Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : SOS (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1830070.0 €

The ergodic theory of smooth dynamical systems enjoying some form of hyperbolicity has undergone important progress since the beginning of the twenty first century, in part due to the development of a new technical tool: anisotropic Banach or Hilbert spaces, on which transfer operators have good spectral properties. Very recently, such tools have yielded exponential mixing for dispersing (Sinai) billiard flows (i.e. the 2D periodic Lorentz gas), which are the archetypal smooth systems with singularities. We will study other challenging natural systems, mostly with singularities, by using functional analytical tools, in particular transfer operators acting on anisotropic spaces (including the new "ultimate'" space introduced recently, which combines desirable features of several existing spaces), and revisiting the Milnor-Thurston kneading theory to obtain nuclear decompositions in low regularity. Goals of the project include: -Thermodynamic formalism for the Sinai billiard maps and flows (2D periodic Lorentz gas), in particular existence and statistical properties of the measure of maximal entropy. -Intrinsic resonances of Sinai billiard maps and flows (2D periodic Lorentz gas) via the dynamical zeta function. -Fine statistical properties of (infinite measure) semi-dispersing billiards with non compact cusps. -Growth of dynamical determinants and zeta functions of differentiable (non analytic) geodesic flows, with applications to the global Gutzwiller formula. -Fractional response and fractional susceptibility function for transversal families of smooth nonuniformly hyperbolic maps (including the logistic family).

Mots-clés : ergodic theory,correlation functions,zeta functions,linear response,billiards,nonuniformly hyperbolic systems,transfer operators
Projet ERC : MOOiRE (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : Université Catholique de Louvain — Pays : Belgique — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UCL
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1997541.0 €

The ever-increasing demand for improved electrochemical energy storage technologies has fostered intense, worldwide and interdisciplinary research over the past decade. The field of positive electrode materials remains largely dominated by transition metal compounds in which only the redox of metal cations contributes to the energy storage. The development of new materials and technologies, wherein both anions and cations display reversible, multi-electron redox, is bound to strongly impact this field. MOOiRÉ will challenge this goal through innovative approaches on Metal Organic Compounds and Frameworks (MOC/Fs) with mix-in many-electron reversible redox of both, transition metal cations and organic ligand anions. Building on our preliminary results MOOiRÉ will adopt an integrated approach. We will combine performance oriented MOC/F molecular design supported by in-operando analytical inspection tools with novel electrode engineering approaches to overcome the limitations and enable efficient electrochemical charge storage. Through this highly interdisciplinary research, MOOiRÉ intends to advance the science and technology of mix-in redox MOC/Fs for next generation batteries, supercapacitors and their hybrids. MOOiRÉ will also be a major systematic study of the fundamentals of MOC/F-based energy storage systems in view of a practical implementation. The overall impact will extend beyond the energy science community: the developed knowledge, tools and procedures will influence research and development related to porous composite materials, sorption, ion exchange and electrocatalysis. In the context of energy storage, this will be a disruptive development, enabling the use of MOC/Fs electrodes, with superior levels of performance as compared to current technology, at affordable costs and based on novel protocols.

Mots-clés : electrochemical energy processes engineering,metal organic framework,energy materials and system engineering,batteries,supercapacitors,hybrid systems
Projet ERC : INVESTIGERFE (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing
Entité participante : Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Inserm
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499235.0 €

The existence of an “erythron-related regulator” that intensifies iron absorption and its release from stores to meet the requirements for red blood cells synthesis was proposed in the 1950s. Delineating this mechanism is of high biomedical importance as the pathway could be targeted to develop novel treatments for iron-restricted anemias that are very frequent but for which current therapies are ineffective (e.g. infections, inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, or chronic kidney disease) and for iron-loading anemias (e.g. thalassemias). We have recently identified the hormone erythroferrone (ERFE) and showed that it could be the long-sought erythroid regulator of iron homeostasis. ERFE suppresses the synthesis of the iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin to facilitate the recovery from anemia but leads to secondary iron overload in β-thalassemia. The potential of ERFE in the treatment of iron disorders is tremendous but understanding its mechanism of action is a prerequisite to envision ERFE-based therapies. The identification of ERFE has opened new research areas and our project will be organized around four axes. 1) Develop an assay to measure ERFE levels in human pathologies. Its contribution is not known and needs to be confirmed. 2) Identify the receptor for ERFE, the signaling pathways triggered by ERFE, and molecules with agonist/antagonist effects, a prerequisite in the development of new therapies. 3) Search for potential other erythroid regulators. We will take advantage of the Erfe-/- mice to determine whether hepcidin could be suppressed by an ERFE-independent mechanism. 4) Study the potential of ERFE manipulation in therapy in the mouse. We will first establish a proof of principle in a mouse model of anemia (B. abortus). The benefits of ERFE antagonization will be addressed in thalassemic mice. We will also examine the role of ERFE in murine models of chronic anemia: chronic kidney disease, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis and infections.

Mots-clés : iron,anemia,erythropoiesis
Projet ERC : IberLAND (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : Max Planck Society — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : MPG
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 222849.24 €

The experience of empire decisively shaped the institution of private property in land. From a global perspective, however, the history of this institution is far from straightforward. While European scholarship places the advent of individual property rights in the late 18th century, scholarship on Asia, Africa, and the Americas often attributes the onset of the paradigm of private property to the arrival of Europeans in the 16th century. This discrepancy of almost 300 years is difficult to reconcile. If Europeans had not yet experienced it themselves, how could they introduce the paradigm of proprietary rights across the world during the process of colonization? IberLAND revisits these incongruent historiographical narratives by studying the development of land tenure regimes in the African, American, Asian, and European territories of the Portuguese and Spanish empires. IberLAND takes a unique approach to the study of land tenure by departing from traditional approaches that assume that Europeans ‘invented’ ideas of private property and then ‘transplanted’ them to their overseas possessions. By contrast, IberLAND aims to construct a non-Eurocentric history of the development of land tenure from a global perspective. The research approach cuts across traditional research frontiers not only by integrating diverse regional historiographies but also by combining European and colonial (legal) history. The project will focus on six case studies and build on extensive research in local archives. The research will be strongly interdisciplinary and will gain insights from global, legal, and ethno-history in dialogue with legal theory, postcolonial studies, and decolonial perspectives. By providing a decentered history of land tenure, IberLAND should influence research in the fields of law, anthropology, and history, and provide a global perspective of law for an interconnected world in which conflicts about land use and extractivism are becoming increasingly important.

Mots-clés : land,empire,legal history,colonization
Projet ERC : MOUSSE (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer science and informatics
Entité participante : Sapienza University of Rome — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1497250.0 €

The exponential growth of the Web is resulting in vast amounts of online content. However, the information expressed therein is not at easy reach: what we typically browse is only an infinitesimal part of the Web. And even if we had time to read all the Web we could not understand it, as most of it is written in languages we do not speak. Computers, instead, have the power to process the entire Web. But, in order to ”read” it, that is perform machine reading, they still have to face the hard problem of Natural Language Understanding, i.e., automatically making sense of human language. To tackle this long-lasting challenge in Natural Language Processing (NLP), the task of semantic parsing has recently gained popularity. This aims at creating structured representations of meaning for an input text. However, current semantic parsers require supervision, binding them to the language of interest and hindering their extension to multiple languages. Here we propose a research program to investigate radically new directions for enabling multilingual semantic parsing, without the heavy requirement of annotating training data for each new language. The key intuitions of our proposal are treating multilinguality as a resource rather than an obstacle and embracing the knowledge-based paradigm which allows supervision in the machine learning sense to be replaced with efficacious use of lexical knowledge resources. In stage 1 of the project we will acquire a huge network of language-independent, structured semantic representations of sentences. In stage 2, we will leverage this resource to develop innovative algorithms that perform semantic parsing in any language. These two stages are mutually beneficial, progressively enriching less-resourced languages and contributing towards leveling the playing field for all languages. Enabling Natural Language Understanding across languages should have an impact on NLP and other areas of AI, plus a societal impact on language learners.

Mots-clés : semantic parsing  multilinguality
Projet ERC : CIMNAS (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Physical and analytical chemical sciences
Entité participante : École nationale supérieure de chimie de Paris — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : ENS Chimie de Paris
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 95000.01 €

The failure of metallic materials caused by corrosion strongly impacts our society with cost, safety, health and performance issues. The mechanisms of corrosion propagation are fairly well understood, and various means of mitigation are known even if research is still necessary to improve this knowledge or to develop corrosion protection for the application of new materials. The vision of CIMNAS is that a major breakthrough for corrosion protection lies in a deep understanding and control of the initiation stage triggering corrosion. Corrosion initiation takes place at the atomic/molecular scale or at a scale of a few nanometres (the nanoscale) on metal and alloy surfaces, metallic, oxidised or coated, and interacting with the corroding environment. The mission of CIMNAS is to challenge the difficulty of understanding corrosion initiation at the nanometric/atomic scale on such complex interfaces, ultimately aiming at designing more robust metallic surfaces via the understanding of corrosion mechanisms. The project is constructed on new ideas to achieve three knowledge breakthroughs, each answering a key question for the understanding of corrosion initiation on metal and alloy surfaces. It is envisioned that the model approach used and the achieved breakthroughs will open up a new horizon for research on corrosion initiation mechanisms at the nanoscale, and new opportunities for a knowledge-based design of novel corrosion protection technologies. Technologies presently at low TRL (Technology Readiness Level) will benefit from these breakthroughs. Resources will include a team of highly experienced and recognised researchers headed by the PI, a unique apparatus recently installed at the PI’s lab, integrating surface spectroscopy, microscopy, and electrochemistry for in situ measurements in a closed system, novel experimental approaches, and a strong complementarity of experiments and modelling.
Projet ERC : RAGT (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer science and informatics
Entité participante : Tel Aviv University — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TAU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1717875.0 €

The field of Algorithmic Game Theory (AGT) has come of age. It has a rich theory, motivated by real-world scenarios, and has found increasingly widespread applications in electronic markets and online auctions. However, the state of the art of the AGT theory still lags far behind full applicability in many Internet applications, largely due to excessive model simplification, unsuitable analysis methods, and disregard of crucial real-world considerations. As increasingly more social and commerce applications move to the Internet, {\bf the robustness of AGT theory becomes a crucial issue}. The additional research needed to render AGT theory more suitable for the realm of practice in a more substantial way is far from negligible. However, the potential uses of this fundamental area are so significant that research in this direction is imperative. We foresee that the approaches pursued in this proposed research will play a central role in reaching this highly momentous goal. To achieve this goal of advancing AGT theory, we will identify problematic assumptions and analysis methods employed in the traditional AGT paradigm, propose novel approaches for making these assumptions as flexible and nuanced as possible, and develop new analysis and design techniques to address more realistic scenarios. The proposed project will open up new horizons in the field of AGT, and will broaden its theoretical scope and real-world validity. More than a decade ago, Papadimitriou wrote: "A fascinating fusion of ideas from both fields --- game theory and algorithms --- came into being and was used productively in the effort to illuminate the mysteries of the Internet. It has come to be called algorithmic game theory." My vision is that an impressive and cogent fusion of ideas will emerge from this project, that will come to be called "robust algorithmic game theory" (RAGT).

Mots-clés : algorithmic game theory,algorithmic mechanism design,auction theory,market equilibrium,pricing schemes
Projet ERC : MoQuOS (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Condensed matter physics
Entité participante : Karlsruhe Institute of Technology — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : KIT
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2335416.25 €

The field of quantum materials has developed into an active playground for testing novel ideas and protocols for future devices governed by the principles of quantum mechanics. Quantum technologies might result in revolutionary improvements in terms of capacity, sensitivity, and speed, and will be the decisive factor for success in many industries and markets (http://qurope.eu/manifesto). Molecular magnets, realized by tailored molecules hosting magnetic ions, offer the possibility to obtain a few-spin object, necessary in order to perform basic quantum operations. The first molecular devices have enabled the read-out and manipulation of the spin states. Single-shot read-out times of one second have been achieved for a nuclear spin, which is, however, too slow for applications. Here, we will remove this bottleneck by developing reliable, fast, and scalable optical methods for the read-out of both electron and nuclear spin states allowing us to perform basic quantum-information processing protocols. The scientific approach is to use high-quality quantum emitters (NV-centers in diamond, ligand quantum emitters, 2D materials, or other optically active ions) to optically read-out efficiently the spin states of the magnetic molecules. Special care will be taken to minimize back action from the read-out emitter on the spin system and thereby preserving the quantum states. Various optical techniques (surface enhanced fluorescence, surface enhanced Raman scattering, and optical fiber scanning cavities) will be used to enhance the light-matter interaction to obtain a reliable and fast optical read-out. Due to of the possibilities of scanning the probing laser and using different fluorescence energies, the optical read-out is scalable to larger systems and 2D networks of molecules. The project deals with the fundamental science of optical manipulation and characterization of molecular qubits and will advance the field of quantum optics and quantum electronics of single-spin systems.

Mots-clés : single molecule magnets,molecular magnets,nanomagnetometry,quantum computation,quantum register,molecular spintronics,carbon nanotubes,quantum emitter,fluorescence,single shot read out,raman
Projet ERC : THIRST (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : TU Wien — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TUW
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1746837.5 €

The field of tissue engineering (TE) pursues a noble goal, driven by the urgent need for tissue and organ repair. It is represented by a fairly large and extremely interdisciplinary scientific community. However, so far TE was not able to deliver to the expectations, with only a few examples of successful clinical translation mostly restricted to a particular disease or tissue type. Despite the fact that all major fundamental bottlenecks of conventional TE strategies have long been identified, a universal solution does not seem to be in sight. In this project I propose to launch a radically new approach, a third strategy in tissue engineering (THIRST), which holds the potential to produce a desperately needed technological breakthrough. THIRST relies on a tissue self-assembly from multicellular spheroids encaged within robust 3D printed microscaffolds. THIRST is enabled by a number of cutting-edge methods, some of which became relevant in the context of TE only recently. In combination, these methods offer a variety of new technological possibilities for the area of TE. The objectives of this project are focussed on establishing the means for automated large-scale production of tissue modules, protocols for microscaffold biofunctionalisation, and demonstrating THIRST potential with highly relevant clinical examples - cartilage, representing avascular tissue, and vascularized bone tissue. A distinct feature of THIRST is its universal applicability, meaning that such a tool-box can be further expanded to encompass other types of tissues without substantial adjustments to the basic tissue assembly procedure. The latter is particularly inspiring, taking into account the considerable regulatory hurdles associated with the development of new TE therapies. Due to its unconventional nature, realization of THIRST relies on overcoming several considerable technological challenges addressed by this project.

Mots-clés : biomedical engineering,tissue engineering,biomaterial engineering,laser based,microfabrication,additive manufacturing technologies
Projet ERC : THIRST (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : Ludwig Boltzmann Gesellschaft — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : LBG
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 253125.0 €

The field of tissue engineering (TE) pursues a noble goal, driven by the urgent need for tissue and organ repair. It is represented by a fairly large and extremely interdisciplinary scientific community. However, so far TE was not able to deliver to the expectations, with only a few examples of successful clinical translation mostly restricted to a particular disease or tissue type. Despite the fact that all major fundamental bottlenecks of conventional TE strategies have long been identified, a universal solution does not seem to be in sight. In this project I propose to launch a radically new approach, a third strategy in tissue engineering (THIRST), which holds the potential to produce a desperately needed technological breakthrough. THIRST relies on a tissue self-assembly from multicellular spheroids encaged within robust 3D printed microscaffolds. THIRST is enabled by a number of cutting-edge methods, some of which became relevant in the context of TE only recently. In combination, these methods offer a variety of new technological possibilities for the area of TE. The objectives of this project are focussed on establishing the means for automated large-scale production of tissue modules, protocols for microscaffold biofunctionalisation, and demonstrating THIRST potential with highly relevant clinical examples - cartilage, representing avascular tissue, and vascularized bone tissue. A distinct feature of THIRST is its universal applicability, meaning that such a tool-box can be further expanded to encompass other types of tissues without substantial adjustments to the basic tissue assembly procedure. The latter is particularly inspiring, taking into account the considerable regulatory hurdles associated with the development of new TE therapies. Due to its unconventional nature, realization of THIRST relies on overcoming several considerable technological challenges addressed by this project.

Mots-clés : biomedical engineering,tissue engineering,biomaterial engineering,laser based,microfabrication,additive manufacturing technologies