Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : ILLADMIN (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Public University of Navarre — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UPNA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1500000.0 €

Democracy is at risk, also from the inside. Today, some civil servants are mandated to implement illiberal policies, defined as those including anti-plural (discouraging dissent and promoting homogeneity) or anti-institutional values (rejecting separation or supervision of power). Civil servants who oppose these policies face severe criticism and replacement. Conversely, others may behave illiberally and comply with the implementation request. Since public bureaucracy is essential for effective governance, the question of whether civil servants will implement illiberal policies, thereby displaying illiberal administrative behaviour, arises. Yet, it is surprising how little we know about this behaviour, why it occurs, and how it can be prevented.  To investigate these questions this project: (1) defines and elaborates a conceptual map of illiberal administrative behaviour, and empirically examines civil servants’ positions on it; (2) identifies the determinants of illiberal administrative behaviour; (3) examines how civil servants can align with liberal democratic values to reduce their likelihood of implementing illiberal policies. The empirical analysis focuses on 10 countries from 5 administrative traditions and implements an integrative multi-method approach combining panel surveys with different measurement strategies and experiments.  The project breaks new ground in the study of illiberalism in public administration and offers fresh insights on the current crisis of liberal democracy. Theoretically, it conceptualizes illiberal administrative behaviour, elucidating the conceptual underpinnings of this phenomenon. Empirically, it develops measurement tools for assessing illiberal administrative behaviour among civil servants, examines its primary determinants, and explores innovative mechanisms to counteract these processes. These contributions are developed by adopting an innovative interdisciplinary strategy.

Mots-clés : illiberal democracy,public administration,unethical behaviour,illiberal policies,governance politicization
Projet ERC : ARIMETH (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth System Science
Entité participante : Université d'Umeå — Pays : Suède — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UMU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1902360.0 €

Constraining the global methane (CH4) budget is an urgent need to predict future climate. Rivers are an important source of CH4 to the atmosphere, with surprisingly high rates of emissions in northern regions. The high emissions from Arctic rivers are driven by lateral inputs from surrounding land and are very sensitive to climate, but challenging to assess. Given the severe impacts of ongoing climate change at high latitudes, CH4 emissions from Arctic rivers have a large potential to further increase, but we are unable to quantify and predict future emissions due to a lack of process-based models that represent river CH4 emissions. The limitation arises from our poor understanding of river Arctic CH4 cycling, with a clear lack of mechanistic studies that are foundational to advancing process-based models. ARIMETH aims to address this issue, by initially generating the mechanistic understanding of Arctic riverine CH4 cycling. Subsequently, the project will develop the modelling tools to predict current and future CH4 emissions. To achieve this goal, the project will conduct a comprehensive approach, including a whole-stream warming experiment, high-resolution measurements with state-of-the-art CH4 sensors coupled with remote sensing data, pan-Arctic sampling campaigns to find the sources of CH4 using carbon radioisotopes, and developing deep-learning mechanistic models for river CH4 emissions. The outcomes of ARIMETH will offer ground-breaking insights into river CH4 cycling, spanning from the river itself to the catchment, and to pan-Arctic scale. Finally, ARIMETH will determine if CH4 emissions from Arctic freshwaters are underestimated when lateral fluxes to rivers and emissions are not accounted for. This is critical to predict future trajectories of global warming, as well as discover unrecognised feedbacks between the terrestrial-aquatic-atmospheric compartments in the broad carbon cycle.

Mots-clés : methane emissions,river biogeochemistry,river process based modelling,arctic,catchment ecology,river methane cycling,carbon biogeochemistry,ecosystem ecology
Projet ERC : COPD-HIT (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention,  Diagnosis and T reatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : Université d'Umeå — Pays : Suède — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UMU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1490438.0 €

Given the substantial negative impact of extrapulmonary manifestations on vital clinical outcomes, including mortality, the need for new effective treatment modalities also beyond the lungs has been highlighted as an urgent challenge in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), one of the most common and deadliest diseases of the 21st century. The aim of COPD-HIT is to pave the way for new understanding of the development and treatment of extrapulmonary manifestations in COPD with a focus on brain health, muscle quality, and cardiac function.  To do this I will focus on the following research objectives (RO):  ● RO1) Determine the effect of supramaximal High-Intensity Training (HIT) on the brain, muscle, and heart ● RO2) Determine how exercise training and inflammation impacts the trajectories of neurodegeneration ● RO3) Develop a novel in-vitro model to determine signaling pathways following various loading intensities  To reach these objectives, I aim to conduct high-quality multicenter randomized controlled and experimental trials. Further, I will lead an international research alliance with access to state-of-the-art research infrastructures and enable a unique interdisciplinary approach to fulfill my goals. This includes using advanced measurement techniques for muscle, brain, and cardiorespiratory evaluations, muscle biopsy analyses, in-vivo & in-vitro strategies, and combining quantitative and qualitative methods. Taken together, with COPD-HIT, I am in a strong position to perform an international novel project that will determine how to enable extrapulmonary benefits in COPD in a hitherto unprecedented way.

Mots-clés : high intensity interval training,copd,skeletal muscle,cognitive dysfunction,limb muscle dysfunction,
Projet ERC : ISCoURaGe (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : Université Aalto — Pays : Finlande — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1389728.0 €

My overall goal is to provide novel conceptual understanding of persistent challenges in mathematical physics, in light of recent discoveries of myself and others. The emphasis is especially in finding connections between different areas, making use of my expertise at their crossroads. The first two aims concern statistical mechanics (SM) and mathematical formulations of (logarithmic) conformal field theory (CFT), on the one hand algebraically and on the other hand probabilistically. The last two aims focus on connections and interplay of structures arising in SM, such as Schramm-Loewner evolutions (SLE), with algebro-geometric formulations of CFT. Gaining conceptual understanding is fundamental for progress towards deep results. Specifically, in Aim 1, I focus on CFT correlation functions and plan to reveal non-semisimple and logarithmic behavior, poorly understood even in the physics literature. For this, e.g. hidden symmetries from my earlier work will be exploited. Aim 2 combines this with probability theory: investigations of non-local quantities in critical SM models, relating to specific CFT correlation functions and to SLE. In Aim 3, I investigate the interplay of SLE, CFT, and Teichmueller theory in terms of generalizations of so-called Loewner energy of curves. The main objective is to shed light on the hidden geometric interpretation of Loewner energy from the point of view of formulations of CFT in terms of Riemann surfaces, and eventually also to find its role within geometric quantization. To elaborate the latter goal, Aim 4 combines these ideas with related structures in the theory of isomonodromic deformations. My starting point is the observation that Loewner energy minima and semiclassical limits of certain CFT correlations are both described by isomonodromic systems. I plan to make these connections explicit and implement them in order to discover intrinsic features of the interplay of the aforementioned structures.

Mots-clés : conformal field theory,loewner energy,monodromy,scaling limit,schramm loewner evolution,statistical mechanics,quantum field theory,quantum group,quantization
Projet ERC : PERGAP (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Soci al World and Its Interactions
Entité participante : Université Pompeu Fabra — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UPF
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1433028.0 €

Aim: PERGAP aims to advance knowledge on the societal causes leading to the (mis)perception of economic inequality by developing new instruments for the assessment and comparison of the institutional structure of welfare states and investigating their impact on perception and justification processes–before, during, and potentially after the pandemic crisis and across different structural and cultural settings. Novel Contribution: PERGAP will create a unique country-comparative dataset on institutional disparities and expand knowledge of the (self-)legitimizing mechanisms of public institutions. Ultimately, it will lead to a comprehensive theoretical and empirical understanding of the impact of public institutions on social perceptions and preference formations, with implications for scientists and non-scientists alike. Conceptual Approach: Moving beyond classical distinctions of welfare regime typologies and uniting approaches from neo-institutionalist theory and empirical social justice research, I propose that social security systems provide distinct answers to the questions of ‘who gets what and why?’ and ‘who should get what and why?’ This ultimately shapes how citizens view and justify inequalities. Research Steps: (1) I will collect legal information on the ‘institutional imprints of social disparities’ in social security systems (i.e. healthcare, old age security, unemployment, minimum protection) across 50 European and non-European countries for three time points. (2) I will combine this information with country-comparative survey data to explore how institutional structures affect perceptions and justifications. Relevance: The rise of economic inequality in countries around the globe is causing societal and political concern. In the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, these debates have taken on new significance. How individuals perceive and respond to inequalities varies between societies and social groups; yet its contextual causes are still underexplored.

Mots-clés : social perception,justice attitudes,public opinion,economic inequality,welfare state,social law,institutions,country comparative
Projet ERC : ECOT (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : KTH Institut royal de technologie — Pays : Suède — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1500000.0 €

The purpose of this research, set in the context of synthetic organic chemistry, is to develop unprecedented methods for electrochemically driven cleavage and subsequent functionalization of C–O and C–S bonds in alcohols, thiols and disulfides using organocatalysts based on phosphorus and sulfur. These radical methods will serve as keys to unlock the potential of the targeted compound classes as feedstocks for synthesis of functional organic compounds, e.g., pharmaceuticals, as well as for biomass valorization processes. Due to the complexity of the targeted transformations, the scarcity of available methods and the novelty of the outlined approach, the research will expand the synthetic toolbox, enable new retrosynthetic disconnections and late-stage (de)functionalization of, e.g., carbohydrates and peptides. Combined with the integrated mechanistic studies, the research will have a significant impact from a fundamental science perspective, as well as enable new synthetic applications. The project is divided into two main topics, each sized for one PhD student and one postdoc working together on the outlined work packages. The proposed research is supported by preliminary results that indicate its viability.

Mots-clés : electrosynthesis,organosulfur compounds,catalysis,c centered radicals,cross coupling
Projet ERC : HypoPause (Horizon Europe, appel 2025, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing
Entité participante : Université de Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : USC
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1498325.0 €

Women health is heavily impacted by menopause, and specifically, metabolic alterations increase their prevalence compared to the pre-menopause stage. Among them, body weight increase associated with abdominal adiposity, augmented risk of metabolic syndrome accompanied with dyslipidemia, worsening of insulin resistance coupled to type 2 diabetes and reduced bone density which favors osteoporosis are commonly associated with this women’s period of life.  The hypothalamus is a key brain area controlling several homeostatic systems such as energy balance, glucose homeostasis and bone metabolism. Ovarian hormones act on the hypothalamus to regulate female physiology but after menopause their production stops and both estradiol and progesterone are reduced to castrate levels. Previous data pointed that this lack of hormones affects hypothalamic function. However, whether menopause causes an alteration in the hypothalamic mechanisms controlling systemic metabolism and whether this potential impairment plays a role in the metabolic alterations associated with it, is currently unexplored. The global aim of HypoPause is to study the molecular and cell-specific changes occurring in the hypothalamus during menopause and understand their role in the pathophysiological mechanisms driving the metabolic alterations.  To address this, a research plan will be implemented based on (i) multi-omics profiling and circuit plasticity assessment of the hypothalamus in preclinical models of menopause, ii) in vivo metabolic phenotyping and cell-specific manipulation of hypothalamic circuits in conditions mimicking menopause in rodents and iii) functional genome editing of molecular mechanisms in vivo and target-validation using human samples.  HypoPause will provide the first molecular and cellular picture of the hypothalamic changes induced by menopause, and will represent groundbreaking research on the pathophysiological mechanisms of its metabolic associated comorbidities.

Mots-clés : neuroendocrinology,menopause,metabolism,hypothalamus,energy balance,glucose homeostasis,bone,estradiol,progesterone
Projet ERC : GOING VIRAL (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Study of the Human Past
Entité participante : Académie de musique et des arts du spectacle de Vienne — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : mdw
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499379.0 €

Within day of Covid-19 reaching Europe in early 2020, music had emerged as one of the most prominent media for emotional engagement with the effects of lockdown, sickness and grief. Its remarkable primacy for expressing, navigating and shaping emotional pandemic experiences was quickly picked up by researchers and journalists who showed an immediate interest in finding evidence both for the role of music in past pandemics and for continuities across time. It quickly transpired, though, that they lacked established categories, shared methodologies and sufficient historical knowledge to describe and to compare the phenomenon adequately. The study of music in pandemics, and especially of its emotional significance, is both underdeveloped and urgently needed - and has the potential to constitute a major new field of research on music, emotions and pandemics alike. GOING VIRAL will be the first study to provide a comparative history of the imbrication of music in the emotional experiences of pandemics.  Its major research aims are - to develop an innovative conceptualisation and methodology for studying music and emotions across history, building on the equally well-regarded approaches "musicking as social practice" and "emotions as embodied practices"; - to generate ground-breaking historical knowledge about music's emotional dimensions in three major pandemics - the Plague, Cholera and Spanish Flu - in Vienna beginning in the 17th century, highlighting both difference and continuity; - to provide a solid conceptual, methodological and historical foundation for comparative studies on music, emotions and pandemics across a vast range of disciplines.  GOING VIRAL's results will not only be applicable in related historical settings but also enable a meaningful interdisciplinary discourse with the social and natural sciences about music end emotions in pandemics, including Covid-19.

Mots-clés : history of emotions music and emotions history of pandemics history of medicine early modern history modern history historical anthropology of music history of the body history of the senses
Projet ERC : NONMANUAL (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Compl exity
Entité participante : Université de Bergen — Pays : Norvège — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1500000.0 €

Sign languages, in addition to using the hands, also use positions and movements of other articulators: the body, the head, the mouth, the eyebrows, the eyes and the eyelids, to convey lexical, grammatical, and prosodic information. This linguistic use of the nonmanual articulators is known as nonmanuals. Contrary to current assumptions in the field of sign linguistics, this project proposes the hypothesis that all sign languages use the same basic universal building blocks (nonmanual movements) but that each language is different in how it combines these building blocks both sequentially and simultaneously. Languages also differ in the regularity, frequency, and the alignment properties of the nonmanuals. In order to test this hypothesis, the project will investigate formal properties of nonmanuals in five geographically, historically, and socially diverse sign languages using data from published naturalistic corpora of the sign languages, Computer Vision for extracting measurements of the movement of nonmanual articulators, and a statistical technique of Functional Data Analysis for a quantitative comparison of dynamic nonmanual contours. This will result in the first quantitative formal typology of nonmanuals grounded in naturalistic corpus data. The novel methodology proposed in this project requires testing, adjustment, and development, which constitutes an important component of the project. The developed methodological pipeline will be a secondary output enabling large-scale reliable quantitative research on nonmanuals in future. Finally, the established typology of formal properties of nonmanuals in the five sign languages will serve as basis for a cross-modal comparison between nonmanuals and prosody/intonation in spoken languages in order to separate truly universal features of the human linguistic capacity from the effects of the visual vs. auditory modalities.

Mots-clés : sign language linguistics,nonmanual markers
Projet ERC : ARITHMETIC (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Texts and Concepts
Entité participante : Université de Graz — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 299468.75 €

How was the practice of arithmetic developed and spread during the transition between the Middle Ages and the Modern Period? We know a lot about the evolution of mathematical theory and its diffusion in Latin, but little about the way in which arithmetic knowledge spread in the vernaculars in the 15th and early 16th centuries. Translation and adaptation of arithmetic treatises and manuals provided access to mathematical knowledge for new groups of people, shaped the practices of reckoning, and opened new ways of teaching arithmetic skills to persons without higher education. These efforts also endowed European vernaculars with new linguistic forms of abstraction and thus enhanced their potential to serve as a tool in the modern scientific revolution. ARITHMETIC will study handwritten German arithmetic treatises from their first appearance around 1400 until the time when printed reckoning-books became easily available at the beginning of the 16th century. These texts have not been studied before, although they are important witnesses of the vernacularization of mathematical knowledge, of the interdependence of vernacular and Latin pragmatic literacy and of the links between mathematics, sciences, and commerce. The treatises will be transcribed, digitally edited, and analyzed from a historic, literary, and linguistic perspective. An ?Assertive Edition? relying on Semantic Enrichment will be one product of ARITHMETIC. A detailed linguistic analysis focusing on semantics, syntax, the vocabulary, and the transmission context will lead to the reconstruction of an arithmetic discourse, give information on the orality underlying didactic texts and allow tracing writers/compilers and users and their educational and social background. This research aims at a new understanding of how arithmetical knowledge and practices of calculation were transformed in Late Medieval Europe, and how an abstract and scientific language emerged in the German vernacular.

Mots-clés : history of knowledge history of mathematical knowledge and establishment establishment of late medieval vernacular knowledge pragmatic medieval texts development of specialized languages vocabulary research discourse analysis research on textual environments digital editing semantic enrichment