Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : ENTRENCHED (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : Université de Cologne — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1614893.0 €

New democracies often inherit entrenched political or economic elites who retain substantial influence over policymaking. This project studies a number of systematic and idiosyncratic shocks to such elites and examines whether these critical junctures affect the persistence and decline of their economic and political power. It is pertinent to economists and political scientists and contributes to ongoing debates regarding social mobility and elite capture.  I propose to study these topics within the historical context of Prussia, where the landed nobility formed an entrenched elite wielding enormous power throughout the 19th century. In the 20th century, they faced substantial economic and political disruptions (disempowerment in a revolution, death in two world wars, and displacement from their estates), yet arguably remained highly influential.  I will create a novel panel dataset, digitized from primary and secondary sources, documenting ownership and size of the universe of ca. 22,000 large landed estates from 1871 to 1945. This core dataset will be augmented with individual-level data on incumbents in various non-elected offices in the public administration and archival data on social ties among the elite. In combination, these data enable the analysis of the social mobility and political influence of the landed elite with unprecedented detail, using institutional and idiosyncratic shocks to the elite for causal inference.  WP1 (disempowerment) studies the impact of democratic transitions, which entail a de facto decline in the political value of land ownership, on the social mobility and political power of the elite. WP 2 (death) studies how individual shocks—the death of a family member in military service—affect the social mobility and ability to shape the political process of the elite. WP3 (displacement) studies the role of social ties in the elite's social mobility and potential elite capture post-WWII, following their forced relocation to West Germany.

Mots-clés : elites,social mobility,elite capture,wealth
Projet ERC : SynLife (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : Université technique de Munich — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2289954.0 €

Life is a mystery, with questions about how it emerged and if it exists elsewhere. Synthetic life can bring us closer to answers to these millennia-old questions. It is also extremely powerful to evolve new materials and catalysts, similar to directed evolution with bacteria. It begs the question, can we synthesize life? SynLife aims to synthesize life from man-made molecules following NASA’s definition:Life is a self-sustaining system capable of Darwinian evolution. Chemically fueled droplets will be the self-sustaining compartments. These self-dividing droplets compete for fuel (i.e., food) to thrive and will decay without fuel. We will develop self-replicating molecules that can mutate and partition inside of these droplets, so the droplets obtain an identity. For example, a population of droplets with replicator A differs from a population with replicator B. Moreover, these replicators affect the droplet’s phenotype, for example, by helping division or by offering longevity. To date, the combination of self-sustaining droplets and replicators has never been achieved. Finally, populations of droplets compete with each other. In fueling-starvation experiments, it is expected that, from time to time, a droplet mutates into a better-suited one and passes this information on to the next generation. If we reach this ambitious goal, we have produced a synthetic system capable of Darwinian evolution. The results will mark a massive step forwards in our understanding of life. It also sheds new light on the molecular mechanisms that may have played a role in the origin of life. It will have implications for the biophysics community, too, as our findings help understand how additives to droplets affect their properties, just like in membraneless organelles. But, most excitingly, SynLife will change how we think of material design by introducing Darwinian evolution as a manufacturing tool.

Mots-clés : synthetic life
Projet ERC : SIQILLIYA (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Texts and Concepts
Entité participante : Université de Padoue — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UniPd
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1931221.0 €

Medieval Sicily occupies a crucial position in literary history: incorporating the three monotheistic traditions of Islam, Christianity and Judaism, it has a repertoire of texts in Arabic, Hebrew, Greek, Latin, and Romance. In the 13th century, Sicily was the protagonist in a pivotal event in world literature: the rise of the Italian lyric. This early Italian poetry was to influence Dante and Petrarch, as well as humanists and scholars throughout Europe until at least the 18th century. No study to date has been capable of addressing the poetry of medieval Sicily as a whole. Literary studies on Sicily have been compartmentalised according to disciplinary boundaries: a compartmentalisation which has hampered our understanding of the foundational role that Sicily's multicultural past played in literary history.  The proposed project aims to address the complexities of medieval Sicilian literature by studying the totality of the court poetry produced in Sicily in Arabic, Hebrew, Greek, Latin and Italian between the 10th and the 13th cc. The project thus promises to shed light on what amounts to a black hole in literary history: it will document over four centuries of cultural interactions, and allow us to fully assess the role of Sicily's many cultures in the rise of the Italian lyric.  Our team will collect all of the available evidence in an electronic corpus, to be published online under a Creative Commons licence, and then study it using the latest IT tools. Working across linguistic boundaries, our team will approach this poetic corpus as a whole, in order to reveal how the multiple linguistic traditions of medieval Sicily interacted with each other, shaping a unique "semiotic community" whose expressions were to contribute to the formation of Western culture.

Mots-clés : medieval sicily,arabic literature,hebrew literature,medieval latin literature,byzantine literature,medieval italian literature,transcultural medieval studies
Projet ERC : BREAKFREE-Sy (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention,  Diagnosis and T reatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : Fundacion fls de lucha contra elsida las enfermedades infecciosasy la promocion de la salud y laciencia — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : FLS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 748070.5 €

For over 50 years, the tools for diagnosing, preventing, and treating syphilis have seen minimal progress, partly due to limitations in bacterial cultivation. Existing tools were primarily drawn from research on early-stage syphilis and evidence extrapolated to severe forms of the infection, leaving important unmet needs like the lack of predictive markers for neurosyphilis and mother-to-child-transmission, limited evidence on treatments for these conditions, and challenges in monitoring treatment failure. This project aims to shift the paradigm by demonstrating that the diverse manifestations of syphilis are not merely random infections in different bodily compartments but are intricately linked to unique bacterial traits and host responses that necessitate specific tools. Our goal is to discover manifestation-specific biomarkers, repurpose antibiotics for tailored treatments, and pioneering TPA isolation methods for treatment monitoring. Taking advantage of a unique network of collaborators in areas with a high incidence of severe syphilis, I will examine how severe clinical manifestations relate to genomic variations in TPA strains and with host humoral responses. A groundbreaking pan-proteomic array will allow identifying markers linked to clinical phenotypes and it will open avenues for discovery of new antigens as vaccine candidates. Furthermore, I will exploit the established expertise of my team on drug repurposing and conducting randomized clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy of alternative antibiotics to cure patients with neurosyphilis and syphilis in pregnancy. Finally, I aim to pioneer methods for the first-time isolation of TPA from patient samples and conduct antimicrobial resistance testing in treatment failures. The resulting tools will be a tremendous resource for preventing adverse outcomes like neurological sequelae, stillbirth, congenital syphilis and treatment failure, especially in low-middle-income countries where most complications occur

Mots-clés : neurosyphilis strains,treponema neuroinvasive adhesin,treponema circulating strains genome,treponema deep proteome,congenital syphilis in the pacific,antibiotic resistant treponema pallidum treponema outer membrane proteins,
Projet ERC : RES-NOVA (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental Constituents of Matter
Entité participante : Université de Milan-Bicocca — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UniMiB
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2254755.0 €

One of the most energetic events in the Universe is the core-collapse Supernova (SN) where almost all the star's binding energy is released as neutrinos. These particles are direct probes of the processes occurring in the stellar core and provide unique insights into the gravitational collapse and the neutrino properties. Currently, astroparticle physics is in need of SN observations and of a detection technique highly sensitive to all neutrino flavors. RES-NOVA will revolutionize how we detect neutrinos from astrophysical sources by deploying the first array of cryogenic detectors made from archaeological Pb. Neutrino detection in RES-NOVA is facilitated by the newly discovered Coherent Elastic neutrino-Nucleus Scattering (CEvNS). It enables the first measurement of the full SN neutrino signal, eradicating the uncertainties related to flavor oscillations. To fully exploit the advantages of CEvNS, RES-NOVA ennobles Pb from being a passive shielding to the most sensitive detector component. Pb has the highest cross-section, 10^4 times higher than all used detection channels, enabling the deployment of a cm-scale neutrino observatory. The unconventional approach of RES-NOVA is to use ultra-pure archaeological Pb and run it as a cryogenic detector with low-energy threshold (<1 keV) and unprecedented background (<0.001 c/ton/keV/s). These features also open new opportunities in multi-messenger astronomy, Dark Matter, and neutrino property studies. The success of my pioneer work in operating archaeological Pb-based cryogenic detectors is pivotal for RES-NOVA realization. RES-NOVA will survey 90% of the potential galactic SNe, with only a total detector volume of (30 cm)^3. Future detector upgrades will enhance our SN-sensitivity into the uncharted territory >1 Mpc and increase the SN observation rate. RES-NOVA has the potential to lay the foundations for a future generation of European neutrino telescopes, as all its SN neutrino detectors are currently going offline.

Mots-clés : supernova,neutrino,cryogenic detectors
Projet ERC : SOLEMNE (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Study of the Human Past
Entité participante : Université Radboud de Nimègue — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1955000.0 €

SOLEMNE studies how ideas about social norms, expressed in works of canon law, spread throughout medieval Western Europe, using an innovative digital tool to analyse the transmission of combinations of authoritative statements in canonical collections.  Canonical collections are in essence compendia of rearranged ‘authoritative statements’ (canones) drawn from a large body of authoritative texts. As a genre that ‘intersects with every aspect of medieval life and society’ [Rennie, 2008], works of canon law, in varying degrees of sophistication, survive in a vast number of medieval manuscripts and address not only religious concerns, but also social, moral, political, and economic issues. SOLEMNE is built on the premise that it is through the (re)arrangement of authoritative statements that medieval scholars articulated the changing medieval attitudes about social norms and societal ideals.  SOLEMNE aims to be the first large-scale analysis of this dynamic process of appropriation and reorganisation of authoritative statements by developing a unique database and digital tool designed to identify and map the transmission of combinations of textual elements. Building on this innovative database, SOLEMNE will study three central phenomena: the medieval negotiation of canonical authority throughout the Middle Ages (approx. 500-1200 CE) to address individual objectives and specific contexts; the compositional strategies to communicate social norms and ideals; and the transmission of ideas through canon law.  In addition to the well-known ‘grand’ collections, SOLEMNE includes mostly overlooked canonical florilegia in its analysis, expanding the breadth of canonical studies. Through its open access online presence, SOLEMNE addresses the issue of the inaccessibility of canonical sources, while its interdisciplinary methodology offers a wide applicability in the study of legal, social, political, and intellectual history.

Mots-clés : medieval canon law transmission of ideas
Projet ERC : MiGEM (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and Processes Engineering
Entité participante : Université d'Auckland — Pays : Nouvelle-Zélande — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 295375.0 €

The MiGEM proposal targets one of the remaining grand challenges in biomechanics: the development of a comprehensive, inter-scale, thermodynamically and energetically coherent multiphysics model of gastrointestinal (GI) motility. Despite the importance of gastrointestinal disorders as a primary global health problem, electromechanical modelling of gastrointestinal motility still presents significant theoretical and experimental limitations compared to more advanced fields such as cardiovascular bioengineering. Technical difficulties exist due to the intrinsic multiscale nature of gastrointestinal tissues, the coupling of multiple cell types and roles, and the combination of electrical and mechanical phenomena involving different energetic mechanisms. MiGEM has the potential to unlock new frontiers in GI research, addressing several state-of-the-art problems in gastrointestinal motility and opening unprecedented opportunities in novel subject-specific therapies. By adopting a rigorous theoretical-experimental scientific approach, MiGEM will advance state-of-the-art gastrointestinal theoretical modelling and experimental measurements, unveiling fundamental energetic mechanisms that govern stomach and intestine motility in health and disease. MiGEM will enable the first calorimetric measurement of tissue sample from the GI tract and create a new path in biomechanical modelling by assimilating innovative data into multiscale thermodynamic models. The project will create a new network of scientists with complementary experimental and modelling skills, fostering cross-fertilization, providing senior-to-junior methodological transfer, and supporting gender balance. The scientific experience of the PI, the formal membership to the project of the ABI, University of Auckland, and the multiple scientific collaborations that the PI has engaged for many years will be the key elements to successfully carry out an ambitious and high-risk project.

Mots-clés : gastrointestinal motility multiscale and multiphysics electromechanics energetics heat production measurements theoretical and computational modelling
Projet ERC : HETEROCIRCAL (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Materials Engineering
Entité participante : Université de Leoben — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999989.0 €

A tenet in metallurgy is that the purer metals and alloys are, the better are their properties. However, as recycling in material production increases in importance, so do impurity levels. In aluminium the consequences are particularly harmful because the solubility of most elements in aluminium is very small, resulting in the formation of brittle intermetallic phases. Moreover, once impurities have entered aluminium, it is nearly impossible to remove them. The HETEROCIRCAL project aims to break the paradigm of „harmful“ impurities. HETEROCIRCAL’s main contribution will be to develop a new, ground-breaking class of upcycled materials that can tolerate high levels of impurities. We will achieve this goal by designing intermetallic phase containing heterostructured alloys where previously detrimental intermetallic phases become impurity sinks – sinks which also form a novel heterostructure which features an excellent trade-off between strength and ductility. Here we aim to reverse the common view of primary intermetallic phases in aluminium wrought alloys, and to extend their admitted volume fraction to unexplored regions. Our preliminary work gives evidence that structures with such properties are in fact possible. The main challenge will be to develop viable means of creating beneficial intermetallic phase heterostructures, that are applicable in large-scale. We will address it by manipulating intermetallic phases during solidification and solid-state processing and applying a high-throughput method. HETEROCIRCAL’s aim is also to gain insights into the formation of intermetallic phases at high resolution and their role in the novel heterostructures. The project will meet the enormous challenge of creating sustainable aluminium alloys for a future circular economy, and reduce both the need to dilute alloys with pure aluminium produced from natural resources and the continuous downcycling of alloys. HETEROCIRCAL will also advance European metallurgy in general.
Projet ERC : FinancialLives (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Soci al World and Its Interactions
Entité participante : Université de Bielefeld — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2422760.0 €

The rise of household financial activities such as mortgages, consumer credits and private insur-ance among working people in China, Vietnam and Laos signals new patterns of accumulation alongside the commodification of labour that has been central to their national development. In these market socialist countries, where marketization is deepening under the rule Communist par-ty states, governments are turning to financialization to ensure growth and fill the gaps of social provisioning. Via financial products and services, debt and private risk management are being promoted to working people as the means to wealth accumulation and social protection, drawing household reproduction into the financial system. Meanwhile, working households actively deploy risk management tools marketed by financial institutions for their own purposes, thereby playing a constitutive role in how financialization unfolds. Hypothetically, the ensuing normalisation of risk exposes working households to increasing systemic risk that characterises global finance, with far-reaching implications for the reproduction of working lives and the sustenance of the market socialist economy. Enquiring into household and institutional processes that bind labour and finance through the production, governance and management of risk, FinancialLives uses the concept politics of risk to comparatively unpack these implications across the three countries. As an anthropological project, it includes five ethnographic studies examining the household pro-cesses and negotiations referred to as financial householding as well as the practices of risk commodification by commercial banks in their interactions with working people. The project is timely and ground-breaking in illuminating the differing ways in which risk has become both a governing tool and a social practice under market socialism, with uneven possibilities and dangers for working people and the state.

Mots-clés : financilization,labour,risk,private risk management,governance,commodification,market socialism
Projet ERC : FAIRGAP (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Soci al World and Its Interactions
Entité participante : Université de Bielefeld — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999955.0 €

In the EU, addressing the gender pay gap, defined as the difference in earnings between men and women, is a significant policy challenge. Despite concerted efforts, this disparity persists, exhibiting noticeable differences across member states. Recent changes in the European labor market, such as the reduced role of unions and the shift towards individual pay negotiations, may amplify these disparities. Individual pay negotiations increase the responsibility of employees in determining their pay. Men typically achieve more favorable outcomes than women in these individual pay negotiations. Thus, the increasing prevalence of individual pay negotiations in Europe may lead to the widening of the gender pay gap. A vital aspect of this research is the focus on fairness norms in pay negotiations and their impact on the gender pay gap. Prior research reveals that perceptions of pay fairness are often subconsciously skewed against women. This project explores under what conditions pay fairness attitudes develop a gender bias and how they subsequently influence the outcomes of pay negotiations. To investigate this, I will conduct unique surveys across selected European countries, examining the origins of gender-biased fairness attitudes and their effect on negotiation behaviors and the gender pay gap. These surveys will incorporate experimental elements to assess causal relationships. By integrating these empirical studies within a unified theoretical framework, the project seeks to offer a comprehensive understanding of gender biases in pay negotiations and their broader implications for the labor market. In sum, this project tackles a vital gap in our knowledge regarding the gender pay gap, focusing on the influence of fairness norms in wage negotiations. It represents a critical advancement in labor market research and holds the potential to guide future policies aimed at reducing gender inequalities in the workplace.

Mots-clés : pay fairness,justice,pay negotiations,gender bias,europe