Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : GrInflaGal (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Universe sciences
Entité participante : Max Planck Society — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : MPG
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1330625.0 €

Over the past two decades, a data-driven revolution has occurred in our understanding of the origin and evolution of our Universe and the structure within it. During this period, cosmology has evolved from a speculative branch of theoretical physics into precision science at the intersection of gravity, particle- and astrophysics. Despite all we have learned, we still do not understand why the Universe accelerates, and how the structure in the Universe originated. Recent breakthrough research, with leading contributions by the PI of this proposal, has shown that we can make progress on these questions using observations of the large-scale structure and its tracers, galaxies. This opens up a fascinating, new interdisciplinary research field: probing Gravity and Inflation with Galaxies. The goal of the proposed research is to first, probe our theory of gravity, General Relativity, on cosmological scales. Second, it aims to shed light on the origin of the initial seed fluctuations out of which all structure in the Universe formed, by constraining the physics and energy scale of inflation. While seemingly unrelated, the main challenge in both research directions consists in understanding the nonlinear physics of structure formation, which is dominated by gravity on scales larger than a few Mpc. By making progress in this understanding, we can unlock a rich trove of information on fundamental physics from large-scale structure. The research goals will be pursued on all three fronts of analytical theory, numerical simulations, and confrontation with data. With space missions, such as Planck and Euclid, as well as ground-based surveys delivering data sets of unprecedented size and quality at this very moment, the proposed research is especially timely. It will make key contributions towards maximizing the science output of these experiments, deepen our understanding of the laws of physics, and uncover our cosmological origins.

Mots-clés : modified gravity,inflation,gravitational waves,large scale structure,galaxies,galaxy clusters
Projet ERC : DrugSense (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : Weizmann Institute of Science — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 150000.0 €

Over-usage of antibiotics in the clinic and in agriculture resulted not only in increased drug resistance among pathogenic bacteria, but also in the spread of antibiotics metabolites in the environment and in our food. This poses multiple significant threats, including the development and expansion of multi-drug resistant pathogens. The health and safety risks imposed by the presence of antibiotics in food, drinking water, and environmental waters raise the strong necessity for continuous monitoring of trace antibiotics levels in multiple media. The EU now obliges food manufacturers to test for antibiotics traces in their products, but current technologies for antibiotics sensing do not provide a complete solution. There is a strong need for antibiotics sensors that would accurately, rapidly and inexpensively report on the presence of antibiotics in various environments. In our ERC-StG project we discovered new RNA leaders (ribo-regulators) that sense very low concentrations of antibiotics, leading to the activation of antibiotics resistance genes. These ribo-regulators thus function as efficient antibiotics sensors. Within the current PoC project we will develop a prototype for a highly sensitive bio-sensor, capable of rapid detection of trace levels of multiple antibiotics in food, water and other substances in a cost-effective manner. Our PoC project involves both prototype development and business development. Within the prototype development we will utilize our earlier discoveries to bio-engineer the antibiotics sensor. Within the business development arm we will perform a thorough market research to identify the market needs, map the competition and pinpoint market segments where our biosensor product would have an advantage over the competition. Our aim is to achieve an IP protected proof of concept prototype that will attract further external investments, leading to spawning of a start up company that will bring our technology to the market.

Mots-clés : antibiotics,sensor,ribo regulator,bacteria
Projet ERC : RECEDE (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : University of Nottingham — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1430667.24 €

Overuse of detention and poor detention conditions create and compound serious problems for societies, presenting significant health and safety risks. Crime rates are not rising, but criminal justice detention is expanding. Substantial literature examines the disproportionate regulation of marginalised groups through criminal justice, but we know remarkably little about the regulation of criminal justice itself. Mechanisms for regulating detention have recently proliferated, but their effects on practice are largely unknown. This is a major evidence gap, which there is a compelling need to address. My project will develop the first comprehensive, empirically generated model of criminal justice detention regulation: RECEDE, which will facilitate new understandings of how detention regulation could improve health and safety – in detention and society. RECEDE will be developed through a multidisciplinary research programme, linking criminology, law, geography and citizen participation studies. My research will create new knowledge about the four fundamental components of the model: i) regulation of the system of interdependent detention institutions, within and across glocal geographical scales, by (quasi-)statutory bodies and by ii) (participatory) voluntary sector organisations; iii) relationships between detention regulation, law and policy ‘on the books’ and ‘bottom up’ norm making in the cells; and iv) the brokerage of innovation in detention regulation and practice. Each component addresses a significant gap in scholarship, which has thus far been constrained by intra- and interdisciplinary silos. RECEDE is informed by actor-network theory (ANT), a sociological method for examining organisation and agency. ANT sensitises researchers to complex realities that might otherwise have remained obscure. ANT has been little used within penology and holds unrealised potential to investigate and reconfigure detention regulation and practice, across local to global scales.

Mots-clés : criminal justice detention,detention regulation,geographical scales,voluntary sector,detainee participation,brokerage,sh2 11 human and social geography
Projet ERC : DiCED (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : University of Manchester — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1366715.0 €

Overview: This project will set a new agenda and direction for the study of political campaigns. It will examine whether and how new digital technologies are transforming election campaigns and citizen behaviour in new and established democracies. More specifically, it will assess claims that democracies are now entering a new data-driven era of political campaigning that is profoundly reconfiguring how campaigns’ are run, who runs them and their implications for the quality of voter decision-making, the vibrancy of political parties and ultimately, the future of representative democracy. It will do so in three main stages: (1) First, it will define what data-driven campaigning is and critically assess whether it forms new and distinct era of electioneering in conceptual and historical terms? In particular, it will argue that the two key traits of this new mode of campaigning are the increased individualization or micro-targeting of party messages and the automated use of misinformation to mobilize and persuade voters. (2) Based on this definition it will map the ‘supply’ of the new mode of campaigning across new and older democracies by designing an innovative new index to compare use of data-driven techniques by parties. Where is it most commonly seen and why are some parties and countries more likely to promote its growth? (3) Finally, it will assess the impact of these new methods on key political actors and assess the consequences for the longer term future of liberal democracy. Does use of these techniques help counter recent declines in voter turnout by identifying under-mobilized groups? Or, do they ensure parties focus on the already engaged, bypassing those that are harder to reach? Can data-driven campaigning improve citizen choices by giving them the information on the issues they primarily care about or does it help to increase disinformation and even manipulation of voter choices?

Mots-clés : digital campaigns,data driven,big data,elections,machine learning,artificial intelligence,fake news,voting,political behaviour,polarisation,knowledge gap
Projet ERC : DiCED (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Understanding targeting limited — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Organismes privés (hors enseignement)
Financement ERC de l'entité : 341204.0 €

Overview: This project will set a new agenda and direction for the study of political campaigns. It will examine whether and how new digital technologies are transforming election campaigns and citizen behaviour in new and established democracies. More specifically, it will assess claims that democracies are now entering a new data-driven era of political campaigning that is profoundly reconfiguring how campaigns’ are run, who runs them and their implications for the quality of voter decision-making, the vibrancy of political parties and ultimately, the future of representative democracy. It will do so in three main stages: (1) First, it will define what data-driven campaigning is and critically assess whether it forms new and distinct era of electioneering in conceptual and historical terms? In particular, it will argue that the two key traits of this new mode of campaigning are the increased individualization or micro-targeting of party messages and the automated use of misinformation to mobilize and persuade voters. (2) Based on this definition it will map the ‘supply’ of the new mode of campaigning across new and older democracies by designing an innovative new index to compare use of data-driven techniques by parties. Where is it most commonly seen and why are some parties and countries more likely to promote its growth? (3) Finally, it will assess the impact of these new methods on key political actors and assess the consequences for the longer term future of liberal democracy. Does use of these techniques help counter recent declines in voter turnout by identifying under-mobilized groups? Or, do they ensure parties focus on the already engaged, bypassing those that are harder to reach? Can data-driven campaigning improve citizen choices by giving them the information on the issues they primarily care about or does it help to increase disinformation and even manipulation of voter choices?

Mots-clés : digital campaigns,data driven,big data,elections,machine learning,artificial intelligence,fake news,voting,political behaviour,polarisation,knowledge gap
Projet ERC : Microbes4U (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc — Pays : Belgique — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 12500.0 €

Overweight and obesity have reached worldwide epidemic level. Both overweight and obesity are characterized by comorbidities such as cardio-metabolic risk factors (i.e., insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, low-grade inflammation) representing a major public health problem. Therefore, it is urgent to find a therapeutic solution to target all these metabolic disorders. Among the environmental factors able to influence the individual susceptibility to gain weight and to develop metabolic disorders associated with obesity, we have contributed to the demonstration that gut bacteria (i.e, gut microbiota) influence host metabolism. We recently discovered a putative interesting microbial candidate, namely Akkermansia muciniphila. More exactly, we found that the administration of Akkermansia muciniphila reduced body weight gain, fat mass gain, glycemia, cholesterolemia and inflammatory markers in diet-induced obese mice. Moreover, in overweight/obese patients subjected to a calorie restriction diet, the higher abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila was associated with a better cardio-metabolic status. These observations suggested that the administration of Akkermansia muciniphila in overweight or obese people could be a very interesting therapeutic solution. Currently, no human study have investigated the beneficial effects of Akkermansia muciniphila administration on obesity and metabolic disorders. Thus, the main objective of this ERC POC project “Microbes4U” is to get the proof of concept in humans of the safety and efficacy of Akkermansia muciniphila administration in the treatment of overweight, obesity and metabolic disorders associated such as insulin resistance, type-2 diabetes and dyslipidemia.

Mots-clés : obesity,diabetes,gut microbiota,akkermansia muciniphila,cardio metabolic risk factors,clinical trial,insulin resistance
Projet ERC : TAROX (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : Karolinska Institutet — Pays : Suède — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : KI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2279406.0 €

Oxidative damage and defects in DNA repair are frequently underlying many diseases, e.g., cancer, autoimmune diseases, ischemia/reperfusion injury, neurodegenerative disorders, viral diseases and ageing. Although some molecular understanding into oxidative DNA lesions and repair proteins exist, a thorough understanding on the link to diseases is largely missing, and therapies exploiting oxidative DNA damage and repair have not emerged. Here, we will study mechanisms of nucleotide metabolism and oxidative DNA damage and repair, and generate tools and make use of ‘omics’ approaches to explore the function of the Nudix and glycosylases family enzymes in relation to oxidative metabolism. Furthermore, we will progress and understand the basic mechanisms how oxidative DNA lesions are processed and kill cells. Importantly, we will develop small molecule inhibitors targeting Nudix and glycosylases, e.g. MTH1, NUDT15 and OGG1, and use our newly developed inhibitors to increase our knowledge of these enzymes in oxidative metabolism and disease. We will further optimize these inhibitors into drugs and explore therapeutic approaches in cancer and inflammation as well as in exploratory studies in a variety of diseases involving oxidative stress. Altogether, in this programme we contribute to deepen our knowledge into the fundamental biology of oxidative stress and its links with disease, and providing the scientific community with an innovative repertoire of selective inhibitors for numerous enzymes involved in repair of oxidative lesions. This will enable exploratory basic science discoveries as well as potential novel therapeutic interventions ‘outside the box’. The programme will also generate high value to the industrial competitiveness of Europe in form of novel inhibitors for treatment of diseases.

Mots-clés : oxidative dna damage,nudix,mth1,drug development,cancer theraphies
Projet ERC : OxygenSensing (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing
Entité participante : Universidad de Sevilla — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2843750.0 €

Oxygen (O2) is essential for life on Earth. This proposal deals with the study of the molecular mechanisms underlying acute O2 sensing by cells, a long-standing issue that is yet to be elucidated. In recent years, the discovery of hypoxia inducible transcription factors and their regulation by the O2-dependent hydroxylases has provided a solid framework for understanding genetic responses to sustained (chronic) hypoxia. However the mechanisms of acute O2 sensing, necessary for the activation of rapid, life-saving, compensatory respiratory and cardiovascular reflexes (e.g. hyperventilation and sympathetic activation), are unknown. While the primary goal of the project is to characterize the molecular mechanisms underlying acute O2 sensing by arterial chemoreceptors (carotid body –CB- and adrenal medulla –AM-), we will also extend our study to other organs (e.g. pulmonary and systemic arteries) of the homeostatic acute O2-sensing system. We will investigate the role of mitochondria, in particular complex I (MCI), in acute O2 sensing. Previous data from our group demonstrated that rotenone, a MCI blocker, selectively occludes responsiveness to hypoxia in CB cells. In addition, our unpublished data indicate that sensitivity to hypoxia (but not to other stimuli) is lost in mice with genetic disruption of MCI genes in CB and AM cells. We have shown that the adult CB is a plastic organ that contains a population of multipotent neural stem cells. Hence, another objective of the project is to study the role of these stem cells in CB modulation (over- or infra-activation), which may participate in the pathogenesis of diseases. In the past, our group has made seminal contributions to unveiling the cellular bases of arterial chemoreception. The discovery of stem cells in the CB and the generation of new genetically modified mouse models, put us in a leading position to elucidate the molecular bases of acute O2 sensing and their biomedical implications.

Mots-clés : oxygen sensing,arterial chemoreceptors,hypoxia,carotid body,adrenal medulla,cell physiology,carotid body stem cells,hypoxemia,neurogenesis
Projet ERC : PATRIMONIVM (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : Université Bordeaux Montaigne — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UBM
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1493478.75 €

PATRIMONIVM aims at conducting the first comprehensive and multidisciplinary socio-economic study of the properties of the Roman emperors from Octavian/Augustus to Diocletian (44 BC – AD 284) using a complete documentary base for the entire Roman world. Imperial properties were extended throughout the empire and included residences, cultivated land, pastureland, woods, mines, quarries, luxury items and slaves. This immense richness was a key element for the maintenance of the position of supreme power, since the emperor could use it to carry out all sort of public expenditure and to confer benefactions to individuals and communities. Moreover, large imperial possessions (vast landed estates, quarries) had relevant local economic repercussions. Since their owner was both the head of the empire and a global economic player, we can trace a tendency to trans-regional uniformity in the patterns of exploitation and a positive effect on the economic and, in a certain way, cultural integration of peripheral areas. No major survey of the available documentation has been produced since the beginning of the 20th century and many questions about the acquisition and use of the properties remain unanswered. The project aims at filling this gap creating a powerful online relational database of all published sources; every record will contain geodata and will be related to separate databases of all known persons (administrators, peasants etc.), regions and bibliographic references. A multidisciplinary and comparative study, developed through the project’s rich scientific activity, will allow to understand the role of the properties as a structuring factor of Roman economy and as a vector of human mobility and socio-cultural transformation. Innovative hypotheses on imperial investments, the role of the emperor’s freedmen and other aspects will be tested. A series of five books, among which an authoritative history of the imperial properties, will disseminate the project’s results.
Projet ERC : POLINEQUAL (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : Sciences Po Grenoble — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : IEP de Grenoble
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 486875.0 €

POLINEQUAL aims to investigate the causes and mechanisms that motivate citizens to respond to economic inequality. Conceptually, it is based on the assumptions that 1) perceptions of economic inequality are biased as they are mediated by justice evaluations and, thus, do not mirror objective levels of economic inequality, 2) perceptions of economic inequality are informed by facts, ideological cues, media representations or personal heuristics, 3) perceptions and evaluations are malleable to the extent that economic inequality is being politicized and becomes politically salient, and 4) politically salient perceptions and evaluations of economic inequality evoke emotional, attitudinal and behavioural responses. In my conceptualization, perceptions of inequality – and justice evaluations that instil them - originate from social norms that are deeply rooted in the ‘moral economies’ of welfare regimes and are malleable as a function of individual exposure to and receptivity of facts, ideological cues, representations and heuristics of economic inequality. POLINEQUAL pursues two paths. First, it investigates the nature of interrelationship between media representations, ideological cues and individual perceptions and evaluations of economic inequality and to what extent the latter are conditioned by collectively shared distributive justice norms. Second, it investigates the impact of politically salient individual perceptions and evaluations of inequality on emotions and political behavior. Its aim is to develop a theoretical framework which explains the causes and mechanisms of individual perceptions of income inequality being contingent on national institutional arrangements, ideological cues, media frames and personal heuristics and destabilizing democracies. The research design is based on a mixed-methods approach, organized in different stages and combining data derived from focus groups, discourse and content analysis, an online survey and an experimental study

Mots-clés : perceptions of inequality,justice evaluations,politicization,discourse,framing