Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : ARBODYNAMIC (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution
Entité participante : University of Cambridge — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : U. Cambridge
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1463646.0 €

Arboviruses infect millions of people each year, however, mechanisms that drive viral emergence and maintenance remain largely unknown. A combination of host factors (e.g., human mobility), mosquito factors (e.g., abundance) and viral factors (e.g., transmissibility) interconnect to drive spread. Further, for endemic arboviruses, complex patterns of population immunity, built up over many years, appear key to the emergence of particular lineages. To disentangle the contribution of these different drivers, we need detailed data from the same pathogen system over a long time period from the same location. In addition, we need new methods, which can integrate these different data sources and allow appropriate mechanistic inferences. In this project, I will use the most globally prevalent arbovirus, dengue virus, as a case study. I will focus on Thailand where all four dengue serotypes have circulated endemically for decades and excellent long-term data and isolates exist, to address two fundamental questions: i) How do population-level patterns of immunity evolve over time and what is their impact on strain dynamics? I will use mechanistic models applied to historic serotype-specific case data to reconstruct the evolving immune profile of the population and explore the impact of immunity on viral diversity using sequences from archived isolates from each year over a 50-year period. ii) How do human behaviors, vector densities interact with immunity to dictate spread? I will work with geolocated full genome sequences from across Thailand and use detailed data on how people move, their contact patterns, their immunity profiles and mosquito distributions to study competing hypotheses of how arboviruses spread. I will compare the key drivers of dengue spread with that found for outbreaks of Zika and chikungunya. This proposal addresses fundamental questions about the mechanisms that drive arboviral emergence and spread that will be relevant across disease systems.

Mots-clés : arboviruses,human behavior,antigenic evolution,immunity
Projet ERC : RECEIVE (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Cellular, Developmental and Regenerative Biology
Entité participante : Technical University of Munich — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : TUM
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 993071.05 €

Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is an ancient plant-fungus symbiosis that is wide-spread in the plant kingdom. AM improves plant nutrition, stress resistance and general plant performance and thus represents a promising addition to sustainable agricultural practices. Mineral nutrients are released from the fungus to the plant at highly branched hyphal structures, the arbuscules, which form inside root cortex cells. Like the cells of other multicellular eukaryotes, plant cells show a remarkable developmental plasticity. Single cell re-differentiation is a fascinating process during arbuscule development, which can be conceptually separated into distinct stages controlled by the plant cell which precisely guide the step-wise formation of different parts of the arbuscule. It involves cell autonomous transcriptional reprogramming and subcellular remodelling, leading to repositioning of subcellular structures, cell polarization and multiplication of organelles. It is currently unknown how cell-autonomous reprogramming during arbuscule development is regulated. RECEIVE utilizes an integrated strategy combining transcriptional profiling, transcription factor identification, interaction network analysis with reverse genetics and cell biological techniques to understand the coordinated step-wise progression of arbuscule development. RECEIVE builds on the hypothesis that each stage of arbuscule development is accompanied by a stage-specific wave of gene expression and that transcriptional regulation is a key determinant of the developmental progress from stage to stage. The characterisation of these waves and the identification of the underlying transcriptional regulatory nodes is the focus of this project. RECEIVE aims to bridge a major knowledge gap about the molecular basis of one of the most important symbioses on earth.

Mots-clés : transcriptional regulation,root symbiosis,plant biology,arbuscular mycorrhiza,transient cell differentiation
Projet ERC : IslamAnimals (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : LMU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2343661.0 €

Are animals conscious? Can they think or feel emotions? What makes them different from humans on the one hand and plants on the other? And how should we treat them? This project will bring to light a rich body of texts written in the Islamic world, which address just such questions about the value and nature of animals. Contrary to common assumptions, such questions were taken seriously in pre-modern thought. Scholars have explored ancient Greek and Indian discussions of animals, but little attention has been paid to the contribution of Islamic culture, which produced e.g. philosophical and scientific works on animals, moralizing fables featuring animal characters, and treatises on veterinary medicine and on the types and uses of animals. We will uncover the changing conceptions of animals revealed in such works, taking an innovative approach which explores the interaction between descriptive and normative accounts of animals. We seek to understand, for instance, how developments in ideas about animal souls impacted ideas about the ethical treatment of animals. We will also investigate the historical genesis of this corpus of texts on animals, by exploring the influence of three literary traditions: Aristotelian zoology, medicine, and the founding religious texts of Islam. An ideal host environment, along with the PI’s expertise in Greek-Arabic cultural transmission and prior work on the interaction between philosophy, medicine, and theology, provide an ideal opportunity to explore the shift in attitudes towards animals that grew out of these three traditions. The impact of the project will be three-fold. It will (1) open up the philosophy of animals as a hitherto neglected field within Islamic studies; (2) provide a generalizable model of research on the interplay between normative and descriptive drivers of conceptual change; and (3) demonstrate that classical Islamic culture can speak to a moral issue that is hotly debated in contemporary European society.

Mots-clés : animals,zoology,islam,arabic,medicine
Projet ERC : ArmEn (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : Ruhr University Bochum — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : RUB
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 155534.29 €

ArmEn seeks to establish a new framework for studying the southern Caucasus, eastern Anatolia and northern Mesopotamia (CAM) as a space of cultural entanglements between the 9th to 14th centuries. It argues that this region is key to understanding the history of medieval Eurasia but has so far been completely neglected by the burgeoning field of Global Middle Ages. The CAM was on the crossroads of expanding Eurasian empires and population movements, but was removed from major hubs of power. Poly-centrism; political, ethno-linguistic, and religious heterogeneity; frequently shifting hegemonic hierarchies were key aspects of its, nevertheless, inter-connected landscape. This fluidity and complexity left its mark on the cultural products – textual and material – created in the CAM. ArmEn aims to trace shared features in the multi-lingual textual and artistic production of CAM and correlate them to the circulation of ideas and concepts, as well as to real-life interactions, between multiple groups, identifying the locations and agents of entanglements. The large but under-utilised body of Armenian sources to be explored together with those in Arabic, Georgian, Greek, Persian, Syriac, and Turkish, will illuminate cultural entanglements between Muslim and Christian Arabs, Byzantines, Syriac Christians, Georgians, Caucasian Albanians, Turko-Muslim dynasties, Kurds, Iranians, Western Europeans, and Mongols, that inhabited, conquered, or passed through and produced cultural goods in CAM. Evidence from manuscript illuminations and numismatics will provide a material cultural dimension to the analysis. ArmEn will create a trans-cultural vision of the CAM, bridging area studies into a unifying framework, bringing together various disciplinary approaches (philology, literary criticism, religious studies, art history, numismatics, etc.), to build a narrative synthesis in which the dynamics of cross-cultural entanglements in the CAM emerge in their spatial and temporal dimensions.

Mots-clés : armenian sources,medieval southern caucasus,eastern anatolia,northern mesopotamia,christian muslim dynamics
Projet ERC : ArmEn (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : University of Florence — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1844459.71 €

ArmEn seeks to establish a new framework for studying the southern Caucasus, eastern Anatolia and northern Mesopotamia (CAM) as a space of cultural entanglements between the 9th to 14th centuries. It argues that this region is key to understanding the history of medieval Eurasia but has so far been completely neglected by the burgeoning field of Global Middle Ages. The CAM was on the crossroads of expanding Eurasian empires and population movements, but was removed from major hubs of power. Poly-centrism; political, ethno-linguistic, and religious heterogeneity; frequently shifting hegemonic hierarchies were key aspects of its, nevertheless, inter-connected landscape. This fluidity and complexity left its mark on the cultural products – textual and material – created in the CAM. ArmEn aims to trace shared features in the multi-lingual textual and artistic production of CAM and correlate them to the circulation of ideas and concepts, as well as to real-life interactions, between multiple groups, identifying the locations and agents of entanglements. The large but under-utilised body of Armenian sources to be explored together with those in Arabic, Georgian, Greek, Persian, Syriac, and Turkish, will illuminate cultural entanglements between Muslim and Christian Arabs, Byzantines, Syriac Christians, Georgians, Caucasian Albanians, Turko-Muslim dynasties, Kurds, Iranians, Western Europeans, and Mongols, that inhabited, conquered, or passed through and produced cultural goods in CAM. Evidence from manuscript illuminations and numismatics will provide a material cultural dimension to the analysis. ArmEn will create a trans-cultural vision of the CAM, bridging area studies into a unifying framework, bringing together various disciplinary approaches (philology, literary criticism, religious studies, art history, numismatics, etc.), to build a narrative synthesis in which the dynamics of cross-cultural entanglements in the CAM emerge in their spatial and temporal dimensions.

Mots-clés : armenian sources,medieval southern caucasus,eastern anatolia,northern mesopotamia,christian muslim dynamics
Projet ERC : MUSAiC (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : KTH Royal Institute of Technology — Pays : Suède — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : KTH
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1987918.0 €

Artificial intelligence (AI) is an especially disruptive technology, impacting a growing number of domains in ways both beneficial and detrimental. It is even showing surprising impacts in the Arts, provoking questions fundamental to philosophy, law, and engineering, not to mention practices in the Arts themselves. MUSAiC is an interdisciplinary research venture confronting questions and challenges at the frontier of the AI disruption of music. It aims to analyze, criticize and fundamentally broaden the AI transformation of three interrelated music practices: 1) listening, 2) composition and performance, and 3) analysis and criticism. For each practice, and grounded in two specific music traditions (Irish and Swedish), MUSAiC will document and critically analyze the impacts of and ethical issues surrounding AI. MUSAiC will formulate and implement the first music pedagogy for AI, the lack of which continues to result in the creation of AI systems that have only a surface knowledge of music. From this pedagogy, MUSAiC will develop new holistic methods for understanding and benchmarking AI, and improving them and their application. It will implement and test novel AI systems that dynamically adapt to specific users as “digital apprentices”, thus bringing human-AI music partnerships to new levels of fruitfulness. The outcomes of MUSAiC will facilitate applications of AI to music in robust and responsible ways, impacting a wide variety of stakeholders. It will not only prepare music practitioners and audiences of the present (human and artificial) for new ways of listening, working, appraising, and developing the art form, but will also pave the way for analyzing, criticizing and broadening the AI transformation of the other Arts. The PI, a leading figure in music AI and music informatics, is employed at a world-leading research department at the top-rated technical university in Sweden. He is also a composer, frequently illustrating his research outcomes through music.

Mots-clés : music pedagogy for ai
Projet ERC : PeopleAndWriting (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : Universidad de Salamanca — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : USAL
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 995040.0 €

As a rule, only those medieval manuscripts that were of interest for the powerful have been preserved. Extant codices were cherished throughout centuries as tangible signs of cultural pre-eminence and carriers of the sacred word; charters were kept as custodians of patrimony and witness to the history of institutions, proclaiming the reasons why monasteries and cathedrals should be revered. But against this rule, other manuscripts that did not directly serve the purposes of high-status minorities were created and are still around. Codices that, belonging to an ecclesiastical rite that was suppressed, should not survive today, but were kept as guardians of tradition. Charters that, intermingled with royal diplomas, have survived without an apparent reason for they do not relate to privileges granted. These sources show us a different side of medieval society in which non-powerful individuals outside central institutions played a crucial role in understanding the implications of written communication, shaping their social memory and that of their past by fully integrating writing in their lives. PeopleAndWriting aims at exploring this common people-writing pairing to uncover what writing meant for lay communities, how it modelled their daily life, and how the use of writing individualised people within their group. From the interdisciplinary study of theses sources that defy the rule, the project proposes a novel method combining approaches from Manuscript Studies to Anthropology to, based upon the graphical, textual, and historical analysis of the sources, reveal the hidden history of the people who wrote, signed, read, and kept handwritten material. Moreover, by focusing on a hitherto unmapped corpus of manuscripts from the Iberian Peninsula, which will be made openly available to the general public, the project aims to integrate Iberia in the recently opened general debate on Medieval Communication, exploring new avenues of research on Written Culture.

Mots-clés : palaeography,history of written culture,diplomatics,documentary practices and uses,medieval written communication,medieval history
Projet ERC : NANOVR (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Physical and analytical chemical sciences
Entité participante : University of Bristol — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 0.0 €

As molecular scientists have made progress in their ability to engineer and design the structure of mo-lecular systems at the nano-scale, a new fundamental challenge has emerged: namely, our ability to un-derstand and engineer molecular dynamics (MD) and flexibility. This limits our ability to carry out effi-cient molecular engineering in a range of important areas, including enzymatic catalysis, ligand-protein kinetics, and molecular signalling. In principle, MD simulations offer an excellent tool for furnishing microscopic insight into the fundamental dynamical and kinetic processes driving important molecular processes. However, the potential energy surfaces which characterize complex nano architectures have an extremely high dimensionality, making the exploration of structural dynamics a challenge; simula-tions tend to get trapped in metastable states, making it difficult to explore important transition path-ways. Drawing on the state-of-the-art in high performance computing [HPC] and virtual reality [VR], NanoVR will develop a new paradigm for undertaking nano-scale design, engineering, and analysis, through a synergistic combination of human design insight on the one hand and computational automation on the other. We will develop an intuitive open-source framework which enables molecular scientists to use VR-enabled interactive MD for guiding the automatic calculation of free energies along dynamical pathways in complex systems. We will highlight the power of this approach by applying it to under-stand enzyme-catalysed peptide macrocyclization, as well as the key protein-ligand interactions re-sponsible for emerging drug resistant strains of influenza. In so doing, we will advance fundamental new microscopic insight into molecular conformational dynamics, and grow a thriving user & develop-er community across both academia and industry committed to accelerating molecular design across important domains spanning biochemistry, materials chemistry, & catalysis.

Mots-clés : virtual reality,molecular design,catalysis,drug design
Projet ERC : DigitalGovernance (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Freie Universität Berlin — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : FU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499160.0 €

As new information technologies and the advent of “big data” are reshaping societies around the globe, inquiries into the nature and varieties of digital governance and their consequences become increasingly urgent. “Smart cities” are mushrooming particularly quickly in China, which is home to more than half of the more than 1,000 smart cities worldwide. These city governments have begun to experiment with digital technologies to harness the power of big data analytics for governing society. Emerging practices have momentous implications for the organisation of social, political and economic life in China and globally. A systematic study has yet to address the lacking empirical and conceptual understanding of digitalising governance practices in authoritarian China. The project seizes a unique opportunity to witness “natural experiments” of digital government modes as they emerge from China’s advanced smart cities. A political economy framework and policy cycle analysis will be used to study the interplay between government, businesses and citizens in local decision-making as digital technologies are increasingly integrated into the process. Through mixed-method, the project will achieve three objectives: 1. Study the variation in local digital governance modes and understand why these modes evolved in different ways. 2. Explore the mechanisms through which digital technologies are integrated into local decision-making processes and governance structures. 3. Assess the impacts of new digital governance modes for citizens, businesses and the state. Findings will generate new empirical data, on the basis of which it will be possible to push the conceptualisation of emerging digital governance modes and the assessment of their benefits and risks. The project will significantly add to the field of digital governance in authoritarian states and will contribute to debates reaching beyond the China context about societal change under advancing digitalisation.

Mots-clés : china,local government,digital technologies,smart cities
Projet ERC : OPTINT (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer science and informatics
Entité participante : Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology — Pays : Suisse — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ETH Zurich
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1500000.0 €

As technology moves further away from the desktop setting, it is becoming increasingly clear that conventional interfaces (i.e., mice and keyboards) are no longer adequate means for interaction and that the traditional computing paradigm will be replaced or complemented by new forms of interaction such as wearable computing, head-worn displays, AR and VR. The main goal of OPTINT is to lay the foundations of design and implementation of 21st century interactive technologies. While contemporary user interface (UI) design techniques have been developed for the era of the PC, modern user interfaces are much more diverse and have to be designed for challenging contexts such as embedded and wearable computers, augmented and virtual reality (AR/VR), the Internet of the Things (IoT) and intelligent robotics. Furthermore, instead of flat, rectangular 2D devices, things will be flexible and of custom shape; instead of mass-produced we’ll use 3D printing to customize all types of technology and end-user designed interactive objects are becoming a reality. Designing in such context requires expertise in a large and diverse set of domains ranging from hardware-level sensor design all the way to user experience aspects. These requirements go largely beyond traditional UI design techniques, calling for next generation tools that can integrate all of them in a unified manner. Embracing these challenges, I argue for a novel approach to the design of interactive devices, leveraging optimization algorithms allowing the designer to focus on user experience instead of having to worry about technical details. OPTINT will deliver an optimization-based framework and a set of easy to use tools that allow user-experience (UX) designers and domain experts to develop a broad range of interactive technologies.