Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : CALIX (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth System Science
Entité participante : Université de Swansea — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 64791.25 €

Global sea levels will continue to rise as ice sheets shrink in response to climate change, but predictions vary widely on how much ice will be lost in different carbon futures. The single largest source of uncertainty is iceberg calving rates. Calving can cause more rapid ice loss than any other process, but no reliable method currently exists for representing calving in numerical models. CALIX seeks to find and apply the elusive universal calving law, by adopting a radical new approach based on the self-organising nature of glacier systems. The calving law will be formulated using bulk statistical properties of calving events, and will be rooted in both detailed observations and sound theory. The calving law will be implemented in leading ice-sheet models, throughly tested, and used in model run ensembles to determine the most-probable Antarctic Ice Sheet contribution to sea level into the 22nd Century under different mitigation and business-as-usual carbon scenarios. CALIX will address a major knowledge gap in glacier science, and will revolutionise our ability to understand ice-sheet stability, predict ice-sheet response to climate change and anticipate the global consequences.

Mots-clés : ice sheet model,iceberg calving,calving law,greenland,antarctic ice sheet
Projet ERC : CONFINED (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Soci al World and Its Interactions
Entité participante : Dignity-dansk institut mod tortur forening — Pays : Danemark — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : DIGNITY
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 336532.5 €

CONFINED will develop and validate an innovative, comparative, and global research agenda of confined lives. Confinement is a ubiquitous and unequally distributed human condition. While confinement sometimes can be protective, for some groups, not least the displaced on dangerous roads, the marginalized in urban slums and the detained in prisons, it can be a damaging experience linked to violence and inequality. With an empirical point of departure in different contexts across the global north and south, known to produce a variety of confined lives, CONFINED explores, 1) how certain people’s lives are rendered confineable; 2) how confineable groups and networks navigate discursive, actual, and potential practices of confinement, and 3) how and to what extent the concept of confined lives can transform our understanding of the practices and experiences of confinement across global divides in ways that drive theoretical innovation and help build new agendas for social justice. Through three interdependent and sequentially organized work packages, CONFINED proposes to explore confined lives contextually and ethnographically across the global North and South (WP1); to compare what confines people, how they make sense of their confined lives, and how they navigate confinement (WP2), and to conceptually develop and validate the approach through engagement with academics and experts locally and globally (WP3). CONFINED will carry out comparative, ethnographic field work to follow precariously situated translocal family network across four contexts as a privileged lens to understanding confined lives at the intersection of dangerous journeys, urban slums and prisons and camps: Denmark and Lebanon; South Africa and Malawi; Thailand and Myanmar and the UK and Sierra Leone. This will allow CONFINED to reframe the empirical field of confined lives and to generate a new conceptual language to understand one of the most important drivers of inequality world-wide.

Mots-clés : displacement,urban marginality,incarceration,family and kinship,state and non state violence
Projet ERC : Correspondence (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : Université hébraïque de Jérusalem — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : HUJI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1976875.0 €

R. Langlands conjectured the existence of a correspondence between automorphic spectrums of Hecke algebras and representations of Galois groups of global fields. The existence of such correspondence is one of the main conjectures in mathematics. Even if not known in full generality it leads to proofs of Ferma and Sato-Tate conjectures. This project is on three aspects of the Langlands correspondence. The first part of this project is a description of the spectrum of Hecke algebras on the space generated by pseudo Eisenstein series of cuspidal automorphic forms of Levi subgroups. In the simplest non-trivial case, the precise description is a conjecture of Langlands. This conjecture is proven in my work with A. Okounkov, by an unexpected topological interpretation. I expect this approach to work in a number of other cases. The second part of this project is an extension of the Langlands correspondence to a completely new area of fields of rational functions on curves over local fields. This extension of the Langlands correspondence to a new area could lead to new interplays between Representation Theory and Number Theory.  The third part of the project is on a categorification of the Langlands correspondence necessary for establishing the strong form of this correspondence.

Mots-clés : langlands,representations,categorification,g equivariant bordism,local fields,automorphic forms,1 2 forms,hecke correspondence,hecke operators,categorical trace,symmetric infinity categories,nilpotent singular support,eisenstein series,the springer stack,opers,reductive group,global and local fields,dual group,curves,global differential operators on the stack of g bundles,cohomologically proper quotient stack
Projet ERC : CCnoisyQC (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer Science and Informatics
Entité participante : Université hébraïque de Jérusalem — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : HUJI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2498125.0 €

The field of quantum computation has matured tremendously since the early remarkable discoveries of exponential quantum algorithms speed ups, quantum error correction and fault tolerance. However, some of the most basic, fundamental questions, remain a challenge. What are the conditions for quantum fault tolerance, and what are its fundamental limitations? What other problems admit quantum algorithmic speed ups, and how can we design new quantum algorithms? Can quantum Hamiltonian complexity be more relevant to phenomena that physicists encounter in the lab? Can we provide evidence for scalable quantum advantage on near term devices?  To make progress on these major challenges, this proposal focuses on one overarching theme: the effect of noise and perturbation on computational complexity of quantum systems. For quantum algorithms, we propose to treat noise and perturbations as a tool, rather than an obstacle, and to introduce those deliberately in quantum algorithm design. We aim to develop a mathematical theory of quantum fault tolerance, and within it, study the conditions for this remarkable phenomenon to hold. In quantum complexity we will address questions such as the sensitivity of quantum complexity to perturbations; while the quantum complexity of naturally noisy systems without error correction will be studied in the attempt to make progress on demonstrating quantum advantage in near term devices.  We postulate that the theme of noise and perturbations not only underlies these questions, but also connects them in deep and insightful ways. We hope to use this perspective to make significant progress and open new frontiers both on important challenges within fault tolerance, quantum algorithmic advantage and quantum complexity, from the computer science side, as well as on our understanding of multi-partite entanglement, stability, relaxation times and the transition from quantum to classical, from the physics side.

Mots-clés : quantum fault tolerance,quantum algorithms,quantum hamiltonian complexity,quantum error correction,quantum computational complexity,quantum algorithmic speedups,quantum to classical phase transitions,quantum self correcting memory,adiabatic algorithms,quantum walks,quantum advantage,quantum pcp,quantum ldpc codes  pe3 15 statistical physics phase transitions,condensed matter systems,models of complex systems,interdisciplinary applications
Projet ERC : FastTrack (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences
Entité participante : Institute of Photonic Sciences — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ICFO
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2498355.0 €

The conversion of sunlight photons to electrons is the essence of the natural photosynthesis that powers life. Dedicated antennas funnel the sun’s energy towards reaction centres. Amazingly, nature reaches almost perfect photon-to-electron conversion efficiency, while it regulates down at high light level for protection and survival. How does nature dynamically re-organize the membrane architecture, its packing, order, diffusion, on light stress? Which pathways are taken to charge separation? What is the role of fluctuations, coherences, color and vibrations? My group recently succeeded in first detection of the fs spectral progression of a single exciton, the nanoscale tracking of electron transport and reveal energy disorder of a single photosynthetic complex. These pioneering results, together with our expertise in fs pulse control and nanoimaging, set the grounds to now address photosynthetic light-to-charge transfer in real nanospace and ultrafast. Specific objectives are: Energy transport on the nanoscale: tracking spatiotemporal membrane transport by super-resolved transient optical microscopy and nanophotonic light localization: to reveal disorder and quantify diffusion. Light to charge: photo-current detection of the energy flow: by ultrafast photo-thermoelectric graphene and photo-electrochemical detection I will probe charge separation of the reaction center directly, quantify rate and efficiency. Multidimensional spectra on the nanoscale: by collinear 2D spectroscopic imaging with photocurrent and fluorescence detection, I will map the development of the energy landscape, at special membrane spots, ultimately on a single complex. Functional imaging: visualize the dynamic light-response of the membrane architecture, the changes in packing density, (dis)order, diffusion and pathways to charge separation. The novel tool-set of FastTrack and the insights on nature’s energy strategies are directly relevant for artificial photosynthesis and solar technology.

Mots-clés : photosynthetic complex,energy transfer efficiency,transient microscopy,light harvesting membrane,membrane transport,nanoscale imaging,reaction center,exciton diffusion,multi dimensional spectroscopy,electrochemistry,graphene photo detection,antenna complex,charge separation,photocurrent,photoprotection,single molecule detection,dis order,ultrafast spectroscopy,exciton delocalization,light diffusion
Projet ERC : SELECT-H (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and Processes Engineering
Entité participante : Centre européen de recherche et de formation avancée en calcul scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : CERFACS
Type d'entité : Organismes privés (hors enseignement)
Financement ERC de l'entité : 561146.25 €

Hydrogen is uniquely placed to achieve both energy security and net-zero greenhouse emission goals provided it can be produced by low-carbon resources and systems powered by hydrogen can be operated safely and reliably. Hydrogen can be burned to produce heat or power. It can also be used in fuel cells to produce electricity. Due to its high reactivity with oxygen, it often results in violent dynamics that raises challenges to guarantee the integrity and reliability of the systems powered by hydrogen but also their safety. The objective of SELECT-H is threefold: (1) develop fundamental knowledge on combustion science associated with the use of hydrogen in real systems, (2) develop and validate simulation tools to predict these flows and (3) develop solutions to favor the shift from technologies powered by hydrocarbon fuels to safe and reliable systems only powered by hydrogen. These objectives will be achieved in SELECT-H by combining detailed experiments, low order physics-based models and high-fidelity numerical simulations in two different sets of configurations with large societal impact. The first set considers technologies in which hydrogen must burn efficiently, including domestic boilers, cooking stoves and gas turbines for propulsion and power generation. They cover a wide range of operating conditions, fuel and oxidizer injection schemes, including laminar atmospheric cases and highly-turbulent flows at high pressure and elevated temperature where combustion dynamics can threaten the system integrity and reliability. The second set considers cases where hydrogen combustion must be avoided. Typically, hydrogen leaks from fuel cells or from high pressure storages will be considered to understand how hydrogen leaks may ignite and, if they do, how they will interact with walls. The fundamental knowledge gained in SELECT-H will allow the design of safe and reliable hydrogen-powered units.

Mots-clés : hydrogen,combustion
Projet ERC : SAFE-H2 (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and Processes Engineering
Entité participante : Centre européen de recherche et de formation avancée en calcul scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : CERFACS
Type d'entité : Organismes privés (hors enseignement)
Financement ERC de l'entité : 530125.0 €

Hydrogen is a powerful energy vector but its deployment at the scale considered today by governments and companies cannot be achieved if safety associated to combustion hazards is not mastered and regulated. Hydrogen leaks occur and lead to fires and explosions which must be prevented. To do this, regulations are needed but these regulations are based today on an incomplete understanding of the fundamental mechanisms controlling the combustion of hydrogen in air or have to consider new usages of hydrogen such as transportation (aircraft, trains, cars…). SAFE-H2 combines theory, high-precision experiments and simulations to provide reliable knowledge on the ignition, propagation, acceleration, mitigation of hydrogen-air flames in three canonical cases: flames stabilized on a hole, flames interacting with a wall, explosions in closed vessels. The proposal gathers (1) IMFT where two experimental sites, dedicated to hydrogen, will be used for low (<40 kW) and high power (300 kW) experiments and (2) CERFACS which provides the High-Performance 3D simulation tools used to compute all IMFT experiments. Experimental diagnostics coming from the aerospace field will be applied to safety scenarios at IMFT to validate simulation tools. SAFE-H2 will focus on generic, simple cases to tackle the fundamentals of hydrogen-air flames so that simulation tools incorporate correct, validated physical models and can replace costly and dangerous experimental tests. All SAFE-H2 experiments will be designed to be used for simulation validations. These detailed comparisons between simulation - experiment will be used to test models for 1) hydrogen-air chemistry in the gas phase and near walls, 2) autoignition and plate ignition, 3) flame-turbulence and flame-wall interaction, and 4) transition to detonation. SAFE-H2 will deliver fundamental science but also models for all simulation codes used in industry and regulation agencies to understand and regulate combustion safety for hydrogen.

Mots-clés : hydrogen safety high fidelity experiments simulation
Projet ERC : BIOSSCI (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Soci al World and Its Interactions
Entité participante : Institute for economic justice — Pays : Afrique du Sud — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 270696.0 €

Biosecurity, the management of biological threats to humans, animals, and environments, is critical for health, economy, pandemic preparedness, and food security. In agricultural settings, it involves protecting livestock and workers from infectious diseases. The tendency is to take an engineering approach, aiming to minimise system breaches or failures. But this Biosecurity I approach is failing. Infection pressures are growing with climate and other environmental changes. Resulting livestock systems can make animals and landscapes less resilient and expose farms and workers to greater risks. Implementation costs are high, non-compliant farms can be excluded from markets, resulting in rural poverty and increased disease threat. Biosecurity I is ill-fitted to low income and sub-tropical settings and can generate socially unjust and neo-colonial outcomes. Radical new thinking is needed.  The alternative is to learn from those who successfully manage biological threats under varying conditions. In this approach, safety involves more than minimising breaches. It requires that many matters or ‘goods’ are managed effectively. Biosecurity II, biosocial security, is the careful arrangement of people, animals, materials, and markets in ways that make life safe. Lessons need to be learned concerning how this is achieved and how things can be improved. This ground-breaking project reverses the usual top-down flow of biosecurity knowledge. It will work with farmers and policymakers in Bangladesh, South Africa, and the UK to understand how biosecurity works in practice. The project team will generate empirically and conceptually informed social science knowledge on those practices. The field knowledge will be used to exnovate future approaches to biosecurity, exploring alternative institutional and policy practices. Developing innovative methods and theory, the PI-led team will generate a step change in social science approaches to a key twenty-first century issue.

Mots-clés : biosecurity food human nonhuman relations science policy epidemiology disease health
Projet ERC : FIERCE (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Universe Sciences
Entité participante : Fciencias.id - associacao para a investigacao e desenvolvimento de ciencias — Pays : Portugal — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : FC.ID
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 231717.5 €

FIERCE aims at providing the long-needed step forward to tackle the challenges of stellar activity on the search for Exoearths.  The detection and characterisation of other Earths, planets with the physical conditions to hold liquid water and thus potential life-sustaining environments, is a bold objective of present day astrophysics. This goal continuously pushes the development of new ground- and space-based instrumentation. However, the quest for other Earths is severely limited by astrophysical ``noise'' from the host stars, whose signatures distort the spectra that are used to detect and characterise them. Existing methods usually circumvent the problem without a detailed understanding of the individual sources of variability. This is insufficient to reach the required precision levels. To enable the full scientific success of major exoplanet research facilities a new approach is clearly needed.  With FIERCE, the PI will employ his competitive team, together with the strong participation in cutting-edge ESO and ESA projects and missions, to break through in this obstacle. The ultimate goal is to i) develop novel approaches to identify, model, and correct stellar spurious signals in radial velocity measurements down to 10 cm/s, and ii) obtain a comprehensive understanding of the impact of stellar granulation and activity on the detection of exoplanet atmospheres.  To this end, FIERCE will approach the problem of stellar ``noise'' from a whole new angle, building a dedicated facility, the Paranal solar Espresso Telescope (PoET). PoET will connect to the recently commissioned ESPRESSO spectrograph and, using the Sun as a proxy, allow to unambiguously identify and understand the sources of relevant variability in solar-type stars.  Ambitious, timely, and feasible, this project will provide crucial information for the success of present and future major efforts aiming at detecting and characterising other Earths.
Projet ERC : DeepCell (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Integrative B iology : from Genes and Genomes to S ystems
Entité participante : Wellcome Trust — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 393387.5 €

Advances in single-cell genomics (SCG) allow us to read out a cell’s molecular state with unprecedented detail, increasingly so across perturbations. To fully understand a cellular system, one must be able to predict its internal state in response to all perturbations. Yet such modeling in SCG is currently limited to descriptive statistics. Building upon my expertise in machine learning, I propose to systematically model a cell’s behavior under perturbation, focusing on the largely untouched area of drug-induced perturbations with multiomics SCG readouts. A sufficiently generic model will predict perturbed cellular states, enabling the design of optimal treatments in new cell-types. In a pilot study, we predicted gene expression changes of a cell ensemble in response to stimuli. DeepCell builds upon this approach: Based on a multi-condition, multi-modal deep-learning approach for both normal and spatially-resolved genomics, we will set up a constrained, interpretable model for the cellular expression response to diverse perturbations. The added flexibility of the DeepCell model versus classical small-scale systems biology models will allow us to interrogate the effects of combined drug stimuli and characterize the gene regulatory landscape by interpretation of the learned deep network. DeepCell provides unique possibilities to capitalize on cell-based drug screens to address fundamental questions in gene regulation and predicting treatment outcomes. As a proof of concept, I will identify targets that regulate enteroendocrine lineage selection in the intestine. I will set up a 500-compound single-cell organoid RNA-seq screen based on compounds from a spatial imaging screen across 200,000 intestinal organoids, both of which we will model with DeepCell. We will leverage those models to predict optimal treatment for obese mice. DeepCell opens up the possibility of in silico drug screens, with the potential to expedite drug discovery and impact clinical settings.

Mots-clés : single cell genomics,machine learning,deep learning,drug screening,gene regulatory networks