Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : CoSense4Climate (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth System Science
Entité participante : Université technique de Munich — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999848.0 €

Climate change is a defining issue of our time. Without significant, rapid greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions, we will face unpredictable consequences for climate and life. To effectively reduce GHGs, the emissions must be accurately quantified and unknown emitters found. However, measuring global GHG emissions is very challenging, and hence current emission inventories rely mostly on bottom-up calculations, which lack accuracy and the ability to detect unknown sources. In CoSense4Climate, I will use the powerful mathematical theory of compressed sensing (CS) to revolutionize atmospheric inversion. My goal is to develop a method to locate, quantify, and attribute GHG emitters with unmatched spatial resolution and accuracy. CS has been used with great success in signal and image processing by taking advantage of the fact that most signals contain redundancies. Using CS in combination with domain transformations, I will generate accurate high resolution emission fields and reveal unknown sources, yet require less data than conventional methods. I will develop a CS inversion framework not only for local sensor data, but also for satellite data, which, upon success, will lead to a breakthrough in monitoring urban GHG emissions globally. I am best suited to reach this goal. I have gathered a unique dataset with my fully automated differential column GHG network MUCCnet, the first of its kind. With my rich experience in applying computational fluid dynamics (CFD), solar-induced fluorescence (SIF), and machine learning (ML) for estimating GHG emissions, I will additionally create a high-resolution CFD-based atmospheric transport model, a satellite SIF-based urban CO2 biogenic flux model, and a ML method for source attribution based on ratios of GHG and air pollutant concentrations. CoSense4Climate will establish a new standard for GHG emission monitoring, and provide ground-breaking scientific methods to help solve one of today’s most urgent problem: climate change.

Mots-clés : atmospheric science,urban greenhouse gas emissions,compressed sensing,computational fluid dynamics,solar induced fluorescence,machine learning,sensor network,atmospheric measurements,atmospheric inverse modeling,atmospheric transport modeling,biogenic fluxes,particle dispersion modeling,ground based remote sensing,satellite remote sensing
Projet ERC : QMAG (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Systems and Communication Engineering
Entité participante : Université hébraïque de Jérusalem — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : HUJI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2565578.0 €

Over the past several decades, the microelectronics industry has revolutionized nearly every aspect of our lives. The ever-growing need for faster and more efficient devices, recently emphasized by the extreme computing requirements of artificial intelligence techniques, is pushing traditional device architectures to their limits, prompting the search for novel physical realization of such devices. Currently, the most promising approach involves magnetic materials, as can be witnessed through the recent advent of magnetic memories as well as development of logic devices based on hybrid electronic/magnetic structures and the flow of magnetic charge, referred to as “spintronics”.  Despite the tremendous progress achieved, the field of spintronics is held back by both fundamental and practical open questions related to issues such as magnetization switching and excitation dynamics, effects of magnetic and topological defects, and local conductance properties of magnetic devices. A major obstacle encountered in addressing these important open questions stems from limited measurement and characterization techniques – high-resolution sensing of dynamic response and conductance cannot be achieved with existing near-field tools.  I propose a new kind of microscope: a far-field super-resolution magnetic correlation microscopy platform. Building upon progress in the field of magnetic microscopy using defects in diamond, including our recent results studying chiral-magnetic hybrid devices, this unique platform will constitute a leap forward over state-of-the-art magnetic sensing techniques. It will enable for the first time local nanometer scale magnetic correlation data unattainable by other means. I will employ these ground-breaking capabilities to reveal the dynamics related to excitation creation and control in 2D magnetic materials and current/spin conductance, leading to breakthrough magnetic device architectures.

Mots-clés : magnetic microscopy with defects in diamond,magnetic correlation microscopy,hybrid electronic magnetic devices,magnetic memories and switches
Projet ERC : TransRein (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Study of the Human Past
Entité participante : Université suédoise des sciences agricoles — Pays : Suède — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : SLU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1989816.0 €

Aboriginal societies around the world have independently transitioned their production mode. In northern Eurasia, the transition manifested itself in a movement away from transport reindeer herding towards reindeer pastoralism from the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries. Although this was one of the most significant changes affecting circumpolar people across the region, much remains unknown about the drivers of this transition, and even less about its consequences for indigenous governance and social relations. Northern Fennoscandia was one of the first regions to witness the transition, and the indigenous Sami of northern Sweden are an especially suitable case for addressing these gaps.  The historical sources are exceptionally rich and Sami are a very interesting case because reindeer pastoralism developed in a foraging culture, with many households continuing as hunters and fishers even after the transition dominated society. A central assumption is that the transition to reindeer pastoralism was induced by market opportunities. TransRein builds on the hypothesis that the transition of these societies was driven by concomitant, self-governed responses as the transition progressed and will advance research about indigenous reindeer-herding societies beyond the state of the art by pursuing the following three objectives.  1. Create a detailed depiction of the transition from transport reindeer herding to reindeer pastoralism among indigenous Sami, focusing on governance of natural resources and—for the first time—its effect on social relations, and significantly deepen our understanding of indigenous governance, 1550–1800. 2. Identify common forces behind the transition through comparisons with other reindeer-herding societies in Eurasia that underwent the same transition. 3. Place the transition in two wider contexts; the transitions from foraging economies to pastoralism in other societies, and the transition in a European context of early modern agrarian change.

Mots-clés : sami,pastoralism,reindeer,aboriginal,indigenous,common pool resources,social ecological systems,agricultural history,eurasia,foraging,early modern,fennoscandia
Projet ERC : BrcaSCope (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing
Entité participante : Institut Weizmann — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : WIS
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2000000.0 €

Tumors are ecosystems in which cancer cells interact with diverse cell populations. In each such ecosystem, environmental conditions, cellular compositions and paracrine signaling create a distinct tumor habitat. How much the composition of the habitat is dictated by the organ versus specific mutations in the cancer cells is unknown. If different organs and mutations have common microenvironmental design principles, one could devise more general therapy. Otherwise, therapy must be mutation and organ specific. To approach this, we will focus on major cancer mutations – in BRCA1/2 – and on the four organs where BRCA mutations drive cancer: breast, ovary, pancreas and prostate. We will dissect microenvironments of BRCA-driven cancers in these organs using a wide arsenal of imaging, sequencing, and molecular tools, building on our recent discovery of distinct cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) compositions in BRCA-mutated breast cancer. To untangle complexity, we will establish a new approach to calibrate mathematical models on ex-vivo cocultures, and use it to identify testable targets. First, we will define the configuration of CAF subsets in the four organs, comparing BRCA-mutated to BRCA-WT human tumors (Aim 1). To unravel signaling loops common and different between organs, we will explore fibroblast dynamics in normal tissues and their diseased counterparts by ex-vivo cocultures and mathematical modeling (Aim 2). We will leverage this knowledge to design CAF inhibitors and combine them with BRCA-specific therapies in cocultures and preclinical models, to address a major unmet clinical need to exploit CAF vulnerabilities for cancer therapy (Aim 3). This program provides a conceptual paradigm for understanding the principles of tumor microenvironment habitats, using BRCA as a testcase and four organs of clinical interest as model systems. This paradigm will be directly applicable to the major mutation classes and organ environments of cancer.

Mots-clés : tumor microenvironment,cancer associated fibroblasts,tumor heterogeneity,extracellular matrix,brca1 2,multiplexed immunofluorescent imaging,image analysis,breast cancer,ovarian cancer,pancreatic cancer,prostate cancer,single cell rna sequencing,transcriptional profiling,cancer therapy,parp inhibitors
Projet ERC : ProACCT (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Integrative B iology : from Genes and Genomes to S ystems
Entité participante : Institut Weizmann — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : WIS
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2000000.0 €

Cancer is an enormous biomedical challenge, in part due to the complexity of cancer cell dynamics. The combination of intrinsic genetic alterations and cues from the tumour microenvironment impact the cancer phenotype and create heterogeneous tumours that evolve in space and time. Cancer cells develop distinct phenotypes in diverse tumour regions and different metastatic locations. In addition, cancer progression, metastatic dissemination, and development of therapeutic resistance affect cellular interactions over time. Therefore, understanding tumour dynamics is critical for the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Although tumour heterogeneity has been thoroughly investigated at the genomic and transcriptomic levels, limited studies have investigated heterogeneity at the proteomic level. Changes in protein expression are central determinants of cancer phenotypes; developing a detailed understanding of proteome dynamics would be an enormous scientific advancement in the cancer field. However, technological challenges, and specifically, the challenge of analysing single cells and small groups of cells, have delayed progress along these lines. Here, I propose to combine my cutting-edge clinical proteomic expertise and extensive experience in cancer biology to study the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of cancer at the proteomic level. We will push the boundaries of the technology towards assaying thousands of proteins from single cells and small groups of cells from in-vivo samples. We will combine microfluidic probe technology to map primary tumors and metastases at high spatial resolution, and study mouse models of melanoma and breast cancer to follow temporal changes in metastatic growth and treatment response. This breakthrough in proteomic analysis of cancer dynamics will provide the basis for targeting treatment-resistant metastatic cell populations towards advanced personalized treatment.

Mots-clés : mass spectrometry based proteomics,cancer proteomics,clinical proteomics
Projet ERC : Cancer_Deg (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Integrative B iology : from Genes and Genomes to S ystems
Entité participante : Institut Weizmann — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : WIS
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1978750.0 €

Proteasome activity is crucial to removal of defective or obsolete proteins, cell signaling and antigen presentation. In cancer, proteasomal degradation was shown to play key roles in tumor growth, antigenicity and response to immunotherapy. Yet, comprehensive analysis of proteasome subunit composition and the degradation landscape in cancer has not been performed to date, rendering our understanding of inter-patient proteasome heterogeneity and proteasome-dependent mechanisms underlying tumor-immune interactions far from complete. Our novel, unbiased approach, MAPP, for MS Analysis of Proteasome-cleaved Peptides, is ideally suited to examine the missing link between cellular degradation and cancer immunity. We have already demonstrated its utility in identifying degradation events associated with inflammation, proteasome cleavage, substrate alterations and an anti-inflammatory role of the proteasome subunit PSME4, in lung cancer. We aim to capitalize on our powerful analytical methods, vast experience and preliminary data and develop further our cutting-edge technology, to shed light on the uncharted area of degradation pathways in cancer. We plan to: (1) Characterize both proteasome composition and the degradation landscape across cancer types and develop MAPP further to enable in vivo, tissue-specific, and proteasome-type-specific profiling. We strive to provide a near complete narrative of proteasome activity and distribution in tumors and their role in shaping tumor-immune interactions. (2) Study proteasome-dependent mechanisms underlying tumor immunogenicity and response to immunotherapy at the biochemical, cellular and physiological levels. (3) Exploit inter-patient proteasome heterogeneity for translational opportunities, in particular as an adjunct to current immunotherapies. Cancer_Deg will transform our understanding of proteasomal degradation in cancer, with important implications for numerous diseases, precision oncology and drug discovery.

Mots-clés : proteasomes,pa200 psme4,immunoproteasome,ubiquitin proteasome system,proteolysis by ms,proteasome degradation,lung cancer,tumor immune interactions,precision oncology,tumor immunogenicity
Projet ERC : N-GINE (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Universe Sciences
Entité participante : Nederlandse organisatie voor wetenschappelijk onderzoek — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : NWO
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 950508.0 €

The prevalence of metals in exoplanet atmospheres is considered an important tracer of the formation of gas giants. However, the current theoretical framework is founded on the critical assumption that such planets are composed of a core surrounded by a homogeneous and well-mixed envelope. Recent data from Cassini and Juno show differently, resulting in a paradigm shift in the interiors of Jupiter and Saturn. Jupiter's envelope is now shown to be non-homogeneous, leading to new pathways for studying the interactions between giant planet interiors with their atmospheric constituents. This new knowledge desperately needs to be incorporated in exoplanet studies. This is the aim of N-GINE. We are in a unique time for this study. We have extraordinary data to study the giants in the solar system, and the JWST will provide exceptional data on exoplanets’ atmospheres. Now is the time to gather the stunning amount of exoplanet data and the detailed insights supplied by our solar system and get integrated knowledge coming from all giant planets. I have unique expertise in these fields to fill this gap and lead a team of 3 PhD students and 2 postdocs to work at the frontier of exoplanets and solar system science. We will provide the community with the first open-source retrieval tool for exoplanet interiors based on my state-of-the-art models for Jupiter, use JWST to compile the first database on refractory species in exoplanet atmospheres (indicating the solids accreted during formation), study atmosphere-interior interactions with self-consistent atmospheric radiative transfer and interior models, and go beyond the state-of-the-art with new interior models for Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune with non-homogenous interiors and using Neural Networks. The impact of the new interior models developed in N-GINE will also affect atmospheric chemical and retrieval calculations, revolutionizing the way of interpreting observations in exoplanets and learning about their origins.

Mots-clés : exoplanets,giant planets,planet formation,exoplanet atmospheres,planet interiors
Projet ERC : LivingCrystals (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Materials Engineering
Entité participante : Institut Weizmann — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : WIS
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2000000.0 €

Organisms form crystalline materials with superior structural and mechanical properties. This arises from the ability of functional macromolecules to create intricate architectures via a multi-step crystallization process. Current approaches to engineer bioinspired minerals focus on interactions between macromolecules and minerals in dilute aqueous environments, rarely considering the emergent properties of macromolecular condensates. However, we and others showed that macromolecular crowding is intimately associated with biomineral formation in vivo. In this project, we will develop a new type of chemistry—dense-phase mineralization—to unlock the pathways mastered by nature. Our hypothesis is that weak polymer-ion interactions within dense phases tune the chemical landscape, controlling the crystallization process and the properties of its products. Remarkably, our preliminary results using the calcium carbonate system show that molar-range polymer concentrations, four orders of magnitude denser than in previous works, result in intricate crystals with life-like properties. We will investigate dense-phase mineralization in both synthetic and living systems, relying on our unique expertise in cryo-electron and X-ray microscopies of hydrated biological samples. In Aim 1, we will grow crystals in a dense polymer phase and use the crowded environment to sculpt architectural motives. In Aim 2, we will investigate the challenging phase separation regime and transform inorganic condensates into transient precursors for mineralization. In Aim 3, we will elucidate how liquid-liquid phase separation evolved by mineralizing organisms to regulate inorganic condensate formation. This project will open an uncharted chemical landscape to form and control bioinspired minerals. The outcome will be a toolbox for process design that allows to optimize material properties - the highest gain we can ask for in bioinspired mineralization.

Mots-clés : biomineralization,non classical crystallization,phase separation,cryo electron microscopy,calcium carbonate
Projet ERC : METHEL (Horizon Europe, appel 2025, Consolidator grants)
Entité participante : Université technique de Vienne — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TU Wien
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2960146.0 €

Thermoelectric (TE) materials directly transform thermal into electrical energy and vice versa, making them promising for a plethora of applications in refrigeration or power generation. However, state-of-the-art semiconductors in the focus of current research did not make the leap into broad applications due to low power density and poor mechanical properties. Metallic systems would be superior in this regard, but remained largely neglected by the TE community over the past decades due to their small TE effect.  This fundamental research project focuses on realizing high TE performance in metals via tuning of electronic interband scattering – an innovative enhancement principle cardinally different from those applied so far in semiconductors. Using this paradigm, we want to realize - unprecedented TE power factors - metallic TE with superior functional properties from highly abundant, cheap materials - tight control of energy-dependent electronic transport by scattering off topological flat bands  Despite enormous efforts for decades, largely focusing on a reduction of thermal conductivity in semiconductors, these intriguing research issues remain unsolved calling for a novel concept.  We tackle these issues by focusing on metals, where the lattice thermal conductivity is irrelevant compared to the electronic contribution (Wiedemann-Franz law), thus confining the multi-parameter optimization problem to a sole enhancement of the Seebeck coefficient S. The latter we achieve by selectively reducing the mobility of holes (or electronic carriers) by interband scattering from localized states, leveraged by tuning of electronic bandwidth and geometrical frustration – concepts introduced from correlated electron physics. Promoted by the PI’s versatile expertise in studying charge transport in solids, METHEL explores high-performance metallic TE by the synergistic combination of synthesis, spectroscopy, microscopy and high-throughput computational materials screening.

Mots-clés : thermoelectricity interband scattering bandwidth tuning topological flat bands electronic structure calculations optical spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance