Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : AdaptiveVision (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System
Entité participante : Université Johannes-Gutenberg de Mayence — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : JGU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999613.0 €

The processing of visual information allows humans, animals, and computer-vision based machines to navigate the world. All visual systems face common challenges when the world rapidly changes. Such changes are often generated by an animal’s own movement. Self-motion for example causes fast changes in illumination and generates global motion patterns on the eye, due to the movement of the world relative to the observer. Diverse visual systems face these common challenges but must also deal with important differences. First, animals experience different environments. Second, animals show different types of behavior, such as walking or flying, and behavior will alter the visual cues that the animal encounters. The goal of AdaptiveVision is to first understand common principles of visual system function, and to then work out how diverse visual systems adapt to specific environmental and behavioral constraints. To achieve this, AdaptiveVision will study two essential visual computations, the robust estimation of contrast in dynamically changing environments, and the encoding of global motion cues generated by self-motion. For both topics, AdaptiveVision will follow a common approach: We will first study the mechanisms of visual computation in D.melanogaster. This model organism allows to identify molecular, biophysical, and circuit mechanisms of visual system function and link these back to behavior, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of visual computation. Second, a comparative approach will answer how diverse visual systems adapt to the individual constraints brought about by the environments and by the animal’s own behavior. Developing different Drosophila species as genetic models or applying transcriptomic techniques in different Diptera will allow us to obtain molecular signatures of homologous cell types and lead toward an understanding of the molecular basis of the evolution of visual computation.

Mots-clés : neuroethology,neuroevolution,visual processing,neural computation
Projet ERC : EnactDECOM (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Human Mobility, Environment, and Space
Entité participante : École polytechnique de Turin — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1959768.0 €

Faced with increased housing inequalities worldwide, calls are emerging for housing models that are non-speculative and resident-led. ‘Decommodified’ housing - such as co-operative rental and limited equity ownership - is seen as a pathway for a more caring and just urban future, in contrast to global crises of housing security and affordability. Such housing models aim to transform economic, social, and political relations by transforming the role of housing in wealth inequalities, and by outlining paradigm changes in shared living and housing governance. To date, international scholarship on decommodified models has focused on countries with historically strong housing welfare, neglecting practices in ‘familistic’ housing regimes, such as Southern Europe. The EnactDECOM project will challenge the academic paradigm of the cultural and economic inevitability of individual home ownership by learning from neglected innovations in housing enacted by historical and new (<10 years) decommodification movements in the region. It will break new ground conceptually, empirically, and methodologically in urban and housing scholarship by filling substantial research gaps on past and present housing decommodification in six key Southern (Western/Eastern) European countries. By pioneering a new interdisciplinary framework, the EnactDECOM project will examine how decommodified housing practices enact transformative responses to intersecting crises and established relations to property. It will generate novel knowledge on 1) neglected histories of decommodification at risk of disappearance; 2) place-specific responses to social, economic, and political crises; 3) changing family property relations, and 4) local and transnational cultural visions of collective property. The project will test the potential for decommodification in contexts marked by dominant home ownership, familism and limited housing welfare, to advance global debates on enacting urban and housing equity.
Projet ERC : EXPLORE (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental Constituents of Matter
Entité participante : Université de la Ruhr à Bochum — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2201881.0 €

Nonlinear optical methods play a crucial role in science and technology and enables scientists across the globe to manipulate light at will and access the entire electromagnetic spectrum, from X-rays to Terahertz (THz) waves via frequency conversion. Accessing material nonlinearities requires high input light intensity, thus novel laser sources are instrumental in advancing nonlinear optics (NLO). The first revolution in NLO was enabled by wide access to femtosecond (fs-) laser sources, that ensured sufficiently high peak powers from table-top systems to access most material nonlinearities. However, these high-peak powers are usually generated at low repetition rates below 1kHz, due to laser source limitations in average power. In this case, the material nonlinearity recovers by the time the next pulse in the train arrives and every pulse sees the “same” material. EXPLORE proposes that the second revolution will be the use of high-repetition rate pulses to collectively tailor the nonlinear properties of the medium and allow for the same interactions at greatly reduced energy, thus opening the door to highly NLO at very high repetition rates without prohibitively increasing complexity, with wide implications across disciplines making use of secondary sources of radiation and nonlinear optical methods. EXPLORE aims to demonstrate this breakthrough idea by using advanced high-power and high-repetition rate laser technology to significantly enhance the nonlinear response of atmospheric plasmas by driving it at ultra-high repetition rates >10 MHz. In these conditions the air plasma chemical composition does not recover from pulse to pulse and a rich chemical mixture can be tailored to enhance the nonlinear properties such that much lower peak power is required for the nonlinear interaction. To prove our theory, we will apply the concept to demonstrate a high repetition rate watt-level air-plasma based Terahertz time-domain spectrometer with unprecedented performance.

Mots-clés : terahertz science and technology,secondary sources
Projet ERC : Mecha-NO-Chem (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : Université de la Ruhr à Bochum — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999605.0 €

At present, mechanochemistry is transferring an ever-growing number of chemical reactions from conventional wet-chemical procedures into the solid-state environment of ball mills. As an electrified and largely solvent-free synthesis concept, it addresses the call for greater sustainability in chemistry, while simultaneously unrevealing a widely unexplored academic frontier with often markedly different product selectivities. Applied in organic and inorganic chemistry, in the synthesis of polymers and biomolecules, the idea almost always revolves around the concept that colliding milling balls transfer mechanical energy to reactants, thereby initiating their reactivity. This concept is reflected in the definition of mechanochemistry by IUPAC as 'chemical reactivity initiated by the absorption of mechanical energy'. This project challenges the core of this definition, hypothesizing that the majority of what is denoted as mechanochemical is not initiated by the absorption of mechanical energy at all. This project is groundbreaking as it aims to change the self-conception of a discipline. It develops a new classification for seemingly mechanochemical reactions - the triangle of mechanochemistry, which categorizes reactions based on mixing, thermal- and mechanical energy. I hypothesize that most reactions designated as mechanochemical are not driven by mechanical energy, but by intensive mixing, still operating under thermal control near room temperature. I will develop methods to isolate and quantify these three parameters in mechanochemical reactions and locate latter in the triangle of mechanochemistry. This project will explore the reasons behind mechanochemical reactivity challenging the fundament a whole discipline is built on – its current definition. Precisely this knowledge on the underlying principles of mechanochemistry is pivotal to sophisticate and foster reliability within this expanding discipline and to remove it from the realm of black-box chemistry.

Mots-clés : mechanochemistry
Projet ERC : DISCO (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Condensed Matter Physics
Entité participante : Imperial College London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ICL
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2214049.0 €

The overall aim of DISCO is to transform our approach to operando atomic scale microscopy, to both probe and manipulate the emergent phases formed inside ferroelectric domain walls during dynamics.  Ferroelectric domain wall topologies are one of the most fascinating objects in condensed matter physics, due to their localised multi-functionality and mobility. Recent advances in characterisation techniques have shown that ferroelectric wall configurations go well beyond the previously accepted Ising-type structure. Néel-, Bloch-, and vortex-like polar patterns have been observed, displaying strong similarities with the spin textures at magnetic walls. This seismic shift in the field of ferroelectrics has initiated a cross disciplinary dimension, connecting the ferroelectrics and magnetism communities. However, research into the exotic orders of the ferroelectric domain walls is still in its infancy, and to date the focus has been on the static properties of the walls.  The dynamics of domain walls is the key advantage of this type of interface for future interactive nano-electronics, and thus it is vital to not just probe the stationary phases. The DISCO team will target the emerging phases formed inside the walls when they are moving. The major roadblock is the lack of experimental detection methods that provide the required resolution and sensitivity. We cannot harness these dynamic functionalities if we do not understand the sub-atomic scale fundamental physics governing their formation.  DISCO will exploit the in-situ electric field of Å-sized electron microscopy probes, thus allowing us to investigate dynamics at the subatomic scale. The crucial goal of this project is detecting and detangling changes in signals of strain, charge and spin produced as the domain walls move. DISCO will introduce viable operando detection schemes for coupled signals within atomic scale interfaces, creating new possibilities in dynamic nano-electronics and future quantum devices.

Mots-clés : atomic engineering,dynamic interfaces,ferroelectric domain walls,multiferroic,emergent phases,emergent functional properties,operando in situ electron microscopy
Projet ERC : LCCED (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : Imperial College London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ICL
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1571926.0 €

Culture—a set of socially transmitted beliefs and values—is increasingly discussed as a major driver of economic development. Cultural factors such as trust of strangers and gender norms shape, and are shaped by, the nature of economic activity. Yet economic research on the relationship between culture and development has been constrained by the lack of long-run data on cultural change. My ERC CoG develops an ambitious research agenda on the two-way relationship between economic development and culture. I will create an unprecedented quantitative panel dataset describing the long-run evolution of cultural norms across India’s 4635 endogamous social groups by digitizing thousands of ethnographic reports produced by the Anthropological Survey of India between 1880 and 1990. I will match them to modern survey data to study the relationship between group-level cultural norms and individual behavior. My research group has already assembled the inputs for this project and proven that large language models like GPT4 can be used to extract standardized data from these ethnographies. This proposal builds on a research agenda and data science toolkit that I have been developing over the past fifteen years. I will generate three major sets of outputs:  1) The world’s first long-run, large-scale panel dataset on cultural change: standardized data on hundreds of norms across 4635 social groups covering 100 years. To grow the community of scholars working on culture and development, I will make the data open source and I will write a paper describing these data and the text-as-data tools I will develop.  2) Evidence on how culture shapes economic opportunity: two papers will focus on the impacts of cultural capital and cultural diversity shape opportunity, cooperation, and segregation. 3) Evidence on how economic change—in the forms of urbanization and climate change—affects long-run cultural evolution, and how cultural context shapes responses to economic challenges.

Mots-clés : cultural change,cultural capital,urbanization,climate change
Projet ERC : HYNANOSTORE (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and Processes Engineering
Entité participante : Conseil national de la recherche — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNR
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1973133.75 €

Humanity will increasingly need safe, clean and always available energy. Thus, having good energy storage systems will be more and more important in the future. Efficient and sustainable rechargeable batteries are required to power portable electronic devices, new hybrid electric vehicles and to store electricity from renewable sources. The mission of HYNANOSTORE is the development of new environment-friendly systems based on that organic molecules which are used in the chemistry of life for the storage of chemical energy and its transformation in electrical energy. HYNANOSTORE re-thinks the concept of battery’s electrode based on lithium insertion and propose a novel architecture in which the redox properties of bio-molecules such as enzymatic co-factors can take up and release ions reversibly in order to overcome the problems (safety, sustainability and long-term ciclability) associated with the use of conventional Li ion batteries. To achieve this, a nanostructured conductive scaffold with tailored characteristics will provide a framework to immobilize redox active molecules, extended surface area to maximize their loading, a pathway for the charge transport and a diffuse interface for the interaction with the electrolyte. The new bio-inspired engineered system developed after the successful completion of HYNANOSTORE will offer benefits in terms of power and cyclability; an energy density of 500 W h kg-1 and the retention of at least 90% capacity after cycling 800 times are expected with the implementation of these systems. The output of the project HYNANOSTORE will be the introduction of a new concept for lithium ion batteries towards cheap, green and versatile energy storage devices.

Mots-clés : energy storage,nanomaterials,rechargeable batteries
Projet ERC : FLoSS (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Systems and Communication Engineering
Entité participante : Institut Mines-Télécom — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : IMT
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1994961.0 €

This project derives information-theoretic fundamental limits and tradeoffs of classical and quantum distributed sensing (detection and estimation) systems, which are key in the Industry 4.0, smart cities, environmental applications, autonomous vehicles, etc. Our limits will: 1) serve as benchmarks for practical designs; 2) characterize the inherent tradeoffs; and 3) provide engineering guidelines. So far, a technique is missing that can derive the limits of modern distributed sensing systems with multiple decision centers, multiple objectives, and interactive and sequential behaviours. For the emerging field of quantum sensing even the limits of simple distributed systems have not been derived. With our recent converse proof technique (which already served to establish limits of detection, channel coding, and compression problems) we have a powerful tool for obtaining the desired strong or probability-of-error dependent converse proofs.

Mots-clés : information theory,statistics,quantum information theory
Projet ERC : CAIR (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Human Mobility, Environment, and Space
Entité participante : Université Miguel-Hernández — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1998750.0 €

Despite widespread recognition of social, economic, or environmental health determinants, health action remains heavily dominated by individual-level solutions (e.g., medication, patient counselling, vaccination). This proposal aims to stimulate changes in health system functioning by demonstrating how the cocreation of actions to address psychological well-being, cardiovascular health, and antimicrobial resistance from within the community can alleviate the burden on primary care services, reduce medicalisation and increase health equity. The scientific approach uses mixed methods and incorporates theory from multiple disciplines. We will appraise how the current system addresses psychological well-being, cardiovascular health, and rational use of antibiotics using a population survey, a survey of patients collecting their medication at community pharmacies, aggregate health service indicators on medication consumption and primary care consultations, and qualitative methods exploring stakeholders’ perceptions. We will undertake community-based participatory research to engage citizen scientists in the cocreation of community-led actions to promote psychological well-being, cardiovascular health, and prevent antimicrobial resistance. The design, implementation, and evaluation of the actions will apply an assets-based approach and apply theories and frameworks from implementation science in an iterative manner over 3 years. Finally, we will analyse the impact of the cocreated actions, considering effectiveness and broader contextual issues such as initiative adoption, implementation, and maintenance. This will use a before-after comparison of survey indicators, an interrupted time-series analysis of health service data and qualitative analysis. The goal is to demonstrate how the integration of community action with attention to the social determinants of health, can lead to a more rational approach to health care and ultimately improve health and health equity.

Mots-clés : social determinants of health community engagement cocreation citizen science implementation research psychological well being cardiovascular health antimicrobial resistance health promotion
Projet ERC : HydroConnect (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Soci al World and Its Interactions
Entité participante : Chr. Michelsen institute — Pays : Norvège — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CMI
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2263509.0 €

HydroConnect focuses on the connectivities afforded by hidden, underground fresh water that surfaces along the coastlines of islands lacking accessible, perennial fresh water. It explores how Austronesian-speaking seafarers transformed such freshwater ‘seeps’ into wells throughout the South China Sea and Indo-Pacific, affording sea-routes around these well networks. Thus, HydroConnect breaks with the tendency in the social sciences and historiography to analytically privilege oceans or navigable rivers as vectors of global connections and history-making. With the innovative concept of hydroconnectivities – human connections afforded by fresh water access – HydroConnect develops a novel theoretical framework linking the terrestrial and the aquatic through comparative historical ethnography of Austronesian speakers’ Indigenous knowledge, which has crossed oceans and flowed down generations, travelling between different groups of people. Deploying a cyclical tidalectic methodology transcending anthropology, archaeology and geology, it breaks new methodological and theoretical ground for conceptualising global history through hydrological connectivities across these chains of island worlds in different oceans. First, it studies how this travelling Indigenous knowledge enabled hydroconnectivities that opened up sea routes and integrated fresh water, well infrastructure, and ecological and social exchanges across immense oceanic spaces in the past. Second, the project maps and theorizes how present-day descendants and successors of Austronesian-speaking seafarers benefit from vernacular hydrological knowledge of underground freshwater seeps. Thus, it advances analogical knowledge for tackling groundwater depletion to enable past-informed and future-oriented water policies for the sustainable management of the Earth’s aquifers.

Mots-clés : anthropology,ethnography,hydroconnectivities,islanders,traveling indigenous knowledge,freshwater wells,tidalectic methodology,archaeological survey,geological mapping