Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : IceAblation (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth System Science
Entité participante : Lyon-I université — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Lyon I
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1426875.0 €

Ice shelves fringing the Antarctic coastline limit sea-level rise by slowing down the flow of grounded ice into the sea. They are thinning because of warming and intensifying ocean currents. Building upon my expertise in multi-scale flow dynamics and subglacial oceanography, I will resolve the two main bottlenecks that impair our ability to assess and project the state of Antarctic ice shelves. These are: (i) a poor understanding of the relationship between ice-shelf ablation rates and ocean properties & (ii) the high computational cost of ocean simulations.  I will first build new models of the metre-thick ice-shelf—ocean boundary layer (ISOBL), using innovative laboratory experiments and simulations that will unravel its dynamics. The lack of accurate ISOBL models is responsible for leading-order errors in predicting ice loss rates and freshwater production. The new models will capture how turbulence controls heat fluxes over an unprecedented range of sub ice-shelf conditions, accurately predicting ice ablation rates from the grounding line to the shelf front.  I will then promote a paradigm shift in the modelling of oceans beneath ice shelves, which are hundreds of kilometres wide. At present, ensemble simulations of ice-shelf ocean cavities on 100-year time scales are about 1000 times computationally too costly to resolve mesoscales, which influence the mean circulation and ice ablation. To circumvent this issue, I will train novel data-driven reduced-order models (ROMs), which will emulate the ocean dynamics at high resolution and unprecedently low computational cost. The ROMs will learn the key fingerprints of ocean cavities and their time evolution from short-term high-resolution simulations. They will then be extended to longer times and different forcing conditions, enabling eddy-resolving IPCC-level large ensemble simulations of subglacial oceans, which will help reduce uncertainty related to the timing of abrupt regime changes of the Antarctic ice sheet.

Mots-clés : subglacial oceanography,turbulence,ice shelves,boundary layers,large scale flows,mesoscales,melting and dissolution,direct numerical simulations,laboratory experiments,data driven reduced order models,subgrid scale parameterization,ice sheets,sea level rise,climate change
Projet ERC : DECYCLE (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Human Mobility, Environment, and Space
Entité participante : Université d'Amsterdam — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UvA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1431711.0 €

A transition towards a degrowth economy is necessary to tackle the related challenges of resource scarcity and waste accumulation. Degrowth pursues socio-economic wealth while reducing material flows and reusing waste in socially responsible and ecologically regenerative ways. As a concrete approach to realizing these ends, the concept of the circular economy has gathered political momentum. However, this model will have no impact on city-regions' ecological footprint unless it challenges the regulations that dismiss certain materials as waste in the first place. DECYCLE lays the groundwork for studying the regulatory frameworks that make it possible to revalue waste materials as a resource for city-regional development. It develops an approach termed 'institutional urban political ecology', which combines city-regions' regulatory, spatial, and ecological dimensions, usually studied separately. It interrogates the legal, spatial, and economic regulations that define waste streams' political responsibilities, geographies, and financial architecture. DECYCLE puts forward a new concept, the material valorization regime, to explain how these regulations govern the valorization of waste across multiple scales. It develops a distinct new method of 'enactment tracing' for critical urban research, which involves mapping actors engaged in defending and contesting regulations. DECYCLE comparatively analyzes how regulations valorize streams of construction, food, and heat waste in Hamburg, Amsterdam, Barcelona, Vienna, and Milan. It also explains how transnational regulatory frameworks affect waste reduction at the city-regional scale. By theorizing the relationship between regulatory change and the urban metabolism in contemporary eco-capitalism, DECYCLE sets out to free urbanization from its dependency on the production of waste and raw materials. In so doing, it lays the foundations for future socio-spatial inquiry into the institutional basis of city-regional metabolisms.

Mots-clés : urban degrowth degrowth political ecology circular economy of cities planning institutions regulations of ecological capitalism urban waste materials urban political ecology of waste
Projet ERC : BAYESIAN P-NETS (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Compl exity
Entité participante : Université d'Amsterdam — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UvA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499991.0 €

Network modelling is quickly gaining ground as a promising way to understand psychological phenomena. The rise of network analysis can be observed throughout the psychological sciences but has been particularly influential in psychopathology. While the network modelling literature has been rapidly expanding, methodological innovations struggle to keep pace. Reviews taking stock of the field invariably zoom in on the methodological challenges that network research faces. The absence of a confirmatory scheme, the replicability of network results, and the struggle with population heterogeneity rank firmly among the field's top priorities. These methodological challenges critically impede our understanding of psychological phenomena and the design of effective interventions. This proposal outlines a new research program for psychological network modelling that addresses current methodological challenges. Based on the basic principles of Bayesian inference, I develop a new confirmatory network methodology that uses model-averaging to deliver robust, replicable network results. The new model-averaging approach will be designed for an exhaustive collection of network models and for cross-sectional and longitudinal applications. I will develop new models that are urgently needed--but missing from the current set of networks--and advance solutions for modelling heterogeneous psychological data to complete the new program. The proposed work puts psychological network modelling on a firm methodological foundation. To boost the project's impact, the new methods and models are made available in JASP (jasp-stats.org), a user-friendly, free statistical software package that I co-developed. Armed with an exhaustive set of network models, a confirmatory methodology that delivers replicable results, and their implementation in open-source software, applied researchers can leverage the full potential of psychological network modelling.

Mots-clés : bayesian model averaging network psychometrics symptom networks
Projet ERC : RE-LINK (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer Science and Informatics
Entité participante : Université d'Amsterdam — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UvA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1500000.0 €

This proposal aims to develop, for the first time, new computational models to systematically evaluate 1) the long-term societal impacts of link-recommendation algorithms in online social networks and 2) design a new paradigm of link-recommenders that incentivize cooperation, collective action, and misinformation control.  It is urgent to understand how algorithms used in online social media impact human behavioural dynamics given the widespread use of social media platforms and the evidence that they contribute to exacerbate radicalization, misinformation, and incite hate. This is a challenging endeavour. Online platforms are nowadays complex ecosystems where millions of humans influence each other while co-existing with AI algorithms. In this context, link-recommendation algorithms, used to recommend new connections to users, are ubiquitous. Such algorithms fundamentally affect how new connections are formed and the information users are exposed to. Governing online social networks requires understanding the impact of link-recommenders and how to adapt them to ensure long-term benefits.  With RE-LINK, I aim to develop a new class of models to understand the impact of link-recommendations on social dynamics and, in turn, design a new paradigm of algorithms that balance short-term performance and long-term societal benefits. This will be achieved by developing agent-based models where the evolution of behaviours occurs over adaptive networks whose growth, in turn, follows the heuristics used by link-recommenders. I will resort to evolutionary game theory and stochastic population dynamics to formally study the stability of behaviours in this setting. I will use the modelling results to design new link-recommenders that contribute to stabilize positive social behaviours such as cooperation, collective action, and misinformation debunking. The developed algorithms will be evaluated with large-scale multi-agent simulations, online experiments, and real-world data.

Mots-clés : multi agent systems multi agent simulation agent based modelling complex networks network science evolutionary game theory
Projet ERC : NeoGutChip (Horizon Europe, appel 2025, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing
Entité participante : Université d'Amsterdam — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UvA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499996.0 €

Developing a healthy host-microbiome symbiosis during the first 1000 days of human life is critical for lifelong health. Despite its importance, our understanding is limited and derives from animal studies or associative human trials. Therefore, there is a pressing need for an infant gut model to capture dynamic microbiome-epithelium-immune interactions in early life. In NeoGutChip I will develop and validate a first-of-its-kind in vitro human Infant Gut-Microbiome-Immune-on-a-chip model (iGuMI) that will faithfully simulate the complex anaerobic environment of the infant gut, which current models cannot achieve. I will capitalize on my cutting-edge GuMI and microbiome engineering experience, to ensure that iGuMI is microbiota- and immune-competent. I will use iGuMI to determine the impact of dietary and microbial factors (especially early bacterial colonizers) on the development and maturation of infant gut microbiota, the mucosal barrier, and immune cells, and unravel the keystone bacterial species and key genes driving these effects. I will realize these objectives through autologous coculture of infant colonic organoids derived epithelium and naïve immune cells in iGuMI. Using bacterial colonization and long-term coculture in iGuMI, I will identify a set of infant gut species driving the immune maturation, and key bacterial genes through RNA sequencing, metabolomics, and loss-of-function assays. Finally, I will investigate mechanism-guided intervention of the microbiota-immune axis in iGuMI to promote anti-inflammatory T cells and mucosal barrier function in infant gut. The successful completion of NeoGutChip will decode the strain-by-strain view of immune modulation by infant gut microbiota in early life and offer a molecular basis to rationally “design” new interventions that directionally promote immune health in babies. Finally, iGuMI can be further developed into a preclinical tool, representing a breakthrough for pediatric biology and medicine.
Projet ERC : XANTHORESIST (Horizon Europe, appel 2025, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Biotechnology and Biosystems E ngineering
Entité participante : Université d'Amsterdam — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UvA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1843713.0 €

Plants restrict entry of pathogens through physical barriers, and via Plants restrict the entry of pathogens through physical barriers and an innate immune system that recognizes pathogenic activity and initiates immune responses to halt the infection. As pathogens employ distinct infection strategies to invade plant tissues, immune responses are not uniform but rather specific for different cell and tissue types. This highlights the need to challenge the current concept of plant immunity and expand it towards a tissue-specific perspective. Vascular pathogens belonging to the bacterial genera Xanthomonas and Clavibacter exploit hydathodes –small multicellular organs at the leaf margin, which extrude xylem sap and are directly connected to the vasculature– as entry point into the plant. Currently, we have little understanding of the immune mechanisms in hydathodes. To address this knowledge gap and overcome technical challenges of studying molecular processes in localized and low abundant hydathode tissue, I propose an ambitious and timely project using state-of-the-art approaches: 1) My goal is to identify elicitors, which are perceived by receptors in hydathodes, triggering immunity by using activity-guided screening of pathogen extracts and mass spectrometry. 2) I aim to isolate and characterise hydathode-inhabiting commensal microbes that play a role in plant protection by, amongst others, laser-microdissection of hydathode tissue and (spatial) microbiota profiling. 3) To dissect cell-specific responses towards pathogens and commensals and to identify hydathode-specific immune pathways, recently available single nucleus RNA sequencing combined with live-cell imaging of fluorescent reporters will be applied. Overall, hydathodes are a unique system to study both tissue-specificity of plant immunity and microbiota-mediated protection. Hence, this project will contribute to a comprehensive view of plant immunity and opens a path to novel plant protection strategies.

Mots-clés : plant immune signalling,tissue specific immunity,vascular plant pathogens
Projet ERC : EMODEV (Horizon Europe, appel 2025, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Soci al World and Its Interactions
Entité participante : Université d'Amsterdam — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UvA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1500000.0 €

Emotions drive our behaviours and help us navigate our physical and social worlds. While a broad range of distinct emotions have recently received attention in studies among adults, comparable research among young children remains scarce. We thus know next to nothing about when, how, and why emotions such as awe, excitement, and envy emerge in early development, limiting our understanding of how emotions motivate and guide young children’s everyday behaviour. This pioneering interdisciplinary research program on the emergence of distinct emotions in early development aims to systematically study 12 distinct emotions—interest, excitement, awe, feeling moved, schadenfreude, elevation, confusion, worry, disappointment, envy, resentment, and indignation—in children from nine months to five years. The central premises are that (1) we need to study different components of emotions: their elicitors, nonverbal expressions, physiological reactions, and effects on subsequent behaviours, as well as prerequisites and individual and social mechanisms of development; and (2) this research should be conducted in naturalistic contexts. Integrating qualitative approaches with ethological, experimental, longitudinal, and cross-cultural designs, I will empirically investigate when, how, and why distinct emotions emerge in early development. The first objective is to observe different components of emotions as they naturally occur in everyday life across cultures. The second objective is to experimentally examine the causes and consequences of the 12 emotions. The third objective is to map the timing, (socio-)cognitive prerequisites, and the individual and social mechanisms that give rise to these emotions. The overall ambition is to advance the first integrative and empirically grounded account of the emergence of distinct emotions in human development. This will revolutionize our understanding of the nature of emotion and the motivations behind young children’s behaviour.

Mots-clés : emotion,children,caregivers,social cognition,development
Projet ERC : MentalSEP (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention,  Diagnosis and T reatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : CERCA Institution — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CERCA;I-CERCA
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1050068.85 €

There is robust evidence that low socioeconomic position is associated with an elevated risk of subsequent mental disorders, but the validity of these findings is debated. This association could be causal or could be the result of failing to adjust for underlying risk factors that cause both a lower socioeconomic position and a higher risk of mental disorders. Existing studies (i) do not fully account for familial and genetic underlying factors, (ii) do not use measures of socioeconomic position at different levels (e.g., individual and neighborhood), and/or (iii) do not consider mental health beyond clinically diagnosed mental disorders. MentalSEP addresses these fundamental gaps by developing a novel approach to estimate the association between childhood socioeconomic position and subsequent mental health in a comprehensive way using Danish population-based data (~11 million persons). I plan to consider both genetic and familial susceptibility and different aspects of socioeconomic position and mental health. Additionally, I propose two important methodological developments to overcome the limitations of current techniques: (i) to adapt new measures of familial susceptibility through the health and socioeconomic history of family members, and (ii) to develop data-driven methods capable of combining data sources from non-overlapping sample populations. The broad guiding hypothesis of this project is that innovative methods bridging different disciplines will reveal more meaningful information on the potential effect of socioeconomic position on mental health. MentalSEP is ground-breaking both in relation to the methods it will develop and their application. The project will deliver cutting-edge knowledge about social inequalities in mental health, helping us better guide policies aimed at reducing their impact. In addition, the project will explore pioneering methodological approaches that have the potential to be a major advancement in the field of epidemiology.

Mots-clés : register based epidemiology observational studies psychiatric epidemiology social inequalities data linkage family risk scores
Projet ERC : NEUROGROUP (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System
Entité participante : Leibniz-Gemeinschaft — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : WLG
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1700000.0 €

The negative impact on society's mental health by social distancing during the current COVID-19 pandemic highlights the importance of social interactions in maintaining a healthy life. Reputation, cooperation, and an individual's social ties play a crucial role in social interactions. My proposal will examine the interdependence and neural correlates of these psychological processes. I hypothesize that a social tie's strength influences cooperative behavior; similarly, cooperative behavior fosters social ties. Further, I hypothesize that the interplay of neuronal activity in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and insular cortex underpins these processes. My recent studies of human and non-human primate dmPFC showed its involvement in encoding social processes. Yet, its role in cooperation and social tie formation is unclear. To test these hypotheses, we will first characterize the neuronal representations underlying group cooperation. Second, we will identify the neuronal mechanisms underlying fundamental behavioral processes in forming and maintaining social ties during naturalistic interactions in monkeys. Third, we will compare in a new world monkey and humans the association between group cooperation and social ties? formation and maintenance. This new line of investigation will shed light on how elementary social computations during group interactions such as social dilemmas are computed at the single-neuronal and population levels within the primate brain. Overall, this proposal will allow us to study social interactions in a way that has never been done before and will lay the foundation of future work in my independent laboratory. By using an innovative approach, this project aims to identify the brain's mechanisms underlying the formation of non-kin and non-reproductive alliances. The information gleaned from this work will lay the groundwork for a comprehensive behavioral and neuronal mechanistic understanding of social ties.

Mots-clés : neurophysiology,social cognition,social interaction,non human primate,humans,decision making