Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : C4T (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth system science
Entité participante : University of Bergen — Pays : Norvège — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1877209.0 €

The Earth's climate system contains a highly complex interplay of numerous components, such as atmospheric greenhouse gases, ice sheets, and ocean circulation. Due to nonlinearities and feedbacks, changes to the system can result in rapid transitions to radically different climate states. In light of rising greenhouse gas levels there is an urgent need to better understand climate at such tipping points. Reconstructions of profound climate changes in the past provide crucial insight into our climate system and help to predict future changes. However, all proxies we use to reconstruct past climate depend on assumptions that are in addition increasingly uncertain back in time. A new kind of temperature proxy, the carbonate ‘clumped isotope’ thermometer, has great potential to overcome these obstacles. The proxy relies on thermodynamic principles, taking advantage of the temperature-dependence of the binding strength between different isotopes of carbon and oxygen, which makes it independent of other variables. Yet, widespread application of this technique in paleoceanography is currently prevented by the required large sample amounts, which are difficult to obtain from ocean sediments. If applied to the minute carbonate shells preserved in the sediments, this proxy would allow robust reconstructions of past temperatures in the surface and deep ocean, as well as global ice volume, far back in time. Here I propose to considerably decrease sample amount requirements of clumped isotope thermometry, building on recent successful modifications of the method and ideas for further analytical improvements. This will enable my group and me to thoroughly ground-truth the proxy for application in paleoceanography and for the first time apply it to aspects of past climate change across major climate transitions in the past, where clumped isotope thermometry can immediately contribute to solving long-standing first-order questions and allow for major progress in the field.

Mots-clés : paleoceanography,cenozoic,foraminifera,ocean circulation,climate change
Projet ERC : TER (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : University of Edinburgh — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1484115.0 €

The Epidemiological Revolution (TER) will trace the historical rise of epidemiological reasoning through the long twentieth century to understand how a novel data science transformed conceptions of health and disease in science and society. The project will map the conditions in which epidemiology became an authoritative science, and reconstruct how ‘the epidemic’ has assumed scientific and political urgency since 1900. This seismic epistemological shift resulted in new eminence for epidemiological modelling, a radical expansion of what counts as epidemiological data, and innovative applications for thinking about ‘epidemic’ phenomena far beyond traditional accounts of infectious disease. TER will address these aims through analysis of three discrete modes of epidemiological reasoning: 1. Modelling, and the invention of the epidemiological graph 2. Correlation, and the making of epidemiological data 3. Configuration, and the social formation of epidemiology Mapping these modes of reasoning, TER will create an ambitious digital collection of new empirical data and a comprehensive interactive record of the epidemiological revolution. TER will, for the first time, deliver a historical epistemology which examines the shifting contours of ‘epidemics’ as epistemic objects, as well as of epidemiology as a distinct system of thought in the long twentieth century. This project takes a ground-breaking approach to the historiography of data-science, combining high-impact case studies with digital research tools to explore the political, ethical and social challenges of this seismic shift.

Mots-clés : epidemiology,data science,modelling,data practices,interdisciplinarity
Projet ERC : LEVIATHAN (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Hertie School — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1184595.0 €

The Euro Crisis has had a transformative effect on the functional ambitions of the EU. It has, also, however, transformed the ways in which citizens can hold the EU institutions accountable. In the area of economic governance in particular, the post-crisis EU has created a significant new body of fiscal rules, managed largely by executive institutions. The nature of these rules, and the institutions entrusted to manage them, challenges our existing scientific understanding of accountability, creating considerable confusion among citizens as how economic decision-making in an EU context can be properly scrutinized. This project is devoted to addressing EU economic governance's 'post-crisis' accountability challenge. It will provide the first comprehensive and multi-disciplinary attempt to consider how EU decisions in the economic field can be challenged, either by political institutions or by individuals seeking judicial review. In doing so, it will seek to move beyond the disciplinary segmentation and conceptual limitations of current academic debates about accountability, combining legal analysis of decisions of national and EU Courts in economic governance with qualitative research on the political and functional constraints within which institutions reviewing economic decisions operate. The project will also carry a crucial normative dimension, using case studies in important fields of economic policy - from banking regulation to the coordination of national budgets - to map emerging accountability relationships and build recommendations on how to approach post-crisis accountability. Given the reach of EU economic governance into almost all domains of national policy, as well as the declining levels of public trust in EU action, identifying how a more accountable structure for EU policy-making could be built is a crucial scientific and societal task.

Mots-clés : accountability,economic governance,eu law,eurozone,future of the eu
Projet ERC : CoCEAL (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Bocconi University — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 478618.26 €

The European dimension of administrative law is the focus of a flurry of initiatives aiming to investigate similarities and differences, and to shape common legal scenarios. A codification of the administrative procedures of the EU has been envisaged by the European Parliament in its resolution of February 2013. A broader proposal of codification, including rule-making and contractual procedures, has been elaborated by ReNEUAL and has been discussed in a series of workshops in 2015. The issues that arise are both practical and theoretical: - it is important to understand whether the method traditionally followed by the European Court of Justice in order to identify the principles that are general and common to national legal systems, only applies when all those systems recognize such principles; - whether national systems of public law share the same idea of what an administrative procedure is is another question; whether the specific principles governing administrative procedures, such as the right to be heard and the duty to give reasons, are the same is still another question; - finally, if any commonality exists, the question that arises is whether it is limited to the level of general principles of law or it includes the which govern procedures. The research project is innovative on grounds of method, because: - it aims at ascertaining whether, and the extent to that, the well-established methodology developed under the ‘Common Core of European Private Law’ project can be applied to EU administrative law; - it permits to distinguish between ‘operative rules’, ‘descriptive formants’, and ‘meta-legal formants’; - it also allows to understand whether the specific nature of the interests recognized and protected by the rules of public law require legal methodologies that are distinct and distant from those of private law.

Mots-clés : administrative law,comparative public law,administrative procedures
Projet ERC : FLUO (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : Politecnico di Milano — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : POLIMI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 150000.0 €

The FLUO proposal aims at bringing to the market a revolutionary device to measure fluorescence of a large variety of samples. Fluorescence is the property of molecules to emit radiation after being illuminated by an excitation light (usually in the ultraviolet). Fluorescence is a powerful analytical tool employed in many fields such as life science, biology, biotechnology, pharmacology, medical diagnostics, food industry, chemistry, photovoltaics and environment safety. Different chemical species can be uniquely identified with high sensitivity and specificity, in a non-destructive and non-invasive way. Spectrometers for measuring fluorescence already exist in the market, but they present drawbacks such as large footprint, high costs, long acquisition times and low sensitivity. Our ground-breaking patented technology, based on an ultrastable interferometer, overcomes all these issues, thus paving the way to many scientific and industrial applications. We have already initiated the customer identification and discovery process and we have received many positive feedbacks from potential customers. The FLUO project has two main goals: 1) We aim at pushing the Technology Readiness Level of the products to the ultimate maturity required to approach the market, corresponding to TRL9. A first working prototype has already been realized and tested; we will realize two second-generation prototypes that will be technically validated in the scientific and industrial sectors. 2) We will unleash the innovation potential of the approach, developing an exhaustive exploitation plan, based on a detailed market analysis and a profitable financial plan. We will benchmark our instrument against the competitors’ ones and sign commercial agreements with strategic partners. In the framework of the lean start-up approach, we will draft a first version of a Business Model Canvas and Business Plan in the view of the foundation of a start-up company towards the end of the FLUO project.

Mots-clés : fluorescence,excitation emission maps,fourier transform spectroscopy,spectrofluorometers,quality control,scientific instrumentation
Projet ERC : Hyksos Enigma (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : Austrian Academy of Sciences — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : OAW
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1957506.5 €

The Hyksos (Greek rendering of the Egyptian title “rulers of the foreign countries”) were a dynasty of foreign rulers of Egypt between c.1640 and 1530 BC. Some modern researchers, following the ancient historian Flavius Josephus (1st cent. AD) thought they were ancestors of the early Israelites, others suggested that their appearance should be tied to the Hurrian expansion to the Levant. Most scholars today think, according to the onomastic data, that they were western Semites. Their geographical origin in the Levant, their seizure of power and their role in history, remains, however, an enigma, as the period is poorly represented in texts. Nevertheless the Hyksos phenomenon has thus far mainly been studied by text-based Egyptology. In the last decades, however, excavations at T. el-Dab‘a, T. el-Rotaba, T. el Maskhuta and other places in the eastern Delta have produced an enormous wealth of new data such as urban settlements, palaces, tombs, temples, offering remains, besides enormous quantities of material culture and physical remains which can be attributed to the carriers of the Hyksos rule and their predecessors. These materials, left thus far largely aside in the historical discussion, can be utilised as first class historical sources. The envisaged investigations will be conducted in 8 interrelated research tracks, incorporating an array of archaeological, historical, theoretical and analytical sciences. The aim is to reveal in a holistic approach the origin, the dialogue with and the impact of western Asiatic people on culture of the host country and finally their heritage. They played a much greater role in the history of the Old World than envisaged and pushed Egypt into the focus of what happened in the Near East in the 2nd millennium BC. This innovative exploration of the Hyksos phenomenon has the potential to write a new chapter in the history of this salient region and offer a model.

Mots-clés : egyptology,hyksos,migration,acculturation,crisis,diachronic studies,cultural interference studies
Projet ERC : IONOSENSE-POC (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : ARMINES — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ARMINES
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 127755.0 €

The IONOSENSE-POC project proposes a novel solution to enable label-free, electronic monitoring of live cells in vitro, using innovative organic bioelectronic technology. The device, the organic electrochemical transistor (OECT), integrated with live cells forming a tissue, has been shown to accurately assess the integrity of the cells, providing dynamic, highly sensitive measurements after exposure to toxins/pathogens. Validation against traditional, optical methods, or commercially available electronic monitoring equipment demonstrated the OECT to have equal or improved sensitivity and temporal resolution. As an added bonus, the OECT is fabricated using conducting polymers, which are not only amenable to low cost processing techniques, but are also optically transparent, yielding devices compatible with high resolution imaging techniques, of critical importance to life scientists. In the POC project, we propose to take this extremely promising technological breakthrough developed in an academic environment, and transition it to a prototype suitable for future commercialization. In parallel, the appropriate steps will be taken necessary to ascertain the market niche(s), initially identified as being in the areas of Biomems targeted for diagnostics/drug discovery. Finally, an adapted exploitation strategy will be developed to best suit the technology developed during the IONOSENSE project. The team assembled to execute the project is extremely committed to the commercialization venture, in particular due to significant feedback from industrial partners (potential endusers) from such diverse biomedical applications as the cosmetics industry, neurotoxicology, electrophysiology instrumentation developers, drug development companies etc. The success of this POC project will have broad ranging, highly positive impacts for society in the EU and further, due to reduction of experimentation on animals, improved healthcare outcomes, and economic development to name a few.

Mots-clés : in vitro diagnostics,conducting polymers,toxicology,high throughput,organic bioelectronics,organic electrochemical transistor,electrophysiology,high resolution imaging,low cost,biosensors
Projet ERC : HInDI (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : KNAW
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1452309.01 €

The Industrial Revolution is one of the most important events in human history: within a century, some countries multiplied their per capita income while others stagnated, exacerbating international inequality. Reducing this enduring inequality through industrial development has been a crucial policy goal; however, as no precise understanding of industrial development exists, no consistent international policy has been formulated. The understanding of this phenomenon has been hampered by a lack of data, theory, and historical dynamism. Many studies are, due to the lack of data, conducted on the national level, despite the fact that industrialization is ultimately a regional (i.e. intra-national) phenomenon. The basic principle of regional industrialization was investigated until the 1990s, when the focus shifted to other areas. At that time these studies had still been unconnected with economic location theory, as in the 1990s these were still unable to explain the regional spread of industrialization. Yet, more recent location theories have relaxed certain theoretical assumptions, allowing their application to the spread of industrialization as well. However, even these theories often lack historical dynamism, i.e. the capability to predict and explain the considerable changes that industrialization underwent these past 200 years. Using the regional approach, merging it with recent location theory, and creating a systematic regional dataset, this project will fundamentally alter our insights in the spread and development of industrialization. Analysis will focus on four macro regions and their sub-regions: two in Europe (England and the Low Countries) and two in China (the Yangtze delta and the Yungui area). These macro regions cover the timeline of industrialization (England, then the Low Countries, and much later, the Yangtze and finally the Yungui area) which may have caused different patterns of local industrialization within each of these macro regions.

Mots-clés : industrialisation,regions,europe,china
Projet ERC : Ethno-ISS (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : University of London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : U. London
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2475251.0 €

The International Space Station (ISS) is arguably the oldest extra-terrestrial society in low earth orbit. To date this radical new form of human habitation and society has not been the object of systematic and comparative ethnographic inquiry. This project aims to correct this and proposes a comparative and multi-sited ethnography of the ISS among the contributors to its modular architecture: The Russian Federation, The United States of America, The European Union and Japan. The ISS offers invaluable insights into fundamental questions at the heart of the social sciences. The most obvious is the effect of micro gravity on our understandings of material culture and sociality. To date material culture has only been theorised in terms of Earth’s gravity. This project affords the opportunity to critically re-examine our terrestrially based theories. Related to this are the distinctive political aesthetics in this setting and its innovative dimensions of ‘worlding’ (Heidegger) and the materialities entailed therein. These relate to wider notions: the nature of transcendence in both anthropological, material and metaphysical terms as well as broader issues concerning territoriality and the expansion of the human and habitability and general understandings of materiality. Methodologically the project focuses on the quotidian and material dimensions of the ISS and its bodily and material techniques, re-examining traditional empirical assumptions within the innovative conditions of the new polymedia environments in which the ISS is situated. More importantly the project situates the respective Mission Controls and their wider communities as co-terminous with the ISS site, examining it as highly complex nexus of inhabitation encompassing both terrestrial and extra-terrestrial realms in a novel configuration and thereby provide the first ever integrative and comparative study of this unprecedented form of human society and the material conditions of its emergent ‘worlding’.

Mots-clés : ethnography,material culture,outer space,worlding
Projet ERC : PHILOS (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas — Pays : Grèce — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : FORTH;ΙΤΕ
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 150000.0 €

The Internet, with its unprecedented success and global scale as a network of networks, depends heavily on few fundamental technologies. One of these technologies is the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), which glues together the independent networks of the Internet. BGP, based on a three-decade old design, is highly susceptible to BGP prefix hijacking attacks. These attacks, which have been repeatedly covered in the news due to their critical impact in several prominent cases, persistently pest network operators and users accessing their services, as they have the capability to render entire networks (and their services) unreachable. The resulting network outages, lasting from several hours to days, cost millions of dollars. BGP prefix hijacking events result usually from human error, but can also be malicious. Offenders can impersonate victim networks, steal sensitive information, or stealthily intercept and manipulate traffic destined to legitimate destinations. Current approaches to defend against hijacking attacks (a) are poorly adopted, due to their high cost and low immediate benefit, or (b) rely on inaccurate detection mechanisms that generate numerous false alerts, while lacking automation. The latter results in manual and slow mitigation processes, which is presently the norm. PHILOS is a new approach to defend against BGP prefix hijacking attacks. It focuses on real-time detection and automated mitigation, relies on novel detection algorithms, and employs new technologies in order to reduce the duration of the detection/mitigation cycle from hours and days, down to a few seconds. It therefore greatly reduces the cost of outages. The goal of this project is twofold. First, it aims to create a Proof of Concept implementation of PHILOS that can be deployed within the network of potential future customers. Second, it will form a business plan aiming to establish the necessary environment for finding the first commercial customer of PHILOS.

Mots-clés : bgp prefix hijacking,internet routing,network security,network monitoring