} against system perturbations. Nevertheless, numerical realization of optimal feedback strategies for nonlinear PDEs has barely been touched since the curse of dimensionality makes direct numerical treatment of the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation unfeasible. We shall therefore develop and analyze suboptimal strategies based on model reduction and interpolation techniques, and on model-predictive control. The availability of boundary and near-to-the boundary measurements together with dynamic observer techniques will allow to test the proposed methods to obtain suboptimal feedback controls for the bidomain equations.
Projet ERC : QSHvar (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : University of Helsinki — Pays : Finlande — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UH
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1312500.0 €

The proposal addresses various multiscale problems which lie at the intersection of probability theory and the analysis of partial differential equations and calculus of variations. Most of the proposed problems fit under the framework of stochastic homogenization, that is, the study of large-scale statistical properties of solutions to equations with random coefficients. In the last ten years, there has been significant progress made in developing a quantitative theory of stochastic homogenization, meaning that one can now go beyond limit theorems and prove rates of convergence and error estimates, and in some cases even characterize the fluctuations of the error. These new quantitative methods give us new tools to attack more difficult multi-scale problems that have until now resisted previous approaches, and consequently to solve open problems in the field. Many of the actual goals of the proposal come from problems in calculus of variations. Apart from qualitative results, many fundamental questions in quantitative theory are completely open, and our recent results suggest a way to tackle these problems. The first one is to prove regularity properties of homogenized Lagrangian under rather general assumptions on functionals, and to solve a counterpart for Hilbert's 19th problem in the context of homogenization. The second project is to attack so-called Faber-Krahn inequality in the heterogeneous case. This is a very involved problem, but again recent development in the theory of homogenization makes the attempt plausible. The final part of the proposal involves new mathematical approaches and subsequent computational research supporting the geothermal power plant project being built by St1 Deep Heat Ltd in Espoo, Finland.
Projet ERC : REGothicVaultElements (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : TU Dresden — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TUD
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 149250.0 €

The proposal aims to transfer the results of the scientific research on design procedures of Late Gothic vaults into the practice of restoration of the architectural heritage. These structures are extremely complex in their geometry, with complicated meshes of ribs soaring along three-dimensional curves and intersecting on multiple levels at the keystones. About the principles of their geometric design and the way of how the instructions for producing their single stone elements were formulated, a deeper understanding has been gained in the current research. However, at present this knowledge is not available in the restoration practice. Hence, in case of retrofit or the necessity of reproducing damaged stone elements, there is the risk of altering the peculiar geometric features and distorting the character of these unique masterpieces of historic architecture. A practical implementation of the scientific results, with the potential of significantly improving the quality of maintenance and restoration, can be achieved by defining practical working procedures that reproduce the original design principles, by documenting these procedures and by creating a demonstrator. For the development of these proposed working procedures, their testing and their dissemination among apprentices and specialized stone-masons, a collaboration with the Workshops or Fabrics of several major Cathedrals will be established, which are the institutions engaged in the conservation of Late Mediaeval and Early Modern stone constructions and in keeping alive the historical technical knowledge of stone masonry.

Mots-clés : cultural heritage,architectural monuments,restoration,late gothic,vaults,stone masonry,historical craftsmanship,construction history,architectural history,complex shape in architecture
Projet ERC : Autonomous CLL-BCRs (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy
Entité participante : University of Ulm — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2256250.0 €

The proposed project aims at investigating the molecular mechanisms that activate B cell antigen receptor (BCR) signalling in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). While it is widely accepted that the unbroken BCR expression in CLL cells is indicative for a key role in disease development, the mechanisms that induce BCR activation and survival of malignant cells are still elusive. Using a unique reconstitution system, we have recently shown that CLL-derived BCRs possess the exceptional capacity for cell-autonomous signalling independent of external antigen. Crystallographic analyses confirmed our model that CLL-BCRs bind to intrinsic motifs in nearby BCRs on the very same cell. In addition to the BCR, several pathogenic factors influence the biological behaviour of CLL cells, but the functional hierarchy and the effect on BCR signalling are insufficiently understood. Here, we aim at investigating the structural cause of autonomous signalling as well as the characterization of important signalling pathways and their mechanistic action in CLL pathogenesis. By combining crystallography with the measurement of autonomous signalling of wild type and mutated receptors in our unique reconstitution system, we will generate a structure-function relationship for CLL-BCRs. By generating new animal models and by employing classical as well as cutting-edge approaches of biochemistry and molecular/cellular immunology, we will comprehensively characterize the signalling pathways that are activated by autonomous signalling and might be important for CLL pathogenesis. These systematic efforts are necessary to understand how various biological mechanisms operate and ultimately activate downstream pathways that result in a lymphoproliferative disease. In addition, a cohesive model of CLL pathogenesis, which elucidates the hierarchical order of pathogenic factors and their interaction with BCR signalling, may well lead to novel disease-specific preventive or therapeutic intervention.

Mots-clés : chronic lymphocytic leukaemia,b cell antigen receptor,haematology,oncology