Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : LawsOfSocRep (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Centre for Women's Development Studies — Pays : Inde — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : CWDS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 103220.79 €

Feminist scholars have long demonstrated the invisibility of women’s reproductive labour, performed in bearing and raising children, maintaining households and socially sustaining male labour. Mainstream international economic institutions acknowledge unpaid care work as an obstacle to women’s economic empowerment. Sustainable Development Goal 5.4 requires that unpaid care and domestic work be recognised through provision of public services and shared responsibility in the family. However the world faces a growing care deficit even as states and international institutions fail to commit to systemic reforms and criminalise women’s economic choices. Anchored in the global South context of India, the project offers a cutting-edge, inter-disciplinary lens to retheorise the normative, empirical, regulatory and policy dimensions of the law’s regulation of social reproduction. The project broadly conceptualises female reproductive labour to include unpaid domestic work as well as sex work, erotic dancing, commercial surrogacy and paid domestic work. Placing varied forms of reproductive labour along the market-marriage continuum, the proposed project offers four main work packages: (1) Normative: Articulates a materialist feminist theory of reproductive labour, revitalises feminist legal theory on the economy through a distributional analysis of the laws of social reproduction (2) Empirical: Consolidates and supplements through new empirical research the study of the political economies and legal ethnographies of sex work, bar dancing, commercial surrogacy and paid domestic work to improve women’s economic bargaining power (3) Regulatory/Policy: Catalogues for each sector innovative economic models, legal and governance tools, policy proposals (including local experimental measures and radical blue-sky ideas) to enhance women’s economic bargaining power and (4) Political Impact: Shifts political sensibilities by dissolving discursive and policy silos between these sectors.

Mots-clés : feminist theory,india,women s labour
Projet ERC : INFISS (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : Universidad Pablo de Olavide — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UPO
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 150000.0 €

Fertility decline is the largest contributor to population ageing in the world today, and infertility negatively impacts on the mental a social wellness of the population affected. One of the causes of birth rate tumbling is the trend of later motherhood in modern societies and the infertility associated to diabetes and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). PCOS is the leading cause for ovulatory infertility, being the most common endocrine and metabolic disorder, affecting women in reproductive age. Women suffering from diabetes frequently suffer from infertility and PCOS, while two-thirds of adult women with PCOS suffer from insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. The ERC-StG MitoSigAge funds research directed to understand the process of ageing with a focus on insulin/IGF-1 signalling (IIS) and its interaction with mitochondrial metabolism. PCOS blocks oocyte maturation and ovulation, suggesting a tight link between mitochondrial energy metabolism and oocyte development mediated by IIS. One of the applications emanating from this research lies in the identification of molecular targets to combat diabetes-associated sterility. The objective of the ERC-PoC is four-fold: First, identify evolutionarily conserved molecular targets that, when inactivated, suppress sterility associated to defective IIS. Second, identify existing drugs for the identified targets and ascertain which compounds have the best therapeutic potential. Third, perform the necessary patenting of the compounds for this new application and the initial steps towards the valorisation of the identified products and their commercial potential. Fourth, market studies to evaluate the commercial potential of our technology. These steps will bridge a scientific idea from basic research to therapeutic applications. If successful, it will provide important societal and economical benefits, helping combating the downsides associated to our modern ageing society.

Mots-clés : ageing,infertility,insulin,pcos,drug screening,high throughput screening,c  elegans
Projet ERC : CLUSTER (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth system science
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 334558.96 €

Few geophysical phenomena are as spectacular as tropical cyclones, with their eye surrounded by sharp cloudy eyewalls. There are other types of spatially organised convection (convection refers to overturning of air within which clouds are embedded), in fact organised convection is ubiquitous in the tropics. But it is still poorly understood and poorly represented in convective parameterisations of global climate models, despite its strong societal and climatic impact. It is associated with extreme weather, and with dramatic changes of the large scales, including drying of the atmosphere and increased outgoing longwave radiation to space. The latter can have dramatic consequences on tropical energetics, and hence on global climate. Thus, convective organisation could be a key missing ingredient in current estimates of climate sensitivity from climate models. CLUSTER will lead to improved fundamental understanding of convective organisation to help guide and improve convective parameterisations. It is closely related to the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) grand challenge: Clouds, circulation and climate sensitivity. Grand challenges identify areas of emphasis in the coming decade, targeting specific barriers preventing progress in critical areas of climate science. Until recently, progress on this topic was hindered by high numerical cost and lack of fundamental understanding. Advances in computer power combined with new discoveries based on idealised frameworks, theory and observational findings, make this the ideal time to determine the fundamental processes governing convective organisation in nature. Using a synergy of theory, high-resolution cloud-resolving simulations, and in-situ and satellite observations, CLUSTER will specifically target two feedbacks recently identified as being essential to convective aggregation, and assess their impact on tropical cyclones, large-scale properties including precipitation extremes, and energetics of the tropics.

Mots-clés : deep convection in the tropics,self aggregation of deep convection
Projet ERC : HistoGenes (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Synergy grants)
Entité participante : Eötvös Loránd University — Pays : Hongrie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ELTE
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 924375.0 €

Few parts of Europe witnessed so many population shifts in a few centuries as the Carpathian Basin in 400-900 CE. In this macro-region along the middle Danube, Pannonians, Romans, Goths, Gepids, Longobards, Avars, Bulgars, Slavs, Franks and many others came and went. This is an intriguing test case for the relationship between ethnic identities constructed in texts, cultural habitus attested in the archaeological record, and genetic profiles that can now be analysed through ancient DNA. What was the impact of migrations and mobility on the population of the Carpathian Basin? Was the late antique population replaced, did it mix with the newcomers, or did its descendants only adopt new cultural styles? To what degree did biological distinctions correspond to the cultural boundaries and/or ethnonyms in the texts? If pursued with methodological caution, this case study will have implications beyond the field. HistoGenes will analyse c. 6,000 samples from graves with cutting edge scientific methods, and contextualize the interpretation of these data in their archaeological and historical setting. The rapid progress of aDNA analysis and of bio-informatics now make such an enterprise viable. However, the methods of historical interpretation have not kept pace. HistoGenes will, for the first time, unite historians, archaeologists, geneticist, anthropologists, and specialists in bio-informatics, isotope analysis and other scientific methods. Many team members have already collaborated successfully in a pilot project, which has demonstrated the feasibility of the approach and of the integrated workflow at the core of the project. A wide range of particular historical questions will be addressed from an interdisciplinary perspective, and fundamental theoretical and methodological issues can be explored. HistoGenes will not only advance our knowledge about a key period in European history, but also establish new standards for the historical interpretation of genetic data.

Mots-clés : early middle ages,late antiquity,migration,ethnicity,transformation of the roman world,historical method,interdisciplinary method,steppe empires
Projet ERC : FUN-NOTCH (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Systems and communication engineering
Entité participante : Eindhoven University of Technology — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TU/e
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1497982.0 €

Fibre optics are critical infrastructure for society because they carry nearly all the global Internet traffic. For a long time, optical fibre systems were thought to have infinite information-carrying capabilities. With current traffic demands growing by a factor between 10 and 100 every decade, however, this is no longer the case. In fact, it is currently unknown if the installed optical infrastructure will manage to cope with these demands in the future, or if we will face the so-called "capacity crunch". To satisfy traffic demands, transceivers are being operated near the nonlinear regime of the fibres. In this regime, a power-dependent nonlinear phenomenon known as the Kerr effect becomes the key impairment that limits the information-carrying capability of optical fibres. The intrinsic nonlinear nature of these fibres makes the analysis very difficult and has led to a series of unanswered fundamental questions about data transmission in nonlinear optical fibres, and nonlinear media in general. For example, the maximum amount of information that optical fibres can carry in the highly nonlinear regime is still unknown, and the design of transceivers well-suited for this regime is also completely unexplored. In this project, the PI will answer these fundamental questions by studying the simplest nontrivial building blocks underlying optical fibres, and will give a definitive answer to the capacity crunch question. The PI will use a systematic methodology that aims at embracing nonlinear effects, consider the continuous-time channel as the correct starting point for analysis, and redesign optical transceivers from scratch, lifting all linear assumptions. The proposed methodology is in sharp contrast with current research trends, which aim at mitigating nonlinearities, and consider discrete-time models in the linear regime. Due to the central role of information transmission in modern society, the results in this project will have broad societal impact.

Mots-clés : information theory,communication theory,optical fibre communications
Projet ERC : Fields4CAT (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : University of London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : U. London
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1998700.0 €

Fields4CAT aims to identify the nature and directionality of the driving forces in a redox enzyme that govern the catalytic chemical process. Industrial bio-manufacturing is one of the pillars of today’s world economy making its way to a sustainable development. Redox enzymes catalyze the most demanding chemical reactions under mild conditions, such as the oxy-functionalization of non-activated hydrocarbons, which usually requires harsh reaction conditions. Enzyme Biotechnology has greatly progressed thanks to rational mutagenesis schemes that draw upon the static X-ray structural information. The high complexity of enzymatic catalysis has, however, hampered its development because a single point mutation near the active site can affect several relevant parameters at the same time, obscuring the interpretation and constraining the rational design of technological biocatalysts. Fields4CAT proposes dissecting the relevant forces exerted over an individual catalytic active site in its wild-type state, and then using the resulting forces map to design enzyme/metal platforms with enhanced capabilities. To this aim, it develops in 3 blocks organized in a step-wise fashion: (i) block 1 sets up a electrochemical multi-stimuli single-protein toolbox (Ec-SPT) with capabilities to trap individual proteins in a nanoscale tunnelling junction and subject them to a variety of force stimuli, i.e. mechanical, electrostatic and magnetic. (ii) Block 2 designs the chemical electrical plugs that will specifically connect the enzyme to the junction electrodes with precise controlled orientation. (iii) Block 3 characterizes the single-protein electrical signatures of the enzyme activity and quantifies the catalytic effect of the different force stimuli along the vertical junction axis. Fields4CAT will identify new guidelines to bioengineer a redox enzyme/metal platform with tuned catalytic activity, bringing about new breakthroughs in the future of Bio-Catalysis.

Mots-clés : nano bioelectronics,single molecule biophysics,single protein junctions,nanoscale molecular devices,molecular nanoscience
Projet ERC : PathEVome (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering
Entité participante : University of Dundee — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2130541.0 €

Filamentous plant pathogens (fungi and oomycetes) cause the most devastating crop diseases and thus significantly threaten global food security. Essential components of their virulence arsenal are proteins called cytoplasmic effectors that are delivered inside plant cells to suppress immunity. One of the major scientific challenges in this field is understanding how effectors are secreted and translocated into host cells; a question that is hotly debated. An exciting breakthrough in my laboratory revealed that cytoplasmic effectors accumulate in extracellular vesicles (EVs), implicating this as a delivery route. This critical discovery establishes a vital need to address: • What proteins reside in EVs and how do EVs traffic them between pathogen and host cells? • How are EVs formed and how are effectors packaged into them? • What are the routes for uptake of cytoplasmic effectors into host cells and how do they reach their destination? Each question will be answered by a corresponding workpackage (WP) that brings challenging, innovative approaches to the study of molecular plant pathology. In WP1 proteomics and transgenic approaches will allow the EV proteome to be determined and high-throughput automated electron microscopy will resolve the 3-dimensional organisation of the interface between plant and pathogen. In WP2, new molecular cell biological approaches and genome editing will facilitate an understanding of effector secretory routes and EV biogenesis. In WP3, fusion or endocytosis of EVs with plant cells will be studied and the endocytic routes to delivery of effectors to their final destination will be defined. PathEVome will develop a ground-breaking understanding of effector delivery from filamentous pathogens to the inside of living plant cells. It will provide tools and approaches beyond the current state-of-the-art in infection cell biology that can be broadly adopted to study the roles of vesicular transport in causing disease.

Mots-clés : cell biology,molecular transport systems,microbiology
Projet ERC : VeCoScan (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Proof of concept grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : University of Zurich — Pays : Suisse — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UZH
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 148320.0 €

Film archives contain large and diverse collections of historical films. In order to exhibit and exploit these collections commercially, archives need to digitize their holdings. With more than 400 Mio. € per year globally and growth rates of 8 % annually, the digitization of analog film material is an exponentially growing market. However, as a study by the research team has shown, there is no professional high-end film scanner on the market that is able to digitize the whole range of these films. The PoC VeCoScan tackles this lack of technical solutions by developing and testing a multi-spectral and versatile core film scanner unit. This versatile design will allow the film scanner to adapt the spectral distribution and the directional arrangement of its illumination system, based on colorimetric measurements of film stocks executed by the research team. The higher image quality of the raw scans will achieve better results in terms of both the accuracy with the original colors and the potential to digitally reconstruct faded colors that concern an estimated 90% of chromogenic film stocks up to 1980. The most important bottleneck in digitization workflows is the optical set-up of the scanners. The second bottleneck is a lack of knowledge of historical films on the part of most service providers. The PoC will address both of these current drawbacks: by improving the scanner, and by delivering a comprehensive package that includes information about the film stocks’ physical properties and models for color reconstruction, in line with high scientific standards. As a result, scanning and post-processing times will be greatly reduced and workflows will become much more cost-efficient. Furthermore, an accurate digital rendition of analog films is crucial for the long-term sustainability of digital representation.

Mots-clés : digitization,scanning,colorimetry,colors,film projection,film technology,film archive,film,heritage,film restoration
Projet ERC : CityNet (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : University of Oxford — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1929306.0 €

Financial and business services (FABS), including law, accounting, and business consulting, have been one of the most dynamic sectors of the world economy, with a fivefold rise in real value added since 1980. Although FABS are central to the processes of globalisation, financialisation, urbanisation and development, our understanding of the sector in the context of tumultuous changes of the early 21st century is partial. How have the FABS firms and centres been affected by the global financial crisis and the Eurozone crisis? How are they changing in response to new financial regulation, the expected shift of economic activity to the Asia-Pacific region, and the digital revolution? What are the impacts of FABS on urban, regional, and global development? We urgently need groundbreaking frontier research to better understand the nature and dynamics of FABS, and their implications. This project is designed to address this challenge by focusing on three objectives: mapping the FABS sector and its transactional networks worldwide; analysing strategies of FABS firms, as well as policies towards FABS and their institutional environments in cities; explaining the impacts of FABS, their strategies, and place-specific factors on growth, stability, and inequality at urban, regional, national and global level. In doing so, we will develop a new theoretical framework, called the Global Financial Networks, which positions FABS and their networks in the broader economy. Using a mixed-methods approach, we will document the development of FABS and their consequences, cutting through the hype of financial centre indices, and through the fog of ideologically charged debates on the virtues and vices of the financial sector. One of the outcomes of the project will be the world’s first ever atlas of finance. The project will provide a robust evidence base crucial in shaping future rounds of investment by and in FABS, and policies towards FABS by governments and other organisations.

Mots-clés : globalisation,financial centres,business services
Projet ERC : IDEAL DRONE (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Proof of concept grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : Polytechnic University of Turin — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 148000.0 €

Firefighters fatalities are increasing worldwide because they are the first entering in damaged buildings or in fire, without knowing the location of victims and the source of danger. The Principal Investigator has invented a system for indoor tracking that is able to detect victims inside buildings after a disaster (earthquake, fire, etc.) using a radio frequency system (UWB) based on fixed nodes (anchors) in the building to detect the location of wearable nodes (tags). The application has been patented (PCT application: n. 102016000109493). The idea of the project IDEAL DRONE is to install the anchors on an unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) swarm that is flying around the building. The UAVs will be equipped with a customized sensor network so the system will provide indoor localization for managing emergencies without the need to install a structural health monitoring system (SHM) inside the building. Then the health condition and the location of the victims can be plotted in a map, so that rescue operations can be optimized. The goal of the project is to develop the first prototype of the system using a developing board for rapid prototyping and perform an initial market analysis of the system to analyze the impact of this product in the market. After the first prototype the next step will be to redesign all the electrical parts to find the optimal solution between quality and price for each submodule and component of the system.

Mots-clés : emergency,indoor tracking,search and rescue,firefighters,disasters