Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : INTERCELLMED (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : National Research Council — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNR
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1050000.0 €

This project aims to investigate the role of potassium (K+), protons (H+) and oxygen (O2) gradients in the extracellular space of tumour cells grown in 3D cultures by using a combination of imaging, cell biology and in silico analyses. By embedding ratiometric fluorescent particle-based sensors within 3D scaffolds, the changes in target analyte concentrations can be monitored and used to study the interactions between tumour cells and stromal cells in 3D tumoroids/scaffolds and to monitor response of the cells to drug treatments. I first demonstrated successful fabrication of barcoded capsules for multiplex sensing of H+, K+, and Na+ ions. Next, I demonstrated the use of pH-sensing capsules as valid real time optical reporter tools to sense and monitor intracellular acidification in living cells. Thus, I can fabricate capsule sensors for investigating the role of key analytes that are involved in regulation of crucial physiological mechanisms. In addition, I successfully integrated pH-sensing capsules within 3D nanofibrous matrices and demonstrated their operation under pH switches. INTERCELLMED will engineer 3D scaffolds that do not only sense extracellular pH but are also able to sense K+ and O2 changes. To this aim, a novel set of anisotropic analyte-sensitive ratiometric capsules will be developed and applied for generating robust and flexible capsules-embedded sensing scaffolds. To validate the functions of the 3D sensing platform, cocoltures of tumour cells and stromal cells will be grown and their interaction and response to drug treatments will be studied by mapping the K+/H+/O2 gradients in and around the cell aggregates. Finally, the 3D sensing platform will be adapted for growing tumour tissue-derived cells that will be tested ex-vivo with anticancer dugs. Specific mathematical models of cellular interactions will be developed to represent the biological processes occurring within the 3D sensing platform.

Mots-clés : imaging,three dimensional scaffolds,optical ratiometric biosensors,cancer cells,stromal cells,cell cell interactions
Projet ERC : UrbanOccupationsOETR (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : Koç University — Pays : Turquie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1425915.67 €

This project aims to overcome historiographical and disciplinary limitations in social and economic history, historical geography and urban studies for the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Turkey. The chosen long-term Ottoman/Turkish perspective is intended to facilitate comparative approaches so as to overcome the limitations of national historiographies. By extending the analysis up to 2000 the project also challenges the disciplinary divide between economic history, economics and urban studies in research on Turkey. To pursue these multiple goals the project will adopt both an inter-disciplinary approach and a comparative perspective. Throughout the project the focus will be on the dynamics of industrialisation, urbanisation and their accompanying changes in occupational structures and residential and migration patterns. To be able to contextualise and compare changes in occupational structure and urban growth trajectories across time and space, solid and detailed datasets of occupational structure and historical demographics for a very large part of the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century and for the entire Turkey in the 20th century will be constructed. This project is an attempt at bringing Ottoman/Turkish history into the newly emerging field of digital humanities. It will use advanced techniques of spatial data and multiple correspondence analysis in conjuncture to answer long debated research questions and to formulate and work on new ones by taking an unprecedented step forward toward establishing a digital research infrastructure for the social and economic history of the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Turkey. This project will re-define industrialisation in its connection with urbanisation from a spatiotemporal analytical perspective for Anatolia and the Southeast Europe to ask time and space specific questions about, simultaneity and geographical convergence of Eurasian economic development since 1850.

Mots-clés : structural change,economic geography,digital history,historical geographic information system,multiple correspondence analysis,digital research infrastructure
Projet ERC : TIPEA (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer science and informatics
Entité participante : Saarland University — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499375.0 €

This project aims to resolve challenging integer programming problems in exact and approximate settings, with a focus on Knapsack-type problems (such as Subset Sum, Partition, and Knapsack). To this end, we will develop a unified approach of algorithm design as a combination of algorithmic tools, structural theory, and conditional lower bounds. Specific tasks include: - utilizing recent advances in efficient algorithms, since although Knapsack-type algorithms are NP-hard their main challenges ask for polynomial improvements in running time, - leveraging structural results from additive combinatorics for the design of algorithms for problems of additive nature, such as Knapsack-type problems, and - using and expanding fine-grained complexity theory to explain the limits of algorithms by proving conditional lower bounds based on plausible conjectures. In particular, our combination of modern algorithmic techniques and structural results on the one hand, and conditional lower bounds on the other hand, allows us to aim at best-possible algorithms (conditional on plausible conjectures). We also plan to transfer techniques in the other direction (from integer programming to efficient algorithms), by using the insights of practical integer programming solvers to obtain highly-efficient implementations for selected polynomial-time problems. Designing best-possible algorithms for one of the Knapsack-type problems will already be groundbreaking, and complete resolution of our goals would be dramatic algorithmic progress with consequences in computer science, optimization, and operations research.

Mots-clés : knapsack,subset sum,algorithms,fine grained complexity theory,additive combinatorics
Projet ERC : EFFORT (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : Leibniz Association — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : LG
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 209712.5 €

This project aims to understand the role of effort in the reproduction of social inequality. While large-scale test programs like PISA have produced impressive amounts of data on the determinants of cognitive abilities, there is scant evidence on socio-economic differences in cognitive effort. Better understanding the social origins of effort pushes the frontier of knowledge on intergenerational mobility and allows improving equality of opportunity. Specifically, the aim of the project is to answer three research questions: 1. To what extent do children’s effort levels differ by parental socioeconomic background? (descriptive component) 2. Can existing disparities in effort by social background be explained by (a) the intergenerational transmission of effort from parents to children, and (b) varying motivations and differential susceptibility to incentives? (analytical component) 3. What are the best techniques to measure cognitive effort and what are the strengths and weaknesses of measures routinely used in different scientific disciplines? (methodological component) The project will develop and exploit cutting-edge methods of effort measurement such as real-effort tasks and psychophysiological techniques like pupillometry. Their immense potential has remained untapped in inequality research thus far. Experimental data will be collected for a large sample of school-age children and their parents in Spain and Germany. Subjective effort dispositions will be further analyzed using (inter)national surveys. The triangulation of carefully chosen methodologies will provide the first reliable evidence on socioeconomic differences in effort and stimulate new research (e.g. on gender or ethnic differentials in effort). Cross-validation analysis will detect possible biases of commonly used effort measures. The research findings will provide valuable insights for educational practitioners and decisive evidence for normative debates about social inequality and policy design.

Mots-clés : equality of opportunity,measurement,learning
Projet ERC : REF-MIG (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Hertie School — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 749283.89 €

This project begins with the basic premise that refugees are migrants: by legal definition and political conception, they have left their home countries to seek refuge. This project aims to re-assess refugee protection through a lens of mobility and migration, locating the study of refugee law in the context of the refugee regime. It examines the three key aspects of refugee law – access to protection, refugee status determination, and refugee rights – bringing them into conversation with the refugee regime’s norms and practices on responsibility-sharing and solutions. Crucially, the project takes a long and broad view of refugee protection, in order to open up new possibilities and trajectories. It also integrates a legal assessment of the role of non-state actors in refugee protection. Using the broad notion of ‘intermediary’ in the migration process, it will assess the regulatory environment on access to protection, so-called ‘secondary movement’ and onward migration. It will provide an important legal assessment of the role of the International Organisation for Migration (IOM) and the duties of humanitarian actors in refugee protection. It addresses the EU, not as a singularity, but as an actor in the global regime. The project is methodologically ground-breaking. It identifies practices that determine access to and the quality of refugee protection, and how these practices have developed across jurisdictions and over time, thereby historicizing and reframing the practices in question. As well as rigorous doctrinal (‘black letter’) legal analysis, it will use go beyond doctrine, and draw on theoretical conceptions of legality to explore the particular modes of regulating mobility and migration that are now central to refugee protection. It will also develop new inter-disciplinary methods, using comparative legal, historical and political-scientific tools.

Mots-clés : international refugee law,global refugee regime,migration,refugees as migrants
Projet ERC : REF-MIG (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : University of Oxford — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 750327.11 €

This project begins with the basic premise that refugees are migrants: by legal definition and political conception, they have left their home countries to seek refuge. This project aims to re-assess refugee protection through a lens of mobility and migration, locating the study of refugee law in the context of the refugee regime. It examines the three key aspects of refugee law – access to protection, refugee status determination, and refugee rights – bringing them into conversation with the refugee regime’s norms and practices on responsibility-sharing and solutions. Crucially, the project takes a long and broad view of refugee protection, in order to open up new possibilities and trajectories. It also integrates a legal assessment of the role of non-state actors in refugee protection. Using the broad notion of ‘intermediary’ in the migration process, it will assess the regulatory environment on access to protection, so-called ‘secondary movement’ and onward migration. It will provide an important legal assessment of the role of the International Organisation for Migration (IOM) and the duties of humanitarian actors in refugee protection. It addresses the EU, not as a singularity, but as an actor in the global regime. The project is methodologically ground-breaking. It identifies practices that determine access to and the quality of refugee protection, and how these practices have developed across jurisdictions and over time, thereby historicizing and reframing the practices in question. As well as rigorous doctrinal (‘black letter’) legal analysis, it will use go beyond doctrine, and draw on theoretical conceptions of legality to explore the particular modes of regulating mobility and migration that are now central to refugee protection. It will also develop new inter-disciplinary methods, using comparative legal, historical and political-scientific tools.

Mots-clés : international refugee law,global refugee regime,migration,refugees as migrants
Projet ERC : ModelCom (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : Aalto University — Pays : Finlande — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499998.0 €

This project contributes to a paradigm shift for smart soft materials into user-customizable textiles that autonomously interact with their environment and communicate through changes in color or shape. This will be done by coupling modular thermo- and photo-actuators to the traditional European fiber art of bobbin lace. The envisioned color-shape-communicative textile networks will include an on/off command of embedded functionalities by modifying an established concept – coiled yarn thermoactuators – to have different selective coatings on inner and outer surfaces of the coils. Furthermore, I will create unprecedented photoactuating coiled yarns, in which visible light turns on the functionality in a thread. The developed non-conformal coating techniques will also enable multifunctional threads, in which different parts of the thread can be commanded by different wavelengths of light. I will also develop two-dimensional multifunctional structures using these thermo- and photo-actuating threads as building blocks. The modularity of these building blocks, combined with the multiple thread system and three different braiding actions of bobbin lace, will enable a wide combinatorial parameter space for interactive network structures. I will demonstrate a textile that can, either upon illumination or thermal stimulus, change its color, its breathability/permeability, and activate a third function, such as colorimetric detection of a biomarker. These textiles could be used in clothes or window shades, e.g., adapting their warming/cooling capacity based on the external temperature or solar illumination. Such functional textiles would indirectly decrease the need for heating/cooling many buildings and allow energy savings, thus providing an important economic opportunity. Co-creating further textile innovations with communities of bobbin lacemakers will ensure that the impact of the action goes beyond the conventional in terms of both technological and societal impact.

Mots-clés : threading technique
Projet ERC : MERCATOR (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : European University Institute — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : EUI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2354381.0 €

This project explores the extent to which the memory, or absence of memory, of previous financial crises can explain practices threatening the stability of the financial system. This will provide a major contribution to the understanding of the causes of financial crises, in particular the Global Financial Crisis, by helping to understand the behaviour of financial agents, marked by recurrent waves of over-confidence and excessive risk-taking, and why regulators fail to maintain financial stability. The project addresses four main questions: How are financial crises remembered? Has the memory of financial crises had an impact on the thinking and behaviour of financial actors? Has a ‘new’ financial elite emerged in the late twentieth and early twenty-first century? What has been the legacy of the Global Financial Crisis? Using the concept of cultural memory, the project analyses how the most severe financial shocks of the last hundred years (1929-33, 1982, 1997, and 2007-9) have been remembered. The memory of financial crises will be retraced by exploring five interrelated areas, resulting in: the first comprehensive analysis of senior bankers’ own views on financial crises; the first collective biography of the financial elite in the late 20th and early 21st century; a much clearer picture of the vision of financial crises prevailing in the financial world and its evolution in the second half of the 20th century; a new light on the place of financial crises in the teaching of economics and finance; and new perspectives into the history and memory of financial regulation. By focusing on financial actors and combining economic history and cultural history, the project will provide a missing link in our understating of the recurrence of financial crises, thus pushing the boundaries of knowledge, renewing our understanding of financial crises and contributing to the ongoing search for greater financial stability.

Mots-clés : financial crises,financial elites,financial regulation,economic history,financial,history,memory,europe,united states
Projet ERC : MobileKids (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Université Catholique de Louvain — Pays : Belgique — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UCL
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499312.0 €

This project focuses on the experience of two cohorts of children aged 10 to 16 who are living in multi-local, post-separation families in Belgium, in France and in Italy, that is, families where the mother and the father are either divorced or separated, live in different households in the same country, and share the physical custody of their child(ren). A major goal of this project is to investigate the diversity of children’s experience of multi-local family life and identify their specific needs, through children’s own accounts of their lives. This means understanding if, and under what circumstances, children appropriate their multi-local lives and develop an habitus that incorporates the capacity to maintain social relations in a multi-local context and to appropriate mobility and virtual connectedness. The project combines three levels of analysis: the macro-level of policies, the meso-level of family environments (family resources, cultures and practices; and spatial contexts), and the micro-level of children’s lives, which consists in examining how children maintain their social and family relationships as they move with various temporalities between two households that are located in specific administrative territories and spatial entities. This means understanding how children’s interpersonal relationships and networks of significant others shape, and are re-shaped by their mobility in post-separation families; and the interconnections between geographical and virtual mobility. The study combines four methods: a policy analysis of multilocality, secondary data analysis of relevant databases, semi-structured interviews with children’s mothers and fathers, and a qualitative, in-depth study of the lived experiences of children.

Mots-clés : sociology of childhood,family,mobility,multilocality,socialization
Projet ERC : CHANGE (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : SPK
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 360600.0 €

This project gathers, for the first time, the evidence for the development of the monetary economy of Anatolia, from the invention of coinage there in the late 7th century BC to the absorption of the region by Rome c. 30 BC. Using new digital technology, it organizes this evidence to deploy it for the first time to answer major questions concerning the economic history of this region over the longue durée. Part 1 creates a complete overview of the relevant coinages produced by c.300 cities, 4 empires, 6 kingdoms, and c.50 independent dynasts in this period and region. Delivered with established Linked Open Data technology, this framework amalgamates coins in 5 public collections to create a database of c.50,000 coins. This database will be used to quantify monetary production over time and place. Part 2 assembles for the first time a full record of published finds of coins from hoard and excavation contexts. This data will be amalgamated with that from Part 1 to produce a detailed mapping of movement of coinage over time and place. Part 3 assembles a checklist of epigraphic documents attesting to monetary behaviour across the period of interest. This will be analysed for types and change of monetary activity over time, thus overlaying the evidence from one discipline on that of another. Part 4 comprises a series of interdisciplinary enquiries into the change in the monetary economy based on data from Parts 1-3. Major questions regarding the purpose of coinage, extent of monetisation, and efficiency of transaction will be investigated. It also addresses questions that have dominated recent debates such as economic connectivity, the existence of networks, and economic balance between large states and small. CHANGE will offer a case study of what can be achieved through the marriage of ‘traditional’ research with new methods and tools created by ‘Digital Humanities’. It offers a model for the re-evaluation of the monetary economy of the whole Ancient Mediterranean.

Mots-clés : ancient coinage,ancient monetary history,greek epigraphy,linked open data