Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : EMERGE (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing
Entité participante : Max Planck Society — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : MPG
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1517513.06 €

Heterogeneity within the endothelium is increasingly recognized in both normal and disease conditions, influencing vascular architecture, structure, and function. The diverse phenotypes that endothelial cells (ECs) adopt suggest substantial plasticity and indicate that heterogeneity is a core property that enables ECs to fulfill their tissue-specific tasks. However, the molecular basis for tissue-specific endothelial differentiation and heterogeneity remains largely unknown. In this project, we will study the impact of environmental context on endothelial specialization and focus on the emerging relationship between metabolism, epigenetics, and cellular differentiation. We hypothesize that organ-specific differences in endothelial metabolic state, through altered epigenetics, promote specialization and thereby contribute to heterogeneity within the vascular system. The proposal rests on the notion that many of the enzymes that erase epigenetic modifications (from DNA and histones) are exquisitely sensitive to changes in metabolism as they utilize cosubstrates that are generated by cellular metabolism. Using a combination of state-of-the-art genetics, high-resolution imaging, metabolomics, and biochemistry, we will study the role of these epigenetic mechanisms for general and organ-specific blood vessel formation (Objective I) and determine their regulation by metabolic and vascular differentiation signals (Objective II). Moreover, we will explore whether metabolic changes during obesity and aging impact the maintenance of endothelial specialization, and assess whether deregulation of metabolic-epigenetic signalling leads to endothelial malfunction and organ failure (Objective III). We trust that the knowledge gained through this project will provide a conceptual framework for understanding how environmental context can drive vascular heterogeneity and, more generally, how alterations in metabolism and nutrition might contribute to vascular-related diseases.

Mots-clés : vascular biology,angiogenesis,endothelial cells,endothelial heterogeneity,endothelial metabolism,vascular disease
Projet ERC : CARINE (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Condensed matter physics
Entité participante : Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CEA
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1793750.0 €

Heterogeneous catalysis of nanoparticles has recently emerged as highly promising way to speed up catalytic processes due to their far higher surface area compared to bulk materials. But they face significant challenges in achieving high catalytic activity and sufficient durability. A key problem has been that all existing approaches to the characterization of atomic scale phenomena in these materials either lack structural specificity or can be employed under highly unrealistic catalytic environments. As an example, operando x-ray catalysis has often been carried out under idealized conditions and averaging information from macroscopic facets. This approach suffers from the lack of transferability to nanocrystalline systems. To tackle this problem, I am developing new state-of-the-art in situ techniques based on coherent x-ray scattering and complementary chemical characterization, with which I will optimize catalyst and reactor operations simultaneously. This is the ambition of the CARINE project to study in situ and operando the structural evolution of catalytic nanoparticles in realistic conditions during reaction by using the unique capabilities of coherent diffraction Bragg imaging (CDI). My proposed work builds on my recent exciting proof-of-concept experiments using Pt nanocrystals that demonstrate the sensitivity and spatial resolution of CDI under liquid conditions. As dedicated instruments for CDI have just reached user operation, it is only now that this new imaging technique can be applied during reaction and can probe structural changes of individual nanocrystals under conditions where up to now, no other techniques could probe the relevant parameters. My project will shed light into most relevant unsolved issues (durability, activity…) that limit the efficiency of today’s industrial processes and will open new horizons with outstanding impact in catalytic research.

Mots-clés : catalysis,strain engineering,surface,interface,defects
Projet ERC : HETEROPOLITICS (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : University of Thessaly — Pays : Grèce — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 36093.75 €

Heteropolitics is a project in contemporary political theory which purports to contribute to the renewal of political thought on the ‘common’ (communities and the commons) and the political in tandem. The common implies a variable interaction between differences which communicate and collaborate in and through their differences, converging partially on practices and particular pursuits. The political pertains to processes through which plural communities manage themselves in ways which enable mutual challenges, deliberation, and creative agency. Since the dawn of the 21st century, a growing interest in rethinking and reconfiguring community has spread among theorists, citizens and social movements (see e.g. Esposito 2013; Dardot & Laval 2014; Amin & Roberts 2008). This has been triggered by a complex tangle of social, economic and political conditions. Climate change, economic crises, globalization, increasing migration flows and the malaise of liberal democracies loom large among them. These issues are essentially political. Rethinking and refiguring communities goes hand in hand thus with rethinking and reinventing politics. Hence ‘hetero-politics’, the quest for another politics, which can establish bonds of commonality across differences and can enable action in common without re-enacting the closures of ‘organic’ community or the violence of transformative politics in the past. Heteropolitics will seek to break new ground by combining an extended re-elaboration of contemporary political theory with a more empirically grounded research into alternative and incipient practices of community building and self-governance in: education; the social economy; art; new modes of civic engagement by young people; new platforms of citizens’ participation in municipal politics; network communities, and other social fields (Relevant cases include Sardex, a community currency in Sardinia; Barcelona en Comú, a citizens’ platform governing the city of Barcelona, etc.)

Mots-clés : community,commons,the political,infrapolitics,heteropolitics
Projet ERC : Hi-EST (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer science and informatics
Entité participante : Barcelona Supercomputing Center — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : BSC
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1467783.0 €

Hi-EST aims to address a new class of placement problem, a challenge for computational sciences that consists in mapping workloads on top of hardware resources with the goal to maximise the performance of workloads and the utilization of resources. The objective of the placement problem is to perform a more efficient management of the computing infrastructure by continuously adjusting the number and type of resources allocated to each workload. Placement, in this context, is well known for being NP-hard, and resembles the multi-dimensional knapsack problem. Heuristics have been used in the past for different domains, providing vertical solutions that cannot be generalised. When the workload mix is heterogeneous and the infrastructure hybrid, the problem becomes even more challenging. This is the problem that Hi-EST plans to address. The approach followed will build on top of four research pillars: supervised learning of the placement properties, placement algorithms for tasks, placement algorithms for data, and software defined environments for placement enforcement. Hi-EST plans to advance research frontiers in four different areas: 1) Adaptive Learning Algorithms: by proposing the first known use of Deep Learning techniques for guiding task and data placement decisions; 2) Task Placement: by proposing the first known algorithm to map heterogeneous sets of tasks on top of systems enabled with Active Storage capabilities, and by extending unifying performance models for heterogeneous workloads to cover and unprecedented number of workload types; 3) Data Placement: by proposing the first known algorithm used to map data on top of heterogeneous sets of key/value stores connected to Active Storage technologies; and 4) Software Defined Environments (SDE): by extending SDE description languages with a still inexistent vocabulary to describe Supercomputing workloads that will be leveraged to combine data and task placement into one single decision-making process.

Mots-clés : supercomputing,high performance computing,cloud computing,scientific computing,resource management,data centric computing,learning algorithms,deep learning,software defined environments
Projet ERC : PARENTIME (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : University of London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : U. London
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1235659.41 €

High socio-economic status parents consistently produce high socio-economic status children. The question is how. The objective of PARENTIME is to develop new socio-economic theories that unpack the detailed mechanisms driving the inter-generational transmission of inequality. Because of data limitations and theoretical traditions, the literature has focused on a narrow conceptualization of parental time (limited to the quantity of time spent with children in different kinds of activities), and a narrow set of child outcomes (limited to educational outcomes and socio-behavioral outcomes during the early years). Thus, while the results from this literature are informative at documenting the phenomenon of inter-generational transmission of human capital, they remain silent about the mechanisms underlying the process. PARENTIME aims to close this gap. In PARENTIME I will take a theoretically-driven Big Data approach by linking large representative 24-hour diary survey data of parents and children with very comprehensive and detailed information on child outcomes from administrative data to: First, go beyond the quantity of parental time to explore the inter-connections between family members and their role in the child’s acquisition of human capital (i.e., the timing and sequence, co-presence, multi-tasking, and instantaneous parental enjoyment). Second, establish long-term effects of parental time investments by looking at a comprehensive set of child human capital measures all the way into the child’s adult life. Third, arrive at a well-coordinated scientific approach, starting at the micro-sequential level of parents and children’s everyday life and building progressively to a macro understanding of the (re)production of socio-economic inequality.

Mots-clés : child development,intergenerational transmission of human capital,time use,household economics,parental time investments,human capital,quantitative methods
Projet ERC : VisuLive (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering
Entité participante : Ben-Gurion University of the Negev — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : BGU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1625000.0 €

High-resolution fluorescence imaging, including super-resolution microscopy and high-speed live cell imaging, are used to obtain quantitative information on the structural organization and kinetics of cellular processes. The contribution of these high-resolution techniques to cell biology was recently demonstrated for dynamin- and ESCRT-driven membrane fission in cells. While they advance our knowledge on membrane fission these techniques do not provide the quantitative information needed to formulate a mechanical understanding of membrane fission in a physiological context, a shortcoming that stresses the need to increase the spatiotemporal resolution and improve the live cell capabilities of these techniques. Substituting the bulky fluorescent protein tags (such as GFP) currently used in live-cell applications with much smaller fluorescent dyes that possess superior photophysical characteristics will markedly improve these advanced imaging techniques. Genetic code expansion and bioorthogonal labeling offer, for the first time, a non-invasive way to specifically attach such fluorescent dyes to proteins in live cells. I, therefore, propose to develop an innovative approach to label cellular proteins with fluorescent dyes via genetic code expansion for quantitative high-resolution live cell imaging of cellular protein complexes. By applying this approach to three distinguished high-resolution methodologies and by visualizing membrane fission in distinct cellular processes in live cells at milliseconds rate and at nanoscale resolution, we aim to decipher the mechanistic principles of membrane fission in cells. As numerous cellular processes rely on membrane fission for their function, such an understanding will have a broad impact on cell biology. The implications of this study reach beyond the scope of membrane fission by offering a new approach to study cellular processes at close-to-real conditions in live cells and at nanoscale resolution.

Mots-clés : unnatural amino acids,bioorthogonal chemistry,organic dyes,light microscopy,membrane remodeling,escrt,dynamin,super resolution imaging,membrane fission,live cell imaging
Projet ERC : Fail Fast (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Proof of concept grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Physical and analytical chemical sciences
Entité participante : Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology — Pays : Suisse — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ETH Zurich
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 150000.0 €

High-resolution protein structures obtained by X-ray diffraction require the production of well-ordered proteins crystals of high quality. However, to produce well-ordered protein crystals, several bottlenecks must be addressed to screen and optimize the thousands of conditions that can lead to crystallization. In this project, we will accelerate the process of protein crystallization by detecting early, i.e., assessing nano-crystal formation and providing immediate feedback, instead of waiting for crystals to grow, thereby saving time and money. We will use nonlinear light scattering that is highly sensitive to crystal formation. In combination with machine learning analysis, we will develop optimization routines to predict the conditions that likely lead to crystallization in a very short time scale, hours, instead of weeks.

Mots-clés : protein crystallization,protein crystal screening,protein crystal optimisation,nonlinear light scattering,second harmonic scattering,drug screening,x ray diffraction,cryoem
Projet ERC : HAP-PHEN (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems
Entité participante : Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : NKI-AVL
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1500000.0 €

High-throughput sequencing methods are breaching the barrier of $1000 per genome. This means that it will become feasible to sequence the genomes of many individual and create a deep catalog of the bulk of human genetic variation. A great task will lie in assigning function to all this genetic variation. Genome wide association studies have already shown that 40% of all loci significantly associated with disease are found in intergenic, supposedly regulatory regions. One of the current challenges in human genetics is that variants that affect expression on a single allele cannot be directly linked, because only have genotype information, rather then haplotype information. The overarching aim of the project is to resolve haplotypes in order to identify genetic variants that affect gene expression. We will do this in three sub-projects. In the first main project we will use 3D genome information gathered from Hi-C experiments to haplotype the genomes of six lymphoblastoid cell lines. We will integrate these data with chromatin profiling and RNAseq data in order to build integrative models for the prediction of gene expression and the effect of genetic variation on gene expression. In the second project we will perform haplotyping the breast cancer genes BRCA1/2 in a large cohort of individuals that come from families with a high-risk of hereditary breast cancer. Allelic imbalance in BRCA1/2 expression levels are known to be associated with an increased risk for breast cancer. We will aim to find genetic variants that are associated with a decreased allelic expression of BRCA1/2 to improve breast cancer risk assessment. Finally, we will develop a novel tool to study 3D genome organization of single alleles, which will allow us to identify how individual alleles are organized in the nucleus and identify multi-way interactions (i.e. involving more than two genomic loci). With this we hope to better understand how complex 3D organization contributes to gene regulation.
Projet ERC : HisTochText (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : École pratique des hautes études — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : EPHE PSL
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1833103.0 €

HisTochText addresses written Buddhist culture of the northern Silk Road in an innovative and path-breaking way, by going beyond the frontier of disciplines which have been cultivated separately: philology, digital humanities and in-depth analysis of materials, edition of Tocharian texts and comparative Buddhist literature, Sanskrit poetics and narratology, texts and social contexts. The flourishing Buddhist culture of the northern Silk Road during the 1st millennium CE in the Tarim Basin in present-day Xinjiang (NW China) is known by archaeological findings, artifacts and manuscripts in various languages. Since Buddhism was introduced from India, Sanskrit was the dominant religious language. By contrast, Tocharian belongs to the few local languages that are known to us thanks to Buddhist written culture. The two closely related Tocharian languages (Tocharian A and Tocharian B) were deciphered in 1908 on the basis of manuscripts discovered at the beginning of the past century in Buddhist sites of this region, together with Sanskrit manuscripts. The collection of the Bibliothèque nationale de France issued from the Pelliot expedition is a major collection of Tocharian manuscripts, counting around 2,000 fragments, second only to the Berlin collection, but in comparison hardly investigated, despite its containing numerous unique masterpieces and the broadest cross-section of manuscript and document styles and types. Only one fourth has been edited, mostly in a provisional manner, without translation nor commentary. Many texts of the Pelliot collection, literary and non-literary, are of the utmost importance because they have no match in any other collection of Tocharian manuscripts, nor in Buddhist corpora in other languages. As most Pelliot manuscripts in Sanskrit and in Tocharian were found in Buddhist sites of the Kucha region, the comprehensive edition and analysis of the texts will provide precious information about an important centre of Central Asian Buddhism.
Projet ERC : CrossLingference (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Complexity
Entité participante : University of Tübingen — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2500000.0 €

Historical linguistics and linguistic typology share the objective of explaining cross-linguistic variation. Their traditional research agendas have been largely disjoint though since historical linguistics strives for depth and typology for breadth. This tension has been replicated in current statistical and computational renderings of two sub-disciplines. Computational models of language change generally focus on individual language families, while statistical typology pays little attention to diachronic processes. CrossLingference will bridge this gap. Using Bayesian hierarchical models, the reach of modern phylogenetic linguistics will be extended to cross-family models, where each lineage is assumed to follow its own dynamics, but cross-family variation is constrained and data from one family are used to make inference about the processes in other families. At the same time, state-of-the-art generalized linear mixed models will be extended to control both for genealogical history and language contact. These model-based approaches will be complemented by agent-based simulations. CrossLingference will implement this general programme for the following domains of application, securing a lasting impact both on statistical typology and on computational historical linguistics: - Sound laws in language change, enabling automatic reconstruction of proto-language vocabulary, - Causal relationships between typological variables. - Factoring of universal tendencies, historical contingencies and language contact in explaining variation in word-order types and inflectional paradigms.

Mots-clés : historical linguistics,linguistic typology,phylogenetic inference,bayesian inference,hierarchical models