Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : CHALLENGE (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : University of Turku — Pays : Finlande — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2424001.0 €

Bullying in schools is widespread, with adverse effects on youth and high costs for societies. Research on bullying prevention has so far focused on average effects of anti-bullying programs and mainly concerned universal, preventive measures. While important, this has overshadowed attempts to uncover how exactly school personnel intervene in particular bullying cases and when and why that fails. CHALLENGE will open up new research horizons by shifting the focus from average program effects to the characteristics and conditions of youth who remain victimized or continue bullying despite targeted interventions. The next big questions in the field are tackled in four work packages: WP1 uncovers the key features of persistent bullying, such as the extent to which it is due to school-level factors or rather varies across bullying cases (within schools). WP2 elucidates the plight of persistent victims by testing why victimized youth are most maladjusted in contexts where the overall level of victimization is decreasing (healthy context paradox, Garandeau & Salmivalli, 2019). WP3 tests the efficacy of different targeted interventions in real-life conditions, uncovering challenge factors that increase the risk of a bullying case remaining unresolved. Moreover, it tests how youth characteristics affect their cognitive, emotional and motivational responses to different interventions. WP4 utilizes molecular genetics to test genetic susceptibility to intervention effects at the individual level. CHALLENGE uses quantitative, qualitative, and DNA analyses, combines longitudinal and experimental designs, and harnesses novel tools to collect real-time intervention data and to register children’s responses to interventions. It bridges the perspectives of developmental and social psychology, child psychiatry, and genetics, builds theory on persistent bullying and enables the development of tailored measures for specific target groups where available interventions have failed

Mots-clés : bullying,victimization,school,intervention,challenge factors
Projet ERC : AeroSurf (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth system science
Entité participante : University of Bristol — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2315245.0 €

By serving as cloud droplet seeds, aerosols represent the largest negative (cooling) and most uncertain climate forcing. Particulate matter is also a major contributor to air pollution, attributed to ~7 million annual deaths. Aerosol surfaces hold the greatest source of uncertainty for atmospheric chemistry and climate impacts. Surfactants are now routinely identified within atmospheric aerosol samples, and surface tension governs the fraction of particles that activate into cloud droplets, significantly impacting aerosol-cloud climate effects. Sunlight-driven interfacial reactions have recently emerged as important modifiers of atmospheric composition and proceed via unique pathways relative to bulk solutions. A complete understanding of aerosol climate and health impacts requires detailed knowledge of aerosol surface composition and reactivity. However, few approaches directly interrogate droplet surfaces, hindering incorporation of surface-mediated processes into climate and air quality models. This project will study directly the droplet-air interface of picolitre droplets in size ranges relevant to growing cloud droplets to develop a comprehensive, molecular level understanding of interfacial composition, reactivity, and climate and health impacts. Aerosol droplet surfaces will be studied with novel, sensitive approaches. The dynamic and equilibrium partitioning of surfactants to aerosol droplet surfaces will be investigated directly for the first time, providing information required for accurate cloud droplet activation predictions. Entirely new approaches to selectively analyse the surface and bulk molecular composition of a levitated micron-sized droplet by mass spectrometry will allow direct investigation of chemistry on aerosol surfaces. Together, these approaches will address outstanding questions in interfacial photochemistry, link directly droplet surface tension to climate impacts, and resolve a poorly understood aspect of aerosol chemistry.

Mots-clés : aerosols,cloud droplet activation,interfacial photochemistry,mass spectrometry,optical tweezers,single particle analysis,surface composition
Projet ERC : AMEFOCT (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : University of Kent — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 149917.0 €

By the end of the 4th year of the ERC Advanced grant, the PI has set up the basis of a unique procedure to perform optical coherence tomography (OCT) that is similar in outcome to time domain interferometry but has all advantages of spectral domain interferometry in terms of speed and sensitivity. The new method of OCT, termed as Master/Slave (MS), is characterised by several advantages: direct production of an en-face OCT image, tolerance to dispersion that allows MS-OCT to achieve the theoretical limit of axial resolution and sensitivity that can be tailored for no hardware and time cost, with the axial resolution. By excellence, the Master/Slave OCT method delivers en-face views direct, allowing lower cost hardware and faster provision of en-face slicing and visualisation. An essential advantage is that of parallel processing, that makes MS-OCT, ideally suited to novel parallel optical configurations and graphic processing units (GPU). These advantages can substantially increase the speed in providing volumes of the tissue, making the new OCT method superior to all other methods on the market. The POC support will help advance the MS-OCT closer to commercialisation. Four market strategies are identified with immediate products for the first two. OCT add-on modules, equipped with MS software, for: A. OCT developers, to accelerate their research and B. OCT developers that can modify existing commercial OCT systems, by making them accomplish the MS protocol. The module to be assembled and assessed for commercialisation will also pave the way to two more strategies: C. Companies already selling OCT systems on dedicated markets, where specialised agreements will widen the market and even D. A full OCT system created by the new company, an ultimate outcome that requires investment, based on revenue acquired by selling the add-on modules.

Mots-clés : optical coherence tomography,en face imaging,3d rendering
Projet ERC : TCAPS (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy
Entité participante : University of Dundee — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 925067.71 €

CD8 T cells are vital for our response to infection, directly killing infected cells and stimulating other cells of the immune system. Major health problems world-wide involve deregulated T cells, including lymphomas, leukaemias, auto-immune disorders and organ transplant rejection. Damaging deficiencies of T cells are found in old-age. T cell development and response to pathogens is driven by regulated transcription and translation, however the mechanisms orchestrating this gene regulation are largely unknown, and are likely provide novel opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Our preliminary data reveals that a potent structure in gene expression, the mRNA cap, which co-ordinates RNA processing and translation initiation, is crucial for the development and activation of CD8 T cells. Regulation of mRNA cap formation is a novel concept in gene regulation in T cells, and also has not been studied in vivo previously. Our findings suggest the existence of an mRNA cap code, in which the different mRNA cap methylations regulate different genes and cellular functions. In TCAPS we will reveal how the mRNA cap code orchestrates CD8 T function. We will determine how the mRNA cap structures are regulated during CD8 T cell differentiation using the latest mass spectrometry technologies. We will determine the role of each mRNA cap methyltransferase in CD8 T cell gene expression during differentiation, using conditional knock-out mice in conjunction with enzyme biochemistry, RNA sequencing and quantitative mass spectrometry. We will determine the biological function of the mRNA cap methyltransferases in CD8 T cell survival and activation using immunological assays. TCAPS will also provide the first insight into the role of the mRNA cap code in vivo. The mRNA cap code is likely to be operational throughout mammalian physiology and therefore TCAPS will contribute significantly to our understanding of regulated gene expression in mammals.

Mots-clés : mrna,t cell
Projet ERC : CEBREWA (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Proof of concept grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology — Pays : Suisse — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ETH Zurich
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 150000.0 €

CEBREWA (Construction & Environmental Biocementation in REal World Applications) tackles the emerging ground stabilisation problems which are becoming increasingly pressing in construction and environmental engineering. Ground stabilization mitigates stability risks associated with geohazards, such as earthquakes, soil erosion, and landslides. Such problems are expected to be further intensified by extreme weather and aging infrastructure. Traditionally, ground stabilization is applied to roads, railroads, airfields, embankments, reservoirs, bank protection, canals, dams, and coastal engineering. Rapid urbanization, particularly in developing regions, is fuelling the ground stabilization market growth. This is primarily due to: (i) the scarcity of suitable land for development and (ii) the need to extend existing infrastructure (typically by building more floors, and therefore increasing the loads sustained by foundations) to support increasing populations in urban zones. The mineral additives & stabilizing agents segment currently accounts for the largest share in the ground stabilization market. Mineral & stabilizing agents include, amongst others, cement, lime, fly ash, and polyurethane resins. This market has not been disrupted for decades, with current solutions complex and expensive, mainly due to the heavy equipment required for their application, and often hazardous to the environment, as they rely on the extensive use of industrial fluids or microplastics. The ERC-funded project BIOGEOS (grant agreement 788587) focuses on bio-mediated, nature-inspired ground reinforcement (bio-cementation). The goal is to develop and master the complete, industrial-scale system which will allow fast and reproducible ground bio-cementation applications. The PoC is expected to result in IP consolidation, scaling-up of production through outsourcing and demonstration of value created for end-users.

Mots-clés : geotechnics,natural hazards,biomineralization,bio geo chemistry,soil stabilisation
Projet ERC : CIPHER (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : National University of Ireland — Pays : Irlande — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : NUI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1990526.25 €

CIPHER will launch the global research initiative, Hip Hop Interpellation, pilot a new semantic digital/ethnographic web methodology, and codify the emergent discipline of global hip hop studies. It addresses the central question: why has this highly localized and authenticizing African American music translated so easily to far-flung communities and contexts around the globe? Through this specific question the project attempts to understand the foundational and broadly transferable question: how are globalization and localization related? To answer these questions CIPHER posits the Hip Hop Interpellation thesis, that hip hop spreads not as a copy of an African American original, but, through its performance of knowledge, emerges as an always already constituent part of local knowledge and practice. The theorization thus moves beyond the “hailing practices” described by Althusser’s theory of interpellation—the discursive webs that coerce ideological incorporation—to describing an interpolation that locates other histories within and through hip hop’s performed knowledges. CIPHER’s semantic web methodology tests this thesis, tracking how hip hop memes—slogans, anthems, and icons—are simultaneously produced by people and produce people. This research clears the conceptual impasse of structural “cultural imperialism” vs. agentic “cultural appropriation” debates and instrumentalizes the methodological distance between ethnographic specificity and big data generality. It does so by creating a feedback loop between digital humanities methods (crowd sourcing, semantic tagging, computational stylometry) and ethnographic fieldwork techniques (interviews, musical analysis, participant observation). The result will be an iterative map of Hip Hop Interpellation/Interpolation created by stakeholders that is transformational of our understanding of culture and/as cultural production and transferable to pressing questions about globalization and l’exception culturelle.

Mots-clés : global hip hop,glocalization,big data,ethnography
Projet ERC : COAT (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : Imperial College London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 146929.0 €

COAT activities aim at developing a new generation of anti-reflection (AR) coatings based on the inorganic/organic hybrid materials advanced in OASIS (Project No: 279587). COAT provides the necessary manpower for screening new formulations and produce large-area demonstrators and illustrative prototypes to persuade major partner of the validity of the proposed technology approach for future commercialisation. To ensure these demonstrators fulfil the needs of coating manufacturers and end-users, a User Committee will be established to obtain insight and specifications on identified AR coatings and enabled applications. We will seek links with, e.g. optical component manufactures, eyeglass producers and developers of large-area photonics, such as lighting and photovoltaics. We will also work closely with curators from the London’s Natural History Museum and the Science Museum –both in close proximity to Imperial College– to include their needs with respect of art display applications. COAT personnel will thoroughly bench-mark our technology, provide a performance evaluation of the coatings and establish sustainability indicators for end-users. To clarify and protect our IPR technology, a detailed market analysis and valorisation potential of enabled applications will be undertaken. Prospects are highly promising. In 2013, the worldwide market for AR coatings was worth close to $3 billion and reached volume demands of 340 ktons; furthermore, market forecasts predict that, between 2014 and 2020, the global market of AR coatings grows at a compound annual growth rate of 8.2 %. This corresponds to a net worth of close to $5 billion by 2020. Our technology, based on readily available solution-processable materials, offers a versatile form factor for a range of application platforms. Along with the attendant manufacturing benefits, the COAT technology has all the attributes to benefit a wide range of European Industries spanning coatings, photonics and nanotechnology.

Mots-clés : anti reflection coatings,inorganic,organic hybrids,solution processed coating,eye glasses,arts displays,solar cell coatings
Projet ERC : COBHUNI (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : Universität Hamburg — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UHH
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1956338.0 €

COBHUNI will for the first time provide a comprehensive investigation of the History of the Unborn in Islam until today. This aims at diversifying our understanding of how pre-natal life is conceptualized in texts of Islamic normativity. At the center will be the analysis of statements in the Qur’an and the prophetic sayings (Hadith) relating to the unborn and the commentary tradition which evolved around them over ca. the last millennium. The objectives of COBHUNI: 1. Thematically: Showing how processes of communication a) between religious communities, b) different regions within the Muslim community, and c) the emergence of modern medicine impacted on the imagination of the unborn. 2. Conceptually: Drawing on three new approaches in the study of Islam: a) emergence of Islam within the context of late antiquity, b) canonization studies, and c) study of exegetical literature. 3. Methodologically: Developing and applying computerlinguistic approaches to Arabic text material and thus improving significantly on the state of the art of Arabic Digital Humanities. The realization will encompass the analysis of the text material along two axes. Vertical axis: citations and cross-referencing within the exegetical tradition; Horizontal axis: contextualizing the exegesis and scrutinizing links to other genres. I have been working on contemporary Islamic Bioethics since 2003 and since 2008 I have broadened my research to the historical scope of the topic. With my comprehensive experience in the study of Contemporary Islamic Bioethics and historical texts from Islamic Normativity and my knowledge in the study of Arabic Qur’an and Hadith exegesis I will be able to successfully lead this cutting-edge project. My team will generate additional data and enhance the IT applications necessary for its analysis. My project will offer powerful approaches to show the complex web of influences impacting on the imaginations of the unborn in Islam.

Mots-clés : islam,bioethics,pre natal life,computational linguistic applications
Projet ERC : COMTESSA (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth system science
Entité participante : University of Vienna — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : Univie
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 73700.0 €

COMTESSA will push back the limits of our understanding of turbulence and plume dispersion in the atmosphere by bringing together full four-dimensional (space and time) observations of a (nearly) passive tracer (sulfur dioxide, SO2), with advanced data analysis and turbulence and dispersion modelling. Observations will be made with six cameras sensitive to ultraviolet (UV) radiation and three cameras sensitive to infrared (IR) radiation. The UV cameras will be built specifically for this project where high sensitivity and fast sampling is important. The accuracy of UV and IR retrievals will be improved by using a state-of-the art-3D radiative transfer model. Controlled puff and plume releases of SO2 will be made from a tower, which will be observed by all cameras, yielding multiple 2D images of SO2 integrated along the line of sight. The simultaneous observations will allow - for the first time - a tomographic reconstruction of the 3D tracer concentration distribution at high space (< 1 m) and time (>10 Hz) resolution. An optical flow code will be used to determine the eddy-resolved velocity vector field of the plume. Special turbulent phenomena (e.g. plume rise) will be studied using existing SO2 sources (e.g. smelters, power plants, volcanic fumaroles). Analysis of the novel campaign observations will deepen our understanding of turbulence and tracer dispersion in the atmosphere. For instance, for the first time we will be able to extensively measure the concentration probability density function (PDF) in a plume not only near the ground but also at high-er altitudes; quantify relative and absolute dispersion; estimate the value of the Richardson-Obukhov constant, etc. We will also use the data to evaluate state-of-the-art LES and Lagrangian dispersion models and revise their underlying parameterizations. COMTESSA’s vision is that the project results will lead to large improvements of tracer transport in all atmospheric models.
Projet ERC : COSMOLOCALISM (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Tallinn University of Technology — Pays : Estonie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TUT
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1017275.0 €

COSMOLOCALISM will document, analyse, test, evaluate, and create awareness about an emerging mode of production, based on the confluence of the digital commons (e.g. open knowledge and design) with local manufacturing and automation technologies (from 3D printing and CNC machines to low-tech tools and crafts). This convergence could catalyse the transition to new inclusive and circular productive models, such as the “design global, manufacture local” (DGML) model. DGML describes the processes through which design is developed as a global digital commons, whereas the manufacturing takes place locally, through shared infrastructures and with local biophysical conditions in mind. DGML seems to form economies of scope that promote sustainability and open innovation while celebrating new ways of cooperation. However, such claims rest on thin conceptual and empirical foundations. COSMOLOCALISM is a multiphase, pilot-driven investigation of the DGML phenomenon that seeks to understand relevant organisational models, their evolution, and their broader political economy/ecology and policy implications. Through the lens of diverse case studies and participatory action research, the conditions under which the DGML model thrives will be explored. COSMOLOCALISM has three concurrent streams: practices; innovation; and sustainability. First, DGML practices will be studied, patterns will be recognised and their form, function, cultural values, and governance structure will be determined. Second, the relevant open innovation ecosystems and their potential to reorient design and manufacturing practices will be examined. Third, selected DGML products will be evaluated from an environmental sustainability perspective, involving both qualitative and quantitative methods. The interdisciplinary nature of COSMOLOCALISM will explore new horizons to substantively improve our understanding of how we could do “more” and “better” with less.

Mots-clés : digital commons,open innovation,political ecology,open design,open hardware,technology governance,desktop manufacturing,sharing economy,cooperatives,post growth,social entrepreneurship