Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : VIRMETAL (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : IMDEA
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2466250.0 €

The project VIRMETAL is aimed at developing multiscale modeling strategies to carry out virtual design, virtual processing and virtual testing of advanced metallic alloys for engineering applications so new materials can be designed, tested and optimized before they are actually manufactured in the laboratory. The focus of the project is on materials engineering i.e. understanding how the structure of the materials develops during processing (virtual processing), the relationship between this structure and the properties (virtual testing) and how to select materials for a given application (virtual design). Multiscale modeling will be tackled using a bottom-up, hierarchical, modeling approach. Modeling efforts will begin with ab initio simulations and bridging of the length and time scales will be accomplished through different multiscale strategies which will encompass the whole range of length and time scales required by virtual design, virtual processing and virtual testing. Nevertheless, not everything can or should be computed and critical experiments are an integral part of the research program for the calibration and validation of the multiscale strategies. The research will be focused on two cast metallic alloys from the Al-Si-Mg and Mg-Al-Zn systems. The expected breakthrough is precisely to demonstrate that the structure and properties of two standard engineering alloys of considerable industrial interest can be obtained from first principles by bridging a cascade of modeling tools at the different length scales. Once this is proven, further research will lead to the continuous expansion of both the number and the capability of multiscale simulation tools, leading to widespread application of Computational Materials Engineering in academia and industry. This will foster the implementation of this new revolutionary technology in leading European industries from aerospace, automotive, rail transport, energy generation and engineering sectors.

Mots-clés : integrated computational materials engineering,multiscale materials modelling
Projet ERC : GENESIS (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental constituents of matter
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 3314269.0 €

The project aim is to perform the first direct measurements of neutron capture and beta-decay rates related to the “r-process” of nucleosynthesis. This process, based on squeezing at once multiple neutrons in a nucleus, is presently thought to be the main mechanism that forms the heaviest elements in our Solar System and in stars. At present, there are large discrepancies between the observed element abundances in stars and those found from simulations. It is speculated that this problem stems from the uncertainties in nuclear parameters, particularly in the plasma environment. These nuclear parameters have not been experimentally verified due to the too-low flux of current neutron facilities and the lack of means to create on-site hot and dense plasmas. Lasers are not the first thing that comes to mind as a neutron source, but with the upcoming ultra high-power laser facilities (Apollon in 2018 and ELI-NP in 2019), high-density and high-energy protons can be generated. Through spallation, these can then produce neutrons with the needed flux, a flux comparable to that found in Supernovae. To further emulate the astrophysical scenario, auxiliary lasers can be used to turn the target material into a plasma. In practice, this project will aim to measure neutron capture and beta-decay rates, as well as yields and abundances of the products of nucleosynthesis obtained by exposing heavy-ion targets to laser-produced extreme neutron fluxes. These targets will be either in a plasma or a solid state. In plasmas, we will investigate the effect of excited nuclear states, created by the plasma photons and electrons, on neutron capture. In solid targets, we will take advantage of the unique possibility of generating on-site unstable nuclei, and then re-expose them to the neutron beam in order to measure double neutron capture.

Mots-clés : nucleosynthesis,neutron source,r process,proton source
Projet ERC : OurMythicalChildhood (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : University of Warsaw — Pays : Pologne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UW
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 915375.0 €

The project aims at developing a pioneering approach to the reception of Classical Antiquity in children’s and young adults’ contemporary culture. This newly identified research field offers valuable insights into the processes leading to the formation of the culture recipients’ identities along with their initiation into adulthood. However, the most vital potential of this phenomenon remains unexploited, for the research is still selective, focused mainly on Western culture. With my project, I intend to overcome these limitations by applying regional perspectives without the pejorative implication of regional as parochial or inferior. I recognize regions as extremely valuable contexts of the reception of Antiquity, which is not only passively taken in, but also actively reshaped in children’s and young adults’ culture in response to regional and global challenges. Thus, the essence of this innovative approach consists in comparative studies of differing reception models not only across Europe but also America, Australia & New Zealand and – a bold but necessary step – in parts of the world not commonly associated with Graeco-Roman tradition: Africa and Asia. The shared heritage of Classical Antiquity, recently enhanced by the global influence of popular culture (movies, Internet activities, computer games inspired by the classical tradition), gives a unique opportunity – through the reception filter – to gain deeper understanding of the key social, political and cultural transformations underway at various locations. The added value of this original research, carried out by an international team of scholars, will be its extremely broad impact on the frontiers of scholarship, education and culture: we will elaborate a supra-regional survey of classical references, publish a number of analyses of crucial reception cases, and prepare materials on how to use ancient myths in work with disabled children, thus contributing to integration and stimulating cultural exchange.

Mots-clés : classics,classical reception studies,children s literature,children s culture,young adults  literature,young adults  culture,classical mythology,ancient greece,ancient rome
Projet ERC : EXORADIO (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Universe sciences
Entité participante : Observatoire de Paris — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : Observatoire Paris
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 250000.0 €

The project aims at expanding the planetology, exoplanets and space weather fields by obtaining the first confirmed detections and subsequent in-depth studies of radio emissions from exoplanets. Origin of the emissions can be the magnetosphere of the exoplanet or its plasma interaction with its parent star. Magnetospheres of Solar System planets are very diverse, although emerging from the same basic plasma physics laws. Better sampling the parameter space by exploring various stellar luminosities and winds properties, planetary magnetic fields, geometries of interaction, will allow us to identify fundamental processes and separate them from the specificities of each system, as was done earlier for the question of planetary formation. Although recent observations at 100-200 MHz from large modern radiotelescopes may be revealing the first star-planet plasma interactions, I show why our searches must concentrate at the lowest frequencies observable from the ground, 10 to 85 MHz, and why intense enough signal should exist at these frequencies. The world’s most sensitive instrument in this range, NenuFAR, of which I am principal investigator, is now operational, and I will use it to conduct the largest ever exoplanet search program at radio frequencies. The main analysis tools have been developed and tested on LOFAR data, and the frame for interpreting theoretically the detected signals is ready. I took a large part in all these developments. I am thus at the right place and time to get the detections that will open the new field of comparative exo-magnetospheric physics and exo-space weather, as well as open a new window to study exoplanets, their magnetic field, interior structure, rotation, inclination, the parent-star interaction, and even habitability. These revolutionary developments will usher a new era in astrophysics. While studying the northern low-frequency sky with NenuFAR, I will also prepare in a timely way our exploration of the southern sky with SKA.

Mots-clés : exoplanets,star planet interaction,magnetic field,magnetospheres,radioastronomy,low frequencies,space weather,habitability
Projet ERC : SPEECHREPORTING (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Complexity
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499375.0 €

The project explores the role of discourse reporting in West African storytelling and the grammatical strategies used by storytellers to achieve their goals. It focuses on three phenomena characteristic of the narrative grammar of a number of West African languages: - logophoricity, or the use of special markers to signal self-reference by characters other than the current narrator, - the use of quotative markers (commonly described as "epistemic validators"), - and the use of foreign language or modified versions of the native language to represent the speech of certain characters. The different phenomena are argued to serve the same purpose: they help speakers manage the distance between the role of the current narrator and the roles of story characters that the same speaker performs. The use of specific discourse reporting strategies is therefore closely related to the modes of textual production and performance in the culture-specific narrative genres, and to the construction of deixis in relation to the event of narration. The comparative part of the project analyses similarities and differences in the ways discourse reporting functions in several West African cultures with similar data from an unrelated cultural area: the Turkic-speaking areas of Central Russia. The comparison of the organization of the same functional domain in two typologically and culturally distinct areas will assist in advancing our knowledge of universal structural and cognitive motivations underlying typologically diverse and culture-specific systems of discourse reporting.

Mots-clés : african languages,folklore,narrative strategies
Projet ERC : PhilPharm (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : LMU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 856915.95 €

The project intends addresses safety assessment in pharmacology with a view on philosophical work on causality and causal inference from statistical data ((Pearl 2000; Spirtes, Glymour, Scheines 2000, Woodward 2003, Cartwright, 2007b). This interest is motivated by the fact that current evidence standards emphasize internal validity of studies and hence randomization, disregarding alternative routes to causal assessment, such as the joint support of different sorts of evidence to a given hypothesis. This may be particularly detrimental in that, much of the evidence for harms comes from anecdotal reports, case series, or survey data, which standard guidelines of evidence evaluation regard as being of poorer quality with respect to controlled (randomized) experiments. Although the role of this "lower level" evidence is increasingly acknowledged to be a valid source of information for the risk profile of medications (Howick et al. 2009, Hauben and Aronson, 2007), current practices have difficulty in assigning it a precise epistemic status and integrating it with more standard methods of hypothesis testing. The philosophical debate has already addressed similar questions in relation to the assessment of treatment efficacy (Worral 2010, Papineau, 1993; Cartwright, 2007). However, none of these contributions expressly addresses the specific issues arising in causal assessment for harms. The project intends to change the evidence standards for safety assessment by providing a unified framework for the amalgamation of diverse evidence in safety assessment. In particular, the project intends to: 1) present a foundational analysis on statistical/causal inference with a focus on safety assessment; 2) Build a unified epistemic framework within which different kinds of evidence can be combined and used for decision; 3) Provide the theoretical framework for the development of new standards of drug evaluation.

Mots-clés : philosophy of science,bayesian epistemology,evidence,causal modelling,bayesian nets,adverse drug reactions,risk management
Projet ERC : PhilPharm (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : Marche Polytechnic University — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 643084.05 €

The project intends addresses safety assessment in pharmacology with a view on philosophical work on causality and causal inference from statistical data ((Pearl 2000; Spirtes, Glymour, Scheines 2000, Woodward 2003, Cartwright, 2007b). This interest is motivated by the fact that current evidence standards emphasize internal validity of studies and hence randomization, disregarding alternative routes to causal assessment, such as the joint support of different sorts of evidence to a given hypothesis. This may be particularly detrimental in that, much of the evidence for harms comes from anecdotal reports, case series, or survey data, which standard guidelines of evidence evaluation regard as being of poorer quality with respect to controlled (randomized) experiments. Although the role of this "lower level" evidence is increasingly acknowledged to be a valid source of information for the risk profile of medications (Howick et al. 2009, Hauben and Aronson, 2007), current practices have difficulty in assigning it a precise epistemic status and integrating it with more standard methods of hypothesis testing. The philosophical debate has already addressed similar questions in relation to the assessment of treatment efficacy (Worral 2010, Papineau, 1993; Cartwright, 2007). However, none of these contributions expressly addresses the specific issues arising in causal assessment for harms. The project intends to change the evidence standards for safety assessment by providing a unified framework for the amalgamation of diverse evidence in safety assessment. In particular, the project intends to: 1) present a foundational analysis on statistical/causal inference with a focus on safety assessment; 2) Build a unified epistemic framework within which different kinds of evidence can be combined and used for decision; 3) Provide the theoretical framework for the development of new standards of drug evaluation.

Mots-clés : philosophy of science,bayesian epistemology,evidence,causal modelling,bayesian nets,adverse drug reactions,risk management
Projet ERC : PhiGe (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : University of London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : U. London
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 0.0 €

The project pioneers a multilingual approach to African philosophy, based on an understanding of philosophy as expressed through texts. In contrast to definitions of philosophical texts as non-fictional, written sources (Hountondji), we insist on a much more inclusive definition of “text”: both oral and written texts, fictional and non-fictional ones, public and private ones are considered in this project. A rigorous study of texts, working across multiple genres and several languages, is the first step in the development of an African philosophy derived from local African cultures, rather than from global, colonial or neo-colonial concerns, as is to date the case in the “mainstream” discipline of “African Philosophy”. This project establishes such a textual basis for African philosophy. This bottom-up approach necessitates a reconsideration of the nature, methods, and themes of philosophy, but also of its textual strategies, its use of language, of the nature of representation, and of the relationship between imaginative literature and theoretical thought. The key premise of our project is that to understand the philosophical meaning of texts, it is necessary to start with an analysis of textual genres. Genres anchor texts in context, in culture and language. How exactly does genre impact meaning? To answer this central question of our research, we work comparatively on several genres of literature in eight African and European languages. The case studies include the essay in Ciluba and French, the novel in Swahili, Shona, Ciluba, Lingala, French, and English, digital texts such as blogs and social media, scenario planning narratives, Sufi poetry in Swahili and Wolof, and Alexis Kagame’s poetic work in Kinyarwanda and French, travestying the traditional genres of dynastic, heroic and pastoral poetry. Challenging the conventional limits of both philosophy and literature, our approach allows new, topical philosophical concerns to emerge from this textual basis.

Mots-clés : african philosophy,textual study of philosophy,literary genre
Projet ERC : ATTO (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Systems and communication engineering
Entité participante : Ghent University — Pays : Belgique — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UGent
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2496250.0 €

The project will address the following key question: How can we provide fibre-like connectivity to moving objects (robots, humans) with the following characteristics: very high dedicated bitrate of 100 Gb/s per object, very low latency of <10 μs, very high reliability of 99.999%, very high density of more than one object per m2 and this at low power consumption? Achieving this would be groundbreaking and it requires a completely new and high-risk approach: applying close proximity wireless communications using low interference ultra-small cells (called “ATTO-cells”) integrated in floors and connected to antennas on the (parallel) floor-facing surface of ground moving objects. This makes it possible to obtain very high densities with very good channel conditions. The technological challenges involved are groundbreaking in mobile networking (overall architecture, handover with extremely low latencies), wireless subsystems (60 GHz substrate integrated waveguide-based distributed antenna systems connected to RF transceivers integrated in floors, low crosstalk between ATTO-cells) and optical interconnect subsystems (simple non-blocking optical coherent remote selection of ATTO-cells, transparent low power 100 Gb/s coherent optical / RF transceiver interconnection using analogue equalization and symbol interleaving to support 4x4 MIMO). By providing this unique communication infrastructure in high density settings, the ATTO concept will not only support the highly demanding future 5G services (UHD streaming, cloud computing and storage, augmented and virtual reality, a range of IoT services, etc.), but also even more demanding services, that are challenging our imagination such as mobile robot swarms or brain computer interfaces with PFlops computing capabilities. This new concept for ultra-high capacity wireless networks will open up many more opportunities in reconfigurable robot factories, intelligent hospitals, flexible offices, dense public spaces, etc.
Projet ERC : ASA (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : University of London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : U. London
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1870665.0 €

The project will develop a new ethnography of statehood through architecture. It goes beyond conventional approaches to statehood, which describe states as an objectively existing set of tools used to run a country, and critical approaches that understand them as discursive constructs. Instead, this research understands statehood as a result of the relationship between functions and symbols, and will read it through an innovative new methodology, namely a study of state architecture. The study will focus on state buildings in Africa. African statehood, uncertain and often ambiguous, in many cases profoundly shaped by colonial heritages and post-colonial relationships, is reflected in classical-colonial, modernist-nationalist and post-modern or vernacular styles of architecture. African state buildings reveal the complex interplay of ideas, activities and relationships that together constitute an often uncomfortable statehood. They symbolise the state, embodying and projecting ideas of it through their aesthetics; they enable its concrete functions and processes; and they reveal what citizens think about the state in the ways they describe and negotiate them. The study is comparative, multi-layered and interdisciplinary. It focuses on five countries (South Africa, DR Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire), exploring politics and statehood on domestic, regional and international levels, and drawing on theory and methods from political science, history, sociology, art and architecture theory. It employs innovative ethnographic methods, including the collection and display of photographs in interactive exhibitions staged in Africa to explore the ways citizens think about and use state buildings. This project will provide an innovative reading of how African statehood is expressed and how it looks and feels to African citizens. In doing this, it will make a distinctive new contribution to understanding how statehood works everywhere.

Mots-clés : states,africa,architecture