Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : UP-GREEN (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : TU Dresden — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TUD
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 150000.0 €

The possible utilization of graphene as key component in composites, energy storage and conversion devices is heavily hampered by the limited availability of high-quality graphene materials. The current graphene production methods, such as mechanical exfoliation, chemical vapor deposition and chemical oxidation and exfoliation, suffer from extremely low yield of product, limited scalability or a strong chemical oxidation by which a significant number of defects are irreversibly introduced to the graphene. Thereby, it is highly desirable to develop scalable and green preparation protocols for which the oxidation is reduced to a minimum but the production speed of graphene is still high. During the ERC 2DMATER project, we found that the electrochemical exfoliation of graphite is the ideal approach to serve this demand under optimized conditions. Here in this project, we will further develop a lab-scale equipment and process that will be able to produce high quality graphene powders and dispersions on a scale of 1 kg per day, starting from commercially available graphite sources, like graphite foils, rods and papers. We target at producing bulk graphene with electronic properties outperforming those generated by state-of-the-art wet chemistry protocols - but with reduced number of process steps. Moreover, the technologies gained in this project will be transferred towards cheaper raw materials where we aim for direct production of graphene flakes from unprocessed natural resources in cooperation with our industry partner that owns several high grade graphite deposits in Sweden. Eventually, the efficient upscaling of graphite exfoliation developed in this project will bridge the gap between current lab-scale graphene production methods and industry-relevant scales in the most economical way. This will finally pave the way towards the actual industrial application of graphene in a broad range of fields it has been envisioned for during the last decade.

Mots-clés : graphene,graphene production,electrochemical exfoliation,up scaling,energy storage and conversion
Projet ERC : INTERTRAP (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth system science
Entité participante : Babeș-Bolyai University — Pays : Roumanie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UBB
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1500000.0 €

The practice of tuning different climate proxies prevents the observation of regional response times of terrestrial archives to global changes. Thus, it is imperative to develop correlation protocols based on absolute chronologies. Loess-palaeosol deposits are continental archives of Quaternary paleoclimates and loess is generally considered an ideal material for the application of luminescence dating. The agreement obtained for 10-20 ka ages using different techniques has given us confidence in using the state of the art measurement protocols for young deposits, as confirmed by comparison with independent age control. INTERTRAP proposes detailed investigations of loess samples from three continents collected in close proximity to the transition to the recent soil, with the purpose of obtaining a temporal quantification of the ending of the Late Tardiglacial and the beginning of the Holocene. However, a series of recent luminescence investigations carried out on quartz of different grain sizes extracted from Romanian and Serbian loess yielded severe age discrepancies for ages >~40 ka. While the cause of this observation is hitherto not fully explained, our ongoing studies on Chinese loess prove that it is a general effect, potentially affecting deposits worldwide, and raising doubts on previous chronologies. Methodological studies within INTERTRAP will develop an integrated approach using optically stimulated luminescence, thermoluminescence and electron spin resonance investigations. This part of the study aims at unravelling the mechanism responsible for the observed discrepancies and developing innovative trapped charge dating measurement protocols based on quartz that will yield reliable ages for and beyond the last interglacial glacial cycle.

Mots-clés : optically stimulated luminescence dating  osl,thermoluminescence  tl,electron spin resonance  esr,quartz,loess
Projet ERC : GEOWAKI (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : Sorbonne Université — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Sorbonne U
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 841008.0 €

The present proposal is concerned with the analysis of geometric non-linear wave equations, such as the Einstein equations, as well as coupled systems of wave and kinetic equations such as the Vlasov-Maxwell and Einstein-Vlasov equations. We intend to pursue three main lines of research, each of them concerning major open problems in the field. I) The dynamics in a neighbourhood of the Anti-de-Sitter space with various boundary conditions. This is a fundamental open problem of mathematical physics which aims at understanding the stability or instability properties of one of the simplest solutions to the Einstein equations. On top of its intrinsic mathematical interest, this question is also at the heart of an intense research activity in the theoretical physics community. II) Non-linear systems of wave and kinetic equations. We have recently found out that the so-called vector field method of Klainerman, a fundamental tool in the study of quasilinear wave equations, in fact possesses a complete analogue in the case of kinetic transport equations. This opens the way to many new directions of research, with applications to several fundamental systems of kinetic theory, such as the Einstein-Vlasov or Vlasov-Maxwell systems, and creates a link between two areas of PDEs which have typically been studied via different methods. One of our objectives is to develop other potential links, such as a general analysis of null forms for relativistic kinetic equations. III) The Einstein equations with data on a compact manifold. The long time dynamics of solutions to the Einstein equations arising from initial data given on a compact manifold is still very poorly understood. In particular, there is still no known stable asymptotic regime for the Einstein equations with data given on a simple manifold such as the torus. We intend to establish the existence of such a stable asymptotic regime.

Mots-clés : non linear wave and kinetic equations,einstein equations,vlasov maxwell and einstein vlasov system,anti de sitter
Projet ERC : GraphInt (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer science and informatics
Entité participante : University of Fribourg — Pays : Suisse — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1998339.0 €

The present proposal tackles fundamental problems in data management, leveraging expressive, large-scale and heterogeneous graph structures in order to integrate both unstructured (e.g., text) and structured (e.g., relational) content. Integrating heterogeneous content has become a key hurdle in the deployment of Big Data applications, due to the meteoric rise of both machine and user-generated data storing information in a variety of formats. Traditional integration techniques cleaning up, fusing and then mapping heterogeneous data onto rigid abstractions fall short of accurately capturing the complexity and wild heterogeneity of today’s information. Having closely followed the emergence of heterogeneous information sources online, I am convinced that only an interdisciplinary approach drawing both from classical data management and from large-scale Web information processing techniques can solve the formidable data integration challenges that they pose. The following project proposes an ambitious overhaul of information integration techniques embracing the scale and heterogeneity of today’s data. I propose the use of expressive and heterogeneous graphs of entities to continuously and dynamically interrelate disparate pieces of content while capturing their idiosyncrasies. The following project focuses on three core issues related to large-scale and heterogeneous information graphs: i) the effective extraction of fined-grained information from unstructured sources and their proper integration into large-scale heterogeneous and probabilistic graphs, ii) the creation of novel physical storage structures and primitives to durably and efficiently manage the profusion of data considered by such graphs using clusters of commodity machines, and iii) the development of logical data abstraction mechanisms facilitating the effective and efficient resolution of complex analytic and data integration queries on top of the physical layer.

Mots-clés : graph data integration,emergent semantics
Projet ERC : CASTELLANY ACCOUNTS (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : Fundatia noua europa — Pays : Roumanie — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : Nec
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 170656.25 €

The present research project focuses on an unjustly neglected corpus of late-medieval sources, the administrative and fiscal accounts (‘computi’) of the castellanies – basic administrative units – of the county of Savoy. I propose a holistic model of analysis that can fully capitalise on the unusual wealth of detail of the Savoyard source material, in order to illuminate some key topics in late-medieval institutional and socio-economic history, from the development of state institutions through administrative and fiscal reform – with particular attention to the transition from personal to institutional accountability – to the question of socio-economic growth, decline, and recovery during the turbulent period of the late-thirteenth to the late-fourteenth century. More broadly, my research into these topics aims to contribute to our understanding of the late-medieval origins of European modernity. The advances of pragmatic literacy, record-keeping, and auditing practices will be analysed with the aid of anthropological and social scientific theories of practice. By comparing the Savoyard ‘computi’ with their sources of inspiration, from the Anglo-Norman pipe rolls to the Catalan fiscal records, the project aims to highlight the creative adaptation of imported administrative models, and thus to contribute to our knowledge of institutional transfers in European history. The project will develop an inclusive frame of analysis in which the ‘computi’ will be read against the evidence from enfeoffment charters, castellany surveys (‘extente’), and the records of direct taxation (‘subsidia’). The serial data will be analysed by building a database; the findings of quantitative analysis will be verified by case studies of the individuals and families (many from the middle social strata) that surface in the fiscal records.
Projet ERC : FutureTrophicFactors (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : University of Helsinki — Pays : Finlande — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UH
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1497597.0 €

The prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is growing rapidly due to an aging population and increased life expectancy. Current treatments for ALS and PD only relieve symptoms and cannot stop the progression of the disease, thus there is an urgent need for new therapies. Neurotrophic factors (NTFs) are secretary proteins that regulate the survival of neurons, neurite growth and branching. They have been explored as novel drugs for the treatment of ALS and PD but their efficacy in clinical trials is poor. CDNF is a protein with NTF properties that protects and restores the function of dopamine neurons in rodent and rhesus monkey toxin models of PD more effectively than other NTFs. CDNF is currently in phase 1/2 clinical trials on PD patients. Despite promising results with CDNF in animal models of PD, NTF and CDNF-based treatments have drawbacks. CDNF requires direct delivery to the brain through invasive surgery since, it cannot pass through the blood brain barrier (BBB). My recent discovery, however, may overcome this difficulty: I showed that a novel CDNF variant protects DA neurons in vitro and in vivo and that it efficiently enters DA neurons in culture. Furthermore, my data show the CDNF fragment can pass through the BBB as measured by 3 different methods and has a neurorestorative effect in a 6-OHDA toxin model of PD when administered subcutaneously. The ultimate goal of my research is to understand the mode of action and therapeutic effect of novel BBB penetrating CDNF-derived polypeptides in cultures of human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived nerve cells from patients and in animal models of ALS and PD. The innovative aspect of this proposal is the new groundbreaking concept for treating neurodegenerative diseases – peripheral delivery of BBB penetrating peptides with trophic factor properties and the potential to treat non-motor and motor symptoms in ALS and PD patients.

Mots-clés : amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,parkinson s disease  pd,6 ohda rat model of pd,alfa synuclein fibril model of pd,sod1 g93a,tdp 43,trophic factors,blood brain barrier
Projet ERC : ELEMENTS (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Universe sciences
Entité participante : Max Planck Society — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : MPG
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1367500.0 €

The primary goal of my proposal is to provide stringent observational constraints on the cosmic origins of elements heavier than iron and on the role of extreme objects in the evolution of the Milky Way. I will do this by employing abundances of different chemical elements for hundreds of thousands of stars from my high-resolution spectroscopic survey of the disk and bulge on the 4MOST instrument. These elements trace the production in a variety of extreme astrophysical sites: hydrostatic and explosive burning, s-process in asymptotic giant branch stars and in massive stars, r-process in compact binary mergers, neutrino-driven winds of core collapse supernovae, magnetars, and collapsars. I will use the novel Non-LTE models that I pioneered and successfully applied throughout my career to provide accurate and homogeneous chemical abundances of stars. I will quantify the trends of abundance ratios and their dispersions with metallicity, age, and location that will be directly compared with the predictions of Galactic chemical evolution models. My ERC project represents the first systematic investigation of s- and r-process nucleosynthesis in a large stellar sample. I will use the comprehensive maps of chemical enrichment to constrain the multimodality of the nuclear production sites, to confine the parameter space of stellar sources capable of hosting s- and r-process, and to test the role of these extreme events in the evolution of the Galaxy.

Mots-clés : radiative transfer,stellar spectroscopy,chemical abundances,stellar surveys,galaxy evolution,nucleosynthesis
Projet ERC : YORUBAPRINT (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : University of Amsterdam — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UvA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 177657.01 €

The print culture that Europe introduced to the world allowed other cultures to showcase their own modernity. Yoruba people use the words “olaju” (opening of the eye) and “ilosiwaju” (progress) to describe ideas around modernity. Both words have been in use before the arrival of the printing press in Africa, so therefore the idea of modernity for the Yoruba people did not emanate from the project of colonial modernity. There is no study yet that examined how networks of people with shared and sometimes diverged interests in journalism and literature managed to change the course of Yoruba and Nigerian history through the printing press. This project fills this research gap by looking at over 150 years of print culture in the Yoruba-speaking region of Nigeria, and its cross-cultural connections. It is important because of its articulation of the relationship between transcontinental print networks (between Lagos and London, for instance) and local contexts of production. It aims to uncover a robust history of West African engagements with modernity and the project can be a starting point for articulating Nigerian literary history. Working with local researchers and archivists, it will examine arguably the largest collection of rare samples ever undertaken by researchers working on print cultures in Nigeria. The methodologies will include network analysis, cultural criticism, media studies and political theory from a postcolonial perspective. Since these methodologies will produce data and literary theories - and display them on different platforms including social media and blogs - the final results will allow researchers and students from all over the world, to see the role that Yoruba print culture played in the World Republic of Letters. And as parts of the research materials are precarious and endangered, its final outcome will help to preserve knowledge about Yoruba modern history, which is currently in danger of being lost forever.

Mots-clés : yoruba culture,nigerian literature,african literature,yoruba cinema,yoruba religions,nigerian history
Projet ERC : TiNT (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : Dublin City University — Pays : Irlande — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : DCU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 112500.0 €

The problem this project addresses is that operative modes for interpreting the Greek New Testament (NT) rely upon critical editions, not manuscripts. NT editions are scholarly abstractions that focus on reconstructing an “original” text, and that fail to account for a rich manuscript tradition that preserves evidence for key disciplinary questions. Instead of asking how manuscripts help reconstruct a text, this project examines what manuscripts say about the ways the NT was interpreted by the communities that produced them. This is accomplished by comprehensively analysing the forms and wordings of the title preserved in all non-lectionary NT manuscripts (c. 3500). Titles are malleable paratexts that provide a substantive vector to rethink approaches to the NT by seriously considering contexts of production and interpretation ranging from 2rd century Egypt to modern Mt. Athos, moving beyond the 1st century Roman world. Titles demonstrate that material and paratextual variance in form and design are constitutive aspects of the NT. Adopting New Philology as a methodology, the project critiques dominant approaches by taking each manuscript seriously as evidence for specific reading events, using titles as primary evidence. Titular analysis informs a range of topics, including authorship, locales of production, contexts of use, bibliography, and literary interpretation. The NT is best understood as an omnibus of manuscripts that constitute specific reading events, reflecting the interpretations of the communities that used them. The NT has never been a single reconstructed text, but a collection of texts in specific material and paratextual contexts. Despite the value inherent in the manuscripts, scholarship has focused almost exclusively on the NT’s original context of composition. Resisting this trend, the project argues that titles are a rich resource for mapping the interpretation of the NT in contexts overlooked by critical scholarship: its own manuscript matrix.
Projet ERC : T2DCP (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : TU Dresden — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TUD
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2000000.0 €

The proceeding inexorable digitalisation of modern economics and society creates a steadily increasing demand on smart devices in the context of the industrial internet and the internet of things. To meet future requirements, organic electronics is a disruptive technology featuring low-cost, robust, lightweight, flexible and affordable devices based on organic small molecules and polymers. In contrast to the boosting development of linear conjugated polymers and their applications in organic electronics, the successive increase of dimensionality by connecting multiple strands towards two-dimensional (2D) conjugated polymers remains largely unexplored. In this project, we will develop unprecedented thiophene-based double- and triple-strand conjugated polymers to 2D conjugated polymers (T2DCPs) for organic electronics with tailorable electronic band gap at the molecular level for superior performance in terms of charge carrier mobility, and defect tolerance enabled by the increased dimensionality. In this respect, we aim to establish versatile but also reliable solution-based synthesis strategies (one-pot solvothermal, two-step metal-templating reaction and interfacial soft-templating route) employing thiophene monomers rendering T2DCPs with entirely C=C/Ar-Ar backbone. We will further establish ground-breaking one-pot synthesis of donor-acceptor type T2DCPs featuring lower band gap and unique charge transport behavior. By employing designed thiophene-based monomers and linkage topologies, we will accomplish optical and energy gap engineering, control of the molecular weight (or crystalline domain size), and conjugation channel densities. The consequence is that we will explore the key functions of this intriguing class of semiconducting polymers. As the key achievements, we expect to establish a novel solution-based chemistry, delineation of reliable structure-property relationships and superior device performance of T2DCPs for organic field effect transistors.

Mots-clés : two dimensional conjugated polymers,organic electronics,semiconducting polymers,2d materials