Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : DyMETEr (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental Constituents of Matter
Entité participante : Université d'Innsbruck — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1365466.0 €

DyMETEr aims at creating novel quantum platforms of enhanced capability by using ultracold Erbium and Dysprosium atoms as building-block to unprecedentedly access many-body phases of dipolar mixtures, dipolar-gas microscopy, and multi-valence-electron Rydberg quantum simulators. By pushing the limits of interaction control using tailored optical potentials and Rydberg excitations, as well as state read-out through the application of quantum-gas-microscopy techniques, we will harness the multi-valance-electron nature of magnetic lanthanides to deepen our understanding of unconventional phases and phenomena of quantum matter -- in particular, those arising from the combined effects of short- and long-range interactions.  The main project objectives are: •The bulk phases of matter in dipolar quantum mixtures: Accessing the unexplored miscibility-immiscibility phase diagram of dipolar quantum mixtures in the droplet and supersolid regime. •Microscopy and lattice physics with quantum dipoles: Developing quantum-gas microscopy for magnetic atoms to access quantum simulation with long-range-interacting atomic systems. •Tweezer arrays with multi-valence-electron Rydberg atoms: Realizing novel Rydberg quantum simulators exploiting the multi-electron nature of magnetic lanthanide atoms.  Our project is very ambitious, but, if successful, has clearly the potential to break new ground in dipolar quantum physics with ultracold atoms.
Projet ERC : SOUNDSPACE (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Texts and Concepts
Entité participante : Instituto complutense de ciencias musicales — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : ICCMU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 398750.0 €

Processions were quintessentially performative acts that infused a sense of identity among the urban community by linking the emblematic topography of the city and creating performative spaces of enhanced ritual activity and distinctive auditory landscapes. The premise of Soundspace is that hermeneutic study of the procession as performance affords insight into the dynamic workings of society and the experience of urban life. It aims to go beyond this to assess the impact of urban ritual on participants and ear-witnesses through analysis of the social and cultural processes that lay behind that experience, and of the perceptual discourses that gave it meaning and significance for all those present. The procession formed a moving intersensory experience that also mobilised the emotions of the urban community: but how did this work in practice in the historical past? How can the historian enter into the performative moment to understand the emotional impact of sound in acoustic space? The project aims to interrogate the multi-faceted relationship between sound, space and society by scrutinising the interstices between collective experience, social expectations and memory through the prism of historical sound studies, an umbrella term here used to combine a cross-disciplinary approach—urban studies, sensory history and history of the emotions—and DH tools: Virtual Reality, digital cartography and semantic discourse analysis. It will forge a new theoretical framework by combining concepts of acoustic and emotional communities to analyse the social and cultural processes involved in the preparation, performance, reception and impact of the procession and the prevailing discourses that forged the significance of processional expression for the urban community. The main objective is to open up new ways to explore the impact of intangible but key features of processions such as acoustic space, soundscape competence, density of sensory experience and emotional response.

Mots-clés : urban ritual procession acoustic space urban soundscape soundscape competence historical sound studies early music listening to the past sensory history history of the emotions emotional discourses material culture shared knowledge virtual reality digital cartography semantic analysis
Projet ERC : POLOCALC (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Universe Sciences
Entité participante : Université de Milan-Bicocca — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UniMiB
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2418281.0 €

I will enable groundbreaking results for cosmology and fundamental physics, thanks to a novel method for measuring the angle of the polarization plane of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) photons with unprecedented accuracy. Existing and planned CMB polarimeters looking for primordial B-mode signals need an independent, experimental method for systematics control on the absolute polarization orientation. The lack of such a method limits the accuracy of the detection of inflationary gravitational waves, the efficiency in removing polarized foregrounds, the constraining power on the neutrino sector through measurements of gravitational lensing of the CMB, the possibility of detecting Cosmic Birefringence, and the ability to measure primordial magnetic fields. My 5-year project will dramatically improve instrumental accuracy by means of artificial calibration sources flying on aerial drones and tethered balloons, within sight of the most advanced ground CMB telescopes, operating at high-elevation angles and far-field distances. The calibrators will make use of linearly-polarized microwave emitters optimally coupled to the Simons Observatory (SO) polarization-sensitive detectors, the world-leading CMB project for the next decade. The orientation of the source polarization plane will be registered to absolute celestial coordinates by star cameras and ground photogrammetry with arcminute accuracy. POLOCALC will take advantage of my leading role in SO, and will operate from its site in the Atacama Desert in Chile. This project will become a pivot for the field: any existing or future instrument in Atacama will be able to observe my novel polarization calibrator, and future projects will intercalibrate their detectors with the resulting calibrated observations of sky sources. POLOCALC will produce the first experimentally-calibrated data of the polarization angle of the CMB and its contaminants, allowing existing and future CMB polarimeters to fully mine the cosmic sky.

Mots-clés : cosmic microwave background,polarization,balloons,unmanned aerial vehicles
Projet ERC : Byz-GOVAG (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Study of the Human Past
Entité participante : Université Bilkent — Pays : Turquie — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : BİLKENT
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 197851.0 €

Crucial to Byzantium’s survival against several post 6th-century external foes was the introduction of the theme-system (military-territorial units), which sealed its provincial administration for five centuries. The long debate on this institution, often biased by anachronistic evidence from literary sources, has gained new impetus through the study of seals, the tiny lead disks that the Byzantines used to secure and authenticate their correspondence. The plethora of irrefutable evidence that seals provide on the administrative nomenclature and the prosopography of high- and (the otherwise unattested) low-ranking officials, allow the in-depth analysis of a special group of individuals directly linked to the state, whose professional performance and unobstructed succession in office was a prerequisite for the Empire’s cohesion and well-being.  An international team of researchers will apply a well-tested methodological model on the recording and analysis of seals to study relevant material in more than 100 collections worldwide (including hundreds of unpublished seals from Cyprus, Greece and Turkey) and offer in-depth prosopographic analysis of the officials who manned the themes and contributed to Byzantium’s long-lasting endurance. An innovative geo- and chrono-referenced database of seals with secure findspots will, for the first time, visualise the Byzantine correspondence network, and data on the iconography of the seals and the historical, archaeological and sigillographic profile of the thematic headquarters will further revolutionize our hitherto perception of the military, social and cultural history of Byzantium. Printed and online publications, three open access databases, an updated manual on dating criteria for seals, scientific meetings, exhibitions, and an educational programme (designed also for people with special needs) will disseminate the results of the project and guarantee their future use in the study of the European Middle Ages.

Mots-clés : byzantine prosopography,sigillography,administration,historical geography,urbanism
Projet ERC : MATILDA (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing
Entité participante : Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : IRCCS
Type d'entité : Organismes privés (hors enseignement)
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2500000.0 €

Microglia represent the main brain residential immune cells. In the last years evidence emerged that, besides representing the first line of defense against pathogenic insults, microglia are also centrally involved in physiological functions essential for correct CNS development and function. Microglia, in a spatially and temporally controlled manner, influence neuronal apoptosis, neurogenesis and myelin formation and manage synapse homeostasis, including removing supernumerary synapses during development. These widely heterogeneous roles are supported by distinct subtypes -or states- of microglia, present in different regions of the brain and at different times during CNS development. In the last years, Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells 2 (Trem2) emerged as a key gene which controls the microglial metabolic state, in addition to directing synapse elimination and shaping the functional brain connectivity. In the present project, I propose that microglia, via Trem2, direct the genetic signature of specific subgroups of brain cells, shifting them toward specific metabolic and developmental patterns. I hypothesize that this mechanism is key for the control of metabolism in the hypothalamus, where the neuronal contingents orchestrating systemic energy homeostasis reside. By using a combination of transcriptomics, multiplex protein expression analysis and cell-based imaging methods, I will determine which subsets of microglia cooperate within hypothalamic centers and will define the underlying mechanisms. I will also assess whether defects in this orchestrated crosstalk affect the central regulation of energy and glucose homeostasis during aging. Data from this study will provide comprehensive knowledge of microglia functions in shaping hypothalamic complexity and endocrine output. Also, they will offer a targeting potential for new therapeutic strategies that could reverse immunometabolic dysfunction by modulation of hypothalamic microglial function.

Mots-clés : microglia,hypothalamus,trem2,hypothalamic neurons,synapses
Projet ERC : HDPER (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : Université de Warwick — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2497037.0 €

This project begins with the interaction between (i) convergence and limits for labeled bounded-degree graphs and (ii) the This project begins with the interaction between (i) convergence and limits for labeled bounded-degree graphs and (ii) the ergodic theory of possible limit processes over infinite graphs, regarded as stationary processes for infinite groups of symmetries. It will deliberately focus on foundational issues that cannot be addressed using the most standard tools: models that are at ‘low temperature’, so mean-field and related methods do not provide good approximations; and limiting graphs that are not ‘amenable’, meaning that they do not allow approximations by decomposing into finite pieces with only ‘small’ interactions between them. The first goal of this project is to uncover new approaches that draw on notions of convergence for sparse graphs, conjectures about the behaviour of high-dimensional graphical models in statistical physics, and the ergodic theoretic study of limit processes via sofic entropy and related concepts.  To shed new light beyond the reach of established techniques, the project will take inspiration from an analogous emerging theory where some of the same challenges can be addressed. This theory studies unitary matrices (rather than labeled graphs) and limiting unitary representations (rather than infinitary stochastic processes). The PI has recently been developing an analog of sofic entropy in this new setting. Several open problems about graph convergence admit analogs about tuples of unitary matrices, and the PI has already solved some of these using ideas from random matrix theory or operator algebras. The second goal of this proposal is to grow this new chapter in random matrix theory, where many further questions are now within reach. The third is to transplant the newly-discovered methods for tuples of matrices back to bounded-degree graphs to make progress towards open problems about graph convergence and processes.

Mots-clés : ergodic theory entropy non amenable groups graph convergence gibbs measures graphical models random graphs random matrices unitary representations
Projet ERC : GENREG (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : Université de Warwick — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2412795.0 €

Major advances in geometry and topology have been achieved by studying critical points and gradient flows for natural energies, but these analytic methods are hindered when singularities occur. In fact, singularities are the main obstacle in the use of area minimisation in the proof of the positive mass theorem up to dimension 7 and the use of Ricci flow with surgery in the proof of the 3-dimensional Poincaré conjecture. A key observation in geometry and physics is that generic solutions, obtained by small perturbations, can exhibit simpler singularities or even none at all. This phenomenon, called generic regularity, can yield outstanding results. The recent generic regularity breakthroughs by the PI-led group will allow to address fundamental open problems in three areas: For area-minimising hypersurfaces, we aim to extend generic regularity to all dimensions, building on the PI's work in up to 10 dimensions. This would establish the positive mass theorem in all dimensions, bypassing technical analysis of the singular set of minimisers. It would also allow the resolution of other well-known problems related to scalar curvature. For mean curvature flow singularities, which are unavoidable, generic flows are expected to encounter only the simplest types. Work of the PI has proven this in 3 and 4 dimensions up to the problem of “multiplicity”. Bamler–Kleiner recently excluded multiplicity in 3 dimensions. Our goal is to prove that multiplicity generically cannot occur in higher dimensions. This would mark major progress towards the Schoenflies conjecture, a main open problem in 4-dimensional topology. For special Lagrangian submanifolds, fundamental objects in symplectic geometry, we would geometrise Lagrangians in Calabi-Yau manifolds by establishing generic Lagrangian mean curvature flows through singularities. The anticipated contributions to mirror symmetry are expected to impact fields spanning algebra, geometry, topology, and theoretical physics.

Mots-clés : area minimising hypersurfaces,mean curvature flow,lagrangian mean curvature flow,generic regularity
Projet ERC : HAGAF (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Study of the Human Past
Entité participante : Université de Warwick — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2375861.0 €

HAGAF will pioneer research in the comparative and transnational, colonial, and post-colonial history of protracted conflicts in the borderlands of Myanmar, India, and Bangladesh through a gendered lens. Referred to in HAGAF as the Indo-Burma borderlands, this historically marginalized, mountainous region was once central to the North East Frontier of British India and part of a global strategic defence system. Bringing together extensive but administratively separate colonial archives with field-based historical research in local communities for the first time, HAGAF will transform understanding of the Frontier and its legacies through inquiry focused on gender, kinship, and social change. Its lessons for how geo-politically marginalized regions arising from colonial legacies are imagined, created, and understood as gendered spaces will also be transformative in traditional Area Studies of Asia and beyond. Protracted conflicts must be understood through the everyday experiences of individuals and communities, and gender reveals conflict’s social reproduction from the home-household to the nation-state. HAGAF’s gendered analysis of traditional kinship systems is also unique. Distinctive kinship systems of Asian highlands communities distinguish them from their ‘lowland’ neighbours, but they must be studied as constructed, negotiated, and gendered systems. HAGAF will for the first time bridge the gap between academic understanding and local concepts of relationships, experiences, and collective imaginaries at different scales. Working with community-based research institutions, a valuable dataset of materials and resources will be part of its legacy. By transforming understanding of the legacy of imperial Frontiers in the world’s most protracted internal conflicts and through supporting inclusive histories, HAGAF addresses critical social and historical challenges, improving understanding of marginalized communities in some of Asia’s poorest regions.

Mots-clés : frontiers,borderlands,asia,conflict,gender,area studies
Projet ERC : MORE (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Texts and Concepts
Entité participante : Amsterdam University Medical Centers — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 166040.35 €

This project is a contribution to moral philosophy, to the didactics of transformative reading and to medical ethics education. It examines moral residue (MR); the distress experience common among health care practitioners as well as other moral agents of recognizing what they take to be their own failure to meet a moral requirement, despite not being fully blameworthy for that failure; and which they express through regret or anguish. Our overall aim is threefold: (1) to substantially advance the philosophical and phenomenological understanding of MR, as a concept and as an experience, by analysing situations of MR caused by moral dilemmas, and by directing attention to situations that have not been explored or are under-explored - MR caused by unavoidable normative ignorance or by impermissible emotions; (2) to empirically study the impact of literary narrative fiction (that is thematically related to MR) in altering concepts of self and others, a process we call “transformative reading”, and (3) to devise, and to empirically test the potential merits of a novel narrative method for medical ethics education that we believe can enable health care practitioners to learn how to acknowledge their inherent vulnerability to MR, and to accept that they are likely to fail morally in ways that they may not be able to avoid, without this acceptance compromising their sense of dignity as moral agents. The aims are intimately connected in that it is the philosophical research into MR which motivates and enables the didactic part of the project, and which thereby binds it together into an integrated whole. The investigation is conducted in health care because this context makes apparent the full range of contingencies in life that impose limits to the rational exercise of moral agency, and which thereby lock agents into diversified situations of MR. However, since MR is pervasive also outside of health care, we believe it will benefit other branches of applied ethics as well.

Mots-clés : acceptance,aporia,dialogue,didactics,disease,catharsis,comedy,error,fallibility,fear,diminished agency,impermissible emotions,laughter,moral agency,moral conflict,moral dilemma,normative ignoranc,pity,ridicule,shame,taboos,tragedy,transformative reading
Projet ERC : DAWN (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth System Science
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2500000.0 €

During the Hadean eon, the first 500 million years of Earth's geological history, the atmosphere underwent its most dramatic transformations. An abundance of greenhouse gases prevented runaway cooling in the face of a fainter Sun, but the concentration, chemistry, and decline rates of these gases are unknown. Retracing this intriguing metamorphosis is impeded by the scarcity of Hadean samples, a vast parameter space, and volatile flux estimates that largely rely on empirical extrapolations. Here, I aim to decipher the formation and chemical evolution of the Hadean atmosphere using a pioneering multi-scale approach, bridging atomic to planetary scales. At the foundation of my project lies a unique combination of state-of-the-art atomistic simulations that cover different length and time scales. With ab initio calculations, I compute equilibrium thermodynamics and thermochemistry at the nanoscale. Subsequently, I employ these ab initio results to train new advanced machine-learning interatomic potentials tailored for liquid-vapor and vapor-solid interactions. These simulations quantify the devolatilization rates from the cooling magma ocean and reconstruct the volatile cycle during its crystallization, including the effects of redox changes and fugacity variations. I incorporate the results of the atomistic simulations into thermochemical calculations and global circulation modeling. In this way, I simulate the behavior and evolution of the atmosphere in Hadean, retrace the major volatile fluxes between geological reservoirs and their contributions to the atmosphere, and dynamically integrate gas losses to space, incoming meteoritic contributions, and fast-changing surface conditions, including the appearance of the hydrosphere. This modeling also gives feedback on the surface state that constrains the atomistic simulations. Thus, I can chart a comprehensive evolutionary path of the Hadean atmosphere and bridge the gap to the better-constrained state of the Archaean.

Mots-clés : habitability,atmosphere,hadean,early earth,magma ocean,degassing,volcanos,ab initio simulations,machine learning,artificial intelligence,molecular dynamics,atmospheric chemistry,volatiles,lava vapor,extreme conditions,thermodynamics,thermochemistry,global circulation model