Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : Embodied Ecologies (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Human Mobility, Environment, and Space
Entité participante : Wageningen University & Research — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : WUR
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2499117.5 €

Among the existential threats that require lifestyle and policy changes for humans to live within the boundaries of planetary sustainability, one issue remains both under-studied and under-regulated: our growing use of synthetic chemicals that accumulate in our bodies, leading to a range of serious health problems. There is a grim, emerging consensus that the problem is beyond our control, with the unknown cumulative effects of exposures rendering the establishing of causal relationships between exposures and health effects impossible. This multi-sited study working across scales (individual, community, city, nation) and disciplines (anthropology of the body, creative cartography, urban political ecology, experimental governance) is set in two Western European and two Southeast Asian cities that have adopted green policies but differ starkly in their regulatory environments. By focusing on what ordinary people and city planners do to avoid or reduce chemical exposures and the concerns that inform their practices, we gain insight into the structural constraints that enable and/or constrain their ability to protect themselves—insights that will inform new harm reduction strategies that present pathways to transformative change. The project has four key objectives that correspond to its subprojects: 1.Study through multi-modal ethnography how people living and working in cities sense, know, and act upon chemical exposures in their everyday lives. 2.Visualize through multi-layered cartography the accumulation of toxic chemicals in human bodies and how political, economic, social, and regulatory forces shape uneven exposure. 3.Co-create novel harm reduction tools and strategies based on in-depth learning from existing efforts to mitigate chemical toxicities. 4.Develop novel ecological approaches for studying how people experience, understand and act on potentially toxic chemical exposures and how political, economic, social, and regulatory forces constrain/enable action.

Mots-clés : chemical ethnography,anthropology,creative cartography,ethnography,urban political ecology,experimental governance,critical global health,sustainability
Projet ERC : MORE (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Texts and Concepts
Entité participante : Université d'Oslo — Pays : Norvège — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UiO
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1152995.15 €

This project is a contribution to moral philosophy, to the didactics of transformative reading and to medical ethics education. It examines moral residue (MR); the distress experience common among health care practitioners as well as other moral agents of recognizing what they take to be their own failure to meet a moral requirement, despite not being fully blameworthy for that failure; and which they express through regret or anguish. Our overall aim is threefold: (1) to substantially advance the philosophical and phenomenological understanding of MR, as a concept and as an experience, by analysing situations of MR caused by moral dilemmas, and by directing attention to situations that have not been explored or are under-explored - MR caused by unavoidable normative ignorance or by impermissible emotions; (2) to empirically study the impact of literary narrative fiction (that is thematically related to MR) in altering concepts of self and others, a process we call “transformative reading”, and (3) to devise, and to empirically test the potential merits of a novel narrative method for medical ethics education that we believe can enable health care practitioners to learn how to acknowledge their inherent vulnerability to MR, and to accept that they are likely to fail morally in ways that they may not be able to avoid, without this acceptance compromising their sense of dignity as moral agents. The aims are intimately connected in that it is the philosophical research into MR which motivates and enables the didactic part of the project, and which thereby binds it together into an integrated whole. The investigation is conducted in health care because this context makes apparent the full range of contingencies in life that impose limits to the rational exercise of moral agency, and which thereby lock agents into diversified situations of MR. However, since MR is pervasive also outside of health care, we believe it will benefit other branches of applied ethics as well.

Mots-clés : acceptance,aporia,dialogue,didactics,disease,catharsis,comedy,error,fallibility,fear,diminished agency,impermissible emotions,laughter,moral agency,moral conflict,moral dilemma,normative ignoranc,pity,ridicule,shame,taboos,tragedy,transformative reading
Projet ERC : CORESIDENCE (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Human Mobility, Environment, and Space
Entité participante : CERCA Institution — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : CERCA;I-CERCA
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 417500.0 €

Radical transformations in the family are occurring across the globe. Decades of demographic, economic and cultural change have brought about great changes in family life and households. The CORESIDENCE project investigates a crucial, although unanticipated, facet of these transformations: the global rise of intergenerational coresidence (IgC) among adult children and their parents. This shift is occurring in a variety of demographic, economic and cultural contexts and appears to run counter to expectations that intergenerational coresidence would gradually decline with modernization and cultural change. The primary objective of the CORESIDENCE project is to determine the dimensions of variations in and the rise of intergenerational coresidence around the world and investigate how these trends are related to demographic, social, economic, and cultural/attitudinal factors. To achieve this goal, I will (i) use recent big microdata, which describe family change for more than half a billion people representing more than 120 countries worldwide; (ii) harmonize existing longitudinal data to examine pathways to intergenerational coresidence in six countries representing different norms and forms of intergenerational coresidence (India, Japan, Mexico, Senegal, Spain and the Netherlands). This study will be the largest comparative study of the family and of family change ever undertaken. CORESIDENCE will test social theory by analyzing, for the first time, variation in family forms on several geographic scales and time spans to understand the background factors that drive these changes and theorize about the role of the family in the twenty-first century.

Mots-clés : intergenerational coresidence,family,demography,material constraints,socio cultural change,cross national studies
Projet ERC : MatNat (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Texts and Concepts
Entité participante : Université d'Oslo — Pays : Norvège — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UiO
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2499998.0 €

‘The Book of Nature is written in geometrical characters’, wrote Galileo in 1623. The view that mathematics provides the language of nature has been an axiom of physics since Copernicus, Galileo and Kepler. Behind the founders of modern science stood, by their own admission, ‘our genuine masters, Plato and Pythagoras’ (Kepler 1597). But how did the early Pythagoreans and Plato conceive of and justify their mathematical world view? MatNat investigates the question of the historical origin of the mathematization of nature from the point of view of a deep conceptual puzzle: How can necessary mathematical truths concerning unchanging abstract entities explain the contingent, variable and inexact happenings evident to the senses? MatNat shows that the mathematical world view was born through answering this puzzle. As MatNat will argue, the early Pythagoreans and following them Plato showed why exactly mathematics, and mathematics alone, is the appropriate way to explain nature by demonstrating how nature itself is mathematically structured. They developed the mathematics of their day specifically to the tasks of explaining change, body and perceptibility, the basic features of nature, as the ancients understood it. This mathematical model of nature appeared already in the early Pythagoreans, particularly Philolaus and Archytas, but was fully developed by Plato in his Timaeus. To establish the claim MatNat innovates methodologically by triangulating newly established evidence for early Pythagoreanism with the reports of Plato's first students in the Early Academy and detailed readings of Plato's Timaeus. The methodology enables MatNat to offer groundbreaking interpretations of Plato's natural philosophy showing for the first time how the Timaeus, the foundational text for Western mathematical science, answered the basic conceptual question of the applicability of mathematics to nature.
Projet ERC : subLETHAL (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention,  Diagnosis and T reatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : Université technologique de Dresde — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : TU Dresden
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 379305.0 €

Immunotherapy combined with cytotoxic and molecular therapies have entered centre stage as novel treatments for cancer. Despite this advance, toxicity and insufficient efficacy in many patients remain major obstacles and illustrate the need for therapy improvement based on a deeper understanding of the cellular damage and repair responses to drugs and immunotherapy. To overcome this roadblock, I propose a previously unappreciated approach by combining immunotherapy with cancer therapies at ultra-low, sublethal dose. We demonstrated that cytotoxic T cells induce sublethal membrane and DNA damage and oxidative stress which, when repaired, allows for tumor cell survival. However, when damage adds up, the tumor cell dies. I hypothesize that sublethal effects reveal novel vulnerabilities in cancer cells which can be exploited by complementary multi-targeted therapies at ultra-low dose which are nontoxic individually but, when combined, achieve lethality by an additive mechanism. Taking advantage of innovative microscopy, I aim to produce a catalogue of damages and repair types, and their combined effects in tumor cells. Single-cell analyses combined with advanced statistics and mathematical modeling will be used to derive the damage profile and duration of damage for each modality in tumor cells, yet without side effects towards immune effector cells. I will design algorithms for multi-targeted regimens to achieve additive damage, reduced repair, and death induction and validate them in immunotherapy models in vitro and in local and disseminated preclinical cancer in vivo. If resistance occurs, survival programs will be detected by single-cell transcriptomics and countered by orthogonal targeting. subLETHAL will 1) identify sublethal damage as the basis of cytotoxic therapy, 2) enable rational design of multi-targeted ultra-low dose additive regimens and advance 3) the understanding, efficacy and tolerability of chemoimmunotherapy for 4) rapid clinical translation.

Mots-clés : tumor immunotherapy,microscopy,mathematical modeling
Projet ERC : MitoCyto (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Molecules of Life: B iological  Mechanisms , Structures  and Functions
Entité participante : Université de Technologie de Kaiserslautern — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TUK
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2334450.0 €

Mitochondria are made of 800 to 1500 proteins which represent up to 30% of the cellular mass. Owing to their post-translational mode of import, mitochondrial precursor proteins explore the cytosol before they are imported into mitochondria. These reactions are of utmost importance for cellular functionality since cytosolic precursors pose a major threat of cellular proteostasis and are major drivers in aging and for the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Still, the biology of cytosolic precursors is largely elusive. In vitro import assays governed the experimentation platform of the mitochondrial community which enabled exquisite breakthroughs in understanding translocation, but are unsuited to elucidate cytosolic reactions. MitoCyto aims to break out of these experimental walls to elucidate the biology of cytosolic precursors with an interdisciplinary research team that leaves the comfort zone of biochemistry to utilize genetic and cell biology approaches but also develops novel cutting-edge techniques from high throughput approaches, through microfluidics-assisted microscopy to synthetic biology. From this innovative combination, detailed mechanistic insights into three so far largely elusive aspects of cell biology will be possible for the first time: (1) What are the cytosolic interactors of mitochondrial precursor proteins? (2) What are the direct and indirect physiological consequences of cytosolic precursor accumulation? (3) How does the re-routing of mitochondrial proteins to the nucleus control growth and fitness of eukaryotic cells? We are convinced that MitoCyto will break grounds to a comprehensive understanding of how eukaryotic cells maintain a healthy proteome over a lifetime despite fluctuating metabolic conditions. While these goals are conceptually deeply rooted in a comprehensive understanding of basic biological questions, they are of immediate relevance for cancer cell metabolism, neurodegeneration and aging.

Mots-clés : mitochondria proteostasis aging
Projet ERC : BAYESIAN BOOST (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Compl exity
Entité participante : Université d'Amsterdam — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UvA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2500000.0 €

Across psychology and allied disciplines, the statistical analysis of experimental data hinges on a comprehensive set of "frequentist" techniques that culminate in confidence intervals and p-values. These frequentist analysis-of-variance (ANOVA) techniques form the fossilized core of what is taught, practiced, and expected. This proposal seeks to break the mould and develop a comprehensive set of alternative "Bayesian" techniques that are attractive, interpretable, practically feasible, and ultimately normative as a supplement to the traditional approach. This requires that the existing set of Bayesian techniques are greatly expanded, that the resulting advantages are highlighted and demonstrated on published data, and that the methodology is supported by established open-access software that is easy to use (i.e., R and JASP; jasp-stats.org). As a result, the field stands to gain a mature alternative statistical methodology that produces new insights and allows a coherent and diagnostic test of the experimental hypotheses of interest. Key Bayesian advantages include the ability to discriminate "absence of evidence" from "evidence of absence", the ability to model-average across multiple candidate models (e.g., to account for violations of assumptions), the ability to quantify and monitor evidence as the data accumulate, and the ability to accommodate prior knowledge (e.g., to encode past empirical information in a prior distribution). The robustness of the proposed procedures is assessed using a novel "many-statisticians" approach, and the potential for broad adoption is enhanced by the creation of tutorial materials and a continually expanding online library of annotated examples. Although the focus of the proposal is on applications in experimental psychology, the envisioned methodology will be useful for other experimental disciplines as well.

Mots-clés : bayesian hypothesis testing,bayesian model comparison
Projet ERC : UNITE (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer Science and Informatics
Entité participante : Université d'Amsterdam — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UvA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2868930.0 €

Generative information retrieval is an emerging paradigm that replaces the traditional index-then-retrieve pipeline by encoding all information about a document collection in the parameters of a model. The retrieval task is then formalized as a sequence-to-sequence learning problem, making it possible to optimize the system end-to-end. This enables optimization towards a broad range of goals, not just short-term utility ones but also broader long-term objectives, such as fairness and diversity.  Trustworthiness is a prerequisite for the development, deployment, and use of AI-based systems. With UNITE I propose a technical agenda to understand how we can build warranted trust in generative information retrieval while reaping the benefits of the potential this paradigm promises for optimizing for goals beyond short-term utility.  My methodological innovations will be based on advancing the foundations of generative information retrieval and a synthesis of generative information retrieval with reinforcement learning, capturing the sequential and interactive nature of retrieval, thus offering a principled way to deal with long-term goals. These advances will be pursued along three lines where generative information retrieval needs to uphold verifiable guarantees: accuracy, including well-defined and explained contexts of usage; reliability, including exhibiting parity with respect to sensitive attributes; and resilience to distributional shifts and adversarial examples. I will also study ways to probe generative information retrieval methods to aid explainability, reproducibility, and safety. We will demonstrate the utility of our new methodologies on tasks of great societal value: news search and recommendation, and information retrieval for climate impact.  While adventurous, UNITE has great algorithmic significance. It may lead to a fundamental re-assessment of how the field conceptualizes, evaluates and optimizes the success of information retrieval methods.

Mots-clés : generative information retrieval
Projet ERC : BREACH (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and Processes Engineering
Entité participante : Université norvégienne de sciences et de technologie — Pays : Norvège — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2499773.0 €

Autonomous systems able to comprehensively assess and model risks would be a scientific breakthrough leading to highly intelligent system behaviors, safe interactions in unstructured environments, and public trust. Currently, risk perception is an important part of human cognition not adequately implemented in the situation awareness, control and decision-making of autonomous systems. Therefore, this project addresses fundamental research challenges related to risk-based autonomy and safe and efficient shared control with human supervisors. The aim is to develop powerful risk modelling and built-in risk control solutions, closely connected to risk-based decision support for human supervisors in-the-loop. The outcomes of the project will allow for new, safe, and advanced types of transport, mapping and monitoring of oceans and land, and inspections of structures difficult to access. Although there are a few preliminary concepts coupling risk models with control algorithms and artificial intelligence (AI), a fundamental framework providing risk-based control and decision support – for both the autonomous system and human supervisors – does not exist. In BREACH, I will establish such a framework constituted by quantitative risk models merged with data-driven approaches, simulation and model-based approaches, integrating hardware, software, human, and environmental risk elements. The complexity of the framework will gradually evolve in two parallel tracks along with demonstrations for mission planning and execution for autonomous marine “organizations”. The focus on marine systems is due to the demanding challenges in that domain, and my knowledge and experience as a researcher in the Centre of Excellence on Autonomous Marine Operations and Systems (NTNU AMOS). For several years, I have contributed to fundamental research related to risk management of autonomous marine systems, which has convinced me that this project will be a major leap forward with great impact.

Mots-clés : safety risk assessment risk modeling autonomous system supervisory risk control decision support simulation
Projet ERC : ANIMAPOLIS (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Soci al World and Its Interactions
Entité participante : Université d'Amsterdam — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UvA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2497452.5 €

ANIMAPOLIS aims to understand the role of animals in the formation of urban inequalities, asking: How do animals’ interactions with humans and infrastructures co-produce the unequal distribution of risks and resources across urban spaces and populations? It focuses on two critical urban domains, security and public health, that are often characterized by stark inequalities, and takes the role of key animals within these domains – dogs and rats, respectively – as a unique analytical entry-point.  Urban inequalities are not only produced and transformed by people. Security dogs have been socialized to identify threatening individuals on the basis of classed and raced markers. Rats pose a public health risk, and thrive in low-income areas with decaying sanitation infrastructure. Urban scholars have recently begun to highlight the importance of infrastructures and technologies in configuring access to essential goods and services. While this research has provided key insights into how non-human entities mediate social relations, it has largely overlooked how animals, too, may co-produce inequalities.  While dogs and rats clearly play a role within security and public health, we know little about how they mediate urban inequalities related to these societal challenges. This project investigates such mechanisms by focusing first, on dogs’ and rats’ distinct biological specificities and cultural imaginations, and second, on the spatial, material and affective dimensions of their interactions with humans and infrastructure. The research design develops a two-way qualitative comparison, between different urban contexts and between different animals, through multispecies ethnographies of animal-human-infrastructure dynamics in Amsterdam and Philadelphia.  The project’s more-than-human approach extends theoretical and methodological innovations within urban anthropology, geography and human-animal studies in order to open new horizons on the study of urban inequalities.

Mots-clés : urban anthropology anthropology of animals anthropology of infrastructure