Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : 4SUNS (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Systems and communication engineering
Entité participante : Autonomous University of Madrid — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UAM
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499719.0 €

It was early predicted by M. Green and coeval colleagues that dividing the solar spectrum into narrow ranges of colours is the most efficient manner to convert solar energy into electrical power. Multijunction solar cells are the current solution to this challenge, which have reached over 30% conversion efficiencies by stacking 3 junctions together. However, the large fabrication costs and time hinders their use in everyday life. It has been shown that highly mismatched alloy (HMA) materials provide a powerful playground to achieve at least 3 different colour absorption regions that enable optimised energy conversion with just one junction. Combining HMA-based junctions with standard Silicon solar cells will rocket solar conversion efficiency at a reduced price. To turn this ambition into marketable devices, several efforts are still needed and few challenges must be overcome. 4SUNS is a revolutionary approach for the development of HMA materials on Silicon technology, which will bring highly efficient multi-colour solar cells costs below current multijunction devices. The project will develop the technology of HMA materials on Silicon via material synthesis opening a new technology for the future. The understanding and optimization of highly mismatched alloy materials-using GaAsNP alloy- will provide building blocks for the fabrication of laboratory-size 4-colours/2-junctions solar cells. Using a molecular beam epitaxy system, 4SUNS will grow 4-colours/2-junctions structure as well as it will manufacture the final devices. Structural and optoelectronic characterizations will carry out to determine the quality of the materials and the solar cells characteristic to obtain a competitive product. These new solar cells are competitive products to breakthrough on the solar energy sector solar cells and allowing Europe to take leadership on high efficiency solar cells.

Mots-clés : highly mismatched alloy materials,diluted nitrogen,multiband solar cells,multijunction solar cells,silicon technology,solar energy
Projet ERC : LawWithoutMercy (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : Freie Universität Berlin — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : FU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1697776.0 €

Japan fought the war over East and Southeast Asia between 1937 and 1945 not only in the theatres of war, but with equal harshness in the courtrooms of military justice. Wherever Japanese soldiers went, judge-advocates followed, meeting out stern justice to soldiers, civilians and enemy soldiers alike. The system of courts-martial and military courts throughout East and Southeast Asia served three purposes: regulate violence and channel it efficiently to serve Japan's war goals; deter the civilian population and coerce it into following Japan's 'New Order' in East Asia; and finally, convince domestic and international audiences that Japan's war was not only legitimate, but also 'legal'. Yet, despite formal pretences, verdicts routinely ended in execution or harsh imprisonment. As such, the violence of the justice system mirrored the brutality of the war in general. Despite the highly contentious nature of the war even today, a systematic study of mass violence during the Asia-Pacific War has been sorely lacking. 'Law without Mercy' undertakes this daunting task by using military justice as focal point and as a highly precise lens for studying the various figurations of violence during the war. It is pioneering in analysing legal practice as an integral part of this violence and facilitator for its routinisation and escalation on the battlefield and in the occupied territories. And finally, it opens up a wholly new and large body of sources through original archival work that helps to overcome the notorious direness of documentation on Japan's conduct during the war. Situated at the intersection of several historical fields, 'Law without Mercy' capitalises on the double expertise of the PI in modern Japanese history and international law. With the complex and precarious relation between law, war and violence still at the heart of humanitarian issues, the historical insights of this project have very practical implications for our conflict-laden world today.

Mots-clés : asia pacific war,japan,violence,history,20th century
Projet ERC : PRIORS (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System
Entité participante : Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : FCRB;FCRB-CERCA
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2000000.0 €

Just as our experience has its origin in our perceptions, our perceptions are fundamentally shaped by our experience. How does the brain build expectations from experience and how do expectations impact perception? In a Bayesian framework, expectations determine the environment’s prior probability, which combined with stimulus information, can yield optimal decisions. While the accumulation-to-bound model describes temporal integration of sensory inputs and their combination with the prior, we still lack electrophysiological evidence showing neural circuits that integrate previous events adaptively to generate advantageous expectations. I aim to understand (1) how circuits in the cerebral cortex integrate the recent history of stimuli and rewards to generate expectations, (2) how expectations are combined with sensory input across the processing hierarchy to bias decisions and (3) whether the dynamics of the expectation can dominate neuronal and choice variability. I will train rats in a new auditory discrimination task using predictable stimulus sequences that, once learned, are used to compute adaptive priors that improve discrimination. I will perform population recordings and optogenetic manipulations to identify the brain areas involved in the computation of priors in the task. To reveal the circuit mechanisms underlying the observed dynamics I will train a computational network model to classify fluctuating inputs and, by adapting its dynamics to the statistics of the stimulus sequence, accumulate evidence across trials to maximize performance. The model will generalize the accumulation-to-bound model by integrating information across various time scales and will partition choice variability into that caused by the dynamics of the prior or by fluctuations in the stimulus response. My proposal points at a paradigm shift from viewing neuronal variability as a corrupting source of noise to the result of our brain’s inevitable tendency to predict the future.

Mots-clés : perceptual decision making,expectation,neuronal variability,behavioral variability,network model dynamics,drift diffusion model
Projet ERC : JustSites (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : University of Copenhagen — Pays : Danemark — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UCPH
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1497436.0 €

JustSites studies the multitude of localities in which international criminal justice is produced, received and has impact. Building an innovative scientific vocabulary, the project understands these justice sites to be social topographies in which the political, legal and professional activities that collectively create international criminal justice are developed. The justice sites include locations in which forensic exhumations are carried out, NGO offices in conflict zones, foreign ministries, private law firms, media outlets, academic research centers, and the international criminal courts. These sites are closely related, and all depend on and compete with each other to define the direction of international criminal justice. With its analysis of justice sites, the project moves beyond the conventional focus on courts and their context to investigate instead the balances of authority and power that affect the relations between these topographies and thus drive the development of international criminal justice as a field of law. To investigate the relational topography of justice sites, the multidisciplinary project analyzes how these sites produce international criminal justice ideas and practices, and how such ideas and practices are received and have impact in other sites. By following the impact of ideas and practices as they move from one site to another, the relative and perceived authority and power of these sites will be identified and analyzed. Through their productive and receptive character, the justice sites also communicate the results of international criminal justice to broader audiences, labelling them in the process as a success or a failure. Therefore, contributing the first investigation of the topography of justice sites is not only of significant value as frontier research, but is crucial for understanding the wider societal, legal and political impact of this field of law.

Mots-clés : international criminal justice,sociology of law,globalization of law
Projet ERC : COMBIOSCOPY (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : German Cancer Research Center — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : DKFZ
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1256437.5 €

Key challenges in endoscopic tumor diagnosis and therapy consist of the detection and discrimination of malignant tissue as well as the precise navigation of medical instruments. Currently, a low level of sensitivity and specificity in tumor detection and lack of global orientation lead to both over- and undertreatment, tumor recurrence, intra-operative complications, and high costs. The goal of this multidisciplinary project is to revolutionize clinical endoscopic imaging based on the systematic integration of two new but independant fields of research up until this point: Biophotonics and computer-assisted interventions (COMputational BIOphotonics in endoSCOPY). For the first time, quantitative multi-modal imaging biomarkers based on structural and functional data are being developed to enhance the physician’s view by providing information that cannot be seen with the naked eye. To this extent, white light images co-registered with multispectral optical and photoacoustic images will be processed in a combined manner to dynamically reconstruct not only the visible surface in 3D but also subsurface anatomical and functional detail such as 3D vessel topology, blood volume and oxygenation. Spatio-temporal registration of multi-modal data acquired before and during the procedure will enable (1) the highly specific local tissue classification and discrimination based on tissue shape, texture, function and radiological contrast imagery as well as (2) global context-aware instrument guidance. This innovative approach to radiation-free real-time imaging will be implemented and evaluated by means of computer-assisted colonoscopy and laparoscopy. The potential socioeconomic impact of providing high precision minimally-invasive tumor diagnosis and therapy at low cost is extremely high.

Mots-clés : computer assisted interventions,computer aided surgery,interventional imaging
Projet ERC : TOPAS (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems
Entité participante : Technical University of Munich — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TUM
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2272055.0 €

Kinases are key regulators of protein activity and phosphorylate thousands of proteins in cells. The phosphoproteome can hence be viewed as a proxy for the proteome activity status of a cell. Dysregulation of the phosphoproteome can cause diseases such as cancer. As a result, kinase inhibitors have become important drugs in oncology and nearly 50 are approved for use in humans. As they typically have a range of targets, there is enormous potential for repurposing these drugs for other cancer entities. To implement this in the clinic, it is important to better understand: i) how the phosphoproteome of an individual tumor can be functionally interpreted, ii) how and to what extent kinase inhibitors modulate the phosphoproteome and iii) which drug is the best fit for modulating the proteome activity status of a particular tumor. This information is only partially or not available from classical cancer diagnostics or genomics. Therefore, the central aim of this project is to show that ground breaking new information for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients will come from measuring their tumor proteome activity status (TOPAS) by quantitative mass spectrometry. To this end, the first objective is to show that modulating the TOPAS of cancer model systems by kinase inhibitors functionalizes the phosphoproteome and reveals the cellular mechanisms of action of these important medicines. The second objective is to develop and validate diagnostic drug-, protein- and pathway-centric TOPAS scores able to make treatment suggestions based on the phosphoproteomes of cancer models and tumor tissues. The third objective is to demonstrate, on the example of sarcoma patients, that TOPAS scoring adds value to decision making by molecular tumor boards. Combining the strengths of proteomics and genomics, I aim for building a comprehensive multi-omics view on tumors and will create a ‘virtual tumor board’ in ProteomicsDB to make TOPAS available to the scientific community.

Mots-clés : clinical phosphoproteomics,precision medicine,kinase inhibitors,drug repurposing
Projet ERC : ARTEFACT (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : University of Cambridge — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : U. Cambridge
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1345996.47 €

Knowledge is an anthropological constant that is indissociable from the birth and interactions of human societies, but is at best a secondary concern for scholars of international relations and globalization. Contemporary global studies are thus unable to account for the co-constitution of knowledge and politics at a macro-scale, and remain especially blind to the historical patterns of epistemic development that operate at the level of the species as a whole and have shaped its global political history in specific, path-dependent ways up to now. ARTEFACT is the first project to pursue a knowledge-centered investigation of global politics. It is uniquely grounded in an anthropological approach that treats globalization and human knowledges beyond their modern manifestations, from the longue-durée perspective of our species’ social history. 'The global as artefact' is more than a metaphor. It reflects the premise that human collectives 'make' the political world not merely through ideas, language, or norms, but primordially through the material infrastructures, solutions, objects, practices, and skills they develop in response to evolving structural challenges. ARTEFACT takes agriculture as an exemplary and especially timely case-study to illuminate the entangled global histories of knowledge and politics, analyzing and comparing four increasingly inclusive 'global political systems' of the Ancient, Medieval, Modern, and Contemporary eras and their associated agrarian socio-epistemic revolutions. ARTEFACT ultimately aims to 1) develop an original theory of the global, 2) launch Global Knowledge Studies as a new cross-disciplinary domain of systematic empirical and theoretical study, and 3) push the respective boundaries of the anthropology of knowledge, global history, and international theory beyond the state-of-the-art and toward a holistic understanding that can illuminate how past trends of socio-epistemic evolution might shape future paths of global life.

Mots-clés : history of agriculture,globalization
Projet ERC : HERO (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Synergy grants)
Entité participante : Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology — Pays : Suisse — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ETH Zurich
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2499999.0 €

Knowledge of the electronic band structure and a key low energy degree of freedom, chosen from a short list including charge, spin, free electrons and atomic positions, characterizes most crystalline solids with astonishing success. This paradigm underpins not only metallic and insulating behavior, but also superconductivity, the fractional quantum Hall effect and Mott physics where the efficient theoretical approach is always to consider many-body physics only for a single low energy degree of freedom. While much research even over the last 20 years has validated this paradigm, e.g. for graphene, there are examples of quantum matter where it seems to break down, most notably transition metal oxides which host what appear to be many “key” low energy degrees of freedom (order parameters) and even the quasiparticles in the “normal” metallic states do not always behave as ordinary electrons in metals. Our contention is that the truly important degrees of freedom are not awaiting discovery, but rather that the key property of many of these systems is that there are several key degrees of freedom. HERO aims to go beyond the state of the art in accounting for systems with multiple order parameters by considering all of the possibilities offered by quantum mechanics, and taking advantage of exceptional experimental and computational tools such as free electron lasers. We will search systematically for different forms of “Hidden” Order , derived either from correlations between classical order parameters which could even be vanishing due to quantum fluctuations or from external ac drive fields. Quantum multicritical points where different forms of order simultaneously appear near zero temperature will be considered with special attention to the effects of Entanglement between mesoscopic quantum variables associated with the multiple orders. Finally, we will examine the consequences of Resonant level crossings for symmetry-restoring modes associated with different orders.

Mots-clés : quantum criticality,non linear dynamic,tensor order,free electron laser,multiferroics
Projet ERC : HERO (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Synergy grants)
Entité participante : Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology — Pays : Suisse — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ETH Zurich
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2674950.0 €

Knowledge of the electronic band structure and a key low energy degree of freedom, chosen from a short list including charge, spin, free electrons and atomic positions, characterizes most crystalline solids with astonishing success. This paradigm underpins not only metallic and insulating behavior, but also superconductivity, the fractional quantum Hall effect and Mott physics where the efficient theoretical approach is always to consider many-body physics only for a single low energy degree of freedom. While much research even over the last 20 years has validated this paradigm, e.g. for graphene, there are examples of quantum matter where it seems to break down, most notably transition metal oxides which host what appear to be many “key” low energy degrees of freedom (order parameters) and even the quasiparticles in the “normal” metallic states do not always behave as ordinary electrons in metals. Our contention is that the truly important degrees of freedom are not awaiting discovery, but rather that the key property of many of these systems is that there are several key degrees of freedom. HERO aims to go beyond the state of the art in accounting for systems with multiple order parameters by considering all of the possibilities offered by quantum mechanics, and taking advantage of exceptional experimental and computational tools such as free electron lasers. We will search systematically for different forms of “Hidden” Order , derived either from correlations between classical order parameters which could even be vanishing due to quantum fluctuations or from external ac drive fields. Quantum multicritical points where different forms of order simultaneously appear near zero temperature will be considered with special attention to the effects of Entanglement between mesoscopic quantum variables associated with the multiple orders. Finally, we will examine the consequences of Resonant level crossings for symmetry-restoring modes associated with different orders.

Mots-clés : quantum criticality,non linear dynamic,tensor order,free electron laser,multiferroics
Projet ERC : HERO (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Synergy grants)
Entité participante : Stockholm University — Pays : Suède — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2499943.75 €

Knowledge of the electronic band structure and a key low energy degree of freedom, chosen from a short list including charge, spin, free electrons and atomic positions, characterizes most crystalline solids with astonishing success. This paradigm underpins not only metallic and insulating behavior, but also superconductivity, the fractional quantum Hall effect and Mott physics where the efficient theoretical approach is always to consider many-body physics only for a single low energy degree of freedom. While much research even over the last 20 years has validated this paradigm, e.g. for graphene, there are examples of quantum matter where it seems to break down, most notably transition metal oxides which host what appear to be many “key” low energy degrees of freedom (order parameters) and even the quasiparticles in the “normal” metallic states do not always behave as ordinary electrons in metals. Our contention is that the truly important degrees of freedom are not awaiting discovery, but rather that the key property of many of these systems is that there are several key degrees of freedom. HERO aims to go beyond the state of the art in accounting for systems with multiple order parameters by considering all of the possibilities offered by quantum mechanics, and taking advantage of exceptional experimental and computational tools such as free electron lasers. We will search systematically for different forms of “Hidden” Order , derived either from correlations between classical order parameters which could even be vanishing due to quantum fluctuations or from external ac drive fields. Quantum multicritical points where different forms of order simultaneously appear near zero temperature will be considered with special attention to the effects of Entanglement between mesoscopic quantum variables associated with the multiple orders. Finally, we will examine the consequences of Resonant level crossings for symmetry-restoring modes associated with different orders.

Mots-clés : quantum criticality,non linear dynamic,tensor order,free electron laser,multiferroics