Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : UrbanSlide (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth System Science
Entité participante : Université de Vienne — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Uni Wien
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499153.0 €

Global landslide casualties will rise due to greater exposure, lack of practical measures, and informed policies addressing growing landslide risks. Global urban population has grown from 30% in 1950 to about 50% today and will likely reach 68% by 2050, increasing the number of people exposed to landslides to 90 million from today's 65 million. This surge in the urban population and associated landscape modifications, often unplanned, exacerbate landslide risk, especially in the tropics. For example, informal house construction could reduce slope stability, besides exposing inhabitants. In parallel, anthropogenic climate change could double landslide-relevant rainfall extremes, increasing landslide hazards. Essential interactions among urbanisation, demographic composition, rainfall, and landslides are well-known. Yet, traditional risk assessments ignore feedback between these risk drivers and discount their future states, hampering proactive risk management due to their focus on historical observations. UrbanSlide aims to unravel the complex shaping of landslide risk by studying causal interactions between societal, environmental, and urbanisation risk drivers. Intending to "get ahead of landslides", UrbanSlide will develop a hybrid model integrating process-based and statistical models, both informed by empirical knowledge on social-environmental interactions. A key emphasis is on anticipating the diverse human actions shaping landslide riskscapes. Eventually, UrbanSlide will quantify potential future landslide risk in the rapidly expanding tropical urban centres to facilitate informed decision-making. UrbanSlide will fill the fundamental knowledge gap regarding the dynamics of landslide risk emerging from the intricate interplay of the environment and society. The derived quantitative evidence will notably support the design of pro-poor urban landslide risk reduction practices by highlighting the scale and priority regions of future landslide risk.

Mots-clés : landslide risk,landslide hazard,climate change,urbanisation,socio demography,urban vulnerabilities,socioeconomic inequalities,population increase,low and lower middle income countries,tropics,informal settlements,natural hazards,natural hazard risk disaster risk reduction
Projet ERC : METHANIAQ (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Environmental B iology, Ecology  and E volution
Entité participante : Université de Vienne — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Uni Wien
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1497792.5 €

Aquatic ecosystems are a major source of the potent greenhouse gas methane, accounting for half of the global methane emissions. Biogenic methane is microbially produced in anoxic sediments and typically rapidly consumed by methanotrophic microorganisms, largely limiting emissions to the atmosphere. However, methane concentrations are often elevated in oxic surface waters of oceans and lakes (“methane paradox”). Aerobic methane production in surface waters might constitute a particularly important source of methane, which, due its proximity to the atmosphere, might escape the aquatic “microbial methane filter”. Yet, we currently lack a comprehensive understanding of the involved processes and microorganisms. Moreover, enhanced eutrophication of coastal ocean and lake ecosystems has been linked to increased methane emissions. Despite the immense importance of methane-cycling microorganisms in controlling emissions from these systems, we know remarkably little on how changes in environmental conditions affect their in situ activities. The METHANIAQ project addresses these knowledge gaps by 1) resolving and quantifying aerobic methane production in surface waters of aquatic ecosystems with different trophic states, and 2) unravelling how eutrophication affects methane-consuming microorganisms in water columns of coastal ocean and lake ecosystems. To tackle these objectives, I will use an innovative combination of approaches, comprising in situ measurements of biogeochemical process rates, manipulation experiments under controlled laboratory conditions, and cutting-edge molecular methods to analyze microbial communities. The proposed approaches will provide an integrated view from the scales of enzymes and microorganisms to ecosystem-level processes spanning marine and freshwater ecosystems. I expect this cross-disciplinary project to generate essential insights into methane cycling dynamics in aquatic ecosystems and their effect on the global climate.

Mots-clés : aquatic microbial ecology,isotope biogeochemistry,methane cycling,eutrophication,climate change
Projet ERC : REVIVE (Horizon Europe, appel 2025, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Systems and Communication Engineering
Entité participante : Université d'Aalborg — Pays : Danemark — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1498201.0 €

The REVIVE project aims to revolutionize battery longevity in electric vehicles (EVs) by directly addressing and reversing aging mechanisms in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). While LIBs are critical for EVs, they suffer from degradation issues like lithium plating and solid-electrolyte interface growth, which reduce battery capacity, increase safety risks, and drive up lifecycle costs due to replacements. Current battery management systems primarily monitor battery in a passive manner rather than actively mitigating these aging processes. REVIVE proposes a breakthrough, applying targeted, non-invasive battery treatments—including tailored electrical pulses, thermal conditioning, and acoustic waves—to actively counteract and reverse battery aging, potentially extending battery life to match the operational life of EV. This approach minimizes the need for EV battery replacements, reducing resource consumption and environmental impact. The project’s three-phase strategy involves (1) designing advanced in-situ diagnostics tools to closely differentiate different aging modes and predict their progression with minimized aging footprint during characterization, (2) harnessing physics-informed artificial intelligence based on reinforcement learning in discovering the most effective non-invasive rejuvenation and treatment strategies and protocols based on external stimuli, and (3) pioneering advanced anti-aging and self-repair battery charging protocols that reduce degradation while optimizing charging time. This approach integrates expertise across battery electronics, physics, control theory, Multiphysics modeling, and AI, presenting a transformative solution for EV sustainability and laying the groundwork for a new research frontier in regenerative battery science with broader implications for energy storage systems.

Mots-clés : batteries system identification multi physics modeling artificial intelligence
Projet ERC : WHOCOUNTS (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Soci al World and Its Interactions
Entité participante : Université autonome de Barcelone — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499584.0 €

A non-trivial minority of the de facto population are currently ‘missing’ from income surveys used to construct official statistics on poverty across Europe. WHOCOUNTS will correct for noncoverage error in official EU statistics to better understand the changing profile, drivers and depth of poverty across Europe. Whilst those living outside of private households are often part of the inferential population in poverty debates, they are not part of the target population and thus sampling frame of European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC). This undermines our ability to examine the full incidence, composition and causes of poverty because many of this ‘missing minority’ exhibit some of the worst social outcomes across Europe. Much more than merely technical or pragmatic, such practices reflect a set of theoretical and normative judgments about who counts when it comes to researching poverty and social policy. Through novel analysis of hitherto fragmented data, WHOCOUNTS will re-examine poverty across 8 European countries that differ in their noncoverage, demographics, low-income dynamics, and policy interventions. Drawing on adjusted and unadjusted EU-SILC datasets, this project will improve the accuracy of poverty estimates and nuance explanations of (extreme) poverty across divergent welfare regimes, by complementing multivariate regression techniques with (fuzzy set) qualitative comparative analyses. Capitalising on the analytical potential of set-theoretic approaches, the project will transform our understanding of the overall shape and conjunctural causes of poverty across Europe, providing new and necessary information on the social groups often rendered invisible through official statistics. As such, this project promises a step change in our conceptual, methodological and substantive analysis of (extreme) poverty, and will offer future lessons on how poverty statistics can be improved to support better-informed policy interventions.

Mots-clés : official poverty statistics noncoverage error non private household populations qualitative comparative analysis epistemic erasure
Projet ERC : HORDE (Horizon Europe, appel 2025, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : Université de Birmingham — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1891138.0 €

Controlling the exchange of material between organs, cells and organelles is essential for all of the processes essential to life, such as signalling, metabolism and reproduction. Chemicals pass between compartments by diffusion, which is often assisted or rectified by biological machinery. A central goal of Systems Chemistry is to produce networks of discrete synthetic compartments that interact with the same complexity seen in life. Key to achieving this is the ability to control and regulate diffusion. The HORDE programme will harness Ostwald ripening as a tool that will enable controlled diffusion within emulsions. Ostwald ripening is the net directional diffusion of molecules from less to more stable states. In emulsions, this results in a spontaneous increase of average droplet size. This is thermodynamically favourable as it reduces the disfavoured liquid-liquid interface area. Ostwald ripening is generally seen as an unwanted process as it can lead to emulsion deterioration. However, when controlled, it will prove a powerful method for directing diffusion between compartments. HORDE will address this gap of knowledge by developing the novel methodology and insight that enables Ostwald ripening to be toggled and reversed. We will apply dynamic chemistries, switchable costabilisers and reversible polymerisation to control nanoemulsions.  I will apply my unique expertise that spans supramolecular chemistry and polymer nanotechnology to develop nanoemulsions with droplets that shrink or grow on demand. We will then apply this technology to generate nonequilibrium states and direct the transfer of polymer sequence information between droplets. The HORDE programme will thus demonstrate the exceptional promise of controlled Ostwald ripening as a mechanism for developing complex networks of interacting compartments. This ERC Starting Grant will establish the Fielden group as world leaders in developing responsive nanoscale systems.

Mots-clés : nanoemulsions,systems chemistry
Projet ERC : GIVE RIGHTS (Horizon Europe, appel 2025, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Human Mobility, Environment, and Space
Entité participante : Université de Malmö — Pays : Suède — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : MAU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499837.0 €

Undocumented migrants’ rights are under pressure in Europe today and migration control is increasingly deputized across different societal actors. Several decades ago, Hannah Arendt pointed out that universalistic understandings of human rights have little to offer noncitizens. Inspired by her, researchers have suggested that the foundation for undocumented migrants’ human rights instead can be found in the right-claims and contestations of migrants themselves. However, little attention has been paid to the role of welfare professionals in these processes.  Across Europe, welfare professionals have resisted proposals that they should have a duty to report undocumented migrants to the police. This has been pivotal for protecting migrants’ rights. Consequently, GIVE RIGHTS will develop new conceptual tools for an interdisciplinary understanding of undocumented migrants’ rights as rooted in an interplay between migrants’ rights-claims and welfare professionals’ attitudes, practices, and collective contestations – highlighting the underexamined relational character of rights. The project investigates the politics of undocumented migrants’ rights as an interplay between different actors with converging interests: Undocumented migrants want access to their human rights – in Arendt’s words they want to have a “right to have rights” – and welfare professionals do not want to act as extended border guards but have a “right to GIVE RIGHTS”.  GIVE RIGHTS will compare Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden and the UK where the protection of undocumented migrants’ access to rights are, or have recently been, undergoing intense negotiations. Through its novel theoretical framework and by innovatively combining survey data with policy mapping, qualitative media analysis, participant observation, focus groups and expert interviews, GIVE RIGHTS provides a new research agenda for theoretical and political debates on the future of human rights in Europe.

Mots-clés : undocumented migrants,human rights,welfare professionals,firewalls
Projet ERC : DEBUGGING-LPS (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : Université de Naples - Frédéric-II — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1954308.0 €

Gut Microbiota is a key actor for human health, driving many physiological and pathological processes, including immune system development and modulation. How this massive population of microorganisms, most of which are bacteria, establishes commensal, mutualistic or pathogenic interactions with the human host despite the vigilance of the immune system, is still obscure and requires an in-depth study. The story gets more intricate considering that gut is home for a myriad of Gram-negative bacteria whose outer membrane main constituent is the lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Due to its chemical structure, LPS is considered a potent elicitor of immune inflammatory reactions in mammals, being usually associated to perilous bacteria and detrimental outcomes for human health. Nevertheless, LPS also decorates the membrane of harmless and beneficial Gram-negatives of gut microbiota. How LPS is tolerated and remains (apparently) silent in the gut is a major unsolved question representing a frontier in our understanding of innate immunity. DEBUGGING-LPS project will contribute to answer this question, starting from the assumption that the chemistry of LPS is the real message taken from human host of the bacterial interaction, either beneficial or harmful. Strategically based on my expertise in organic chemistry, and integrating synthetic chemistry and cellular immunology studies, DEBUGGING-LPS will decrypt the 'chemical language' spoken by LPS in the gut. This project will deliver a clear picture of the chemistry at the basis of the difference between 'good' and 'bad' LPS, providing tools for the exploitation of the acquired knowledge to create novel therapeutics for resolving/mitigating immune disorders. DEBUGGING-LPS has been conceived to go beyond the state-of-the-art, breaking the dogma of LPS as an enemy, leaving space for a new vision of this glycomolecule: i.e. no longer as a toxic bacterial product rather as an immune signal vital for the proper functioning of our body.

Mots-clés : structural glycoscience,glyco immunology,chemical and chemoenzymatic synthesis,gut microbiota,immune modulators,microglia,neural differentiated induced pluripotent stem cells
Projet ERC : FORESEEING (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth System Science
Entité participante : Université de Naples - Frédéric-II — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1144218.0 €

FORESEEING means “FrOm RupturE procesS to Earthquake Early warnING” and is a groundbreaking research project halfway between the investigation of the earthquake generation processes and the implementation of methods for real-time risk mitigation actions. Incredible progress in earthquake source characterization and modelling has been achieved in the last decades. However, the mechanism of nucleation, radiation and arrest of seismic fractures is still poorly understood and with that, the fundamental issue of seismology is still unsolved: “How do earthquakes begin and what does control their final size?” Within FORESEEING, I want to get to the bottom of the earthquake nucleation with all possible means. I want to solve the unsolved issue of how earthquakes start and understand the physical processes of their generation. Once this issue is understood, I want my research outcomes to become a concrete support for the community and be implemented into Earthquake Early Warning systems, for the prompt activation of emergency actions that can save lives, reduce damage, improve resilience. This will be achieved through an interdisciplinary research approach looking at the rupture process from different points of view. Real earthquake data will be used to find out evidence of the nucleation phase of seismic ruptures and to understand the relationship between the observed features of the initial recorded signals and the following evolution of the seismic ruptures. Laboratory experiments will allow to deeply understand which parameters may influence the rupture development and how they are involved in the process. Digital twins will give the chance to explore in great details the fracture processes during crustal earthquakes and investigate faulting mechanism in realistic conditions. The implementation of real-time algorithms for EEW will move the fundamental knowledge beyond the scientific research, becoming a tool to reduce the risk during major earthquakes.

Mots-clés : earthquake nucleation earthquake rupture seismic source rupture modelling laboratory earthquakes digital twins earthquake early warning
Projet ERC : FSSec (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer Science and Informatics
Entité participante : Université technique de Graz — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TU Graz
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1498489.0 €

Security and efficiency are often seen as a conflict. IT already consumes 11% of electricity globally, with a steep upwards trend. Resource sharing increases efficiency but introduces information leakage vulnerabilities, such as Meltdown and Spectre. Reducing reliability margins also increases efficiency but introduces fault attacks, such as Rowhammer and Plundervolt. This reveals a fundamental problem in current systems: Reliability mechanisms are not designed with adversaries in mind. Security is then patched on top of reliability mechanisms, incurring additional energy costs.  We will overcome the conflict between security and efficiency with novel foundations to make security sustainable and use security to increase efficiency. We will research how to measure the efficiency of security, design principled and efficient security mechanisms, utilize security to increase efficiency, secure microarchitectural optimizations, and secure lightweight isolation.  Our methodology is to integrate principled cryptography-grade security into all system layers to minimize and supersede inefficient reliability mechanisms. We will develop a framework for fine-grained energy efficiency measurements. We will research fine-grained replication for side-channel isolation, maintaining efficiency. We will explore selective resource sharing for secure variables, enclaves, and virtual machines, superseding today's inefficient and insecure techniques.  The originality of FSSec stands out in that energy efficiency has played no role in security so far. In particular, using cryptography to replace established error correction methods will be the key to our goal of using security to increase efficiency by 20% compared to current systems. We will construct secure optimizations with fine-grained isolation, increasing the efficiency without adding side channels.  Asst.-Prof. Daniel Gruss heads an internationally renowned security research group. FSSec will fund 6 PhD students.

Mots-clés : side channels,system security,microarchitecture security,efficient security,sustainable security