Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : BRAINSYNC (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Complexity
Entité participante : Max Planck Society — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : MPG
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1500000.0 €

Synchronization of brain rhythms to the rhythms of sounds is a foundational mechanism for auditory perception. However, we know very little about why brain–environment synchrony might fail, leading to auditory perception problems like impaired speech comprehension that negatively impact quality of life. The proposed research program fills this knowledge gap in three stages: 1) Predicting auditory perception, and individual differences thereof, from the fit between neural dynamics and environment; 2) Perturbing the relationship between brain and environment to experimentally test the limits of and protective factors for brain–environment synchronization; 3) Translating gained knowledge to understand age-related dysfunctions in brain–environment synchrony and auditory perception. Stage 1 uses behavioural and neural properties of neural oscillators – brain regions and networks that generate rhythmic neural activity – to predict individual differences in brain–environment synchronization. Stage 2 assesses when and why auditory perception fails, and how auditory perception might be insulated by good brain–environment fit and neural flexibility, by challenging the brain’s ability to adapt to auditory rhythms. Stage 2 has strong potential to provide insight into compensatory listening strategies that may be adopted when neural entrainment is effortful or impossible. Stage 3 places special emphasis on listening difficulties that develop with age, and tests the hypotheses that 1) speech comprehension difficulties stem from reduced neural entrainment in older age, and 2) reduced entrainment for older adults results from age-related changes to neural flexibility. Noninvasive brain stimulation will be used to temporarily remedy these deficits by improving brain–environment synchrony. The research program will account for much currently unexplained individual variance in auditory perception, and will inspire novel interventions to support auditory perception in advancing age.

Mots-clés : neural oscillations,neural entrainment,auditory perception,rhythm perception
Projet ERC : ZEOSEP (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : Universidad Pablo de Olavide — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UPO
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 100000.0 €

Syngas is traditionally used in industry for production of fuels in the kerosene, gasoline and diesel range via Fischer-Tropsch, for the manufacture of bulk chemicals like ammonia, methanol and dimethyl ether and for synthesis of a whole array of fine chemicals. The hydrogen /carbon monoxide ratio of the syngas is an important design variable to maximize production of these compounds. Therefore, the search of effective processes that enable said ratio adjustment as well as individual compound purification is an essential and ongoing effort for industry. The Proof of Concept that we propose is the development of a zeolite-based separation process to obtain carbon dioxide-neutral fuels and chemicals. The process that we plan to design is based on gas uptake and release, combining separation efficiency with low separation costs. Our approach consists of three main steps: identification of the optimal zeolite structure; validation with experiments and initiation of commercialization by developing a Business Case. For the technical testing, we will use the research knowledge developed within the ERC-RASPA project, and the resulting process will be validated for the separation of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and oxygen resulting from plasma-assisted dissociation of the former gas into the others. The competitive analysis, business case and commercialization will be performed with the Company Traxxys Innovation and Sustainability as a partner. End user companies and equipment manufacturers such as Bronswerk (NL) and Hidralia (Sp) have expressed their interest in the idea.

Mots-clés : zeolites,adsorption,separation,syngas,carbon dioxide neutral fuels,carbon dioxide neutral chemicals,fischer tropsch,watergas shift,partial oxidation,surface process,methanol,ammonia,diesel
Projet ERC : ZEOSEP (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : Akse hendrik — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : Nicolaas
Type d'entité : Organismes privés (hors enseignement)
Financement ERC de l'entité : 50000.0 €

Syngas is traditionally used in industry for production of fuels in the kerosene, gasoline and diesel range via Fischer-Tropsch, for the manufacture of bulk chemicals like ammonia, methanol and dimethyl ether and for synthesis of a whole array of fine chemicals. The hydrogen /carbon monoxide ratio of the syngas is an important design variable to maximize production of these compounds. Therefore, the search of effective processes that enable said ratio adjustment as well as individual compound purification is an essential and ongoing effort for industry. The Proof of Concept that we propose is the development of a zeolite-based separation process to obtain carbon dioxide-neutral fuels and chemicals. The process that we plan to design is based on gas uptake and release, combining separation efficiency with low separation costs. Our approach consists of three main steps: identification of the optimal zeolite structure; validation with experiments and initiation of commercialization by developing a Business Case. For the technical testing, we will use the research knowledge developed within the ERC-RASPA project, and the resulting process will be validated for the separation of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and oxygen resulting from plasma-assisted dissociation of the former gas into the others. The competitive analysis, business case and commercialization will be performed with the Company Traxxys Innovation and Sustainability as a partner. End user companies and equipment manufacturers such as Bronswerk (NL) and Hidralia (Sp) have expressed their interest in the idea.

Mots-clés : zeolites,adsorption,separation,syngas,carbon dioxide neutral fuels,carbon dioxide neutral chemicals,fischer tropsch,watergas shift,partial oxidation,surface process,methanol,ammonia,diesel
Projet ERC : LUPUSCARE (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens — Pays : Grèce — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : BRFAA
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2355000.0 €

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous disease whereby an interplay of environmental, genetic and epigenetic factors lead to perturbation of complex biological networks culminating into diverse clinical phenotypes of varying severity. High throughput methods have allowed an “initial glimpse” into pathogenesis and have laid the foundations for a molecular-based taxonomy for personalized therapy. Based on our experience with the molecular characterization of SLE, a recently completed RNA sequencing analysis of 150 patients, and our track- record of “paradigm shift” trials in SLE, we will integrate data from multi-tissue analyses with novel technologies to improve its diagnosis, monitoring and therapy, and ask fundamental pathogenetic questions in systemic autoimmunity. More specifically, we will design gene expression panels and “expression profile”/”clinical trait” correlation matrices for diagnostics, personalized immunotherapy and improved clinical trial design. In a systematic multi-tissue approach, we will examine the role of somatic mutations in enhancing immune hyperactivity and the risk for lymphoma. The staggering (7-9:1) female predominance will be elucidated through elaborate genomic, epigenomic and microbiota analyses of family trios. Finally, we will be pursuing the innovative hypothesis that the fundamental abnormalities of SLE lie within the bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) - from which all cells that participate in the pathogenesis of SLE originate - and establish it as a unifying pathogenetic mechanism. By a combination of novel experimental analyses with single cell genomics, multi–omics, humanized animal models, genome editing and an “organ on-a-chip” device, we will validate HSCs as a therapeutic target. The utility of SLE research extends beyond its boundaries, by providing unique insights as to how the immune system recognizes self-constituents and maintains its homeostasis, and how gender impacts on disease biology.

Mots-clés : autoimmunity,genomics,molecular taxonomy,epigenetics,personalized therapy
Projet ERC : T-CUBE (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Physical and analytical chemical sciences
Entité participante : KU Leuven — Pays : Belgique — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : KUL
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1495205.0 €

T-CUBE aims at the theoretical modeling of chemistry involving the continuum. Traditionally, chemistry has been concerned with electrons that remain bound to the nuclei during a reaction. However, in many settings that deal with X rays or plasma, electrons can enter and leave the system; they are unbound. Most theoretical approaches for unbound electrons are not applicable to extended systems in complex environments. As a consequence, pathways and product distributions of processes such as dissociative electron attachment and Coulomb explosion are poorly understood. This hinders progress in laboratory and technology: The electron is a simple and versatile catalyst, but corresponding applications are still in an infant stadium. T-CUBE seeks to overcome these limitations. Often, unbound electrons can be described by resonances, electronic states with complex-valued energy. In recent years, I contributed to advancing this approach significantly. Small molecules in gas phase can now be described with an accuracy that allows for quantitative comparison to experiment. Here, I propose to investigate the chemistry of unbound electrons in larger molecules and condensed phase, for example, in solutions, polymeric networks, and biomolecules. Aspects that we will address include: energetics and character of resonances in different environments, resulting changes in chemical reactivity, and the interplay of nuclear motion and electron loss. To achieve these goals, quantum chemistry for electronic resonances needs to be advanced substantially. We will develop electronic-structure methods suitable for over a hundred of atoms, a quantum embedding scheme for describing different environments, and molecular dynamics simulations that take into account electron loss. In addition, we will advance the theory of electronic resonances itself. In exemplary applications, we will investigate phenomena involving dissociative electron attachment, electron transfer, and Coulomb explosion.

Mots-clés : electronic resonances,electron induced chemistry,dissociative electron attachment,coulomb explosion,electronic structure theory,quantum chemistry
Projet ERC : TERRAFORM (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth system science
Entité participante : Trinity College Dublin — Pays : Irlande — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TCD
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2498066.0 €

TERRAFORM will mark a step-change in the investigation of biosphere impacts on the Earth system. It will integrate concepts and rich data sources from contemporary global trait ecology with novel simulated paleo-Earth weathering/decomposition experiments and high-resolution analyses of fossil plant paleotrait data to quantify the terrestrial biosphere’s impact on the carbon, nutrient and hydrological cycles in deep-time. The focus on extensive fossil plant archives spanning three episodes of major environmental and biotic change [Pennsylvanian-Permian glacial interglacial cycles; the Triassic-Jurassic mass extinction; Cretaceous OAEs] will yield insights on plant responses to and effect on other components of the Earth system. TERRAFORM will develop new paleo-trait proxies for fossil plants. TERRAFORM will improve the parameterization and performance of weathering and terrestrial ecosystem models. Ultimately, TERRAFORM will contribute to the discovery of how plants TERRAFORMed the Earth, how plant functional traits evolved over the past 300 million years and it will establish a new methodological framework to extract the full untapped potential data resources from fossil plants. TERRAFORM will increase literacy in Earth System Science among a non-traditional audience through an embedded artist-in-residence programme.

Mots-clés : palaeobotany,palaeontology,trait ecology
Projet ERC : TEXTEVOLVE (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : Cardiff University — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 32684.84 €

TEXTEVOLVE will study the Targums. Targums are Jewish Aramaic paraphrases of the Hebrew Bible. They are important because they provide a unique insight into what Jews believed God was saying to them through their sacred texts at transformative moments in Jewish history, particularly the aftermath of the First Jewish-Roman War (66–74 CE). The state of the art in the study of the Targums is defined by 1) methodology, and 2) the primary sources that are available. TEXTEVOLVE will go beyond the state of the art in both areas. Methodology — We do not possess the author’s original copy of any Targum. Rather, in most cases we have multiple copies preserved in much later manuscripts, all of which differ one from another. Existing methodology aims to reconstruct the earliest possible form of the text. But changes made by later copyists also yield important insights into evolving Jewish culture, theology, and praxis. Therefore TEXTEVOLVE reframes the dominant research question in the field so that neither the importance of the original wording nor the significance of subsequent changes is neglected. It asks: How did the text of the Targums evolve over time and why? TEXTEVOLVE will develop a new methodology, called Evolutionary Philology, that is capable of addressing this core question. It will use techniques from evolutionary biology that have not previously been applied to texts to achieve this. This will have implications across disciplines that work with historical texts. Primary Sources — To ensure the most robust possible dataset, TEXTEVOLVE will expand the pool of primary sources available for analysis. TEXTEVOLVE will find Targum manuscripts that have been ‘lost’ in un-catalogued or poorly catalogued collections, and will analyse for the first time recently discovered manuscripts from the ‘European Genizah’. Since the available primary sources define the boundaries of any discipline, this is the second major way in which TEXTEVOLVE goes beyond the state of the art.

Mots-clés : jewish studies,manuscript studies,targum,aramaic
Projet ERC : THINK DEEP (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : University of London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : U. London
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1940685.0 €

THINK DEEP pioneers a creative practice driven interdisciplinary approach to the underground. It begins from the dual premise that, firstly the underground (or subterranean) is both the site of current environmental concerns (e.g. extraction), and the setting for developing solutions to these concerns. But that secondly, currently we lack approaches that adequately understand the underground, its current use and conservation, and its future possibilities. Underground scholars have long argued that what is needed is an interdisciplinary approach, as yet, however, where interdisciplinarity has been achieved, it has largely brought together science and social science. Unconventionally, THINK DEEP situates creative practices (such as visual art or participatory theatre) together with arts and humanities theories as the cornerstone of an interdisciplinary response to three pressing underground research problems: 1. How to sense the underground, an often inaccessible environment? 2. How to contend with varied underground imaginations, which shape underground understanding, use and conservation? 3. How to understand the speculative nature of ‘knowing’ the underground? It will address these problems through global case studies from three fields of underground research: geoscience, underground urban studies, and geoconservation. Its unconventional ambition enables THINK DEEP to deliver a timely and distinctive new contribution to underground scholarship that will transform the field’s future research directions. Furthermore, the project’s pioneering approach will bring about a step-change in relations between creative practices and research more generally. In understanding and evaluating the creative practice and research relations that sit at its heart, THINK DEEP enables ground-breaking understandings of these relations, and of their profound possibilities with respect to a range of research fields, including those which engage pressing environmental issues.

Mots-clés : cultural geography,underground,arts practice based research,geohumanities
Projet ERC : TRANSNATIONAL (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : European University Institute — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : EUI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2498412.0 €

TRANSNATIONAL seeks to explain a surprising and consequential feature of contemporary democratic politics—the intensity of polarization on immigration, Europe, and climate change. While recent research has made impressive advances in understanding individual attitudes and party-political competition, there is currently no empirically verified theory of how a person’s social context shapes their response to issues that arise on the political agenda. Without such a framework we cannot understand the rising incidence of group solidarity and affective polarization in our societies. TRANSNATIONAL combines insights from the literatures concerned with networks and identity formation to theorize the social contexts in which people respond to major events. This approach provides a micro-social foundation for Lipset & Rokkan’s classic cleavage analysis and offers the prospect of a unified theory of political conflict. TRANSNATIONAL gains inferential leverage in the face of causal complexity by linking national surveys, natural experiments, and semi-structured interviews in three modules. The first module provides a comparative frame by conducting a cross-sectional survey of political attitudes, identities, and digital and face-to-face networks on the transnational divide in six countries. Modules 2 and 3 drill down by devising natural experiments that allow deep investigation of how local populations respond to a specific situational trigger. These are a) spatial proximity to refugee housing; b) the variable effect on UK localities of exit from the EU; c) new climate impact scores that differentially affect rural and urban localities.

Mots-clés : political parties,multi level governance,european integration,radical right parties,globalization,political conflict,immigration,climate change,public opinion,political attitudes,social networks,cleavage politics
Projet ERC : CombaTCancer (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing
Entité participante : Research Institute of Molecular Pathology — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : IMP
Type d'entité : Organismes privés (hors enseignement)
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1500000.0 €

Targeted therapy (TT) is frequently used to treat metastatic cancer. Although TT can achieve effective tumor control for several months, durable treatment responses are rare, due to emergence of aggressive, drug-resistant clones (RCs) with high metastatic competence. Tumor heterogeneity and plasticity result in multifaceted resistance mechanisms and targeting RCs poses a daunting challenge. To better understand the clinical emergence of RCs, my work focuses on the poorly understood events during TT-induced tumor regression. We recently reported that during this phase drug-responsive cancer cells release a therapy-induced secretome, which remodels the tumor microenvironment (TME) and propagates disease relapse by promoting the survival of drug-sensitive cells and stimulating the outgrowth of RCs. Consequently, intervening with combination therapies during the tumor regression period has the potential to prevent the clinical emergence of RCs in the first place. Here, we outline strategies to (1) understand how RCs emerge and (2) to leverage our findings on the TME remodeling for combination therapies. First, we will develop a novel and innovative parental clone-lookup method, that will allow us to identify and isolate treatment-naïve, parental clones (PCs) that gave rise to RCs. In functional experiments, we will assess (i) whether PCs were already resistant before or developed resistance during TT, (ii) whether PCs have a higher susceptibility to develop resistance than random clones, and (iii) the mechanistic basis for metastatic competence in different clones. Second, we will study the TT-induced TME remodeling, focusing on the effects on tumor vasculature and immune cells. We will utilize our results to target PCs and RCs by combining TT in the phase of tumor regression with other therapies, such as immunotherapies. Our study will provide new mechanistic insights into the biological processes during tumor regression and aims for novel therapeutic strategies.

Mots-clés : metastasis,tumor microenvironment,targeted therapy,therapy resistance