Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : EXOPLANETBIO (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Universe sciences
Entité participante : Leiden University — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2300962.0 €

This is a proposal to use a new ground-breaking spectroscopic technique to study the atmospheres of extrasolar planets. Understanding planet atmospheric processes and their evolutionary histories is crucial for unambiguously identifying biomarker gases, and forms the main driver behind the enormous surge in exoplanet atmospheric research. I propose to lead a program using the new VLT CRIRES+ instrument, that will focus on the new ground-breaking developments in ground-based high-dispersion spectroscopy, in which my work plays a leading role. We successfully determined the dominant spectroscopically-active species in hot Jupiter atmospheres (e.g. Brogi, Snellen et al. Nature 2012), provided the first evidence for high altitude winds (Snellen et al. Nature 2010), and determined for the first time the spin-rotation rate of a young gas-giant planet (Snellen et al. Nature 2014) – pioneering a technique that combines high-dispersion spectroscopy with high-contrast imaging. The new CRIRES+ spectrograph at the VLT (2017) will have a revolutionary impact in the field, changing the main focus of current atmospheric research from hot 1000-1500 K gas giants to cooler 400-700 K Neptunes and Super-Earths. With this new instrument, I will 1) make a large inventory of planet spin rates as function of planet mass and age, 2) probe the atmospheres of cool super-Earths above the cloud-deck for the first time, solving for their bulk compositions. 3) determine the vertical and longitudinal atmospheric temperature profiles of hot Jupiters, and obtain a complete inventory of the C and O bearing molecules in their upper atmospheres. 4) I will for the first time probe isotope-ratios in exoplanet atmospheres. This project will be an important stepping stone in developing high-dispersion spectroscopic techniques for studying Earth-like exoplanets with the European Extremely Large Telescope.
Projet ERC : LatinNow (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : University of Nottingham — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1496272.0 €

This is an interdisciplinary project linking sociolinguistics, archaeology and ancient cultural history. Dramatic changes occurred linguistically in the north-western Roman Empire: a patchwork of local languages which existed in the Iron Age had been all but replaced by Latin as the dominant language by the end of the imperial period. Precisely how, when and why this change occurred, and how it relates to other social phenomena, remains an underexplored topic central to the Roman world and requires investigation which is only possible through an analysis cutting across provincial boundaries, those between the Iron Age, Roman and early medieval periods, and reaching beyond Classics to modern sociolinguistics and Germanic, Celtic and Palaeo-hispanic studies. LatinNow bridges this gap in our knowledge by employing an approach which exploits both epigraphic and archaeological material (writing and writing equipment) and situates the phenomena of Latinization, literacy, bi- and multilingualism within broader social developments. Drawing together the developing strands of sociolinguistics, bilingualism studies, digital epigraphy, and small finds archaeological investigation into an integrated methodology brings a fresh perspective, founded on empirical data and supported by evolving technologies (GIS, EpiDoc, RTI). The interdisciplinary approach and analytical rigour, promoted in 3 research volumes, project GIS, RIBOnline, conference and workshops, will encourage the extension of this methodology. The creation of a centre of excellence for digital epigraphy at the University of Nottingham and the touring exhibition, which will disseminate research and skills across the ERA, will spread the competences and knowledge necessary for the implementation of this new research across the Roman world and beyond. LatinNow confronts thorny, large-scale socio-cultural issues and will contribute to an appreciation of the construction of our diverse European heritage.

Mots-clés : sociolinguistics,epigraphy,digital humanities,bilingualism,literacy,latinization
Projet ERC : MultiX (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering
Entité participante : Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : LMU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2499260.0 €

This project addresses a complex problem in agriculture and will identify the process of multi-host pathogenicity. Emerging and re-emerging disease epidemics represent ongoing challenges to cultivation of crop plants, a global threat to food security and social stability. One of the recent disease epidemics is caused by Xylella fastidiosa, a generalist bacterium that infects a broad range of hosts, now spreading in Europe and threatening olive production. How pathogens colonize in multiple, genetically diverse species across families is poorly understood. X. fastidiosa colonizes xylem vessels, dead cells of the vasculature. I hypothesize that the more complex nature of multi-host pathogen interactions could be explained by a common virulence strategy that depends on environmental circumstances, in terms of resources and immune defences to be overcome. We will use a multi-host approach combined with dual transcriptomics for the systematic analysis of bacterial and plant signatures associated with disease caused by X. fastidiosa. Identifying virulence factors and plant immunity determinants will drive our understanding of host susceptibility. Of translational scientific interest, we will reveal immune receptors that control X. fastidiosa infection. Using this knowledge, we will assist the immune system at different levels of organization of plant tissues by targeted expression of immune receptors. This is high risk/high gain but of strategic relevance for my long-term goal to reduce disease in crops without yield penalties. At its completion, this project will deliver molecular determinants to disease control and an approach to assist immunity in the vasculature, and thus will pave the way for applying similar strategies to other important vascular pathogens. It will also advance our understanding of the more complex nature of multi-host pathogen interactions and our conceptual views of host range determinants.

Mots-clés : plant pathogen interaction,plant immunity,bacterial virulence,transcriptome profiling,extracellular vesicles
Projet ERC : Trop-ClOC (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth system science
Entité participante : University of York — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1651508.0 €

This project addresses a fundamental and yet highly unconstrained question in atmospheric chemistry: What is the impact of atomic chlorine on the composition of the troposphere? Gas phase oxidants control the concentrations of important climate and air pollutants such as methane, ozone and particles. Accurate representation of oxidation chemistry in computational models is paramount to our ability predict and understand past, present and future changes to the Earth system. Over recent decades there have been continual suggestions that the chlorine atom may be a significant tropospheric oxidant, but a lack of observations capable of constraining its chemistry mean that its role remains highly uncertain. Without these underpinning observations, our understanding of atmospheric oxidation and thus our ability to develop effective and timely policies to address air quality and climate change is compromised. This project will provide a step-change in our understanding of atmospheric chlorine chemistry. Capitalising on recent technology advances, two innovative instruments capable of definitively constraining chlorine atom sources and sinks will be developed. These instruments will be deployed at three chemically contrasting locations (Cape Verde, coastal Netherlands and central Germany), generating the first comprehensive dataset on tropospheric chlorine atom production and loss. These data will be used to challenge the state-of-the-science representation of chlorine chemistry in atmospheric chemistry models. Ultimately this work will advance our understanding of the fundamental chemistry occurring in the atmosphere and help to direct developments in the next generation of air quality and climate models.
Projet ERC : TIMING (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Systems and communication engineering
Entité participante : University of Sussex — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1528301.31 €

This project addresses major challenges in Terahertz (THz) sensing at the forefront of the experimental and theoretical investigation. The results will have far-reaching implications in complex science. They will target the next generation of THz imagers, acknowledged as unique diagnostic tools in cross-disciplinary fields in light of the THz’s distinctive ability to unambiguously discriminate molecular compounds. The project objectives are: (i) to explore the consequences of modern approaches to imaging with structured illumination in the THz domain. (ii) to introduce a novel approach to THz microscopy. TIMING will explore a novel form of single-pixel imaging that boosts the performance of the state-of-the-art. It exploits concepts cross-disciplinary inherited from fields like complexity and nonlinear-physics. The newly developed background will directly impact transverse fields like acoustic, microwaves and optics where related forms of imaging are strongly investigated. The sought results aim to enable applications in several scenarios in biology, medicine, material science, quality inspection and security. In all those fields, active THz imaging is still challenged by the poor general resolution, low brightness and relatively long acquisition time, aspects directly targeted by this project. TIMING is at the same time a project and novel imaging concept that will unveil real applications in transversal and interdisciplinary fields where imaging and material discrimination are strategic.

Mots-clés : terahertz,ghost imaging,statistical imaging,nonlinear photonics,optical complexity,spectroscopy,near field imaging
Projet ERC : HRP-IAEA (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : Technische Universität Berlin — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : TUB
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 220125.0 €

This project addresses the central question of how the International Atomic Energy Agency, a diplomatic and political international organization, came to dominate scientific institutions with a long tradition in radiation protection. Despite the importance of international organizations for the development of postwar science there is no work on the history of radiation protection in relation to the development of the IAEA. The project addresses this lacuna in a groundbreaking way: it analyses what is usually treated as a strictly techno-scientific issue—how best to protect us from ionized radiation—using methods from history, philosophy, and sociology of science, and in the context of international history. The main hypothesis is that scientific knowledge about radiation protection has been shaped by diplomatic, social, economic, and political concerns. This approach casts new light on important aspects of postwar history of science, combining attention to state actors, science diplomacy, and the roles played by international organizations. Given the enormous interest in radiation protection the time is ripe for providing a comprehensive social, historical, and political study of the role of the IAEA in the field. The main objectives of the project are: • to retrace the international history of radiation protection after World War II, focusing especially on the Technical Assistance Programs of the IAEA; • to investigate the role of the IAEA in sponsoring knowledge production in the field of radiation protection in competition with other regulatory agencies; and • to analyze the standardization of instruments, objects, procedures, and technical vocabulary as the main strategy used by the IAEA for guiding radiation protection worldwide. The project advocates a "diplomatic turn": diplomacy becomes analytical category in history of science. Highly interdisciplinary it brings together expertise from several disciplines, promising a significant advancement across them.

Mots-clés : history of radiation protection,history of modern physical sciences,iaea,international organizations,standardization,history of nuclear sciences
Projet ERC : SHIVADHARMA (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : University of Bologna — Pays : Italie — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UNIBO
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 152060.0 €

This project aims at examining the impact of the spread of the Śaiva religion on the formation of regional religious identities in South Asia from the Middle Ages to premodern times. In order to tackle this issue, the Principal Investigator and her team will examine the historical evidence connected with a still little studied but highly influential tradition of Sanskrit texts collectively called “Śivadharma” (= “Śaiva Religion”), which have been transmitted in some of the most representative regions of South Asia to exhibit the continuing influence of Śavisim. The impact of this literature can be traced in multiple literary, epigraphical and iconographic sources, making it particularly suitable for a multidisciplinary study in which the analysis and edition of texts goes hand in hand with that of the inscriptions and archaeological context. The regions that will be considered for this project are: Nepal, the Deccan area (with connections to the Andhra coast), the northeastern area of the Bay of Bengal (present-day West Bengal and Odisha), Tamil Nadu and Kerala. The Śivadharma texts, composed around the 6th to 7th century, are mostly related to the institutional and cultural facets of lay religion, thus offering access to information on the material and practical aspects of Śaivism at a time corresponding to its rise to monarchical patronage in South and Southeast Asia. The main focus of the team’s research will be on the process of how these texts were adapted to the different regional contexts in which they are transmitted, as well as the assessment of the impact that their knowledge had on the formation of local Śaivism. We will thus study the manuscript transmission of the texts, along with the texts themselves in their regional variants; translations and commentaries on the texts in Sanskrit and Dravidian languages; and the inscriptions and icons of religious centers that are linked to the texts and the religious current sponsoring them.

Mots-clés : south asian history,religious traditions from south asia,sanskrit and dravidian studies
Projet ERC : STAQAMOF (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : École polytechnique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : X
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1165625.0 €

This project aims at providing a new quantitative approach to financial regulation, notably in the context of high frequency trading. The key idea of our method is to build relevant statistical models through price and time scales, connecting the microstructure of financial markets to the long term behavior of prices. Doing so, we will be able to understand and quantify the macroscopic consequences of regulatory measures modifying the microscopic design of the market. Succeeding in this modelling task will require to address several intricate statistical problems. In particular new results will be needed in the fields of limit theory for semi-martingales, multifractal processes, rough stochastic differential equations, Hawkes processes and high-dimensional statistics. Hence, through this project, we not only have the hope to provide groundbreaking tools for worldwide regulation of financial markets but, concurrently, to answer important and challenging mathematical problems. In term of analyzing concrete regulatory measures, particular attention will be devoted to the issue of the choice of a proper tick value, that is the minimal price increment allowed on a financial market. Indeed, the tick value is the tool which seems to be favored by most policy makers in order to regulate high frequency trading.

Mots-clés : statistical finance,mathematical finance,microstructure of financial markets
Projet ERC : PuppetPlays (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : Université de Toulouse — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UT
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2288832.0 €

This project aims at transcending boundaries between « high » and « popular » cultures, here established playwrights and anonymous writers, by investigating their productions for a same medium: puppet and marionette theatre. Focusing on key-periods of drama history (1600-2000) it explores how puppeteers and authors both contribute to the raise of a specific dramaturgy. Introducing these repertoires into the history of Western European drama opens a double ground-breaking perspective: on one side, it exceeds the limits of local inquiries and reveals cultural transfers through social groups and nations; on the other, it leads to reexamine theatre historiography by considering the cohesion of “theatrical systems” (Marotti) and giving visibility to a long despised and scatered corpus. The main objectives are 1) to gather a corpus of representative plays which document the development of puppetry in Western Europe (Austria, Belgium, England, France, Germany, Italy, Nederlands, Portugal, Spain); 2) to identify the specific features of puppet and marionette plays and their variations through time, cultural areas, conditions of production and targeted audiences; 3) to re-evaluate the contribution of these repertoires to the construction of European cultural identity. The principal investigator brings to this project, besides a long experience of internationally recognized research, an excellent knowledge of artistic and cultural networks which guarantees the access to primary sources as well as the mobilisation of experts and partner institutions. Using digital humanities tools and methods, the project will produce a platform making available the selected corpus through a data base and searchable thesaurus, and offering innovative resources to the research community, pedagogues, practitioners and public at large. The research will lead to a better integration of puppetry into theatre history, an increased knowledge of its heritage, and a growing institutional recognition.

Mots-clés : puppetry,history of drama,cultural transfers
Projet ERC : FastProof (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology — Pays : Suisse — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ETH Zurich
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 149648.0 €

This project aims at turning the novel approach to automated delineation of complex curvilinear structures we have developed under ERC funding into industrial-grade software that can be commercialized. Our primary goal will therefore be to transform our research software into user-friendly plugins with well-defined APIs that can be bundled with widely used commercial software platforms. In the neuroscience and biomedical areas, we have identified three such platforms and will explore potential licensing agreements with the companies selling them. In the field of aerial cartography, we have close links to an EPFL spin-off company that could help us break into this very different market. We will also investigate the feasibility of launching a new startup company to carry out any further development that might be required. To this end, we will conduct a market study to assess the size of the market and develop a business plan.

Mots-clés : delineation,neuroscience,biomedical imaging,cartography
Projet ERC : QUEST (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : University of Rome Tor Vergata — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1587500.0 €

This project aims to an innovative deep interplay between Operator Algebras and Quantum Field Theory. On one hand we want both to develop powerful tools to construct Quantum Field Theory models and provide a mathematical-conceptual description of interesting Physical contexts, on the other hand we want to set up and study the emerging mathematical structures, that have their own interest. Our first objective aims to an intrinsic description of phase boundaries (defects) in two dimensions, developing mathematical methods needed to this end. The operator-algebraic description of Boundary Conformal Field Theory by the K.-H. Rehren and the PI is the basis to set up the operator-algebraic, Minkowskian description of phase boundary, relating to the tensor categorical, Euclidean description by J. Fröhlich, J. Fuchs, I. Runkel and C. Schweigert. The theory of Subfactors by V. Jones and the PI's notion of Q-system are to be extended to unstudied settings and new basic operations are to be introduced and analyzed. Existing partial classification results will be broadened to more general, physically interesting situations. A second objective aims to a non-perturbative construction of QFT models that relies on recent ideas, based on algebraic deformation, by E. Witten and the PI (in a massless context) and by G. Lechner (in a massive context), and further developed by other researchers. We aim at a unifying framework and new constructive methods. A third objective plans to construct, and analyze, new classes of models of local Conformal Nets of von Neumann Algebras by means of Vertex Operator Algebras; among them the “Shorter Moonshine Net”. A further objective points to understand known effects in Information Theory within the Noncommutative Geometrical viewpoint provided by a QFT index theorem proposed by the PI.

Mots-clés : msc2010  46l10 von neumann algebras,46l37 subfactors,18d10 monoidal categories,17bxx infinite dim  lie alg,58b34 noncommutative geometry,81t05 quantum field theory,81t40 conformal field theory