Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : SLaVEgents (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Study of the Human Past
Entité participante : Université d'Urbino « Carlo-Bo » — Pays : Italie — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 180000.0 €

SLaVEgents is an ambitious project focused on slave agency; it aims to explore how enslaved persons in antiquity actively shaped the societies they lived in. It will examine the multiple identities of enslaved persons, the communities and networks that they created or participated in, and how slave agency brought about major political, social, economic and cultural changes in the ancient world. By exploring the various forms of slave agency, SLaVEgents will offer a radically new perspective on antiquity from the point of view of history from below. The project moves beyond the usual focus on slavery in classical Greece and Roman Italy to offer a comprehensive examination of the history of enslaved persons across Western Eurasia and North Africa between 1000 BCE and 300 CE. SLaVEgents is the first project to examine together all ancient slaveries from Mesopotamia to the Atlantic, and include sources in the full range of ancient languages (Assyrian, Babylonian, Hebrew, Aramaic, Phoenician, Egyptian, Greek, Latin) and the relevant archaeological data. The research team – composed of the PI, eight senior researchers, seven post-doctoral researchers and three PhD candidates – will construct a large-scale digital prosopography of all attested ancient slaves which will include all relevant sources in the original and in English translation. The Linked Open Data created by the digital prosopography will enable new forms of quantitative and qualitative research and will make a significant contribution to Digital Humanities. The monograph and the two collective volumes of the project will offer an important step towards rewriting the history of antiquity with slaves at its centre. In addition, the project will deliver fifteen articles, three PhD dissertations, three workshops, one international conference and a website.

Mots-clés : slavery agency ancient history history from below mediterranean history ancient greece ancient rome history of the ancient near east ancient egypt ancient judaism
Projet ERC : CLOCKrisk (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention,  Diagnosis and T reatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : Mass General Brigham — Pays : Etats-Unis — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : PHS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 456173.75 €

Virtually every cell of our body follows the 24-hr ‘circadian’ rhythm of a hypothalamic master pacemaker that evolved in the natural light-dark cycle. Decoding this circadian clock culminated in the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2017 for the discovery of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm. It is now recognized that a strong, unperturbed circadian clock is a hallmark of healthy aging. The introduction of electric light, however, presents unique challenges: today, 20% of the global work force engages in alternate working hours associated with light in unnatural times. Increases in the risk of major chronic disease and mortality have been associated with night work. Further, night-activity is widespread also outside of work, implicating potential risk for many. This project targets the urgency of alleviating adverse health consequences of a perturbed clock. It does so by aiming to decipher individual risk and related mechanisms 1) using a cutting-edge multi-polygenic score approach; 2) employing transgenerational, deeply phenotyped cohort approaches; and 3) carrying out interventions using genetic risk stratification. This epidemiological project builds on pioneering work of the applicant who conducted the first prospective study to demonstrate significant health effects of chronic clock dysregulation, leading WHO to classify night work as a probable carcinogen. Using transdisciplinary approaches, she implemented field and genetic studies and developed circadian biomarkers, establishing the field circadian epidemiology. Tying the transformative body of her work together, she proposes to take the next ground-breaking leap: To 1) identify the night-active individual who develops disease, 2) profile mechanisms involved, and 3) optimize effectiveness of interventions to improve sleep and shift work disorder, facilitating immediate implementation of risk-based prevention strategies aimed at promoting healthy aging in spite of clock perturbations.
Projet ERC : HeartCORE (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing
Entité participante : Université de Florence — Pays : Italie — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 214015.0 €

Remodelling processes associated with genetic and non-genetic cardiac diseases can cause electrical conduction disturbances and arrhythmias. Current models used to predict functional alterations due to structural remodelling fail to accurately assess arrhythmogenic risk, mainly because they do not draw upon comprehensive functional and structural data and are typically based on low-resolution and non-integrated information. Here, I present HeartCORE, an interdisciplinary approach designed to establish a mechanistic relationship between electrophysiological dysfunction and structural alterations in an animal model that mimics human cardiac electrophysiology. Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts will first be electrically characterized in terms of conduction, repolarization properties, and arrhythmogenicity using a dual-wavelength panoramic optical mapping system that includes the transmural dimension. The hearts will then be transformed into well-preserved, fully transparent organs and imaged with a high-throughput light sheet mesoscope to reconstruct cardiac muscle organization and collagen deposits with micrometric resolution. Selected high-resolution immunohistochemistry images will be integrated with the structural data of each organ to develop a computational model of cardiac electrical activity and explore the possibility of reproducing in silico experimentally observed electrical behaviour. This methodology will be applied to investigate the impact of cardiac remodelling (including non-myocyte reorganization) on conduction disturbances and arrhythmogenesis in two distinct scenarios: generalized interstitial fibrosis in congenital hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and localized scarring in acquired myocardial infarction. HeartCORE aims to create a unifying model that integrates functional and structural data, enabling a comprehensive investigation of the morphological causes leading to electrical alterations and enhancing predictive concepts in arrhythmogenesis.

Mots-clés : cardiac electrophysiology arrhythmia cardiac fibrosis optical mapping mesoscopic imaging advanced microscopy computational cardiac electrophysiology
Projet ERC : ISM-FLOW (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Universe Sciences
Entité participante : Université de Vienne — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Uni Wien
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1919306.0 €

The current model for the structure of the local Milky Way is in crisis. Data from the ESA Gaia mission has overthrown the 150-year-old paradigm for the gas distribution in the local Milky Way, a 500 pc ring known as Gould’s Belt. In the newly emerging view, local star-forming regions are connected by lower-density gas. They are part of a new organizational unit: undulating, coherent, and linear Galactic-scale gas structures. What is the origin of these kpc-long structures, how do star-forming regions form and disperse inside them, and are they related to the traditional view of spiral arms?  Underpinning these questions lies a critical measurement currently beyond reach: tracing the gas flow in 3D. Gas flow is a fundamental physical property of the ISM. Knowing it is to know the past and future path of the gas in the Galaxy, measure momentum, and infer the external forces acting on the star-forming gas. Achieving this measurement for the local kpc would constitute a breakthrough in ISM, star formation, and spiral structure formation research. The goal of ISM-FLOW is to see the local Milky Way gas in 3D motion for the first time and make sense of it. The project will use a dedicated (and approved) large observational campaign in the near-infrared at ESO (VISIONS, PI: Alves) and upcoming ESA Gaia data. I have been developing new methods over the past decades to determine cloud distances, shapes, and motions using space and ground-based data and have proven feasibility. We will measure the local gas flow for the first time, derive the local molecular gas trajectory from the past and into the future (-20 to 20 Myr), and be in a position to make significant advances in the field and leave a legacy to the community. We will 1) characterize the newly discovered large-scale structures, 2) understand the formation and dispersal of giant molecular clouds and star formation regions, and 3) confront gas flow theories and the formation of spiral arms.
Projet ERC : NEREIDES (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Environmental B iology, Ecology  and E volution
Entité participante : Université de Vienne — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Uni Wien
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2841791.0 €

Export of organic matter produced in the sunlit surface waters into the ocean’s interior removes about one third of the anthropogenically produced carbon dioxide. The amount of organic matter sinking into the deep ocean, however, is not sufficient to support the carbon demand of the heterotrophic food web in the ocean’s interior as revealed by several studies. Consequently, the oceanic carbon budget cannot be closed. Recently, we identified a hitherto unrecognised non-sinking, non-living particulate organic matter (POM) pool in the dark ocean with rather stable concentrations throughout the water column. This particle pool has not yet been considered in the deep-sea carbon budgets. Its origin and fate remain enigmatic as well as its nutritional role for the deep-sea biota. We aim at deciphering the compositional differences between the sinking and non-sinking detrital POM and compare their properties with that of the dissolved organic matter using state-of-the-art methods including proteomics. Specific focus will also be put on the composition and activity of the particle-associated biota in the ocean’s interior. We will analyse, for the first time ever, the composition of the biota and the biogeochemistry of these two classes of detrital particles in the deep North Atlantic. The results of NEREIDES will help elucidating the origin and fate of these enigmatic suspended particles and allow testing a major unresolved aspect in deep-sea biogeochemistry, i.e., whether these suspended particles provide the missing carbon to resolve the current mismatch in our measurements between organic carbon supply and demand of the heterotrophic deep-sea biota. The obtained results will form the base to model the dynamics of the non-sinking particles in the ocean on a global scale. Thus, NEREIDES will fill a major knowledge gap in the oceanic carbon cycling.

Mots-clés : oceanic carbon cycling,marine snow,biological carbon pump
Projet ERC : ALPINNKONNECT (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Study of the Human Past
Entité participante : Université de Vienne — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Uni Wien
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2499921.0 €

ALPINNKONNECT centres on operating trans-European commercial traffic as engine and manifestation of eighteenth-century prosperity. The project focuses on the interplay of agents, material prerequisites and natural impacts along main Alpine transit routes, applying an approach of socio-material-natural interconnectedness. It advances the hypothesis that transportation required a broad participation to cope with the enormous efforts and provided an important source of income. Hence, seen through the lens of transit traffic, new light will be shed on local social fabrics. Among the key figures, ALPine INNKeepers acted as cONNECTing agents and inns operated as multipurpose hubs of transit traffic. Considering the fundamental importance of transit traffic, the fragmented and dated state of research is striking. ALPINNKONNECT breaks new ground by adopting approaches of New Materialism and a relational concept of logistics and infrastructure, focusing on innkeepers, hauliers, carters, raftsmen, muleteers and rod cooperatives as protagonists and integrating households, marriage, kinship, property and gender as factors in this economic key sector. The main goal is to arrive at a comprehensive and empirically verified understanding of the preconditions, processes, implications and dynamics of transit traffic and its changes. ALPINKONNECT argues that transit routes remained vital during the eighteenth century, not despite, but complementary to, the economic rise of north-western Europe and its maritime traffic. The principal research question is: how did the interplay between the different agents, the built materiality and Alpine nature work? How did the flows of goods, which accounted for a significant share of the early modern European economy, cross the continent on Alpine routes? How was their transit maintained, facilitated or hindered? ALPINNKONNECT proposes to reconceptualise social history by symmetrically linking historical anthropology with New Materialisms.

Mots-clés : socio material natural interconnectedness,historical anthropology,new materialisms,operating transportation,local participation,maintenance,administration,innkeepers,hauliers,cooperatives
Projet ERC : UltraWave (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Condensed Matter Physics
Entité participante : Université Grenoble Alpes — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UGA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 55346.5 €

A significant challenge in quantum nanoelectronics is accessing the internal characteristic timescales, typically a few picoseconds, that dictate the quantum dynamics of nanoelectronic quantum devices. These timescales are currently beyond our reach. If achieved, this will open new path for studying the dynamic aspects of quantum mechanics. ULTRAWAVE will overcome this challenge by leveraging advances in THz photon production and utilizing innovative photon-to-electron conversion devices to engineer THz electronic charge pulses for use in quantum nanoelectronics. We will integrate highly efficient photoconductive switches on-chip within a very low-temperature setup creating the first platform that merges time-resolved THz physics with milli Kelvin temperature. This breakthrough will enable us to achieve unprecedented time scales, granting access to the quantum regime of nanoelectronic conductors. We will develop a new quantum material platform for quantum nanoelectronics based on germanium heterostructures to elevate the field to unprecedented levels. The recently demonstrated exceptional quantum coherence properties of this material will enable us to develop the long-thought single-charge detector for propagating wave packets. Overall, ULTRAWAVE will establish a novel approach for performing in-flight quantum manipulations at unprecedented timescales, resulting in a major breakthrough in the study of quantum entanglement and introducing a new type of quantum information processing with propagating quantum states. The ability to reach these unprecedented timescales will pioneer a new area of research in quantum nanoelectronics for both fundamental science and applications in quantum technology.

Mots-clés : quantum nanoelectronics,entanglement,single electron detectors,quantum phenomena,quantum information and quantum technology,thz electronics,molecular beam epitaxy
Projet ERC : CRACK THE ROCK (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth System Science
Entité participante : Université Grenoble Alpes — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UGA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 101588.44 €

The general idea that a rock mass cracks when the external stress-loading exceeds the rock strength, leading to catastrophic failure (critical cracking), is challenged when considering outcrop erosion. Many observations in the field and the laboratory evidence slow, incremental crack developments well below the yield stress of the material, for which repetitive stress load and fatigue induce progressive failure, also called sub-critical cracking. It is largely accepted that the weather (temperature changes, rain, frost) is a major source of stress cycles and slow cumulative damage, but the literature shows too limited quantitative field observations to confirm the mechanics behind rock outcrop cracking. Today, we cannot predict rockfalls nor quantify the relation between daily or seasonal weather forcings to rock crack production. And yet, rock fracturing plays a leading role in most surface processes, from landscape building to vegetation, hydrology and natural hazard prediction. There is an urgent need to reveal the mechanics of sub-critical failure within rock outcrops. Fracturing processes initiate and develop at small scales (from the grain size to a few mm), and meteorological forcing evolve over daily to seasonal time scales, but existing field observation tools hardly meet these scales. In order to lift this issue, the project will deploy an original active multisensory acoustic imaging technique on natural rock outcrops, to map and monitor stress changes and crack production (in m2/m3/time) over timescales ranging from a few hours to a few months, with a centimetric spatial resolution and a stress sensitivity down to a few kPa. Stress will be deduced from acoustic waves, thanks to the acousto-elasticity principle, allowing us to determine the physics of sub-critical cracking of rock outcrops in their natural environment. This work will pave the way for predicting rockfalls and, further, the impact of climate change on rock erosion.

Mots-clés : rock mechanics,acoustics,erosion processes,fatigue,cracking,rock weathering,geomorphology
Projet ERC : DRIAD (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth System Science
Entité participante : Université technique du Danemark — Pays : Danemark — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : DTU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 3499625.0 €

Ability to quantify the mechanisms of organic molecule control on mineral behaviour would provide predictive ability, a key for solving the serious Earth science challenges society faces. This has been difficult because molecular scale processes are often beyond resolution limits but even tiny amounts of an organic compound can dramatically alter mineral properties. My overall objective is to gain previously inaccessible insight into the controls on dissolution and growth in the silicate system, with new, custom built instruments that "see" at scales ranging from atomic to macroscopic. My hypothesis is that - by learning from nature - we can develop a universal, conceptual framework for organic molecule activity and from that, tailor them to do as we wish. I chose silicates because basalt mineralises CO2, converting it effectively to carbonate phases, as the Iceland CarbFix method shows - but partly weathered, old, cold basalt is less reactive. My specific objective is to tailor organic molecules to enhance basalt dissolution and carbonate mineral growth, while inhibiting Al-silicates, especially clay and zeolites, which steal cations and block pores. DRIAD will: 1) develop mechanistic insight for controlling mineral-fluid interaction; 2) produce the first, systematic overview of silicate mineral dissolution, defining precise conditions for cation leaching or Al and Si solvation; 3) build a state-of-the-art laboratory for mechanistic studies of fluid-rock interaction at molecular scale and the first ever lab for 4D study of internal rock structure, during reaction, at nm to cm scale; 4) create a new paradigm in the climate change challenge - cheap, permanent CO2 mineralisation in old, cold basalts, globally. Even if only partly successful, the new, conceptual framework for organic-mineral interaction will change the game for solving challenges in geoscience and provide insight for medicine (bones, drug delivery) and advanced functional materials (designer crystals).

Mots-clés : mineralogy,geochemistry,mineral fluid interface reactivity,characterisation techniques,surface sceince
Projet ERC : FREJA (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Systems and Communication Engineering
Entité participante : Université technique du Danemark — Pays : Danemark — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : DTU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2556251.0 €

Oral delivery of protein/peptide drugs is extremely challenging and the majority of research in the field is based on exploring new formulations, for instance using permeation enhancers. In recent years, some research has been done on ingestible devices for internal injections. Here I propose an entirely new approach based on what we have named ‘Self-configurable, Proximity Enabling Devices’ (SPEDs). The idea is that these devices (the simplest ones will be rolled-up foils) will unfold in the gut, embed in the mucus layer and align to the intestinal wall. It is essential that the SPED has close proximity to the intestinal wall and is retained for a while in order to ensure efficient drug delivery. The proximity will additionally allow us to study and explore the influence of nanotextures (embedded in the SPED) on the interaction with the intestinal wall as well as micromotor-based delivery. The SPEDs will be developed and characterized with the following specific objectives: (i) understanding the SPED properties needed to penetrate mucus, (ii) investigating the mechanisms for enhanced retention time, (iii) exploring the SPED as a carrier for self-propelling cargo, (iv) unraveling the overall behaviour of SPED and (v) demonstrating anti-diabetic drug formulation delivery with at least 5 % systemic uptake and show feasibility of a wider range of applications (delivering/seeding e.g. peptide and proteins/vaccines/probiotics). The work will include simulations of soft materials, device design, micro/nano fabrication, development and use of techniques for mechanical characterisation of device/tissue interaction, bio imaging and in vitro and in vivo studies. The major novelty lies in the SPED concept, providing tissue alignment/contact and unidirectional drug release. Further, the SPEDs provide a unique platform for studies on micromotors as well as nanotextures interaction with the epithelium.

Mots-clés : polymer microfabrication,oral drug delivery,retention in the gut,devices for oral drug delivery,self configurable polymeric devices