Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : iHEART (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : Politecnico di Milano — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : POLIMI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2351544.0 €

The goal of this project is to construct, mathematically analyze, numerically approximate, computationally solve, and validate on clinically relevant cases a mathematically-based integrated heart model (IHM) for the human cardiac function. The IHM comprises several core cardiac models – electrophysiology, solid and fluid mechanics, microscopic cellular force generation, and valve dynamics – which are then coupled and finally embedded into the systemic and pulmonary blood circulations. It is a multiscale system of Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) and Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) featuring multiphysics interactions among the core models. The physical and mathematical properties of each core model and those of the even more complex integrated heart model (IHM) will be analyzed. The numerical approximation of IHM develops along several steps: introduce new high order methods for the core models, carry out their stability and convergence analysis, devise new paradigms for their numerical coupling, and construct optimal, scalable, and adaptive preconditioners for the efficient solution of the resulting large-scale discrete problems. To address data variability in clinically relevant cases, new reduced order models and efficient computational techniques will be developed also for forward and inverse uncertainty quantification problems. Two software libraries, LifeHEART and RedHEART, will be built and made available to the scientific community. The project is original, very ambitious, mathematically inspired and rigorous, tremendously challenging, and groundbreaking. If successful, it will provide researchers from applied mathematics and life sciences, cardiologists, and cardiac surgeons with a powerful tool for both the qualitative and quantitative study of cardiac function and dysfunction. iHEART has the potential to drive improvements in diagnosis and treatment for cardiovascular pathologies that are responsible for more than 45% of deaths in Europe.

Mots-clés : mathematical modeling,pdes,numerical approximation,stability and convergence analysis,reduced order models,uncertainty quantification,large scale computing,application to life science
Projet ERC : SENSIT (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy
Entité participante : Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : NKI-AVL
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2405625.0 €

The goal of this project is to describe the tumor cell-intrinsic mechanisms that determine whether ‘foreign’ human cancers are sensitive or resistant to the tumor-specific T cell response they induce. In this effort, I will focus on 3 linked questions: 1). While we know that T cell activity in human tumors can lead to cancer regression, we do not know whether such regression is mostly mediated by T cell secreted cytokines or granzyme mediated lysis. We will address this fundamental question by analysis of the sensitivity of human tumors to defined T cell effector mechanisms, and subsequent correlation to patient outcome upon immunotherapeutic intervention. 2). We will complement this analysis of baseline tumor sensitivity with a systematic analysis of acquired immunotherapy resistance in patients treated with T cell checkpoint blockade. Through comparative genomic and immunological analysis of pre- and post-therapy tumors we will determine the clinical importance of tumor cell-intrinsic mechanisms of acquired resistance, and will identify novel mechanisms of such resistance. 3). In addition to these unbiased analyses of tumor resistance, we will focus on one resistance pathway of particular interest: Expression of PD-L1 has emerged as the key immune inhibitory pathway in human cancers, but our understanding of PD-L1 protein regulation is highly limited. We have recently identified PD-L1M1 as a molecular partner of PD-L1 that controls its cell surface abundance. A central goal of this application is to understand the function of the PD-L1 – PD-L1M1 complex, and whether PD-L1M1 can be used as a target for immunotherapeutic interventions. Collectively, this project exploits three approaches to reach one goal: fundamental insight into the mechanisms that control the sensitivity of human cancers to T cell attack. In addition to the mechanistic insights we will obtain, this project may yield novel strategies to enhance tumor-specific T cell activity in patients.

Mots-clés : tumor immunology,t cell recognition,cancer immunotherapy
Projet ERC : 3DWATERWAVES (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : Lund University — Pays : Suède — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1203627.0 €

The goal of this project is to develop a mathematical theory for steady three-dimensional water waves with vorticity. The mathematical model consists of the incompressible Euler equations with a free surface, and vorticity is important for modelling the interaction of surface waves with non-uniform currents. In the two-dimensional case, there has been a lot of progress on water waves with vorticity in the last decade. This progress has mainly been based on the stream function formulation, in which the problem is reformulated as a nonlinear elliptic free boundary problem. An analogue of this formulation is not available in three dimensions, and the theory has therefore so far been restricted to irrotational flow. In this project we seek to go beyond this restriction using two different approaches. In the first approach we will adapt methods which have been used to construct three-dimensional ideal flows with vorticity in domains with a fixed boundary to the free boundary context (for example Beltrami flows). In the second approach we will develop methods which are new even in the case of a fixed boundary, by performing a detailed study of the structure of the equations close to a given shear flow using ideas from infinite-dimensional bifurcation theory. This involves handling infinitely many resonances.

Mots-clés : water waves,free boundary problems,dispersion,three dimensional flows,travelling waves,vortex rings,bifurcation theory,variational methods,elliptic pdes,resonance,spatial dynamics
Projet ERC : CLUSTER (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Physical and analytical chemical sciences
Entité participante : Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology — Pays : Suisse — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ETH Zurich
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2271250.0 €

The goal of this project is to explore the fundamental processes which trigger the nucleation and growth of solids. Condensed matter is formed by clustering of atoms, ions or molecules. This initial step is key for the onset of crystallization, condensation and precipitate formation. Yet, despite of the scientific and technological significance of these phenomena, on an atomistic level we merely have expectations on how atoms should behave rather than experimental evidence about how the growth of solid matter is initiated. The classical nucleation theory is commonly in agreement with experiments, provided the original and the final stages are inspected qualitatively. However, the classical theory does not define what fundamentally constitutes a pre-nucleation state or how a nucleus is formed at all. CLUSTER aims at investigating the very early stages of crystalline matter formation on an unprecedented length scale. It shall explore the atomic mechanisms which prompt the formation of solids. Complemented by density functional theory calculations and molecular dynamics simulations, in-situ high-resolution electron microscopy shall be used to investigate the formation, dynamics, stability and evolution of tiniest atomic clusters which represent the embryos of solid matter. Firstly, we investigate the 3D structure of clusters deposited on suspended graphene. Secondly, we focus on cluster formation, the evolution of sub-critical nuclei and the onset of particle growth by thermal activation. Thirdly, using a novel liquid-cell approach in the transmission electron microscope, we control and monitor in-situ cluster formation and precipitation in supersaturated solutions. The results of CLUSTER, which will advance the understanding of the birth of solid matter, are important for the controlled synthesis of (nano-)materials, for cluster science and catalysis and for the development of novel materials.

Mots-clés : nucleation,phase transition,atomic cluster,in situ liquid cell transmission electron microscopy
Projet ERC : Sniper-ARM (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : Ghent University — Pays : Belgique — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UGent
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 150000.0 €

The goal of this project is to extend the Sniper architectural simulator, previously developed at Ghent University, towards ARM-based systems. Sniper is shown to be fast, accurate and low-complexity for x86 multicore systems; and it is widely used in academia, as well as in industry for high-performance computing processor systems. This project will enhance Sniper to support ARM-based systems and will explore innovation opportunities in the embedded and mobile markets.

Mots-clés : computer system,multicore,simulation,embedded market,sniper
Projet ERC : UnPrEDICT (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : University of Oxford — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2066976.0 €

The goal of this project is to supplement or replace the precautionary principle with decision guidance that better handles both normative and empirical uncertainty in contexts of speculative but potentially catastrophic consequences. It has been claimed that emerging technologies such as geoengineering, biotechnology, or machine intelligence could have catastrophic impacts on human civilization or the biosphere, indicating the need for precaution until scientific uncertainty has been resolved. Yet it is unclear how to apply the precautionary principle to cases where the deeper investigations of scientific uncertainties that it calls for can themselves be a source of catastrophic risk (in e.g. gain-of-function research and geoengineering experiments). Furthermore, the precautionary principle fails to account for moral uncertainty —even though many decisions depend more sensitively on ethical parameters (e.g. our obligations to future generations, discount rates, intrinsic value of nature) than on remaining scientific uncertainties. Building on recent advances in decision theory, computational modelling, and domain-specific risk assessment techniques, and using tools of analytic and moral philosophy, this project will: (1) develop methods that account for normative uncertainty by combining voting theory with ongoing work on moral uncertainty, identifying parameters that make the largest practical difference; (2) combine these with methods for dealing with sources of empirical ignorance (such as information hazards, anthropic shadow, model uncertainties) into a theoretically well-motivated framework that comprises normative and empirical uncertainty; (3) derive mid-level principles and procedures from this theoretical framework by working through three case studies (geoengineering, dual-use biotechnology, and automation and machine intelligence) offering better practical guidance on speculative but potentially catastrophic risks than does the precautionary principle.

Mots-clés : precautionary principle,structural uncertainty,model uncertainty,population ethics,geoengineering,biotechnology,global catastrophic risk
Projet ERC : MEME (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System
Entité participante : Trinity College Dublin — Pays : Irlande — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TCD
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1500000.0 €

The goal of this project is to understand how specific memory engrams are physically stored in the brain. Connectionist theories of memory storage have guided research into the neuroscience of memory for over a half century, but have received little direct proof due to experimental limitations. The major confound that has limited direct testing of such theories has been an inability to identify the cells and circuits that store specific memories. Memory engram technology, which allows the tagging and in vivo manipulation of specific engram cells, has recently allowed us to overcome this empirical limitation and has revolutionised the way memory can be studied in rodent models. Based on our research it is now known that sparse populations of hippocampal neurons that were active during a defined learning experience are both sufficient and necessary for retrieval of specific contextual memories. More recently we have established that hippocampal engram cells preferentially synapse directly onto postsynaptic engram cells. This “engram cell connectivity” could provide the neurobiological substrate for the storage of multimodal memories through a distributed engram circuit. However it is currently unknown whether engram cell connectivity itself is important for memory function. The proposed integrative neuroscience project will employ inter-disciplinary methods to directly probe the importance of engram cell connectivity for memory retrieval, storage, and encoding. The outcomes will directly inform a novel and comprehensive neurobiological model of memory engram storage.

Mots-clés : engram,memory,integrative,connectivity,optogenetics,learning,retrieval,recall,connection
Projet ERC : ENECML (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : Barcelona Graduate School of Economics — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1679125.0 €

The goal of this proposal is to build tools to better understand the economic impacts of the rapid transformation of electricity markets, and to help better design electricity markets going forward. I propose to develop and implement novel statistical tools and structural models that contribute to our understanding of this rapid transformation. The proposed research focuses both on firm strategic responses and investment (supply-side), as well as consumer behavior and welfare and distributional impacts (demand-side). The proposal presents several projects and methodologies that examine these issues in detail with unique high-frequency micro-data on firms and households. The tools and models developed in this proposal can help understand the impacts of the energy transition, both on the supply and the demand side. Among the expected methodological contributions, I plan to combine machine learning tools with more standard structural modeling. On the supply side, the proposal emphasizes the need to understand how strategic behavior interacts with market design in the presence of intermittent resources. On the demand side, the proposal highlights the importance of understanding the distributional implications of such changes with special attention to the residential sector and the most vulnerable socio-economic households.
Projet ERC : ICOPT (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology — Pays : Suisse — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ETH Zurich
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1443422.0 €

The goal of this proposal is to leverage and significantly extend techniques from the field of Combinatorial Optimization to address some fundamental open algorithmic questions in other, related areas, namely Integer Programming and Online Optimization. More precisely, we focus on the following three thrusts, which share many combinatorial features: - Integer programming with bounded subdeterminants. - Expressive power of mixed-integer linear formulations. - The matroid secretary conjecture, a key online selection problem. Recent significant progress, in which the PI played a central role, combined with new ideas, give hope to obtain breakthrough results in these fields. Many of the questions we consider are long-standing open problems in their respective area, and any progress is thus likely to be a significant contribution to Mathematical Optimization and Theoretical Computer Science. However, equally importantly, if progress can be achieved through the suggested methodologies, then this would create intriguing new links between different fields, which was a key driver in the selection of the above research thrusts.
Projet ERC : SOLID (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental constituents of matter
Entité participante : Imperial College London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1559347.95 €

The goal of this proposal is to search for an entirely new kind of matter. This type of matter called a sterile neutrino doesn’t interact with known particles and can only manifest itself through quantum mixing with the three neutrinos of the standard model, the prevailing theory of particle physics. The known neutrinos are by far the most abundant massive particles in the Universe. More than 70 years after the postulation of the existence of the neutrino, its nature and fundamental properties remain, paradoxically, poorly known. The discovery of the quantum mixing of neutrinos: neutrino oscillations, was a major surprise as it implied that neutrinos have mass which they do not have in the standard model. In this context the existence of a sterile neutrino is a natural extension but the discovery of this new state of matter would a profound challenge for the theory to explain. Several new anomalous experimental results have appeared which could be accounted for by the presence of a light sterile neutrino but each result taken separately is not statistically significant. New oscillation patterns in the neutrino energy spectrum would be a clear signature of the new state but are difficult to measure due to experimental and background limitations. We propose the most sensitive search to date for this oscillation signature using two key assets: The SCK•CEN BR2 reactor which offers a unique low background environment combined with a novel detector technology invented by the PI capable of discriminating signal and background with greater sensitivity that any previous technique. We present an experimental program that includes the construction of a detector module and its precise calibration, the programming of a new type of electronic trigger and implementation of state of the art reconstruction techniques and analysis. The results that this proposal will deliver are far reaching both in science and in the development of a new technology for detecting anti-neutrinos.

Mots-clés : sterile neutrino,antineutrinos,scintillator detector
Projet ERC : MOBILIZE (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : University of Southern Denmark — Pays : Danemark — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : SDU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499230.0 €

The goal of this proposal is to support the paradigm shift in the health care of people with multiple chronic conditions in Europe from a focus on disease-based curative models to holistic person-centered self-care through personalized,supervised exercise therapy and education. The problem:The impact of multimorbidity on the individual and society is massive and much greater than the impact of single chronic conditions alone. However, effective treatments are missing and research and health care reinforce an inefficient and burdensome single-disease framework. The solution:Exercise has the potential to disrupt the ‘vicious cycle’ of systemic inflammation associated with chronic conditions and improve health in multimorbidity. A personalized exercise and education program aimed at supporting subsequent self-management by the individual will be developed in an interdisciplinary collaboration, building on evidence from biomarkers, patient involvement and methodological expertise. Self-reported,physiological and societal effects will be investigated in a randomized controlled trial comparing the personalized program with standard single-disease models of care. Scientific and public dissemination and implementation ensuring significant personal and societal benefit is fundamental to the proposal. The proposal is associated with high risk, as the current disease-based curative models involve treatment by several highly specialized health care providers, while the new person-centered self-management model is centered on a personalized program delivered by one health care provider. The ground-breaking nature of this proposal lies in its potential to revolutionize how health care is organized for people with multimorbidity, by giving them one primary care provider, and how we use non-surgical treatment in health care and science by bringing the concept of precision medicine into multimorbidity and utilizing it to improve treatment outcome with exercise therapy as the model.

Mots-clés : multimorbidity,precision medicine,interprofessional collaboration,patient involvement