Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : COMFAM (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Human Mobility, Environment, and Space
Entité participante : Université de Bielefeld — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2136575.0 €

Passive commuting–regularly recurring travel between home and work by a motorized vehicle or public transportation–is an integral part of our lives. Commuting may take a toll on the health of commuters and their family members. Current research offers a limited understanding of whether commuting’s health impacts are socially patterned. Information about whether long commuting affects family members is scarce. A comprehensive inquiry into this topic is needed to understand what commuting means for population health.  COMFAM’s main objectives are: 1) to investigate the impact of long commutes on commuters’ physical health, 2) to investigate whether long commutes have adverse effects on non-commuting partners’ health and well-being, 3) to assess the effects of parental long commutes on children’s health and social outcomes, 4) to examine whether changes in commuting during and after the COVID-19 pandemic have brought any changes to the health and well-being of the family members, and 5) to examine whether the health effects of long commutes differ across population subgroups, and whether these effects are short- or long-term.  COMFAM is ambitious and highly innovative. It will use high-quality Nordic register data, enabling us to examine comprehensive objective indicators of health, investigate the heterogeneous health effects of long commuting, and employ novel methods to address endogeneity and help establish a causal pattern. We will also leverage rich survey data from the UK, US, and Germany to investigate mechanisms that may underlie commuting-health relationships and assess health declines not yet requiring medical treatment.  COMFAM is also important. In addition to impacting population health, the negative health effects of commuting may reduce employee performance, induce premature exits from the labor force, and set children on problematic trajectories. Thus, the findings will have far-reaching public health, social, and economic implications across nations.

Mots-clés : commuting,health,family health,child well being
Projet ERC : SAt-Radio (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : Nantes Université — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : NU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 134290.0 €

Astatine (At) is the rarest naturally occurring Astatine (At) is the rarest naturally occurring element on Earth, exhibiting only short-lived radioisotopes. One of them, 211At, decays with a half-life of 7.2 h by emission of a highly energetic alpha particle, making it one of the rare alpha emitters suitable for targeted alpha therapy (TAT) of cancers, if bound to an appropriate cancer targeting molecule. Because the number of cyclotrons able to produce it has seen a significant rise in the past years, it is expected that 211At will become more accessible and play a major role in the development of TAT.  Astatine belongs to the halogen elements, and despite more than 80 years since its discovery, many chemical properties remain to be discovered. This lack of knowledge is due to the absence of stable isotopes and the availability in minute amounts that preclude the use of standard analytical methods. Yet, research has shown that At behaves similarly to metals but also to halogens, forming bonds similar to its closest homologue, iodine, such as the carbon-At bond. This strategy is the main approach currently available to develop 211At-labeled radiopharmaceuticals. Yet, a lack of in vivo stability of the C-At bond is often observed, resulting in the release of 211At before it reaches its target and leading to irradiation of healthy tissues. Improving this stability is therefore a major challenge that remains to be overcome in order to unleash the potential of 211At in cancer treatments.  In this context the objective of the SAt-Radio project is to explore alternative bonding modalities to the C-At bond in order to develop novel radiolabeling approaches with improved in vivo stability. The strategies developed will exploit both the halogen and the metallic character of At, using analytical and computational approaches that have recently become available and making possible to elucidate the chemistry of this enigmatic elements at the trace concentration it is available.

Mots-clés : radiolabeling chemistry,halogens,alpha particle therapy
Projet ERC : SMARTMAG (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Systems and Communication Engineering
Entité participante : Université de Tampere — Pays : Finlande — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2000000.0 €

Ferromagnetic cores are used in transformers and electrical machines to allow producing a large magnetic flux with a small electric current. These cores have been traditionally designed for guiding a predefined magnetic flux to a predefined location, leaving them uninvolved with the actual control of the energy conversion process. As the consequence, there are millions of power and distribution transformers and variable-speed electrical motors in the EU alone whose performance, compactness and robustness are limited due to need of complex mechanical arrangements or excessive current and voltage requirements.  SMARTMAG will advance the transition towards active and smart magnetics, where the magnetic cores themselves take a key role in controlling the magnitude and distribution of magnetic fields in transformers and electrical machines. Starting from the fundamental principles of varying the reluctance of ferromagnetic flux paths by direct current biasing and voltage-controlled magnetoelectric composites, we will demonstrate unprecedented methods for tuning three-phase transformers and synchronous motors during the operation, significantly improving their performance and simplifying their construction compared to existing solutions. We have identified four scientifically novel and industrially relevant target applications – two transformers and two electrical machines – whose conceptualization, design, manufacturing and validation form the overarching goal of the project. Our three objectives aim to push the relevant nonlinear and multiphysics material models beyond the state-of-the-art, implement them in customized numerical design tools for transformers and electrical machines and to validate the feasibility of the four concepts by working prototypes in laboratory conditions.  As the result, new methods will arise for reducing outdated auxiliary devices and enabling new functionalities in power delivery as well as designing improved motors for electric drives.

Mots-clés : electrical machines,electrical steel sheets,finite element analysis,magnetic materials,magnetoelectric materials,high temperature superconductors,transformers
Projet ERC : NIMICRY (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing
Entité participante : Amsterdam University Medical Centers — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1949357.5 €

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease with widely variable clinical outcomes. I previously contributed to a unifying molecular classification of CRC, the consensus molecular subtypes (CMSs). The mesenchymal subtype (CMS4), representing ~25% of all CRC patients, is characterised by early metastatic dissemination and poor response to therapy. This is often attributed to activated and rich stroma and therefore much attention in the field goes to dissecting the interaction of the mesenchyme with the cancer cells in these tumours. However, in this research program I will investigate a radically different hypothesis: Mesenchymal CRCs display self-sustained growth by niche-mimicry (nimicry). I define nimicry as the adoption of niche features by cancer cells, thereby rendering the cancers independent of micro-environmental signals for their expansion. This hypothesis is directly based on preliminary experiments from my laboratory, which demonstrated that mesenchymal CRCs are not dependent on external growth factors for expansion in vitro and display autocrine and paracrine loops that drive self-sustained growth. The abundant stroma in mesenchymal CRCs is secondary to the growth factors and cytokines produced by the tumour cells.  To study this concept, I will employ primary human CRC models in combination with molecular and functional characterisation, to delineate the self-supporting signalling loops in a patient specific fashion. These studies are paralleled by the investigation of clonal dynamics within established human CRCs by means of a novel genetic lineage tracing strategy in combination with quantitative analysis. Dedicated analyses will resolve the impact of nimicry on metastasis formation, therapy resistance and tumour evolution.  These studies into nimicry as a critical concept in tumour biology, will importantly advance our understanding of the signals that drive CRC growth and progression, and will pave the way to new treatment strategies.

Mots-clés : colorectal cancer,tumour growth dynamics,cancer stem cells,molecular cancer subtypes,lineage tracing,cancer modelling
Projet ERC : GRAVITE (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth System Science
Entité participante : Institut supérieur de l'aéronautique et de l'espace — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ISAE-SUPAERO
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2294664.0 €

As the number of space missions involving surface interactions increases, so does the need to understand the behaviour of planetary surfaces. The surface properties also are crucial for human exploration, and play a key role in the evolution of planetary bodies. In terrestrial geophysics and planetary exploration, two techniques are widely used for in-situ determination of soil mechanical properties: seismic sounding, and penetration testing. However, the GRAVITE PI hypothesizes that these techniques are not directly applicable for space exploration due to implicit assumptions that become invalid in low-gravity environments, and that this has resulted in erroneous interpretations of data from multiple space missions.  Whereas others use limited experimental data points, numerical simulations or untested extrapolations, GRAVITE will build a unique high-performance, low and variable gravity laboratory to extensively explore, for the first time, the complex interactions between particle size, friction and cohesion in the response of granular materials to both small and large deformations, under vacuum, and in reduced-gravity conditions. The GRAVITE facility, capable of reaching gravity levels three orders of magnitude less than Earth’s gravity (in order to simulate small body surfaces), and of finely adjusting the gravity level of each individual experiment, will bridge an existing gap in facilities and provide exceptional experimental data covering a wide range of gravity conditions. The GRAVITE data from two custom experiments will be used to test the limits of existing theories, and validate new models accounting for previously unexplored regimes. As such, GRAVITE will provide the planetary science and exploration communities with much needed models that can be used to predict and interpret the behaviour of extra-terrestrial surface materials. The results will have direct applications to current and future space missions that interact with planetary surfaces.

Mots-clés : soil mechanics granular dynamics seismology regolith experimentation gravity
Projet ERC : URGENT (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Human Mobility, Environment, and Space
Entité participante : Université technique du Danemark — Pays : Danemark — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : DTU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1936613.0 €

Despite various soft and hard measures as well as improved transport technologies, carbon emissions from transport are not decreasing. URGENT will provide the knowledge base for more effective intervention strategies. To this end, the project examines under which individual and contextual circumstances people change their mobility behaviour and what mental mechanisms are involved in these behaviour change processes. The project uses a holistic interdisciplinary approach based on a unique longitudinal dataset. Over a 3-year period, data will be collected via a bi-annual survey combined with case studies including sub-samples of survey participants. Based on the survey, in-depth interviews and an intelligent mobility diary app, the case studies examine how people adapt their mobility behaviour in prospect and response to: (1) residential relocation, (2) anticipated vs. sudden life events and (3) transport technology adoption. Applying causal machine learning methods, the project will uncover which personal, social, technical or spatial factors are most relevant initiators of behaviour change and will specify the causal relations between involved factors, informed by the case studies. URGENT will additionally examine rebound effects of changed mobility behaviour (e.g. car use reduction, electric vehicle adoption) and reveal under which conditions, and to what extent, behaviour change in one area (e.g. commuting) positively or negatively spills over to other areas (e.g. air travel, food consumption). URGENT applies a novel analytical strategy that cross-fertilizes concepts from psychology (behaviour change models), human geography (mobility biographies approach), sociology (mobility cultures) and machine learning (causal discovery and causal inference). The project will not only fundamentally increase the understanding of behaviour change in transport, but also bears the potential to lead to a breakthrough in studying causality in transport research at large.

Mots-clés : behaviour change mobility behaviour sustainable transport modal shift causality attitude behaviour relationship transport technology adoption mobility biographies mobility culture travel socialisation life event retirement,e bike,electric vehicles
Projet ERC : ULTIMASero (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention,  Diagnosis and T reatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : Institut Pasteur de Madagascar — Pays : Madagascar — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : IMP
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 350000.0 €

Enormous progress is being made in the fight against parasitic diseases such as malaria in sub-Saharan Africa, which is driving a long-term epidemiological shift in the burden of infectious diseases. Until recently, most febrile patients presenting to rural health facilities were presumptively treated for malaria. However, the decline in malaria cases coupled with the roll out of rapid diagnostic tests has revealed a substantial burden of non-malaria fevers. I hypothesise that the predominant disease burden in Africa is changing from parasites to viruses, and that the diversity of infecting pathogens is increasing over time.  ULTIMASero aims to investigate long-term trends in the epidemiology of infectious diseases by taking a multi-pathogen approach using multiplex serological and molecular assays, epidemiological studies, and statistical modelling. This will be achieved through four aims: (i) Investigate febrile patients in longitudinal studies in Senegal, Cameroon, and Madagascar; (ii) Develop a multiplex serological assay for viral, parasitic, and bacterial pathogens in Africa; (iii) Create statistical and machine learning tools for multiplex data; and (iv) Implement sero-epidemiological analyses of long-term trends in infectious disease in general populations.  The key technological output will be a multiplex serological assay using Luminex bead-based technology to measure antibodies to infectious diseases transmitted in Africa. The assay will test small volume blood samples for antibodies to >300 antigens from >100 pathogens. We will test samples from prospective cohorts of febrile patients to provide an in-depth assessment of the burden of febrile illness, and from 50,000 biobanked samples dating back over 30 years to assess long-term trends in multi-pathogen epidemiology in the general population.  The knowledge generated from this interdisciplinary project will have major implications for how we study, track, prevent and treat febrile illness in Africa.

Mots-clés : infectious disease epidemiology serological diagnostics malaria statistical models machine learning surveillance fever
Projet ERC : PhagoSynCell (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : IBEC
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999375.0 €

The growing occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant infections, compounded with the stalling development and approval of new antibiotic drugs, has created a therapeutic gap, threatening a global health crisis. Resistance emerges when bacteria mutate their molecular targets for antibiotics, evading their action. Is it conceivable to design synthetic cells assembled from abiotic synthetic macromolecules, capable of mimicking the most salient features of phagocytosis —Nature’s most selective, effective, and advanced strategy to eradicate pathogens? The aim of PhagoSynCell is to create Phagocytic Synthetic Cells (PSCs) that selectively recognize, capture, engulf and kill antibiotic-resistant bacteria without generating selection pressure for resistance. Firstly, we will develop the membrane of the PSCs by the simulation-aided synthesis of novel macromolecular amphiphiles (Janus dendrimers and amphiphilic comb polymers) self-assembled into vesicle libraries with functional diversity and phenotype programmability. We will then study novel methods to facilitate engulfment of micro-objects by leveraging principles of mechanical actuation programmed at the molecular level. We will introduce superselectivity to artificial membranes to selectively capture bacteria. Furthermore, we will develop an antimicrobial strategy triggered and activated by engulfment that disrupts the bacterial membrane —an element highly unsusceptible to evolution. Finally, we will demonstrate the efficacy of PSCs against pathogenic antibiotic-resistant strains and show their biosafety in cells, organoids, and advanced tissue models as proof-of-concept for future applications. PhagoSynCell will unveil the underlying principles of Artificial Phagocytosis, delivering synthetic cells able to selectively recognize and kill bacteria. Ultimately, this will provide the steppingstone towards the use of synthetic cells as a quasi-living therapeutic —a field I envision will revolutionize medicine.

Mots-clés : synthetic cells bottom up synthetic biology superselectivity polymer chemistry advanced antimicrobials
Projet ERC : DRA (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Université de Haïfa — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1971671.0 €

Courts without judges? Informal processes without mediators? We are on the verge of a dramatic paradigm shift in our justice system from human to algorithmic dispute resolution. While most of us perceive the delivery of justice as a human task, courts and informal arenas worldwide are increasingly relying on online processes that employ algorithms in lieu of judges and mediators. Also, artificial intelligence is more commonly used to support and predict judicial outcomes. Together, these developments constitute dispute resolution automation (“DRA”). What is still a nascent phenomenon, accelerated by Covid-19, is certain to expand dramatically within and outside courts, as our backlogged justice system seeks to transform the inefficient resolution and adjudication of cases, and expand access to justice. Despite growth of DRA, our theories, concepts, and rules remain focused on the role of human third parties in reducing barriers to courts, generating perceptions of procedural fairness, and ensuring just outcomes. The implications of the “vanishing third party” on justice have yet to be recognized, studied, conceptualized, and theorized. This project will fill this gap by offering a new theory of access to justice (barriers), procedural justice (perceived fairness) and substantive justice (just outcomes) for DRA. To that end, I will (1) develop a normative framework for just DRA, (2) conduct a comprehensive empirical study of real data in four research sites in different countries (France, the Netherlands, the U.S. and Israel), lab experiments on DRA, and interviews with designers and users of DRA; (3) generate a typology for the design of just automated processes across settings, and devise model procedural rules for the adoption of DRA in courts, and (4) develop novel methods for the evaluation of DRA.

Mots-clés : courts,judges,law and technology,alternative dispute resolution,online dispute resolution,access to justice,procedural justice,artificial intelligence,ai,negotiation,mediation,justice