Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : TIMED (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth system science
Entité participante : University of Barcelona — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UB
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2275625.0 €

The Mediterranean Sea is an excellent sensor of transient climate conditions at different time scales. Changes in Mediterranean water properties result from complex interactions between the Atlantic inflow, local climate and north and south atmospheric teleconnections. In turn, Mediterranean outflow waters spill into the Atlantic Ocean, thus acting as a net salt and heat source for the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Climate models anticipate changes in these circulation systems within decades; thus it becomes critical to understand the natural range of variations in the Mediterranean Thermohaline Circulation (MedTHC) and whether these can alter the AMOC. An innovative approach, based on both well-established and newly-developed analytical methods will be applied to characterize, qualitatively and quantitatively, past changes in the MedTHC dynamics. Specific time windows representing very different transient periods (18-14 ka BP; 9.5-6.5 ka BP and the last 2 kyr) will be targeted in order to understand the distinctive role that individual forcing mechanisms exerted in controlling MedTHC changes. Particular emphasis will be placed on building robust regional chronologies and proxy records with unprecedented high-resolution. This approach will combine proxy data from sediment cores and deep-sea corals along the main paths of water masses as they cross the Mediterranean basins and exit into the North Atlantic. This paleo-data analysis will be complemented with novel climate model paleo-simulations to test the sensitivity of the AMOC to changes in Mediterranean outflow under varying AMOC conditions. The main goals are to identify: (1) The natural range of MedTHC variability; (2) The forcings and inter-regional teleconnections driving MedTHC changes; (3) The associated impact onto the AMOC. The assessment of the forcings controlling MedTHC and the ensuing impact on the AMOC will allow us to gauge the consequences of future Mediterranean changes.
Projet ERC : PARSe (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : National and Kapodistrian University of Athens — Pays : Grèce — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 150000.0 €

The PARSE project will explore the potential for wide deployment (and possible commercialization) of whole-program static program analysis techniques as a web-based service for program comprehension and reorganization. This analysis-as-a-service (AaaS) approach will have direct value for a large number of professional programmers. The programmer will use the service to answer key program comprehension questions (including: “how does my code use this open-source library?”; “Am I affected by the security vulnerabilities discovered in this library code?”; “What objects should I lock before making this library call?”) and to act upon them (e.g., reorganize code and prepare packaged versions of binary code for deployment so that only the minimal needed code is included). Such needs have been identified in direct contact with major software companies (namely, Facebook and Oracle, which are both partners in current projects with the PI’s group). The proposed work lifts such specific coding needs to a general-availability web-based software analysis service. Analysis questions will be answered in high precision, with the aid of the program analysis algorithms developed in the ERC frontier research project (SPADE —307334) that the proposed work draws upon. Past tools in the commercial or research space have focused on high-precision, yet local, analysis. The proposed work will leverage whole-program static analysis techniques (such as pointer, value-flow, and taint analyses) that the PI’s group has extensively developed in the last decade.

Mots-clés : software,programming,service,program analysis
Projet ERC : PENELOPE (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : Leibniz Association — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : LG
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1943771.0 €

The PENELOPE project builds on the hypothesis that there was a significant but tacit contribution of textile technology involved in the advent of science in ancient Greece. Bruno Latour recently claimed that technologies require an original mode of existence that accounts for their particular form of detour. I agree and propose the technological labyrinth of threads in weaving as a paradigm for this mode. In contrast to the well-known but insufficient idea of hylemorphism (a form/idea applied to material) I suggest the concept of penemorphism (a co-existence of shifting and un-shifting threads, "pene" in Greek) that enables to describe the integration of various levels and elements that are included in each and every technology, especially the digital ones. I focus in theory and practice on the technological principles of ancient weaving. In archaic Greece, we find a veridiction, a very particular way of telling the truth in weaving terms that is hidden behind the relations of metaphor and concept or mythos and logos. I detect this veridiction in all sorts of ancient texts, be they philosophical, poetical, mythographic, cosmological, or mathematical. Ancient weaving contains framing features that are lost in modern clothing technology but were decisive for their use as a model of cosmic order. For this investigation I set up a PENELOPEan laboratory where I 1. Detect the models and topologies of weaves (ancient and modern) 2. Develop codes to make them virtually explorable, and 3. Compare different types of coding and their scope with regard to their dependence on specific systems. The laboratory work is accompanied by a comparative investigation of archaic Greek texts, a selective investigation of scientific theories that employ concepts analogous to my weaving paradigm, and an anthropological investigation of the relation of codes, notations and conditions for the development of notation systems.

Mots-clés : textile studies,history of digital technologies
Projet ERC : REDOXDRUGS (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : University of Cambridge — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : U. Cambridge
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 149996.0 €

The Peroxiredoxin proteins represent a currently untapped molecular therapeutic target. We recently characterised a range of novel chemical compounds that could alter the function of one of the peroxiredoxin family members, peroxiredoxin 4 (PRDX4). The approach involved high-throughput computational “virtual” compound screening involving our supercomputer facility at the University of Cambridge. Given our success in finding chemicals that could affect the function of these proteins, we would now like to screen and provide proof-of-principle evidence of the efficacy of novel compounds for further development as therapeutic agents. This process has been very rapid for prototyping novel molecules, from idea to hit compound validation in biological assays in less than 6 months. This rapid development cycle is highly cost-efficient and produces a range of chemical “hits” that could subsequently be taken forward as “lead” compounds for pre-clinical and clinical studies in the future, as novel therapeutics for a range of diseases ranging from cardiovascular and metabolic disease to cancer.

Mots-clés : circadian,redox,drug discovery,peroxiredoxin,sleep
Projet ERC : MAGnUMplus (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Proof of concept grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Université Gustave Eiffel — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UGE
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 150000.0 €

The PoC aims to develop a prototype for an optimal route guidance system that improves traffic conditions in urban areas. Urban traffic management at large-scale is very challenging but may lead to significant travel time savings by better-distributing drivers among the network. Existing navigation apps or routing systems provide the shortest-path in time to users resulting in the network user equilibrium. However, traffic engineers know that total travel times may be reduced by 10 to 30% if user routes comply with the system optimum. There is no actual traffic management system that can achieve such a goal because of computational (determining the optimal route for all current users in NP-hard), privacy (optimality requires that all users share their destination with a centralized controller) and compliance issues (users may not follow routing instructions). The optimal route guidance system we have designed within the MAGnUM project can quickly solve the two first issues. A centralized controller produces real-time avoidance maps, i.e., the definition of how many users should avoid each subsection of the road network to alleviate congestion in this area. Such maps are derived by monitoring of overall traffic conditions. Each user transforms this information into individual route guidance through its navigation system. This privacy is guaranteed by design as the users share no information with the controller but only take benefit from avoidance maps. The PoC will not only develop the prototype but also implement the system in the field to run experiments over three months. The experiments aim to (i) test the proper system functioning, (ii) derive optimal controller settings in particular concerning the network partitioning, and (iii) investigate users’ reactions to the guidance and determine the natural compliance rate. All the studies will permit us to assess the potential of the full system better and prepare the next steps before introduction to the market.

Mots-clés : urban traffic management,avoidance maps,system optimum,optimal route guidance
Projet ERC : PolyCarbon (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : KU Leuven — Pays : Belgique — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : KUL
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1450000.0 €

The PolyCarbon project’s objective is to uncover, investigate and understand the underlying mechanisms and conditions for the expansion and contraction of the global system of carbon pricing governance. It will (1) chart the entire global system of carbon pricing policies, (2) explain the causes of adoption and rejection of (ambitious) carbon pricing policies, and (3) analyse the interaction amongst the various carbon pricing policies globally. The global system of carbon pricing policies will become exponentially more effective as it expands since carbon leakage is reduced. Carefully crafted and ambitious carbon pricing policies can be powerful tools for transitioning to a low-carbon economy in the urgent pursuit of international climate goals. Understanding the underlying mechanisms and conditions for the expansion and contraction of the global system of carbon pricing governance can provide insights for fast-tracking its formation; thus, accelerating the transition to a low-carbon economy. The PolyCarbon project will develop a novel analytical framework that captures the complexity of local and transnational processes and their interaction. This framework will guide the creation of a unique and expansive database of carbon pricing policies. The database will be used for a comprehensive multi-method analysis, combining qualitative network analysis and case studies.

Mots-clés : policy diffusion,polycentric governance,norm contestation,international cooperation
Projet ERC : HeartRater (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : Sussex innovation centre management limited — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Organismes privés (hors enseignement)
Financement ERC de l'entité : 14539.0 €

The Proof-of-Concept grant seeks to develop a commercializable platform to quantify how sensitive individuals are to their own heartbeats. This platform will have applications in clinical psychology, personalized medicine and beyond. We each differ in the way we express or control our emotions, in the way we base our decisions on feelings, and react to stress or excitement. A key determinant of these aspects on our behaviour is our sensitivity to changes in the emotional arousal of our bodies. Faster stronger heartbeats accompany threat and other challenges, but this may translate as anxiety, sadness or anger depending on how we register and interpret these changes. This Proof-of-Concept grant aims to verify the innovation potential of the ideas and methods linked to the ERC advanced grant 324150 ‘Cardiac Control of Fear in the Brain’. HeartRater will characterise an individual along dimensions of interoceptive ability, including the unique interaction between heartbeat signals and the processing of threat and fear. The Proof-of-Concept of grant will consolidate intellectual property rights and strategy, develop a technical prototype and undertake groundwork for marketing.

Mots-clés : anxiety,commercialisation,decision making,emotion regulation,proof of concept,screening,software application
Projet ERC : S-CAGE (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : University of Valencia — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UV
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1998750.0 €

The S-CAGE project aims to develop a new generation of crystalline solids with periodically-organized discrete voids, or compartments, that would benefit from the combination of the high stability and robustness of dense materials with the structural diversity and versatility (and therefore large applicability) of open frameworks. These coordination polymers (CPs) will be capable of interacting with guest species in the absence of large channels or permanent pores due to the presence of dynamic entrances. This could open new horizons towards the design of unprecedented materials as an enhanced interplay between the guests and the frameworks will be achieved resulting from the confined space of the compartmentalized pockets. The main goals of S-CAGE will be: i) Chemical design of compartmentalized 1D, 2D and 3D coordination polymers. These materials will be designed in such a way that they will provide ideal room to accommodate different guest molecules, which can be easily tuned depending on the target guest. ii) Advanced structural characterization, including modern diffraction studies under pressure of gas and volatile guests. This strategy will provide unequivocal prove of the location of the guest molecules in the internal voids and gain insights of the mechanism of entrance. The direct visualization of the modes of interactions of different gases will permit a deep comprehension of the nature of their interaction. iii) Gas separation studies. My goal will be the development of materials that could specially serve for gas separation and improve the performances of zeolites and MOFs by implementation of dynamic entities into the framework. iv) Sensing capabilities through changes in magnetic properties. The chemical design followed in S-CAGE will result in magnetic CPs with confined spaces which should enhance the interaction of the guest molecules with the framework, and thus a change in their magnetism is expected.

Mots-clés : crystal engineering
Projet ERC : REALDARK (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental constituents of matter
Entité participante : Lund University — Pays : Suède — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 0.0 €

The Standard Model of Particle Physics (SM) describes the fundamental particles and interactions of ordinary matter. Despite the SM's success in predicting experimental results, it fails to account for the large abundance of dark matter in the Universe. Dark Matter (DM) particles could be created from collisions of SM particles, such as in the Large Hadron Collider, but storage and computing limitations mean that rare processes involving DM may be missed by current data-taking methods. In REALDARK, I will consolidate my leadership in DM searches with innovative data-taking techniques in order to solve these problem for the ATLAS experiment. The technical innovations from this proposal will be widely disseminated, paving the way to advancements for future experiments. Under my leadership, the REALDARK team will break the traditional paradigm of recording detector data and then analyzing it in separate steps, by deploying data processing in real-time so that far more collision data can be searched for rare processes. We will enable new types of datasets from the upcoming LHC data-taking period and search them for new phenomena, motivated by theories of weakly interacting massive DM particle candidates and by "dark" sectors inaccessible to ordinary particles. The proposed searches will yield either a discovery of dark matter candidates, to be studied in connection with astrophysical observations, or world-leading constraints on the particle nature of dark matter, focusing theoretical efforts and search targets for future experiments.

Mots-clés : atlas,trigger,dark matter,data analysis
Projet ERC : quMercury (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental constituents of matter
Entité participante : University of Bonn — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1939263.0 €

The Standard Model of particle physics (SM), while largely successful, fails to accurately describe the state of the Universe, e.g. with respect to the evident matter/antimatter asymmetry. Various theories seek to conciliate the SM with observations by extending it, and most of these extensions introduce a massive violation of the combined charge invariance and parity (CP) symmetry. The CP violation would reflect in a sizeable permanent electric dipole moment (EDM) of fundamental particles, large enough to be detected by realistic future experiments. A few pioneering experiments already set out to measure the EDM of neutrons, electrons, or atoms. The most stringent upper limit to any EDM is currently obtained by an experiment based on room-temperature gases of mercury. I propose to take this approach to the quantum world by employing ultracold or even quantum-degenerate mercury samples. To this end, we will construct a dedicated quantum gas experiment. We will develop advanced cooling methods, obtain the world’s first Bose-Einstein condensate and degenerate Fermi gas of mercury, and introduce vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) lasers to the field. These ground-breaking innovations will increase the coherence time of the sample, enable a higher detection efficiency, and exploit coherent effects, thereby increasing the sensitivity tremendously. Our measurements of the Hg-199 atomic EDM will complement cold-molecule measurements of the electron's EDM. Technologies developed here can readily be utilized to improve the performance of Hg lattice clocks and will inspire quantum simulations of unique many-body systems. The principal investigator of this project is highly respected for his pioneering work on degenerate quantum gases of strontium. His current work on a nuclear optical clock introduced him to VUV optics and strengthened his footing in the community. Bringing together his expertise in these two fields – quantum gases and VUV optics – will lead the project to success.
Projet ERC : LAA-THz-CC (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Systems and communication engineering
Entité participante : Delft University of Technology — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TU Delft
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1497500.0 €

The THz region was limited to applications in radio astronomy and space science. In recent years, THz systems have expanded into many more areas of science, defence, security, and non-destructive industrial applications. Microwave based THz cameras have demonstrated the highest sensitivity at large distances. However, their current state of the art is comparable to the first analog photographic cameras characterized by long exposition times. Two fundamental problems have to be addressed to change this situation: technologically, there is the lack of integrated coherent arrays with high power and sensitivity; and theoretically, a field representation to characterize analytically these systems is missing. I propose to tackle the technological problem by exploiting the coherency between small antenna arrays coupled to actuated lenses to overcome the sensitivity problem and achieve instantaneous refocusing (i.e. zooming). The proposed antenna technology is based on a recent breakthrough that I pioneered: micro-lenses excited by leaky waves with seamless integration in silicon technology. This antenna enables the fabrication of large fly’s eye cameras in just two wafers, and promises one order of magnitude better scanning performances than previous solutions. An analytical model to investigate the electromagnetic response of coherent THz arrays is the enabling tool for optimizing the camera performances. I will develop this tool by combining advance spectral antenna techniques with coherent Fourier Optics. This model will not only be used in new beamforming techniques, but also for the characterization of future THz telecommunication links. This project will make the first significant strides in developing the next generation of coherent THz imaging cameras. The outcome of this project will be instrumental in pushing today's costly THz niche applications into the main stream, and possibly pole vault THz systems into the 21st century communication society.

Mots-clés : electromagnetics,antennas,heterodyne,optical systems