Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : SWFsEUROPE (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Maastricht University — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UM
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1414722.0 €

The number and size of sovereign wealth funds (SWF) has grown substantially in the last decade, leading to an unsettled debate regarding their legitimacy in the global political economy. Some suggest they represent the (re)emergence of state-led capitalism subject to geopolitical motivations that threaten free markets. For others, SWFs represent a source of long-term patient capital capable of mitigating market short-termism. Either way, SWFs challenge the norm, particularly in the West, that financial markets are spaces of exchange for non-state actors. In three complementary and interdisciplinary work programmes the SWFsEUROPE project will explain the evolving and variegated pattern of ‘sovereign fund capitalism’ in Europe, developing a new theory of the relationship between states and global finance. First, the project breaks new ground by explaining and theorizing how the legitimacy of SWFs as commercially oriented investors is performed when they are still entities of the state. No study has critically examined how legitimacy is performed via mechanisms such as the International Forum of Sovereign Wealth Funds and the Santiago Principles, or the growing evidence of collaboration with cognate institutional investors (e.g. pension funds). Second, this projects seeks a multi-layered explanation of the uneven pattern of investment flows and stocks of foreign SWFs into European countries through hypothesis testing of aggregate investment data with different theories of national-institutional variety, coupled with a comparative analysis of the bilateral investment-promotion relationships of investment-receiving countries. Third, the project will compare the growth and development of European SWFs. There is no comparative study exploring why some states are sponsors of an SWF (e.g. Italy, France, Ireland) and others are not (e.g. UK), what the motivations are and how they are made legitimate.
Projet ERC : SECRETE-HF (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : University Medical Center Groningen — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UMCG
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1567112.94 €

The objective of SECRETE-HF is to demonstrate the effects of secreted factors from failing hearts to explain the etiology of multimorbidity in heart failure (HF). The project focuses on two co-morbid patterns: 1) the emerging susceptibility of HF patients for incident cancer, 2) the more established co-morbid conditions of renal, liver and pulmonary disease in HF. The rationale is: • HF treatment has improved, yet morbidity and mortality remain high, which can be attributed to co-morbid conditions rather than pump failure alone. • HF treatment is heart-oriented, neglecting the systemic effects that come with HF, and the associated morbidity and mortality. • Using innovative experimental approaches such as organ transplant models, target finding, and deep phenotyping of clinical databases I will dissect HF-derived effects on tumor growth and organ damage. OBJECTIVES 1. To establish the effects of HF, due to different etiologies, using the state-of-the-art heart transplantation murine model with (spontaneous) formation of colon and renal tumors, and phenotype tumor growth, as well as the main HF-affected organs: kidney, liver and lungs. 2. Identification of the cardiac secretome using unbiased approaches. 3. Integrate the results and identify overlapping and diverse factors from different HF forms, and their consequences for tumor growth and kidney/liver/lung remodeling. 4. Validate discoveries in human cohorts with data on incident HF, cancer and organ function. 5. Create clinical algorithms to detect, monitor and act on extra-cardiac disease. WORKPACKAGES WP 1: Create HF, murine heart transplantation models; phenotype tumor growth and organ involvement. WP 2: Explore the proteomic, metabolomic and extracellular vesicle profiles from HF subforms. WP 3: Validate secreted factors in vitro and in vivo. WP 4: Validate human relevance in large population-based cohorts with unique phenotyping. WP 5: Describe added value of novel markers and design clinical

Mots-clés : aetiology,diagnosis and treatment,epidemiology,cross disciplinary
Projet ERC : VHIALab (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies du numérique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Inria
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 149866.0 €

The objective of VHIALab is the development and commercialization of software packages enabling a robot companion to robustly interact with multiple users. VHIALab builds on the scientific findings of ERC VHIA (February 2014 - January 2019). Solving the problems of audio-visual analysis and interaction opens the door to multi-party and multi-modal human-robot interaction (HRI). In contrast to well investigated single-user spoken dialog systems, these problems are extremely challenging because of noise, interferences and reverberation present in far-field acoustic signals, overlap of speech signals from two or more different speakers, visual clutter due to complex situations, people appearing and disappearing over time, speakers turning their faces away from the robot, etc. For these reasons, today's companion robots have extremely limited capacities to naturally interact with a group of people. Current vision and speech technologies only enable single-user face-to-face interaction with a robot, benefitting from recent advances in speech recognition, face recognition, and lip reading based on close-field microphones and cameras facing the user. As a consequence, although companion robots have an enormous commercialization potential, they are not yet available on the consumer market. The goal of VHIALab is to further reduce the gap between VHIA's research activities and the commercialization of companion robots with HRI capabilities. We propose to concentrate onto the problem of audio-visual detection and tracking of several speakers, to develop an associated software platform, to interface this software with a commercially available companion robot, and to demonstrate the project achievements based on challenging practical scenarios.

Mots-clés : human robot interaction,computer vision,audio signal processing,audio visual fusion,companion robots
Projet ERC : FADAMS (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer science and informatics
Entité participante : University of Oxford — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 954079.29 €

The objective of this project is to investigate scalability questions arising with a new wave of smart relational data management systems that integrate analytics and query processing. These questions will be addressed by a fundamental shift from centralized processing on tabular data representation, as supported by traditional systems and analytics software packages, to distributed and approximate processing on factorized data representation. Factorized representations exploit algebraic properties of relational algebra and the structure of queries and analytics to achieve radically better data compression than generic compression schemes, while at the same time allowing processing in the compressed domain. They can effectively boost the performance of relational processing by avoiding redundant computation in the one-server setting, yet they can also be naturally exploited for approximate and distributed processing. Large relations can be approximated by their subsets and supersets, i.e., lower and upper bounds, that factorize much better than the relations themselves. Factorizing relations, which represent intermediate results shuffled between servers in distributed processing, can effectively reduce the communication cost and improve the latency of the system. The key deliverables will be novel algorithms that combine distribution, approximation, and factorization for computing mixed loads of queries and predictive and descriptive analytics on large-scale data. This research will result in fundamental theoretical contributions, such as complexity results for large-scale processing and tractable algorithms, and also in a scalable factorized data management system that will exploit these theoretical insights. We will collaborate with industrial partners, who are committed to assist in providing datasets and realistic workloads, infrastructure for large-scale distributed systems, and support for transferring the products of the research to industrial users.

Mots-clés : database theory,distributed query processing,approximate query processing,structural compression,in database analytics
Projet ERC : MIGRADEMO (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Autonomous University of Barcelona — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UAB
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1451264.0 €

The objective of this project is to unravel the impact of migration on democratic participation and processes in countries of origin. Both international migration and democratic development are important contemporary public and policy concerns. Recent studies of transnational migrant practices have uncovered how migrants influence democratic participation in their homelands through the remittance of money and newfound ideas about democracy from afar or through return. Yet, there is still little comparative knowledge of how these processes intersect with broader economic, social and political transformations in countries of origin. Moreover, complex migration experiences and nonlinear processes of democratization in countries of origin point to the need for a more nuanced conceptualization of what kind of political ideas circulate and are negotiated among migrants, return migrants and non-migrants in countries of origin. The proposed project outlines an ambitious long-term comparative research strategy to analyse and theorize the scope and dynamics of processes of democratic diffusion through migration. The research strategy of the project is innovative in combining analysis of democratic diffusion across three countries of origin and at three levels of democratic participation and processes: individual citizens, civil society and among political leaders and representatives. To that end the project draws on both statistical and qualitative research methods and analysis. The project will analyse already existing aggregate data on remittances and political behaviour and, importantly, generate new comprehensive datasets based on surveys and in-depth qualitative research among non-migrants and returnees in countries of origin. Consequently, the project will contribute to our theoretical understanding of the conditions under which migration can influence democratic processes as well as the broader research fields of democracy studies, migration and citizenship.

Mots-clés : migration,migrant transnational practices,democratic diffusion,political participation,civil society,economic remittances,social remittances,political elite
Projet ERC : URDNA (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions
Entité participante : Max Planck Society — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : MPG
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1500000.0 €

The objective of this proposal is to define the molecular basis behind the origin and protection of unstable repetitive DNA sequences during sexual reproduction. Eukaryotic genomes contain large amounts of repetitive elements that serve vital roles in cellular physiology. However, repetitive elements are intrinsically unstable, which is caused by a high likelihood for incorrect repair when DNA breaks form within repetitive elements. During sexual reproduction, numerous DNA breaks are actively introduced into the genome, and repetitive sequences particularly threaten genome stability during this specialized developmental program. We will use the repetitive budding yeast ribosomal (r)DNA array as a model locus to study repetitive DNA instability. Our previous work showed that the outermost elements of this large repetitive array (i.e. rDNA array boundaries) are DNA break ‘fragile sites’, which attract DNA breaks during sexual reproduction. Importantly, we isolated the first known enzymatic ‘anti-DNA break’ system, which minimizes DNA break formation at rDNA array boundaries and as such is crucially required to maintain genome stability. In the experiments outlined here, we will use a combination of genomics, molecular biology and biochemistry to: 1) Interrogate the origins of the vulnerability of the repetitive rDNA boundaries for DNA breaks, and 2) Define how a first-in-class ‘anti-DNA break’ system locally protects against DNA break formation. These studies will serve as a paradigm for repetitive DNA instability, yielding major insights into the general principles that govern protection of vulnerable genomic elements during sexual reproduction. It is well established that incorrect repair of DNA breaks involving repetitive sequences during sexual reproduction causes a myriad of human congenital disorders. Therefore, we foresee that insights gained from this work have the potential to help us understand the aetiology of human genetic disease.

Mots-clés : meiosis,genome stability,dna double strand breaks,recombination,aaa  atpase,sexual reproduction,repetitive dna,cell division,evolution
Projet ERC : CSG (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : Tel Aviv University — Pays : Israël — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : TAU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1251282.0 €

The objective of this proposal is to study "continuous" (or C^0) objects, as well as C^0 properties of smooth objects, in the field of symplectic geometry and topology. C^0 symplectic geometry has seen spectacular progress in recent years, drawing attention of mathematicians from various background. The proposed study aims to discover new fascinating C^0 phenomena in symplectic geometry. One circle of questions concerns symplectic and Hamiltonian homeomorphisms. Recent studies indicate that these objects possess both rigidity and flexibility, appearing in surprising and counter-intuitive ways. Our understanding of symplectic and Hamiltonian homeomorphisms is far from being satisfactory, and here we intend to study questions related to action of symplectic homeomorphisms on submanifolds. Some other questions are about Hamiltonian homeomorphisms in relation to the celebrated Arnold conjecture. The PI suggests to study spectral invariants of continuous Hamiltonian flows, which allow to formulate the C^0 Arnold conjecture in higher dimensions. Another central problem that the PI will work on is the C^0 flux conjecture. A second circle of questions is about the Poisson bracket operator, and its functional-theoretic properties. The first question concerns the lower bound for the Poisson bracket invariant of a cover, conjectured by L. Polterovich who indicated relations between this problem and quantum mechanics. Another direction aims to study the C^0 rigidity versus flexibility of the L_p norm of the Poisson bracket. Despite a recent progress in dimension two showing rigidity, very little is known in higher dimensions. The PI proposes to use combination of tools from topology and from hard analysis in order to address this question, whose solution will be a big step towards understanding functional-theoretic properties of the Poisson bracket operator.

Mots-clés : c 0 symplectic geometry,continuous hamiltonian flow,symplectic and hamiltonian homeomorphisms,c 0 flux conjecture,c 0 rigidity,robustness of the poisson bracket,poisson bracket invariants
Projet ERC : PRISTINE (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth system science
Entité participante : Institut de physique du globe — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : IPG de Paris
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1323704.35 €

The objectives of this proposal, PRISTINE (high PRecision ISotopic measurements of heavy elements in extra-Terrestrial materials: origIN and age of the solar system volatile Element depletion), are to develop new cutting edge high precision isotopic measurements to understand the origin of the Earth, Moon and solar system volatile elements and link their relative depletion in the different planets to their formation mechanism. In addition, the understanding of the origin of the volatile elements will have direct consequences for the understanding of the origin of the Earth’s water. To that end, we will approach the problem from two angles: 1) Develop and use novel stable isotope systems for volatile elements (e.g. Zn, Ga, Cu, and Rb) in terrestrial, lunar and meteoritic materials to constrain the origin of solar system’s volatile element depletion 2) Determine the age of the volatile element depletion by using a novel and original approach: calculate the original Rb/Sr ratio of the Solar Nebula by measuring the isotopic composition of the Sun with respect to Sr via the isotopic composition of solar wind implanted in lunar soil grains. The stable isotope composition (goal #1) will give us new constraints on the mechanisms (e.g. evaporation following a giant impact or incomplete condensation) that have shaped the abundances of the volatile elements in terrestrial planets, while the timing (goal #2) will be used to differentiate between nebular events (early) from planetary events (late). These new results will have major implications on our understanding of the origin of the Earth and of the Moon, and they will be used to test the giant impact hypothesis of the Moon and the origin of the Earth’s water.

Mots-clés : cosmochemistry,meteorites,origin of the earth,the moon
Projet ERC : HUCO (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : University of Kassel — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1500000.0 €

The objectives of this research are to reveal the nature of large-scale human cooperation and to develop strategies for the protection of our global environment. Human activities are now the major driver of change in the biosphere, including the climate, the water cycle, and the distribution of species and biodiversity – with adverse effects that range from the local to the global scale. Since there is no world government that can enforce the protection of the global commons we have to rely on voluntary cooperation by sovereign actors. Previous findings from various disciplines have taught us important lessons about the nature of human cooperation. However, these literatures have almost exclusively focused on local or regional cooperation problems and their findings cannot be readily transferred to the international level. The research proposed here will fill this crucial gap. The methodological approach is genuinely interdisciplinary. In particular, the project will use and combine theoretical, experimental, evolutionary, and empirical methods. The interdisciplinary research team will start by analyzing case studies of international cooperation (or lack thereof). In an iterative process, the case-specific results will be explored in a rigorous context-free analysis using theoretical modeling, experiments, and simulations. With this, the project will: systematically analyze human cooperation from the local to the global scale and the differences between those scales; investigate which institutional arrangements enhance or prevent cooperative behavior at the global level; investigate whether individuals and groups are able to choose the right institutions and which factors determine their choice; synthesize the results to derive theoretical and practical insights about human cooperation and develop effective strategies for the management of the global commons; bring forward the integration of concepts and methods across disciplines for the study of human cooperation.

Mots-clés : human cooperation,global public goods,international environmental agreements
Projet ERC : TERIFIC (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth system science
Entité participante : Universität Hamburg — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UHH
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 715149.11 €

The ocean Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) is responsible for poleward heat transport, and deep storage of heat and carbon. Climate models generally predict that a slowdown of the MOC will occur this century, with dramatic regional and global climate changes, but how the slowdown will occur is subject to debate. It is widely recognised that convection -- the downward limb of the MOC -- is sensitive to freshwater fluxes, and recent investigations have suggested that the increased melt from the Greenland Ice Sheet has already reduced convection. Yet in 2015, convection returned, and was anomalously strong. Despite the expectation that the MOC is sensitive to freshwater forcing, we do not understand the processes by which freshwater inputs influence the MOC. The two key gaps in our understanding are: how freshwater reaches the regions of deep convection, and the relative importance of freshwater to convection and restratification. Numerical simulations give conflicting results on freshwater pathways, and convective parameterisations neglect small-scale restratifying processes. Traditional observational approaches cannot capture the spatial and temporal variability of these processes without inordinate cost. TERIFIC addresses these gaps in understanding through new observations, leveraging recent advances in small-scale electronics to deploy large numbers of mini-drifters on the shelves of Greenland, and employing subsurface and surface autonomous platforms to characterise the balance of processes controlling convection and restratification. The analysis of these observations will answer fundamental questions about how freshwater reaches and affects the regions of deep convection, and enable a critical ground truth of numerical simulations of these processes for climate models.

Mots-clés : deep convection,meridional overturning circulation,freshwater fluxes,greenland ice sheet,autonomous underwater vehicles,ocean surface drifters