Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : PIETRA (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : National University of Ireland — Pays : Irlande — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : NUI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1892541.0 €

PIETRA is the first, large-scale, multilingual study of the translation products and processes that underpin communication in global religion. The project focuses on translation practices in the institution of the Catholic Church and the multilingual communication of religious messages against a background of technological change. PIETRA studies an institution with a distinct ideology and a history of multilingualism in order to capture how it has used forms of mass media in its communicative goals. It poses key research questions relating to consistency of message in a large multilingual institution across different languages, cultures and communicative formats. PIETRA analyses the translation processes and products of the Catholic Church across three different media (print, web and social media) and in two different time periods to advance understandings of how multilingual dissemination intersects with technological change and institutional ideology. It significantly expands the study of religious translation from core canonical texts to wider media platforms and multimodal forms of communication, addressing fundamental gaps in the study of the linguistic aspect of online religion. PIETRA combines the latest advances in empirical translation research, data capture and analytics, with sociological and ethnographic investigations to form a model for the analysis of the products and processes of large-scale multilingual dissemination. The innovative methodological design offers a completely new approach to the study of religious translation, on a scale that has not been attempted before. PIETRA introduces four key innovations: it places the issue of language at the heart of discussions of religious communication; it questions the presence of religious translation in a globalised communication circuit; it analyses the impact of the material carrier and media form on translation; and it examines translation practices through an institutional prism.

Mots-clés : translation,religion,media,institution,catholic church,global communication,multilingual dissemination
Projet ERC : POLITSOLID (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : University of Zurich — Pays : Suisse — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UZH
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 0.0 €

POLITSOLID investigates the micro-foundations of political solidarities in fast-changing European polities. It analyses why some ordinary citizens show a high overall willingness to shoulder costs of public redistribution to other people in a polity, while others do not; and why ordinary citizens have multiple levels of willingness to shoulder costs depending on who receives the benefit. Relevance: Having high levels of political solidarities is important for modern democracies to deal with exogenous shocks and long-term structural changes in their societies, which create pressures on the political system. Recent exogenous shocks in Europe that brought the necessity of political solidarities to light were the financial crisis (2007/8) with its extensive transnational bail-out policies across the European Union and the large refugee intake (2015/16). Relevant long-term structural changes are population ageing, rising income inequality and mass immigration. This project answers the overarching research question: What drives political solidarities in modern European democracies? Objectives • To create a novel theoretical and empirical framework that allows simultaneous modelling of multiple political solidarities and that includes the individual as well as the macro levels to enable better predictions about how people behave. • To test causal mechanisms with a range of mostly experimental methods to get a better understanding of causality where observational studies have so far dominated. • To isolate effective levers that political actors can pull to create political solidarities. Data: POLITSOLID collects and analyses new data from (1) lab experiments & online surveys, (2) a simulated artificial state ‘Novaland’ in which volunteers from Austria, Germany & Switzerland act as citizens in an online environment, with experimental treatments applied, (3) an international panel survey in six countries and (4) field experiments in collaboration with real political actors.

Mots-clés : public redistribution,welfare state,solidarity,experiments,attitudes,survey,europe,public policy
Projet ERC : PROTEUS (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : University of Milan — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UNIMI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 260317.92 €

PROTEUS studies main strategies devised by Western philosophy in representing time in cosmology. It aims at modifying current metaphysics and its relationship with cosmology in the light of recent scientific debates in quantum gravity and quantum cosmology, thereby boosting a new research field in history and philosophy of cosmology. The project is based on two hypotheses: 1) the history of philosophy reveals a guideline that can be traced back to Plato and that characterizes physical and metaphysical approaches to the question of the beginning of the universe in terms of a tension between fundamentality and non-fundamentality of time; 2) there is a conceptual problematic assumption in Western culture and it consists in shaping the problem of the origin of the world as a problem of thinking about the very same conditions of possibility of the origin of a process that is not in time. The project spells out the conceptual roots of current representations of time in quantum gravity and quantum cosmology and highlights the conceptual break that they provide with respect to philosophical concepts of time portrayed in previous systems. PROTEUS explores in detail the notions of time and the paradoxes emerging in the philosophy and cosmology of Plato and Kant and identifies the fundamental characters of emergent time in current quantum gravity theories. In identifying these fundamental features, PROTEUS produces conceptual innovation in metaphysics in such a way that philosophical investigation is complementary to the development of current theories. PROTEUS elaborates alternative argument(s) to anthropic principle, as well as new categories accounting for the notion of ‘contingent necessity’ of the world. The research team includes members from different backgrounds (philosophy, mathematics and physics) and will promote the application of a new methodology emphasizing the relevance of the history of philosophy and the actual interaction between philosophers and scientists.

Mots-clés : plato,timaeus,kant,antinomies,time,space,change,universe,quantum gravity
Projet ERC : Brain2Bee (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Complexity
Entité participante : University of London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : U. London
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 0.0 €

Parkinson’s Disease is usually characterised by motor impairment, and Autism by social difficulties. However, the co-occurrence of social and motor symptoms is critically underappreciated; Parkinson’s Disease patients exhibit social symptoms, and motor difficulties are common in Autism. At present, the biological basis of co-occurring social and motor impairment is unclear. Notably, both Autism and Parkinson’s Disease have been associated with dopamine (DA) system dysfunction and, in non-clinical populations, DA has been linked with social and motor ability. These disparate strands of research have never been combined. Brain2Bee will use psychopharmacology in typical individuals to develop a model of the relationship between DA, Motor, and Social behaviour – the DAMS model. Brain2Bee will use sophisticated genetic analysis to refine DAMS, elucidating the contributions of DA-related biological processes (e.g. synthesis, receptor expression, reuptake). Brain2Bee will then test DAMS’ predictions in patients with Parkinson’s Disease and Autism. Finally, Brain2Bee will investigate whether DAMS generalises to an animal model, the honey bee, enabling future research to unpack the cascade of biological events linking DA-related genes with social and motor behaviour. Brain2Bee will unite disparate research fields and establish the DAMS model. The causal structure of DAMS will identify the impact of dopaminergic variation on social and motor function in clinical and non-clinical populations, elucidating, for example, whether social difficulties in Parkinson’s Disease are a product of the motor difficulties caused by DA dysfunction. DAMS’ biological specificity will provide unique insight into the DA-related processes linking social and motor difficulties in Autism. Thus, Brain2Bee will determine the type of dopaminergic drugs (e.g. receptor blockers, reuptake inhibitors) most likely to improve both social and motor function.

Mots-clés : social cognition,kinematics,emotion recognition,mentalising
Projet ERC : PaDyFlow (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : Université Paris Cité — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UP Cité
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 396750.0 €

Particle laden flows are ubiquitous in nature and industrial applications. Particle trajectories determine transport in porous media or biomedical conducts and effective suspension properties dictate flow behavior in food processing or biofluid flow. For a better control it is necessary to know how to predict these processes from the involved particle and flow properties. However, current theory is not able to capture the complexity of the applications and experiments have been carried out on too diverse systems for a unifying picture to emerge. A systematic experimental approach is now needed to improve the present understanding. In this experimental project, we will use novel microfabrication and characterization methods to obtain a set of complex anisotropic microscopic particles (complemented by selected bioparticles) with tunable properties, covering size, shape, deformability and activity. The transport of these particles isolated or in small concentrations will be studied in chosen microfluidic model flows of simple fluids or polymer solutions. The many degrees of freedom of this problem will be addressed by systematically combining different relevant particle and flow properties. The macroscopic properties of dilute suspensions are particularly interesting from a fundamental point of view as they are a direct consequence of the individual particle flow interaction and will be measured using original microfluidic rheometers of outstanding resolution. This project will lead to a comprehensive understanding of fluid structure interactions at small Reynolds number. Our findings will constitute the basis for novel numerical approaches based on experimentally validated hypotheses. Using our knowledge, local flow sensors, targeted delivery and novel microfluidic filtration or separation devices can be designed. Combining particles of chosen properties and selected suspending fluids allows the fabrication of suspensions with unprecedented tailored properties.

Mots-clés : fluid structure interactions,microfluidics,rheology,active fluids
Projet ERC : PaDyFlow (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1575000.0 €

Particle laden flows are ubiquitous in nature and industrial applications. Particle trajectories determine transport in porous media or biomedical conducts and effective suspension properties dictate flow behavior in food processing or biofluid flow. For a better control it is necessary to know how to predict these processes from the involved particle and flow properties. However, current theory is not able to capture the complexity of the applications and experiments have been carried out on too diverse systems for a unifying picture to emerge. A systematic experimental approach is now needed to improve the present understanding. In this experimental project, we will use novel microfabrication and characterization methods to obtain a set of complex anisotropic microscopic particles (complemented by selected bioparticles) with tunable properties, covering size, shape, deformability and activity. The transport of these particles isolated or in small concentrations will be studied in chosen microfluidic model flows of simple fluids or polymer solutions. The many degrees of freedom of this problem will be addressed by systematically combining different relevant particle and flow properties. The macroscopic properties of dilute suspensions are particularly interesting from a fundamental point of view as they are a direct consequence of the individual particle flow interaction and will be measured using original microfluidic rheometers of outstanding resolution. This project will lead to a comprehensive understanding of fluid structure interactions at small Reynolds number. Our findings will constitute the basis for novel numerical approaches based on experimentally validated hypotheses. Using our knowledge, local flow sensors, targeted delivery and novel microfluidic filtration or separation devices can be designed. Combining particles of chosen properties and selected suspending fluids allows the fabrication of suspensions with unprecedented tailored properties.

Mots-clés : fluid structure interactions,microfluidics,rheology,active fluids
Projet ERC : ImmProDynamics (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy
Entité participante : Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : OvGU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499525.0 €

Pathogen proliferation has profound implications for its persistence, treatment strategies, and the induction and execution of protective immune responses. In vivo, pathogen proliferation rates are heterogenic, confronting the immune system with a variety of microbial physiological states. It is unknown if, and by what molecular mechanism, the immune response can distinguish these different states on a cellular level. Also, understanding the link between pathogen proliferation and immune cell dynamics could provide critical information on how infections can be controlled, and how to counteract pathogen persistence and antibiotic resistance. However, this question has never been addressed due to difficulties in studying the dynamics of immune cells and at the same time probing pathogen proliferation. In this project, we will make use of a novel in vivo reporter system that I have developed, in order to determine the role of the pathogen's proliferation for its interaction with the immune system. Specifically, we will (1) determine the tissue niche in which the pathogen proliferates, (2) investigate the differential dynamics of phagocyte-pathogen- and of T cell-APC-interactions related to pathogen proliferation rate, (3) manipulate the relationship between pathogen proliferation and immune cell dynamics by using proliferation-deficient mutants and optogenetic pathogen inactivation, (4) identify signaling pathways that are differentially induced in cells infected by high versus low proliferating pathogens, and test their involvement in differential immune cell dynamics related to pathogen proliferation. ImmProDynamics will for the first time provide insights into how cells of the immune system react to distinct pathogen proliferative states in vivo. This will greatly expand our knowledge of host-pathogen interactions, which will be critical for the design of efficient vaccines and antimicrobial therapy.
Projet ERC : BloodTurbine (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Proof of concept grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : Koç University — Pays : Turquie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 150000.0 €

Patient population with end-stage heart failure in the EU grows by 5M annually. Due to donor shortage, only a handful of patients ever receive cardiac transplantation. Unfortunately, this results in 250K deaths every year. Long-term mechanical circulatory support (MCS) is a solution, but external power needs result in driveline infections and bulky systems limiting patient mobility. An innovative blood turbine device emerged from the parent ERC that can overcome these limitations. This novel turbine can drive MCS by transferring the available cardiovascular energy to the diseased site without the need of external power. The proposed passive concept (at TRL 6-7) will realize the long-sought use of ventricle assist devices (VAD) as a destination therapy. PoC project will enable the timely translation of a disruptive device to the bedside, by completing device optimization, comparative analysis and key preclinical experiments in accordance with the new MDR regulatory framework. Business development, valuation and IPR activities are also budgeted. Elimination of the bulky power systems and control units allowed three-dimensional printing of this artificial heart from biocompatible resins. This resulted a new “customized” VAD concept that can be precisely tailored for each individual patient needs. Furthermore, the comparatively low product cost (€1K vs. €120K) will allow access to a major untapped global market reaching 18 million people annually, as many developing countries have no access to expensive MCS systems. These intriguing business opportunities will be validated, and major commercialization tasks will be completed through a strong team of business mentors, clinicians and cardiovascular device experts. In addition to the adults with right-heart failure, the developed device will improve the post-operative quality life of children with heart defects that require staged cardiovascular surgeries. Socioeconomic impacts span both the patients and their families.

Mots-clés : cardiovascular engineering,ventricle assist devices,hemodynamics,congenital heart defects,pediatric cardiovascular surgery,blood pumps,artificial heart
Projet ERC : Social Smart (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Complexity
Entité participante : University of Amsterdam — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UvA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1500000.0 €

Peer influence has long been established as one of the most important factors in almost all aspects of adolescent development and behavior, including academic achievement, prosocial behavior and risk-taking. More recently, peer influence seems to be amplified by developments in social media (e.g. viral risk-taking challenges). However, surprisingly little is known about the mechanisms underlying peer influence, or why adolescents are specifically sensitivity. The primary goal of this proposal is to gain insights in the role of social information in adolescent behavior, by developing a new theoretical framework that will be formalized in novel computational models. First, in contrast with previous accounts, adolescents are not treated as the passive receivers of social information, but considered as agents that play an active role in searching for social information. This search revolves around two main questions: when to search for social information, and who to learn from. To track development in social learning strategies I will develop novel tasks to investigate (1) when, and how much, social information is searched for, and (2) who adolescents will go to. Second, I will employ computational models in combination with functional magnetic imaging to gain insight in how brain development, and pubertal hormones are associated with changes in specific computational processes that are involved in social learning. Thirdly, social learning will for the first time be studied experimentally in real peer social networks. Social network analyses will be used to elucidate the impact of different types of peers, and to study the diffusion of information through peer groups. Our findings will significantly advance our understanding of the mechanisms of social learning in the context of real world social networks. Such fundamental knowledge can inform the development of interventions preventing risk or promoting prosocial behavior and educational outcomes.

Mots-clés : social network analyses,social learning,adolescent,fmri,brain development
Projet ERC : BrainEnergy (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System
Entité participante : University of London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : U. London
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2499954.0 €

Pericytes, located at intervals along capillaries, have recently been revealed as major controllers of brain blood flow. Normally, they dilate capillaries in response to neuronal activity, increasing local blood flow and energy supply. But in pathology they have a more sinister role. After artery block causes a stroke, the brain suffers from the so-called “no-reflow” phenomenon - a failure to fully reperfuse capillaries, even after the upstream occluded artery has been reperfused successfully. The resulting long-lasting decrease of energy supply damages neurons. I have shown that a major cause of no-reflow lies in pericytes: during ischaemia they constrict and then die in rigor. This reduces capillary diameter and blood flow, and probably degrades blood-brain barrier function. However, despite their crucial role in regulating blood flow physiologically and in pathology, little is known about the mechanisms by which pericytes function. By using blood vessel imaging, patch-clamping, two-photon imaging, optogenetics, immunohistochemistry, mathematical modelling, and live human tissue obtained from neurosurgery, this programme of research will: (i) define the signalling mechanisms controlling capillary constriction and dilation in health and disease; (ii) identify the relative contributions of neurons, astrocytes and microglia to regulating pericyte tone; (iii) develop approaches to preventing brain pericyte constriction and death during ischaemia; (iv) define how pericyte constriction of capillaries and pericyte death contribute to Alzheimer’s disease; (v) extend these results from rodent brain to human brain pericytes as a prelude to developing therapies. The diseases to which pericytes contribute include stroke, spinal cord injury, diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease. These all have an enormous economic impact, as well as causing great suffering for patients and their carers. This work will provide novel therapeutic approaches for treating these diseases.

Mots-clés : pericyte,capillary,stroke,alzheimer s,cerebral blood flow