Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : CATALOG (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : CERCA Institution — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CERCA;I-CERCA
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 149991.0 €

The Proof of Concept CATALOG will explore the industrial applicability and potential for commercialization of a prototype of a “computational multiscale material catalog”, to exploit HPROM (high‐performance reduced order modeling), a technology developed in the ERC Advanced Grant COMP-DES-MAT for advanced material simulation. CATALOG will provide extremely fast and accurate multiscale capabilities to existing commercial Finite Element Analysis Solvers (FEAS), greatly enhancing their standard simulation performance. This solution effectively addresses the current need for high-performance simulations, currently not provided by established multiscale approaches. The efficient and accurate material multiscale simulation technology HPROM —core technology behind CATALOG— is capable of outperforming state-of-the-art solutions by 1000x in computational cost at same precision. This software will provide the user with a rich selection of validated multiscale material models, and customizable accuracy-speedup, at unprecedented performance. CATALOG will be the first product able to fulfill the industrial requirement for time, accuracy and offer of models, enabling a new set of routine analysis in currently available FEAS. Presented as a plugin—noninvasive and adaptable to most popular commercial FEAS tools—the computational techniques used in CATALOG will be welcomed by the manufacturing sectors that heavily depend on detailed material simulations for design and analysis of new materials and optimization of production processes.

Mots-clés : computational multiscale material catalog,multiscale modeling of materials,plugin software libraries,high performance reduced order modeling  hprom
Projet ERC : ICORDA (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth system science
Entité participante : Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : CEA
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 342621.25 €

The Quaternary period (last 2600 thousands of years, hereafter ka) is the ideal period to evaluate our understanding of climate processes with general circulation models (GCM) used for prediction of future climate. During this period, the largest climate changes are glacial – interglacial transitions, hereafter terminations, the last termination being a classical benchmark for GCM. The rhythm of terminations changed from a world associated with a 40 ka periodicity to a world associated with a 100 ka glacial – interglacial periodicity between 1250 and 700 ka. The cause for this transition is a long debated question highlighting that the causes and mechanisms of terminations are still poorly understood. The timing and amplitudes of terminations indeed result from multiple influences of insolation forcing, ice sheet size, atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHG) concentration as well as shorter (millennial) scale climate variability. The big challenge of ICORDA consists in solving major puzzles on the mechanisms of terminations by deciphering these different influences using two key Antarctic ice core records: EPICA Dome C covering the last 800 ka and an ice core to be drilled in the coming years and covering the last 1500 ka. While ice cores provide unique continuous and high resolution climatic and GHG records, they are still too poorly dated on long timescales to address the aforementioned challenge. ICORDA aims at rethinking the way ice core chronology is built for decreasing drastically the associated uncertainties. This will be done by (1) developing a mechanistic approach for the interpretation of isotopic tracers used for ice core dating and (2) combining numerous low to mid latitude ice core tracers to provide a global picture of climate change during terminations. The strategy involves interdisciplinarity between climate, geochemistry, ecophysiology and innovative instrumental developments as well as field, laboratory experiments and modeling.

Mots-clés : glacial,interglacial transitions,ice core,isotopic geochemistry
Projet ERC : ICORDA (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth system science
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1651478.75 €

The Quaternary period (last 2600 thousands of years, hereafter ka) is the ideal period to evaluate our understanding of climate processes with general circulation models (GCM) used for prediction of future climate. During this period, the largest climate changes are glacial – interglacial transitions, hereafter terminations, the last termination being a classical benchmark for GCM. The rhythm of terminations changed from a world associated with a 40 ka periodicity to a world associated with a 100 ka glacial – interglacial periodicity between 1250 and 700 ka. The cause for this transition is a long debated question highlighting that the causes and mechanisms of terminations are still poorly understood. The timing and amplitudes of terminations indeed result from multiple influences of insolation forcing, ice sheet size, atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHG) concentration as well as shorter (millennial) scale climate variability. The big challenge of ICORDA consists in solving major puzzles on the mechanisms of terminations by deciphering these different influences using two key Antarctic ice core records: EPICA Dome C covering the last 800 ka and an ice core to be drilled in the coming years and covering the last 1500 ka. While ice cores provide unique continuous and high resolution climatic and GHG records, they are still too poorly dated on long timescales to address the aforementioned challenge. ICORDA aims at rethinking the way ice core chronology is built for decreasing drastically the associated uncertainties. This will be done by (1) developing a mechanistic approach for the interpretation of isotopic tracers used for ice core dating and (2) combining numerous low to mid latitude ice core tracers to provide a global picture of climate change during terminations. The strategy involves interdisciplinarity between climate, geochemistry, ecophysiology and innovative instrumental developments as well as field, laboratory experiments and modeling.

Mots-clés : glacial,interglacial transitions,ice core,isotopic geochemistry
Projet ERC : QaSLA (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : University of Oxford — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 68833.0 €

The Qur’an’s message to the populations of Mecca and Medina can only be fully understood in the context of its sustained and critical engagement with the Jewish and the Christian traditions. QaSLA complements and redevelops this approach from the ground up by utilizing the Qur’an across disciplines as witness to the history of Judaism and Christianity. Its innovation is twofold. The Qur’an, firstly, will become the primary literary source allowing us to sketch the religious landscape of the Arabian Peninsula, for which no comparable late antique witness exists. Secondly, the Qur’an’s testimony to the religious culture of its contemporaries will enable us to approach the development of Jewish and Christian traditions throughout Late Antiquity from a new perspective. QaSLA’s main innovation consists in turning the table on the predominant hermeneutics of Western approaches to the Qur’an, which tend to focus on the question of how the Qur’an is influenced by Judaism and Christianity. By taxonomizing the religious profiles reflected in the demonstrable interface between the Qur’an and its Jewish and Christian contemporaries, the project first reorients and then revamps this approach. QaSLA initially analyses the affinity between the Qur’an and known forms of Judaism and Christianity surrounding Arabia in order to identify which biblical, exegetical, homiletic, legal, narrative, ritual, and poetic discourses and practices circulated within the peninsula. It then employs the Qur’an as a new vantage point from which to reconsider broader late antique religious trends across the Middle East. QaSLA combines expertise across disciplines to create a novel local Arabian and an enhanced longitudinal Middle Eastern understanding of Rabbinic Jewish and Syriac, Ethiopic and Arabic Christian cultures. In a final step, the project then returns to portray the Qur’an in sharper contradistinction to more clearly defined forms of Judaism and Christianity.

Mots-clés : islam,judaism,christianity,late antiquity,religious studies,islamic studies,arabia,middle east
Projet ERC : REBOOT (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : Aarhus University — Pays : Danemark — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : AU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1494622.0 €

The REBOOT project will create a disruptive wet waste valorisation technology where valuable resources are re-used rather than disposed of while tackling two urgent environmental challenges: nutrient circularity and climate change. Wastewater treatment sludge and manure treatment technologies are currently not satisfactory and there is no solution to efficiently re-use the resources it contains: phosphorous and carbon. The aim of REBOOT is to completely recover phosphorous from wastes while generating carbon neutral transportation fuels and a carbon sink in the form of carbon materials. The project will employ a frontier technology called hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) which uses high temperature and pressure to produce a liquid product similar to petroleum termed bio-crude. This will be used for a range of innovative applications such as renewable aviation fuel, functionalized carbon materials and bio-bitumen. The possibility of complete phosphorous recovery in HTL is a completely new concept, previously thought impossible as only continuous HTL reactors can theoretically achieve this. The complex hydrothermal chemistry of salts can only be exploited on such advanced reactors that are currently beyond state-of-the-art. The specific objectives of REBOOT are: (1) mechanistic understanding of salt behaviour in multi-phase hydrothermal systems with the aim of full recovery. (2) Develop tailored strategies for in-situ jet fuel synthesis. (3) Establish microbial electrolysis cells for in-situ hydrogen production and nutrient recovery. REBOOT will be carried out on pilot continuous reactors, where the challenging physical conditions can be explored, exploited and new engineering solutions developed. If REBOOT is successful it will enable society to tackle existing waste problems while recovering nutrients and producing renewable materials, replacing fossil derived ones; representing a revolutionary solution to wet waste management in the emerging circular bio-economy.

Mots-clés : phosphorous,hydrothermal,liquefaction,sludge,manure,biofuel,jet fuel,circular economy
Projet ERC : SCOPE (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Synergy grants)
Entité participante : Eindhoven University of Technology — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TU/e
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 0.0 €

The SCOPE project will introduce a ground-breaking approach to use renewable energy in three major industrial reactions: 1) N2 fixation, 2) CH4 valorization and 3) CO2 conversion to liquid solar fuels. We will use non-thermal plasma, which has large potential to convert these small (low reactive) molecules under near ambient temperature and pressure, particularly for distributed processes based on renewable energy. The new processes have drastically lower carbon footprint (up to over 90% with respect to current ones). Furthermore, CO2 conversion is crucial for a world-based distribution of renewable energy. However, the selectivity and energy efficiency of plasma technologies for these reactions are too low, making radically new approaches necessary. The Project idea is to realize a highly innovative approach for non-thermal plasma symbiosis with catalysis. By inducing excited states in solid catalysts to work in synergy with the excited short-lived plasma species, we introduce a brand new idea for catalyst-plasma symbiosis. In addition, we introduce a fully new concept of nano-/micro-plasma array through a novel electrode design, to generate the plasma at the catalyst surface, thereby overcoming long distance transport. By embedding ferro-magnetic nano-domains in the catalyst support and inducing radiofrequency heating, we create fast temperature modulations directly at the catalyst active sites. Combining these elements, the project will overcome the actual limits and enhance the selectivity and energy efficiency to levels suitable for exploitation. This requires a synergy over different scale elements: nano at catalyst, micro at the level of modelling plasma generated species, milli at the reactor scale and mega at the plant level for sustainability-driven opportunity guidance and impact assessment by Life-Cycle-Assessment. The synergy value derives from the integration of the PI competencies over this entire dimensional-scale level.

Mots-clés : non thermal plasma,process and energy intensification,surface confined plasma,ammonia
Projet ERC : STEMS (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Systems and communication engineering
Entité participante : Sapienza University of Rome — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1513697.71 €

The STEMS project is about exploiting the new concept that has been recently introduced by the PI and his co-workers, namely the self-control of the spatial coherence of optical beams in multimode nonlinear optical fibers. This concept will enable a breakthrough technology, capable of delivering high-energy optical pulses with high-average powers and much higher beam quality from fiber lasers than what is possible today. High-power fiber lasers are largely limited by transverse mode instabilities, and the loss of spatial coherence in delivery fibers. Optical fibers provide the backbone of today’s internet communication networks, and enable compact, low cost light sources for a variety of industrial and biomedical applications. In most of these applications, single-mode fibers are used. Replacing single-mode fibers with multimode fibers leads to a dramatic growth of transmission capacity, and a substantial increase of average power and pulse energy from fiber lasers. However, because of spatial dispersion and resulting mode interference, multimode fibers suffer from an inherent randomization of the spatial transverse beam profile, leading to a loss of spatial coherence. My approach is to exploit the intensity dependent refractive index, or Kerr nonlinearity, of glass fibers to recover the spatial coherence of a multimode wave, and compensate for temporal modal dispersion. First, I propose to develop methods to control fiber nonlinearity, to compensate for temporal and spatial dispersion, thus preventing information spreading in the temporal domain, and coherence loss in the spatial domain. Second, by adding rare-earth dopants to multimode fibers, I will demonstrate self-control of modal dispersion and beam quality in active multimode fibers. Third, via the spatio-temporal control of beam propagation, I will introduce a new fast saturable absorber mechanism for the mode-locking of high-power fiber lasers, analogous to Kerr-lens mode-locking with bulk crystals.

Mots-clés : optical fibers
Projet ERC : STEMS (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Systems and communication engineering
Entité participante : University of Brescia — Pays : Italie — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 570483.11 €

The STEMS project is about exploiting the new concept that has been recently introduced by the PI and his co-workers, namely the self-control of the spatial coherence of optical beams in multimode nonlinear optical fibers. This concept will enable a breakthrough technology, capable of delivering high-energy optical pulses with high-average powers and much higher beam quality from fiber lasers than what is possible today. High-power fiber lasers are largely limited by transverse mode instabilities, and the loss of spatial coherence in delivery fibers. Optical fibers provide the backbone of today’s internet communication networks, and enable compact, low cost light sources for a variety of industrial and biomedical applications. In most of these applications, single-mode fibers are used. Replacing single-mode fibers with multimode fibers leads to a dramatic growth of transmission capacity, and a substantial increase of average power and pulse energy from fiber lasers. However, because of spatial dispersion and resulting mode interference, multimode fibers suffer from an inherent randomization of the spatial transverse beam profile, leading to a loss of spatial coherence. My approach is to exploit the intensity dependent refractive index, or Kerr nonlinearity, of glass fibers to recover the spatial coherence of a multimode wave, and compensate for temporal modal dispersion. First, I propose to develop methods to control fiber nonlinearity, to compensate for temporal and spatial dispersion, thus preventing information spreading in the temporal domain, and coherence loss in the spatial domain. Second, by adding rare-earth dopants to multimode fibers, I will demonstrate self-control of modal dispersion and beam quality in active multimode fibers. Third, via the spatio-temporal control of beam propagation, I will introduce a new fast saturable absorber mechanism for the mode-locking of high-power fiber lasers, analogous to Kerr-lens mode-locking with bulk crystals.

Mots-clés : optical fibers
Projet ERC : ThforPV (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental constituents of matter
Entité participante : Technion – Israel Institute of Technology — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1500000.0 €

The Shockley Queisser (SQ) limits the efficiency of single junction photovoltaic (PV) cells and sets the maximum efficiency for Si PV at about 30%. This is because of two constraints: i. The energy PV generates at each conversion event is set by its bandgap, irrespective of the photon’s energy. Thus, energetic photons lose most of their energy to heat. ii. PV cannot harness photons at lower energy than its bandgap. Therefore, splitting energetic photons, and fusing two photons each below the Si bandgap to generate one higher-energy photon that match the PV, push the potential efficiency above the Shockley Queisser limit. Nonlinear optics (NLO) offers efficient frequency conversion, yet it is inefficient at the intensity and the coherence level of solar and thermal radiation. Here I propose new thermodynamic concepts for frequency conversion of partially incoherent light aiming to overcome the SQ limit for single junction PVs. Specifically, I propose entropy driven up-conversion of low energy photons such as in thermal radiation to emission that matches Si PV cell. This concept is based on coupling "hot phonons" to Near-IR emitters, while the bulk remains at low temperature. As preliminary results we experimentally demonstrate entropy-driven ten-fold up-conversion of 10.6m excitation to 1m at internal efficiency of 27% and total efficiency of 10%. This is more efficient by orders of magnitude from any prior art, and opens the way for efficient up-conversion of thermal radiation. We continue by applying similar thermodynamic ideas for harvesting the otherwise lost thermalization in single junction PVs and present the concept of "optical refrigeration for ultra-efficient PV" with theoretical efficiencies as high as 69%. We support the theory by experimental validation, showing enhancement in photon energy of 107% and orders of magnitude enhancement in the number of accessible photons for high-bandgap PV. This opens the way for disruptive innovation in photovoltaics

Mots-clés : optical frequency conversion,photovoltaics,thermodynamic of radiation
Projet ERC : REALDARK (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental constituents of matter
Entité participante : University of Manchester — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999777.0 €

The Standard Model of Particle Physics (SM) describes the fundamental particles and interactions of ordinary matter. Despite the SM's success in predicting experimental results, it fails to account for the large abundance of dark matter in the Universe. Dark Matter (DM) particles could be created from collisions of SM particles, such as in the Large Hadron Collider, but storage and computing limitations mean that rare processes involving DM may be missed by current data-taking methods. In REALDARK, I will consolidate my leadership in DM searches with innovative data-taking techniques in order to solve these problem for the ATLAS experiment. The technical innovations from this proposal will be widely disseminated, paving the way to advancements for future experiments. Under my leadership, the REALDARK team will break the traditional paradigm of recording detector data and then analyzing it in separate steps, by deploying data processing in real-time so that far more collision data can be searched for rare processes. We will enable new types of datasets from the upcoming LHC data-taking period and search them for new phenomena, motivated by theories of weakly interacting massive DM particle candidates and by "dark" sectors inaccessible to ordinary particles. The proposed searches will yield either a discovery of dark matter candidates, to be studied in connection with astrophysical observations, or world-leading constraints on the particle nature of dark matter, focusing theoretical efforts and search targets for future experiments.

Mots-clés : atlas,trigger,dark matter,data analysis