Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : SInfoNiA (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1152586.25 €

In a world saturated with data, the role of information as a coordination device for economic activity is more and more central, and impacts phenomena such as financial crises, currency attacks and social stability. Although the importance of information as a driving force is well established, current models of coordination and robustness are limited to the restricted class of binary actions supermodular games. Following recent methodological advances of the PI as a proof of concept, the project offers a model of strategic types that will define the role of information in general strategic situations. Our methodology diverges from the conventional approach by reframing all information in relation to the game under study. Rather than considering information description as a distinct entity separate from the game itself, our approach centers on strategically relevant information within a particular, predetermined game context.  SInfoNiA will create new foundations for the analysis of information in economics, and delve into new positive and normative implications of the theory as described in 7 work packages (WP).  The first 4 WPs are methodological, they provide a model of strategic types for a wide array of games (WP1), develop new avenues to the measure and value of information (WP2), unify strategic types with global games information structures (WP3), and offer algorithms that will allow for wide applicability and dissemination of the methods (WP4). WP5 utilizes these methods to expand the global games frontier and to analyze new models of financial stability, while WP6 will offer a broad analysis of the robustness of economic outcomes, including in trade and financial networks. WP7 takes a normative approach and provides joint design of information structures and incentives that efficiently implement desirable outcomes. It offers informational interventions to bring on changes in social norms, in particular in gender inequality.

Mots-clés : information structures,bayesian games,robust economic predictions,information design,global games,higher order beliefs
Projet ERC : ANAPOLIS (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental Constituents of Matter
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2500000.0 €

Many physical systems in nature must be described using a huge number of coupled degrees of freedom. Treating these problems on a classical computer leads to computation times growing exponentially with the system size. Analog simulators are well-controlled systems to which a complex problem can be mapped, and from which the physics can be experimentally readout. Here, we want to develop powerful analog simulators based on semiconductor cavity polaritons, light-matter quasi-particles that have appeared as a versatile platform to explore the physics of bosonic open systems. Using the fine control we now have in polariton lattices, ANAPOLIS opens the door to the simulation of a large class of systems subject to external drive and dissipation, a regime hardly explored in other platforms. Out-of-equilibrium condensation, giant Kerr non-linearity, optical driving of steady-states are the ingredients we will use in ANAPOLIS to explore three scientific objectives: 1.We will study phase fluctuations in polariton condensates and map the system to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation, which describes many dynamical nonlinear systems. In 2D, solving this equation is a challenge raising open questions that no experimental platform has addressed so far. 2.We will resonantly drive polariton lattices with elaborate phase patterns to simulate the physics of charged particles in a magnetic field. Optically inducing complex valued hoppings, we will tailor topological properties for the Bogoliubov excitations, and explore non-linear physics on top of a topological superfluid. 3.We will use cavity lattices under quadratic drive to emulate the physics of the quantum transverse Ising model in a driven-dissipative context. We will use this simulator to find the steady state of the system and explore quantum magnetism and dissipative phase transitions. ANAPOLIS will provide unique opportunities to address stochastic phenomena, nonlinear and many body physics in a driven-dissipative context.

Mots-clés : exciton polaritons,kpz physics,topology
Projet ERC : IC4Stars (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental Constituents of Matter
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 3499421.0 €

The pioneering experiments of intensity correlations by Hanbury-Brown and Twiss more than 50 years ago not only allowed to measure the angular diameter of many bright stars, but it also motivated Roy Glauber to develop his quantum formalism of photon statistics. The advent of direct optical interferences of light collected by different telescopes developed in the beginning of the 70s, with superior performances in terms of signal to noise ratio and correspondingly reduced required observation time put an end to these first attempts of intensity correlation imaging for astrophysics. State of the art optical interference imaging is however limited by accessible baselines and the required mechanical precision for optical delay lines are limited in particular due to atmospheric fluctuations and at short wavelengths. In IC4Stars we will use modern photon counting techniques to perform quantum optics measurements and probe quantum systems in astrophysics. A first target will be a quantum degenerate Fermi gaz of electrons (a white dwarf) whose angular diameter is out of reach for direct optical imaging techniques. A second goal will be the search for quantum sources of radiation by looking for random lasing in astrophysics, to be detected by second order photon correlation.

Mots-clés : hanburry brown and twiss,intensity correlations,random lasing
Projet ERC : DataSpace (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Soci al World and Its Interactions
Entité participante : Université de Copenhague — Pays : Danemark — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : KU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2499060.0 €

DataSpace proposes a new conceptualization of how the pursuit of health is shaped by data. Healthcare is increasingly datafied and a wide range of actors – patients, clinicians, administrators, policymakers and industry – want to be able to exchange and access health data across national boundaries. Competing initiatives for fostering cross-border data integration proliferate, and the EU provides major investments, e.g. through the European Health Data Space. These massive investments will influence healthcare, administration and research, but we do not know how. DataSpace explores what is driving the establishment of cross-border health-data infrastructures, which types of infrastructures are being established, with which implications for whom, and what comes to be included and acted upon in relation to health, organizational performance, and health policy. Furthermore, these investments emerge in tandem with wider social changes where data have become constitutive for the lives we can live. With DataSpace we therefore explore and conceptualize how people experience themselves and the world around them with and through data. We take the term ‘space’, empirically present in the EHDS initiative, and reinvigorate it theoretically to establish a vocabulary fitted for understanding data-intensive health environments. We suggest seeing data spaces as having both formative and experiential dimensions and explore how they interact. Concerning the formative dimensions, data spaces are enacted through promises, work, and users. Four experiential dimensions relate to what is experienced as right (legally and morally), true (epistemologically), present (phenomenologically) and valuable (economically, emotionally, and socially). This theoretical approach moves beyond problematic distinctions between the virtual and the real and provides a new understanding of how patients, clinicians, researchers, administrators, and industry shape healthcare with and through data.

Mots-clés : anthropology,critical data studies,cross border,data infrastructure,health data
Projet ERC : n-Dame_Heritage (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Texts and Concepts
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2468909.0 €

The research on cultural heritage makes the confrontation between material objects and multidisciplinary studies the arena for the production of collective knowledge. In the digital age, this is then a privileged framework for studying the collective analysis and interpretation of facts, objects and phenomena that bring together a new generation of data towards the construction of new scientific resources - our tomorrow’s heritage. How can one memorise these bundles of individual gazes converging on the same object of study? How can one analyse their dynamics of construction, of overlap and of fusion leading to new knowledge? This project introduces a new field - a territory of multidisciplinary and multidimensional digitally born data - as raw material for studying the mechanisms of knowledge production in cultural heritage. Introducing a pioneering approach in computational modelling and digitisation, this project benefits from the exceptional experimental framework of the scientific worksite on Notre-Dame de Paris (involving today 175 researchers coming from disciplines like archaeology, anthropology, architecture, history, chemistry, physics and computer scientist) to build an emblematic corpus of data on scientific practices in heritage science, in the digital age. Within this unique opportunity to produce and analyse masses of born digital scientific data, n-Dame_Heritage will deliver a generalisable approach, a replicable methodology and an open and reusable digital ecosystem to build cathedrals of knowledge by the collaborative research on material objects. By introducing and experimenting next generation methods and tools for the semantic-driven data production and analysis, this project shifts the cursor of digitisation, from the physical object to the knowledge for understanding it, in order to analyse the interdependence between its complex facets and the related knowledge objects built by scholars through their research practices.

Mots-clés : architectural heritage,conservation and restoration,heritage science
Projet ERC : MemoryIndex (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Compl exity
Entité participante : University Hospital Erlangen — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 235187.5 €

Episodic memories make us who we are, yet how these memories are coded in the human brain remains an open question. We know that the human hippocampus is essential for turning unique experiences into memory episodes, such as a memory from the last concert you have attended. We also know that the human hippocampus has two types of neurons that could be critical for coding such episodic memories. These are Concept Cells, which store general semantic concepts (i.e. the artist, or the location where the concert was), and Episode Specific Neurons, which hold together all the elements that belong to an episode (i.e. seeing Taylor Swift performing in Edinburgh). Concept cells, which are well-known, represent a context invariant and highly abstract code for certain elements that matter to us, such as a certain place, or a certain person. In contrast, Episodic Specific Neurons, which have only recently been observed, represent a conjunctive code that uniquely identifies individual episodes. However, how these two types of neural codes are used by the hippocampus to code episodic memories is unclear. Specifically, we don’t know whether and how Episode Specific Neurons and Concept Cells interact with each other and with the neocortex. We don’t know where in the hippocampus they are, how they are allocated to code for a memory, and whether they are causally relevant for human episodic memory. The aim of MemoryIndex is to answer these questions via testing computationally motivated hypotheses in a multimodal project using a unique combination of human single neuron recordings, ultra-high field fMRI and invasive electrical stimulation. The results of this project will critically advance our understanding of the fundamental coding mechanisms that the human hippocampus uses for storing episodic memories. These findings could potentially pave the way for developing a neural prosthesis to restore memory function in patients.

Mots-clés : episodic memory,hippocampus,human single neurons
Projet ERC : SpeckleCARS (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Systems and Communication Engineering
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2726936.0 €

Histology is central to the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of cancers. It requires the removal of small regions of suspect tissues (biopsies) that are later sectioned and stained with haematoxylin and eosin (HE). However, histology suffers from major weaknesses: First the standard HE protocol cannot work in vivo and requires ex vivo biopsies. Second HE is labour intensive, time consuming and the final tissue sections inspection is possible only after 12 hours. A faster but less accurate protocol, known as extemporaneous histology, can be performed in 40 min and is used in an intra-operative context to guide surgeries. The SpeckleCARS project aims to develop for the first time fast label free tomography microscopy with vibrational sensitivity to provide images with tridimensional improvement as compared to extemporaneous histology and in near-perfect concordance with conventional stained HE histology. This pioneering approach overcomes all the previous challenges: Using a wide field reflection scheme and label free contrast rules out all the drawbacks due to tissue removal and external labelling. It provides instantaneous intraoperative 3D histological data, improving the accessibility and accuracy of tumour detection, diagnosis and treatment. Combining the latest advances in 3D tomography reconstruction algorithms, high power laser systems together with key innovations in random speckle illumination and hyperspectral vibrational imaging, the SpeckleCARS project will provide for the first time volumetric histology imaging in real time over large (mm) fields of view without the need of tissue removal. To demonstrate the power of the developed technologies both ex vivo human and in vivo mouse cancer assessments will be conducted in collaboration with pathologists. The SpeckleCARS approach is broadly applicable to all cancer types and to any tissue diagnostic requiring histological data, so the project breakthroughs will benefit many medical and biology applications.

Mots-clés : label free microscopy,stimulated raman microscopy,computational imaging,histology
Projet ERC : ARCH-METH (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Environmental B iology, Ecology  and E volution
Entité participante : Université de médecine de Graz — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2500000.0 €

Archaea, the most ancient domain of life, play a crucial yet largely underappreciated role in human microbiomes and Earth's nutrient cycles. Among them, Methanobrevibacter species are particularly important for methane production in ruminants, accounting for up to 6% of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and are prevalent in animal and plant microbiomes. In recent years, I have become intrigued by the impact of Methanobrevibacter on human physiology. Our research has shown that two distinct Methanobrevibacter species influence the availability of essential vitamins and metabolites by shaping the entire gut microbiome. Despite their recognized importance for health, our mechanistic understanding of archaeal dynamics and communication within the human microbial ecosystem remains limited due to technical challenges and a historical research bias. Methanobrevibacter never acts alone but relies on complex syntrophic, mutual interactions with bacteria. In these inter-domain networks, Methanobrevibacter functions as central hub. This creates an exciting possibility to strategically manipulate human microbiomes through a unique focus on the archaeal component. Given their distinct biological features, a major challenge is developing a robust methodological toolkit and engineering synthetic archaeal-bacterial consortia with therapeutic potentials. Through an integrative approach combining computational, experimental, and in vivo studies, I aim to elucidate the underlying mechanisms governing Methanobrevibacter networks, with the overall goal of elevating Methanobrevibacter to a central position in microbiome research. The gained knowledge will deepen scientific understanding of archaea and yield valuable applications in host-associated microbiomes. With extensive, globally unique expertise, a robust scientific network, and a validated methodological basis, I am poised to lead pioneering archaeome research with global implications for both environmental and human health.

Mots-clés : archaea,microbiome,methane,human physiology,syntrophy,microbial networks,synthetic microbial communities,in silico modeling,method development,genetic engineering,microbiology
Projet ERC : MiXpress (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Molecules of Life: B iological  Mechanisms , Structures  and Functions
Entité participante : University Medical Center Göttingen — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UMG
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1913968.0 €

Mitochondrial gene expression is essential for cellular metabolism and energy supply since 13 core subunits of the OXPHOS system are encoded on the mitochondrial genome. Despite its importance for cellular function, mitochondrial gene expression (mitoGE) and its regulation are not understood at a mechanistic level. To this end, we demonstrated that mitochondrial translation is prone to regulation, responding to influx of nuclear-encoded proteins . However, the mechanisms that regulate gene expression in mitochondria remain unknown. A lack of suitable experimental approaches to modulate mitoGE hampers progress in our understanding. Here I propose a project that takes the next big step towards understanding the mechanisms of mitochondrial gene expression. Our recent work on an in organello system to target mitoGE in a transcript-specific manner provides the bases for the challenging project proposed here, which aims to solve long-standing questions: First, we will dissect mitochondrial transcript interactomes and their spatial orchestration to understand basic principles of RNA abundance, organization in granules, and cross communication. Second, we are now able to investigate translation in the context of the inner membrane with transcript-specific resolution and thereby identify liaising factors involved in ribosome recruitment and membrane insertion and regulation. Third, we will extend our strategy towards an in vivo transcript-specific silencing approach to define retrograde signaling pathways that integrate mitoGE into cellular contexts. The combination of functional analyses carried out in organello and in vivo will provide unprecedented insights into components and mechanism of mitoGE and reveal how two genetically independent systems cooperate to build a functional metabolic pathway able to respond to energetic requirements and challenges.

Mots-clés : mitochondria,gene expression,translation,oxidative phosphorylation,mitochondrial disorder
Projet ERC : DynaHear (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System
Entité participante : University Medical Center Göttingen — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UMG
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2499411.0 €

Our sense of hearing processes stimuli that differ in sound pressure by more than six orders of magnitude. Yet, while the presynaptic inner hair cells (IHCs) cover this wide dynamic range, each postsynaptic spiral ganglion neuron (SGN) encodes only a fraction and the intensity information is then reconstructed by the brain. This so-called “dynamic range problem” of hearing is known for decades, but how sound intensity information is decomposed into different neural pathways remains elusive. In vivo recordings report major functional SGN diversity and ensembles of such diverse neurons collectively encode intensity for a given sound frequency. Recently, a major heterogeneity of afferent SGN synapses with IHCs as well as different molecular SGN profiles have been discovered. How these relate to the diverse sound coding properties of SGNs remains to be elucidated. DynaHear sets out to close this gap by testing the hypothesis that an interplay of synaptic heterogeneity, molecularly distinct subtypes of SGNs, and efferent modulation serves the neural decomposition of sound intensity information. This is enabled by innovative approaches to cochlear structure and function, some of which we have recently established, while others will be developed in DynaHear. We will combine electrophysiology, optogenetics, molecular labelling and tracing, multiscale and multimodal imaging, with computational modeling. We will elucidate the molecular underpinnings of afferent synaptic heterogeneity, decipher mechanisms establishing such heterogeneity, and relate them to functional SGN diversity. DynaHear promises to fundamentally advance our understanding of sound intensity coding and contribute to solving the dynamic range problem of sound encoding. Moreover, the proposed work will help to better understand synaptic hearing impairment, assist current hearing rehabilitation, and pave the way for innovative therapeutic approaches such as gene therapy and optogenetic restoration of hearing.

Mots-clés : hearing,synapses,sensory coding,inner ear,deafness,hearing restoration,physiology,anatomy,genetics