Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : TopATLAS (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : University of London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : U. London
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 569486.2 €

Contemporary borders operate in ways that are more complex than in the past. They have been variously conceptualised as porous, shifting and solidified. Where a border may be open for some, for others it is an impenetrable wall. Combined with the mobility of geopolitical territorial formations that operate beyond legal frameworks, such as the formation of ISIS and the situation in Europe where borders are being opened and closed against agreed treaties, the very concept of the border is being radically questioned. We need new ways to make sense of these increasingly complex spaces. This proposal aims to develop a transdisciplinary research programme for mapping, analysing and intervening in border areas in the form of a digital atlas. Topological Atlas is developed as a methodology for producing visual counter-geographies at border sites. It is ground breaking in its use of digital technologies combined with a participative approach that attends to those who are at the margins of traditional geopolitical inquiry. The project uses topology as conceptual framework and methodology to make maps that produce ‘seamless transitions’ from the space of the migrant to that of the security apparatus that creates barriers to her movement. In doing so it seeks to disrupt the cartographic norms that are being reinforced through the prevalence of GIS technology and mapping platforms such as Google Earth. It investigates forms of visual and co-produced research adapted to situations of crisis and proposes a new model for researching border areas beyond the current top-down international relations or security perspective. At the same time it acknowledges the intertwined relationship between the practice of academic inquiry, the knowledge it produces and what such knowledge can do. The project is organised around the following research question: How can mapping be used to represent borders as topological entities through the experience of those who encounter them?

Mots-clés : mapping,borders
Projet ERC : TopATLAS (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : University of Sheffield — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 0.0 €

Contemporary borders operate in ways that are more complex than in the past. They have been variously conceptualised as porous, shifting and solidified. Where a border may be open for some, for others it is an impenetrable wall. Combined with the mobility of geopolitical territorial formations that operate beyond legal frameworks, such as the formation of ISIS and the situation in Europe where borders are being opened and closed against agreed treaties, the very concept of the border is being radically questioned. We need new ways to make sense of these increasingly complex spaces. This proposal aims to develop a transdisciplinary research programme for mapping, analysing and intervening in border areas in the form of a digital atlas. Topological Atlas is developed as a methodology for producing visual counter-geographies at border sites. It is ground breaking in its use of digital technologies combined with a participative approach that attends to those who are at the margins of traditional geopolitical inquiry. The project uses topology as conceptual framework and methodology to make maps that produce ‘seamless transitions’ from the space of the migrant to that of the security apparatus that creates barriers to her movement. In doing so it seeks to disrupt the cartographic norms that are being reinforced through the prevalence of GIS technology and mapping platforms such as Google Earth. It investigates forms of visual and co-produced research adapted to situations of crisis and proposes a new model for researching border areas beyond the current top-down international relations or security perspective. At the same time it acknowledges the intertwined relationship between the practice of academic inquiry, the knowledge it produces and what such knowledge can do. The project is organised around the following research question: How can mapping be used to represent borders as topological entities through the experience of those who encounter them?

Mots-clés : mapping,borders
Projet ERC : MOVE (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution
Entité participante : University of Glasgow — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1259763.0 €

Control of vector-borne diseases from Chagas to Malaria to Dengue largely relies on reducing or eliminating the arthropod vector populations. These public health initiatives routinely lead to at least initial declines in vector populations. The challenge is that as populations decline, unexpected evolutionary (such as insecticide resistance) and ecological changes (such as population fragmentation and altered density-dependence) can occur that might facilitate or undermine control efforts. However, the relative importance of these ecological intra- and inter-specific processes in regulating vector populations is almost unknown, which hinders the prediction of vector population dynamics and how different interventions might be most effectively deployed to sustainably suppress vectors. Although vector surveillance has generated extensive high-resolution time series datasets to assess the factors that underpin population persistence and regulation, the cutting-edge analytical tools required to overcome the complexity of these data have been mostly developed by ecologists and have rarely been applied in medical entomology. Filling both these knowledge and methodological gaps will require closer integration of public health science, medical entomology and ecology that I intend to deliver through this proposal. As a quantitative ecologist, I will work closely with medical entomologists and public health scientists, to develop and apply sophisticated state-space models to longitudinal vector surveillance data from five malaria endemic countries. I will determine how interventions impact vector: 1) population regulation, 2) metapopulation connectivity and persistence, and 3) community composition. This unprecedented demographic dissection of vector populations will simultaneously challenge ecological theory and explore how to harness intra- and inter-specific processes in vector populations to accelerate 'end-game' strategies that move from vector control to elimination.

Mots-clés : vector borne diseases,interventions,population stability,intra and inter specific competition,bayesian state space models,vector surveillance,mosquitoes
Projet ERC : GelGeneCircuit (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering
Entité participante : Universidade Nova de Lisboa — Pays : Portugal — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : NOVA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1435312.0 €

Conventional cancer therapies suffer from poor efficacy owing to the lack of efficient delivery systems and to the inherent tumor heterogeneity that requires multi-modal approach to abrogate cancer progression. Nanotechnology holds promise to address these drawbacks, as the use of (bio)nanomaterials for diagnostics and therapy has been gaining momentum over the last years. The main goal of this project is to develop a novel and facile platform capable of profiling both the therapy outcome and heterogeneity in cancer, by using bioresponsive nanohydrogels for the delivery of logic multicolor synthetic gene circuits. These logic synthetic gene circuits will be designed as a biobarcode of multicolor RNA circuits embedded in hybrid nanoparticles and doped in hydrogels for local therapy in breast cancer in vivo. Using cell-type specific promoters, the multicolor miRNA circuits will be expressed specifically to each type of the cells of the tumor microenvironment. Subsequently, this will permit to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy in a cell-by-cell basis and to profile the tumor heterogeneity across different breast cancer types. In order to potentiate the translation of this ground-breaking platform into clinics and precision medicine, novel de-regulated miRNA targets will be identified based on screens performed in breast cancer patient-derived tumors that better reflect the heterogeneous tumor microenvironment in a patient-by-patient basis. In sum, the material platforms developed herein and newly identified biological targets can be harnessed to design effective cancer treatments that go beyond breast cancer. The project is highly versatile and multidisciplinary and this system can be easily adapted to target any cancer cell type and molecular mechanisms and translated to clinical testing.

Mots-clés : cancer,nanotechnology,tumor microenvironment,tumor heterogeneity,biomaterials,micrornas,gene therapy,nanoparticles
Projet ERC : BCOOL (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : University of Cambridge — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : U. Cambridge
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1467521.0 €

Cooling is essential for food and drinks, medicine, electronics and thermal comfort. Thermal changes due to pressure-driven phase transitions in fluids have long been used in vapour compression systems to achieve continuous refrigeration and air conditioning, but their energy efficiency is relatively low, and the working fluids that are employed harm the environment when released to the atmosphere. More recently, the discovery of large thermal changes due to pressure-driven phase transitions in magnetic solids has led to suggestions for environmentally friendly solid-state cooling applications. However, for this new cooling technology to succeed, it is still necessary to find suitable barocaloric (BC) materials that satisfy the demanding requirements set by applications, namely very large thermal changes in inexpensive materials that occur near room temperature in response to small applied pressures. I aim to develop new BC materials by exploiting phase transitions in non-magnetic solids whose structural and thermal properties are strongly coupled, namely ferroelectric salts, molecular crystals and hybrid materials. These materials are normally made from cheap abundant elements, and display very large latent heats and volume changes at structural phase transitions, which make them ideal candidates to exhibit extremely large BC effects that outperform those observed in state-of-the-art BC magnetic materials, and that match applications. My unique approach combines: i) materials science to identify materials with outstanding BC performance, ii) advanced experimental techniques to explore and exploit these novel materials, iii) materials engineering to create new composite materials with enhanced BC properties, and iv) fabrication of BC devices, using insight gained from modelling of materials and device parameters. If successful, my ambitious strategy will culminate in revolutionary solid-state cooling devices that are environmentally friendly and energy efficient.

Mots-clés : functional and advanced materials
Projet ERC : ORIGINSOFCORRUPTION (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Complexity
Entité participante : Leipzig University — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1498442.0 €

Cooperation is at the core of humanity’s greatest achievements but its negative consequences have hardly been considered. Specifically, everyday corruption, while being immensely harmful to the collective, is often distinctly cooperative from the perspective of its participants (e.g., exchanging bribes, insider trading). What are the psychological origins of such corrupt behaviors and can they be traced back to fundamental aspects of human psychology? In the past, developmental psychology has been critical for revealing how particular social-cognitive capacities enable the participation in socially desirable cooperation. By contrast, little research has explored if the same capacities are also implicated in the emergence of corruption. The current project will fill this gap by studying the developmental origins of corruption. For this purpose, I will examine if three paradigmatic corrupt behaviors – cheating, strategic ignorance, and unequal norm enforcement – are more likely to occur in key contexts of cooperative decision-making (mutualistic collaboration, reciprocity, and ingroup cooperation) than in analogous control contexts. Developmentally, this tendency is expected to increase from age 4 to 7 as children’s cooperative capacities in these contexts gain in maturity. In addition, I will study cooperative cheating in two cross-cultural experiments with children from modern industrialized and traditional small-scale societies. This will reveal the role of cultural influences in the development of corruption and offer a stringent test of the hypothesis that social-cognitive skills involved in cooperation generally promote its emergence. Together, the project will lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms supporting corruption and the role that our cooperative psychology plays in its development. Moreover, the results have strong potential to inform efforts aimed at facilitating ethical decision-making in children and adults alike.

Mots-clés : cooperation,corruption,children,development,cross cultural,reciprocity,norms
Projet ERC : ORIGINSOFCORRUPTION (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Complexity
Entité participante : Max Planck Society — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : MPG
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 0.0 €

Cooperation is at the core of humanity’s greatest achievements but its negative consequences have hardly been considered. Specifically, everyday corruption, while being immensely harmful to the collective, is often distinctly cooperative from the perspective of its participants (e.g., exchanging bribes, insider trading). What are the psychological origins of such corrupt behaviors and can they be traced back to fundamental aspects of human psychology? In the past, developmental psychology has been critical for revealing how particular social-cognitive capacities enable the participation in socially desirable cooperation. By contrast, little research has explored if the same capacities are also implicated in the emergence of corruption. The current project will fill this gap by studying the developmental origins of corruption. For this purpose, I will examine if three paradigmatic corrupt behaviors – cheating, strategic ignorance, and unequal norm enforcement – are more likely to occur in key contexts of cooperative decision-making (mutualistic collaboration, reciprocity, and ingroup cooperation) than in analogous control contexts. Developmentally, this tendency is expected to increase from age 4 to 7 as children’s cooperative capacities in these contexts gain in maturity. In addition, I will study cooperative cheating in two cross-cultural experiments with children from modern industrialized and traditional small-scale societies. This will reveal the role of cultural influences in the development of corruption and offer a stringent test of the hypothesis that social-cognitive skills involved in cooperation generally promote its emergence. Together, the project will lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms supporting corruption and the role that our cooperative psychology plays in its development. Moreover, the results have strong potential to inform efforts aimed at facilitating ethical decision-making in children and adults alike.

Mots-clés : cooperation,corruption,children,development,cross cultural,reciprocity,norms
Projet ERC : COOPERATION (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Complexity
Entité participante : Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : VU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1500000.0 €

Cooperation is essential for mitigating conflict between individual and collective interests in relationships and groups, such as providing public goods and conserving resources. Most research testing psychological and economic theory of cooperation has applied a highly specific lab method (e.g., the prisoner’s dilemma) that unnecessarily constrains the applicability of research findings. The discrepancies between cooperation observed in the lab and field can be due to variation in interdependence. Two limitations of lab studies to generalizing findings to the field are that (1) lab studies contain interdependence that differs from reality and (2) in the field people lack knowledge about their objective interdependence with others – and must infer their interdependence. I propose two inter-related research programs that test hypotheses derived from Functional Interdependence Theory on how objective and perceived interdependence affect cooperation. Project 1 applies meta-analysis to test hypotheses about how variation in objective interdependence across lab studies moderates the effectiveness of strategies to promote cooperation. Because Project 2 involves a pioneering effort to catalogue and analyze the 60 year history of research on cooperation, I will apply these efforts to develop an international, multidisciplinary institution and open access database for cataloguing studies in a way that facilitates scientific progress. Project 2 (a) develops a measure of perceived interdependence, (b) observes the interdependence people encounter in their daily lives, (c) tests two models of how people think about interdependence, and (d) innovates and applies a method to test hypotheses about factors that influence accuracy and bias in perceptions of interdependence. To maximize the ecological validity of research findings, I study cooperation in different samples (students, romantic couples, and employees) with the use of multiple methods (survey, experimental, and field).

Mots-clés : cooperation,public goods,conflict,interdependence
Projet ERC : NanoC4 (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : Technion – Israel Institute of Technology — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 150000.0 €

Coordinated operation of clusters of nanosatellites can potentially revolutionize the space sector; however, until recently, performing long-term satellite cluster flight was thought to be impractical, since existing orbital control methods required too much fuel. During the FADER ERC Starting Grant, our team was able to develop autonomous cluster flight algorithms capable of preserving the relative geometry and communication links among satellites in a cluster for mission lifetimes exceeding a year, while utilizing minimal amounts of fuel. Moreover, we developed cluster flight algorithms that do not require propulsion systems at all, demonstrating the usage of atmospheric drag to maintain clusters of satellites in low Earth orbits, while keeping distance constraints among satellites. Utilizing these newly-developed algorithms, nanosatellite clusters can yield the performance of a conventional large satellite for a fraction of the cost, and greatly improve mission and/or science return. The FADER algorithms were subsequently implemented as a prototype on SAMSON, the first triple-nanosatellite autonomous cluster flight mission, scheduled to be launched in 2018. In this PoC proposal, we will implement the FADER algorithms as embedded software that would enable multiple partners from the nanosatellite industry to use and distribute this new Autonomous Nanosatellite-Clusters Control, Coordination and Communication (NanoC4) Software. The NanoC4 software package will be composed of: (1) cluster flight software, including autonomous orbit control, navigation and inter-satellite communication modules; and (2) a nanosatellite-payload data fusion module for several mission scenarios. Both components will be tested on various space-qualified processors currently available on the market. NanoC4 will thus transform FADER’s results and SAMSON’s prototype implementation into a widely-available product, for the benefit of the European nanosatellite industry and academia.

Mots-clés : nanosatellites,satellite clusters,formation flying,cluster flight,autonomous satellites,flight algorithms,flight software,on board processors,multi satellite missions
Projet ERC : GIDE (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System
Entité participante : Max Planck Society — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : MPG
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1493382.0 €

Cortical interneurons are a diverse class of inhibitory neurons that play a particularly important role in the stability of the neural circuits underlying cognitive and higher order brain functions. A growing body of evidence suggests that perturbation of interneuron development can result in a variety of complex neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Thus, elucidating how interneurons develop and integrate into canonical brain circuits is crucial for understanding the brain in both health and disease. During perinatal development, intrinsic and environmental processes cooperate to establish the adult form of brain connectivity and behaviour control. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying these interactive processes, I propose to combine genetic fate-mapping techniques with high-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing technologies to gain a detailed understanding of neurogenesis at the cellular level and elucidate how an immense diversity of interneuron subtypes is generated (Aim 1). Furthermore, I will utilize a novel retroviral barcoding strategy to reveal how much of an interneuron’s fate is genetically predetermined by lineage within progenitor zones of the ventral forebrain (Aim 2). Finally, I will study the genetic mechanisms that enable cell intrinsic programs to be shaped by environmental activity-dependent processes during the critical window of development (Aim 3). Candidate genes resulting from these aims will be functionally characterized through gain of function and loss of function methods. This proposal takes full advantage of my extensive training in viral and mouse genetic techniques, single-cell transcriptomic data processing, and in vivo manipulation of neuronal activity. I am confident that I will be able to successfully complete the proposed aims while exploring fascinating and long-standing questions of developmental neurobiology.