Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : LONGFOR (Horizon Europe, appel 2025, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Human Mobility, Environment, and Space
Entité participante : Société Max-Planck pour le développement des sciences — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Société Max Planck
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499980.0 €

Current mortality forecasting methods have been shown to systematically underpredict future longevity, and their methodological frameworks are based on time series extrapolation rather than theory or structural models. Given our extensive knowledge of the factors that have shaped mortality trends, a crucial question is whether considering additional traits of the populations analysed can improve prediction accuracy compared to the state of the art.  The goal of LONGFOR is to develop innovative models of past and future mortality for several populations that are informed by the theoretical framework of the health transition theory. To achieve this, LONGFOR will focus on three primary research objectives: (A) to determine whether the mortality transitions of European populations stratified by sex since the 1950s have shared common patterns in terms of their mortality determinants, (B) to develop a novel theory-driven model to describe and forecast age-specific mortality by sex of multiple populations based on their mortality determinants, and (C) to extend this multi-population model to cause-specific mortality forecasting by age and sex.  LONGFOR will achieve these objectives by integrating advanced statistical methods with publicly available data on mortality, fertility, population, causes of death, socio-economic, behavioural and environmental indicators. This ambitious but feasible project has the potential to make ground-breaking contributions to both mortality theory and the practice of mortality forecasting. Specifically, LONGFOR findings will have significant societal and scientific impacts by: (i) providing empirical evidence on current mortality theories, (ii) offering new insights for theoretical and modelling advancements, (iii) contributing innovative methods to forecast mortality, and (iv) improving current forecasts of both all-cause and cause-specific mortality.

Mots-clés : mortality forecasting mortality theory
Projet ERC : MicroDissect (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System
Entité participante : Trinity College — Pays : Irlande — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1684803.0 €

Microglia, the macrophages of the brain, are critical regulators of many neurobiological functions and implicated by human genetics in several central nervous system diseases. Recent studies have revealed that microglia can adopt distinct co-existing subtypes, termed 'states'. Microglial states appear especially in the context of damage, disease or repair and understanding these states may lead to the ability to precisely modulate neuroinflammation. However, due to a lack of datasets and tools, the dynamics and functions of these microglial states are unknown, representing a poorly explored frontier of neuroscience.  The core goal of this proposal is to understand the kinetics and biological roles of microglial states. Using focal brain repair in the mouse as a model system, I will address this knowledge gap with three synergistic objectives. First, how do microglial states change in space and time? To answer this, I will unravel the dynamics of microglial states by generating a spatiotemporal atlas of gene expression at the single-cell level, from injury to full repair. Second, how do specific microglial states emerge and what are their functions? I will address this question by focusing on one state that interacts with the peripheral immune system and appears to be triggered by a particular cytokine. Finally, I will build novel molecular tools to genetically access and specifically arrest any microglial state. This will enable me to investigate their impact on remyelination and uncover the biological mechanisms by which microglial states orchestrate brain repair. Together, this work will comprehensively dissect the biology of microglial states in brain repair and provide the enabling technologies to do the same in other contexts, from development to disease. It will open up microglial states to experimentation, resulting in a step change in our understanding of this important brain cell type.
Projet ERC : CMP (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Texts and Concepts
Entité participante : Trinity College — Pays : Irlande — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1371715.0 €

Within business ethics, there is a longstanding debate concerning Corporate Moral Responsibility, the question of whether corporations themselves are the kinds of things that can be responsible for wrongdoing. Proponents of this view hope to vindicate our sense that firms are the appropriate targets of blame and censure. However, proponents have failed to decisively make their case, and they have also failed to come to terms with the magnitude of corporate wrongdoing. Even if firms are possibly responsible, this is far short of showing that corporations have the sensitivity, incentives, position, to be anything but accidental agents for good, let alone equal members of the moral community. As corporations are some of the most significant actors in modern society, this presents a real problem. If it is right to think that corporations have genuine obligations, then a sincere effort must be made to come to terms with why they fail to meet them as well as how to train firms to behave morally in the future. In short, corporations need a moral education. Given this, CMP is broken into three objectives:  - It will consider whether corporations are capable of being morally responsible for their actions. - It will uncover the challenges to corporate moral conduct. - It will determine whether and how to facilitate corporate moral progress.  CMP will meet these objectives with resources far outside of business ethics. Defending corporate moral agency involves using cutting-edge work within metaphysics, philosophy of mind, and philosophy of action. Understanding corporate wrongdoing requires reconceiving of how corporations make moral decisions and are motivated to act on them, as well as the nature of their privilege in society. And determining how to improve firms morally requires integrating work on moral education and moral progress with management disciplines such as strategic management. By doing all of this, CMP will pursue concrete ways to improve firms for good.

Mots-clés : business ethics corporate moral responsibility moral pscyhology
Projet ERC : LONGEVOUS (Horizon Europe, appel 2025, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Human Mobility, Environment, and Space
Entité participante : Société Max-Planck pour le développement des sciences — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Société Max Planck
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499942.0 €

Individuals in poorer nations generally live shorter lives than their counterparts in wealthier nations. Paradoxically, as people age, an intriguing reversal of this pattern emerges, with older individuals in certain low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) outliving those in high-income countries (HICs). Why do older people in LMICs outlive those in HICs? Why does the later-life survival advantage only occur for some LMICs? Answering these pressing questions is critical for addressing the current and future impact of aging societies and for advancing theories of the mortality transition that do not yet consider the diversity of aging experiences worldwide.  LONGEVOUS has three ambitious goals and bold theoretical thrusts: (A) to assess the theoretical framework that explains the paradoxical later-life survival advantage in LMICs, (B) to assess the empirical mechanism behind low mortality at older ages in LMICs, and (C) to investigate whether this unexpected mortality paradox also emerges in terms of health outcomes. Project A tests the theory that adverse conditions over the life course create a group of robust individuals in later life. Project B develops a novel method for estimating mortality at older ages in certain LMICs, where the poor quality of age data remains unresolved and prevents us from testing mortality theories. Project C adds the health component to better understand country disparities in mortality at older ages. LONGEVOUS not only opens new perspectives for longevity research but also represents an unprecedented effort to conduct the most comprehensive study to date of the factors that shape mortality at older ages in LMICs.  LONGEVOUS will use a combination of several demographic and statistical methods, and multiple data sources, including censuses, record linkage studies, and longitudinal health data. The benefit of LONGEVOUS is clear: a ground-breaking paradigm shift in our understanding of later-life survival on a global scale.

Mots-clés : longevity ageing later life mortality global health mortality paradox
Projet ERC : HoloRECOMB (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Integrative B iology : from Genes and Genomes to S ystems
Entité participante : Société Max-Planck pour le développement des sciences — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Société Max Planck
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499980.0 €

Centromeres strongly affect genomic architecture and meiotic recombination distribution and also play a key role in constraining karyotype evolution. The recombination landscape is also heavily influenced by chromosome number and structure (i.e., karyotypes), as at least one crossover per chromosome (and rarely more than three) occurs in most species, making chromosome number the primary driver of recombination frequency. In addition, centromeres inhibit recombination, and therefore crossovers tend to occur mostly at chromosome ends. However, several unrelated eukaryotic lineages do not have centromeres, or at least, not conventional ones. Such is the case for plants with holocentric chromosomes, where hundreds of small centromere-like units are evenly distributed across the length of the chromosome. Notably, holocentricity has evolved repeatedly across the tree of life and at least four times during plant evolution. Holocentric plant species offer a unique opportunity to study the plasticity of meiotic recombination control. These species have lost typical centromeres, making them ideal for investigating how the recombination landscape was reshaped after the transition to holocentricity. Moreover, holocentricity unleashes changes in the karyotype, offering the possibility to analyze the effects of chromosome breaks and fusions on recombination frequency and distribution. The HoloRECOMB project aims are as follows: I. Analyze how transitions to holocentricity affect meiotic recombination dynamics in different holocentric plant lineages. II. Explore the effect of chromosome breaks and fusions on crossover number and distribution. III. Examine whether the crossover regulation in holocentric plants acts in a similar manner as in monocentric ones. Understanding how holocentricity affects recombination dynamics will provide insights into important mechanistic aspects of meiosis with potential practical applications for crossover regulation in centromeric regions.

Mots-clés : centromere,holocentric chromosome,chromosome breaks and fusions,meiotic recombination,crossover,recombination landscape,karyotype evolution,crispr,chromosome engineering
Projet ERC : 3D-REG (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Integrative B iology : from Genes and Genomes to S ystems
Entité participante : Société Max-Planck pour le développement des sciences — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Société Max Planck
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1500000.0 €

The orchestration of precise gene expression patterns during differentiation and development is dependent on the cis-regulatory elements of the genome, which interact and communicate in three-dimensional (3D) chromatin structures. It is not well understood how these interactions are formed and influence gene expression. Our ability to identify the molecular mechanisms involved is hampered by a lack of tools that provide control over the function of regulatory proteins with high temporal precision and that measure 3D chromatin interactions at high resolution. In this project, we will overcome these hurdles by utilizing an ultra-fast optogenetic system that allows for efficient and reversible nuclear depletion of mammalian proteins upon blue light exposure. We will combine this approach with a range of high-resolution genomic tools to investigate the context-specific functions of transcription factors, co-activators, and architectural proteins throughout erythroid differentiation. Importantly, our set-up does not only allow for characterisation of acute protein depletion, but also enables us to map the molecular events triggered by restoration of regulatory proteins to the nucleus. This unique approach will therefore provide detailed insight into their molecular functions. Moreover, to get a more complete overview of the proteins involved in gene activation, we will implement a locus-specific proteomics approach that enables unbiased identification of the proteome of regulatory regions. This innovative integrated research program has strong potential to transform our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that shape the genome and drive gene activation during cellular differentiation. Furthermore, it will lead to the development of cutting-edge tools to analyse gene regulation in its 3D context at high temporal and spatial resolution.

Mots-clés : enhancers enhancer promoter interactions genome organisation 3d genome
Projet ERC : COMPACT (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Universe Sciences
Entité participante : Société Max-Planck pour le développement des sciences — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Société Max Planck
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2496563.0 €

The description of gravity by Einstein's theory of general relativity has passed all its experimental tests with flying colours including the recent groundbreaking direct detection of gravitational waves. However, there still remain some glaring shortcomings, ranging from its irreconcilability with quantum mechanics to the dark energy that accelerates the expansion of our Universe. There are also several alternative theories that contend to be the best descriptor of gravity. Hence it is imperative to find new laboratories to test these theories and further our understanding of gravity. This is where pulsars, a special type of star, prove useful. Pulsars are remarkable laboratories in space. Observations of pulsars at radio wavelengths provide rare opportunities to understand how gravity works near strongly self-gravitating bodies, and provide clues on the state of matter at supra-nuclear densities. This provides important complementary knowledge to our understanding of gravity and nuclear physics compared to other experiments such as ground-based gravitational wave detectors. COMPACT is an ambitious project that aims to discover some of the most extreme classes of pulsar laboratories. The project will perform Petabyte-scale data acquisition and processing to search for two specific kinds of pulsars: (i) relativistic binary pulsars with orbital periods of just a few minutes to a few hours around other neutron stars, white dwarves or black holes and (ii) pulsars with extremely fast spin periods of the order of a millisecond or less. Even a single discovery of either class of pulsars has the potential to fundamentally change (or) solidify a huge range of poorly known physics from the internal composition of neutron stars, how they evolve in binaries, to our understanding of the effects of strongly gravitating bodies to the space-time in their vicinity. The survey also has immediate and profound implications for gravitational wave astronomy across multiple wavelengt

Mots-clés : neutron stars,pulsars,globular clusters,general relativity,high performance computing,radio telescopes,signal processing
Projet ERC : MACAUTH (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Study of the Human Past
Entité participante : Université nationale d'Irlande à Maynooth — Pays : Irlande — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : MU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 54250.0 €

The project aims to investigate a little-explored and usually neglected aspect of the Macedonian Question throughout the late nineteenth and most of the twentieth century: namely, the function of the Macedonian Question as a catalyst and a testing ground for the emergence, development and consolidation of authoritarian state policies on a nation-wide scale in all the Balkan nation-states involved. In other words, how the tools used by the rival nation states to extract national loyalty in late Ottoman Macedonia, where nation had been widely conceived first and foremost as a political party, were subsequently transformed into a far broader method of social and political control.  MACAUTH will examine the transfer of particular administrative practices of surveillance, control and political indoctrination, as well as state-sponsored violence and its ideological justification in the name of national expediency, from the initial field of their application in Ottoman and post-Ottoman Macedonia to the mainstream political and social life of Greece, Bulgaria and Serbia/Yugoslavia, as well as to the respective diasporic communities. The impact of the same heritage in Romania, Albania, the Ottoman Empire and its successor nation state, the Turkish Republic, will also be assessed. The research team consists of historians from all five Balkan countries which have been historically involved in the Macedonian conflict (Greece, North Macedonia, Bulgaria, Serbia and Romania), plus experts on Albania and the Ottoman Empire. It is composed of the PI, nine post-doctoral fellows and senior researchers, two research assistants and two PhD candidates with their supervisors. They will produce a main monograph, at least a thematic collective volume and 20 articles in peer-reviewed journals, two Ph.D. dissertations, three workshops, an international conference, a journalists’ conference for the dissemination of the project’s output and a website.

Mots-clés : macedonian question,balkan history,national identities,political surveillance
Projet ERC : GlycoX (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences
Entité participante : Société Max-Planck pour le développement des sciences — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Société Max Planck
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2000000.0 €

GlycoX aims to develop single molecule analytical methods to address the challenge of elucidating glycoconjugate structures. Glycoconjugates are glycans (a.k.a carbohydrates) that are attached to another biomolecules such as proteins or lipids. Glycoconjugates are essential to all living organisms, carrying out key cell-cell communication roles in immune system or in microbial infection. Glycoconjugates are found in all biological systems and yet, when compared to proteins or nucleotides, very little is known about their structures and how they lead to their biochemical properties or how they can be exploited in therapeutics. Efforts to reveal their structures by ensemble averaged approaches, whether primary structures (sequences) or secondary structures (conformations), have been severely hampered by the high complexity and flexibility of glycans.  GlycoX addresses this challenge by direct imaging of single glycoconjugate molecules, devoid of any ensemble averaging. To this end, glycoconjugate ions generated from electrospray ionization are soft landed on surface and imaged one-at-a-time by scanning probe microscopy in vacuo. The Project proposes the use of direct imaging (1) to identify the glycoforms of any glycoconjugates (i.e. variants of a specific glyconjugate that possess different glycan primary structures), (2) to sequence any glycan residues in any glycoconjugates, and (3) to determine the conformations of any glycoconjugates. The Project plans to focus on glycoconjugates that are intractable by present analytical methods, many of which are central in immune system, in microbial infection, and in emerging diagnostics, drugs, and vaccines. These works have far reaching impacts: shedding light into the language used by cells to communicate and by pathogens to infect; creating new opportunities in glycan-based therapeutics; as well as opening new frontiers in single molecule analytical chemistry of biomolecules.

Mots-clés : single molecule imaging,single molecule chemistry,single molecule sequencing
Projet ERC : PatentsInHumans (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Université nationale d'Irlande à Maynooth — Pays : Irlande — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : MU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499958.75 €

PatentsInHumans challenges the current marginalisation of bioethics in patent decision-making for technologies related to the human body. A patent gives a rightsholder the right to stop others using a patented technology. This allows them to control how that technology is provided, to whom, and on what terms. Where patents are for technologies related to the body, this control poses considerable bioethical issues because patents can affect how we treat, use and modify bodies. Yet patent systems generally do not engage with such implications. All patents are treated the same, regardless of the underlying technology i.e. a patent on an engine part is treated the same as a patent on a medicine, despite the significant effects the latter has for health. PatentsInHumans proposes that there is a self-reinforcing cycle where patents are granted even if bioethical implications are posed by patents over such technologies; that there are limited incentives for rightsholders to license patents in a way that addresses bioethical implications, and that patents, once granted, are difficult to challenge if bioethical issues arise. PatentsInHumans radically reconceptualises patents as governance devices over the body in such contexts. It proposes that when patents are applied for, the underlying technology’s relationship to the body must be considered. The project will therefore evaluate the bioethical implications that patents over such technologies have for how we treat, use, or modify our bodies. These implications must guide patent decision-making and the adoption of licensing or grant conditions that pre-empt bioethical issues. The project develops a cross disciplinary institutional analysis to evaluate key legal, structural and cultural barriers leading to the marginalisation of bioethics in patent decision-making, and to formulate pathways to bring bioethics into patent decision-making for technologies related to the body with important conceptual and policy implications

Mots-clés : patents and bioethics patents and morality biotechnology directive european patent exclusions