Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : Rewind-MF (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing
Entité participante : University Hospital Aachen — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UKA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999313.0 €

Fibrosis is estimated to be involved in 45% of global mortality, and currently no specific therapies for fibrosis in most organs exist. One central and controversially discussed question in the field of organ fibrosis is: “is fibrosis truly reversible”? In Rewind-MF, I will address this biologically and clinically highly relevant question in a prime example: bone marrow fibrosis in a chronic blood cancer called Primary Myelofibrosis (PMF). In PMF, hematopoietic stem cells become mutated and activate fibrosis-driving cells. Fibrosis reversal in PMF is possible through allogeneic stem cell transplant (ASCT). However, the majority of patients are not eligible for this high-risk procedure. Alternative fibrosis-reversing strategies are not available, leaving this patient group without any treatment option.  My specific aims in Rewind-MF are: (1) to gain spatio-temporal insights into fibrosis reversal and mutant clone elimination mechanisms to predict, which patients will benefit from ASCT, and to identify therapeutic targets; (2) to understand how blood cancer is maintained in the bone marrow and later the spleen stroma in order to find new ways to reverse fibrosis, and eradicate the cancer cells, and (3) to validate fibrosis reversal mechanisms and translate them into clinically relevant therapeutic strategies. What makes Rewind-MF unique is the holistic “bench-to-bedside” approach starting from a stem cell biological hypothesis [tested by innovative murine models and (stem) cell approaches], advanced by a broad interdisciplinary expertise with novel single cell, spatial genomic and computational technologies, to dissect mechanisms of fibrosis reversal and develop therapeutic approaches which go beyond pure target identification. The integration of all these technologies in clinically relevant specimens with follow-up data and large independent validation cohorts will truly revolutionize the prognostication and (personalized) treatment of patients with MF.

Mots-clés : chronic blood cancer myeloproliferative neoplasms fibrosis stem cell transplantation multiomics
Projet ERC : TRANSCEND (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and R egeneration
Entité participante : Université Johann Wolfgang Goethe de Francfort-sur-le-Main — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1801739.92 €

A central question in developmental biology is how the genetic information is differentially interpreted to program cell-fate decisions essential for embryogenesis. The success of developmental cell-fate decisions relies on the accurate rewiring of the proteome to support rapid cellular identity changes. Here, we will address the fundamental question: How is the developmental transcriptome differentially translated in time and space to program cell-fate decisions? I hypothesize that the developmental competence for cell-fate decisions is controlled by fate-specific translational specialization factors (TSFs). TSFs program the selective and privileged translation of developmental genes in defined time windows to enable the acquisition of cell fate and maintenance of cellular identity. Notably, in a proof-of-principle study, we discovered that translational specialization in pluripotency poises future lineage choices in humans. The research program TRANSCEND has four work packages: (1) identifying candidate TSFs engineering cardiac fate at critical cell-fate transitions by cell-fate specific, systematic cataloging TSFs on ribosomal complexes; (2) dissecting the molecular and functional role of TSFs in cardiac cell-fate specification by combining targeted CRISPR screens and tethered functional approaches; (3) decoding the mechanisms, modalities, and design principles by which TSFs program cardiac identity by using a holistic approach, including loss-of-function studies in cardiac 2D, organoid, and mouse models along with systems-wide methods such as eCLIP-seq and TCP-seq; and (4) engineering translation specialization modules to ameliorate pathological cardiac hypertrophy using patient-derived in vitro and murine in vivo models. Ultimately, the proposed research program TRANSCEND aims at transforming our current understanding of translational control over cell-fate decisions and opening up innovative avenues for controlled therapeutic restoration of cardiac function.

Mots-clés : cell fate specification,regulation of translation,rna binding protein,cardiac development,gene regulation,cardiac hypertrophy,cell fate decisions,regulation of cellular identity
Projet ERC : fromMicroGtoY (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : Université Pompeu Fabra — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UPF
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1464062.0 €

Depending on the country and year, governments spend between 10% and 20% of GDP on public procurement.  I collect data on millions of public procurement contracts awarded in many countries. I have detailed information about the contracts (value, awarding institution, etc.), and merge this information with firm-level balance sheet and firm-to-firm transaction data. This allows me to study the transmission mechanisms from government procurement to the aggregate economy. The aim is to investigate the particular economic channels through which outcomes in public procurement permeate to the rest of the economy, and to identify the sources of inefficiencies in the process.  My proposal is divided into three blocks that aim to answer crucial questions about the role that public procurement plays in determining macroeconomic outcomes.  1. How costly is governments’ home-bias (i.e., governments buy disproportionally and unpredictably more from local firms) for aggregate productivity and welfare in Europe?  2. What are the effects of corruption in procurement on firms’ dynamics?  3. What are the factors determining the aggregate price at which governments buy goods and services? What are the implications for consumers’ welfare?  The novelty of the data and the complex interactions between public procurement outcomes, economic distortions and firms’ decisions make this research proposal ambitious and place it at the research frontier.

Mots-clés : government procurement,home bias,misallocation,total factor productivity
Projet ERC : ROOTS (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : Université Pompeu Fabra — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UPF
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 231204.0 €

The aim of this project is to understand the historical roots of global inequality. Specifically, it will address two questions: Why did some regions experience an early start in the development of complex hierarchies? How relevant is such an early transition in explaining current comparative economic development. A series of theories, going back to the origins of the social sciences, emphasize the role of some crucial environmental factors, in explaining the rise of the very first complex hierarchies. Unfortunately, however, the scarcity of global datasets on natural environment and hierarchy, going back to the first human societies, has made it difficult to test these theories. Partial empirical validation has come almost exclusively from either cross-sectional empirical studies, using data on the current environment to proxy for past conditions, or case studies focusing on a limited numbers of well-studied areas. This project aims at filling this gap by combining new global panel data on ancient climate (a result of recent advances in paleoclimatology), ancient migrations (reconstructed through archaeogenetics) and ancient societies (constructed from aggregating archaeological reports) with advanced econometric techniques. The project comprises three lines of research. The first line will test a prominent theory that relates a series of changes in the natural environment with the emergence of intensive food storage and the subsequent rise of the first relevant socio-economic inequalities among hunter-gatherers. The second line will focus on farming societies and investigate the role of long-distance trade, spurred by the invention of bronze, on the rise of the first urban civilizations and new unprecedented economic inequalities among farmers. The third line will document the long shadow that ancient hierarchies (either among hunter-gatherers or farmers) have produced on current comparative economic development.

Mots-clés : long term persistency,comparative development
Projet ERC : EduGRE (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Texts and Concepts
Entité participante : Université d'Exeter — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999484.0 €

EduGRE proposes a radically novel approach to ancient education. Tackling the urgent need to investigate diversity in knowledge transmission in the ancient Mediterranean, the project will comprehensively collate and analyse all school artefacts from Graeco-Roman Egypt, including Egyptian, Greek and Latin material, to set Graeco-Roman education in its specific Egyptian context and explore intercultural osmosis. Challenging the traditional view of Greek education as a tool for perpetuating and disseminating a pure and monolithic form of Greek culture within multicultural communities, this project explores the complex interplay of identities and cultural traditions in educational practices. Through a bottom-up approach that prioritises the concrete experience of individuals who were far removed from the main centres of power and literary production, and who rarely feature in ancient and modern historiographical narratives, EduGRE detects interactions between different languages and cultures, elucidates the role of local agency, and identifies variations in education over time in relation to religious and societal change. EduGRE also introduces a new methodology in editing written artefacts. Its dedicated digital platform will house innovative critical editions combining methodologies of papyrology and New Philology to capture the unique textual iterations encoded in school artefacts. The platform’s uniform editorial methods and tagging system will allow for comprehensive analysis and comparison of educational practices, transcending traditional disciplinary boundaries. The inclusion of images and 3D reconstructions will facilitate analysis of material features. EduGRE will redefine perceptions of ancient education by uncovering cultural diversity and dialogue in its practices. The project’s innovative approach, comprehensive methodology and commitment to inclusivity ensure it will have a lasting impact on cultural studies, both within and beyond antiquity.

Mots-clés : papyrology,egyptology,ancient education
Projet ERC : ACT (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Soci al World and Its Interactions
Entité participante : Université d'Exeter — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 272227.5 €

The Big Two of agency (influence, resourcefulness, authority) and communion (benevolence, prosociality, honesty) are fundamental to human social cognition, the self-concept, and personality. The Big Two must have a tremendously important function for humans, otherwise they were not that fundamental to human psychology. Yet, what is this function? State-of-the-art answers explain the function of the Big Two either in social cognition or in the self-concept or in personality and those answers contradict each other in critical ways. Here, I propose the first all-encompassing answer to the functional question of the Big Two in social cognition and the self-concept and personality. My answer comes in the form of a novel theory: Agency-Communion Theory (ACT) of Social Learning and Cultural Activity. According to ACT, the Big Two are the chief enablers of high-fidelity social learning. Never before have the Big Two been considered relevant for high-fidelity social learning, but the latter is widely seen as the reason for humans’ capacity to build culture and thrive by cultural activity—humans’ most powerful evolutionary strategy. Thus, ACT considers the Big Two the essential building blocks of human cultural activity and, ultimately, of humans’ extraordinary evolutionary success. ACT’s novel portrayal of the Big Two entails a wide variety of previously unforeseen behavioural consequences, including a novel account of social influence. The state-of-the-art account presupposes the existence of an innate tendency to conform to majority norms. ACT questions the existence of such an innate tendency and offers an alternative with far-reaching implications for many theories across social sciences and urgent societal challenges in the sphere of social influence. My interdisciplinary team will empirically test ACT and its novel account of social influence. We will use new, tailor-made methodology in laboratory experiments, formal evolutionary models, Big Data, and panel studies.

Mots-clés : big two of agency and communion,fundamental content dimensions in psychology,evolutionary personality psychology,social learning strategies
Projet ERC : UnifySky (Horizon Europe, appel 2025, Consolidator grants)
Entité participante : Université de Manchester — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2250330.0 €

My proposal is to build an unprecedentedly accurate and complete model of the radio sky, and then use it to solve several important problems in astrophysics and cosmology. The model will incorporate improved analyses of existing data, plus new, precisely-calibrated observations from a novel horn antenna telescope that I will build. Using advanced statistical techniques capable of handling millions of parameters – implemented in my world-leading Hydra code – I will disentangle the many physical components of the sky, along with troublesome instrumental effects that have clouded our view until now. This will transform radio cosmology by removing some of the most important limitations of experiments like the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) and Square Kilometre Array (SKAO), which seek to observe signals from neutral hydrogen (the 21cm line) around the first stars and galaxies. It will also directly address two major observational anomalies – the ARCADE-2 excess and EDGES absorption feature – that may be the first signs of new physics. The result will be a unique “concordance” model of the radio sky that connects our understanding of radio emission all the way from the early Universe to the present day.  This groundbreaking model will include new data from HERA and the MeerKAT Large Area Synoptic Survey, which are the most sensitive surveys of their kind. It will also include detailed corrective modelling of instrumental effects in widely-used datasets such as the Haslam 408 MHz map. My novel horn antenna will provide a new and much-needed “absolute” calibration reference, as well as directly observing the sky-averaged 21cm signal, a crucial ingredient in understanding early galaxy formation. The major outcomes will be best-ever measurements of Galactic synchrotron physics, the cosmic radio background, and the sky-averaged 21cm line, plus vital new constraints on Cosmic Dawn and dark energy from 21cm fluctuations at high and low redshift respectively.

Mots-clés : cosmic dawn,radio background,21cm global signal,diffuse radio emission
Projet ERC : ChrIs-cross (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Study of the Human Past
Entité participante : Institut français d'archéologie orientale du Caire — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : IFAO
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1189167.5 €

ChrIs-cross will produce the first comprehensive study of Christianities in Jerusalem and the Middle East from the 12th to the 16th c., in the face of shifting rulership structures, first Frankish, then Islamic, and religious affiliations. It will envisage them from a bottom-up, practice oriented and connected perspective, on the assumption that inter-Christian and Christian-Muslim relations were more conductive to fluidity than to boundary-setting. A multidisciplinary and multilingual team will study a forgotten and so far, inaccessible archive—the archives of the Christian Patriarchates in Jerusalem—and develop an overarching database including interactive maps and editing texts. Open-access metadata will be in English and Arabic. In so doing, it will resituate the history of Christianities within the Islamicate world by reassessing the concept of “minority”, historicise communities’ construction by comparing conquest-induced reconfigurations, with and without a change in religious dominance, and spatialise these processes by examining their interplay, with Jerusalem as a specific urban space in tension with the wider regional area. The project has three main objectives: it aims to address the currently compartmentalised academic study of the diverse Frankish- and Islamic-ruled societies, by shifting the focus of inquiry from the internal history of separate groups to their areas of contact; to empower local Christian communities by documenting their deep-rootedness in these complex societies, and to contribute new knowledge of the diversity of the Islamic-ruled world as a historical reality by expanding digital inclusiveness. By achieving its various objectives, ChrIs-cross will realize what arguably is an unprecedented exploration. It will thus have a major scholarly and social impact, both for the many Christian communities now facing extinction, and for people in the so-called West, which faces an inflation in essentialist discourses on religion.

Mots-clés : eastern christianity christian muslim relations islamicate world middle east jerusalem cross cultural studies social and urban history archival survey
Projet ERC : SuperQLev (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental Constituents of Matter
Entité participante : École polytechnique Chalmers — Pays : Suède — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2000000.0 €

Quantum states of massive objects have fascinated us since the inception of quantum mechanics. Nowadays molecules of thousands of atoms and nanomechanical resonators weighing picogram can be brought into quantum states. This capability enables tests of the validity of quantum mechanics and provides new avenues for quantum technologies. Entangled states are particularly relevant in this context as they unlock multipartite quantum correlations that, amongst others, enable precise measurements beyond the standard quantum limit and novel tests for the interplay between quantum mechanics and gravity. However, no experiment to date demonstrated entanglement between a scalable number of massive particles, which would access a novel parameter regime in terms of mass, quantum correlation, and particle number. SuperQLev will fill this gap and demonstrate entanglement of the center-of-mass motion of an array of magnetically levitated superconducting microparticles on chip. This achievement will break new ground by exploring multipartite quantum states of massive objects ranging over six orders of magnitude in mass, from pico- to microgram. SuperQLev will make this possible by merging two technologies into a unique experimental platform. The first technology is magnetic levitation of superconducting microparticles, which offers the capability of levitating massive particles at ultralow mechanical dissipation. My group has made pioneering contributions by realizing chip-based magnetic levitation of superconducting microparticles. The second technology is superconducting quantum circuits that offer a versatile toolbox for quantum control. SuperQLev will merge these two platforms to reach quantum control over the motion of levitated superconducting particles via inductive coupling to superconducting circuits. This hitherto unexplored hybrid quantum platform allows SuperQLev to conduct ground-breaking proof-of-principle experiments in quantum sensing and fundamental physics.

Mots-clés : superconducting levitation,magnetomechanics,superconducting quantum circuits,macroscopic quantum physics,quantum sensing
Projet ERC : NanoRecycle (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Condensed Matter Physics
Entité participante : École polytechnique Chalmers — Pays : Suède — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1998784.0 €

Quantum and nanoscale technologies promise to revolutionise computing, sensing, information and communication applications. However, they are missing a dedicated effort towards energy sustainability exploiting their characteristic properties. The theoretical project NanoRecycle addresses this important outstanding problem, by developing schemes for on-chip recovery of waste that typical device operations leave behind: in classical devices, this waste is often dissipated heat, but waste in nanoscale and quantum devices has characteristic nonthermal, fluctuating, and quantum properties. The scope of NanoRecycle is to develop processes converting this waste to electrical power or other resources that are useful for further on-chip tasks. The analysis will be based on sufficiently generic setups to capture the characteristic waste properties, that are at the same time typical elements of current quantum and nanotechnologies and are concretely connected to feasible, state-of-the-art experiments. This involves multi-terminal electronic conductors, but also hybrid devices coupling to microwave resonators. To guide the design, analysis, and optimisation of on-chip waste-recovery, my team and I will first capture and quantify the characteristic properties of the various types of waste and then put in place comprehensive performance quantifiers for the efficiency of dedicated conversion processes. An important performance goal of such a conversion in small-scale devices, which we will also account for in our performance analysis, is the output power precision (namely the suppression of power fluctuations), crucial for further on-chip use. While the power obtained from this waste recovery is expected to be small, its potential for contributing to energy-sustainable processes lies in the availability on-chip for further use, thereby circumventing high-loss attenuation procedures, which occur when bringing large classical fields down to the chip.

Mots-clés : energy harvesting in quantum and nanoscale systems,heat and charge fluctuations,quantum thermodynamics for nanoelectronic devices,nonequilibrium quantum transport,heat management in emerging technologies