Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : MAU (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : University of London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : U. London
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1420833.75 €

This project will investigate how urban futures are made through different global circuits and in turn shape key transnational processes: geopolitics, development and private investment, through a close focus on the transnational actors and decision-making processes involved in large-scale developments and interventions in selected African cities. The research will produce: new theoretical perspectives on urban politics and policy-relevant understandings of state capacity and land value capture in urban development. The project brings to fruition the applicant’s agenda-setting post-colonial critique in urban studies (2006, Ordinary Cities, Routledge), practically worked through in her recent innovations in comparative urbanism (forthcoming, Comparative Urbanism, Sage). This research will bring forward original empirical findings and develop further the innovative comparative methods tested in a recent esrc funded project. It will contribute theorizations of the new territories of global urban politics, starting in African contexts. Engagements with residents, stakeholders, policy makers and practitioners will build understanding of how better urban outcomes might be secured. The project compares three transnational circuits and nine cases of urban development in three cities (Accra, Dar es Salaam, Lilongwe) where all three circuits have a strong presence, and which encompass a range of levels of urbanization and economic development. Focussing on transnationalised urban development processes and the widely spread phenomenon of large scale urban developments will provide a basis to work against the neglect and exceptionalism of African experiences within urban studies, an important motivation for this project. The research seeks to build African based research capacity in urban studies and includes African based collaborators and early career scholars in the research team.

Mots-clés : land value capture,urban development
Projet ERC : WIBARAB (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Complexity
Entité participante : Austrian Academy of Sciences — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : OAW
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 255140.0 €

This project will investigate the linguistic differences between originally nomadic and sedentary people, i.e. one of the key concepts in the history of the Arabic language and the grouping of its contemporary spoken varieties. While the dichotomy between Bedouins and sedentary communities is of crucial importance for the (social) history, economy, and linguistic identity of the Arabic speaking Middle East and North Africa, it is still insufficiently understood. WIBARAB aims to establish for the first time a robust set of linguistic phenomena that characterize the bedouin-sedentary split. To this end, it not only considers (1) phonological and morphological features as hitherto has been done, but also (2) typology, grammaticalization pathways, syntax, phraseology, and lexicon, and (3) the influence of intra-dialect contacts and historical migrations. WIBARAB will provide new data from three under-researched Arabic varieties and investigate linguistic attitudes towards bedouin-type dialects on the basis of five case-studies with different social and geographical settings. Its holistic approach challenges well-established views and methodically shows how diachronic linguistic data can provide proxy data for history and vice versa. WIBARAB also studies the impact of social settings, particularly tribal and patriarchal structures, as possible factors for the linguistic conservatism of contemporary bedouin-type Arabic. It includes recent findings in human genome analysis where appropriate and ethically acceptable, and makes ample use of the possibilities provided by digital humanities. WIBARAB adopts methods grounded in general linguistics, sociolinguistics, and historical interpretation to shed light on a phenomenon of fundamental importance in the history and the present of one of the world’s largest languages.

Mots-clés : arabic,spoken language,historical linguistics,language and dialect contact,dialectology,areal linguistics,language typology,nomadic communities
Projet ERC : MetCogCon (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Complexity
Entité participante : University of London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : U. London
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1352787.15 €

This project will investigate the thoughts and feelings that accompany the use of concepts. Concepts lie at the heart of the extraordinary power of the human mind. They are the building blocks of thought, the tools with which we think. Like physical tools, they can be more or less dependable, more or less fit for purpose: e.g. for most people GENE feels like a better concept than MEME. We have an intuitive sense of how dependable a concept is, which is crucial when we decide whether to rely on the concept. It can underpin our decision to reject some concepts (e.g. RACE) and embrace others in our theorising (e.g SPECIES). Similarly in everyday thinking: when concepts are selected for reasoning and induction, and when different cognitive processes compete for control of action, the metacognition that accompanies the concepts involved will have a powerful effect. However, metacognition directed at concepts is still poorly understood. We lack even a clear theoretical framework to underpin research in this area. That is unfortunate because developing an account of people’s metacognitive understanding of their concepts is likely to tell us important things about concepts and about cognitive control; and to solve some thorny philosophical problems. MetCogCon takes up that opportunity. The project will be the first systematic investigation of the scope of metacognition as it applies to concepts. We propose to combine the analytic methods developed by philosophers of mind and cognitive science with psychological model-building and experimental investigation. The insights gained in the project could have important implications for policies about how to reason in everyday and in scientific/philosophical contexts, by outlining when the cues and heuristics that underpin our decisions to embrace or reject particular concepts can and cannot be trusted. Most significantly, the project promises to increase our understanding of a fundamental aspect of the human mind.

Mots-clés : metacognition  philosophy of,concepts  philosophy of,philosophy of psychology and cognitive science,philosophy of cognitive neuroscience,concepts  psychology of
Projet ERC : TRANSPACIFIC (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : KU Leuven — Pays : Belgique — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : KUL
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2218622.0 €

This project will provide a radically new history of early modern trans-Pacific trade, by critically re-evaluating conventionally-used sources, examining hitherto neglected historical archives and records in a range of Asian and European languages, and analysing recent archaeological evidence using new methodologies and perspectives. An interdisciplinary team, comprising specialists in Chinese, Japanese, Latin American, Southeast Asian, economic, environmental, and medical history, maritime archaeology, and geographical sciences, will, for the first time, systematically investigate the roles of actors, objects, side-effects, and exchanges that were 'invisible' or marginal to conventional histories of the Manila Galleon trade (1565 to 1815). They will also examine informal trade routes and networks in this trans-Pacific trade connection, concentrating on the 16th to 18th centuries. To achieve this goal, this project will expand upon the structure and impacts of contraband, informal, accidental, and undesired exchanges of cargoes, people, knowledge, technologies, and diseases across the Pacific, to evaluate, first, the complexity, nature, and degree of the global interconnectivity of Asian and European sub-regional networks, and, second, to reassess both their positive and negative impacts on trans-Pacific trade generally, and on indigenous actors and societies in China, Japan, and the Viceroyalty of Peru specifically. Our aim is to replace the outdated image of the galleon trade as being a pure exchange of silks, ceramics, and spices for silver between Acapulco and Manila, and to create a novel and more comprehensive bottom-up narrative that places human-environment interaction at the core of analysis. TRANSPACIFIC will substantially transform the understanding of the trans-Pacific Manila Galleon trade and its impacts, and, in so doing, will open the way for the re-evaluation of other major trans-maritime networks.

Mots-clés : trans pacific trade,manila galleons,informal trade,smuggling,maritime archaeology,seafaring,human environment interaction,hinterlands,historical geography,medical history,environmental history,commercial networks
Projet ERC : grow (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : Imperial College London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1357099.0 €

This project will provide new knowledge on the mechanisms through which finance, and the relaxation of informational frictions for firms can promote economic growth. A big challenge in the field of corporate finance is to establish causality, and cleanly identify the impact of frictions on corporate outcomes. I aim to transform the frontier of knowledge in my field by using state of the art methodology in finance and economics that allows inferring causality. I will exploit a public policy program of certification (rating) of firms that was introduced in Portugal in 2008 by a governmental agency as a laboratory to estimate the impact of informational and financial frictions on corporate performance. This program has unique features that permit a Multidimensional Regression Discontinuity Design to estimate the causal economic impact of firm certification, and access of firms to financing. I will investigate both in detail, and in a comprehensive approach the channels through which the links between informational frictions, access to financing and corporate growth operate. The richness of the data on Portuguese firms makes it possible to understand the role of productivity, investment, innovation, human capital (employment), and trade. Last, I will study externalities generated by firm certification on a broader network, which includes other firms in their supply chain but also financial institutions. This research has obvious and relevant policy implications for governments because it will measure the economic effects of relaxing financing constraints, and it will provide a better understanding of the channels through which financing and informational frictions operate to impact firm performance.

Mots-clés : information,certification,growth,financing
Projet ERC : FRRAnt (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : University of London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : U. London
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1902704.0 €

This project will radically transform our understanding of Roman Republican culture by establishing a new framework for the elaboration of knowledge and the religious and institutional structures of the Roman Republic. We will do so through the first systematic and comprehensive account of a group of Republican writers, who laid out a new way of ordering knowledge, and in the process, described the world for their contemporaries as well as for us. This knowledge revolution re-shaped the Roman intellectual horizon and was understood until the 19th century as a distinctive ‘antiquarian’ moment. Scattered through inaccessible collections of legal, historical, grammatical material, the knowledge revolution of the period is masked, as is the magnitude of the Roman innovation. The project’s objectives are: to broaden scholarly debates on the construction of knowledge and the political and religious culture of the Republic by collecting and making widely accessible a body of critically significant texts that have never been seen in their entirety; to transform our understanding of the intellectual life of the Roman Republic and fully explore its connections with the political and religious world of the time. By drawing on a systematic analysis of what might be considered ‘antiquarian’, we will chart the dynamics of the intellectual, political, institutional, and religious spheres at the very moment of their creative mutual interdependence. Bringing historical, linguistic, legal, religious, and philosophical expertise to bear on a close philological investigation of the source texts, we will produce the first ever edition of all the surviving ‘antiquarian’ fragments of the Republic. Supplied with analytical insights in the commentary, introduction, and related monographs, FRRAnt’s ambition is to launch the study of these texts as a major new departure for the study of ancient world and of classical tradition from the Renaissance onwards.
Projet ERC : PROPERTY[IN]JUSTICE (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : National University of Ireland — Pays : Irlande — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : NUI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1500000.0 €

This project will scrutinize the concept, definition and interpretation of property rights in international law as they relate to land. It will not only examine the international human rights, environmental and cultural heritage law frameworks, but also specific areas of international economic law, including investment, that converge and diverge with spatial justice in the realm of land-based projects and policies. Lastly, the project will also include a strong conceptual component, by ascertaining to what extent a reconceptualization of property can contribute to transforming international law from ‘tool of empire’ to vehicle for change. Globalization has significantly affected the ways in which communities in many parts of the world interact with and access land and resources – from changing farming patterns due to international trade agreements, to collective tenure and customary rights in landscapes that are simultaneously the location of large-scale resource extraction projects. At the same time, normative developments in the field of human rights and environmental protection provide for the recognition of communities’ rights to ancestral and communal lands, as well as the free, prior and informed consent of communities in order to conduct activities on such lands (e.g. UNDRIP). Yet the abstract notion of ‘property’ rights in international investment law (land as commercial asset) often collides with the ‘lived-in’ property rights of people and communities on the ground (land as the basis for social, cultural and ecological life). As noted by Cotula, “far from being relegated to the exclusive domain of national law, property has long been and remains an important issue in international legal ordering” (2017, 234). Yet despite its centrality, its impact on people-place relations remains under-scrutinized in the international law scholarship. This project aims to fill this lacuna.

Mots-clés : land,property,environment,spatial justice,international law
Projet ERC : Lawforms (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : University of Exeter — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1370491.91 €

This project will study concepts and practices of law across the early modern Persianate world, investigating how this specific cultural milieu structured understanding of law, legal expression and efforts to secure rights and justice. It will do so by focusing on the ordinary users of law, rather than on specialists, and by using legal documents written in Persian and associated languages produced in five major linguistic-cultural zones stretching from the Indian subcontinent to Iran and the northern and western Indian Ocean. Working with the surviving record of everyday transactions (legal deeds); formularies that standardised such legal forms; extant adjudication records and relevant jurisprudential literature, we shall pay particularly close attention to language – exploring how translation, multi-lingualism, orality and literacy facilitated processes of vernacularisation of Islamic law, and was actuated through the social and material world of writing. The findings of this project will make significant contributions to several fields, such as: the history of Islamic law and its vernacularisation in various political, cultural and demographic contexts, the history of law and commerce in the Indian Ocean, the history of legal pluralism in Islamic and European empires. This ambitious project will be pursued by an international team of distinguished scholars working under my direction. Together, we will access untapped historical records from archives and collections in India, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Iran, Kuwait, Bahrain, Oman and Tanzania; and read and analyse texts in variations of Persian, in combination with Hindi, Marathi, Bengali, Rajasthani, Gujarati and Arabic. Outputs proposed are: 2 intensive workshops; 2 collective publications including 2 articles by each of the core project team members (1 for the PI); 1 monograph by the PI; and a major digitisation project which will enhance an existing database of Persian-language legal documents.

Mots-clés : islamic law,persianate world,legal documents,mughal empire,india,qajar iran,indian ocean
Projet ERC : TARGET (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : University of Turin — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UNITO
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2489232.0 €

This project will test for the first time the hypothesis that therapeutic inactivation of DNA repair pathways in cancer cells can be exploited for patient benefit by reawakening an anti-tumor immune response. Genomic instability and molecular heterogeneity, which occur in cancer cells with DNA repair deficiencies, fuel tumour progression and are associated with poor outcome. An exception is represented by Mismatch repair (MMR) deficient cancers as these tumours are exceedingly genetically heterogeneous but show favourable prognosis and remarkable response to immunotherapy. The molecular basis for the clinical outcome of MMR deficient cancers has long remained a mystery. Only recently it has become apparent that their biological properties are associated with increased levels of mutations, which unleash adaptive immunity and trigger immunosurveillance. We have reported that when MMR is impaired, cancers cells grow in immune-deficient mice but are unable to do so in immune competent animals. MMR inactivation increased the mutational burden and led to dynamic mutational profiles, resulting in persistent renewal of neoantigens and engagements of antigen-specific T cells. These data suggest an unprecedented high risk-high gain approach: the pharmacological blockade of proteins involved in DNA-repair as an anticancer therapy. This unconventional strategy builds on the concept that the immune system can identify and selectively target tumor cells carrying DNA alterations. Using in vitro and in vivo functional assays we will systematically assess whether and how inactivation of DNA repair genes provokes an immune response and restrict cancer growth. Notably, TARGET will discover and develop inhibitors of MMR and other DNA repair proteins that induce tumor immunity. The identification of DNA repair pathways which, when disabled, reawaken the immune system will provide transformative knowledge and could lead to the development of an entirely new class of anticancer drugs.

Mots-clés : cancer,genomics,cell biology,immunology,oncology,immunotherapy,bioinformatic,tumor immunity,medicinal chemistry and computational biology
Projet ERC : SICTRANSIT (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : University of Rome Tor Vergata — Pays : Italie — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 572021.0 €

This project will throw new light on human experience during changes of political regime, selecting medieval Sicily as the primary area of study. Between the 6th century and the 13th century, this island experienced four radical changes in regime: from Byzantine to Aghlabid to Fatimid to Norman to Swabian. Potentially, each of these transitions saw new groups of migrants, new forms of agriculture and settlement, new networks of exchange, new distributions of wealth and new types of social control, and we will discover and describe them. We will then compare the Sicilian experience with that of its neighbours over the same period, and so enhance the history of the countries of the western Mediterranean in their formative years. We also expect to deliver insights on a more general and recurrent phenomenon: the relationship between the driving ideology of an imposed regime, its economic performance and the composition and health of its peoples. This ambitious programme is made possible by new methods of archaeological investigation and the choice of medieval Sicily as the primary area of study. Here we have been given access to data sets from previously unpublished excavations spread throughout Sicily, and permission to investigate a cluster of different types of site at Castronovo in the centre of the island: a Byzantine stronghold, an Islamic and Norman castle and a long-lived ‘agrotown.’ To these we propose to add two large scale area surveys to study the dynamics of settlement and the way land was used. The integrated archaeological package to be applied is based on research protocols devised by the PI and deploys bioarchaeological methods newly developed at York, in stable isotopes, ancient DNA and the chemical characterisation of residues encountered in pottery. It is new to southern Europe and features techniques that were unavailable anywhere five years ago.