Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : TRAM (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2028624.76 €

Chinese history was co-constructed by Han (Chinese) people, transmitters of farming language and culture, and non-Han people, typically transmitters of nomadic language and culture in North and Northwest China. Governance by non-Han steppe rulers lasted for almost ten centuries (half of the history of imperial China since the First Emperor of Qin) and the Gansu-Qinghai area was the most important migration corridor between Central and East Asia. These languages and populations have competed, mixed and merged for ages. Surprisingly, a cross-linguistically comprehensive portrait of this region is missing in spite of individual language descriptions. The present Project will study language mixture and language replacement patterns in the Gansu-Qinghai area, which geographically constitutes a natural demarcation between nomadic herders and farmers. In this intense contact area, home to nomadic languages and populations, Sinitic (Han) languages started to resemble non-Han languages, adopting similar syntactic means, while Yugur languages (Western Yugur belongs to Turkic language group and Eastern Yugur belongs to Mongolic language group), spoken by typical nomadic populations, kept their syntax relatively intact. The mixing degree of languages and populations in this area remains unclear, and in-depth research with an interdisciplinary approach is necessary. The Project will determine the linguistic situation in this anthropological corridor by targeting two nomadic languages (Western and Eastern Yugur) and a variety of Sinitic languages. The analysis of language mixing and language replacement processes will be based on quantified data modeling, part of which will come from molecular anthropology and other fields such as history and archeology. This interdisciplinary approach will offer a global vision of language and population mixing in the Gansu-Qinghai area and a living sample of language preservation or loss due to different lifestyles and cultures.

Mots-clés : populations,anthropolgoy,language contact
Projet ERC : TRAM (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : Fudan University — Pays : Chine — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 91625.0 €

Chinese history was co-constructed by Han (Chinese) people, transmitters of farming language and culture, and non-Han people, typically transmitters of nomadic language and culture in North and Northwest China. Governance by non-Han steppe rulers lasted for almost ten centuries (half of the history of imperial China since the First Emperor of Qin) and the Gansu-Qinghai area was the most important migration corridor between Central and East Asia. These languages and populations have competed, mixed and merged for ages. Surprisingly, a cross-linguistically comprehensive portrait of this region is missing in spite of individual language descriptions. The present Project will study language mixture and language replacement patterns in the Gansu-Qinghai area, which geographically constitutes a natural demarcation between nomadic herders and farmers. In this intense contact area, home to nomadic languages and populations, Sinitic (Han) languages started to resemble non-Han languages, adopting similar syntactic means, while Yugur languages (Western Yugur belongs to Turkic language group and Eastern Yugur belongs to Mongolic language group), spoken by typical nomadic populations, kept their syntax relatively intact. The mixing degree of languages and populations in this area remains unclear, and in-depth research with an interdisciplinary approach is necessary. The Project will determine the linguistic situation in this anthropological corridor by targeting two nomadic languages (Western and Eastern Yugur) and a variety of Sinitic languages. The analysis of language mixing and language replacement processes will be based on quantified data modeling, part of which will come from molecular anthropology and other fields such as history and archeology. This interdisciplinary approach will offer a global vision of language and population mixing in the Gansu-Qinghai area and a living sample of language preservation or loss due to different lifestyles and cultures.

Mots-clés : populations,anthropolgoy,language contact
Projet ERC : CHANSON (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Systems and communication engineering
Entité participante : Ghent University — Pays : Belgique — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UGent
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1339812.5 €

Chirality plays a pivotal role in chemistry and medicine because most biological molecules have either right- or left-handed conformations. Circular dichroism can distinguish the chirality of matter thanks to a small difference in absorption of light with opposite circular polarizations. However, it is severely limited by low sensitivity and low spatial resolution due to weak chiral light-matter interaction. As a result, using light, we cannot resolve the chirality of individual nanoscale objects for critical applications such as detecting protein aggregates responsible for a variety of diseases. CHANSON pushes the limits of optically resolvable chirality through new concepts in semiconductor nanophotonics. We tailor semiconductor nanostructures to specifically boost chiral fluorescence thanks to the interplay of photons, charges, and spins. Using novel contrast mechanisms, we increase both fluorescence intensity and polarization to remove the barriers that hinder circular dichroism. The project combines two routes for ultrasensitive and super-resolved molecular detection: 1) Nanophotonic sensors based on semiconductor nanoantennas; 2) Excitonic sensors based on atomically thin semiconductors. The ambitious target is to map with nanoscale spatial resolution the lowest possible molecular concentrations down to a single chiral molecule. To tackle this major scientific challenge, I propose the concept of a metasurface canvas consisting of arrays of semiconductor nanostructures. By providing a platform for fluorescence-based sensing of both light-emitting and non-emitting analytes, the results could revolutionize the screening of pharmaceuticals for neurodegenerative diseases, amongst others.

Mots-clés : nanophotonics,optical chirality,circular dichroism,fluorescence,two dimensional semiconductors,high index dielectric nanoantennas
Projet ERC : NChIP (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1984677.0 €

Chromatin assembly is a fundamental cellular process necessary for the maintenance of genome integrity and transcriptional programs. Understanding the effect of DNA replication on histone protein dynamics is also a prerequisite for understanding the role of chromatin in epigenetic inheritance. Epigenetic phenomena are thought to influence cellular differentiation and cancer formation, as well as the impact of environmental factors on early development and later predispositions to disease. While epigenetic inheritance of chromatin components is, in theory, accepted as the driver of such phenomena, chromatin state inheritance per se has only been demonstrated for a few specific cases. Not much is known about histone “inheritance” beyond the facts that bulk maternal histones distribute equally among the daughter strands and are diluted two-fold after replication with newly synthesized “unmarked” histones, and that the majority of H3/H4 tetramers do not split before reassembly. We have shown previously that maternal nucleosomes stay on average within 400bp of their original binding site, implying that any potentially heritable chromatin encoded information, has to be inherited in ~1kb blocs, as smaller nucleosome domains would rapidly be diluted by new nucleosomes. I propose to develop high throughput systems for directly measuring movements of histones and chromatin regulators during genomic replication in S.cerevisiae to determine, how chromatin states survive the perturbations associated with replication. We will determine locus specific differences in the spread of maternal nucleosomes after replication, the effects of leading and lagging strand replication on nucleosome positioning and maternal nucleosome distribution, the renewal dynamics of posttranslational histone marks and chromatin binding proteins, and the kinetics of chromatin footprint re-establishment and gene (re)activation.

Mots-clés : chromatin,dna replication,cell cycle
Projet ERC : ChromatinLEGO (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems
Entité participante : University of Zurich — Pays : Suisse — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UZH
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 149197.16 €

Chromatin modifications are key regulators of genome function. They can be directly recognised by specialised protein reader domains, leading to coordinated recruitment of regulatory proteins to the genome in a dynamic, spatiotemporal manner. Despite many efforts to characterise chromatin-mediated protein recruitment, the underlying principles that determine specificity and how chromatin marks influence the proteome composition at genomic sites in living cells, remain unclear. Here I propose to uncover the underlying logic that mediates specificity between regulatory proteins and chromatin states by using a reductionistic approach that enables us to study these interactions in a controlled and comprehensive manner in living cells. Towards this we combine high-throughput stem cell engineering with functional genomics and computational methods to achieve the following aims: First, we aim to identify and characterise the genome-wide binding preferences of a comprehensive panel of chromatin reader domains (CRD) by using a novel strategy for comparative profiling of multiple protein-genome interactions in parallel. Second, we will systematically dissect the context-dependent determinants that mediate individual and combinatorial CRD binding to the genome. Finally, we will utilise the selectivity of CRDs to uncover the local proteome at defined chromatin states in ES and neuronal cells, revealing novel components involved in the regulation and organisation of the epigenome. The overarching goal of ChromatinLEGO is to elucidate in a systematic, quantitative and unified manner, how protein-genome interactions are guided by specific chromatin modifications. Through identifying the chromatin-dependent recruitment principles of regulatory factors, and by dissecting the underlying mechanisms that specify these interactions, this study will provide novel paradigms and important advances to our current understanding of chromatin function in vivo.

Mots-clés : chromatin marks,new methods,epigenetics,genomics,synthetic biology,chromatin engineering
Projet ERC : ChromatinLEGO (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems
Entité participante : Utrecht University — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1850177.84 €

Chromatin modifications are key regulators of genome function. They can be directly recognised by specialised protein reader domains, leading to coordinated recruitment of regulatory proteins to the genome in a dynamic, spatiotemporal manner. Despite many efforts to characterise chromatin-mediated protein recruitment, the underlying principles that determine specificity and how chromatin marks influence the proteome composition at genomic sites in living cells, remain unclear. Here I propose to uncover the underlying logic that mediates specificity between regulatory proteins and chromatin states by using a reductionistic approach that enables us to study these interactions in a controlled and comprehensive manner in living cells. Towards this we combine high-throughput stem cell engineering with functional genomics and computational methods to achieve the following aims: First, we aim to identify and characterise the genome-wide binding preferences of a comprehensive panel of chromatin reader domains (CRD) by using a novel strategy for comparative profiling of multiple protein-genome interactions in parallel. Second, we will systematically dissect the context-dependent determinants that mediate individual and combinatorial CRD binding to the genome. Finally, we will utilise the selectivity of CRDs to uncover the local proteome at defined chromatin states in ES and neuronal cells, revealing novel components involved in the regulation and organisation of the epigenome. The overarching goal of ChromatinLEGO is to elucidate in a systematic, quantitative and unified manner, how protein-genome interactions are guided by specific chromatin modifications. Through identifying the chromatin-dependent recruitment principles of regulatory factors, and by dissecting the underlying mechanisms that specify these interactions, this study will provide novel paradigms and important advances to our current understanding of chromatin function in vivo.

Mots-clés : chromatin marks,new methods,epigenetics,genomics,synthetic biology,chromatin engineering
Projet ERC : AbCURE_COPD (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : Weizmann Institute of Science — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 150000.0 €

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a group of chronic diseases characterized by airflow limitations in the lung. COPD is a critical international health problem. It is estimated to affect up to 600 million people worldwide and by 2020 it will become the third most frequent cause of death. In Europe alone, COPD affects up to 10% of people (i.e. more people than breast cancer and diabetes) and it takes the life of around 300,000 Europeans each year. Up to date, COPD has no cure as current treatments fail to halt the long-term decline in lung function. They are only able to delay its progression. Those treatments however, are associated with a variety of side effects some of which can be acute and even life threatening. Thus, COPD remains a disease with a significant unmet medical need. In this project (acronymed AbCURE_COPD) we intend to carry out a set of necessary activities for the evaluation of a potentially groundbreaking approach for treating COPD. Our approach is focusing on antibody-mediated clearance of senescent cells which accumulate in tissues with age and contribute to multiple age-related diseases, including COPD. The goal of the PoC project is two-fold. (1) The first goal is to establish the technical feasibility of our idea by testing the effect of senescence-specific antibodies on COPD development and progression by implementing COPD mouse model we developed. (2) The second goal is to establish the business feasibility of our revolutionary approach by taking the necessary steps towards its commercialization, focusing on the creation of strategic alliances with key private sector companies. We firmly believe that with our approach we can significantly extend the health span and improve the quality of life of COPD patients. Equally important, our approach will pave the way for the development of novel treatment strategies applicable to other age-related diseases, such as osteoarthritis, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases.

Mots-clés : cell senescence,antibody,copd
Projet ERC : CSI-Fun (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing
Entité participante : Medical University of Vienna — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2499875.0 €

Chronic Systemic Inflammation (CSI) resulting from systemic release of inflammatory cytokines and activation of the immune system is responsible for the progression of several debilitating diseases, such as Psoriasis, Arthritis and Cancer. Initially localised diseases can result in CSI with subsequent systemic spread to distant organs, a key patho-physiological phase responsible for major morbidity and even mortality. Despite the importance of CSI, a complete understanding of the molecular mechanisms, signalling pathways and cell types involved, as well as the chronological evolution of the systemic inflammatory response is still elusive. The classical approach to study inflammation has focused on investigating individual cell types or organs in the pathogenesis of a single disease, thereby neglecting important organ cross-talk and systemic interactions. Furthermore, understanding the temporal and spatial kinetics modulating the inflammatory response requires a detailed study of interactions between different immune and non-immune organs at various time points during disease progression in the context of the whole organism. The aim of this research proposal is to substantially advance our understanding of whole organ physiology in relation to systemic inflammation as a cause or/and consequence of disease with the focus on Psoriasis/Joint Diseases and Cancer Cachexia. The goal is to elucidate the molecular mechanisms at the cellular and systemic level, and to decipher endocrine interactions and cross-talks between distant organs. Various model systems ranging from cell cultures to genetically engineered mouse models to human clinical samples will be employed. Genomic, proteomic and metabolomic data will be combined with functional in vivo assessment using mouse models to understand the multi-faceted role of systemic inflammation in chronic human diseases, such as Inflammatory Skin/Joint disease and Cachexia, a deadly systemic manifestation of Cancer.

Mots-clés : mouse models for common human diseases,cancer,inflammation
Projet ERC : SwitchTargeting (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Proof of concept grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : Tel Aviv University — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TAU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 150000.0 €

Chronic antiretroviral therapy (ART) does not eradicate HIV infection. As a potentially single-shot alternative, B cells engineered by CRISPR/Cas9 to express anti-HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) were shown capable of secreting high and neutralizing antibody titers. In particular, we previously demonstrated that, upon immunization of mice, adoptively transferred B cells, that were engineered at the immunoglobulin heavy (IgH) locus by CRISPR/Cas9, differentiate into memory and plasma cells while undergoing class switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hyper mutation (SHM) followed by selection. B cells may thus be engineered as a living and evolving drug. In the current application we plan to greatly enhance the safety, efficacy and the scalability of our approach by engineering the B cells without CRISPR/Cas9. CRISPR/Cas9 cleavage is associated with both on-target and off-target mutagenesis as well as with gross chromosomal aberrations. Importantly, the activation of B cells is associated also with double strand breaks initiated by activation-induced-cytidine-deaminase (AID). Therefore, applying CRISPR/Cas9 to activated B cells may bear a combined risk for potentially oncogenic translocations. To avoid these risks, we reasoned that bNAb genes could be targeted to AID induced breaks at the IgH locus using adeno associated viral vectors (AAV) without CRISPR/Cas9. Here, we present preliminary supporting results and outline the research plan for establishing AID-induced B cell engineering (“Switch targeting”) as a single-shot functional cure of HIV. Switch Targeting includes unique safety features. It addresses viral variability between patients and counteracts viral escape. We have a previous track record in spinning out gene therapy start-up companies to build public, clinical stage companies (Nasdaq: LOGC). Here, we plan to use this experience to translate Switch Targeting from bench to bedside, affect the lives of millions and disrupt a $25B market.

Mots-clés : b cell,antibody,immunotherapy,gene therapy,genome editing,broadly neutralizing antibody
Projet ERC : iBack (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : Technical University of Munich — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TUM
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1229616.0 €

Chronic back pain is a major burden and source of disability worldwide. It is primarily attributed to biomechanical factors. In elderly patients, osteoporosis complicates the biomechanical scenario. Surgery is often required to treat instability-related pain and to restore the balance of the spine. However, when and how to perform surgery remains a highly subjective decision based on the surgeon’s experience, with 2/3 of patients experiencing prolonged pain. We recently established objective, image-based criteria for surgery outcome prediction. As an example, we were able to develop tools for routine density and fracture assessment and demonstrate that screw loosening occurs in >85% of patients with bone mineral density <92 mg/ccm. This directly influences the surgical approach in all spine surgery patients at our institution. Additionally, we improved the prediction of bone strength by advanced image post processing such as scaling indices, finite element and finite cell models. The high-level objective of iBack is to individualize therapy planning in back pain patients. We will improve in-vivo imaging and image analysis to compute individualized biomechanical models that reveal the underlying pathophysiologic process and allow personalized treatment planning and outcome prediction after spine surgery or conservative treatment. The main objectives of iBack are: (1) improving computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine; (2) combining sagittal balance radiographs, CT and MRI of the spine in one biomechanical multi-body simulation (MBS); (3) creating a statistical model that includes both clinical and biomechanical information to reveal interactions between the two and to predict individual treatment success probability. The results of iBack will help to better understand instability-related pain and develop personalized surgical strategies which will have major impacts on patients.

Mots-clés : chronic back pain,diagnostic imaging,magnetic resonance imaging,computed tomography,biomechanical models,finite element models,anthropometric parameters