Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : RegTrust (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : CERCA Institution — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : CERCA;I-CERCA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 100000.0 €

Regulation is sometimes a manifestation of distrust, but on other times it is a manifestation of trust. When do trust and regulation compete, substitute for and mutually-support each other? How can we maximize the benefits of both? Is the proliferation of rules around us a manifestation of growing distrust or trust? Is the regulatory state necessarily a low-trust state? To answer these questions, RegTrust introduces intermediation as a governance mechanism and intermediaries as third parties in trust and regulatory interactions. Intermediaries certify products, report compliance, rank organizations, label products, monitor performance, screen behavior, whistle-blow misbehavior, and audit organizations. The regulation literature treats them as regulatory actors; the trust literature, as trustees. Yet intermediaries are both trustees and regulatees, both subjects and objects of trust and regulation. Most importantly, they may determine successes and failures, winners and losers, of trust and regulation. At their best, intermediaries reinforce regulation and trust, and promote polycentric (pluralist) structures of governance. At their worst, they undermine trust in regulation, leading to vicious cycles of failure and re/centralization (monocentric governance). RegTrust examines under which conditions, why, how, and to what effects trust and regulation compete, substitute for, or mutually-support each other. We problematize the role of intermediaries, develop a three-actor (triadic) model of governance, and assess its institutional macro-political consequences. Going beyond the state of the art, this project sheds light on the multiple interactions of trust and regulation in policy and politics. It advances the theory of intermediation; advances the interaction of trust and regulation as a central element of the governance literature; And explores the conditions that may make a regulatory state into a high-trust state.

Mots-clés : regulation,trust,governance,intermediaries
Projet ERC : BTI (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : Collège de France — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2438750.0 €

This research project will confront theory and data to analyze the underpinnings and the effects of breakthrough innovation. We explore three main questions. First question: How should we design R&D policy to induce breakthrough innovation? Why do we observe more incremental innovations in Europe than in the US? We shall address this question using an extension of the Schumpeterian growth paradigm where both the size and sources of markups differ across firms. Firms may be big as a result of breakthrough innovation, or for other reasons, including the lack of competition. In this part of the project, we shall provide new tools to empirically distinguish between these different sources of rents, with implications for the optimal design of R&D policy and competition (e.g. M&A) policy. Second question: How can we further stimulate radical green innovation to help solve climate change? It has been shown in previous work that firms whose innovation has focused on polluting technologies in the past prefer to innovate in polluting technologies in the future. Here we will extend the literature on green innovation in three directions: first, by analyzing green technological transition along a supply chain, second by looking at the relationship between green innovation and credit access, and third, by looking at the implications for the green transition process, of consumers’ non-homothetic preferences for quality goods that are more reliant on service labor, and therefore exhibit a comparatively lower environmental footprint. Third question: What are the growth and employment effects of the AI revolution, and which policies – if any – can maximize the growth and employment potential of AI? Our analysis will rely on an extended growth model where AI can automate tasks both, in the production of goods and services and in the production of ideas.
Projet ERC : Decode-And-Treat (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention,  Diagnosis and T reatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : Université de Padoue — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UniPd
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1500000.0 €

One third of cancer death are due to cachexia, a metabolic syndrome characterized by fat and lean mass loss. The loss of muscle mass and strength is considered the most important clinical feature of cancer cachexia, and a key predictor of poor outcomes. We and others have shown that prevention of muscle wasting but not fat loss is beneficial for life span in tumour bearing animals. Despite several attempts to develop therapeutic approaches, cachexia is still orphan of any specific drug/treatment mainly because our understanding of the insights of this syndrome are largely unknown. We have started to approach the complexity of cancer cachexia by collecting blood plasma samples, muscle and fat biopsies from cancer patients and age-matched gender-balanced controls. By combining data from mouse models with human biopsies we have recently made exciting observations related to motoneurons involvement in cachexia and an unexpected neurotrophic action of Bone and Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) that inspired this application. By using interdisciplinary approaches and developing cutting edge technologies we have designed an experimental plan that will:1) define how gene networks and cellular landscapes in muscles are modified by tumour growth and dissect their relevance in cachexia onset and survival; 2) establish how much gene/chromatin signatures and cellular/cytokines landscapes overlap or diverge between humans and murine models, males and females cancer patients, colon and pancreatic cancer types; 3) develop patients derived organoids-on-chip to generate an in vitro pathology model that recapitulates the human cachexia complexity, 4) develop a personalized multi-target RNA-based therapeutic approach that will preserve muscle mass, force generation and survival. These ambitious objectives will pave the way for an innovative therapy that will match with the concept of precision and personalized medicine and could be broadly applied to many other muscle wasting diseases
Projet ERC : TRANSION (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Molecules of Life: B iological  Mechanisms , Structures  and Functions
Entité participante : Université de Padoue — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UniPd
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2949476.0 €

Potassium (K+) channels are found in the majority of cells in almost every organism, where they regulate a wide variety of physiological functions in response to environmental stimuli. The goal of TRANSION is to confirm our hypothesis that physical coupling between voltage-gated potassium (K+) channels in the Shaker-type (Kv1) family and specific transcription factors (TFs) provides a widespread signaling checkpoint that coordinates information from different stimuli and orchestrates appropriate transcriptional and translational responses. This ground-breaking program will reveal novel roles for ion channels in regulating signal transduction, changing the paradigm by which cells adjust transcriptional programs and protein translation in response to environmental change. The premise that TFs are directly regulated by their association with voltage-gated ion channels is unprecedented, and its verification will disclose unique roles for this important class of evolutionarily conserved K+ channels as well as these families of TFs that control physiologically and pathologically relevant processes. Gaining insight into the underlying mechanism may also lead to the development of innovative therapies against a number of pathologies, given that ion channels can be modulated by both inhibitors and activators at picomolar concentrations. By developing tools to probe the relevance of this novel signaling pathway, TRANSION will uncover mechanisms, identify players, and reveal structural information that will further our understanding of transcription and translation in vivo. It will also establish connections between different fields of research and provide a springboard to ask new questions. TRANSION will deliver a unifying conceptual framework to understand how ion channels can regulate protein translation.

Mots-clés : potassium ion channels,voltage sensing,proliferation,protein translation,stat transcription factors,cancer,imflammation
Projet ERC : DUST (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth System Science
Entité participante : Institut de physique du globe — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : IPG de Paris
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 199808.42 €

Astrophysical observations of young stellar objects and their disks, as well as studies of the components of primitive meteorites, concur to demonstrate that many of the mineralogical, chemical and isotopic characteristics of the first planetesimals to form in the protosolar nebula (PSN) were established during the first few hundreds of thousands of years of the solar system. However, the chemical and physical processes that transformed the dust and gas of the parent molecular cloud into the dust that formed the bodies of the solar system remain largely unknown. This is exemplified by the fact that all the rocks that are known in the Solar system exhibit, from the micrometer to the bulk scales, isotopic compositions for the major element oxygen that cannot result from the “classical” evaporation, condensation, melting crystallization processes observed in terrestrial rocks and in experiments. The aim of the DUST proposal is to make decisive advances in our understanding of the origin of dust in the PSN by discovering, from experiments in plasmas simulating the PSN, the gas-solid reactions that produced the oxygen isotope anomalies in solids and transferred them to all the precursors of primitive meteorites. This work will be complemented by the development of a new analytical technique to explore the mineralogical and chemical composition of hundreds of thousands of sub-micrometer-sized grains in the matrix of the most primitive chondrites, in search of preserved PSN dust. In addition, systematic isotopic studies of silicon in this matrix will be developed to better constrain the extent of kinetic processes during the so-called condensation sequence of the hot PSN gas. Finally, a condensation code including, for the first time, the various isotopic fractionations and the non-equilibrium effects due to variations in condensation rates, will be developed and used to predict the expected relationships between the mineralogy and isotopic composition of condensed dust.

Mots-clés : oxygen isotopes,condensation,primitive meteorites,protosolar nebula,isotopic anomalies
Projet ERC : Supersolids (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental Constituents of Matter
Entité participante : Université de Florence — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1690000.0 €

Supersolids are a paradoxical quantum phase of matter that combines the properties of superfluids and crystals, searched for long time in quantum solids and many other systems. Recently, we discovered a novel cluster phase in a quantum gas of magnetic atoms which realizes a supersolid. However, the limited size, the inhomogeneity, and the lack of appropriate detection methods have allowed so far to assess only very basic properties of supersolids. Here I propose an innovative density-phase microscope and original ideas that combine the best of matter-wave and condensed-matter methods to unveil the extraordinary properties of supersolids. With a two-layer superfluid-supersolid configuration we will measure both density and phase of the supersolid. With controllable optical potentials we will realize large, homogeneous crystal geometries in 1D and 2D. With high-resolution optical addressing we will manipulate locally the wavefunction, e. g. creating phase patterns or force fields, and we will follow the local dynamics. Our main goal is to explore fundamental properties that are largely unknown even theoretically: variable superfluid density under rotation; variable angular momentum of quantized vortices; dissipation-less deformation of the crystal; Josephson effect without barriers; quantum entanglement properties. We will also attempt the realization of new types of supersolid, to prove the generality of the phenomena: with coupled supersolid layers, we will move towards supersolidity in 3D; using a quasi-2D environment, we will attempt to realize two proposed types of strongly interacting and strongly correlated supersolids. Our work will establish connections between supersolids and other patterned quantum phases, such as pair-density waves in superconductors and in helium superfluids, intertwined phases in low-dimensional superfluids, and pasta phases in neutron stars. Our work might open directions for the realization of materials with novel functionalities.

Mots-clés : superfluids,quantum solids,quantum phase transitions
Projet ERC : ANTHROFUTURE (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Soci al World and Its Interactions
Entité participante : Université de Vienne — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Uni Wien
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2269448.0 €

The future has been neglected as an object of anthropological study, even though our complex social, ecological and now, with COVID-19, biopolitical crises demand novel imaginations of the ‘yet-to-come’. Moreover, anthropologists have urged the decolonisation of existing studies of the future that are often based in the global north’s concerns. ANTHROFUTURE shifts the focus of the anthropology of the future to the pandemic-induced acceleration of the future into the present. The project identifies the art world – historically featuring a high degree of experimentalism, a strong future-orientation, and, particularly in emerging markets in the global south, an openness to risk and speculation – as a crucial site for ground-breaking anthropological knowledge on the future. The pandemic forced the art world to quickly develop innovative digital solutions to replace physical events; the result is a new, fully integrated physical and digital system. While pre-pandemic scholarship on the art world largely focuses on institutions, professionals and activities as physical phenomena, there is no scholarship on this new digital-physical infrastructure. ANTHROFUTURE further acknowledges the global south as the most vital site for modeling the future by situating its research in India and Pakistan as active and mutually entangled art world locations. ANTHROFUTURE introduces three novel modes of inquiry: 1) systematic research on the digital-physical art world as an ethnographic site for the study of the future; 2) innovative multimodal methodologies for studying the future that combine in-person, digital and visual ethnography, large-scale social media data harvesting, and artist subprojects; 3) analytical and theoretical advancements on the future as a time zone in comparative terms and across the regional contexts. Embedded in anthropology, the project pursues these objectives driven by the PI’s extensive research on the past and present of the art world and the global south.

Mots-clés : art world,future,digital worlds
Projet ERC : EvoNEUROMUSCLE (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Environmental B iology, Ecology  and E volution
Entité participante : Université de Vienne — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Uni Wien
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2499076.0 €

Muscles and neurons are a major hallmark of animals and given their impact on the organisms’ motility, the emergence of an interacting neuro-muscular system has tremendously shaped the evolution of animal body plans and behavioral repertoire. Neurons and muscle cells closely interact and likely have co-evolved. Yet, the evolutionary origin of different neuronal and muscular cell types remains elusive, mainly due to a lack of thorough studies in basal metazoans. In this project, I aim to unravel the evolutionary origin, architecture, regulation and systemic properties of the neuro-muscular system by a broad comparative approach among non-bilaterians, and by a deeper functional dissection in two model cnidarians, the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis and the hydrozoan Clytia hemisphaerica. By comparing single cell transcriptomes, we will reveal common or distinct molecular profiles of neurons and muscles in early branching, non-bilaterian species (i.e. Porifera, Ctenophora, Cnidaria) and bilaterians (i.e. all other animals), allowing us to identify ancestral versus independently evolved neuro-muscular modules comprised of specifically interacting cells. We will then use genome editing, transgenics and newly developed functional tools to unravel the architecture of the cnidarian neuro-muscular system on single cell resolution, the function of specific neuronal and muscle populations, their plasticity and regenerative capacity. We hypothesize to identify common cellular network modules allowing for fast and slow neuro-muscular regulation in bilaterians and non-bilaterians, which may be ancestral or convergently evolved in different animal lineages. The expected outcome will impact our understanding of the evolution of organisms with complex body plans.
Projet ERC : NumAStAI (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : Université d'Édimbourg — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2498941.0 €

From a numerical analysis perspective I will identify, quantify and mitigate vulnerabilities in current artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms. Novel mathematical research will emerge along six overlapping axes:  Inevitability: rigorously understand the inescapable endgame of the attack-versus-defence paradigm. Under what conditions is it inevitable that adversaries will succeed? Formalizing such conditions will allow us to understand and, where possible, overcome current AI instabilities.  Editability: study algorithms that stealthily change a small number of parameters. This scenario is highly pertitent when new AI is built on top of third-party, foundation models. It also opens up the possibility of fixing errors on-the-fly without the need to re-train.  Targetability: examine whether under-represented categories in the training data are more susceptible to adversarial attacks. This topic raises a key, and currently overlooked, issue in the ethical use of AI.  Universality: develop linear, sparse, low rank mappings that create adversarial attacks. These new functions will expose novel, low-cost, threat mechanisms, but will also give insights into the decision boundary landscape. Roundability: use state-of-the art probabilistic rounding error analysis to justify large-scale, low precision computations. I will study (a) why current AI technologies appear to defy traditional worst-case floating point error bounds, and (b) whether low precision can be exploited by an adversary. Legislatability: devise easy-to-interpret results and practical case studies that can inform public opinion and impact the design of appropriate AI legislation.  The project identifies high-profile open questions requiring tools from matrix analysis, optimization, backward error analysis, condition number theory and stochastic computation. Some of the proposed work is highly speculative and challenging, but will significantly advance our understanding of AI vulnerabilities.

Mots-clés : mathematical aspects of artificial intelligence
Projet ERC : C-HANCE (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : Université de Vienne — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Uni Wien
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2750000.0 €

Organic synthesis stands as the beating heart of technological and societal advancement, driving breakthroughs in drug discovery, agrochemistry, materials design, and the pursuit of a more sustainable world. In a world where C–H bonds are the main functional groups available, the field of C–H functionalisation has experienced exponential growth over the past two decades. While state-of-the-art methods have led to remarkable achievements, they remain confined by the dominance of substrate-controlled reactions driven by directing group logic, and by being largely reliant on precious metal catalysts. C-HANCE proposes to open a new page in C–H functionalisation, exploiting the emerging concept of charge control as a mode to influence and steer reactivity of C–H bonds. This will usher in a new logic for C–H bond functionalisation, where reagent control can address substrates devoid of directing groups and where entirely novel reactions will emerge. This will not only reshape our fundamental understanding of C–H functionalisation, but also yield valuable products for downstream applications. Given my unique expertise and documented track-record of achievements – especially in the exploration of out-of-the-box, non-mainstream fields of synthetic chemistry –, I am in a unique position to lead in the unfolding of this new era.

Mots-clés : organic synthesis,charge control,functionalisation,hydride,proton