Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : TACITROOTS (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : University of Milan — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UNIMI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1708206.0 €

The Accademia del Cimento (Florence) is the first European society to put experimentation at the core of scientific activity and to be supported by a public power. It lasted only ten years (1657-1667), the same years that saw the establishment of societies of greater fame and longevity such as the Royal Society and the Académie Royale des Sciences. The copious amount of records – most still unpublished – left by its members casts new light onto the process of establishment of scientific societies in Europe, on the emergence of a shared scientific discourse, and its normalisation. It also clarifies the “viral” aspect of some experiments as well as the dynamics of competition, imitation and (self-) censorship from which these institutional and scientific endeavours originated. This project analyses for the first time in its entirety the extensive corpus of unpublished documents (ca. 15,000 papers), descriptions of experiments and thousands of epistolary exchanges between members of the Cimento and scholars throughout Europe. By looking at the sources in their entirety, it aims at systematically connecting the strictly experimental, theoretical and philosophical aspects of the Accademia with its intellectual history. The research will thus analyse the hundreds of experiments designed and conducted by the members, without losing sight of the specific context in which they were produced and disseminated. It will reassess the Cimento’s contribution to the development of a scientific lexicon and the materiality of its work, which was heavily reliant on the design and use of scientific instruments. The substantive body of correspondence – neglected by historians so far – will uncover members’ aims and philosophical concerns, (self-) censorship mechanisms as well as the Cimento’s ties with scholars in the founding process of other famous academies. This research will thus provide new insights into the origin of scientific institutions in the Early Modern period.

Mots-clés : institutionalisation of science,scientific academies,early modern natural philosophy,early modern scientific networks,self  censorship
Projet ERC : FabricMetrics (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : King Juan Carlos University — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : URJC
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 149545.0 €

The Animetrics ERC Starting Grant has led to the invention of the first computer models capable of simulating in an accurate, efficient and robust manner the behavior of full textiles using a yarn-level representation. The proposed models handle frictional yarn interactions at the small scale, yet they naturally produce the rich large-scale nonlinearity of textiles. In contrast, models used in the fashion, engineering, or VFX industries nowadays, describe textiles as a continuum, and do not reach the accuracy required for validating the mechanical behavior and visual appearance of cloth. The FabricMetrics project will develop a commercial prototype that will leverage yarn-level fabric models, and will enable digital testing of designs, utilize economic and renewable materials while achieving desired mechanical properties, or explore the design space of textiles until the desired fit, drape and flow are achieved. The project plan includes the development of the commercial prototype, testing phases, establishment of connections and alliances with potential customers (fashion schools and fashion companies), and the refinement of the current business plan.

Mots-clés : cloth design,textile simulation
Projet ERC : ALIENIMPACTS (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution
Entité participante : University of London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : U. London
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999997.0 €

The Anthropocene, the current geological epoch, is characterised by human-induced ecological changes, which have prompted a global biodiversity crisis. Human-introduced alien plants could help to offset native species loss, augmenting diversity and maintaining the services and capital that humans derive from nature. However, alien species that become invasive are themselves a key threat to biodiversity. Alien species thus presents a huge challenge for biodiversity conservation in the Anthropocene: should their arrival and establishment be inhibited or disregarded as they can potentially both exacerbate and ameliorate biodiversity loss? Coupling empirical and theoretical approaches, ALIENIMPACTS will directly address this challenge by developing an approach for accurately predicting impacts of alien plant invasions on plant community diversity and identifying the circumstances under which negative impacts will occur. Using temperate grasslands as a model system, ALIENIMPACTS will use innovative field experiments and global observations to systematically quantify – for the first time – how often, for how long, to what extent, under what conditions and in what ways alien plants can impact plant community diversity. ALIENIMPACTS will develop mechanistic niche models, validated with empirical data from grasslands in North America, Europe and Australia, that will enable realistic scenarios of invasion biodiversity impacts to be forecast, now and in the future. Developing empirically accurate mechanistic models that predict invasions and their biodiversity impact is a highly ambitious goal. Its achievement will mark a step-change in ecological theory and understanding, will inform environmental policy and management, and address a critical research challenge of the Anthropocene: how to conserve the biodiversity of plants – the dominant life form on earth – under global environmental change.

Mots-clés : biological invasions,invasive species,community ecology,invasion science,non native alien plants,biodiversity,environmental change
Projet ERC : INDEX (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : Polish Academy of Sciences — Pays : Pologne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : PAN
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 880625.0 €

The Atiyah-Singer index theorem was one of the most spectacular achievements of mathematics in the XXth century, connecting the analytic and topological properties of manifolds. The Baum-Connes conjecture is a hugely successful approach to generalizing the index theorem to a much broader setting. It has remarkable applications in topology and analysis. For instance, it implies the Novikov conjecture on the homotopy invariance of higher signatures of a closed manifold and the Kaplansky-Kadison conjecture on the existence of non-trivial idempotents in the reduced group C*-algebra of a torsion-free group. At present, the Baum-Connes conjecture is known to hold for a large class of groups, including groups admitting metrically proper isometric actions on Hilbert spaces and Gromov hyperbolic groups. The Baum-Connes conjecture with certain coefficients is known to fail for a class of groups, whose Cayley graphs contain coarsely embedded expander graphs. Nevertheless, the conjecture in full generality remains open and there is a growing need for new examples of groups and group actions, that would be counterexamples to the Baum-Connes conjecture. The main objective of this project is to exhibit such examples. Our approach relies on strengthening Kazhdan’s property (T), a prominent cohomological rigidity property, from its original setting of Hilbert spaces to much larger classes of Banach spaces. Such properties are an emerging direction in the study of cohomological rigidity and are not yet well-understood. They lie at the intersection of geometric group theory, non-commutative geometry and index theory. In their study we will implement novel approaches, combining geometric and analytic techniques with variety of new cohomological constructions.

Mots-clés : kazhdan s property  t,kazhdan projection,spectral gap,cohomology of groups,proper cocycle,baum connes conjecture
Projet ERC : BIRTH (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : University of Belgrade — Pays : Serbie — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 204004.16 €

The BIRTH project will investigate the key biological and cultural mechanisms affecting fertility rates resulting the Neolithic Demogaphic Transition, the major demographic shift in human evolution. We integrate skeletal markers with micro-nutritional and macro-scaled cultural effects on fertility rates during the Early-Middle Holocene (10000-5000 BC) in the Central Balkans. Human, animal and plant remains, will be analysed using methods from bioarchaeological, forensic, chemical sciences in order to: 1) Investigate variability in the pattern of birth rates (number of pregnancies, interval(s) between them and the duration of the reproductive period) through histological analysis of irregularities in tooth cementum of women; 2) Determine paleoobstetric and neonatal body characteristics, health status and nutrition through analysis of skeletal remains; 3) Determine micronutritional changes during the Early-Middle Holocene through trace element (Zn, Ca and Fe) analysis; 4) Investigate the micro and macronutritional value of prehistoric foodstuffs, through an analysis of animal and plant remains and to compare the nutritional intake in relation to health and fertility; 5) Establish a chronology of the NDT in the Balkans by summed radiocarbon probability distributions; 6) Explore the possible role of culture in driving fertility increases, through analysis of community attitudes to birthing trough investigation of neonate graves and artifact connected to the birthing process. Given that the issues of health and fertility are of utmost importance in the present as they were in the past, the BIRTH project offers new understanding of biocultural mechanisms which led to fertility increase and novel approaches to ancient skeletal heritage, and emphasizes their great potential for modern humanity.

Mots-clés : prehistoric fertility,birth rate,obstertic,micronutrition,micro and macronutritional value of prehistoric food,paleosoil and anthropogenic activities,thermal condition of birthing
Projet ERC : DECOR (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions
Entité participante : Masaryk University — Pays : Rép. Tchèque — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : MU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1844603.75 €

The C-terminal domain (CTD) of the RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) largest subunit coordinates co-transcriptional processing and it is decorated by many processing factors throughout the transcription cycle. The composition of this supramolecular assembly is diverse and highly dynamic. Many of the factors associate with RNAPII weakly and transiently, and the association is dictated by different post-translational modification patterns and conformational changes of the CTD. To determine how these accessory factors assemble and exchange on the CTD of RNAPII has remained a major challenge. Here, we aim to unravel the structural and mechanistic bases for the dynamic assembly of RNAPII CTD with its processing factors. Using NMR, we will determine high-resolution structures of several protein factors bound to the CTD carrying specific modifications. This will enable to decode how CTD modification patterns stimulate or prevent binding of a given processing factor. We will also establish the structural and mechanistic bases of proline isomerisation in the CTD that control the timing of isomer-specific protein-protein interactions. Next, we will combine NMR and SAXS approaches to unravel how the overall CTD structure is remodelled by binding of multiple copies of processing factors and how these factors cross-talk with each other. Finally, we will elucidate a mechanistic basis for the exchange of processing factors on the CTD. Our study will answer the long-standing questions of how the overall CTD structure is modulated on binding to processing factors, and whether these factors cross-talk and compete with each other. The level of detail that we aim to achieve is currently not available for any transient molecular assemblies of such complexity. In this respect, the project will also provide knowledge and methodology for further studies of large and highly flexible molecular assemblies that still remain poorly understood.

Mots-clés : rna polymerase ii,the ctd code,protein protein interactions,co transcriptional processing,nmr spectroscopy,saxs
Projet ERC : IsoCAN (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ULPGC
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1095372.25 €

The Canary Islands were settled 2,000 years ago by farming populations from North Africa representing the westernmost limits of Eurasian human colonisation until European contact with the Americas. This is a superlative example of colonisation because the first colonists remained isolated until the arrival and colonization of Europeans in the 15th century AD. When Europeans arrived, Canarian populations spoke distinct dialects and did not have the seafaring skills needed to navigate between islands. The colonisation of the Canary Islands is an example of adaptation and sustainability because people were able to create anthropogenic landscapes capable of supporting increasing human populations on diverse and isolated island ecologies with a low density of food resources. Nevertheless, how first colonisers transformed pristine islands into domestic landscapes to make islands more habitable for humans remains unresolved. IsoCAN project will explore the first colonisation of the Canary Islands from the beginning of the Common Era to the 15th century AD, which represent the last expansion of the Mediterranean farming package, This project will (1) establish the chronology of the initial colonisation of the Canary Islands; (2) determine the geographic origins and the genetic variability of the human population, domesticates (animals and plants) and parasitic species (insects); (3) define the process of adaptation and resilience of the first settlers; and (4) investigate human impact on landscape and the management of natural resources. This set of evidence will enable us to investigate two transcendental questions: how do humans colonise new territories, and what are the cultural and biological adaptations? This ambitious project will provide insights about the adaptive mechanisms through which isolated and fragile insular ecosystems were successfully colonised by human societies, focusing on social complexity, subsistence practices and landscape transformation.

Mots-clés : island archaeology,bioarchaeology,colonisation,human environmental interactions
Projet ERC : CHILDPHOTOARCHIVE (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Proof of concept grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : University of London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : U. London
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 147194.0 €

The Children’s Photography Archive (CPA beta) is the first archive in the world of its kind, featuring the photographs of child photographers. Our proposal is to test the scaling up of the CPA for the creation of evidence-based and openly accessible methodologies and learning resources for a child-authored, multimodal citizenship curriculum in primary schools. The social innovation grows out of our ERC-funded research (the 'CONNECTORS STUDY') on the relationship between childhood and public life with six- to eight-year olds that demonstrated how children connect to and produce rich multimodal stories (using text, image, sound) about their experiences of public life. Our proposal is to create and make sustainable the first-ever Children’s Photography Archive 2.0 (CPA 2.0) for citizenship education that provides educators and pupils methodologies and tools for a child-authored, multimodal citizenship education. The project seeks to (1) address the challenges faced by teachers in delivering citizenship education; (2) develop adult/educator capabilities for understanding children's visual communication in relation to citizenship; (3) provide an infrastructure to support and recognise children's visual communication. The CPA 2.0 will innovate on citizenship education by offering multimodal content and methodology created by and designed with children and teachers, and will test the scaling up of the CPA for child-authored, multimodal citizenship education in real-world settings, at the same time as providing a platform for children photographers to display their work and increase public understanding of children’s photographic forms of expression. There is an urgency to this project as we enter a critical time for Europe’s future. As such, geographically located at the edges of Europe (Greece, United Kingdom), this project will yield complex and emerging multimodal stories of what it means to grown up ‘European’ which will serve educational and cultural purposes.

Mots-clés : children,citizenship education,photography,live archives,multimodal photo stories,teacher education and training,europe
Projet ERC : CLIMASLOW (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : University of Eastern Finland — Pays : Finlande — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UEF
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1456179.0 €

The ClimaSlow project opens new interdisciplinary horizons to identify the best opportunities to enhance the global legal and regulatory framework for reducing emissions of short-lived climate pollutants (SLCFs), with particular attention to developing countries as projected key sources of future SLCF emissions. It proceeds from the assumption that strengthening the global legal and regulatory framework for SLCFs would bring important benefits in terms of slowing down climate change and reducing local air pollution. However, legal and regulatory options to step up action on SLCFs have not been studied comprehensively. Furthermore, the climate impacts of the various options are not adequately understood. In contrast to traditional legal analysis that would focus one legal system or instrument, the project will study the relevant legal and regulatory frameworks comprehensively, considering the international, regional, national and transnational levels. It will seek to identify various options, both formal legal instruments and informal regulatory initiatives, to strengthen the global legal and regulatory frameworks applicable to SLCFs. In addition to providing information on best options to regulate SLCFs, this novel, comprehensive approach will help scholars to improve their understanding of the implications of ongoing changes in global legal landscape, including its presumed fragmentation and deformalisation. Addressing an important gap in current knowledge, the project will combine analysis of the merits of the various legal and regulatory options with estimates of their climate change impacts on the basis of climate modeling. This way, it will be able to identify the alternatives that are the most promising both from the legal point of view and in terms of climate change mitigation potential. The project will generate information that is policy-relevant and context-specific but can simultaneously provide broader lessons and open new interdisciplinary horizons.

Mots-clés : climate change law,global environmental law,climate policy,short lived climate forcers
Projet ERC : P2PMODELS (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer science and informatics
Entité participante : Universidad Complutense de Madrid — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UCM
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1498855.0 €

The Collaborative Economy (CE) is rapidly expanding through new forms of Internet labor and commerce, from Wikipedia to Kickstarter and Airbnb. However, it suffers from 3 main challenges: (1) Infrastructure: centralized surveillance that the central hubs of information exercise over their users, (2) Governance: disempowered communities which do not have any decision-making influence over the platform, and (3) Economy: concentration of profits in a few major players who do not proportionally redistribute them to the contributors. How can CE software platforms be implemented for solving these challenges? P2PMODELS explores a new way of building CE software platforms harnessing the blockchain, an emerging technology that enables autonomous agent-mediated organizations, in order to (1) provide a software framework to build decentralized infrastructure for Collaborative Economy organizations that do not depend on central authorities, (2) enable democratic-by-design models of governance for communities, by encoding rules directly into the software platform, and (3) enable fairer value distribution models, thus improving the economic sustainability of both CE contributors and organizations. Together, these 3 objectives will bootstrap the emergence of a new generation of self-governed and more economically sustainable peer-to-peer CE communities. The interdisciplinary nature of P2PMODELS will open a new research field around agent-mediated organizations for collaborative communities and their self-enforcing rules for automatic governance and economic rewarding. Bringing this proposal to life requires a funding scheme compatible with a high-risk/high-gain vision to finance a fully dedicated and highly motivated research team with multidisciplinary skills.

Mots-clés : blockchain,decentralized systems,multi agent systems,collaborative economy,peer to peer,online communities,collaboration,governance,e democracy,cryptocurrencies,framework,platforms,models