Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : MAESTRO (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth System Science
Entité participante : Météo-France — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 237866.74 €

Recent research has shown that the spatial organisation of convection (and hence clouds) at the mesoscale (20-200km) dramatically affects the Earth’s energy balance and hydrological cycle. This raises the question as to how the organisation of convection will change with warming, and how it will influence the climate. A poor understanding of the physical drivers of the mesoscale organisation of convection, compounded by an inability to simulate and observe such processes, has hampered our ability to articulate this challenging question, let alone answer it. In MAESTRO I propose to develop observational approaches and analysis frameworks specifically designed to test mechanisms hypothesized to control the mesoscale organisation of both shallow and deep convective clouds. Advances in airborne remote sensing will be exploited to map the spatial structures of clouds and water vapor, to interpret their coupling through the analysis of coherent structures within the clear-air environment around clouds, and to understand their dependence on environmental conditions. This will help understand why and how convective clouds organise at the mesoscale, why the organisation co-varies with water vapor, clouds and radiation locally and remotely, and why it co-varies with climate conditions. By connecting observations from the airborne measurements to satellite observations and meteorological analyses, the generality of the insights from the field measurements will be tested and tempered. Finally, observational insights will be used to assess the new and emerging generation of climate models whose resolution is fine enough to represent the mesoscale organisation of convection and its interaction with climate. MAESTRO will lead to new experimental techniques for studying atmospheric processes, to an improved conceptualization of the interplay between convective organisation and climate, and to a critical assessment of the new generation of climate models for climate change studies.

Mots-clés : tropical convection,mesoscale organisation,clouds,water vapor,radiation budget,atmospheric processes,convective aggregation,field campaign,climate models
Projet ERC : Laser-Tissue-Perfuse (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Biotechnology and Biosystems E ngineering
Entité participante : Université Gottfried-Wilhelm-Leibniz de Hanovre — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1702036.5 €

Building 3D vascularised organs remains the major unsolved challenge to be overcome in biofabrication and tissue engineering. Establishing blood vessels capable of efficient transport of gas, nutrients, and metabolites to and from cells is a prerequisite for the survival of tissue constructs, both in vitro and when transplanted in vivo. High resolution multi-scale constructs are necessary to replicate the complexity of functional vascular perfusion from large scale arteries and veins to micron scale arterioles, venules and capillaries. Using a unique combination of advanced laser bioprinting with two-photon polymerisation technique a full vascular system may be generated by exploring different scaffold-based, scaffold-free, sacrificial, and hybrid approaches for the generation of a complex vasculature with functional layers and extra-cellular matrix. The connection of artery and vein with engineered vascular tree including capillaries have received little research attention despite the crucial requirement to reliably connect perfusion inlets and outlets to a pulsatile flow system. This is essential not only to perfuse tissue, but to stimulate and control maturation of engineered tissue in reaching the condition required to function with realistic biophysical characteristics of thick tissue outside of a closed incubation chamber. Computer-controlled generation of a 3D vascular capillary tree and achieving its perfusion in centimetre scale cardiac and skin tissue constructs using the developed biofabrication methodologies will represent a seminal breakthrough in organ regeneration with widespread long-term impacts across the field of regenerative medicine.

Mots-clés : vasculature,micro vasculature,perfusion systems,two photon polymerisation,laser bio printing
Projet ERC : ProSync (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Systems and Communication Engineering
Entité participante : École polytechnique Chalmers — Pays : Suède — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 3499696.0 €

Laser frequency combs based on mode-locked lasers are extraordinary photonic devices that have revolutionized precision frequency synthesis and metrology in the 21st century. They have enabled groundbreaking developments such as optical clocks, femtosecond-level timing synchronization, and ultra-pure microwave generation.  Microresonator-based frequency combs (microcombs) offer a transformative potential to reduce the complexity and size of traditional laser frequency combs. Recent advances in dissipative Kerr solitons have demonstrated the viability of these chip-scale devices, which can be manufactured at the wafer level through semiconductor processing techniques. However, microcombs still fall short in stability and phase noise compared to their non-integrated, mode-locked counterparts due to intrinsic scaling limitations when operating at the chip scale.  This proposal seeks to bridge this performance gap by developing high-performance, octave-spanning microcombs with photodetectable repetition rates using innovative arrangements of coupled microresonators. These advancements will enable single-point optical frequency division, whereby the comb’s degrees of freedom will be determined by an optical frequency reference. The project will explore 3D integration of ultralow-loss silicon nitride with advanced materials, aiming to create high-performance microcomb-based systems on a chip, and lay the foundation for novel optoelectronic synchronization architectures in datacenters.  These innovations address key challenges in energy consumption and capacity scaling in datacenters and large scaling computing architectures, paving the way for future advancements in global communication infrastructure.

Mots-clés : silicon photonics laser frequency combs fiber optic communications microresonator frequency combs
Projet ERC : MENBELONG (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Soci al World and Its Interactions
Entité participante : Université d'Özyeğin — Pays : Turquie — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : ÖZÜ
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 104322.5 €

The successful integration of migrant populations requires that individuals who permanently relocate to a host country develop a sense of belonging. This involves not only economic and legal integration, but also the sharing of values, practices, and social networks with others. Single men form the largest group within global migration flows but face the harshest challenges to successful integration and belonging. They are frequently viewed as taking away opportunities from citizens and are deprioritized in social services in favour of families and women. They are also often stereotyped as hypersexualized or criminal. In the face of these obstacles, single migrant men create a range of unique belonging strategies that take place outside family networks and formal integration processes. Yet existing migration research tends to focus on the experience of women and families and the integration of specific groups of migrant men (usually Muslim) in Western democracies. As a result, we know very little about how single migrant men develop a sense of belonging outside of these restricted contexts. In this project, I investigate single migrant men’s experiences of belonging across five countries that have experienced abrupt, large-scale migration flows and that have different gender equality levels and integration policies. These groups include Syrians in Türkiye, Mexicans in Canada, Turks in Germany, Myanmarese in Thailand, and Venezuelans in Chile. My team includes country experts from the disciplines of migration studies, anthropology, sociology, gender studies, and community mental health with expertise in archival research, experimental surveys, interviews and photovoice. I draw on these perspectives to develop a theory of migrant belonging. This comprehensive approach will impact theories of migration and gender by providing intersectional and international insights into how single migrant men develop a sense of belonging in the face of serious challenges.

Mots-clés : masculinity,intersectionality,belonging,stigma,mixed methods research,non eu countries
Projet ERC : RE-ALIGN (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Materials Engineering
Entité participante : Université de technologie d'Eindhoven — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 3056887.0 €

Regenerative Medicine aims to restore the composition and organisation of damaged tissues of the human body to regain tissue functionality. When regenerating tissues inside the body (in situ), however, restoration of tissue structural organisation is commonly overlooked. This is particularly problematic for the heart, where functional performance is inseparable from its structurally aligned (= anisotropic) organisation at length scales from the cell to the organ. Two decades of cell-, gene- and material-based therapies to regenerate the damaged heart have mainly targeted the restoration of tissue composition, so far with limited success. I hypothesise that synergistic restoration of tissue anisotropy will radically improve therapy outcomes as it provides the proper environment for cell function, will promote coordinated contraction and halt adverse effects like fibrosis and inflammation. With my team I will test this hypothesis and explore an entirely new concept for restoring cardiac tissue anisotropy remotely using ultrasound. We will create living model systems at the cell and tissue level that recapitulate the increasing heterogeneity of damaged cardiac tissue following cardiac infarction, offer control of cardiac dynamics, and allow manipulation of structural organisation to delineate the interplay between (an)isotropy and cell and tissue functions. By integrating mechanistic understanding from cell and tissue level with multi-scale computational modelling in comparison with an ex vivo living heart model, we will rationally design strategies to mechanically RE-ALIGN diseased, disorganised cardiac tissue at the organ level and evaluate to what extend this can be achieved using ultrasound. By focusing on regenerating structure-function properties in situ, this multidisciplinary, technology-driven project provides unique insights and novel tools that may open up new therapeutic concepts for Regenerative Medicine in general and Cardiac Regeneration in particular.

Mots-clés : in situ tissue engineering,structural anisotropy,myocardium,regenerative medicine,mechanobiology
Projet ERC : PRO-ARTIS (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : Université de technologie d'Eindhoven — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2499668.0 €

Artificial cells are soft matter, micron-sized compartments that display features which are normally associated with living cells only. These include aspects such as metabolism, growth and communication. Artificial cell research is motivated by the fact that the creation of synthetic compartments with lifelike features leads to a better understanding of the complexity of living cells and to the ability to design systems with interactive behavior. Research has until now been mostly focused on the development of individual artificial cells. However, in biology living cells don’t act fully independently; their behavior is much affected by the proximity of other cells. Cells therefore display interdependence for both single cell populations of bacteria and for more strongly integrated multicellular systems such as tissues. With PRO-ARTIS I aim to explore a new direction in artificial cell research, by creating artificial cell populations with interdependent and autonomous function. To achieve this goal I will optimally benefit from our recently developed artificial cell platform that allows the dynamic uptake and release of proteins. This is a powerful method for the exchange of active components that can be employed in process regulation. This investigation is of great interest as it allows me to take the functional integration of different artificial cells to an advanced level. From a fundamental point of view, this will shed more light on how natural multicellular processes are governed. It furthermore provides exciting opportunities to develop concepts that can be translated to a next generation of dynamic soft matter systems. I furthermore aim to functionally integrate artificial and living cells. This ambitious objective addresses an underexplored area in synthetic biology with much potential in biomedicine. If the challenging task of integration succeeds, I have developed a technology that directs and modulates biological processes with unprecedented precision.
Projet ERC : Intrap (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and Processes Engineering
Entité participante : Université de technologie d'Eindhoven — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 3123287.0 €

Cancer still is one of the world’s deadliest diseases. Most devastating is the ability of cancer cells to spread throughout the body in a multistep process called metastasis, the major cause for mortality. A critical step is intravasation, when cancer cells pass a blood vessel wall to enter the blood stream, and travel to another location to create a secondary tumor. However, the mechanisms of intravasation are still largely unexplored, even though it is pivotal: if we can prevent it, cancer does not spread. Intrap aims to enhance our understanding of intravasation through a unique experimental approach. We hypothesize that intravasation is critically controlled by mechanical cues like stiffness, geometry, and adhesive interactions; after all, the act of passing the vessel wall requires mechanical action of the cells: deforming, adhering, detaching, moving, and overcoming mechanical forces. We will take a systematic approach enabling to separately control different mechanical cues, and directly observe their effect on intravasation. The groundbreaking result will be a pass-no-pass phase diagram that shows under which conditions cancer cells can or cannot pass a vessel wall. We will develop an innovative microfluidic platform with a multi-chip architecture for in vitro intravasation testing. In the individual chips we will create blood vessels with varying geometry and permeability, surrounded by extracellular matrices with pre-determined mechanical properties in which different tumor cells or cell clusters with known or controlled mechanical properties will be integrated. We will directly observe the intravasation process using live microscopy. Our platform will open new approaches to cancer research; our discoveries will expand our scientific knowledge of metastasis. Beyond Intrap, the obtained insights can contribute to the development of highly needed novel cancer treatments that intervene with mechanical properties of cancer cells, matrix or blood vessels.

Mots-clés : microfluidics organ on a chip metastasis intravasation
Projet ERC : OUTOFSIGHT (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Texts and Concepts
Entité participante : Université d'Uppsala — Pays : Suède — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2499839.0 €

Recent years have seen previously largely unnoticed groups—frontline health workers, workers along global supply chains, victims of sexual abuse, people who subscribe to outlandish conspiracy theories—suddenly appearing in the limelight. This project takes a step back and documents the processes through which some people come to be unnoticed in the first place. NOTREALLYTHERE aims to transform sociologist Erving Goffman’s well-known but undertheorized concept of “non-person” into a fresh field of interdisciplinary inquiry. The project will interrogate being NOTREALLYTHERE as a representational effect, an interactional achievement, a particular subject position, and an affordance: a feature of life that facilitates some actions, feelings, thoughts, and identities, and that encumbers or blocks others. It is informed by Foucauldian-inspired theories about how discursive arrangements distribute and influence perception and attention. But it will complicate those theories and bridge a gap in the literature by conducting detailed case studies, comparing people who frequently are rendered NOTREALLYTHERE against their will or desire (such as migrants or refugees), and others (such as simultaneous interpreters, or artists who intentionally hide their identity), who reap professional rewards, or gain greater freedoms, by consciously doing their best to be NOTREALLYTHERE. The project examines the axis of perceptibility/imperceptibility, and will document how it is established and contested, by whom, how it matters, and why. It explores the concrete ways in which being NOTREALLYTHERE can be a strategy of power and a tactic of resistance. But it also will document where and how such perspectives fall short and require revision. Examining willed and unwilled dimensions of being NOTREALLYTHERE in the same framework will lay the foundations for a new field of inquiry that synthesizes research on agnotology (ignorance), visuality, silencing, and social interaction.

Mots-clés : non persons,invisibility,silencing,ignorance
Projet ERC : DONUTS (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Molecules of Life: B iological  Mechanisms , Structures  and Functions
Entité participante : Université d'Uppsala — Pays : Suède — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2137145.0 €

Eukaryotic genomes are packaged into chromatin, which restricts access to the DNA. Key genomic processes therefore involve the rearrangement of chromatin by ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling enzymes (remodellers), which actively place and reorganise nucleosomes. The precise positioning of nucleosomes plays a crucial role in regulating transcription, replication, and DNA repair. DNA sequence impacts this nucleosome architecture by affecting the activity of remodellers. However, what mechanisms underlie this critical sequence dependence in remodelling remains unknown. Here, we propose to address this longstanding question based on the following rationale: the nucleosome represents a highly constrained substrate with many histone-DNA interactions. Remodeller action therefore involves multiple sequential catalytic cycles and a series of transient structural intermediates of the nucleosome. We hypothesise that the nature and stability of these intermediates determine the effects of DNA sequence on remodelling. Probing this hypothesis requires the direct observation of transient remodelling intermediates as a function of sequence at the genome scale, which cannot be achieved with currently existing methods. We aim to address this major challenge by developing a novel high-throughput platform that combines, for the first time, single-molecule measurements of complex dynamics with next-generation sequencing. This platform will enable the comprehensive profiling of sequence-dependent processes at the single-molecule level. We will leverage the platform in combination with molecular simulations and in vivo experiments to gain groundbreaking insights into the mechanisms of sequence-dependent remodelling and its role in the establishment of chromatin architecture. Ultimately, we expect to decipher how the dynamic landscape of nucleosome intermediates - encoded in the sequence wrapped around the histone core - impacts nucleosome function in vivo.

Mots-clés : single molecule,fret,chromatin,chromatin remodelling,nucleosome,molecular motors,genome scale,high throughput
Projet ERC : AdMEXture (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Study of the Human Past
Entité participante : Université de Burgos — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2495911.0 €

Transatlantic contact during the 1400’s ignited a series of socio-economic, political, demographic and biocultural changes that irreversibly transformed the course of history in the Americas with repercussions across the world. But one of the most influential encounters occurred in 1519 between the Mexica empire and the Spanish and African troops of Hernán Cortes in the basin of today´s Mexico. The transformational consequences were unparalleled at the time, but equally consequential is the way that the so-called conquest of Mexico has been portrayed over the last five centuries, influencing how the populations involved in this iconic event have perceived themselves and their societies overtime. Of particular significance is the process of mestizaje (admixture) and its conceptualisation. Admixture is a common biological phenomenon in human history, but the perception of mestizaje in the context of this event is far more complex than a mere biological procedure, it is a complex biocultural process shaped by fluctuating social, cultural, biological and historic circumstantial events.  The recently commemorated quincentennial anniversary of this event and the debates surrounding it highlighted that the underlying biocultural forces driving mestizaje leading to the present-day population diversity of Mexico remain contested. AdMEXture will explore historical biological effects of social inequalities with particular emphasis on sex bias and differential reproduction patterns, in the survival and distribution of diversity. By generating serial multisource osteobiographies based on the latest experimental and analytical bioarcheological techniques, AdMEXture will deliver crucial data to be incorporated in state-of-the-art historic debates. These individual microhistories will provide examples of real participants in this process, contributing to a more inclusive and representative history.

Mots-clés : mestizaje bioarchaeology admixture osteobiographies inequality prehispanic mexico