Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : DISACT (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Université Queen's de Belfast — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 83241.0 €

DISACT will investigate the logic of the crime of disappearances in repressive and (post)conflict settings. Even though combatants have always gone missing on the battlefield, the purposeful disappearance of people is a relatively recent phenomenon. Around 1,000 people now disappear daily, with high levels of public attention to the phenomenon, yet we know relatively little about the historical origins of the crime, the rationale for violent (state and non-state) actors to deploy it, or the processes underpinning its international diffusion. In answering these questions, the project will draw on in-depth analysis of six carefully selected cases, each geared towards documenting a different stage or thematic manifestation in the historical evolution of disappearances. First, DISACT will use archival sources to examine how disappearances emerged in the context of the French colonial counterinsurgency in Algeria (1954-1962). It will then draw on rich ethnographic evidence of violence in Cyprus (1955-1974) to shed light on the logic of the crime in conflict settings. Next, DISACT will investigate the hitherto unexplored role of illiberal intergovernmental organizations in facilitating regional diffusion by analysing the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) in Eurasia (2005-2020). Finally, the project will innovate methodologically by using forensic evidence to uncover the strategic logic of selective removal of remains of victims from original grave sites, comparing the experiences of Cyprus, Chile, and Bosnia. This comparative, interdisciplinary, and multimethod project will blend ethnographic, forensic, legal, and archival evidence to enrich the understanding of one of the most complex human rights violations of our time. Understanding the motives driving disappearances could identify the unexamined and interlinked dynamics of state repression, colonialism, violent conflict, and post-conflict accountability.
Projet ERC : IRONIS (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth System Science
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1779805.0 €

Knowledge of the light element (H, C, N) characteristics of planetary building blocks is key to our understanding of the development of habitable conditions on Earth. Since 'magmatic' iron meteorites originate from the metallic cores of the earliest, differentiated planetesimals, they may preserve a record of H, C, and N isotopic variations in the inner and outer solar system during the first stages of planetary accretion. Based on novel multi-light-element isotopic analyses of irons and other Fe-Ni alloy-rich meteorites and experimental simulations, project IRONIS aims to answer the fundamental questions of (i) how the distributions of H, C, and N (and their carrier phases) evolved in space and time within the earliest stages of the protoplanetary disk, and (ii) how H, C, and N were distributed between metals and silicates during planetesimal accretion, differentiation, and subsequent evolution. A major objective is to develop novel secondary ion mass spectrometry protocols for analyzing H, C, and N in situ in Fe-Ni alloy, and to combine these with 'bulk' N-noble gas analyses by static noble gas mass spectrometry. The originality and uniqueness of project IRONIS thus lies in the coupling of two state-of the-art analytical techniques, which allow the quantification of any solar gas and cosmogenic nuclide contributions. Only once the effects of these secondary components are understood, can spatiotemporal isotopic variations in the protoplanetary disk be investigated. In parallel, new cross-calibrated N analyses of experimental run products will provide constraints on the degree of N isotopic fractionation during alloy-silicate partitioning, and will permit us to assess if the N isotopic compositions of irons represent a primary feature of their parent bodies. Ultimately, by investigating the remnants of the first planetesimal populations, project IRONIS will provide new fundamental insights into the cosmochemical history and evolution of life-forming light elements.

Mots-clés : hydrogen,carbon,nitrogen,noble gases,isotopes,mass spectrometry,meteorites,planetesimal cores,solar system
Projet ERC : Pandora (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Systems and Communication Engineering
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1880000.0 €

Nonlinear optics is a thriving research field with numerous practical applications in advanced laser sources, all-optical frequency conversion, optical computing, generation of entangled pairs and quantum cryptography, supercontinuum and terahertz-radiation generation. Traditionally reserved to bulk, tabletop optical systems increasing drive in the photonics community to scale these applications to fit on a chip. The main bottleneck in the convergence of nonlinear optics and integrated photonics is that the volume of nonlinear crystals needs to be reduced by at least a factor 7.  Achieving such a volume reduction requires a major scientific breakthrough. The PANDORA project tackles this issue with the following combination: (a) a material with a high nonlinear figure of merit -- gallium phosphide (GaP); (b) apply orientation patterning to engineer and exalt the intrinsic nonlinear properties of GaP; (c) shape the resulting crystal -- OP-GaP -- into guiding structures that allow ultimate compactness.  The cornerstone of the project is a recent result obtained by the PI and his team, showing that OP-GaP waveguides have the potential to outperform all existing nonlinear crystals with a form factor compatible with photonic integration. The PANDORA project proposes to build upon this result and draw out the full potential of OP-GaP as a single material platform for integrated nonlinear optics.
Projet ERC : T-Recs (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Condensed Matter Physics
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2999801.0 €

In solid-state physics, all the properties determined by the atoms' position are susceptible to be modified by acoustic phonons. Acoustic phonons are usually seen as a primary source of unwanted effects in electronics, optoelectronics, and quantum technologies based on solid-state platforms. This project proposes a series of tunable nanodevices where acoustic-phonons constitute, instead, a central resource to unveil wavelength conversion phenomena, transfer information, and simulate systems difficult or impossible to study in optics and electronics. The current trend in nanophononics is to engineer acoustic nanodevices to shape the local acoustic density of states, tailor the light-matter interaction, or enhance the interactions with other systems based on static and predetermined fixed-function nanostructures. This project takes a radically different direction by incorporating responsive materials that change their elastic properties under external stimuli. GeSbTe compounds and vanadium dioxide present phase transitions that can be triggered thermally, optically, or electrically and have associated ultrafast changes in their elastic properties. These materials, widely used in active photonics and electronics, will be integrated into nanophononic semiconductor and oxide-based resonators working in the GHz-THz range.  The project is organized around three major challenges: i) To develop hybrid tunable acoustic-phonon resonators and transducers based on materials presenting structural phase transitions. ii) To develop reconfigurable nanophononic lattices (i.e. artificial graphene) formed by coupled resonators. And iii) To demonstrate novel acoustic-phonon wavelength conversion phenomena, simulate time-dependent Hamiltonians, and develop dynamical acoustic phonon devices. Using dynamical structures to control acoustic phonons in the GHz-THz range will enable a new dimension in the solid-state physics toolbox.

Mots-clés : acoustic phonons,nanomechanics,nanocavities,microcavities,optomechanics,coherent phonon generation,pump probe
Projet ERC : WeSET (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : Université Bocconi — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1721563.0 €

Our project proposes to provide new empirical evidence on wage setting. This evidence will enhance our understanding of industrial relations, and of wage inequality.  First, we will open up the collective bargaining process between incumbent employees and their employers in both France and the US. We will conduct textual analysis of collective bargaining agreements. We will design two-sided high-frequency surveys to follow the bargaining process within firms (e.g. offer sequences) and to measure the preferences of workers’ and employers’ representatives over various tradeoffs (e.g. wages vs employment). Using quasi-experimental designs, we will study how the identity of the workers’ and employers’ representatives matter for agreement outcomes and we will study overall bargaining efficiency.  We will provide the first experimental evidence in industrial relations study through two randomized control trials. In France, we will evaluate the effects of negotiation training programs on collective bargaining outcomes. In the US, we will test for union threat effects in non-unionized workplaces through information experiments. Second, we will leverage the extraordinary opportunities offered by online job boards to open up the wage setting process for external hires. We will complement matched online-search and employment register data with detail firm and worker high-frequency surveys in both France and Sweden. We will provide a thorough analysis of selection into individual bargaining, and of the determinants of bargaining intensity and offers. We will test for bargaining theories using experimental information shocks. We will propose an empirical classification of recruiters based on their willingness to bargain with external hires that can be used to study strategic interactions among heterogenous bargaining firms. Our empirical evidence will guide policymakers in the design of collective bargaining rules and of online job boards.

Mots-clés : collective bargaining,unions,wage posting,wage bargaining,negotiation training programs,experiments
Projet ERC : RadicalCAT (Horizon Europe, appel 2025, Consolidator grants)
Entité participante : Université de Cardiff — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1998761.0 €

Can the use of d-block elements be circumvented in catalysis?  The knowledge base of chemical transformations involving transition metal species is vast. Indeed, the versatility of transition metals has rendered them indispensable for a substantial number of transformations. Yet, the corresponding reactivity of compounds derived from the p-block elements is much less studied. However, in the last two decades, a number of advancements has inspired a renaissance in the chemistry of the p-block particularly in the realm of catalytic transformations. With commercial interest in main group catalysts stemming from reduced purification costs, potential lower toxicity, different functional group tolerances or alternative selectivity, there has been a drive to develop new p-block systems for synthesis and catalysis.  In this project I aim to deepen the understanding of radical frustrated Lewis pairs, and to develop catalytic protocols for the synthesis of useful compounds. Alongside this I will develop flow and flow electrochemistry as enabling tools in main group chemistry to address current challenges in catalysis and sustainable chemistry. Overall, this work will cover both fundamental and applications-driven research, demonstrating a diversity of chemical transformations of the p-block elements as well as the use of enabling technologies including flow chemistry, electrochemistry, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Collectively, the work packages (WPs) described herein will illustrate new strategies in synthesis and novel reactivity that will lead to a deeper understanding and applicability of these elements. Indeed, the discovery of new synthetic methodologies is crucial for developing novel compounds leading to new pharmaceutical leads, resulting in economic and societal benefits. The work outlined in this ERC proposal will further the resurgence of p-block chemistry providing fresh insights into both organic and main group chemistry.

Mots-clés : lewis acid catalysis frustrated lewis pair
Projet ERC : GLYMCE (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : Université de Fribourg-en-Brisgau — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1994024.0 €

Objective: The aim of GLYMCE is to understand how carbohydrates and their assemblies are recognized by pathogens to drive infections. The identified molecular patterns will be transferred to biomimetic glycopolymer materials to extend the arsenal for the fight against infections. Carbohydrates are not just sweet, they are crucial in various biological interactions: Cell surfaces are covered in carbohydrates, the glycocalyx, that governs contact with pathogens such as viruses and bacteria. A class of carbohydrates critical for pathogen attachment and infections are glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). GAGs are highly diverse polysaccharides already used in medicine (e.g., heparin against thrombosis). The potential of GAGs in fighting viral and bacterial infections has been recognized in biology and medicine, but, as of today, there are no GAG-based drugs used for this purpose. A key limitation is insufficient knowledge about the mode of action of GAGs within the complex ensemble of the glycocalyx: How does the display of GAGs within the glycocalyx affect their pathogen interactions? GLYMCE wGLYMCE will tackle this question from the polymer chemist’s point-of-view: taking a bottom-up approach to prepare GAG mimetics (level 1); assemble glycocalyx mimetics and study their spatial organization of GAGs upon pathogen binding (level 2); reengineer the glycocalyx of living cells to understand the factors governing infection (level 3). This is only now possible through recent synthetic tools developed by my lab enabling GAG mimetics with controlled sequence, molecular weight, chain conformation, architecture and sulfation patterns – all parameters known to critically impact the affinity and selectivity of GAGs. Overall, by taking a radically different approach informed by chemical biology and brought to life by polymer chemistry, mechanisms for GAG-mediated pathogen attachment will be derived and applied to develop new materials and strategies to detect, prevent and treat infections.

Mots-clés : sequence defined polymers,glycopolymers,biomolecular interactions,molecules against infection
Projet ERC : CLARISURGE (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Systems and Communication Engineering
Entité participante : Izmir biyotip ve genom merkezi — Pays : Turquie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : IZMIR BIOMEDICINE AND GENOME CENTER
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1596250.0 €

Treatments that minimize adverse effects on deep tissues may be critical for successful therapy in a superficial pre-cancerous condition such as Barrett's oesophagus. Although endoscopic therapeutic interventions efficiently eradicate superficial abnormal tissues in the oesophagus, the main challenge with their current deployments is that the therapy depth typically has a more profound thermal injury than the target layer. The project's objective is to develop a novel endoscopic cap that provides local non-thermal ablation to the superficial layers of the target oesophageal wall with sufficient depth for mucosal resurfacing. A design compatible with endoscopes will enable navigation, diagnosis, and ablation together—all-in-one. In support of the objective, the research programme is split into the following indicative specific aims based on EU MDR (2017/745) ISO (13485) & TSE (60601) regulations. Aim-1: Development of numerical modelling to mimic non-thermal ablation dynamics of the endo-cap. Aim-2: Optimization of numerical modelling with computational accuracy by in-vitro studies. Aim-3: Establishing the quality control process. Aim-4: Configuration of the endo-cap's original design in a CAD program and then realize the design with an optically transparent material containing electrodes for a porcine animal model, in vivo. Aim-5: Integration of the endo-cap with an endoscopy system to construct an endoscope equipped with the endo-cap for preclinical trials. Aim-6: Investigating the functional feasibility of an endoscope system in a GI endoscopy simulator. Aim-7: Validation of the system's oesophageal mucosal resurfacing performance in an in vivo porcine model, including tissue samples for histology examination at different time points. The action results are thought to mature the original design sufficiently for clinical trials and provide further steps for introducing the oesophageal mucosal resurfacing technique using non-thermal ablation into clinical routine.

Mots-clés : endoscopic treatment,irreversible electroporation,mucosal ablation,barrett s oesophagus
Projet ERC : CRUNS (Horizon Europe, appel 2025, Consolidator grants)
Entité participante : Université d'Amsterdam — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UvA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999998.0 €

Particle physics is at a crossroads. The largest collider ever built so far has found no evidence for physics beyond the Standard Model leaving us with major open problems such as the absence of antimatter in our universe and the origin of nonzero neutrino masses. While plans for new colliders with extreme collision energies are being pursued, an alternative way to find new clues is through low-energy precision experiments that can detect subtle quantum effects from beyond-the-Standard-Model physics. The experimental prospects are great, but their interpretation requires high-precision theoretical calculations of particle physics effects on complex systems such as neutrons, atomic nuclei, and molecules. My goal is to develop new theoretical tools based on effective field theory to greatly improve the theoretical accuracy of the most promising high-precision observables. I will focus on superallowed beta decay measurements (the Common), extremely rare double-weak decays of atoms (the Rare), and yet-to-be-discovered neutrinoless double beta decay and permanent electric dipole moments (the UNSeen). These observables are targeted by an intense worldwide experimental program and have the potential to unravel the nature of neutrino mass, to break the Standard Model pattern of quark mixing, and to find the origin of the universal matter-antimatter asymmetry. Doing so requires the new tools and methods developed in this proposal to improve the theoretical accuracy to record levels and to connect low-energy experiments to mysteries in high-energy particle physics and cosmology.

Mots-clés : effective field theory,precision tests of the standard model,beta decay,neutrinoless double beta decay,electric dipole moments
Projet ERC : SynthNuc (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Condensed Matter Physics
Entité participante : Université technologique de Dresde — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TU Dresden
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999550.0 €

The main aim of this proposal is to resolve how the physics of molecular-scale activities result in the emergent material properties of chromatin and how those contribute to chromatin organization and function. Mounting evidence suggests that the material properties of chromatin regulate essential nuclear processes. Chromatin has been studied with two disconnected approaches; pure in vitro studies, perfectly suited for careful biophysical measurements on single DNA molecules but lacking the complexity of a cell, or intact cell measurements, with limited access to measure material properties and small-scale chromatin dynamics. The physical properties of chromatin, however, are emergent and result from the molecular activities that are in turn regulated by those properties. As a consequence, it is crucial to establish new experimental assays that connect these two scales and levels of complexity. Here, I will bridge the gap in scales and biochemistry between pure in vitro assays and measurements in intact cells by reconstituting chromatin processes in Xenopus laevis egg extracts across scales. I will combine quantitative microscopy, optical tweezer measurements, and theory to biophysically characterize the self-organization of protein-DNA co-condensation and loop extrusion and single chromatin molecules of increasing complexity. To bridge the microscopic and the macroscopic scales, I will assemble synthetic nuclei made of pre-engineered DNA sequences, which allows for exquisite control of DNA length, amount, and chromatin activities. In combination with microrheology, micropipette aspiration, and magnetic tweezers, I will unravel how the collective behavior of chromatin activities gives rise to the emergence of large-scale material properties of chromatin. This project will provide a physical description of the material state of chromatin across scales and contribute to reveal the basic physical principles that govern nuclear organization and function.