Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : MACROTRENDS_FINANCE (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : CERCA Institution — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CERCA;I-CERCA
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1336250.0 €

Financial markets constitute the backbone of modern economies, intermediating resources from those who have them (i.e., lenders) to those who can put them to productive use (i.e., borrowers). A defining feature of these markets is that lenders give up goods today in exchange for a promise to receive goods in the future. Clearly, these promises are only valuable if they are expected to be honoured. We can think of promises as being backed by collateral, which – for the purpose of this proposal – I use as a generic term to denote the stream of future income that borrowers can credibly pledge. It is an economy’s stock of collateral that determines the amount and type of promises that can be traded, and thus the ability of financial markets to intermediate resources efficiently. In past research, I have studied the key determinants and effects of an economy’s total stock of collateral. But there is a crucial aspect of the problem that deserves further study. In a world of heterogeneous agents, what matters for the allocative efficiency of financial markets is not just the overall stock of collateral, but also its distribution across firms, sectors and countries. Moreover, this distribution is largely endogenous, as it is shaped by general equilibrium forces and is bound to change when the economy does. In this proposal, I focus on three major ongoing shifts in the global economy and their effects on the distribution of collateral and the efficiency of financial markets: (i) declining interest rates; (ii) rising market power; and (iii) shifting distribution of power across countries.

Mots-clés : macroeconomics,efficiency of financial markets,low interest rates,market power,hegemonic stability
Projet ERC : HWS (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : Fondation Jean-Jacques Laffont - Toulouse sciences économiques — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : JJL-TSE
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1597750.0 €

Our living together is confronted with new challenges, as our modern world widens our public sphere and smushes together groups with different value systems. In turn, agents take refuge in safe spaces, where their behavior and speech are protected from bad inferences. This ambitious project aims at proposing a unified framework- building on the role of the dissemination of personal information- to study social interactions, and at fostering the academic community’s engagement on the study of these new challenges. The first part will build a framework for divisive behaviors (for which agents do not agree on what’s right and wrong). It will endogenize safe spaces and investigate their dark side (externalities, tribal behaviors, outings) as well as their (in)ability to foster the learning of social norms. It will also study theoretically and empirically how society and organizations create a common identity by defining legitimate conversation and designing common narratives. The second part will challenge the received wisdom that transparency is beneficial for consensual behaviors and will bring evidence in this regard; the argument will be based on the first modelling of moral licensing, then applied to the coexistence of public and private spheres; and on the formalization of when the right to oblivion is desirable. Finally, and in line with the commonality argument, the project will investigate coopetition, with implications for international cooperation in innovation and competition policy.

Mots-clés : privacy public sphere divisive behaviors safe spaces moral preferences and narratives coopetition innovation
Projet ERC : DIPAMUTA (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : Fondation Jean-Jacques Laffont - Toulouse sciences économiques — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : JJL-TSE
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 834000.0 €

Digitalization is revolutionizing our economies. The volume of digital payments has increased exponentially, fueled by electronic commerce and financial transactions. Giant internet platforms are now dominant players at the global level and manage to avoid most taxes. New payment service providers are undermining the traditional business model of banks. We lack a conceptual framework for guiding the regulatory and taxation reforms that are needed to adapt to this digital revolution. I will contribute to provide such a framework by examining 3 questions: 1. Digital payments: regulation and/or public provision? I will study how the banking regulatory model, focused essentially on prudential and monetary issues, needs to be adapted to take care of antitrust and privacy issues. I will also examine if the public provision of digital payments can eliminate the risk of domination of the payments industry by a few private platforms. 2. Should we tax digital payments? Current taxes on digital services and financial transactions are, by and large, evaded by businesses. An alternative is to introduce a (small) tax on all digital payments. It could generate a sizable revenue, would be easy to implement, difficult to avoid, but would also generate distortions. I will incorporate payments into a general equilibrium model, and carry out a cost benefit analysis of this “tax for the 21st century”. 3. Multidimensional taxation in a digitalized economy Traditional sectors are deeply impacted by the digitalization of the economy. Thus, it would be appropriate to consider a global reform of the tax system. However, an important theoretical hurdle is to find a way to solve general screening problems with multiple instruments and multiple dimensions of heterogeneity, which nobody has done so far. Based on a recent breakthrough in numerical methods, I will provide such a general solution, and apply it to multidimensional taxation in a digitalized economy.

Mots-clés : multidimensional screening,taxation,payments economics,digital currencies,platform competition
Projet ERC : IN-ROME (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Study of the Human Past
Entité participante : Austrian Institute of Technology — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : AIT
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 127597.5 €

Rome as the first-ever mega-city reaching c.1 million inhabitants in the early empire (1st cent. BCE), remains an enigma regarding the way it organised itself and maintained that size for over three centuries. Having long outgrown the 4th-cent. BCE city walls, the urbanistic structures that developed outside of these, and especially outside the later Aurelian Wall, have never been studied systematically and holistically. IN-ROME aims to fill this fundamental gap. It will describe for the first time how different parts of the population (ethnicities, status groups, genders) and their activities map onto the city’s surroundings via military stations, association seats, sanctuaries, production sites, mines, agriculture, retail, baths, guesthouses, tombs and villas. Translating topographical relations into social ones, it aims significantly to enhance our understanding of the city’s social fabric. Methodologically, IN-ROME breaks new ground by unlocking the enormous potential of inscriptions for our understanding of Rome’s urban development and social fabric through virtual re-contextualisation and statistical analysis. The authoritative Epigraphic Database Roma will be extended to include all Latin and Greek inscriptions with known or probable provenance (totalling c.50,000). They will be linked to Rome’s most sophisticated Digital Archaeological Cadastre, SITAR, via a newly created map layer of 17th-20th-cent. properties (the main historic reference to location). These new resources will allow the exploration of topographical patterns of activities on an unprecedented scale, revolutionising access to a vast pool of historic information and restoring Rome’s people back into their landscape. Outputs include six books and two international conferences with proceedings. The geo-referenced inscriptions and historic property map will be lasting resources beyond this project, and will radically transform a wide range of research from multiple disciplines.

Mots-clés : roman history roman archaeology epigraphy gis databases city of rome
Projet ERC : GO SPACE (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Systems and Communication Engineering
Entité participante : Université technique du Moyen-Orient — Pays : Turquie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ODTÜ
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2433063.0 €

The accelerated pace of space exploration, interplanetary and non-terrestrial connectivity calls for scalable and efficient communication network architectures that can achieve end-to-end effectiveness for increasing numbers of bursty flows, occurring in applications such as remote inference, monitoring and automation. This is made challenging by the variable delays and disruptions that sometimes preclude real-time communication and end-to-end acknowledgements. We propose to tackle this fundamental challenge by leveraging insight and methods from the recent progress in the area of goal or task-oriented communication, by setting three fundamental goals: (1) principles and decision metrics for goal-oriented sampling and multi-user scheduling, that can handle highly variable delay processes that contain memory, (2) random access policies for massive machine-type communications that replace exogeneous arrivals with goal-oriented traffic shaping, and (3) flow control mechanisms that exploit the cross-layer operability at application and link layers of Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networking (DTN) protocols. Through achieving these objectives we will enable effective data flow on space networks using a fraction of the resources with respect to the state-of-the-art, which will provide the required scalability for the growth of interplanetary and non-terrestrial networks (NTN). To ensure the timely transfer of results to the space community, as well as the beneficial impact to the upcoming 6G standard, GO SPACE includes collaborations with specialists in Aerospace and Satellite Networks, and experimentation on real-world satellites and DTN protocols.

Mots-clés : age of information,task oriented communications,multiuser scheduling,random access,energy harvesting,query age of information,qaoi,delay disruption tolerant networking,modern random access,non terrestrial networks,flow control,bundle protocol,store and forward,satellite iot,inter planetary links,inter planetary relays,lora,lorawan,generate at will,service policies,delay process,age of incorrect information,aoii,age penalty,voi,effective communication,6g,spacenets,cubesats,inference,remote monitoring,real time communication,mtc,rtt,udp,acp,prioritization,goal oriented metrics,scheduling policies,slotted aloha,age threshold
Projet ERC : MACRO_POWR_DISTRBUTN (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : Université Pompeu Fabra — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UPF
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2455000.0 €

Market power is about the distribution of economic surplus between firms, customers and workers. In this proposal, I use modern heterogeneous agents macro tools that incorporate heterogeneity in firm productivity, in preferences, and in market structure. I investigate the macroeconomic mechanisms that link market power and distributional characteristics and formulate welfare-improving policies that lead to efficiency gains and re-distribution.  I propose a unifying framework of market power and distribution in general equilibrium, and use unique data to address the following 3 questions:  1. How does firm size determine monopsony power? Large firms have lower markups yet higher markdowns. This is a key determinant behind the lower labor share in superstar firms, but we have no mechanism that explains why. I propose to use the unifying framework and Belgian VAT transaction data combined with matched employer-employee data to quantify the economic mechanism by which markdowns vary in the firm size distribution.  2. How do financial frictions influence market power? Low productivity firms tend to face tighter financial constraints, leading to higher dispersion in the distribution of capital and technology. This in turn increases market power. I have access to data from a private bank (Caixabank) on a representative sample of firms' payroll, accounts, as well as credit. Within the unifying framework I aim to quantify the impact of financial frictions on the distribution of market power.  3. How does labor-saving technological change affect the distribution of the labor share and market power? Technology adoption is driven by the firm's attempt to increase profitability. Incorporating general equilibrium effects and market power, I propose to analyze the substitution patterns within and between firms with the introduction of new technologies. I will use US Census data to quantify the distributional effects of labor-saving technological change.

Mots-clés : macroeconomics market power distribution technology efficiency welfare
Projet ERC : Valence Asymmetries (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Compl exity
Entité participante : Université Pompeu Fabra — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UPF
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2096875.0 €

An asymmetric behavior between the positive and the negative has been evidenced in psychology, for information processing, attention, recognition and decision making, in philosophy, for judgments about morality and intentionality, and in linguistics, for a range of lexical, syntactic, semantic and pragmatic phenomena. Negative information grabs our attention, we process it more carefully, we recall it with greater precision. We easily blame others for the negative side-effects of their actions, but do not praise them for the positive ones. It takes many nice words to overthrow one nasty remark. When we say that something is "not good", we usually imply that it is bad, but by saying "not bad" we do not imply that it is good.  Valence asymmetries have arisen on many horizons but have seldom been brought into correspondence, and are at odds with most theories of value. The present project is a pioneering attempt to secure the premises for a cross-fertilization between the different accounts of valence asymmetries. It will deploy methods from philosophy (argumentation and conceptual analysis), formal semantic and value-theoretic models, and experimental methodology from psycholinguistics and moral psychology. It has three main objectives: - highlight the fundamental role that valence plays beyond emotion, in particular, in value judgments and language; - examine what the different asymmetries have in common, and whether they call for a unified explanation; - show that valence asymmetries are not necessarily irrational, but often derive from a fundamental asymmetry between positive and negative value, and, as such, are a key component of our cognitive and linguistic architecture.  Furthermore, we will (a) articulate the relationship among the notions of valence, value and polarity; (b) put forward a novel account of the asymmetry of negation; (c) unearth new asymmetries in the realm of morality, virtue and vice; and (d) provide an account of valence reversals.

Mots-clés : evaluative language affective meaning value judgments positive and negative valence semantics of antonyms polarity moral theory
Projet ERC : NORN (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Texts and Concepts
Entité participante : Nasjonalbiblioteket — Pays : Norvège — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 370976.0 €

NORN seeks to uncover both the affective and ideological dynamics of romantic nationalism, examining how collective emotions related to the idea of the nation were harnessed, activated, and constructed through literature and theater, using Norway as a case study. NORN forges a highly innovative approach combining cultural studies, affect theory, critical race studies, and reception studies with qualitative methods taken from literary studies and history as well as quantitative methods from the digital humanities in order to achieve three interconnected objectives: 1) a comprehensive modeling of nineteenth-century Norwegian literature using machine learning, 2) a meta-critical re-assessment of literary historiography as an explicitly romantic nationalist project, and 3) a radical re-evaluation of the impact of transnational romantic performance culture on nation-building. NORN approaches romantic nationalism from two distinctive perspectives: on the one hand the project seeks to understand the affective register of romantic nationalism qualitatively, which entails meticulous investigation of a wide range of sources through an innovative combination of theoretical lenses in order to recontextualize it as what Raymond Williams famously called a “structure of feeling.” On the other hand, NORN profoundly decontextualizes the literary works themselves through so-called “distant reading” methods, carrying out an ambitious computational modeling of the entire nineteenth-century literary field; this will enable an interrogation of prevailing master narratives about periodization and processes of inclusion/exclusion, delineating romantic nationalism based on far more transparent criteria than those that underpin traditional literary historiographical methods.
Projet ERC : ANTHROFUTURE (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Soci al World and Its Interactions
Entité participante : State of Maryland — Pays : Etats-Unis — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 0.0 €

The future has been neglected as an object of anthropological study, even though our complex social, ecological and now, with COVID-19, biopolitical crises demand novel imaginations of the ‘yet-to-come’. Moreover, anthropologists have urged the decolonisation of existing studies of the future that are often based in the global north’s concerns. ANTHROFUTURE shifts the focus of the anthropology of the future to the pandemic-induced acceleration of the future into the present. The project identifies the art world – historically featuring a high degree of experimentalism, a strong future-orientation, and, particularly in emerging markets in the global south, an openness to risk and speculation – as a crucial site for ground-breaking anthropological knowledge on the future. The pandemic forced the art world to quickly develop innovative digital solutions to replace physical events; the result is a new, fully integrated physical and digital system. While pre-pandemic scholarship on the art world largely focuses on institutions, professionals and activities as physical phenomena, there is no scholarship on this new digital-physical infrastructure. ANTHROFUTURE further acknowledges the global south as the most vital site for modeling the future by situating its research in India and Pakistan as active and mutually entangled art world locations. ANTHROFUTURE introduces three novel modes of inquiry: 1) systematic research on the digital-physical art world as an ethnographic site for the study of the future; 2) innovative multimodal methodologies for studying the future that combine in-person, digital and visual ethnography, large-scale social media data harvesting, and artist subprojects; 3) analytical and theoretical advancements on the future as a time zone in comparative terms and across the regional contexts. Embedded in anthropology, the project pursues these objectives driven by the PI’s extensive research on the past and present of the art world and the global south.

Mots-clés : art world,future,digital worlds
Projet ERC : NEUTRINOSHOT (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Universe Sciences
Entité participante : Université technique de Munich — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 3169384.0 €

For over a century, ultra-high energy cosmic rays (CR) have been observed by scientists, but their energy and place of production remain a mystery. At very high energies, neutrinos generated by CR carry messages from, e.g., the verge of supermassive black holes, but here our understanding is limited. Tracking neutrinos offers a way to trace the origin of the highest energetic particles in the universe. The stumbling block is that neutrinos, the ghost particles, are notoriously tough to detect. A target of at least a Gigaton of natural transparent material, like water or ice, must be instrumented to collect neutrinos from the cosmos. Currently, only IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the South Pole has the exposure to detect very high-energy neutrinos beyond Earth’s atmosphere. More and larger telescopes are needed to advance on this promising, rich path of fundamental discoveries in astro and particle physics. The objectives of NEUTRINOSHOT are to significantly advance the development of telescopes that detect far beyond the reach of IceCube, and make the exploration of cosmic accelerators more affordable. This can only be achieved with multi-cubic-kilometre (km) neutrino telescopes, currently limited by the scalability of technology to volumes beyond the cubic km. To this end, the lead researcher has identified the optimum testing location and established a scientific relationship with Ocean Networks Canada (ONC) to pioneer this global network as a testbed infrastructure for first case testing, deployment, and use of a new multi-line array neutrino telescope capable of functioning in extreme deep sea environmental conditions with improved sensitivities by orders of magnitude. This project will detect the first neutrinos in the Pacific Ocean and give neutrino astronomy a new “shot” to bring science a major step closer to revealing the hidden parts of our universe.

Mots-clés : active galactic nuclei,particle acceleration in cosmic sites,bioluminescence,oceanography