Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : SYNAG (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering
Entité participante : Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences — Pays : Suède — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : SLU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 992622.0 €

Syntrophic microorganisms perform unique and crucial tasks in microbial processes used for sustainable energy (methane) and nutrient recovery from various organic waste streams. These syntrophic microorganisms cooperate to metabolically degrade acids but there are barriers and challenges to these organisms reaching their full potential, which restricts productivity and stability in the biomethane process. The cooperative lifestyle and cultivation of syntrophic microorganisms strongly points towards linkage between syntrophic cell aggregation (SYNAG) and acid-degrading activities that open up opportunities for biotechnology strategies. In this project, I will provide fundamental understanding of environmental, microbial, and physical effects on cell aggregating activities in syntrophic communities. To do so, I will take advantage of a unique collection of syntrophic cultures obtained through extensive research. Firstly, I will unravel mechanisms used for aggregation by comparing the transcriptional profiles of syntrophic cultures and develop molecular analyses to quantify aggregating activities. The second part of the project will focus on development of a cultivation system and in-situ detection that will maintain the complex syntrophic interactions intact. These methods will be combined for parallel analyses of cell aggregation in syntrophic communities and their responses in to a wide spectrum of factors with relevance to anaerobic processes. Aggregating activities will further be linked to effects on acid degradation rates and resistance of the microbial community towards stress. In the final part of the project, factors that enhance aggregating activities will be assessed in systems that mimic the real situation in anaerobic systems. SYNAG will thus provide fundamental understanding of syntrophic ecology and physiology that will be highly valuable in anaerobic techniques that has great expansion potential in future work of building biomass based platforms.

Mots-clés : biomethane  biogas  production,syntrophic microorganisms,acid degradation,cell aggregation,biotechnology strategies
Projet ERC : TAMING CORROSION (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology — Pays : Suisse — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ETH Zurich
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1497815.0 €

TAMING CORROSION proposes a radically new approach to the long-standing challenge of mitigating corrosion of infrastructures – such as bridges, pipelines, etc. The socio-economic burden of replacing and repairing infrastructures due to corrosion is staggering. In the EU alone, estimates are in the range of 250 billion € annually, with an expected steep increase over the coming decades. This urgently calls for new, cost-effective corrosion mitigation strategies to prolong the useful life of ageing civil infrastructures. Electrochemical corrosion protection (ECP) methods have a large potential to play a key role in addressing this challenge. However, to match these expectations, game-changing advances are needed in both science and engineering. Limited routine use and poor engineering practice of ECP can be traced to insufficient theoretical grounds and a lack of fundamental quantification of key processes. The aim of this proposal is to develop the scientific basis to deliver the first scientifically anchored engineering model and to unlock the potential of ECP as an innovative solution to the grand challenge of rapidly deteriorating infrastructures. The focus areas include: 1) for the first time integrating all relevant physical, chemical, and electrochemical processes into a quantitative model framework for the systematic study of fundamental processes and evaluation of solution strategies. An important novelty lies in combining reactive transport modeling in porous media with rigorous corrosion science. 2) Elucidating the poorly understood role of microbiology in corrosion; and 3) Devising new experiments that link corrosion science and electrochemistry with environmental science methods. Only by delivering ground-breaking scientific contributions will it be possible to abandon empiricism in the field and pave the way towards a new, scientifically sound generation of ECP technology to ensure safety, cost-efficiency, and sustainability of our infrastructures.

Mots-clés : corrosion,infrastructure ageing,reinforced concrete structures,bridges,tunnels,buildings,pipelines,sewer systems,porous media
Projet ERC : TB-EPF (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : Université Catholique de Louvain — Pays : Belgique — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UCL
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2321.25 €

TB is transmitted via person-to-person aerosols. Recent studies suggests that in TB endemic areas up to 70% of transmission events take place outside the household in public places. Moreover, TB transmission is unequally spatially distributed and occurs in transmission hotspot areas. Mathematical models consequently demonstrated that identifying hotspots and blocking within-hotspot-transmission through targeted public health interventions will be the most efficient way of lowering the TB burden. In the present PoC proposal we aim to complement the population-based Enhanced-Case-Finding intervention tested in the INTERRUPTB study, with a spatially more targeted “Enhanced-Place-Finding” (EPF) approach to identify transmission hotspots in an unbiased fashion. Using traditional methods to find transmission hotspots can only be done retrospectively after years of data collection. Therefore we propose a novel EPF strategy to detect transmission hotspots in real-time using phone-tracking technology to establish a spatial map of aggregated TB patients movements. Within the ERC-funded INTERRUPTB study in The Gambia, we sequenced 2000 mycobacterial isolates, which allows us to establish a bacterial genetic transmission network. Within the PoC proposal, we seek to reconsent these patients to analyze their everyday movements using classical contact investigation complemented by phone tracking, to determine which public places have an increased risk of TB transmission. We aim to demonstrate that phone tracking of TB patients can be a cheap, easy, and, most importantly, prospective TB transmission hotspots identification tool, no longer requiring molecular epidemiological investigations. Such a finding can ultimately be developed into an app that warns national TB programs of early TB outbreaks, so that early public health measures like increased ventilation and active case finding can be initiated. This approach can furthermore be applied to other infectious diseases.

Mots-clés : tuberculosis transmission hotspots case finding phone tracking
Projet ERC : TB-EPF (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : Dalberg data insights — Pays : Belgique — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Organismes privés (hors enseignement)
Financement ERC de l'entité : 46277.5 €

TB is transmitted via person-to-person aerosols. Recent studies suggests that in TB endemic areas up to 70% of transmission events take place outside the household in public places. Moreover, TB transmission is unequally spatially distributed and occurs in transmission hotspot areas. Mathematical models consequently demonstrated that identifying hotspots and blocking within-hotspot-transmission through targeted public health interventions will be the most efficient way of lowering the TB burden. In the present PoC proposal we aim to complement the population-based Enhanced-Case-Finding intervention tested in the INTERRUPTB study, with a spatially more targeted “Enhanced-Place-Finding” (EPF) approach to identify transmission hotspots in an unbiased fashion. Using traditional methods to find transmission hotspots can only be done retrospectively after years of data collection. Therefore we propose a novel EPF strategy to detect transmission hotspots in real-time using phone-tracking technology to establish a spatial map of aggregated TB patients movements. Within the ERC-funded INTERRUPTB study in The Gambia, we sequenced 2000 mycobacterial isolates, which allows us to establish a bacterial genetic transmission network. Within the PoC proposal, we seek to reconsent these patients to analyze their everyday movements using classical contact investigation complemented by phone tracking, to determine which public places have an increased risk of TB transmission. We aim to demonstrate that phone tracking of TB patients can be a cheap, easy, and, most importantly, prospective TB transmission hotspots identification tool, no longer requiring molecular epidemiological investigations. Such a finding can ultimately be developed into an app that warns national TB programs of early TB outbreaks, so that early public health measures like increased ventilation and active case finding can be initiated. This approach can furthermore be applied to other infectious diseases.

Mots-clés : tuberculosis transmission hotspots case finding phone tracking
Projet ERC : TEXTEVOLVE (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : KU Leuven — Pays : Belgique — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : KUL
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1401797.87 €

TEXTEVOLVE will study the Targums. Targums are Jewish Aramaic paraphrases of the Hebrew Bible. They are important because they provide a unique insight into what Jews believed God was saying to them through their sacred texts at transformative moments in Jewish history, particularly the aftermath of the First Jewish-Roman War (66–74 CE). The state of the art in the study of the Targums is defined by 1) methodology, and 2) the primary sources that are available. TEXTEVOLVE will go beyond the state of the art in both areas. Methodology — We do not possess the author’s original copy of any Targum. Rather, in most cases we have multiple copies preserved in much later manuscripts, all of which differ one from another. Existing methodology aims to reconstruct the earliest possible form of the text. But changes made by later copyists also yield important insights into evolving Jewish culture, theology, and praxis. Therefore TEXTEVOLVE reframes the dominant research question in the field so that neither the importance of the original wording nor the significance of subsequent changes is neglected. It asks: How did the text of the Targums evolve over time and why? TEXTEVOLVE will develop a new methodology, called Evolutionary Philology, that is capable of addressing this core question. It will use techniques from evolutionary biology that have not previously been applied to texts to achieve this. This will have implications across disciplines that work with historical texts. Primary Sources — To ensure the most robust possible dataset, TEXTEVOLVE will expand the pool of primary sources available for analysis. TEXTEVOLVE will find Targum manuscripts that have been ‘lost’ in un-catalogued or poorly catalogued collections, and will analyse for the first time recently discovered manuscripts from the ‘European Genizah’. Since the available primary sources define the boundaries of any discipline, this is the second major way in which TEXTEVOLVE goes beyond the state of the art.

Mots-clés : jewish studies,manuscript studies,targum,aramaic
Projet ERC : TEXTEVOLVE (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 296842.54 €

TEXTEVOLVE will study the Targums. Targums are Jewish Aramaic paraphrases of the Hebrew Bible. They are important because they provide a unique insight into what Jews believed God was saying to them through their sacred texts at transformative moments in Jewish history, particularly the aftermath of the First Jewish-Roman War (66–74 CE). The state of the art in the study of the Targums is defined by 1) methodology, and 2) the primary sources that are available. TEXTEVOLVE will go beyond the state of the art in both areas. Methodology — We do not possess the author’s original copy of any Targum. Rather, in most cases we have multiple copies preserved in much later manuscripts, all of which differ one from another. Existing methodology aims to reconstruct the earliest possible form of the text. But changes made by later copyists also yield important insights into evolving Jewish culture, theology, and praxis. Therefore TEXTEVOLVE reframes the dominant research question in the field so that neither the importance of the original wording nor the significance of subsequent changes is neglected. It asks: How did the text of the Targums evolve over time and why? TEXTEVOLVE will develop a new methodology, called Evolutionary Philology, that is capable of addressing this core question. It will use techniques from evolutionary biology that have not previously been applied to texts to achieve this. This will have implications across disciplines that work with historical texts. Primary Sources — To ensure the most robust possible dataset, TEXTEVOLVE will expand the pool of primary sources available for analysis. TEXTEVOLVE will find Targum manuscripts that have been ‘lost’ in un-catalogued or poorly catalogued collections, and will analyse for the first time recently discovered manuscripts from the ‘European Genizah’. Since the available primary sources define the boundaries of any discipline, this is the second major way in which TEXTEVOLVE goes beyond the state of the art.

Mots-clés : jewish studies,manuscript studies,targum,aramaic
Projet ERC : TOPSPIN (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Condensed matter physics
Entité participante : University of Gothenburg — Pays : Suède — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2500000.0 €

TOPSPIN will focus on spin Hall nano-oscillators (SHNOs), which are nano-sized, ultra-tunable, and CMOS compatible spin wave based microwave oscillators. TOPSPIN will push the boundaries of SHNO lithography, frequency, speed, and power consumption by combining topological insulators, having record high spin Hall efficiencies, with materials having ultra-high spin wave frequencies. TOPSPIN will reduce the required current densities 1-2 orders of magnitude compared to state-of-the-art, making SHNO operating currents approach 1 uA, and increase the SHNO operating frequencies an order of magnitude to as high as 300 GHz. TOPSPIN will use mutually synchronized SHNOs to achieve orders of magnitude higher signal coherence and achieve novel functionality such as pattern matching and neuromorphic computing. TOPSPIN will demonstrate mutual synchronization of up to 1,000 SHNOs in chains, and as many as 1,000,000 SHNOs in very large-scale two-dimensional arrays. Using dipolar coupling between SHNOs fabricated on top of each other, three-dimensional mutual synchronization will also be demonstrated. As the signal coherence increases linearly with the number of mutually synchronized SHNOs the oscillator quality factor will improve by many orders of magnitude. TOPSPIN will also develop such arrays using magnetic tunnel junction stacks thus combining ultra-high coherence with the highest possible microwave output power. TOPSPIN will demonstrate ultrafast pattern matching and neuromorphic computing using its SHNO networks. It will functionalize SHNOs to exhibit ultra-fast individual voltage controlled tuning and non-volatile tuning of both the SHNO frequency and the inter-SHNO coupling. TOPSPIN will characterize its SHNOs using novel methods and techniques such as multichannel electrical measurements, time- and phase-resolved Brillouin Light Scattering microscopy, time-resolved Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy, and ultrafast pump-probe Transmission Electron Microscopy.

Mots-clés : microwave oscillators,oscillatory computing
Projet ERC : TRANSGANG (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : Pompeu Fabra University — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UPF
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2343249.0 €

TRANSGANG aims to develop a renewed model for the analysis of transnational youth gangs in the global age, in dialogue with two classics of urban ethnography, published nearly a century ago: The Gang, by F.M. Thrasher (1926) and The Polish Peasant in Europe and America, by W. I. Thomas and F. Znaniecki (1918-1920). To do this, the project will start by a systematic review of the historical literature on youth gangs, which will try to overcome the north-american-centrism, dominant in contemporary criminology. The central phase of the research will focus on a multisited and multilevel ethnography that will explore experiences in which gangs have acted as agents of mediation, as well as the barriers that have blocked these attempts. The project will compare street youth organizations from two transnational communities -Latinos and Arabs-, both in their homelands and in their new European neigbourhoods. Starting with three case studies of “good practices” in Barcelona, Medellin and Casablanca, which will be studied in depth, contrasts with other cases in which other policies have been implemented will be established: Madrid, Marseille and Milan in southern Europe; Oran Tunis and Cairo in north Africa; Chicago, Santiago de Cuba and San Salvador in the Americas. Using an experimental approach based on the “extended case method”, it will have as its theme the making of a film that collects the experience of members or former members of gangs who have participated in mediation experiences. The ultimate goal is to develop a renewed transnational, inter-generational, intergeneric and transmedia approach to Twenty-First-century gangs, very different from the local, coeval, male and face-to-face model used for understanding gangs in the Twentieth century. Although the focus of the project is theoretical, its purpose is applied: to deduce more effective ways of intervention to prevent the hegemony of the criminal gang model that appears as dominant in the neoliberal era.

Mots-clés : youth,gangs,transnationalism
Projet ERC : TRENSCRYBE (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental constituents of matter
Entité participante : Collège de France — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 42753.75 €

TRENSCRYBE proposes a groundbreaking concept for a quantum simulator (QS) of spin systems. QSs aim at an in-depth understanding of many-body physics, important for fundamental issues (quantum transport, phase transitions), but also for the development of engineered materials. A QS transcribes the system of interest into another with the same dynamics but with a fully controlled Hamitlonian parameter set. It provides a complete access to all the systems observables and allows the exploration of regimes, in which numerical simulations are difficult or impossible due to the huge size of the Hilbert space. QSs of spin systems are the focus of an intense activity, e.g. with trapped ions, superconducting devices, atoms in optical lattices or low-angular-momentum Rydberg atoms. I propose with TRENSCRYBE a disruptive QS using trapped circular Rydberg atoms. Their microwave spontaneous emission can be inhibited, extending their lifetime in the minute range. In contrast with ordinary Rydberg states, they can be trapped in optical lattices, allowing one to take full benefit from such exceptional lifetimes. I propose an innovative preparation method of ultra-cold defect-free chains with a few tens of atoms. The QS realizes a Nearest-Neighbor XXZ spin-1/2 Hamiltonian in a transverse field, the spin states being coded on circular levels. Its parameters are fully tunable by adjusting a static electric field and a microwave dressing applied on the atoms. I will first benchmark this QS by adiabatic evolutions through the phase diagram of a 1-D chain in a regime where numerical results are available. I will explore quenches through quantum phase transitions and the generation of defects in a regime where numerical or theoretical predictions are difficult. I will realize a first step towards 2-D arrays with spin ladders and explore their topological phases. The realization of TRENSCRYBE will open a whole realm of new possibilities for quantum simulation of spin systems.

Mots-clés : quantum simulator,ultracold rydberg atoms,spin chain
Projet ERC : iDODDLE (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : University of East Anglia — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UEA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 44614.45 €

Tackling climate change requires changes to daily life in mobility, food, homes and energy domains. Digitalisation is a major trend reshaping daily life across all these domains. The digitalisation of daily life and its impact on resource consumption and emissions has not been studied systematically. A Tackling climate change requires changes to daily life in mobility, food, homes and energy domains. Digitalisation is a major trend reshaping daily life across all these domains. The digitalisation of daily life and its impact on resource consumption and emissions has not been studied systematically. A new integrated science is needed on digitalised daily life and climate change. This new field should look across domains at generalisable mechanisms, enabling conditions and steering strategies so digitalisation helps not hinders climate action. The aim of the iDODDLE project is to develop a new thematic, cross-domain, inter-disciplinary science of digitalised daily life in support of action on climate change. iDODDLE's research activities are organised in three work packages on people (micro-level), system conditions (macro-level) and action (policy and practice), drawing on two major new cross-cutting sources of primary data collection - a sample of 80 living lab households, and a longitudinal online survey panel of 6,000 respondents in UK, Sweden and Spain. iDODDLE will: (1) understand the ways in which digitalised daily life impacts climate change, including substituting physical for digital, accessing services instead of owning goods, and integrating households into supply networks; (2) determine the conditions under which digitalised daily life has beneficial or adverse impacts on climate change, including access to infrastructure, trust and power, and technophile lifestyles; (3) develop an evidence-based programme of action for ensuring digitalised daily life helps tackle climate change, including quantitative systems analysis of energy and material flows.

Mots-clés : households,information and communication technologies  icts,energy and material flows,infrastructure,lifestyles