Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : BNCI2 (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Compl exity
Entité participante : Hôpital universitaire de la Charité de Berlin — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Charité
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999875.0 €

More than 1 billion people worldwide suffer from compromised mental health due to a brain disorder, such as depression, addiction, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) or dementia. While already accounting for 19% of all years lived with disability, the relative share of these disorders is further increasing. Currently, due to the complexity of the human mind and brain, effective and side effect-free treatment options are lacking. To establish such options would not only require identifying the underlying neural substrates of clinical symptoms, but also effective means to directly modulate them. While advanced neuroimaging could link specific clinical symptoms to the metabolic activity of cortical and subcortical networks or neural circuits, it is unclear how this metabolic activity translates to the continuously evolving dynamics of widespread brain oscillatory activity. A possible way to identify and target such oscillatory brain states would be the use of millimeter-precise and brain state-dependent neuromodulation, e.g., using electric or magnetic fields. However, this could not be established yet because reliable and accurate assessment of brain oscillations is impeded by stimulation artifacts. Moreover, there are no stimulation tools available that provide sufficient focality and steerability to target dynamic brain states at multiple locations with millisecond-precision. Building on our previous work, we will overcome these limitations and establish a new approach that combines quantum sensors offering unprecedented accuracy with closed-loop temporal interference magnetic stimulation to target cortical and subcortical areas at millimeter- and millisecond precision. The system will be validated in persons diagnosed with depression, OCD, addiction, and dementia. Finally, the paradigm will be implemented in a portable system to foster fast adoption in clinical environments.

Mots-clés : quantum sensors,closed loop brain stimulation,temporal interference magnetic stimulation,mental health,neural substrates of the human mind
Projet ERC : SimpleMinds (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System
Entité participante : Hôpital universitaire de la Charité de Berlin — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Charité
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2477303.0 €

How we and other animals ‘make up our minds’ is an everlasting question that has occupied philosophers and scientists for centuries. Sensory-evoked activity patterns, memory engrams and internally generated brain activity conveying the animal’s internal state are meant to integrate to promote an appropriate behaviour. Still, direct evidence for how integration works on the network, the neurophysiological and the molecular level remains limited. Exemplifying internal needs with tiredness and hunger, and focusing on the numerically simple brain of Drosophila, we here test a parallel filter hypothesis to explain how sensory and internal states are integrated across the relevant centres of the fly brain. We posit that parallel neural filters will have changed permeability for sensory stimuli and to compete: e.g., if hungry, neural networks promoting food approach behaviour will change their permeability for sensory cues relative to those promoting sleep. Our approach will visualise neural activity, while recording online fly behaviour related to hunger, sleep and experience on a treadmill. It will tackle the physiological basis shaping filters, including oscillatory cell and network activities as well as synaptic gating, while recording whole brain activity. We capitalise on our expertise in functional imaging and previous discoveries of hunger and sleep gates as well as their synaptic and network substrates. We will investigate and interfere with key molecular factors underlying filtering to directly challenge network integration and behavioural outcome. Finally, we will remote control competing parallel filters, to test whether sensory permeability can switch the animal’s state between an ego- and an allocentric-like world view and whether depression-like states related to learnt helplessness will favour an egocentric filter setting. Understanding neural filter properties should allow further insights to the physiological basis of depressed states.
Projet ERC : WILDHIST (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Study of the Human Past
Entité participante : Conseil supérieur de la recherche scientifique — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CSIC
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999135.0 €

Rubber connected rainforests, factories and research laboratories during the industrial age. This entangled history has been widely acknowledged, yet its complex material background remains poorly understood. WILDHIST is the first multi-scale and multi-sited historical analysis of the exploration, extraction, processing, transport and manufacturing of wild rubber in a long-term frame. The project hypothesis is that wild rubber industries in the tropical rainforests of Africa and Latin America were key sites in the broader dynamics of industrialisation and scientific research from the 1820s to the 1940s, forming an integral part of the expanding global networks of knowledge exchange. While most studies offer a fragmentary perspective, this unique project brings rainforests, industries and laboratories into a single analytical focus, thereby shedding light on their historical entanglement.  WILDHIST combines an analysis of contrasting non-plantation histories of rubber production in the Amazon, Congo Basin and so-called Maya Forest with broader histories of transnational interaction. The project rethinks and rewrites the global history of wild rubber by systematically and critically exploring a rich array of written, visual and oral sources located throughout the world. Its trans-local, interdisciplinary, comparative, digital and visual methodology will provide a truly comprehensive and nuanced historical account of how rubber was transformed into commodities and then final goods for local, regional or global markets. The project has three objectives: 1) Studying the actors, techniques, skills, knowledge and relations of production at rainforests’ rubber frontiers; 2) Reconstructing, mapping and analysing the transnational chains of rubber production, including networks of science and expertise; 3) Exploring the visual representation of rubber production throughout the world using tools of digital and spatial humanities.

Mots-clés : wild rubber rainforest frontiers africa latin america transnational history technologies of production scientific research industries 1820s 1940s
Projet ERC : PLECTRUM (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Environmental B iology, Ecology  and E volution
Entité participante : Conseil supérieur de la recherche scientifique — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CSIC
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1210810.89 €

Functional traits of organisms determine their responses to the environment, disturbances, biotic interactions, but also their effects on ecosystem processes. Therefore trait-based approaches can potentially advance our understanding of complex ecological questions. However, straightforward approaches for accurate predictions of community composition and ecosystem functioning from traits are not yet available. Studies have considered different traits, which hampers synthesis, and analytical tools have been limited. Trait-based predictions need a holistic approach incorporating all aspects of the functional structure of plant communities within a unified plant functional space (UPFS) that considers the independent information provided by above- and belowground traits. PLECTRUM takes advantage of the UPFS and provides solutions for three of the most intractable problems for trait-based ecology: (i) the dimensionality of functional variation across ecosystems, (ii) predicting functional structure from environmental variables, and (iii) using this knowledge to forecast the effects of global change on functional structure, ecosystem functioning, and species’ extinction risk. I will combine the information from massive datasets of vegetation plots and plant traits with the first global standardized sampling of key above- and belowground traits. I will use this data to quantify functional dimensionality across ecosystems, and estimate the position of thousands of species in the UPFS. Then, I will use species distributions in the UPFS analogous to images and apply deep learning methods to link the functional structure of communities to ecosystem functioning and environmental change. The methodological toolbox developed in the project, combined with the synergy of aboveground and root traits, will allow us to forecast the effects of different global change scenarios on plant communities and their functioning across scales.

Mots-clés : functional diversity,traits,global change
Projet ERC : DYNWALL (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Biotechnology and Biosystems E ngineering
Entité participante : Conseil supérieur de la recherche scientifique — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CSIC
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1022692.12 €

Plants have a strong yet extensible wall as their outermost layer, which is indispensable for the survival of the cell and permits cell adhesion. The plant cell wall (CW) plays an essential role in response to biotic stress, as it constitutes the first contact substrate for microbes. Our findings using the model pathosystem consisting of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana and a root pathogen that can infect it, Fusarium oxysporum (Fo), confirm that the plant CW is not the static barrier it has been seen as until recently. On the contrary, based on our preliminary data, we hypothesize that plant CW remodeling at the subcellular level plays an essential role in the outcome of the plant-microbe interaction, which might explain the sophisticated mechanisms of plant-endophyte (pathogen, neutral or beneficial) co-evolution. Our work has established a foundation of tools that provide a timely and unprecedented opportunity to test this idea. We aim to elucidate the role of root-specific CW composition and its dynamic changes in root-Fo interaction. Then, we will use this knowledge to modulate the CW properties of the root cell layers to reduce Fo pathogenesis while maintaining beneficial endophytism. Through a unique combination of well-established and high-risk/high-gain molecular, biochemical, bioimaging, and genetics approaches, this project will provide groundbreaking insights not only into the molecular mechanisms underlying CW-dependent establishment and regulation of innate immune signaling in plants, but also into general mechanisms that control plant-microbe interaction outside the plasma membranes. The knowledge gained from this work will advance our current understanding of plant-microbe co-evolution. In addition, we will generate innovative methodologies that will be applicable in designing strategies to reduce damage caused by vascular pathogens in crops.

Mots-clés : root vascular pathogen,plant cell wall,fusarium oxysporum
Projet ERC : PRODIGEST (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Biotechnology and Biosystems E ngineering
Entité participante : Conseil supérieur de la recherche scientifique — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CSIC
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2355741.0 €

The global food system is currently facing great challenges, which are mainly motivated by environmental and health-related concerns: (i) The existing food resources are not efficiently utilized; while some of them are overexploited, causing water/soil shortage, biodiversity losses, etc., others are not properly valorized (e.g. seaweeds). (ii) Moreover, the unhealthy dietary habits of modern societies are leading to a dramatic increase in the incidence of diet-related chronic diseases (e.g. obesity, diabetes, etc.). In this context, the food industry is actively looking for ‘novel’ food sources with added health benefits. However, to design strategies for a sustainable production of nutritious food products from alternative sources and to predict their potential metabolic responses (e.g. satiety, allergenicity, etc.), it is essential to understand how food structure, digestibility and bioavailability are correlated. PRODIGEST seeks to investigate this topic from a novel perspective, focusing on the mechanistic and structural aspects of the gastrointestinal digestion of food proteins and studying their implications on bioavailability. The type of structures formed by the assembly of the digestion products through intermolecular associations or by interactions with physiological medium components, as well as the effect of dietary fibres (which are abundant in alternative protein sources) will be studied and linked to their intestinal transport and susceptibility to trigger metabolic responses. To address this challenge, a set of advanced structural characterization tools (including X-ray and neutron scattering techniques, peptidomic analyses and rheology), as well as intestinal transport studies, will be combined through a multi-disciplinary approach, interconnecting structural characterization, food science and biotechnology. The project outcomes will find potential applications to diverse research areas, such as nutrition, food technology, pharmacology and medicine.

Mots-clés : digestion,proteins,dietary fibres,scattering,x rays,multi scale structure,novel foods,bioavailability
Projet ERC : SpainOnStage (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Texts and Concepts
Entité participante : Conseil supérieur de la recherche scientifique — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CSIC
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1993335.0 €

This project aims to propose new narratives of Spanish dance history analysing the components, processes, and contexts involved in the configuration of the dancing body through its negotiations with national identity at the turn of the 20th century. It will recuperate, study, and reconstruct a corpus of choreographies and dances conserved in footage and film fragments between 1894 and 1936, the period between the crisis of the colonial system and the military coup that caused the Civil War and the following four decades of dictatorship. The study will articulate new theoretical tools to rethink the place of Spanish dance between the colonising and the colonized, understanding the body as a living archive through intersectional and transcultural perspectives. A research team from CSIC will apply a ground-breaking interdisciplinary methodology based on three main areas: archive-based research; practice-in-research and movement analysis; and dance motion capture and 3D animation. Thus it will provide a theoretical and practical understanding of the evolution of the languages, codes, and gestures in order to integrate that reading into a revised history of Spanish dance. The versatile results will include an open-access dance motion capture database and the basis for a Virtual Spanish Dance Museum through an immersive Virtual Reality platform, serving future research projects, dance companies, educational institutions, and the general public. Finally, the results will contribute to enjoying these recovered treasures of European intangible heritage and preserving them for the knowledge of future generations.

Mots-clés : dance history,spanish dance,cultural identity,imaginaries,dancing body
Projet ERC : MULTIMETALBAT (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and Processes Engineering
Entité participante : Conseil supérieur de la recherche scientifique — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CSIC
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1889561.0 €

Li metal is considered to be the holy grail anode material due to its high specific capacity and low standard redox potential and could, in theory, lead to the assembly of extremely high energy density cells. Metal anode based batteries, in general, represent the main viable option towards a leapfrog in terms of energy density when compared with current Li-ion technology, thus motivating important research efforts in Li-air, Li-Sulfur and, more recently, solid state batteries (SSB). Unfortunately, all of these technologies (even SSB) suffer from dendritic Li growth, eventually resulting in short circuit/thermal runaway. Requirements for smooth Li metal electrodeposition, mostly consist in the fine control of the cation mass transport through the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), which in turn is governed by the composition, morphology and stability of the latter. Unfortunately, and after several decades of investigation, it is virtually impossible to achieve the perfect interphase/interface which can sustain thousands of cycles in real battery operation conditions. The main objective of MULTIMETALBAT is to bring a new paradigm for metal anode by developing electrolytes containing a mixture of multiple cations (Li+, Na+, K+, Ca2+ or Mg2+) which will modify the overall thermodynamics of plating and stripping when compared with conventional single metal anode. Kinetic competition between various electrodeposition processes will be promoted and the SEI will be engineered to sustain high mechanical, chemical and thermal stability, hence helping promoting homogeneous cation diffusion through it. Targeted figures of merit include: i) critical current density for 3D metal growth above 10 mA.cm-2 and ii) 350 Wh/kg energy density for 100 mAh pouch cells, almost doubling that of current Li-ion. Yet, the main objective of MULTIMETALBAT will be increased safety and extensive standard safety measurements will be performed on prototype cells and compared with Li-ion batteries.

Mots-clés : energy storage,battery,metal anode
Projet ERC : OZ (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth System Science
Entité participante : Conseil supérieur de la recherche scientifique — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CSIC
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2000000.0 €

In contrast to other known terrestrial planets, the Earth's interior is oxygen-breathing through the sink of oxidised tectonic plates at convergent margins since the late Archean to Paleoproterozoic. Recent estimates suggest that the redox capacity of some key subducting chemical elements is not balanced on geological time scales by global magmatism and volcanism, thus implying a puzzling deep oxygenation of our planet. Although current models presume that the redox state of subducting slabs is irreversible, my most recent results demonstrate that mixing of fluids from different slab lithologies can dramatically change the redox capacity of such fluids and the deeply subducted residues. The OZ project will provide an unprecedented quantitative framework to account for such interactions in order to determine the effectiveness of subduction slab fluids to oxidise the mantle wedge and generate the most oxidised magmatism on Earth: arc magmatism. To achieve this ambitious goal, OZ will address four specific goals: (1) the experimental determination of the effect of oxygen (fO2) and sulphur (fS2) fugacity on the stability of critical mineral assemblages during the prograde metamorphic evolution of serpentinites by using a novel triple capsule buffering technique in high pressure experiments; (2) the determination of sulphur mobility at high pressure due to gradients in fO2 and fS2 by means of an original experimental capsule design with interconnected reservoirs representative of the heterogeneity of the slab; (3) the characterization of sulphide-oxide mineral associations in natural samples from exhumed paleo-subduction terranes to demonstrate the scales of fluid mixing in nature; and (4) the upscaling of these processes to subduction zones by using two types of equilibrium reactive transport models at the scale of the slab and the mantle wedge.

Mots-clés : subduction zones redox processes serpentinites volatiles
Projet ERC : INTERSECT (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Human Mobility, Environment, and Space
Entité participante : Federal Office for Migration and Refugees — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : BAMF
Type d'entité : Organismes publics (hors enseignement & recherche)
Financement ERC de l'entité : 375464.0 €

The health effects of the migration trajectory, from pre- to post-migration in new environments, have yet been poorly studied. Methodological challenges and selection effects limit the possibilities for causal inferences on how differences in social, economic, or political factors at small-area level affect variation in health among migrants (e.g. differential mortality or self-reported health). Knowledge about such relations would not only inform better and health and integration policies for migrants. Considering migrants as humans in new environments (not as singularity), may allow to conclude on the relationship between context and health more general, and inform public health beyond immigration. However, randomisation of individuals into new contexts is not possible, and establishment of prospective cohorts (from pre- to post-migration settings) is challenging, resource-intensive and prone to selection bias. The aim of INTERSECT is to study human mobility and health consequences of different social, economic and policy environments at small-area level. To this end, INTERSECT builds on three innovations: i) it re-constructs the migration trajectory by using existing data among German-bound re-settlement refugees through data-linkage or distributed computation techniques, ii) it capitalises on mandatory dispersal as natural experiment to minimise selective migration into contexts, iii) it prospectively collects primary data on health of resettlement refugees and combines these with administrative and contextual data. Using these methodological innovations, INTERSECT creates a unique research infrastructure that allows answering important research questions on social, economic and political factors at small-area level which causally explain A) mortality differences among refugees while considering baseline health status; B) changes in self-reported health status depending on changes in contexts; and C) individual and/or contextual factors moderating such effects.

Mots-clés : social epidemiology migration trajectory natural experiments social policy small area contexts