Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : BioDisOrder (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Physical and analytical chemical sciences
Entité participante : Imperial College London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 16280.36 €

Heterogeneous biomolecular mechanisms at the surface of cellular membranes are often fundamental to generate function and dysfunction in living systems. These processes are governed by transient and dynamical macromolecular interactions that pose tremendous challenges to current analytical tools, as the majority of these methods perform best in the study of well-defined and poorly dynamical systems. This proposal aims at a radical innovation in the characterisation of complex processes that are dominated by structural order and disorder, including those occurring at the surface of biological membranes such as cellular signalling, the assembly of molecular machinery, or the regulation vesicular trafficking. I outline a programme to realise a vision where the combination of experiments and theory can delineate a new analytical platform to study complex biochemical mechanisms at a multiscale level, and to elucidate their role in physiological and pathological contexts. To achieve this ambitious goal, my research team will develop tools based on the combination of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and molecular simulations, which will enable probing the structure, dynamics, thermodynamics and kinetics of complex protein-protein and protein-membrane interactions occurring at the surface of cellular membranes. The ability to advance both the experimental and theoretical sides, and their combination, is fundamental to define the next generation of methods to achieve our transformative aims. We will provide evidence of the innovative nature of the proposed multiscale approach by addressing some of the great questions in neuroscience and elucidate the details of how functional and aberrant biological complexity is achieved via the fine tuning between structural order and disorder at the neuronal synapse.
Projet ERC : CARINE (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Condensed matter physics
Entité participante : European synchrotron radiation facility — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : ESRF
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 81250.0 €

Heterogeneous catalysis of nanoparticles has recently emerged as highly promising way to speed up catalytic processes due to their far higher surface area compared to bulk materials. But they face significant challenges in achieving high catalytic activity and sufficient durability. A key problem has been that all existing approaches to the characterization of atomic scale phenomena in these materials either lack structural specificity or can be employed under highly unrealistic catalytic environments. As an example, operando x-ray catalysis has often been carried out under idealized conditions and averaging information from macroscopic facets. This approach suffers from the lack of transferability to nanocrystalline systems. To tackle this problem, I am developing new state-of-the-art in situ techniques based on coherent x-ray scattering and complementary chemical characterization, with which I will optimize catalyst and reactor operations simultaneously. This is the ambition of the CARINE project to study in situ and operando the structural evolution of catalytic nanoparticles in realistic conditions during reaction by using the unique capabilities of coherent diffraction Bragg imaging (CDI). My proposed work builds on my recent exciting proof-of-concept experiments using Pt nanocrystals that demonstrate the sensitivity and spatial resolution of CDI under liquid conditions. As dedicated instruments for CDI have just reached user operation, it is only now that this new imaging technique can be applied during reaction and can probe structural changes of individual nanocrystals under conditions where up to now, no other techniques could probe the relevant parameters. My project will shed light into most relevant unsolved issues (durability, activity…) that limit the efficiency of today’s industrial processes and will open new horizons with outstanding impact in catalytic research.

Mots-clés : catalysis,strain engineering,surface,interface,defects
Projet ERC : HETEROPOLITICS (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : Nethood — Pays : Suisse — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Autres
Financement ERC de l'entité : 43593.75 €

Heteropolitics is a project in contemporary political theory which purports to contribute to the renewal of political thought on the ‘common’ (communities and the commons) and the political in tandem. The common implies a variable interaction between differences which communicate and collaborate in and through their differences, converging partially on practices and particular pursuits. The political pertains to processes through which plural communities manage themselves in ways which enable mutual challenges, deliberation, and creative agency. Since the dawn of the 21st century, a growing interest in rethinking and reconfiguring community has spread among theorists, citizens and social movements (see e.g. Esposito 2013; Dardot & Laval 2014; Amin & Roberts 2008). This has been triggered by a complex tangle of social, economic and political conditions. Climate change, economic crises, globalization, increasing migration flows and the malaise of liberal democracies loom large among them. These issues are essentially political. Rethinking and refiguring communities goes hand in hand thus with rethinking and reinventing politics. Hence ‘hetero-politics’, the quest for another politics, which can establish bonds of commonality across differences and can enable action in common without re-enacting the closures of ‘organic’ community or the violence of transformative politics in the past. Heteropolitics will seek to break new ground by combining an extended re-elaboration of contemporary political theory with a more empirically grounded research into alternative and incipient practices of community building and self-governance in: education; the social economy; art; new modes of civic engagement by young people; new platforms of citizens’ participation in municipal politics; network communities, and other social fields (Relevant cases include Sardex, a community currency in Sardinia; Barcelona en Comú, a citizens’ platform governing the city of Barcelona, etc.)

Mots-clés : community,commons,the political,infrapolitics,heteropolitics
Projet ERC : HETEROPOLITICS (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : Aristotle University of Thessaloniki — Pays : Grèce — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 629749.75 €

Heteropolitics is a project in contemporary political theory which purports to contribute to the renewal of political thought on the ‘common’ (communities and the commons) and the political in tandem. The common implies a variable interaction between differences which communicate and collaborate in and through their differences, converging partially on practices and particular pursuits. The political pertains to processes through which plural communities manage themselves in ways which enable mutual challenges, deliberation, and creative agency. Since the dawn of the 21st century, a growing interest in rethinking and reconfiguring community has spread among theorists, citizens and social movements (see e.g. Esposito 2013; Dardot & Laval 2014; Amin & Roberts 2008). This has been triggered by a complex tangle of social, economic and political conditions. Climate change, economic crises, globalization, increasing migration flows and the malaise of liberal democracies loom large among them. These issues are essentially political. Rethinking and refiguring communities goes hand in hand thus with rethinking and reinventing politics. Hence ‘hetero-politics’, the quest for another politics, which can establish bonds of commonality across differences and can enable action in common without re-enacting the closures of ‘organic’ community or the violence of transformative politics in the past. Heteropolitics will seek to break new ground by combining an extended re-elaboration of contemporary political theory with a more empirically grounded research into alternative and incipient practices of community building and self-governance in: education; the social economy; art; new modes of civic engagement by young people; new platforms of citizens’ participation in municipal politics; network communities, and other social fields (Relevant cases include Sardex, a community currency in Sardinia; Barcelona en Comú, a citizens’ platform governing the city of Barcelona, etc.)

Mots-clés : community,commons,the political,infrapolitics,heteropolitics
Projet ERC : EMERGE (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Universe sciences
Entité participante : University of Vienna — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Univie
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1497805.0 €

High-mass stars drive the physical and chemical evolution of the Universe. However, the origin of these massive objects is largely controversial. Three key questions remain under debate: a) Which physical processes determine the formation of high-mass stars? b) How do these stars get their large masses? c) Do high-mass stars form in a similar way to their low-mass counterparts? Galactic surveys link the origin of high-mass stars to the initial properties of their gas embryos. Using the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA), I recently proved the existence of a new and fundamental filamentary organization of the gas within the Orion Nebula, the nearest high-mass star-forming region. After leading this key discovery, I propose to investigate the formation of high-mass stars as an emergent process in complex systems. In this novel scenario massive stars are created naturally by the internal interactions within networks of filaments of increasing density. To fully characterize this ground-breaking approach, this project will carry out the first systematic study of (1) the substructure, (2) internal interactions, and (3) dynamical evolution of these filamentary systems across the Milky Way. EMERGE will survey a homogeneous ALMA sample of >30 massive filamentary networks, the largest of its kind, extracted from the first intensive exploitation of its public archive. These observational results will be tested against state-of-the-art simulations using a new generation of analysis tools. The ultimate goal of this project is to statistically quantify how unique multi-scale phenomena generated in these filamentary systems, such as collisions, mergers, and self-gravity, determine the initial conditions for the formation of high-mass stars. This ERC-StG project will solve a current challenging dichotomy in star-formation theory. In combination with low-mass studies, EMERGE will provide a major step towards a comprehensive model of star-formation under one filamentary paradigm.

Mots-clés : star formation,filaments,fibers,clusters,high mass,low mass,cores,molecular lines,observations,alma
Projet ERC : CORTIGRAD (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Complexity
Entité participante : University of Oxford — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 888326.42 €

Historically, cognitive neuroscience has focused on discrete, mutually exclusive modules or networks, however, current network-level descriptions of brain organization fail to account for integrated features of cognition. I recently described a principal gradient in cortical connectivity that reflects how activity from primary sensory/motor areas is integrated into transmodal regions of the default-mode network. This novel line of research led me to hypothesize that coherent aspects of cognition are an emergent property of a whole brain architecture consisting of multiple zones of integration. In particular, I hypothesize that each region of transmodal cortex is the apex of a zone of integration that is anchored by multiple unimodal cortical regions. To investigate the mechanism that allows abstract representations to form in transmodal systems, I first propose structural studies to investigate covariance in zone geometry across healthy adults, how zones have emerged through evolution and how they change across the lifespan. I will then explore the functional consequence of zones of integration for higher-order human cognition. I will examine if individual differences in cognition emerges from variation in the architecture of different zones, and how brain activity is altered when simple decisions depend on integrating information from multiple zones. Finally, I will examine how the absence of input from a sensory modality (through congenital deafness or blindness) alters the structure and function of transmodal regions in a zone-specific manner. By describing how the spatial layout of the cortex shapes its functions, this research provides a radically new framework for understanding the structural constraints that underpin the integrated nature of human cognition.

Mots-clés : functional connectivity,cortical anatomy,cortical gradients
Projet ERC : 3D-loop (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499779.0 €

Homologous recombination (HR) is a conserved DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) repair pathway that uniquely uses an intact DNA molecule as a template. Genome-wide homology search is carried out by a nucleoprotein filament (NPF) assembled on the ssDNA flanking the DSB, and whose product is a “D-loop” joint molecule. Beyond accurate DSB repair, this capacity of HR to spatially associates homologous molecules is also harnessed for homolog pairing in meiosis. The goal of “3D-loop” is to tackle two long lasting conundrums: the fundamental homology search mechanism that achieves accurate and efficient identification of a single homologous donor in the vastness of the genome and nucleus, and how this mechanism is adapted for the purpose of homologs attachment in meiosis. I overcame the main hurdle to study these core steps of HR by developing a suite of proximity ligation-based methodologies and experimental systems to physically detect joint molecules in yeast cells. It revealed elaborate regulation controlling D-loop dynamics and a novel class of joint molecules. This proposal builds upon these methodologies and findings to first address basic properties of the homology sampling process by the NPF and the role of D-loop dynamics, with the long-term goal to establish a quantitative framework of homology search in mitotic cells (WP1). Second, the meiosis-specific regulation of homology search leading to homolog pairing likely integrates chromosomal-scale information. Genome re-synthesis and engineering approaches will be deployed to (i) achieve a quantitative and dynamic cartography of the cytological and molecular events of meiosis over a large chromosomal region, (ii) probe cis-acting regulations at the chromosomal scale, and (iii) revisit the molecular paradigm for crossover formation (WP2). We expect this project to shed light on the fundamental process of homology search and its involvement in the chromosome pairing phenomenon lying at the basis of sexual reproduction.

Mots-clés : dna recombination,meiosis,genome maintenance
Projet ERC : RDRECON (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : Copenhagen Business School — Pays : Danemark — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CBS
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1461881.0 €

Households are exposed to a wide array of monetary and non-monetary risks: employment risk, financial risk, interest rate risk, and health and mortality risk, to name a few. Society and policymakers can certainly help households manage risk, but to be effective, they need to understand the ways households cope with risk and how vulnerable they are to market and policy changes. For instance, how do households react to bank defaults and market failures? How personal do these experiences have to be for households to change behavior? And how permanent are the changes in behavior? The goal of the proposed research program is to understand how personal and market experiences affect financial decisions made by households, such as savings behavior, portfolio allocation, borrowing decisions, mortgage choices, and pension savings. RDRECON combines theory and evidence with an empirical research strategy that is comprised of both natural and field experiments. The theoretical component models how households make decisions. The empirical component uses both econometric and experimental methodologies to study actual household behavior across a range of economic and financial margins, as well as the influence of personal and market experiences on a household’s financial choices. RDRECON’s strength and path-breaking innovation is its combination of administrative register data and controlled field experiments to form treatment and control groups of interest which allow empirical identification of theoretical predictions. This approach puts theory to work and overcomes the limits of identification in natural experiments. To this end, RDRECON will further our understanding of how households respond to personal and market experiences, and provide helpful insights for policy makers.

Mots-clés : personal experience,field experiment,household finance
Projet ERC : LiquidHouseCycle (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : University of Bonn — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1277830.0 €

Households face large idiosyncratic income risks and use their wealth to self insure. In doing so, they make portfolio choices we can summarize grosso modo as choices between liquid (safe and nominal) and illiquid (risky and real) assets. These choices have the potential to create strong aggregate repercussions as investments in real assets create an immediate demand for goods, while liquid nominal savings only when someone else uses the funds to invest or consume. As a result, portfolio choices are key for economic dynamics and important for the propagation of monetary and fiscal policy. Moreover, household portfolio positions and the liquidity of assets itself become an important determinant of aggregate savings and investment. Yet, they are widely disregarded in standard business cycle models today. The proposed research therefore develops a novel framework that allows us to understand this nexus--a framework that studies business cycles, household portfolios, income risks, and asset liquidity in unison. This new framework allows us to address a wide array of important macroeconomic questions of our time: how wealth inequality and stabilization policies interact, how monetary policy redistributes, how a housing freeze can create a recession as big as the last one, and finally, why crises are particularly severe in times of high household debt. To develop this framework, empirical and theoretical work has to go hand in hand: First, I document the historical movements in the distribution of household (and firm) portfolios to understand how and whose portfolio positions change over the cycle and in response to shocks. Second, I document the cyclical movements in asset liquidity. Third, I develop a theoretical framework that allows us to understand the implications of changes in asset liquidity in a setup with incomplete markets and nominal rigidities. Finally, I make liquidity fluctuations endogenous and augment the model with a structure of overlapping generations.

Mots-clés : macroeconomics,business cycles,household portfolios,liquidity,incomplete markets,income risks,inequality
Projet ERC : NEUROFLIES (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System
Entité participante : University of Lausanne — Pays : Suisse — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UNIL
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2327547.0 €

How animals’ extraordinarily diverse behaviors have evolved is unknown. Relating interspecific behavioral differences to anatomical or physiological distinctions in neural circuits, and causal genetic variation, offers a powerful approach to inform how nervous systems develop, function and change. Understanding behavioral and nervous system evolution requires deep investment in select species. We propose to establish a new model neurogenetic system: Drosophila sechellia, an island endemic that is closely related to D. melanogaster and D. simulans. While D. sechellia retains global genomic and superficial morphological similarity to its cosmopolitan generalist cousins, this species has adapted to a unique ecological niche, using Morinda fruit as a sole host for feeding and breeding. The project has three aims: Aim 1. Establishment of a D. sechellia (neuro)genetic toolkit: we will build essential genetic reagents for generation and maintenance of animals of desired genotypes, for neurogenetic manipulations, and for recombination mapping-based approaches. Aim 2. Behavioral, neuroanatomical and molecular phenomics: systematic comparison of D. sechellia, D. simulans and D. melanogaster for their behaviors, their neuroanatomy and their neuro-molecular expression properties will reveal how D. sechellia has adapted to its niche, and will provide multiple entry-points to relate molecular, neuronal and behavioral differences between these species. Aim 3. Defining the genetic basis and functional significance of a neuronal adaptation in D. sechellia: through high-resolution mapping and allele swap approaches, we will identify the causal genetic changes underlying a neural adaption in D. sechellia, and its physiological and behavioral significance. This project will establish a powerful new model system for evolutionary neuroscience (and many other fields) and provide fundamental insights into the origins and mechanisms of nervous system and behavioral diversification.