Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : LIPDAT (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Proof of concept grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : University of Bristol — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 149940.0 €

Pottery typology is the principal method used to date archaeological sites, however, the approach provides relative rather than absolute dates. Paradoxically, 14C dating using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is the technique used to assign absolute or calendrical dates, but pots, being fabricated from fired clay, i.e. aluminosilicate, lack endogenous organic carbon and so cannot be 14C dated directly. Carbonaceous tempers, amorphous residues adhering to the surface and carbon-based materials co-occurring in the same archaeological deposits as pots have all been 14C-dated but problems exist with either the frequency of occurrence and/or uncertainties of their association(s) with pottery and contamination of these remains. To enable the routine 14C dating of pottery the PI initiated development of a new approach that uses commonly occurring fatty acid components of lipid residues derived from food processing, adsorbed within the protected environment of the walls of vessels. As part of the NeoMilk ERC Advanced grant a new protocol been developed for the extraction and isolation of these compounds using preparative capillary gas chromatography in high purity and sufficient amounts for high precision 14C dating by AMS. This new approach offers a step-change in archaeological dating, which will attract international demand to date archaeological sites. Our aim now is to bring this new method of pottery dating into routine use in archaeology worldwide. This project will take the first steps towards achieving this ambition. This Proof of Concept grant will allow us to (i) develop a commercialisation plan, (ii) demonstrate the utility of the approach temporally and spatially, (iii) analyse the global market, (iv) formulate and deliver an IPR strategy, and (v) promote the method to academic and commercial networks.

Mots-clés : high precision radiocarbon dating,archaeology,pottery,fatty acids,academic and,commercial,cultural heritage
Projet ERC : ConHuB (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Bangor University — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : BU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1450852.69 €

Poverty is frequently perceived to be the root cause of illegal natural resource use – the hunting or extraction of wildlife not sanctioned by the state. When unsustainable, such activities threaten conservation of ecosystems and endangered species. However, understanding what motivates individuals involved is a major challenge; understandably few are willing to discuss their motives for fear of punishment [1]. Furthermore, severe, multifaceted poverty overlaps with regions prioritised for their globally important biodiversity [2]. This association exacerbates the problem that illegal activities pose for policy-makers responsible for managing and policing the use of nature. The dominant approach to conserving biodiversity is to establish protected areas [3] which typically restrict resource use and manage infractions through law enforcement [4]. However, the designation of such areas does not guarantee compliance, as demonstrated by ongoing infractions [5] and its conspicuous profile on global policy agendas. This includes the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development which calls for urgent action to halt biodiversity loss and hunting of protected species [6]. Solving this problematic cocktail of poverty, exclusion from resources and drivers of illegal resource use requires a new approach to understanding why people break rules and to what extent poverty underpins behaviour. Recent advances in cutting-edge techniques for asking sensitive questions are paving the way towards a more accurate understanding of the prevalence and drivers of illegal acts [7]. Combining conservation social science with development studies, criminology and social psychology, this project will examine, for the 1st time, the relative importance of multidimensional poverty and socio-psychological characteristics in dictating people’s involvement in illegal resource use which will be contextualised by histories of national park establishment and how the idea of illegality shifts through time.

Mots-clés : biodiversity conservation,poaching,sustainable use,natural resource management,behavior,decision making,social norms,protected areas,hunting
Projet ERC : INFRAGLOB (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : University of Bayreuth — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1398909.0 €

Power beyond the state is most prevalent in economic infrastructure hubs with high technology and multiple global actors. Here, investors from emerging powers challenge traditional theory and practice. Chinese and Brazilian companies are now the most important bilateral investors in Africa. They apply existing rules and practices, and introduce new practices of governance and business-society relations that compete with Western norms. But their impact is not properly understood in theories of transnational governance. This project will rethink transnational governance by focusing on the margins of international relations to explain how models and experiences of actors from the Global South redefine the governance of economic hubs. Seemingly in the margins of international political economy, and neglected in International Relations, in Africa new forms of power and governance are invented and tested. Here states are weaker and experiments with multiple non-state actors and modes of governance tolerated. The fringes of theory-building in the discipline, the hubs of transnational economic infrastructure, and everyday practices of cross-border management can be theorized as arenas of the production, contestation and change of transnational governance. INFRAGLOB combines analysing the ideas driving Chinese and Brazilian management of large-scale port and mining projects with multi-sited ethnographic research of exemplary cases in Mozambique and Tanzania, establishing how these concepts are enacted, negotiated and disregarded in practice. It rethinks publics by mapping controversies that connect Africa, Brazil and China, and establishes how interactions and frictions between diverse practitioners and standards change broader transnational governance of business-community relations and security. ‘Infrastructure globalities’ will provide a unique understanding of how the Global South changes practices of governance and business-society relations in a multipolar world.

Mots-clés : practice approach,transnational companies,global south,global political ethnography
Projet ERC : NANOCOMP (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : University of Nottingham — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 52375.0 €

Practical aspects and understanding of frontier-computing concepts such as memcomputing (a brain-inspired computational paradigm), quantum computing and spintronics are hindered because of the lack of suitable nanostructured materials. The NANOCOMP project aims to develop a technology for the integration of nano-switches within the confined space of high-aspect ratio hollow carbon nanostructures, yielding a totally new class of hybrid metal-carbon nanomaterials with different dimensionality as model systems enabling the realisation of these computing schemes. This research will also pave the way for developing new energy-storage concepts. The main objectives are: 1) To develop protocols for successful transport and encapsulation of intact nano-switches within tubular carbon nanostructures (TCN); 2) To understand and control the effects of the confined nano-switches on the carbon nanocontainer (and vice versa); 3) To unravel and develop new methodologies for exploiting the functional properties of the confined nano-switches; 4) To fabricate nanodevices, novel 2D ordered arrays and highly-porous 3D networks for a variety of applications ranging from quantum processors to flexible spintronic devices and supercapacitors.
Projet ERC : PreMeDosE (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Proof of concept grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering
Entité participante : University of Helsinki — Pays : Finlande — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UH
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 150000.0 €

PreMeDosE aims to ascertain the technical and commercial viability of a novel cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme activity assay, to enable truly personalised drug dosing for the first time. The CYP enzymes are responsible for the elimination of the majority of therapeutic drugs from the body. However, inter-individual variation in CYP activity leads to personal differences in drug elimination kinetics, both toxic accumulation (too slow elimination) and loss of therapeutic efficacy (too rapid elimination). The resulting adverse drug reactions have considerable clinical as well as economic consequences, accounting for ~5% of hospital admissions and increasing the mean stay from 8 to 20 days, and thereby affecting a patient’s quality of life and increasing healthcare costs. The inter-individual variation in elimination kinetics can have a genetic origin (some critical CYP enzymes are polymorphic), but substantial variations also arise from external factors, such as dietary agents, age, sex, disease state, and drug-drug interactions. Presently, only genetic variation can be measured but is not routinely recommended for clinical implementation because of the limited clinical utility. The PreMeDosE microfluidic assay permits for the first time measurement of the impacts of both genetic and external factors. The PreMeDosE assay permits direct measurement of CYP enzyme activity from a very small (biopsy-scale) liver sample, providing personalized information of drug elimination kinetics and thus paving the way to customized drug dosing. PreMeDosE assay fits standard well plate technology so it is easily implemented in routine laboratory flow. Within this project, we will optimize and validate the PreMeDosE technology with the aim to ascertain its technical and commercial viability.

Mots-clés : precision medicine,drug metabolism,cytochrome p450,diagnosis,microfluidics,functionalized materials
Projet ERC : JetDynamics (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental constituents of matter
Entité participante : Durham University — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 401081.3 €

Precision tests at high energy colliders are an essential tool for gaining insight into the nature of the Standard Model of particle physics and the fundamental interactions. The data currently being obtained by the LHC experiments will allow a large number of observables to be measured at a percent level accuracy. This data has the potential to probe deeper into the flaws of the Standard Model. However, the complexity of theoretical predictions using perturbative quantum field theory currently prevents many of these precision tests. JetDynamics aims for a breakthrough in precision predictions for the measurements of Standard Model interactions through the study of the dynamics of multiple strongly interacting hadronic jets. Percent level predictions for 2 to 3 scattering processes involving the Higgs boson and electroweak vector bosons will allow a unique insight into fundamental properties of the Standard Model in the new high energy region probed by the LHC. In order to achieve this goal a complete set of quantum corrections at next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in perturbation theory are required. JetDynamics bridges the gap between mathematics physics and experimental collider physics and will develop a new generation of computational tools and methods} that will overcome current bottlenecks. The work program attacks this problem on three fronts: A) Develop revolutionary new ideas from the study of on-shell scattering amplitudes to address the current bottlenecks in the computation of multi-leg two loop amplitudes in QCD. B) Develop highly efficient tools for NNLO predictions with multi-jet final states and perform precision phenomenological studies of jet dynamics at the LHC. C) Lay groundwork for jet production beyond NNLO and build towards 1% perturbative accuracy. JetDynamics will lead to a new understanding of scattering at hadron colliders and take LHC physics into a new precision era.
Projet ERC : NeuroSoNew (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Proof of concept grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Complexity
Entité participante : Fondazione Bruno Kessler — Pays : Italie — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : FBK
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 6250.0 €

Predispositions to preferentially orient towards cues associated with social partners, such as face-like stimuli or biological and animate motion, appear to guide human social behavior from the onset of life and are typically impaired in children with autism-spectrum disorders (ASD). An early detector of social predispositions and their impairment in newborns might provide a valuable biomarker for ASD, an indicator of utmost relevance since infants with ASD greatly benefit from early behavioral intervention. This proposal builds on a study performed within my ERC grant in which, by designing an innovative oscillatory visual presentation of face-like patterns and perceptually equivalent controls, we identified an EEG-based index of face processing, present in each newborn tested and obtainable with less than 2 minutes of newborn’s visual attention. However, recording newborn’s EEG is currently possible only in laboratory settings, as no fully portable EEG system adapted for newborns exists in the market. The goal of this proposal is to design a portable, wireless EEG-based device that allows easy, rapid and automatic testing of face processing in newborns in any context, including their homes. This device is ground-breaking because it will combine the efficacy of our innovative experimental paradigm tailored to newborn’s restricted visual attention with a portable, low-power, wireless EEG device based on dry electrodes and an automatic algorithm that will extract on-line the EEG-based index of face processing. Its realization will enable the development of an early, objective and easy-to-test EEG-based biomarker on newborns at risk, potentially opening the way to large-scale screening protocols. Given the flexibility of the paradigm with respect to the content of the visual stimulation, this method might be used for research purposes to explore the neural bases of other perceptual and cognitive functions in newborns.

Mots-clés : human newborns,screening protocol,social predisposition,face processing,neural biomarker,autism spectrum disorder
Projet ERC : Light AIOL (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : Spanish National Research Council — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CSIC
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 150000.0 €

Presbyopia, the age-related loss of the ability of the eye to focus near and far objects, affects 1.2 billion people in the world. While there are a number of corrections for presbyopia available (near and progressive spectacles, monovision or multifocal lenses) none of these restore the dynamic focusing capability of the young crystalline lens. Replacing of the rigid crystalline lens in the aged eye by a shape-changing artificial lens able to respond an accommodative demand, therefore restoring accommodation in the aging eye, will undoubtedly increase the quality of vision, quality of life and productivity of millions of presbyopes worldwide. Presbyopia ERC Advanced Grant Presbyopia investigates basic mechanisms of the crystalline lens accommodation, to propose nature-inspired IOL designs to correct presbyopia. Imaging technologies developed during the project have allowed imaging-based quantification of the crystalline lens structure and its change with accommodation, aging and treatment. Knowledge gathered using these technologies, and developments combining optics, biomechanics, biomaterials and photo-chemistry have allowed a new concept for an accommodating IOL, of which the first prototypes have been manufactured and tested, therefore materializing the ultimate goal of the Presbyopia ERC AdG grant. This research has allowed to propose, develop and test a novel surface-change accommodating IOL, and a disruptive photo-activated method to transmit the forces from the eye muscle into the lens, both protected by patents filed during the ERC AdG. The Light-AIOL ERC-Proof of Concept aims at evaluating the marketability of the developed AIOL platform and at reaching a product commercialization plan to be presented to industrial and financial investors with the ultimate goal of bringing to market this technology, and move to a phase closer to deployment in patients. This should bring surgical corrections of presbyopia into a new paradigm.

Mots-clés : presbyopia,accommodation restoration,intraocular lens,cataract surgery,photoactivation,light,vision
Projet ERC : AlgoFinance (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : Copenhagen Business School — Pays : Danemark — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CBS
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1590036.0 €

Present-day financial markets are turning algorithmic, as market orders are increasingly being executed by fully automated computer algorithms, without any direct human intervention. Although algorithmic finance seems to fundamentally reshape the central dynamics in financial markets, and even though it prompts core sociological questions, it has not yet received any systematic attention. In a pioneering contribution to economic sociology and social studies of finance, ALGOFINANCE aims to understand how and with what consequences the turn to algorithms is changing financial markets. The overall concept and central contributions of ALGOFINANCE are the following: (1) on an intra-firm level, the project examines how the shift to algorithmic finance reshapes the ways in which trading firms operate, and does so by systematically and empirically investigating the reconfiguration of organizational structures and employee subjectivity; (2) on an inter-algorithmic level, it offers a ground-breaking methodology (agent-based modelling informed by qualitative data) to grasp how trading algorithms interact with one another in a fully digital space; and (3) on the level of market sociality, it proposes a novel theorization of how intra-firm and inter-algorithmic dynamics can be conceived of as introducing a particular form of sociality that is characteristic to algorithmic finance: a form of sociality-as-association heuristically analyzed as imitation. None of these three levels have received systematic attention in the state-of-the-art literature. Addressing them will significantly advance the understanding of present-day algorithmic finance in economic sociology. By contributing novel empirical, methodological, and theoretical understandings of the functioning and consequences of algorithms, ALGOFINANCE will pave the way for other research into digital sociology and the broader algorithmization of society.

Mots-clés : economic sociology,algorithmic finance
Projet ERC : PreventALL (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : Technical University of Munich — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TUM
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1217925.0 €

PreventALL analyzes genetic risk in infection induced ALL and will pioneer leukemia prevention. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common type of childhood cancer and it remains a major cause of death in children aged 2-6 years in high-income countries. Exposure to infection, as a potential trigger for the development of childhood ALL was theorized a century ago with several possibilities of exposure to infection in infancy. Consequently, the overall objectives of PreventALL is to systematically analyze postnatally the genetic risk to develop B-cell-precursor (BCP)-ALL and to decipher the infectious mechanism by which exposure to infection causes BCP-ALL. This opens a new horizon for the understanding of leukemia etiology and foster innovation in the development of novel preventive strategies such as diet supplementation or vaccination. To this end, appropriate methods of postnatal risk calculation and in vivo models are needed. We have recently developed the first in vivo murine models with infection-dependent BCP-ALL, based on a genetic predisposition. PreventALL aims to extend this knowledge and to set off for cutting edge research to explore the synergy of genetic predisposition and exposure to infection in BCP-ALL as a proof-of-concept for the role of infection in precancerous disease. In PreventALL Aim 1 will compile novel strategies to identify patients at risk for BCP-ALL, in Aim 2 I will develop preclinical infection-dependent BCP-ALL in vivo models and identify the mechanism how infection triggers BCP-ALL with respect to the genetic predisposition and finally Aim 3 will set up to develop preclinical prevention programs. In summary, PreventALL will establish a significant milestone in the understanding of childhood leukemia and set the starting point for the development of novel and innovative leukemia precision prevention.

Mots-clés : prevention,childhood leukemia,vaccination,diet,microbiome,genetic predisposition