Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : EXTORT (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : University of Oslo — Pays : Norvège — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UiO
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 51400.0 €

Extortion had come to occupy a quintessential position in the global imaginary of mafia-type-criminal organizations. Yet it is also increasingly present beyond clandestine criminal networks and is becoming a normalised profitable source of livelihood and governance and a key visible social relation in many parts of the world. Systematic research on and explanatory models for the apparent expansion and rountinisation of extortion in everyday life (including cyber-extortion) are currently lacking. Timely, the project sets up extortion as an object of anthropological inquiry and charts the first comprehensive cross-cultural account of extortion in social life across South and East Asia, the Americas, Africa and Europe. The proposed program of work consists of 5 main components: 1) Primary research on ‘offers that cannot be refused' across different domains of life in and across 22 settings; 2) Analytical and theoretical development in the study of power, consent and organized crime; 3) Methodological innovation by conducting a simultaneous cross-national ethnographic research and adding a South-to-South comparative angle in an area dominated by single case studies and a focus on the Global North; 4) Capability enhancement by forging an international network of scholars in the emerging field of the anthropology of crime and supporting the careers of the project's 5 Post-docs; 5) Policy relevant research in the fields of violence and consent, organized crime, informal economy and development. The study capitalises on previous research and skills of the PI in the cross-cultural study of bossism, politics and kinship and 'mafias' in the global South. Research will be embedded in anthropology but informed by empirical and analytical questions relevant to criminology, political science, economics and development studies.

Mots-clés : violence  force,intimidation,consent,protection,power,informal,criminal economies,governance,organized crime
Projet ERC : EXTORT (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : University of Reading — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 0.0 €

Extortion had come to occupy a quintessential position in the global imaginary of mafia-type-criminal organizations. Yet it is also increasingly present beyond clandestine criminal networks and is becoming a normalised profitable source of livelihood and governance and a key visible social relation in many parts of the world. Systematic research on and explanatory models for the apparent expansion and rountinisation of extortion in everyday life (including cyber-extortion) are currently lacking. Timely, the project sets up extortion as an object of anthropological inquiry and charts the first comprehensive cross-cultural account of extortion in social life across South and East Asia, the Americas, Africa and Europe. The proposed program of work consists of 5 main components: 1) Primary research on ‘offers that cannot be refused' across different domains of life in and across 22 settings; 2) Analytical and theoretical development in the study of power, consent and organized crime; 3) Methodological innovation by conducting a simultaneous cross-national ethnographic research and adding a South-to-South comparative angle in an area dominated by single case studies and a focus on the Global North; 4) Capability enhancement by forging an international network of scholars in the emerging field of the anthropology of crime and supporting the careers of the project's 5 Post-docs; 5) Policy relevant research in the fields of violence and consent, organized crime, informal economy and development. The study capitalises on previous research and skills of the PI in the cross-cultural study of bossism, politics and kinship and 'mafias' in the global South. Research will be embedded in anthropology but informed by empirical and analytical questions relevant to criminology, political science, economics and development studies.

Mots-clés : violence  force,intimidation,consent,protection,power,informal,criminal economies,governance,organized crime
Projet ERC : BiopSense (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Proof of concept grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering
Entité participante : University of Jyväskylä — Pays : Finlande — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 149999.99 €

Extremely high sensitivity is needed for the detection of cancer biomarkers during the follow-up of the treatment or post-operation period. We have identified a novel technology that enables very sensitive detection of single-nucleotide polymorphism from blood, enabling point-of-care screening of liquid biopsies. Our diagnostics platform will consist of new chemistry and device, and is an open system for designing new diagnostic targets. This will enable customized follow-up of the cancer medication in local hospitals and health care centers. The technology is based on our invention (US patent allowed) further developed in the ERC CoG project, but will have features for automated sample preparation and lab-on-chip design, which need to be verified and combined in the complete platform. For pre-commercialization of the technology, the sensitivity and accuracy of the chemistry will be determined and compared against competing mass spectrometric platform (UltraSEEK by Agena), upgrading our technology from phase TRL 4 to TRL 5. Patent shield of the technology is extended and options for transferring IPR from the University are clarified. Results are presented in investor convention and oncology conferences, and negotiations with investors and out-licensors are started. Three international biotech companies take part in the steering group. The technology allows business potential in device and kit production, but especially in international service business for personalised panel components and medical consultation. The expected price of the device and sample prep will be 30-40% cheaper than that of the closest competitor, but even better it allows flexible design of personalized diagnostic panels. The development for boosting the innovation to market will continue either through a spin-out supported by international investors, together with partnering companies, or through out-licensing.

Mots-clés : diagnostics,cancer,liquid biopsy,genetic,monitoring,biomarker,microfluidistics,cmos,array,minisequencing,single base extension,therapeutics
Projet ERC : STAMP (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Physical and analytical chemical sciences
Entité participante : University of Amsterdam — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UvA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2499780.0 €

Extremely high separation powers are required to fully characterize complex mixtures that are of crucial importance in many fields, such as life science (including systems biology), food science, renewable energy sources and feedstocks, and high-tech materials. The STAMP project is aimed at obtaining a peak capacity of one million in liquid-phase analytical separations. Spatial three-dimensional liquid chromatography will be used to achieve this goal. The major advantage of this technique is that all second-dimension separations and – in a next step – all third-dimension separations are performed in parallel. This allows high-resolution separations to be performed in each dimension, while the total analysis time remains reasonable. Optical and mass-spectrometric imaging techniques are envisaged as detection methods after printing (STAMPing) the effluent from the 3D separation body on a suitable substrate. The STAMP project also has a number of sub-targets that will bring additional significant benefits to all the above application fields. The target and the sub-targets of the STAMP project may be summarized as follows. • Separations with a peak capacity of 1,000,000 (through the use of spatial 3D-LC) • Fast and efficient spatial 2D-LC separations • Devices for spatial 2D-LC and 3D-LC • Detection principles for spatial 2D-LC and 3D-LC • Suitable stationary-phase materials and mechanisms for orthogonal 2D and 3D separations • Relevant applications of all of the above in various fields of science.

Mots-clés : liquid chromatography,analytical separation science,multi dimensional separations
Projet ERC : F-Addict (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System
Entité participante : University of Geneva — Pays : Suisse — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UNIGE
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2499748.0 €

F-Addict strives to unravel the neural circuits driving compulsion in fentanyl addiction. We ask the question how fentanyl causes fast transition from medical or recreational controlled drug use to compulsive consumption. About a third of opioid users eventually loose control, which increases the risk of death by overdose; a number that is even higher for fentanyl and definitely exceeds the transition observed with psychostimulants. The neural correlate of this difference remains elusive. We posit that repetitive withdrawal leads to strong negative reinforcement, which in conjunction with inherent positive reinforcement favors the transition to compulsion. F-Addict will uncover the synaptic processes and neuronal population activity leading to addiction in a mouse model of oral fentanyl self-administration. Much preliminary data implicate activity in the mesolimbic dopamine system and upstream subcortical regions (paraventricular thalamus/habenula/basolateral amygdala) in positive and negative reinforcement, respectively. In addition, top down control, in particular by the orbitofrontal cortex may drive compulsive drug use. The proposed project will harness advanced circuit investigations for an innovative, original perspective: how does positive and negative reinforcement in fentanyl addiction contrast with current circuit models of addiction that are based on psychostimulants? In a translational spirit, F-Addict will also examine the effects of oral substitution with methadone and buprenorphine, recognized therapies for opioid addiction. Much preliminary data provides proof of feasibility and principle. We are confident that our approach at the frontiers of modern neurosciences carries the potential for groundbreaking results to answer a timely question. Unraveling the neural basis of fentanyl addiction will enhance the molecular understanding of circuit modulation to shape future therapies facing the still growing opioid epidemic.

Mots-clés : addiction,opioids,synapses,circuits
Projet ERC : FOODCULT (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : Anglia Ruskin University — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : ARU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 29240.0 €

FOODCULT is the first project to establish both the fundamentals of everyday diet, and the cultural ‘meaning’ of food and drink, in early modern Ireland. Exploring the period 1550-1650, one of major economic development, unprecedented intercultural contact, but also of conquest, colonisation and war, it focusses on Ireland as a case-study for understanding the role of food in the demonstration and negotiation of authority and power, and as a site for the development of emergent ‘national’ food cultures. Moving well beyond the colonial narrative of Irish social and economic development, however, it enlarges the study of food to examine neglected themes in Irish historiography, including gender, class, kinship and religious identities, as expressed through the consumption and exchange of food and drink. Taking advantage of recent archaeological discoveries and the unprecedented accessibility of the archaeological evidence, the project develops a ground-breaking interdisciplinary approach, merging micro-historical analytical techniques with science and experimental archaeology, to examine what was eaten, where, why and by whom, at a level of detail deemed impossible for Irish history. Such questions will be explored in a comparative British Isles context, situating Irish developments within a broader analytical framework, whilst moving English food historiography beyond its current insular focus. As a corollary, the project will produce the first major database of diet-related archaeological evidence for this period Mapping Diet: Comparative Food-Ways in Early Modern Ireland, while making accessible the only existing household accounts, a hugely significant, and previously overlooked, quantitative and qualitative source for dietary trends. These resources will shed light, not just on consumption patterns, but on Ireland’s broader economic and social development, whilst significantly furthering research agendas in early modern historical and archaeological scholarship.

Mots-clés : interdisciplinary approaches to consumption,history and archaeology of food and nutrition
Projet ERC : VesselNet (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : Technion – Israel Institute of Technology — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2375000.0 €

Facial reconstruction usually involves the use of autologous grafts or composite tissue allografts, which are highly complex tissues that pose significant challenges to tissue engineering experts. Tissue engineering of independent facial elements, e.g., bone, adipose, skin and muscle tissues, has been demonstrated. However, to date, no composite soft tissues composed of multiple facial layers have been created. Composite facial tissue engineering will require proper innervation and vascularization, essential to support generation of large thick implants. However, techniques for effective innervation of engineered tissues are currently insufficient and generation of well-vascularized large and thick engineered tissues is still one of the major obstacles limiting their translation to the clinic. Our goal is to engineer thick, composite, human-scale, facial tissues (muscle-adipose-dermis composite, and bone) of a personally adaptable shape, that will be vascularized in-vitro, and innervated upon transplantation. Our concept is to create in-vitro a functional vascular network (VesselNet), composed of both large and small vessels, within engineered constructs, which will allow for the generation of thick engineered tissues under continuous flow conditions. 3D bio-printing techniques will be applied to create the engineered tissues. These tissues will serve as a model to study mechanisms involved in vessel anastomosis, and tissue organization and stabilization. The applicability of the engineered composite soft and bone tissues will be evaluated in facial, breast and abdominal wall defect reconstruction models, and in an open fracture model. Such engineered large-scale composite tissues are expected to have a major impact on reconstructive surgery and will shed light on yet unknown tissue organization mechanisms.

Mots-clés : engineered thick composite tissues,vascularization,muscle,bone,adipose,innervation,3d bio printing,reconstructive surgery
Projet ERC : DYNAMIC (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution
Entité participante : Institut français de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Ifremer
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1706212.5 €

Facing the therapeutic impasse of antibiotics, farming systems, among which aquaculture, should consider the extraordinary resource of phages, the natural bacterial predators, for environmental friendly practices. It is, however, crucial to understand how phages can control pathogens in a sustainable and safety manner. The goal of this project is to shed light on key ecological and evolutionary processes underlying phage-bacteria dynamics in the marine environment. An oyster bacterial pathogen, Vibrio crassostreae and its infecting phages will be used as model system to investigate the molecular bases and evolution of phage infections in nature. Based on a field approach, we will determine whether phages influence V. crassostreae dynamics in the wild by reducing bacterial density via predation and if co-evolution applies in this natural system. Combining comparative and functional genomics we will identify genes involved in the phage host range, host resistance, and phage–host coevolution. Exploring phage-vibrio interactions in culture, we will analyze whether fitness costs can constrain evolution of resistance in oyster hemolymph. We will identify vibrio virulence genes that are negatively selected by phages. In addition we will study whether phages in combination act synergistically to control V. crassostreae. Focusing on a T4-giant phage as a model, we will assess the molecular mechanisms underpinning its broad host range and decipher its potential to spread bacterial genes by horizontal gene transfer. We will finally revisit the phylogenomics of T4-related phages, and reconstruct the T4-giant phage ancestral genome to determine how the ability to infect multiple hosts has evolved in this group. This project has significant potential to make truly ground breaking discoveries on phage-bacteria coevolution providing new and major knowledge for the future generation of phage therapy in aquaculture.

Mots-clés : vibrio,phage,aquaculture,evolution ecology,trade off,synergy,horizontal gene transfers
Projet ERC : MERMAID (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : Université Côte d'Azur — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UCA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 58698.75 €

Facing today’s radical deterioration of marine ecosystems, marine historical ecology has a pivotal role in measuring the impacts of past environmental and human pressures on marine biodiversity, with the aim of understanding the resilience of socio-ecosystems and proposing a sustainable management of marine resources. Recent studies confirm that human groups begun “fishing down the food web” earlier than previously believed. The Mediterranean, this palimpsest landscape, offers a unique archive of undisrupted sea-harvesting activities and a precious palaeoenvironmental indicator, i.e., the remains of marine organisms from archaeological excavations. Although independent studies have increased our knowledge of how Mediterranean resources were exploited, MERMAID proposes an integrated long-term study to understand: a) how marine resources have been influenced by environmental/human pressures, b) when human impact can first be identified, and c) the ways ancient societies depended on these resources and adapted exploitation strategies. MERMAID will first produce an unprecedented archaeofisheries synthesis (M-ARCHIVES Database) of every available dataset, covering several millennia from the Palaeolithic to the Roman era and Mediterranean biogeographical subdivisions. An unconventional combination of approaches (zooarchaeology, marine biology, isotope analysis, fisheries science, ecological modelling, statistics, input of anthropological, geomorphological and palaeoclimatological data) will then be applied on a critical sample from major spatiotemporal contexts (9,000 specimens from 154 sites) at a multi-scale resolution never envisioned before. The results will be key to reconstruct marine ecosystem states (baselines) through time, provide robust evidence of shifting baselines, and assess the nature and degree of human adaptations to shifting ecosystems. The project aspires to make archaeological data exploitable within historical syntheses and marine management studies.

Mots-clés : marine historical ecology,oceans past,marine zooarchaeology  shells,fish bones from archaeological excavations,mediterranean,ancient marine resources,marine trophic levels,shifting baselines,environmental change,marine resource exploitation,impact of fishing activities,prehistory antiquity
Projet ERC : FatemapB (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy
Entité participante : Lund University — Pays : Suède — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499905.0 €

FateMapB aims to understand how the unique differentiation potential of fetal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) contribute to functionally distinct cell types of the adult immune system. While most immune cells are replenished by HSPCs through life, others emerge during a limited window in fetal life and sustain through self-renewal in situ. The lineage identity of fetal HSPCs, and the extent of their contribution to the adult immune repertoire remain surprisingly unclear. I previously identified the fetal specific RNA binding protein Lin28b as a post-transcriptional molecular switch capable of inducing fetal-like hematopoiesis in adult bone marrow HSPCs (Yuan et al. Science, 2012). This discovery has afforded me with unique perspectives on the formation of the mammalian immune system. The concept that the mature immune system is a mosaic of fetal and adult derived cell types is addressed herein with an emphasis on the B cell lineage. We will use two complementary lineage-tracing technologies to stratify the immune system as a function of developmental time, generating fundamental insight into the division of labor between fetal and adult HSPCs that ultimately provides effective host protection. Aim 1. Determine the qualitative and quantitative contribution of fetal HSPCs to the mature immune repertoire in situ through Cre recombination mediated lineage-tracing. Aim 2. Resolve the disputed lineage relationship between fetal derived B1a cells and adult derived B2 cells by single cell lineage-tracing using cellular barcoding in vivo. Aim 3. Characterize the mechanism and effector functions of Lin28b induced B1a cell development for assessing the clinical utility of inducible fetal-like lymphopoiesis. The implications of FateMapB extend beyond normal development to immune regeneration and age-related features of leukemogenesis. Finally, our combinatorial lineage-tracing approach enables dissection of cell fates with previously unattainable resolution.

Mots-clés : hematopoiesis,fetal liver,lineage tracing,cellular barcoding