Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : MARKLIM (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : Université Toulouse Capitole — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UT Capitole
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 312500.0 €

This project aims at investigating new frontiers in the regulation of individuals, firms and the state. It will build on traditional tools, game theory, information economics and mechanism design, further these tools and apply them to a wide range of important economic issues. It will be organized around five topics: - Morality and markets. The goal is to organize the disparate evidence from economics and psychology on how moral behavior is generated, to provide a coherent framework on how to think about moral issues to study their implications for organizations and to run experiments on the matter. - Intellectual property and public policy with the writing of a monograph and an empirical analysis of the standards-patent pool interface. - Industrial organization, and more specifically two-sided markets and merger policy. The research will apply two-sided market economics to shed light on the “must-join platform” argument and on potential regulations of the intermediation activity. - Debt crises including various and yet little studied aspects of banking and sovereign debt crises. - Investigate the political economy of regulation, and much more generally political science. Finally, the project will emphasize methodological aspects. It will extend the concept of Markov Perfect Equilibrium to games of imperfect information. On the mechanism design front, it will pursue a new line of research on “positive selection”. This methodological project will branch into a more applied project. It will consider an organization or a country run by a ruler/dominant group that is hostile toward a minority on religious, ethnic, linguistic, cultural, wealth or sexual-orientation grounds. It will investigate the dynamics of compositional change in such environments. Also, the project will complete and extend research on cognitive games, defined as games in which a normal- or extensive-form game is preceded by players’ selecting their or their rivals’ information structures.

Mots-clés : information,markets,incentives,morality,standardization
Projet ERC : COSMOKEMS (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth system science
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2864125.0 €

This project aims at simulating the processes that took place in the early Solar System to determine how these processes shaped the chemical and isotope compositions of solids that accreted to ultimately form terrestrial planets. Planetary materials exhibit mass dependent and mass independent isotope signatures and their origin and relationships are not fully understood. This proposal will be based on new experiments reproducing the conditions of the solar nebula in its first few million years and on a newly designed Knudsen Effusion Mass Spectrometer (KEMS) that will be built for the purpose of this project. This project consists of three main subprojects: (1) we will simulate the effect of particle irradiation on solids to examine how isotopes can be fractionated by these processes to identify whether this can explain chemical variations in meteorites. We will examine whether particle irradiation can cause mass independent fractionation, (2) the novel KEMS instrument will be used to determine the equilibrium isotope fractionation associated with reactions between gas and condensed phases at high temperature. It will also be used to determine the kinetic isotope fractionation associated with evaporation and condensation of solids. This will provide new constraints on the thermodynamic conditions, T, P and fO2 during heating events that have modified the chemical composition of planetary materials. These constraints will also help identify the processes that cause the depletion in volatile elements and the fractionation in refractory elements observed in planetesimals and planets, (3) we will examine the effect of UV irradiation on chemical species in the vapour phase as an attempt to reproduce observed isotope compositions found in meteorites or their components. These results may radically change our view on how the protoplanetary disk evolved and how solids were transported and mixed.

Mots-clés : cosmochemistry,solar system,meteorites,planets,mass spectrometry,isotopes
Projet ERC : CC4SOL (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Condensed matter physics
Entité participante : Max Planck Society — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : MPG
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 0.0 €

This project aims at the development of a novel toolbox of ab-initio methods that approximate the true many-electron wavefunction using systematically improvable perturbation and coupled-cluster theories. The demand and prospects for these methods are excellent given that the highly-accurate coupled-cluster theories can predict atomization- and reaction energies in a wide range of solids and molecules with chemical accuracy (≈43 meV). However, the computational cost involved inhibits their widespread use in the field of materials science so far. A multitude of suggested developments in the present proposal hold the promise to reduce the computational cost beyond what is currently considered possible by the community. These include explicit correlation methods that augment the conventional wavefunction expansion with terms that depend on the electron pair correlation factors. In contrast to the widely-used homogeneous correlation factors, this proposal aims at the investigation of inhomogeneous correlation factors that can also capture van der Waals interactions. Furthermore this proposal seeks to employ a recently developed combination of atom-centered basis functions and plane wave basis sets, maximizing the compactness in the wavefunction expansion. The combination of these ideas bears the potential to reduce the computational cost of coupled-cluster calculations in solids by three orders of magnitude, leading to a breakthrough in the field of highly-accurate ab-initio simulations. As such the study of challenging solid state physics and chemistry problems forms an important part of this proposal. We seek to investigate molecular adsorption and reactions in zeolites and on surfaces, pressure-driven solid-solid phase transitions of two dimensional layered materials and defects in solids. These problems are paradigmatic for van der Waals interactions and strong correlation, and methods that describe their electronic structure accurately are highly sought after.

Mots-clés : first principles simulation,many electron theories,ab initio,quantum chemistry,coupled cluster theory
Projet ERC : DisDyn (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer science and informatics
Entité participante : University of Copenhagen — Pays : Danemark — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UCPH
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 237788.75 €

This project aims to (i) resolve challenging graph problems in distributed and dynamic settings, with a focus on connectivity problems (such as computing edge connectivity and distances), and (ii) on the way develop a systematic approach to attack problems in these settings, by thoroughly exploring relevant algorithmic and complexity-theoretic landscapes. Tasks include - building a hierarchy of intermediate computational models so that designing algorithms and proving lower bounds can be done in several intermediate steps, - explaining the limits of algorithms by proving conditional lower bounds based on old and new reasonable conjectures, and - connecting techniques in the two settings to generate new insights that are unlikely to emerge from the isolated viewpoint of a single field. The project will take advantage from and contribute to the developments in many young fields in theoretical computer science, such as fine-grained complexity and sublinear algorithms. Resolving one of the connectivity problems will already be a groundbreaking result. However, given the approach, it is likely that one breakthrough will lead to many others.

Mots-clés : dynamic algorithms,distributed algorithms,graph algorithms,conditional lower bounds
Projet ERC : OXTOP (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : University of Oxford — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1497422.0 €

This project aims to build a group that brings together experts in gauge-theoretic, geometric, and group-theoretic techniques. It consists of 4 branches. 1. Cobordism maps in knot Floer homology (HFK). Defined by the PI, these should yield invariants of surfaces in 4-manifolds. Hence, they could be used to bound the 4-ball genus and the unknotting number, providing a tool for finding a counterexample to the smooth 4-dimensional Poincaré conjecture, and to decide whether a given slice knot bounds a ribbon surface. The cobordism maps seem to yield a spectral sequence from Khovanov homology to HFK. An important biological application is an obstruction for two links to be related by a band surgery. 2. TQFTs. We use our classification of (2+1)-dimensional TQFTs in terms of GNF*-algebras and MCG representations to find new examples of such TQFTs. First, we simplify the algebraic structure, then determine when a GNF*-algebra corresponds to a (1+1+1)-dimensional TQFT. This would allow us to find a (2+1)-dimensional TQFT that is not (1+1+1)-dimensional. 3. Heegaard Floer (HF) homology and geometrization. There are currently few links known between Floer-theoretic invariants of 3-manifolds and the geometric structures they admit. We propose to study the Floer homology of arithmetic 3-manifolds. These are often L-spaces; the question is when this happens, and whether the HF correction terms contain any number-theoretic information. The next step is studying the relationship between HF and the Thurston geometries, and then gluing along tori via bordered Floer homology. An important step is to understand the behaviour of HF under covering maps. 4. The Fox conjecture. This states that the absolute values of the coefficients of the Alexander polynomial of an alternating knot form a unimodal sequence. We propose a strategy for attacking this conjecture via the graph-theoretic description of the Alexander polynomial due to Kálmán, and the test of log-concavity of Huh.

Mots-clés : manifolds,heegaard floer homology,tqft
Projet ERC : IllegalPharma (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : IE University — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Organismes privés (hors enseignement)
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1374185.0 €

This project aims to develop a competitive dynamics theory of the informal economy, which is currently lacking in academic research. Specifically, this project will adopt an institutional theory perspective to better understand three fundamental outcomes in the informal economy: market entry (illegal businesses’ decision to be active in a specific niche), price competition (price differentials between legal and illegal products), and product quality (quality of products sold in illegal businesses). The main conceptual proposition suggested in this project is that selling products through illegal means may still be perceived as a legitimate activity. Building on this statement, it will be proposed that the degree in which actors perceive the sale of an illegal product as a more or less legitimate activity will influence (1) entrepreneurs’ decision to illegally enter such market, (2) consumers’ willingness to pay for such illegal product (i.e., price differential versus the legal version of the product) and (3) manufacturers’ motivation to keep quality standards for that illegal product. The empirical setting for this study will be the illegal sale of pharmaceutical drugs. The sale of illegal pharmaceuticals accounts for more than 10% of the medicines market and over €30 billion in annual earnings (World Health Organization, 2003). It represents one of the biggest challenges for societies in that, attending to the WHO’s Department of Essential Medicines and Health Products, anywhere from 100,000 to a million people die every year due to falsified drugs. Accordingly, this study aims to provide two main contributions: (1) an academic contribution by developing a radically new theory of the competitive dynamics in the informal economy, and (2) a practical contribution by providing a better understanding of the determinants of the informal economy that could help policy makers and regulators in their goal of fighting the trading of illegal medicines.

Mots-clés : informal economy,pharmaceutical industry,legitimacy
Projet ERC : YbFUN (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental constituents of matter
Entité participante : University of Crete — Pays : Grèce — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UOC
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1124355.66 €

This project aims to establish a novel platform for fundamental tests in nuclear and particle physics, based on detecting isotopic variation of parity violation in atomic nuclei. Atomic probes in tabletop experiments offer a unique approach to testing fundamental physics, complementary to high-energy-physics experiments in large facilities. In particular, atomic parity violation (APV) provides a window into the effects of weak interaction in atoms. Recent observations by our team on how the APV effect varies among a chain of ytterbium (Yb) isotopes motivate the use of this method as a versatile probe of nuclear and particle physics. More specifically, comparing the APV effect in different isotopes of the same atomic species is a sensitive tool to study the distribution of neutrons in the nucleus, which in turn is closely related to the structure and size of neutron stars. The method is also a probe of additional vector bosons, beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. Finally, the study of nuclear-spin-dependent contributions to the APV effect in isotopes with nuclear spin is a sensitive way to investigate intranuclear weak interactions, which are currently poorly understood. The objective of the YbFUN project is to substantially expand existing approaches to probing isotopic APV variation and to establish the method as a powerful tool at the interdisciplinary junction between atomic, nuclear and particle physics. Towards this goal, we will i) employ high-precision measurements of isotopic variation of the APV effect in Yb to probe the neutron distribution in the Yb nucleus and thus help answer questions regarding the size of neutron-rich nuclei and neutron stars; ii) make use of the isotopic comparison method to explore electron–nucleon interactions mediated by potential additional Z bosons; and iii) undertake studies of spin-dependent APV to advance the fundamental understanding of intranuclear weak forces.

Mots-clés : weak interaction,neutron skins,additional bosons
Projet ERC : OPTIM (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : University of Geneva — Pays : Suisse — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UNIGE
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1199436.0 €

This project aims to improve the treatment of metastasized colorectal carcinoma (mCRC), as treatment options after first line chemotherapy are desperately needed. The key to improvement of cancer therapy resides in optimal combination of drugs. Optimally combining drugs is non-trivial due to the large number of possibilities, especially when more than two drugs are combined at various doses. In the current research program I propose to use a differential evolution guided stochastic search algorithm to guide the way in finding optimal combination therapies. In previous research I have applied this feedback system control (FSC) technique to navigate through the enormous parametric space of nine angiostatic drugs at four doses. The straightforward iterative approach of in vitro cell viability testing and algorithm-based analysis identified optimal synergistic low-dose drug combinations. In vivo translation by maintaining the drug dose ratio led to effective anti-cancer activity, without evidence of side-effects. A new screen for optimal targeted combination treatment of advanced CRC will be performed. A series of 7 genetically different human CRC cell lines will be used in this screen, thus simulating personalized treatment. The optimized combinations will be ‘ratiometrically’ translated into orthotopic and metastasizing preclinical CRC mouse models and tested in parallel to standard chemotherapy regimens. Development of a method for a personalized screen using freshly isolated tumor cells will prepare the technology for application in the clinic. Using an innovative strategy I previously identified a series of novel markers of the tumor endothelium. After validation of these targets, this project aims for the design of new drugs to be used in a screen for optimal combination therapy for mCRC. The translational and multidisciplinary nature of the current proposal aims for preparing an improved therapeutic combination regimen for testing in cancer patients.

Mots-clés : anti angiogenesis,drug drug interaction,data modeling,translational approach
Projet ERC : SIGNSPACE (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : Dolphio technologies informatikai korlatolt felelossegu tarsasag — Pays : Hongrie — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : Dolphio technologies kft.
Type d'entité : Organismes privés (hors enseignement)
Financement ERC de l'entité : 42063.0 €

This project aims to pilot a social innovation by translating some of the findings of the ERC-funded MULTISIGN project (“Multilingual behaviours in sign language users”) into an online portal which promotes and facilitates transnational communication by deaf people through sign languages. The portal provides activities to users that increase their meta-linguistic awareness about the bi- and multilingual use of sign languages. Specifically, we will exploit research data and analyses by translating them into a resource with educational units that support upskilling of deaf people in order to communicate remotely with signers of other sign languages. The MULTSIGN project had demonstrated that sign language users have a unique enhanced potential, compared to spoken languages, to communicate across language boundaries, and the project will enable signers to exploit this potential. The portal also provides a service for setting up flexibly adaptable bi- and multilingual online work spaces for transnational groups of sign language users, with an integrated tool for sign-to-sign-translation between different sign languages. This will enable disadvantaged deaf communities, who are largely isolated from international contact, to access developments and resources already available elsewhere among international deaf communities but not linguistically accessible. The project is a collaboration between an academic partner, the University of Central Lancashire (UCLan) in the UK and a private company with special expertise in the relevant area, Dolphio Technologies, in Hungary. Our joint team will develop the design and test the technical infrastructure for the project. We will conduct demonstration, training and piloting workshops in several countries, and develop a business plan for further development and sustainability of the portal based on its marketable potential.

Mots-clés : multilingualism,sign language,deaf,meta linguistic awareness,multilingual ict,slack software,south south collaboration
Projet ERC : GAPT (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : Autonomous University of Barcelona — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UAB
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1476000.0 €

This project aims to solve several long standing questions in geometric analysis by combining techniques from harmonic analysis, geometric measure theory, and free boundary problems. These questions deal with harmonic measure and caloric measure, square functions and rectifiability, and some related free boundary problems. A common feature is that their study involves multiscale methods from Littlewood-Paley theory and quantitative rectifiability. Harmonic measure is a basic tool for the solution of the Dirichlet problem for the Laplace equation. The study of this notion is an old question which goes back to the 1910's, at least. Recently there have been some striking advances on this topic, in part motivated by the deeper understanding of the connection between Riesz transforms and rectifiability. However, there are still related open compelling questions that this project aims to explore. The main one consists of finding a sharp bound for the Hausdorff dimension of harmonic measure. Other challenging questions arise in the parabolic setting, where the connection between the caloric measure associated with the heat equation and parabolic rectifiability is not well understood. Also, the study of the Lipschitz removability for the heat equation is more difficult than in the case of the Laplace equation. Another exciting topic that will be studied by this project deals with the relationship between rectifiability, square functions, and some free boundary problems. An important question concerns the characterization of the L^2 boundedness of Riesz transforms in terms of the Jones-Wolff potential, essential to understand the behavior of Lipschitz harmonic capacity under bilipschitz maps. Square functions, techniques of quantitative rectifiability, and monotonicity formulas from free boundary problems also appear in the study of the blowups of the singular set in the two phase problem for harmonic measure and in problems of unique continuation at the boundary.

Mots-clés : harmonic analysis,geometric measure theory,potential theory,free boundary problems