Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : EDJ (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : Nicolaus Copernicus University — Pays : Pologne — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UMK
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 33000.0 €

It is a paradoxical situation that with Japan being the third modern economy and Japanese, the main Japonic language, being the 10th in the world in terms of native speakers and the most widely studied Asian language, the Japonic language family still lacks an etymological dictionary. The present research project will rectify this situation. The benefits of an etymological dictionary of Japonic are obvious: not only it will be of a great use to the specialists working on pre-modern Japan and Ryukyuan islands in various disciplines; it will have its impact on modern studies, especially on linguistic identities in East Asia. And offer a new reading of regional linguistic identities The Etymological Dictionary of the Japonic languages has never been compiled, and the time for the realization of such a project is ripe, as it would have been impossible to carry on 30 or 40 years ago, since many important resources available now did not yet exist then such as numerous dictionaries and descriptions of dialects and historical stages of the language development. The same is true regarding the editions of many textual sources and compilation of their indexes. One very important difference with the previous era is also the fact that nowadays many sources are available electronically, which greatly facilitates the search and management of information. This project is highly innovative because it provides a presentation in context based on the extensive use of the IT technology, as compared to the previous research on Japonic etymology which was essentially word-list-oriented. In contrast with the current practice, where only word entries with their translations were provided (and often without any reference to the source), thanks to internet link to database, and cross-referenced entries, the electronic etymological dictionary will present the words in their textual historical and cultural context.

Mots-clés : etymology,japonic,japanese,ryukyuan,ainu,middle and old korean,middle and old,chinese,comparative method
Projet ERC : EDJ (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : University of Auckland — Pays : Nouvelle-Zélande — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UoA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 365000.0 €

It is a paradoxical situation that with Japan being the third modern economy and Japanese, the main Japonic language, being the 10th in the world in terms of native speakers and the most widely studied Asian language, the Japonic language family still lacks an etymological dictionary. The present research project will rectify this situation. The benefits of an etymological dictionary of Japonic are obvious: not only it will be of a great use to the specialists working on pre-modern Japan and Ryukyuan islands in various disciplines; it will have its impact on modern studies, especially on linguistic identities in East Asia. And offer a new reading of regional linguistic identities The Etymological Dictionary of the Japonic languages has never been compiled, and the time for the realization of such a project is ripe, as it would have been impossible to carry on 30 or 40 years ago, since many important resources available now did not yet exist then such as numerous dictionaries and descriptions of dialects and historical stages of the language development. The same is true regarding the editions of many textual sources and compilation of their indexes. One very important difference with the previous era is also the fact that nowadays many sources are available electronically, which greatly facilitates the search and management of information. This project is highly innovative because it provides a presentation in context based on the extensive use of the IT technology, as compared to the previous research on Japonic etymology which was essentially word-list-oriented. In contrast with the current practice, where only word entries with their translations were provided (and often without any reference to the source), thanks to internet link to database, and cross-referenced entries, the electronic etymological dictionary will present the words in their textual historical and cultural context.

Mots-clés : etymology,japonic,japanese,ryukyuan,ainu,middle and old korean,middle and old,chinese,comparative method
Projet ERC : SCALE (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental constituents of matter
Entité participante : University of Copenhagen — Pays : Danemark — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UCPH
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2499981.0 €

It is an outstanding challenge in quantum physics of today to scale small proof-of-concept experimental demonstrations into larger quantum networks. In the last decade, solid-state photonic systems have matured significantly, and an ambitious research project on such scaling seems viable. With the present proposal we intend to take up this challenge and exploit single quantum dots in photonic-crystal nanostructures as a deterministic photon-emitter interface for scalable quantum architectures. The project objectives are threefold. We will explore: 1) Deterministic single-photon sources for quantum simulations, 2) A giant photon nonlinearity for quantum-information processing, 3) The deterministic interfacing of multiple quantum dots. In 1) we will exploit our recently developed deterministic single-photon source to produce a spatially multiplexed array of single photons (prospectively of 10 photons or more). This source will be used for quantum simulations. Area 2) exploits a single quantum dot in a photonic-crystal waveguide as a giant nonlinearity. The quantum dot will be operated either as a passive nonlinear scatterer or actively controlled. The nonlinearity will enable constructing a deterministic CNOT gate for photons or a single-photon transistor. Finally, 3) concerns the coupling of two or more quantum dots by an extended dipole-dipole interaction that is mediated by the photonic-crystal waveguide. The fundamental limits for the size and complexity of such a quantum photonic network will be explored. The present project focus on overcoming the fundamental obstacles that photonic quantum-information processing applications have been suffering from, i.e., probabilistic single-photon emission and weak nonlinearities. The successful accomplishment of the project could elevate quantum photonics to a frontrunner technology for scalable quantum-information processing.

Mots-clés : solid state physics,quantum photonics
Projet ERC : ExoMolHD (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Universe sciences
Entité participante : University of London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : U. London
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2486340.0 €

It is just over two decades since the first extrasolar planet was discovered; we have learnt that such planets are ubiquitous with (nearly?) every star in our local neighbourhood supporting a planetary system. These newly-discovered planets are generally unlike those in our Solar System. Astronomers have taken the first steps in characterising exoplanetary atmospheres through spectroscopy. The advent of new space missions, such as Ariel and WFIRST, and high performance observatories from space and the ground, such JWST and ELTs, allied to new techniques, will begin to answer fundamental questions about the composition, formation and properties of exoplanets through detailed spectroscopic. A prerequisite for advances to be made is the availability of the fundamental atomic and molecular data necessary for interpreting new observations. The unusual conditions found on most known exoplanets, involving elevated temperatures and high fluxes of stellar radiation, means the required data are missing and not readily measurable in the laboratory. The ExoMolHD project will use advanced molecular quantum mechanics allied to novel empirical techniques based on available experimental data to respond to the modern challenges of exoplanetary models and retrievals by providing extensive ``higher definition'' data. ExoMolHD will (a) provide precise wavelengths for key molecules applicable for use in high resolution spectroscopic studies performed by telescopes such as the VLT and ELTs; (b) predict accurate spectroscopic data on key isotopically-substituted species; (c) provide temperature-dependent pressure shifts and pressure broadening parameters; (d) compute photodissociation cross sections and photolysis rates both in and outside thermodynamic equilibrium and (e) develop appropriate database structures, including detailed opacities, k-tables and precomputed atmospheric models. We will act to ensure the widest possible utilisation of the data.

Mots-clés : exoplanet,atmospheric characterisation,laboratory data,molecular physics
Projet ERC : miRCell (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems
Entité participante : Stockholm University — Pays : Suède — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1497650.02 €

It is now becoming apparent that genes are regulated not only by transcription, but also by thousands of post-transcriptional regulators that can stabilize or degrade mRNAs. Some of the most important regulators are miRNAs, short RNA molecules that are deeply conserved in sequence and are involved in numerous biological processes, including human disease. Surprisingly, transcriptomic and proteomic studies show that most miRNAs only have subtle silencing effects on their targets, suggesting additional important, but yet undiscovered functions. Thus the question is raised: if the main function of miRNAs is not to silence targets, what is it? I will test two novel hypotheses about miRNA function. The first hypothesis proposes that miRNAs can buffer gene expression noise. The second hypothesis is inspired by my preliminary results and proposes that miRNAs can synchronize expression of genes. If I validate either hypothesis, it would mean that miRNA functions can be investigated in entirely new ways, yielding important new biological insights relevant to both basic research and human health. However, these hypotheses can only be tested in individual cells, and the necessary single-cell technologies and computational tools are only maturing now. I will apply my expertise in miRNA biology and in combined wet-lab and computational methods to design, develop and apply miRCell-seq to test these two hypotheses in cell cultures and in animals. This new method will for the first time measure miRNAs, their targets, and the interactions between them in single cells and transcriptome-wide. We will use mutant cells devoid of miRNAs and time course experiments to generate sufficient data to develop detailed models of the miRNA impact on their targets. We will then validate our findings with single cell proteomics. This project thus has the potential to reveal novel functions of miRNAs and substantially improve our general understanding of gene regulation.

Mots-clés : mirna biology,single cell functional genomics
Projet ERC : FLEXNEURO (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System
Entité participante : University of Cambridge — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : U. Cambridge
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1299191.0 €

It is now possible to monitor and manipulate neurons in live, awake animals, revealing how patterns of neural activity represent information and give rise to behaviour. Very recent experiments show that many circuits have physiology and connectivity that is highly variable and that changes continually, even when an animal’s behaviour and environment are stable. Existing theories of brain function assume that neural circuit parameters only change as required during learning and development. This paradigm cannot explain how consistent behaviour can emerge from circuits that continually reconfigure, nor what mechanisms might drive variability and continual change. Understanding this deep puzzle requires new theory and new ways to interpret experimental data. I will develop a theory of reconfiguring circuits by significantly generalizing my previous work that uses control theory to show how network activity can be maintained in spite of variability and continual turnover of crucial circuit components. We will analyse how biological plasticity mechanisms steer collective properties of neurons and circuits toward functional states without requiring individual parameters to be fixed, resulting in circuit models with consistent output but variable and mutable internal structures. In close collaboration with leading experimentalists we will challenge these modelling principles to account for new findings which reveal that navigation, sensory percepts and learned associations are underpinned by surprisingly dynamic, variable circuit connectivity and physiology. This will generate new, exciting questions that will drive experiments and theory together: how can known plasticity mechanisms generate reconfigurable neural representations? Do continually reconfiguring networks possess unique functional flexibility and robustness, and are they vulnerable to specific pathologies? And how can we design new experiments to test theories of robust, reconfigurable networks?

Mots-clés : regulatory control of neural circuits and physiology
Projet ERC : CancerHetero (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems
Entité participante : German Cancer Research Center — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : DKFZ
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2000000.0 €

It is now widely accepted that tumors are composed of heterogeneous population of cells, which contribute to many aspects of treatment resistance observed in clinic. Despite the acknowledgment of the tumor cell heterogeneity, little evidence was shown about complexity and dynamics of this heterogeneity in vivo, mainly because of lacking flexible genetic tools which allow sophisticated analysis in primary tumors. We recently developed a very efficient mouse somatic brain tumor model which have a full penetrance of high grade glioma development. Combination of this model with several transgenic mouse lines allow us to isolate and track different population of cells in primary tumors, most importantly, we also confirmed that this can be done on single cell level. Here I propose to use this set of valuable genetic tools to dissect the cellular heterogeneity in mouse gliomas. First we will perform several single cell lineage tracing experiment to demonstrate the contribution of brain tumor stem cell, tumor progenitors as well as the relatively differentiated cells, which will provide a complete data sets of clonal dynamics of different tumor cell types. Second we will further perform this tracing experiment with the presence of conventional chemotherapy. Third we will perform single cell RNA sequencing experiment to capture the molecular signature, which determines the cellular heterogeneity, discovered by single cell tracing. This result will be further validated by analysis of this molecular signatures in human primary tumors. We will also use our established in vivo target validation approach to manipulate the candidate molecular regulators to establish the functional correlation between molecular signature and phenotypic heterogeneity. This project will greatly improve our understanding of tumor heterogeneity, and possibly provide novel approaches and strategies of targeting human glioblastomas.

Mots-clés : brain tumors,single cell tracing,tumor heterogeneity
Projet ERC : ElIonT (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Physical and analytical chemical sciences
Entité participante : University of Bremen — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1943600.0 €

It is undisputed that electrochemistry has a central role in our contemporary society. This is demonstrated by its profound involvement in many aspects of everyday life: from powering portable electronic devices to personal electro-mobility, passing through recycling, waste water treatment, clean energy production, water desalination, personal care, and others. It appears that we have reached the limits of the technological development and no further revolutionary progresses can be achieved without a deeper understanding of the electron- and ion-transfer process at the interface. The objective of this proposal is to achieve a phenomenological modeling of the electron- and ion-transfer processes, by extending the Marcus-Hush theory of the electron transfer to a general kinetic equation based on experimental data. The extended kinetic equation should include and clarify the role of the excess free Gibbs energy on the kinetics of electron- and ion-transfer, as well as the role of the double layer charge (Frumkin effect). A unified theory of charge transfer and transport will be proposed in the frame of the phenomenological theory of transport and of classic and extended irreversible thermodynamics. Since the investigated phenomena are complex and inter-linked, the investigation techniques must seize snapshots of the system during its evolution; this will be done by hyphenating the electrochemical techniques with quartz crystal microbalance, able to measure in real time nanogram mass changes. In order to cover the time-scales necessary to develop the phenomenological theory, we will measure dynamic impedance and differential immitance spectra with a dynamic multi-frequency approach. This is based on perturbing the system with a multi-sine signal and extracting the linear and non-linear current response and mass change. The evaluation of the phenomenological parameters will rely on novel analysis algorithms and on precise modeling of the interface.
Projet ERC : TAIAC (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : Norwegian University of Science and Technology — Pays : Norvège — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : NTNU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1929103.26 €

It is well known that current and future low-emission combustion concepts for gas turbines are prone to thermoacoustic instabilities. These give rise to large pressure fluctuations that can drastically reduce the operable range and threaten the structural integrity of stationary gas turbines and aero engines. In the last 6 years the development of laboratory-scale annular combustors and high-performance computing based on Large Eddy Simulations (LES) have been able to reproduce thermoacoustic oscillations in annular combustion chambers, giving us unprecedented access to information about their nature. Until now, it has been assumed that a complete understanding of thermoacoustic instabilities could be developed by studying the response of single axisymmetric flames. Consequently stability issues crop up far into engine development programmes, or in service, because we lack the knowledge to predict their occurrence at the design stage. However, the ability to experimentally study thermoacoustic instabilities in laboratory-scale annular combustors using modern experimental methods has set the stage for a breakthrough in our scientific understanding capable of yielding truly predictive tools. This proposal aims to break the existing paradigm of studying isolated flames and provide a step change in our scientific understanding by studying thermoacoustic instabilities in annular chambers where the full multiphysics of the problem are present. The technical goals of the proposal are: to develop a novel annular facility with engine relevant boundary conditions; to use this to radically increase our understanding of the underlying physics and flame response, paving the way for the next generation of predictive methods; and to exploit this understanding to improve system stability through intelligent design. Through these goals the proposal will provide an essential bridge between academic and industrial research and strengthening European thermoacoustic expertises.
Projet ERC : GIGSTATS (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Proof of concept grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : University of Oxford — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 150000.0 €

It is widely recognized both in the research literature as well as among policymakers that existing economic statistics are not well suited to measuring work that is transacted entirely digitally via websites and apps (the so-called online gig economy). To address this problem, as part of the ERC-funded research project iLABOUR, we have developed the "Online Labour Index" (OLI), an online gig economy equivalent of conventional labour market statistics. The OLI has already had major international social impact by exposing the geographic and occupational divisions in the otherwise invisible online labour market. But our availability has become a bottleneck for realising its maximum social benefit. Currently, when policy makers, journalists, and other practitioners wish to use the OLI data in their publications, a degree of expert manual work is required to turn the raw data into a suitable form, such as an Excel file comprising easily digestible data on the relevant countries, occupations, and time spans. As a result, in response to the demand from the practitioners, we have ended up performing an unsustainable amount of manual work to help them access the data. Using the resources of the PoC grant, we will: 1) Develop a user-friendly online interface for the OLI that allows practitioners to export Excel files of their desired specification to use in preparing policy reports, journalistic articles, and similar. 2) Establish a partnership with a public organization that will turn the OLI from a research experiment into a public tool that will continue to be available after the end of the iLABOUR research project. 3) Further disseminate the OLI's findings by writing policy reports based on the OLI data in cooperation with selected partners, and 4) Establish a roadmap and funding model for the future development and expansion of the OLI in accordance with practitioner needs.

Mots-clés : online gig economy,platform work,statistics,online freelancing