Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : GREENTEENS (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : Utrecht University — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999349.0 €

The world faces an unprecedented environmental crisis, and human activity is its root cause. This poses a call to action for psychology and the social sciences more broadly. GREENTEENS proposes that our adolescents—a segment of the population whose collective behavior will shape the future of the planet—can play a vital role in creating a more sustainable world. Adolescents, however, are “closet idealists”: As a group, they care about the environment but often fail to act on their concerns. The aim of the proposed research is to develop a new approach to understanding and promoting adolescents’ eco-friendly behavior. It will generate new understanding of what keeps adolescents from engaging in eco-friendly behavior, and devise methods to help youth contribute to a sustainable future for themselves and generations to come. I have developed a new hypothesis for this project: the “Motive-Match Hypothesis”. It casts adolescents’ eco-friendly behavior as driven by their personal motives. Based on the hypothesis, I will design methods to transform the way adolescents construe eco-friendly behavior, from a low-priority chore to an activity that embodies what they deeply care about—developing autonomy and gaining peer status. Building on my international network, I will pursue the research aim using a cross-national investigation involving adolescents (age 12-17) from The Netherlands, Colombia, and China. The project will integrate longitudinal research to understand how adolescents’ eco-friendly behavior develops over time, with experiments to understand how adolescents’ core motives can be harnessed as powerful motivating force for eco-friendly behavior. GREENTEENS will advance the science of adolescent behavior change beyond the state of the art. The payoff of the research promises to be high: It will yield fundamental understanding of what drives adolescents’ eco-friendly behavior and help improve pro-environmental policies targeting millions of youth worldwide.

Mots-clés : eco friendly behavior,psychology,adolescents,behavior change,environmental skepticism
Projet ERC : CANNABODIES (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Complexity
Entité participante : Aarhus University — Pays : Danemark — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : AU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1498192.0 €

The world is in the midst of a cannabis craze. After decades of criminalization, cannabinoids such as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are suddenly everywhere – in new medicines, in the media, and even in food and cosmetics. But how do cannabinoids influence our brain and body? Much of what we currently know about these compounds comes from neurobiological studies of the endocannabinoid system in animals. Additionally, clinical research suggests that cannabinoids offer promising new treatments for mood and affective disorders, addiction, chronic pain and fatigue, and inflammatory illnesses. However, little is known about how these compounds influence the neural or embodied processes which underlie conscious feelings of emotion, pain, or motivation. This not only limits our ability to design effective cannabinoid-based treatments, but also to negotiate the rising influence of cannabis in our society. To address this gap, in this project I will develop a novel interoceptive self-inference framework which explains how cannabinoids alter the neural mechanisms underlying our embodied and affective selves. To do so, I will use a combination of computational modelling, neuroimaging, subjective measures, and physiological recordings to map the influence of cannabinoids on brain-body interaction in four key psychological domains: interoception, emotion, motivation, and pain. This will enable me to reveal the computational mechanisms by which cannabinoids influence each of these domains. Further, by pooling data across all projects, I will deliver the largest single neuroimaging study of cannabinoid mechanisms to date. This project will answer questions such as: what is the computational basis of cannabinoid effects on brain and behavior? Do THC and CBD exert opposing or complementary effects on neural and visceral signals? What are the exact phenomenological effects of these drugs, and do they depend on idiosyncrasies in brain-body dynamics?
Projet ERC : CHAOS-PIQUANT (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental constituents of matter
Entité participante : Imperial College London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1293023.0 €

The world of our daily experiences, described by classical physics, is built out of fundamental particles, governed by the laws of quantum mechanics. The striking difference between quantum and classical behaviour becomes most apparent in the realm of chaos, an extreme sensitivity to initial conditions, which is common in classical systems but impossible under quantum laws. The investigation of characteristic features of quantum systems whose classical counterparts are chaotic has illuminated foundational problems and led to a variety of technological applications. Traditional quantum theory focuses on the description of closed systems without losses. Every realistic system, however, contains unwanted losses and dissipation, but the idea to engineer them to generate desirable effects has recently come into the focus of scientific attention. The surprising properties of quantum systems with balanced gain and loss (PT-symmetric systems) have sparked much interest. The first experiments on PT-symmetry in optics have been identified as one of the top ten physics discoveries of the past decade in Nature Physics. New experimental areas are rapidly emerging. Our understanding of PT-symmetric quantum systems, however, is still limited. One major shortcoming is that the emergence of chaos and universality in these systems is hitherto nearly unexplored. I propose to investigate PT-symmetric quantum chaos to establish this new research area and overturn some common perceptions in the existing fields of PT-symmetry and quantum chaos. Ultimately this will lead to new experimental applications and quantum technologies. Building on recent conceptual breakthroughs I have made, I will a) identify spectral and dynamical features of chaos in PT-symmetric quantum systems, b) establish new universality classes, c) provide powerful semiclassical tools for the simulation of generic quantum systems, and d) facilitate experimental applications in microwave cavities and cold atoms.

Mots-clés : theoretical quantum dynamics,quantum chaos,pt symmetric quantum theories
Projet ERC : UP2DCHEM (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Proof of concept grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : Palacký University, Olomouc — Pays : Rép. Tchèque — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 150000.0 €

The world population is significantly increasing and its reliance on energy-based devices is higher than ever before. This leads to a continuous rise in global energy consumption. Considering that fossil fuel resources are strictly limited and have a detrimental effect on our environment, it is understandable that research focused on sustainable energy resources, coupled with suitable energy storage technologies, attracts an intense interest. In addition, the ever-growing number of electric bikes and cars, portable devices and sensors requires quickly rechargeable, long-life cycle and safe power supply. Supercapacitors belong to the group of energy storage devices that display significant advantages over batteries or fuel cells, such as high-power density, extralong cycle life, and a small size. They can store more energy than conventional capacitors; however, the energy they can store is approximately one order of magnitude lower than that of batteries. The preliminary data show that chemistry of fluorographene, which has been developed in the framework of ERC project 2DCHEM, can lead to efficient synthesis of graphene derivatives having properties suitable for supercapacitor electrode materials. This project aims to deliver the upscaling of an industrially-relevant one-chemical-step novel manufacturing process, based on chemistry of fluorographene, resulting in a supercapacitor electrode material. The as prepared novel covalent graphene derivative enables a significant boost in the gravimetric/volumetric energy density, without sacrificing the rate performance, i.e. power. A significant business opportunity will arise through implementing novel and cost-effective materials and processes.

Mots-clés : graphene derivative,supercapacitor,fluorographene,chemistry
Projet ERC : Water-Futures (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Synergy grants)
Entité participante : Bielefeld University — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2406250.0 €

The world population living in urban settlements is expected to increase to 70% of 9.7 billion by 2050. Historically, as cities grew, new water infrastructures followed as needed. However, these developments had less to do with real planning than with reacting to crisis situations and urgent needs, due to the inability of urban water planners to consider long-term, deeply uncertain and ambiguous factors affecting urban development and water demand. These, coupled with increasingly uncertain climate conditions, indicate the need for a more holistic and intelligent decision-making framework for managing water infrastructures in the cities of the future. This project aims to develop a new theoretical framework for the allocation and development decisions on drinking water infrastructure systems, so that they are socially equitable, economically efficient and environmentally resilient, as advocated by the UN Agenda 2030, Sustainable Development Goals. The framework will integrate real-time monitoring and control with long-term robustness and flexibility-based pathway methods, and incorporate economic, social, ethical and environmental considerations for sustainable transitioning of urban water systems under deep uncertainty with multiple possible futures. The Water-Futures team will build on synergies from the four research groups, transcending methodologies from water science, systems and control theory, economics and decision science, and machine learning, into an integrated decision and control framework, to be implemented as an open-source research toolbox. The new science outcomes will be applied to three case studies exemplifying different types of urban water systems: a mature, relatively stable system; a mature and rapidly expanding system; and a relatively recent supply system in a developing country with high growth and special challenges, including limited resources, intermittent supply and high water losses.

Mots-clés : urban drinking water systems,computational intelligence,hydroinformatics,cyber physical systems
Projet ERC : Water-Futures (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Synergy grants)
Entité participante : University of Cyprus — Pays : Chypre — Rôle : CO-PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UCY
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2719820.0 €

The world population living in urban settlements is expected to increase to 70% of 9.7 billion by 2050. Historically, as cities grew, new water infrastructures followed as needed. However, these developments had less to do with real planning than with reacting to crisis situations and urgent needs, due to the inability of urban water planners to consider long-term, deeply uncertain and ambiguous factors affecting urban development and water demand. These, coupled with increasingly uncertain climate conditions, indicate the need for a more holistic and intelligent decision-making framework for managing water infrastructures in the cities of the future. This project aims to develop a new theoretical framework for the allocation and development decisions on drinking water infrastructure systems, so that they are socially equitable, economically efficient and environmentally resilient, as advocated by the UN Agenda 2030, Sustainable Development Goals. The framework will integrate real-time monitoring and control with long-term robustness and flexibility-based pathway methods, and incorporate economic, social, ethical and environmental considerations for sustainable transitioning of urban water systems under deep uncertainty with multiple possible futures. The Water-Futures team will build on synergies from the four research groups, transcending methodologies from water science, systems and control theory, economics and decision science, and machine learning, into an integrated decision and control framework, to be implemented as an open-source research toolbox. The new science outcomes will be applied to three case studies exemplifying different types of urban water systems: a mature, relatively stable system; a mature and rapidly expanding system; and a relatively recent supply system in a developing country with high growth and special challenges, including limited resources, intermittent supply and high water losses.

Mots-clés : urban drinking water systems,computational intelligence,hydroinformatics,cyber physical systems
Projet ERC : Water-Futures (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Synergy grants)
Entité participante : KWR Water Research Institute — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Autres
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2343305.0 €

The world population living in urban settlements is expected to increase to 70% of 9.7 billion by 2050. Historically, as cities grew, new water infrastructures followed as needed. However, these developments had less to do with real planning than with reacting to crisis situations and urgent needs, due to the inability of urban water planners to consider long-term, deeply uncertain and ambiguous factors affecting urban development and water demand. These, coupled with increasingly uncertain climate conditions, indicate the need for a more holistic and intelligent decision-making framework for managing water infrastructures in the cities of the future. This project aims to develop a new theoretical framework for the allocation and development decisions on drinking water infrastructure systems, so that they are socially equitable, economically efficient and environmentally resilient, as advocated by the UN Agenda 2030, Sustainable Development Goals. The framework will integrate real-time monitoring and control with long-term robustness and flexibility-based pathway methods, and incorporate economic, social, ethical and environmental considerations for sustainable transitioning of urban water systems under deep uncertainty with multiple possible futures. The Water-Futures team will build on synergies from the four research groups, transcending methodologies from water science, systems and control theory, economics and decision science, and machine learning, into an integrated decision and control framework, to be implemented as an open-source research toolbox. The new science outcomes will be applied to three case studies exemplifying different types of urban water systems: a mature, relatively stable system; a mature and rapidly expanding system; and a relatively recent supply system in a developing country with high growth and special challenges, including limited resources, intermittent supply and high water losses.

Mots-clés : urban drinking water systems,computational intelligence,hydroinformatics,cyber physical systems
Projet ERC : POLITICALMIND (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : Bocconi University — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1375869.0 €

Theoretical models and empirical studies in political economy aim at explaining both the beliefs and the choices of voters and politicians, so as to assess their impact on economic policy. In particular, a recent literature has recognized the crucial relevance of the identity of politicians in taking policy decisions and ultimately in shaping the fate of their country (Besley 2005; Jones and Olken 2005). In this project, we will address two neglected elements in the existing literature: the role of political parties as organizational structures that shape political careers (i.e., who gets on top in democracies); and the nature of social preferences, personality traits, and cognitive biases in understanding the beliefs and the choices of both politicians and voters. To make this research agenda operational, we will cover a set of related topics, which will range from the analysis of networks and career trajectories within political parties to the impact of emotions on protests, from the cognitive biases and personality traits of elected officials to the impact of violence on long-term political attitudes, from cognitive dissonance in voting to the contamination between political and judicial elections. From a methodological perspective, the project will tackle these issues empirically by combining the collection of original individual-level datasets (mainly in Italy) with the implementation of design-based identification strategies (Angrist and Pischke 2010). In particular, based on a careful institutional analysis of the topics under investigation, the empirical strategies will range from randomized controlled trials to instrumental variables, from laboratory experiments with elected officials (i.e., taking politicians to the lab) to regression discontinuity designs.
Projet ERC : TheraPanacea (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : TheraPanacea — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Organismes privés (hors enseignement)
Financement ERC de l'entité : 150000.0 €

TheraPanacea seeks to provide digital, innovative, patient-specific, and adaptive radiotherapy treatment planning system. Our objectives are the following: (i) improve the quality of treatment towards increasing the survival rate, while (ii) reducing the side effects towards diminishing the disastrous long term radiation impact and (iii) improving the efficiency of device use towards increasing significantly the number of patients being treated.

Mots-clés : cancer,radiation therapy,treatement planning system,deformable registration,deep learning,adaptive radiotherapy,dose delivery,cumulative dose estimation
Projet ERC : BELIEFS (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : University of Zurich — Pays : Suisse — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UZH
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 46713.75 €

There are large differences in earnings between men and women. Recent work highlights the importance of parenthood for the existence of gender inequality in the labour market. Estimates of the long-run ‘child penalty’, i.e. the impact of having children on women’s relative to men’s earnings, are large and vary substantially across countries. Neither the existence of child penalties nor the striking cross-country variation in child penalties is well understood. BELIEFS will collect a representative dataset of 80,000 individuals in the 28 EU Member States to study the role of several factors in explaining the cross-country differences in child penalties. It will examine the role of (i) beliefs about the benefits/costs to fertility and labour supply decisions, (ii) preferences for having children and for work/leisure, (iii) constraints, and (iv) social norms. BELIEFS will explore different dimensions of heterogeneity and study the individual-level (gender, age etc.) and country-level (labour regulations, family policies etc.) determinants of these factors. It will study whether there are misperceptions of norms and identify whether informing individuals of prevalent social norms shifts their beliefs about the benefits/costs to men/women working and their support for public policies. BELIEFS examines educational, fertility and labour supply decisions in a dynamic life-cycle framework and explores the role of beliefs, preferences, constraints and norms in those decisions. The dynamic framework will also be used to study the role of perceived child penalties in explaining fertility and educational choices. The project is highly ambitious in its scope and it is highly innovative in its combination of research methods. Ultimately, this research agenda will shed light on what drives gender gaps in labour market outcomes as well as which policies may be effective in narrowing these gaps.

Mots-clés : beliefs,gender inequality,child penalties,education,fertility,labour supply
Projet ERC : NoisyAgeing (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems
Entité participante : UK Research and Innovation — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UKRI
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499978.0 €

There are many examples in nature where inter-individual variability in life-history traits is exploited as an adaptive strategy. I and others have shown that inter-individual variability in the longevity pathways –and in particular, in stress response genes- has consequences for genetic/environmental phenotypic robustness as well as for lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans. My main interest is to uncover the causes that explain inter-individual variability in lifespan. The variability across individuals must include an important non-genetic component because the laboratory strains of this nematode are genetically homogeneous. I propose that lifespan variation is a by-product of non-genetic sources of variability in the pathways that control longevity. Strikingly, inter-individual differences in stress responses are transgenerationally transmitted. Transgenerational memory is an adaptive strategy that informs the next generation about the likely environmental cues that will be encountered, and sets patterns of gene expression by the incomplete erasure of chromatin marks in the germline. I hypothesise that transgenerational epigenome inheritance introduces transcriptional variability for genes that influence lifespan. Also, I propose that the probabilistic nature of lifespan is caused by inter-individual differences in the inheritance of longevity genes that set the rate of ageing from early development. Understanding the basis of lifespan variability is crucial for personalised medicine, where not the average population but rather the individual is centre stage. It is equally crucial for the identification of new factors that may have been missed by the analysis of population averages that can have an impact for human ageing and health. More generally, I propose the inter-individual variability in the vertical transmission of transcriptional states as a unifying framework underlying a large class of adaptive phenotypes that vary among individuals.

Mots-clés : ageing,caenorhabditis elegans