Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : DCM (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : Bar-Ilan University — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : BIU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 149776.0 €

The DCM (Distributed Crypto Module) is a unique security system that provides a significant boost in server-side security, which will benefit almost every organisation today. The technology relies on a novel approach to protect cryptographic keys and authentication credentials that form the backbone of network and data security. Currently, the cryptographic keys and authentication credentials that reside on servers inside networks constitute single points of failure: it suffices for the attacker to obtain them and all is lost. This is due to the fact that all cryptographic techniques rely on the secrecy of the key; if the key is compromised then all is lost. Indeed, cryptography is rarely broken (even by the NSA); rather, it is bypassed by stealing the key! Server breaches are ubiquitous today and novel defenses are an acute need today in industry and government. In the DCM, the key is first split and shared amongst two or more servers (using known secret sharing technology) and then using our novel approach, the cryptographic operations necessary are carried out without bringing the parts of the secret together. Rather, the servers run a secure protocol, based on secure multiparty computation, which has the security guarantee that even if an attacker breaks into all but one of the servers, and can run any malicious code that it wishes, it still cannot learn anything about the secret key or credential. By configuring the DCM servers independently (different OS, different admins, different defenses, etc.), a very high level of security is achieved. The scope of the Proof of Concept DCM encapsulates the steps need to bring this groundbreaking technology to the market. A full business plan and market survey will be developed for the construction of a new company that will develop the DCM application and bring it to market. The first full version of a DCM will be ready for market a year after the company has been established (with limited versions earlier).

Mots-clés : computer security,cryptography
Projet ERC : EPYC (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems
Entité participante : UK Research and Innovation — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UKRI
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 108295.0 €

The EPYC project will characterize the evolution of long-term human associated eukaryotes and prokaryotes, using colonization patterns in 3 human generations. The gut microbiome is important for human health, supporting nutrition, pathogen defence and immune homeostasis, with more than 200 species inhabiting each human gut. In recent years metagenomics led to notable breakthroughs in describing this microbial diversity, yet 50-90% of species are typically present at too low abundance to be genome or strain resolved. Thus, most gut microbiome studies focused to date on dominant bacteria and very little is known of the highly diverse, yet low abundance, pro- and eukaryotes (elusive microbes). Importantly, elusive microbes are an inherent part of ecosystem successions persisting at different ages of the host. I propose that niche adaptation and persistence are key indicators of a taxa’s importance to the gut ecosystem and host health. I will determine which microbes persist for years within a human, or even a family for several generations. This should be reflected in microbial genetic adaption, also indicating which genes are likely important to successfully colonize the human gut. I hypothesize that low abundance pro- and eukaryotes are adapted to persist for multiple generations in the human host, indicating their importance, despite being largely ignored so far. To investigate this knowledge gap in EPYC, I will (O1) Enable high-precision metagenomics of elusive microbes (O2) Estimate pro- and eukaryotic strain persistence across three human generations (O3) Describe the microbial genetics of gastrointestinal persistence EPYC will develop the next-generation of high-resolution metagenomics of an extended taxonomic range, enabling me to research microbial evolution in the human gut.
Projet ERC : EPYC (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems
Entité participante : UK Research and Innovation — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UKRI
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1391698.0 €

The EPYC project will characterize the evolution of long-term human associated eukaryotes and prokaryotes, using colonization patterns in 3 human generations. The gut microbiome is important for human health, supporting nutrition, pathogen defence and immune homeostasis, with more than 200 species inhabiting each human gut. In recent years metagenomics led to notable breakthroughs in describing this microbial diversity, yet 50-90% of species are typically present at too low abundance to be genome or strain resolved. Thus, most gut microbiome studies focused to date on dominant bacteria and very little is known of the highly diverse, yet low abundance, pro- and eukaryotes (elusive microbes). Importantly, elusive microbes are an inherent part of ecosystem successions persisting at different ages of the host. I propose that niche adaptation and persistence are key indicators of a taxa’s importance to the gut ecosystem and host health. I will determine which microbes persist for years within a human, or even a family for several generations. This should be reflected in microbial genetic adaption, also indicating which genes are likely important to successfully colonize the human gut. I hypothesize that low abundance pro- and eukaryotes are adapted to persist for multiple generations in the human host, indicating their importance, despite being largely ignored so far. To investigate this knowledge gap in EPYC, I will (O1) Enable high-precision metagenomics of elusive microbes (O2) Estimate pro- and eukaryotic strain persistence across three human generations (O3) Describe the microbial genetics of gastrointestinal persistence EPYC will develop the next-generation of high-resolution metagenomics of an extended taxonomic range, enabling me to research microbial evolution in the human gut.
Projet ERC : ADAPTIVE (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : KTH Royal Institute of Technology — Pays : Suède — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : KTH
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 146897.0 €

The ERC StG project UNICON (Project ID 202984) was completed in July 2013. The goal of UNICON was to develop new adaptive finite element methods for computer simulation of fluid-structure interaction, in particular for problems involving turbulent flow. Simulation of turbulent flow is an outstanding computational challenge, where the UNICON project made significant progress beyond the state of the art. The scientific results of the UNICON project include a new theoretical and methodological framework, and a computer implementation of the methods as open source software, published as part of the FEniCS project, co-founded by the PI (Hoffman) in 2003. FEniCS is today a world leading open source software for computer simulation based on differential equations, with an estimated 50 000 downloads per year, and the PI today leads the PRACE Tier-0 project FEniCS-HPC, in which algorithms and software are developed for the most powerful supercomputers in Europe. Compared to competing simulation software, free as well as commercial, UNICON computational technology has proven to exhibit unique features with respect to accuracy and efficiency. The idea of this ERC PoC project is to commercialize the UNICON simulation technology. In particular, ADAPTIVE targets civil (non-military) industry, with a focus on subsonic fluid dynamics. The strategy is to deliver services and products tailored to each customer, from deliverance of a simulation result, to education and support for integration of the simulation tools in the workflow of a customer.

Mots-clés : adaptive finite element method,turbulent flow,fluid structure interaction,industrial application,open source software
Projet ERC : iEBDD (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : Interactive scientific ltd — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Organismes privés (hors enseignement)
Financement ERC de l'entité : 30625.0 €

The ERC project EBDD was funded to bring about a new generation of computer algorithms to implement accurate molecular simulations of biomolecules and their interactions with man-made molecules that are potential new therapeutics. First results from the EBDD project (ERC-StG-2013-336289) indicate the ground-breaking potential of the academic software generated for supporting pre-clinical drug discovery R&D in the pharmaceutical and biotech sectors. Building on these early results from the EBDD project, this proposal aims to prototype an innovative interactive human-computer drug design workflow that will enhance the value of the academic software, and enable new types of R&D processes (hit discovery, hit-to-lead and lead-optimisation) in a preclinical drug discovery environment. To be commercially viable the prototype must be equipped with an intuitive and robust graphical user interface to enable high quality 3D data visualisation, and that also enable real-time user interactions with large-scale computer simulations executed on remote high-performance computing resources. The computer simulation protocols need to be standardised for ease of use by non-experts, and validated for robustness on industry benchmarks. The prototype will developed in partnership with a professional software SME specialised in interactive scientific data visualization, and a large EU biopharmaceutical company that will test multiple versions of the prototype and feedback on improvements over current processes. This close collaboration with the software SME and pharmaceutical companies will ensure that the resulting prototype will be of high value, meets industry standards, and is ready for commercialisation.

Mots-clés : molecular simulations,computer aided drug design,pre clinical drug discovery,user interface,software
Projet ERC : CHIROXCAT (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : University of Girona — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UdG
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 149750.0 €

The ERC-funded project BIDECASEOX ERC-239910 has produced a series of chiral catalysts with broad applicability in various commercial fields associated with synthetic organic chemistry. These catalysts are based in earth abundant metals and activate hydrogen peroxide to perform asymmetric introduction of oxygen atoms into readily available and cheap non chiral organic molecules, producing highly valuable chiral products, leaving water as the only byproduct. By virtue of these reactions, valuable chiral products that nowadays are only accessible by expensive enzymatic methods, or in some cases by toxic, expensive and large waste-producing traditional stoichiometric oxidants, become available in a sustainable manner. Pharmaceutical and agricultural industry, polymer chemistry and fine chemistry are envisioned as potential targets for the interest of the catalysts. With the aim of accelerating their access to the market, the present Proof of Concept (PoC) project, named CHIROXCAT, will target to study the feasibility of bringing these catalysts into a pre-commercial stage. This will be achieved by scaling-up current mg-scale synthetic methods, in order to establish economically optimized multigram scale procedures, and by validating their use in the production of representative chiral molecules of potential interest to the fine chemical industry. This PoC activity will also include an analysis of intellectual property (IP) protection needs within the field of application, as well as setting up the basis for any patent filling procedure required to provide an adequate protection of the catalysts and their uses. Moreover, a market study will be conducted to identify specific potential uses of these compounds, and a review of potential commercialisation partners will be carried out. The expected outcomes of the PoC project will be the commercial availability of a portfolio of chiral catalysts based in earth abundant metals with application in chemical

Mots-clés : homogeneous catalysis,fine chemistry,pharmaceutical industry,polymer industry,asymmetric oxidation,chiral catalysts,chiral roducts
Projet ERC : ChromaChron (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Proof of concept grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : University of Oxford — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 136238.0 €

The ERC-funded project ‘PalaeoChron’ is exploring the dispersal and chronology of early anatomically modern humans outwards from Africa and into Eurasia between 60-40,000 years ago. The study of this key period, during which Neanderthals and other archaic humans disappeared to extinction, relies on the power of radiocarbon dating for the chronological framework underpinning it. There is a huge onus on reliable dating, but this is extremely challenging due to the overwhelming effects of even trace (~<1%) amounts of carbon contamination on archaeological bone samples. To overcome this, as part of the project, we have been using preparative liquid chromatography to isolate specific amino acids from bone collagen for radiocarbon dating. This has seen a dramatic improvement in our ability to decontaminate samples for dating, and obtain accurate results. The Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit (ORAU) is unique in the world in routinely using this approach for radiocarbon dating, but the current method does have some limitations despite the obvious advantages. The main limitation is the time required for the chromatography step; only one sample per day can be prepared. This Proof of Concept grant aims to develop a new chromatography solution to enable a higher throughput and a greater efficiency in the application of these purification techniques for collagen based samples. We have been working with our industrial partners in the development of the method and we want to bring a commercial product to market. Enabling this technology to be taken up by other laboratories will allow significant improvements to routine dating and geochemical analysis, thereby transforming our ability to provide a chronology for the human and environmental past.

Mots-clés : compound specific radiocarbon analysis,semi preparative chromatography,hydroxyproline,accelerator mass spectrometry
Projet ERC : CoCEAL (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : University of Trieste — Pays : Italie — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UNITS
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 372046.6 €

The European dimension of administrative law is the focus of a flurry of initiatives aiming to investigate similarities and differences, and to shape common legal scenarios. A codification of the administrative procedures of the EU has been envisaged by the European Parliament in its resolution of February 2013. A broader proposal of codification, including rule-making and contractual procedures, has been elaborated by ReNEUAL and has been discussed in a series of workshops in 2015. The issues that arise are both practical and theoretical: - it is important to understand whether the method traditionally followed by the European Court of Justice in order to identify the principles that are general and common to national legal systems, only applies when all those systems recognize such principles; - whether national systems of public law share the same idea of what an administrative procedure is is another question; whether the specific principles governing administrative procedures, such as the right to be heard and the duty to give reasons, are the same is still another question; - finally, if any commonality exists, the question that arises is whether it is limited to the level of general principles of law or it includes the which govern procedures. The research project is innovative on grounds of method, because: - it aims at ascertaining whether, and the extent to that, the well-established methodology developed under the ‘Common Core of European Private Law’ project can be applied to EU administrative law; - it permits to distinguish between ‘operative rules’, ‘descriptive formants’, and ‘meta-legal formants’; - it also allows to understand whether the specific nature of the interests recognized and protected by the rules of public law require legal methodologies that are distinct and distant from those of private law.

Mots-clés : administrative law,comparative public law,administrative procedures
Projet ERC : HOLYLAB (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : Fondazione Bruno Kessler — Pays : Italie — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : FBK
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 135000.0 €

The Franciscan Custody of the Holy Land (Custodia Terræ Sanctæ, established in the 13th century) is a global organization that, thanks to a complex system of alms gathering, has ensured throughout the centuries the maintenance of the Holy Sepulchre and the friars’ presence in the Holy Land. Despite its importance in Mediterranean History, the Custody has remained understudied, and its rich archive scarcely exploited. Inspired by recent studies on Franciscan economic thought and accounting in Mediaeval convents, and deploying concepts drawn taken from organizational studies, HOLYLAB combines an analysis of economic practices on a local, regional and global level, with a study of the organizational structures and the mechanisms that enabled the Custody to function, attain its goals, survive organizational changes and maintain legitimation. The aim of the project is to study the Custody’s economic organization in the early modern period and, in so doing, to address more general issues concerning the global circulation of people, money and objects and the organization of early modern institutions. In order to do so, the project’s analysis will rely on a rich and unstudied corpus of account documents issued by the Custody’s headquarters – the St Saviour convent in Jerusalem – and its commissariats located in several Franciscan provinces. Methodologically, the project combines qualitative and quantitative approaches and bridges micro- and macro-levels of analysis by emphasising the meso-level of the organization. Thanks to the novelty of the subject, the use of unstudied account books, an interdisciplinary approach and an innovative methodology, HOLYLAB will both advance current research on Franciscan economic practices, and open new paths in research on the global circulation of people and objects, religious orders and sociology of organizations. Finally, by making available a large amount of data on the objects that circulated through the Custody’s global network, their

Mots-clés : custody of the holy land,ottoman palestine,franciscans,mediterranean
Projet ERC : RESPONDER (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth system science
Entité participante : University of Cambridge — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : U. Cambridge
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1619155.0 €

The Greenland Ice Sheet is losing mass at a growing rate and has since 2010 caused sea level rise of 1 mm/year. The most severe changes occur in the drainage basins of marine-terminating glaciers, which flow rapidly and drain 88% of the ice sheet. The latest report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change concluded that the widespread acceleration of these glaciers in recent years was a response to interaction with the ocean and unrelated to basal lubrication of ice flow; yet, observations have since shown that many of these glaciers respond to the growing volume of surface meltwater, which reaches the bed when surface lakes drain. This basal lubrication mechanism is unknown, but exhibits contrasting control on ice flow at the coast and in the interior where surface melting increasingly forms lakes. This lack of vital knowledge is a major source of uncertainty in the current generation of ice sheet models used to predict sea level change. The fundamental goal of RESPONDER is to understand how hydrological networks at the base of the Greenland Ice Sheet evolve over seasons and over multiple years, and how this evolution impacts on ice flow in the interior and at the coast. The project has the following aims: AIM 1 is to identify glaciological ‘hotspots’ and sites for subglacial access drilling and borehole exploration by tracking hydrological pathways beneath Store Glacier, a large marine-terminating glacier in Uummannaq Fjord, using novel geophysical imaging techniques and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). AIM 2 is to observe and quantify the hydrological networks of Store Glacier while measuring basal slip and strain within ice with probes and sensors installed in boreholes drilled at ‘coastal’ and ‘interior’ targets. AIM 3 is to predict the co-evolution of ice flow and hydrological networks in the Store Glacier drainage basin, and assess the vulnerability of the Greenland Ice Sheet, by integrating field observations in state-of-the-art ice sheet models.

Mots-clés : greenland,ice sheet,rapid dynamics,hydrology,climate change