Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : PLATFORM DISCOURSES (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : Radboud University Nijmegen — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 958750.0 €

This project aims to develop a critical humanities perspective on the platform society, in which the online platforms owned by major tech companies—from Google to Facebook, from Apple to Airbnb—are integrated into all domains of life. In recent years, scholars across the humanities and the social sciences have analysed the functioning of platforms and their social impact. However, there has not yet been a systematic scholarly analysis of the discourses through which tech companies seek to generate trust around their products, addressing people not only as consumers, but increasingly also as a general “public.” This angle is crucial, because tech discourses are not mere by-products of platforms themselves, but form an integrated part of the development in which tech companies present their market-driven services as neutral spaces for social interaction. Platform Discourses offers this angle on tech companies as discourse producers by employing methods of narrative, image, and discourse analysis in order to analyse the texts, images, and moving images generated by tech companies: from books to corporate blogs (e.g., Airbnb’s Citizen blog), from product presentations to billboard campaigns (e.g., Apple’s World Gallery), from manifestos to public statements (e.g., Microsoft’s call for a digital Geneva convention). The project identifies the ideological underpinnings of those materials. What are the dominant visions of individual and collective human existence tech companies develop in their discourses? How have these visions evolved over the decades? And what conceptual understandings of humanity inspire Google’s mission to “do no evil” or Facebook’s ideal of a “global community”? Answering these questions, Platform Discourses presents a critical framework to understand how tech companies not only disrupt traditional markets and transform people’s practices, but also seek to reconfigure the stories through which people relate to themselves, others, and their ecosystems.

Mots-clés : platform society,online platforms,theories of everyday life,attention and attention studies,critiques of humanism,critical humanities,narrative analysis,image analysis,moving image analysis,digital age
Projet ERC : CHRiSHarMa (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : Université de Toulouse — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UT
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 499436.79 €

This project aims to develop two arrays of questions at the heart of harmonic analysis, probability and operator theory: Multi-parameter harmonic analysis. Through the use of wavelet methods in harmonic analysis, we plan to shed new light on characterizations for boundedness of multi-parameter versions of classical Hankel operators in a variety of settings. The classical Nehari's theorem on the disk (1957) has found an important generalization to Hilbert space valued functions, known as Page's theorem. A relevant extension of Nehari's theorem to the bi-disk had been a long standing problem, finally solved in 2000, through novel harmonic analysis methods. It's operator analog remains unknown and constitutes part of this proposal. Sharp estimates for Calderon-Zygmund operators and martingale inequalities. We make use of the interplay between objects central to Harmonic analysis, such as the Hilbert transform, and objects central to probability theory, martingales. This connection has seen many faces, such as in the UMD space classification by Bourgain and Burkholder or in the formula of Gundy-Varapoulos, that uses orthogonal martingales to model the behavior of the Hilbert transform. Martingale methods in combination with optimal control have advanced an array of questions in harmonic analysis in recent years. In this proposal we wish to continue this direction as well as exploit advances in dyadic harmonic analysis for use in questions central to probability. There is some focus on weighted estimates in a non-commutative and scalar setting, in the understanding of discretizations of classical operators, such as the Hilbert transform and their role played when acting on functions defined on discrete groups. From a martingale standpoint, jump processes come into play. Another direction is the use of numerical methods in combination with harmonic analysis achievements for martingale estimates.

Mots-clés : multi parameter analysis,weighted space,commutator,riesz transform,martingale,dyadic
Projet ERC : DEADSEA_ECO (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : University of Haifa — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499562.5 €

This project aims to explore the effects of human settlement intensity on desert ecological community structure, focusing on the hitherto unstudied phenomenon of trophic cascades in antiquity. Its key research question is whether human-induced changes in arid land biodiversity can feedback to affect natural resources important for human subsistence, such as pasture and wood. The role of such feedback effects in ecological systems is increasingly acknowledged in recent years in the biological literature but has not been addressed in the study of human past. The research question will be approached using bioarchaeological methods applied to the uniquely-preserved material record from the middle and late Holocene settlement sequence (approximately 4,500 BCE to 700 CE) of the Dead Sea Ein Gedi Oasis, and to the contemporary palaeontological assemblages from caves located in the surrounding Judean Desert. The proposed research is expected to bridge between aspects of current thinking on ecosystem dynamics and the study of human past by exploring the role of trophic cascades as an invisible dimension of Anthropocene life in marginal environments. The study of the history of human impact on such environments is important to resource management planning across a rapidly expanding ecological frontier on Earth, as climate deterioration brings more people in contact with life-sustaining and sensitive arid land ecosystems.

Mots-clés : archaeozoology,human ecology,desert,sustainability,anthropocene
Projet ERC : FLUSPEC (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : Spanish National Research Council — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CSIC
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1825163.0 €

This project aims to go significantly beyond the state of the art in several fundamental questions in PDEs with a clear geometric flavor. Central to this proposal is the Euler equation for an incompressible fluid, where the topics that I will be concerned with range from free boundary problems where I will strive to prove that the curvature of the interface blows up in finite time due to the appearance of kinks of controlled geometry, to the existence of smooth stationary solutions that feature chaotic trajectories confined in knotted vortex tubes of any topology, as conjectured by V.I. Arnold over fifty years ago. I will also consider a number of questions in spectral theory about the geometry of the eigenfunctions of the Laplacian and of the curl operator (the so called Beltrami fields, of crucial importance in the study of stationary Euler flows), analyze the process of creation and destruction of vortex structures in the 3D Navier-Stokes and Gross-Pitaevskii equations, consider blowup problems in magnetohydrodynamics, develop global approximation theorems for dispersive equations, and study the limiting measures of a sequence of solutions to the Seiberg-Witten equation. Key for the feasibility of this deep, ambitious project is that these topics are by no means disjoint, so some common themes and fundamental ideas keep coming up in protean forms throughout the research project, and that I have already achieved major results in essentially all the topics covered in the proposal. This includes the proofs of well-known conjectures in fluid mechanics and spectral theory due to Lord Kelvin (1875), V.I. Arnold (1965), S.T. Yau (1993) and M. Berry (2001). The award of a Consolidator Grant would allow me to consolidate both my position as a leader in my fields of interest and the top-level research group on these topics that I am building.

Mots-clés : euler equation,vortex structures,eigenfunctions,singularity formation,stationary euler flows,nodal sets,beltrami fields,seiberg witten equation,gross pitaevskii equation
Projet ERC : EQUALIZE (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : CERCA Institution — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CERCA;I-CERCA
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1174500.0 €

This project aims to investigate the extent to which current trends in family formation, living arrangements and gender-specific education levels are related to the spatial distribution of welfare and the emergence of jobless households in contemporary societies. Inter alia, we aim to explore whether the welfare disequalizing, impoverishing and polarizing effects that are currently associated with recent patterns in assortative mating, lone parenthood and household composition are offset by an unprecedented phenomenon that is sweeping the world during the last decades: the rapid process education expansion in tandem with a reversal of the gender gap in education. The extent to which these two opposing forces occur and which of them is more influential in shaping the distribution of welfare between and within countries is among the main goals of this project. To this end, we will draw upon a variety of household surveys and the world largest sources of census microdata: the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS) project and the Latin American and Caribbean Demographic Centre. Because of their unparalleled geographical coverage and detail, these sources of data constitute exceptional instruments to study socio-demographic phenomena that have been vastly underutilized by the international research community. Triangulating our analysis at the micro, meso and macro levels, we will establish formal linkages between welfare distributions and its socio-demographic correlates to unveil insightful relationships that have been unsatisfactorily explored so far because of the lack of appropriately harmonized, sufficiently detailed and georeferenced datasets. We will strongly emphasize the spatial distribution of variables to unravel local patterns that might take place at highly disaggregated levels, therefore not being discernible to traditional (not as finely-grained) approaches.
Projet ERC : SMACK (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions
Entité participante : Uppsala University — Pays : Suède — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1653550.0 €

This project aims to map the determinants of efficient synthesis, folding, and targeting of proteins in living bacterial cells, and to understand how antibiotic drugs inhibit these events. Our findings will be used to form a quantitative description of how the mRNA sequence ultimately determines how, where, and when a polypeptide should fold, which will help to design better E. coli-based production systems for recombinant proteins; both protein folding and targeting are currently severe bottlenecks. Further, by studying the effect of clinically relevant antibiotic drugs directly on ongoing protein synthesis, we will learn how the inhibitory action on the molecular level is translated into the response on cell and population level. This knowledge will help to improve the use of current drugs, as well as to provide clues regarding how new drugs should be designed. To reach our goals, we will use and further develop our recently published fluorescence-based experimental and analytical system for live-cell single-molecule analysis of protein synthesis kinetics. Particularly, we will develop orthogonal translation systems to measure protein synthesis kinetics on defined mRNAs in an unperturbed cell background. We will also label and study key components of the universal pathway for Signal Recognition Particle-mediated cotranslational targeting of peptides to the membrane-bound peptide translocation complexes. In these applications we use small organic dyes for site-specific labeling of molecules, which allow recording of long diffusion trajectories inside cells. These trajectories are then fed to our machine-learning algorithms to deduce the binding kinetics. With an increasing demand for therapeutic proteins, such as monoclonal antibodies for cancer treatment, there is an urgent need for microbial-based systems for cost-effective production of recombinant proteins. With our unique experimental and analytical system, we have the opportunity to aid in this development.

Mots-clés : single molecule tracking,kinetics,polypeptide targeting,signal recognition particle,antibiotics
Projet ERC : UrbanOccupationsOETR (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : University of Cambridge — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : U. Cambridge
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 15334.33 €

This project aims to overcome historiographical and disciplinary limitations in social and economic history, historical geography and urban studies for the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Turkey. The chosen long-term Ottoman/Turkish perspective is intended to facilitate comparative approaches so as to overcome the limitations of national historiographies. By extending the analysis up to 2000 the project also challenges the disciplinary divide between economic history, economics and urban studies in research on Turkey. To pursue these multiple goals the project will adopt both an inter-disciplinary approach and a comparative perspective. Throughout the project the focus will be on the dynamics of industrialisation, urbanisation and their accompanying changes in occupational structures and residential and migration patterns. To be able to contextualise and compare changes in occupational structure and urban growth trajectories across time and space, solid and detailed datasets of occupational structure and historical demographics for a very large part of the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century and for the entire Turkey in the 20th century will be constructed. This project is an attempt at bringing Ottoman/Turkish history into the newly emerging field of digital humanities. It will use advanced techniques of spatial data and multiple correspondence analysis in conjuncture to answer long debated research questions and to formulate and work on new ones by taking an unprecedented step forward toward establishing a digital research infrastructure for the social and economic history of the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Turkey. This project will re-define industrialisation in its connection with urbanisation from a spatiotemporal analytical perspective for Anatolia and the Southeast Europe to ask time and space specific questions about, simultaneity and geographical convergence of Eurasian economic development since 1850.

Mots-clés : structural change,economic geography,digital history,historical geographic information system,multiple correspondence analysis,digital research infrastructure
Projet ERC : SLACC (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : University of Patras — Pays : Grèce — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 149588.0 €

This project aims to protect, and commercialize a new panel of transplantable mouse lung cancer cell lines with defined mutation status (MLC) for cancer research and drug discovery. In addition, we aim at disseminating and exploiting a novel method for generating an unlimited pool of such lines from various strains of mice. Human lung cancer is characterized by a variety of mutations in oncogenes (i.e., KRAS) and tumor suppresors (i.e., TRP53), which largely determine whether lung tumors respond to a given therapeutic regime. Human lung cancer cell lines are invaluable for in vitro studies, but need to be propagated in immunodeficient mice, compromising the validity of the results obtained. A panel of syngeneic MLC with a defined and a genetically malleable battery of mutated oncogenes would allow more physiologically relevant studies, would help accelerate research and drug discovery in the field, and would generate substantial interest in the academia and the industry. For the purposes of mother project FP7-IDEAS-ERC-StG-2010-KRASHIMPE-260524 aimed at studying KRAS-driven host-tumor interactions, we derived such MLC lines from the lungs of mice using exposure to tobacco carcinogens or genetic oncogenesis. We request funding to i) characterize MLC lines to show proof-of-concept data that they can be used for drug and oncogene discovery; ii) assemble them into a marketable product; iii) protect these discoveries; iv) assess their market potential; v) attract potential interested parties; and vi) commercialize this new product. We hope the results of this project will speed up investigation and drug discovery by shortening the presently wide time interval between cancer wet bench research and clinical applications.

Mots-clés : lung cancer,syngeneic,mouse model,immune competent,carcinogen,tobacco
Projet ERC : ECHO (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : Spanish National Research Council — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CSIC
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2852655.0 €

This project aims to reformulate and generalize standard theories of human health and mortality. It proposes new formal models and a systematic agenda to empirically test hypotheses that link developmental biology, epigenetics and adult human illness, disability and mortality. We seek to break new ground developing innovative formal models for illnesses and mortality, testing new hypotheses about the evolution of human health and, to the extent permitted by findings, reformulating standard theories to make them applicable to a less restrictive segment of populations than they are now. Over the past two decades there has been massive growth of research on the nature of delayed adult effects of conditions experienced in early life. This field of research is known as the Developmental Origins of Adult Health and Disease (DOHaD). Increasing evidence suggests that the mechanisms that are implicated are epigenetic and constitute an evolved adaptation selected over thousands of years to improve fitness in changing landscapes. The emergence of DOHaD is as close as we will ever come to a paradigmatic shift in the study of human health, disability and mortality. The most tantalizing possibility is that advances in our understanding of epigenetic mechanisms will shed light on pathways linking early exposures and delayed adult health thus fundamentally transforming our understanding of human illnesses and, in one fell swoop, bridge population health, epigenetics, and developmental and evolutionary biology. The overarching goal of this project is to contribute to this nascent area of study by (a) proposing new formal demographic models of health, disability and mortality; (b) empirically testing DOHaD predictions with population data; (c) testing a microsimulation model to verify DOHaD predictions about two conditions, obesity and Type 2 Diabetes, and (d) assessing the adult health, disability and mortality toll implicated by relations between early conditions, obesity and T2D.

Mots-clés : dohad,epigenetics,obesity,mortality,multistate models,formal demographic models,microsimulation models
Projet ERC : TIMEHIST (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : Geisteswissenschaftliche Zentren Berlin — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : GWZ
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1996089.0 €

This project aims to write the history of time and temporal cultures in South Asia between the 1500s and the 1950s on a practice- and process-based history. Covering this broad timespan under five modular units, the objective is to investigate and write the graded pasts of shifts and transformations within them. In doing so, it departs from the usual approaches that focus either on the device (clock) or on the modern nation-state institutions such as army, school, factory, and office. Instead, while going beyond device-centrism, it puts ‘othered’ spaces of temporal practices such as field, farm, jungle, and river in the centre of the time’s history. The project’s novelty is in the combined strength of transcending the widely applied frameworks across regions as well as in opening new fields of inquiry for South Asia. By generating rich empirical works, guided by interdisciplinary theoretical approaches, five clearly laid-out units will achieve this. One, the history of work and time in which instead of factory and clock the focus is on ecology and legality across agrarian, informal, and industrial sites; two, the role of nocturnal time in shaping the practices of social transgressions but crucially in constituting the ‘rule of law’; three, the history of ‘hidden scripts’ of waiting and delay that have been neglected under the weight of technologies of speed; four, the history of the future as imagined and shaped by people using diverse resources ranging from life insurance to visiting religious time-tellers; and five, an independent unit on the early modern period that would break the rigid periodisation in history writing by exploring continuous and changing time-practices. Temporal modernity, the project argues, emerged from the existing temporal cultures rather than supplant them. Through its bold yet feasible scope, TIMEHIST promises to establish temporality as an independent analytical category in studies on spatiality, colonialism, and social history.

Mots-clés : temporal cultures,social history of time,precolonial and colonial india,social practices and processes