Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : OPENFLUX (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : University of Oslo — Pays : Norvège — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UiO
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1987231.0 €

In this project, we will use social modifications of heritability as measurement devices for assessing how social conditions shape opportunity structures, and how human potential is either constrained or enabled. Major themes in family demography and social stratification such as equality of opportunity in the age of mass education, changing family structures in the 20th century, development of life courses and careers, and intergenerational transmission processes all motivate an important role for human genetics. Up to recently, little of these efforts have directly engaged with genetic research. A common criticism of genetic methods is that they are silent on social context and environmental interactions. We turn these criticisms into tools, by assessing how genetic effects vary across contexts and environments. First, we study social change across cohorts, as influential theory suggests heritable dispositions will increase in importance when opportunity structures expand or social norms are in flux. We will test these ideas on the recent decades of family and fertility changes, and the expanding opportunity structures in education and labor markets. Second, we ask whether genetic and environmental influences on social stratification and family demographic outcomes change over the life course as the consequences of individual choice and social structures accumulate. Third, we will examine the similarity in outcomes of parents and their offspring from a genetically informed standpoint. A synergy combining state-of-the-art techniques from molecular and behavior genetics with high-quality population register data and strong theorization and measurement of socio-environmental factors from the social sciences is highly innovative cross-fertilization of research that will yield major new insights.
Projet ERC : MMDYNASYS (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : University of Groningen — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : RUG
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2499524.0 €

In this proposal the unique properties of unidirectional light driven molecular rotary motors will be built upon to achieve dynamic control of function and develop responsive systems with a particular focus on systems in water. Light-driven molecular rotary motors are distinct from the majority of molecular switches, as they allow sequential access to multiple functional states in a responsive system through non-invasive stimulation. Importantly, continuous irradiation induces continuous rotary motion which provides a unique opportunity to design dynamic systems and responsive materials that can be driven out-of-equilibrium. The research program is divided in four work-packages: a) chemical and redox driven unidirectional motors; here we will develop processive unidirectional motors that can use (electro)chemical energy in a continuous manner, b) amplification of motion; here rotary motors operate in assemblies to amplify mechanical function over a wide range of length scales. Specifically we will use liquid crystal-water interfaces as a unique platform to control motion and organization. c) dissipative self-assembly: molecular motors offer fantastic opportunities to control self-assembly and drive such systems out-of-equilibrium. We aim at metastable aggregate formation (hydrogels) and the design of amphiphilic motors for responsive self-assembled nanostructures; d)triggering biomolecular function; the goal is to use rotary motors to regulate DNA transcription and ultimately as genuine powering device to control cardiac cell function. In the emerging field of photopharmacology, we take advantage of non-invasive high spatio-temporal control that switching with light provides. The proposed research program is highly challenging but provides the comprehensive effort required to achieve control of complex nanomechanical systems and will opening a bright future for applications ranging from stimuli responsive materials to spatio-temporal control of biomolecular systems

Mots-clés : photochemistry,molecular motor
Projet ERC : SuperSART (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : Goethe University Frankfurt — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 148750.0 €

In this proposal, we would like to advance our high quality and highly flexible multi-purpose three-dimensional tomographic reconstruction algorithm from a state of the art research tool to an innovative commercial software product. Transmission tomography uses N-1 dimensional images to reconstruct an N-dimensional object. It is applicable on a multitude of applications ranging from scientific to industrial level. Our implementation has already proven its superior image reconstruction capabilities for incomplete and low signal-to-noise ratio electron tomography and X-ray microscopy data against the established reconstruction algorithms. In addition, the reconstruction time is reduced to between 50% and 90% compared to other reconstruction methods. Thus, it offers crucial advantages for multi-dimensional image visualization and interpretation, in particular for quantitative information extraction. The primary aim is to bridge different fields using tomography as their common technique and to benchmark our implementation on today's ubiquitous diverse medical and industrial computed tomography, industrial safety scanning, and natural sciences tomography-based data. All of these data share similar characteristics and the same fundamental challenges. Our implementation is based on precise engineering that runs on various processing units such as CPU, GPU, and FPGA boards. The secondary aim is to bring the implementation from academic to industrial level by creating a user interface, optimizing its documentation and usability, and by approaching the target market. The results of this ERC Proof of Concept funding phase shall constitute the basis of licensing agreements in clinical and industrial applications and eventually of the in-licensing of our reconstruction software by tomography suppliers from diverse fields.

Mots-clés : medical tomography,electron tomography,three dimensional reconstruction
Projet ERC : DYMOLAMO (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : Fundació markets, organizations and votes in economics — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Fundació move
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1400250.0 €

In today’s globalized world, labor mobility is at the core of the political debate and a centerpiece for economic policy. The design of migration policies, such as selective, skill-biased, immigration policies, policies to encourage the integration of immigrants, or ones that facilitate geographical mobility to increase labor market opportunities of disadvantaged workers, requires a good understanding of a more fundamental issue: understanding the role of internal migration and immigration in shaping the career paths and human capital accumulation of workers. This project aims at providing a coherent analysis that allows us to understand the interactions between labor mobility and human capital accumulation, and their implications for economic policy design. This project focuses on three main issues: labor mobility, labor market effects of immigration, and the interaction between the two. Our questions are: (a) What are the role of temporary and permanent contracts in shaping career paths and geographic mobility of workers? (b) Does the forgone human capital accumulation during a recession produce a lost generation? Is this alleviated by geographical mobility? (c) What is the role of geographical and occupational mobility in spreading or containing the effects of technological progress on wage inequality? (d) To what extent selective immigration policies maximize native workers’ prospects and wellbeing? (e) How can we increase degree of assimilation of immigrants? To address these questions, we will develop dynamic equilibrium models that explicitly characterize human capital accumulation decisions of workers and how these decisions interact with migration. Our proposed models will introduce rich labor market structures and a variety of economic shocks. They will require the implementation of novel estimation methods, which we will also develop. The estimated models will be used to evaluate and design key economic policies for the labor market.

Mots-clés : migration,human capital,dynamic discrete choice structural models,equilibrium models,conditional choice probability estimation,search,labor markets
Projet ERC : FlowShield (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Proof of concept grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer science and informatics
Entité participante : Chalmers University of Technology — Pays : Suède — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 150000.0 €

In today’s technology-centric world, web applications are a key enabler for many day-to-day activities ranging from online banking to in-vehicle infotainment. These applications have access to a wealth of sensitive information. Unauthorized disclosure and corruption of this information may result in financial damage, privacy violations, and loss of human lives. At the heart of modern web applications lies the *JavaScript* language. When a user visits a web page, JavaScript code from different sources is downloaded into the user’s browser and run *with the same privileges* as if the code came from the web page itself. This implies that to attack a web page, it is sufficient to compromise a third-party code component. Drawing on the technology of *information flow tracking* developed by the PI’s ERC project, FlowShield will provide *an innovative platform for security testing and secure integration* of JavaScript code from different providers. This will enable ICT companies to benefit from the tremendous business opportunities created by third-party services, while providing secure products to their customers. With banking and automotive industries as prime targets, FlowShield will confirm the potential of our security solution by investigating market trends, competitors, Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and business models, while seeking strategic alliances with industrial and innovation actors. The goal is to identify concrete market applications and business models for securing web applications by utilizing the information flow tracking technology. FlowShield will allow ICT companies to benefit from the tremendous business opportunities created by third-party services, while providing secure products to their customers.

Mots-clés : web applications,security,information flow tracking
Projet ERC : BrainCircuit-on-chip (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Proof of concept grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : IRCCS
Type d'entité : Organismes privés (hors enseignement)
Financement ERC de l'entité : 100000.0 €

In vitro cultures of brain cells generate an ease and accessible ensemble of neurons In vitro cultures of brain cells generate an ease and accessible ensemble of neurons which has been invaluable for innumerable cellular and molecular studies. However, brain tissue dissociation and neuronal plating in vitro causes a complete loss of the original connections present into the brain tissue. Therefore, in vitro neuronal cultures do not allow to model specific neuronal circuits and study their specific properties. The same limitation is valid for human stem cell-derived neuronal cell cultures. In fact, several neuronal cell types can be differentiated from human iPS cells (iPSCs), but without any organization in terms of connectivity or synaptic specificity. We have established a microfluidic platform, named BrainCircuit-on-chip, which allows to growth human iPSC-derived neurons with a stereotyped organization and to establish patterned connections between different neuronal cell types. These microchips contain a central chamber where synapses between the two neuronal cell types are generated establishing the correct functional integration between the two neuronal populations. PDMS-microfluidic chambers are transparent and enables high-power and time-lapse imaging in the different neuronal compartments for sub-cellular and molecular studies. Moreover, the design of the central chamber enables to expose the synapses to chemicals or other cells types like astrocytes or microglia to study their effects on a specific class of synapses. We will produce a convenient kit with the frozen human neurons, the microfluidic chamber and a detailed protocol for generating the patterned neuronal circuits for research studies, compound testing and toxicology research.

Mots-clés : microfluidics,organ on chip,stem cells,parkinson s disease,neuronal circuits
Projet ERC : IVFMakeSense (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Proof of concept grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering
Entité participante : Hebrew University of Jerusalem — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : HUJI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 150000.0 €

In vitro fertilization (IVF) treatments are markedly inefficient since a significant fraction of embryos lacks the capacity to implant. Even for successfully implanted embryos, one out of nine clinical pregnancies is terminated due to first trimester miscarriage. In general, embryos that harbor certain chromosomal abnormalities leading to early pregnancy loss often permit “normal preimplantation development” that cannot be detectable via human visualization of time lapse images. Since current state-of-the-art algorithms fail to accurately assess the developmental potential of embryos to reach live birth, reasonable pregnancy rates are obtained by transferring more than one embryo to the uterus. However, multiple pregnancy (of more than one embryo), which account for 30-to-40% of all pregnancies (>95% are twins), are associated with a higher health risk to the mother and to the newborn. Here I propose to develop an embryo-transfer decision-support tool (ET-DST) that will analyze all possible embryo-transfer strategies that include multiple transfer cycles of embryos of the same patient. The ET-DST will identify the transfer strategy that optimizes the potential to reach live-birth and shorten time-to-pregnancy by combining multiple classifiers that evaluate the potential of embryos to implant, assess the risk of miscarriage, and predict the optimal day of transfer. The physician/embryologist will be able to set both embryo-specific parameters and maternal labels as follows: (1) a penalty of multiple pregnancies, (2) a cryopreservation factor that reflects the decrease in embryo quality due to verification and thawing compared with fresh transfer, (3) a maternal factor that reflects the clinical background of the patient, and (4) a penalty of multiple transfer cycles. The integration of patient specific parameters will minimize health risks while optimizing live-birth rates and shortening time-to-pregnancy.

Mots-clés : assisted reproductive technologies,in vitro fertilization,machine learning
Projet ERC : TrackCycle.2P (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : University of Tübingen — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1852298.0 €

In vivo methods to objectively assess retinal physiology are rare among existing imaging techniques. To accelerate the diagnosis of progressive outer retinal disease and the development of treatment before vision is seriously impaired, there is a need for such methods that can quantify visual cycle kinetics in the living eye. Two-photon ophthalmoscopy shows potential to provide new information in this regard paired with microscopic resolution of retinal morphology. The technique can noninvasively track the visual cycle via the transient fluorophore all-trans-retinol in rods and cones separately. In this proposal, we aim to establish two-photon ophthalmoscopy as a method to assess outer retina function and to explore its prospect towards clinical application. An adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope optimized for safe two-photon imaging in the human eye will be developed. With this instrument, we will quantify the visual cycle in rods versus cones in response to stimulation in healthy human subjects. Particularly the cone visual cycle is not yet fully understood and requires further study. Further, the visual experience of subjects exposed to two-photon ophthalmoscopy will be investigated. The technique uses a pulsed laser as imaging source aimed to evoke nonlinear processes in the retina that can potentially be perceived by the subjects. A detailed understanding of these pathways will provide greater insight into the first steps of vision and help to design suitable stimulus paradigms to test visual cycle function. Successful implementation of two-photon ophthalmoscopy in the human eye promises to deepen our knowledge of normal and abnormal visual cycle function and further our understanding of retinal biochemistry in health and disease.
Projet ERC : InInVi (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology — Pays : Suisse — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ETH Zurich
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 85601.96 €

InInVi originates from augmented reality (AR) research within the ERC project VarCity. Our findings from VarCity of highly robust plane tracking combined with state-of-the-art object recognition enables very robust and qualitatively very high augmentations. In this PoC project, we transfer these findings into commercial applications in the live TV production business. Here, mechanical, inflexible solutions dominate to create overlays or AR animations, for instance step sensors to measure the field of view of a camera. As the purely visually operating proof-of-concept technology allows to overcome many of their limitations, e.g. high set-up costs or the assumption of a fixed camera location, it provides new opportunities in video-on-demand, live TV and live streaming.

Mots-clés : tv production,live streaming,augmented reality,camera tracking,object recognition
Projet ERC : InInVi (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : Uniqfeed ag — Pays : Suisse — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : Uniqfeed
Type d'entité : Organismes privés (hors enseignement)
Financement ERC de l'entité : 64274.04 €

InInVi originates from augmented reality (AR) research within the ERC project VarCity. Our findings from VarCity of highly robust plane tracking combined with state-of-the-art object recognition enables very robust and qualitatively very high augmentations. In this PoC project, we transfer these findings into commercial applications in the live TV production business. Here, mechanical, inflexible solutions dominate to create overlays or AR animations, for instance step sensors to measure the field of view of a camera. As the purely visually operating proof-of-concept technology allows to overcome many of their limitations, e.g. high set-up costs or the assumption of a fixed camera location, it provides new opportunities in video-on-demand, live TV and live streaming.

Mots-clés : tv production,live streaming,augmented reality,camera tracking,object recognition
Projet ERC : TopSurgeons (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : Hospices civils de Lyon — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : HCL
Type d'entité : Organismes publics (hors enseignement & recherche)
Financement ERC de l'entité : 750462.56 €

Individual performance of surgeon is a core element of successful surgery that can vary greatly over career for poorly understood reasons. Solutions to optimize physical and mental condition of surgeon during operation have not been thoroughly explored so far, while this may represent basic foundation for delivering high quality surgery. This surgeon-centred outcome research pursues three successive goals: 1-Identifying the key determinants related to surgeon's human factor and operating room organization influencing his/her performance in terms of patient safety and care efficiency; 2-Developing a customized coaching program for surgeons based on the human and organizational factors previously discovered, which includes a charting system for individual parameters and surgical outcomes feedback, profiling of individual surgeon, and standardized modules of improvement; 3-Implementing and measuring the impact of this program on surgical outcomes of a randomized group of surgeons against a control group of non-exposed surgeons. Inspired from previous experiences in the aeronautic and sport arena to improve pilots and athletes performance, our approach will take place in real time at the point of care in close collaboration with front-line personnel. A particular attention will be paid to quantify the influence of several factors that may affect how the surgeon operates every day (physiological stress, sleep quality, physical activities, workload, team composition and unplanned events in operating room). Generated knowledge on these factors will be exploited for identifying deficiencies that, if corrected, could improve surgeon's functional capacity. Solutions to control these factors and achieve optimal outcomes will then be experimentally tested to establish evidence-based standards of surgical practice. Those standards will be adapted to each surgeon's needs and preferences, potentially leading to a certification model for surgeons complying with excellence criteria.

Mots-clés : surgery,patient safety,performance
Projet ERC : CoolNanoDrop (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Proof of concept grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : Sofia University — Pays : Bulgarie — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 80000.0 €

Industrial emulsification often requires inefficient, high energy processes, such as mechanical shear leading to high temperatures in emulsificaiton. Our new efficient method has enabled self-emulsificatino at low temperatures by simply cooling an emulsion. We will apply this method to industrially relevant compounds for the food and pharma industries.

Mots-clés : self emulsification,nanoemulsions,cooling,industrial emulsification