Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : ChrIs-cross (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Study of the Human Past
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 808508.5 €

ChrIs-cross will produce the first comprehensive study of Christianities in Jerusalem and the Middle East from the 12th to the 16th c., in the face of shifting rulership structures, first Frankish, then Islamic, and religious affiliations. It will envisage them from a bottom-up, practice oriented and connected perspective, on the assumption that inter-Christian and Christian-Muslim relations were more conductive to fluidity than to boundary-setting. A multidisciplinary and multilingual team will study a forgotten and so far, inaccessible archive—the archives of the Christian Patriarchates in Jerusalem—and develop an overarching database including interactive maps and editing texts. Open-access metadata will be in English and Arabic. In so doing, it will resituate the history of Christianities within the Islamicate world by reassessing the concept of “minority”, historicise communities’ construction by comparing conquest-induced reconfigurations, with and without a change in religious dominance, and spatialise these processes by examining their interplay, with Jerusalem as a specific urban space in tension with the wider regional area. The project has three main objectives: it aims to address the currently compartmentalised academic study of the diverse Frankish- and Islamic-ruled societies, by shifting the focus of inquiry from the internal history of separate groups to their areas of contact; to empower local Christian communities by documenting their deep-rootedness in these complex societies, and to contribute new knowledge of the diversity of the Islamic-ruled world as a historical reality by expanding digital inclusiveness. By achieving its various objectives, ChrIs-cross will realize what arguably is an unprecedented exploration. It will thus have a major scholarly and social impact, both for the many Christian communities now facing extinction, and for people in the so-called West, which faces an inflation in essentialist discourses on religion.

Mots-clés : eastern christianity christian muslim relations islamicate world middle east jerusalem cross cultural studies social and urban history archival survey
Projet ERC : EDGE (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Texts and Concepts
Entité participante : Université de Bristol — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 93626.0 €

The EDGE project is a philosophical study of the concept of an edge or boundary as it relates to the universe on the largest scale. But what does an edge refer to when the region is the entire universe? Despite widespread use of this boundary, there is little agreement about how to interpret it: some have called it “heuristic”; others “incoherent’; and still others a “law of nature”. There is no unified perspective on the general nature of boundary conditions in physics, and no agreed-upon conceptual foundation for how they apply to the entire universe.  We propose an ambitious but credible programme to overcome this challenging problem. We begin with a classification of the properties, uses, and epistemology of boundaries as they are generally used in physics, from the separation of mind and world to the interaction of two coupled systems, and over a wide range of theories. We then turn to cases in which the boundary of the entire universe plays a substantial role in the frontiers of physics. These threads will form the basis for a general framework for understanding boundaries in physics, establishing shared features as well as the dimensions along which they differ. This will finally allow us to produce the first general analysis of what the edge of the universe means in physics: its ontology, its uses, and how we know about it.  The pay-off of this project is a path-breaking new analysis in philosophy, which establishes a major new account of our universe at its farthest fringes. In physics, it stands to help clarify the pathway for those physicists actively developing the frontiers of science by using boundaries of this kind. More generally, it will establish a novel, accessible account of our place in the universe in comparison to the farthest reaches of our imagination. The ambition of the EDGE project is to produce such an account that is philosophically rigorous, scientifically sound, and still manages to capture a sense of wonder about the cosmos.

Mots-clés : philosophy of science,philosophy of physics,boundary conditions,cosmology
Projet ERC : CONCISE (Horizon Europe, appel 2025, Consolidator grants)
Entité participante : École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne — Pays : Suisse — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : EPFL
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1989960.0 €

Interactive decision-making among multiple entities is critical in modern control systems, such as autonomous vehicle trajectory planning, resource coordination in smart power grids, and collaborative robotics. Safety constraints, including collision avoidance in autonomous vehicles and maintaining supply-demand balance in smart grids, are of paramount importance in these systems. However, ensuring safety remains a significant challenge due to its dependence on agents' coupled actions and stochasticities like unpredictable trajectories of road agents in autonomous driving and variable renewable energy outputs in smart grids.  This research program proposes a framework for ensuring safety and performance for multiagent stochastic dynamic games. Dynamic game theory provides a powerful foundation for addressing interactive decision-making problems. Recent advances in artificial intelligence, particularly in solving complex multiagent problems, have led to the development of scalable algorithms for such decision-making challenges. However, existing algorithms lack provable performance guarantees when applied to real-world systems with constraints, leaving a critical gap in the field.   The proposed research program addresses this gap by developing a theoretical framework guided by real-world challenges. To achieve this, it proposes to integrate recent breakthroughs in three fundamental fields of stochastic control, game theory and learning theory: safety assurance and control under partial information from stochastic control, characterizing tractable classes of games and ensuring equilibrium efficiency from game theory, and powerful function approximators with provable guarantees from learning theory. To bridge theory and practice, the program verifies the developed algorithms on real-world problems in transportation, power systems, and robotics, utilizing the PI's robotics testbed and ongoing collaborations with the energy sector.  The anticipated outcomes inclu

Mots-clés : stochastic control,multiagent control,safety
Projet ERC : Lighthouse (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : Université de Münster — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Universität Münster
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2436875.0 €

Engineering cell-to-cell communication is fundamental –yet highly challenging– for programming multicellular systems and interfacing living and biomimetic synthetic cells. The problem lies in developing specific communication that is independent of existing chemical signaling and in connecting it to cell behavior. Both the high complexity of intercellular signaling in living cells and the fairly limited capabilities of synthetic cells severely restrict possibilities to engineer communication in and between these two realms. Here, I propose a new nonchemical mode of cell-to-cell communication that operates with light as a signal. I aim to develop sender cells that produce visible light as a signal that corresponding receiver cells respond to. In this light-based communication, the signal will propagate at the speed of light independent of diffusion, will cross optically transparent barriers without the need for membrane transporters, and will allow communication even between physically separated cells. Also, the light signal will be orthogonal of native chemical signals, resulting in high specificity and no cross talk. First, I will establish light-based communication in molecularly defined synthetic cells to decipher the central rules of this new mode of communication. Detailed characterization (light generation, response, distance, dynamics, orthogonality) of light-based communication will provide the framework for later programming of multicellular behavior. Second, I will transplant light-based communication into bacterial and mammalian cells, showing for the first time that communication with light is possible at the cellular level. Last, I will engineer diverse communities of living and synthetic cells with light-based communication showing various behavior, including collaboration, predation, and defense. Ultimately, this will pave the way for an independent, highly modular, nonchemical mode of communication for cellular bionics and cellular bioengineering.

Mots-clés : synthetic cell,artificial cell,bottom up synthetic biology,optogenetics,photoswitchable proteins,reversible,intercellular communication,light,cell signaling,multicellular communities,biomimetic systems,quorum sensing,orthogonal communication,biohybrids,cellular bionics,bioluminescence,giant unilamellar vesicles,luciferase
Projet ERC : SYMSPEC (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental Constituents of Matter
Entité participante : Université de Durham — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999876.0 €

Symmetry is ubiquitous in nature. It is a fundamental concept and organising principle in quantum field theory, the common language of modern theoretical physics. The past few years have witnessed a radical evolution in the notion of symmetry that transcends the paradigm of groups and representation theory and marches into the realm of higher mathematics. This is known as categorical symmetry. The field has experienced a period of rapid discovery and exploration but the underlying mathematical structure remains poorly understood and this hinders progress on the most pressing open problems. Now is the time to take stock of recent developments and establish new mathematical foundations and computational tools in order to take advantage of this unprecedented opportunity to explore novel symmetries and gain new insights into physical systems described by quantum field theory.  The purpose of this research programme is to establish a coherent mathematical framework for categorical symmetry. The research programme introduces and explores the notion of ``categorical spectrum", which compiles topological quantum field theories of all dimensions into a mathematical structure that opens up powerful conceptual and computational advances. This is applied to the exploration of categorical symmetries, 't Hooft anomalies and gapped phases of matter, catalysing a step change in the discovery of new examples and applications.

Mots-clés : symmetries,quantum field theory
Projet ERC : DIONISOS (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : Université de Münster — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Universität Münster
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999750.0 €

In DIONISOS, we aim to develop new analytical relationships for ion- and heat-transport in ionic conductors, and thus heal significant inconsistencies of the current understanding. Currently ion- and heat transport are interpreted as unrelated phenomena; ion transport being based on local jumps, whereas heat transport being mediated by dynamic lattice vibrations called phonons.  Among other studies, my pioneering works in the field of solid ionic conductors (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2018) opened discussions about plausibility-gaps in state-of-the-art concepts, in particular regarding interactions of phonons with mobile ions. Our work has shown that by tailoring the lattice dynamics and vibrational properties of materials, the ionic transport can be affected, which cannot be explained well by current models.  To this end, we propose to analyze both ion- and heat-transport in several representative materials, designed for the purpose, to test our hypothesis that it is not a classical phonon phenomenon, but rather local vibrations, quantized by the diffuson, that dominate the heat and ionic transport in fast ionic conductors.  DIONISOS will thus provide an in-depth fundamental understanding of how local vibrational modes connect thermal to ionic transport, and ideally a new analytical relationship. A unified understanding of thermal transport and ionic transport will pave the way for further research on how local structural phenomena affect global materials properties. In addition, a theory of linking local ionic motion with local thermal motion will be of vast value for the design of high-performance functional materials.

Mots-clés : diffuson thermal transport thermal conductivity ionic conductivity superionic conductors vibrational characterization
Projet ERC : MONTECARLO (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : Université de Münster — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Universität Münster
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1351528.0 €

In a series of relevant real world problems it is of fundamental importance to approximatively compute evaluations of high-dimensional functions. Such high-dimensional approximation problems appear, e.g., in stochastic optimal control problems in operations research, e.g., in supervised learning problems, e.g., in financial engineering where partial differential equations (PDEs) and forward backward stochastic differential equations (FBSDEs) are used to approximatively price financial products, and, e.g., in nonlinear filtering problems where stochastic PDEs are used to approximatively describe the state of a given physical system with only partial information available. Standard approximation methods for such approximation problems suffer from the socalled curse of dimensionality in the sense that the number of computational operations of the approximation method grows at least exponentially in the problem dimension. It is the key objective of this project to design and analyze approximation algorithms which provably overcome the curse of dimensionality in the case of stochastic optimal control problem, nonlinear PDEs, nonlinear FBSDEs, certain SPDEs, and certain supervised learning problems. We intend to solve many of the above named approximation problems by combining different types of multilevel Monte Carlo approximation methods, in particular, multilevel Picard approximation methods, with stochastic gradient descent (SGD) optimization methods. Another chief objective of this project is to prove the conjecture that the SGD optimization method converges in the training of ANNs with ReLU activation. We expect that the outcome of this project will have a significant impact on the way how highdimensional PDEs, FBSDEs, and stochastic optimal control problems are solved in engineering and operations research and on the mathematical understanding of the training of ANNs by means of the SGD optimization methods.

Mots-clés : information based complexity,ibc,computational stochastics,monte carlo method,multilevel monte carlo method,numerical analysis,partial differential equation,pde,backward stochastic differential equation,bsde,stochastic optimal control,stochastic partial differential equation,spde,stochastic gradient descent,sgd,machine learning,artificial neural network,ann
Projet ERC : DISACT (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Université de Chypre — Pays : Chypre — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1840209.0 €

DISACT will investigate the logic of the crime of disappearances in repressive and (post)conflict settings. Even though combatants have always gone missing on the battlefield, the purposeful disappearance of people is a relatively recent phenomenon. Around 1,000 people now disappear daily, with high levels of public attention to the phenomenon, yet we know relatively little about the historical origins of the crime, the rationale for violent (state and non-state) actors to deploy it, or the processes underpinning its international diffusion. In answering these questions, the project will draw on in-depth analysis of six carefully selected cases, each geared towards documenting a different stage or thematic manifestation in the historical evolution of disappearances. First, DISACT will use archival sources to examine how disappearances emerged in the context of the French colonial counterinsurgency in Algeria (1954-1962). It will then draw on rich ethnographic evidence of violence in Cyprus (1955-1974) to shed light on the logic of the crime in conflict settings. Next, DISACT will investigate the hitherto unexplored role of illiberal intergovernmental organizations in facilitating regional diffusion by analysing the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) in Eurasia (2005-2020). Finally, the project will innovate methodologically by using forensic evidence to uncover the strategic logic of selective removal of remains of victims from original grave sites, comparing the experiences of Cyprus, Chile, and Bosnia. This comparative, interdisciplinary, and multimethod project will blend ethnographic, forensic, legal, and archival evidence to enrich the understanding of one of the most complex human rights violations of our time. Understanding the motives driving disappearances could identify the unexamined and interlinked dynamics of state repression, colonialism, violent conflict, and post-conflict accountability.
Projet ERC : URANUS (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Human Mobility, Environment, and Space
Entité participante : Université de Chypre — Pays : Chypre — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999938.0 €

Inefficient management of urban mobility leads to congestion with several socioeconomic and environmental adverse effects. Despite numerous research efforts and deployed technological solutions to address congestion, the problem still persists. One of the main reasons is attributed to the sparsity and low quality of traffic data. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are an emerging, non-invasive, vision-based traffic sensing technology that offers economic viability and fast deployment. UAVs can swiftly and controllably move over disperse locations to capture road traffic data and simultaneously measure multiple traffic parameters. Despite these advantages, their applicability has so far been limited to occasional surveillance of road networks for live video monitoring or the extraction of historical traffic data. URANUS proposes real-time, dynamic, and continuous UAV-based sensing of vehicular and pedestrian traffic and the use of the collected information for UM management. The envisioned paradigm features: (a) intelligent spatiotemporal sampling from UAVs, (b) the generation of complete spatiotemporal measurement sets with quantified uncertainty, (c) the development of suitable methodologies to 'close the loop', by jointly controlling the urban mobility (UM) and UAV networks for enhanced UM performance, and (d) the strategic selection of measured parameters. In this context, URANUS will design a solid framework for real-time urban mobility management targeting both vehicular and pedestrian traffic. The developed framework will include UM monitoring, UM control, and UAV operational planning methodologies, exploiting the unique URANUS sensing characteristics. Success of this project will transform our understanding of joint optimization between sensing, monitoring, and control, not only in UM management but also in other UAV-centric fields such as air pollution monitoring.

Mots-clés : intelligent transportation systems,real time,uav based sensing,traffic monitoring,traffic control
Projet ERC : RAPTOR (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Universe Sciences
Entité participante : Société Max-Planck pour le développement des sciences — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Société Max Planck
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2131233.0 €

Recent multi-wavelength observations disclosed a groundbreaking discovery—an accreting giant planet surrounded by a circumplanetary disk within the gap of the young circumstellar disk PDS 70. We now witness planet formation, one of the forefront themes in modern astrophysics, in action. With over 5,000 detected planetary systems, we have learned that nearly every star in our galaxy hosts at least one planet. The crucial insight into how these planets form lies in the conjunction of theoretical studies and observations of magnetized dusty accretion disks - rotating masses of gas and dust around freshly formed stars. Global magneto-hydrodynamical disk models reveal gas evolution, characterizing the accumulation of sub-micron grains and concentration of pebbles. Models with embedded planets and improved thermodynamics showcase the gap and ring structure formation. However, modeling both becomes essential when focusing on the scales of young planets. Which physical process determines the mass budget the planets can accrete? Many observed exoplanetary systems, such as TRAPPIST-1, show a distinct mass limit of several Earth masses. What prevents dust pebbles from further accreting onto these super-Earths? What is the role of the envelope and circumplanetary disk for giant planets’ gas and solid material content? Addressing these crucial questions requires a new class of models that incorporate (1) adaptive mesh refinement for mass tracking near the planet, (2) modeling of magnetic fields from circumplanetary disk scales to the planet, and (3) radiative transfer for comprehensive heating and cooling across all scales, unveiling the envelope and circumplanetary disk formation. The astonishing discoveries underline that the next generation of theoretical models is needed. The RAPTOR project goes beyond explaining the observed structures of planet-forming disks. It will unveil how gas and dust materials build up the planets in detail never reached before.

Mots-clés : radiation magneto hydrodynamical simulations,planet disk interaction,circuplanetary disk,planet formation