Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : PATHWISE (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : Weizmann Institute of Science — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1308188.0 €

Concepts from the theory of high-dimensional phenomena play a role in several areas of mathematics, statistics and computer science. Many results in this theory rely on tools and ideas originating in adjacent fields, such as transportation of measure, semigroup theory and potential theory. In recent years, a new symbiosis with the theory of stochastic calculus is emerging. In a few recent works, by developing a novel approach of pathwise analysis, my coauthors and I managed to make progress in several central high-dimensional problems. This emerging method relies on the introduction of a stochastic process which allows one to associate quantities and properties related to the high-dimensional object of interest to corresponding notions in stochastic calculus, thus making the former tractable through the analysis of the latter. We propose to extend this approach towards several long-standing open problems in high dimensional probability and geometry. First, we aim to explore the role of convexity in concentration inequalities, focusing on three central conjectures regarding the distribution of mass on high dimensional convex bodies: the Kannan-Lov'asz-Simonovits (KLS) conjecture, the variance conjecture and the hyperplane conjecture as well as emerging connections with quantitative central limit theorems, entropic jumps and stability bounds for the Brunn-Minkowski inequality. Second, we are interested in dimension-free inequalities in Gaussian space and on the Boolean hypercube: isoperimetric and noise-stability inequalities and robustness thereof, transportation-entropy and concentration inequalities, regularization properties of the heat-kernel and L_1 versions of hypercontractivity. Finally, we are interested in developing new methods for the analysis of Gibbs distributions with a mean-field behavior, related to the new theory of nonlinear large deviations, and towards questions regarding interacting particle systems and the analysis of large networks.

Mots-clés : phenomena in high dimensions,functional inequalities,asymptotic geometry,concentration of measure,stochastic processes,convexity,statistical mechanics,random graphs,large deviations
Projet ERC : CFT-MAP (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental constituents of matter
Entité participante : University of Pisa — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UniPi
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1230418.8 €

Conformal Field Theory (CFT) was originally conceived in four and three dimensions, with applications to particle physics and critical phenomena in mind. However, it is in two dimensions that the most spectacular results have been obtained. In higher dimensions, there used to be a general feeling that the constraining power of conformal symmetry by itself is insufficient to tell nontrivial things about the dynamics. Hence the interest in various additional assumptions. This is not fully satisfactory, since there are likely many CFTs that do not fulfill any of them. The main focus of this proposal is to take a fresh look at the idea that the mathematical structure of CFTs is instead such a strong constraint that it can allow for a complete solution of the theory. This program, known as conformal bootstrap, has provided a new element in the quantum field theory toolbox to describe genuine non-perturbative cases. This project aims to explore new directions and push forward the frontiers of conformal filed theories, with the ultimate objective of a detailed classification and understanding of scale invariant systems and their properties. CFT-MAP will develop more efficient numerical techniques and complementary analytical tools making use of two main methods: by studying correlation functions of operators present in any quantum field theory, such as global symmetry conserved currents and the energy momentum tensor; by inspecting the analytical structure of correlation functions. The project will scan the landscape of CFTs, identifying where and how they exist. By significantly improving over the methods at disposal, this proposal will be able to study theories currently are out of reach. Besides the innovative methodologies, a fundamental outcome of CFT-MAP will be a word record determination of critical exponents in second phase transition, together with additional information that allows an approximate reconstruction of the QFT in the neighborhood of fixed points.

Mots-clés : conformal field theories,phase transitions,critical exponents,scale invariant systems
Projet ERC : CFT-MAP (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental constituents of matter
Entité participante : Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology — Pays : Suisse — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : ETH Zurich
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 269581.2 €

Conformal Field Theory (CFT) was originally conceived in four and three dimensions, with applications to particle physics and critical phenomena in mind. However, it is in two dimensions that the most spectacular results have been obtained. In higher dimensions, there used to be a general feeling that the constraining power of conformal symmetry by itself is insufficient to tell nontrivial things about the dynamics. Hence the interest in various additional assumptions. This is not fully satisfactory, since there are likely many CFTs that do not fulfill any of them. The main focus of this proposal is to take a fresh look at the idea that the mathematical structure of CFTs is instead such a strong constraint that it can allow for a complete solution of the theory. This program, known as conformal bootstrap, has provided a new element in the quantum field theory toolbox to describe genuine non-perturbative cases. This project aims to explore new directions and push forward the frontiers of conformal filed theories, with the ultimate objective of a detailed classification and understanding of scale invariant systems and their properties. CFT-MAP will develop more efficient numerical techniques and complementary analytical tools making use of two main methods: by studying correlation functions of operators present in any quantum field theory, such as global symmetry conserved currents and the energy momentum tensor; by inspecting the analytical structure of correlation functions. The project will scan the landscape of CFTs, identifying where and how they exist. By significantly improving over the methods at disposal, this proposal will be able to study theories currently are out of reach. Besides the innovative methodologies, a fundamental outcome of CFT-MAP will be a word record determination of critical exponents in second phase transition, together with additional information that allows an approximate reconstruction of the QFT in the neighborhood of fixed points.

Mots-clés : conformal field theories,phase transitions,critical exponents,scale invariant systems
Projet ERC : CAPTURE (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : Uppsala University — Pays : Suède — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1944162.0 €

Considerable investments have been made in Europe and worldwide in research data infrastructures. Instead of a general lack of data about data, it has become apparent that the pivotal factor that drastically constrains the use of data is the absence of contextual knowledge about how data was created and how it has been used. This applies especially to many branches of SSH research where data is highly heterogeneous, both by its kind (e.g. being qualitative, quantitative, naturalistic, purposefully created) and origins (e.g. being historical/contemporary, from different contexts and geographical places). The problem is that there may be enough metadata (data about data) but there is too little paradata (data on the processes of its creation and use). In contrast to the rather straightforward problem of describing the data, the high-risk/high-gain problem no-one has managed to solve, is the lack of comprehensive understanding of what information about the creation and use of research data is needed and how to capture enough of that information to make the data reusable and to avoid the risk that currently collected vast amounts of research data become useless in the future. The wickedness of the problem lies in the practical impossibility to document and keep everything and the difficulty to determine optimal procedures for capturing just enough. With an empirical focus on archaeological and cultural heritage data, which stands out by its extreme heterogeneity and rapid accumulation due to the scale of ongoing development-led archaeological fieldwork, CAPTURE develops an in-depth understanding of how paradata is #1 created and #2 used at the moment, #3 elicits methods for capturing paradata on the basis of the findings of #1-2, #4 tests the new methods in field trials, and #5 synthesises the findings in a reference model to inform the capturing of paradata and enabling data-intensive research using heterogeneous research data stemming from diverse origins.

Mots-clés : research data,paradata,context,information studies,metadata,data reuse,data production,information management,documentation
Projet ERC : MMPPF (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : University of Bristol — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1847596.0 €

Contemporary antislavery campaigners invoke the history of Atlantic World slavery to highlight the plight of 48 million people today living in exceptionally harsh circumstances, described as ‘modern slavery’. Yet in a world where many are oppressed and exploited, the lines between ‘modern slavery’ and other forms of drudgery, exclusion, and domination, are not easily drawn. Critics argue that the dominant discourse of ‘modern slavery’ relies upon a highly selective vision of injustice and suffering, and fails to consider or challenge the structural inequalities and systems of domination (race, caste, class, gender, age, nationality) that routinely restrict rights and freedoms. The proposed project retains a concern with the continuing significance of Atlantic World history, but upturns conventional discourse by interrogating the problem of freedom – as opposed to slavery - in the contemporary world. Through fieldwork in Brazil, Ghana, Italy, Portugal and the UK with groups that appear in dominant discourse as at risk of ‘modern slavery’, its key aims are: i) to revisit histories of marronage and other strategies by which enslaved and newly emancipated people sought to move closer to freedom in the Atlantic World historically, and ask what light they can shed on the perception, pursuit and practice of freedom by marginalized and rightless people in the Atlantic World today; ii) to use insights from this dialogue between past and present to contribute to theoretical debates on freedom, and its relation to agency, honour, gender, age, race, mobility, property, and personhood; iii) to work with research participants to co-produce counter-narratives to conventional antislavery stories of ‘modern slavery’, and, by communicating them through performance as well as text, encourage more nuanced popular and political debate on the contemporary meaning and practice of freedom.

Mots-clés : mobility,agency,freedom
Projet ERC : BLINDSPOT (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : University of Warwick — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1988224.25 €

Contemporary organizations face three interrelated, but analytically distinguishable, challenges. First, they should be alert to mistakes that could be catastrophic. Second, they need to allocate attention, especially to correct past mistakes and to make accurate predictions about future developments. Third, they should be innovative, able to stand out from existing categories while being recognized as outstanding. This project investigates these cognitive challenges with the aim of developing a comprehensive sociological approach to study the social properties of cognition. Research on error detection, attention allocation, and recognizant innovation will be conducted in three distinct settings strategically chosen so the scale and complexity of the performance challenges increases across the cases. The research question that cuts across the socio-cognitive challenges asks whether and how diversity contributes to performance. 1) We first test whether social context, understood at the most basic level as the composition of a small collectivity, affects the cognitive activity of pricing. To do so, I use experimental market methods to test whether ethnic and gender diversity deflate price bubbles by disrupting herding behaviour. 2) The second study tests how the social structure of attention affects valuation. The activities involve error correction and accuracy of prediction in estimates by securities analysts; the method is two-mode network analysis; and the timing, intensity, and diversity of attention networks are the effects to be tested. 3) Whereas my first two tests examine relations among competitors, my third examines relations within and across collaborative teams. In studying the network properties of creativity, the challenge is recognizant innovation, the activity involves recording sessions in the field of music, the method is cultural network analysis, and the effects to be tested are the combined effects of stylistic diversity and social structure.

Mots-clés : network analysis,cognitive diversity,observation theory,attention networks,team assembly,innovation,organizations,economic sociology,sociology of finance
Projet ERC : JEWTACT (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : Ben-Gurion University of the Negev — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : BGU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1496900.0 €

Contemporary scholarship has often envisioned modernity as a kind of immense cultural earthquake, originating somewhere in western or central Europe, and then gradually propagating throughout the continent. This massive upheaval is said to have shaken the very foundations of every culture it frequented, subsequently eliminating the world which once was, to make way for a new age. This project offers a new understanding of modernization, not as a radical break with tradition, but as the careful importation of new ideas by often timid, almost inadvertent innovators. The project focuses on the rich corpus of translations of non-Jewish texts into Jewish languages, which developed during the early modern period. Largely neglected by modern scholars, these translations played a pivotal role in fashioning Jewish culture from the sixteenth century into modern times. Jewish translators were never merely passive recipients of their non-Jewish sources; they mistranslated both deliberately and accidentally, added and omitted, and harnessed their sources to meet their own unique agendas. Throughout the process of translation then, a new corpus was created, one that was distinctly Jewish in character, but closely corresponded with the surrounding majority culture. JEWTACT offers the first comprehensive study of the entire gamut of these early modern Jewish translations, exposing a hitherto unexplored terrain of surprising intercultural encounters which took place upon the advent of modernity—between East and West, tradition and innovation, Christians and Jews. The project posits translation as the primary and most ubiquitous mechanism of Christian-Jewish cultural transfer in early modern Europe. In so doing, I wish to revolutionize our understanding of the so-called early modern “Jewish book,” revealing its intensely porous, collaborative and innovative nature, and to offer a new paradigm of Jewish modernization and cultural exchange.

Mots-clés : jewish studies,german jewish studies,yiddish literature,hebrew literature,early modern history,religious studies,translation studies
Projet ERC : CARDYADS (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing
Entité participante : University of Oslo — Pays : Norvège — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UiO
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2000000.0 €

Contraction and relaxation of cardiac myocytes, and thus the whole heart, are critically dependent on dyads. These functional junctions between t-tubules, which are invaginations of the surface membrane, and the sarcoplasmic reticulum allow efficient control of calcium release into the cytosol, and also its removal. Dyads are formed gradually during development and break down during disease. However, the precise nature of dyadic structure is unclear, even in healthy adult cardiac myocytes, as are the triggers and consequences of altering dyadic integrity. In this proposal, my group will investigate the precise 3-dimensional arrangement of dyads and their proteins during development, adulthood, and heart failure by employing CLEM imaging (PALM and EM tomography). This will be accomplished by developing transgenic mice with fluorescent labels on four dyadic proteins (L-type calcium channel, ryanodine receptor, sodium-calcium exchanger, SERCA), and by imaging tissue from explanted normal and failing human hearts. The signals responsible for controlling dyadic formation, maintenance, and disruption will be determined by performing high-throughput sequencing to identify novel genes involved with these processes in several established model systems. Particular focus will be given to investigating left ventricular wall stress and stretch-dependent gene regulation as controllers of dyadic integrity. Candidate genes will be manipulated in cell models and transgenic animals to promote dyadic formation and maintenance, and reverse dyadic disruption in heart failure. The consequences of dyadic structure for function will be tested experimentally and with mathematical modeling to examine effects on cardiac myocyte calcium homeostasis and whole-heart function. The results of this project are anticipated to yield unprecedented insight into dyadic structure, regulation, and function, and to identify novel therapeutic targets for heart disease patients.

Mots-clés : cardiac myocyte,calcium homeostasis,excitation contraction coupling,t tubule,dyad,development,heart failure,super resolution microscopy,electron microscopy,signalling
Projet ERC : DEPO (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology — Pays : Suisse — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ETH Zurich
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1491260.0 €

Controlled radical polymerisation has revolutionised the field of polymer chemistry by allowing access to the synthesis of a wide range of materials with controlled molecular weight, dispersity, architecture and end-group fidelity. Although thousands of papers have reported on optimising the polymerisation parameters, very few reports have focused on reversing controlled radical polymerisation. This is a significant oversight, as controlled depolymerisation has the potential not only to reveal intriguing avenues of research, but also to pave the way for promising applications including innovative polymer characterisation methodologies. The overall vision of DEPO is to develop a universal, quantitative and controlled depolymerisation of polymers (i.e. converting polymers back to the corresponding monomers) synthesised mainly by controlled radical polymerisation. Although this strategy will initially be developed for atom transfer radical polymerisation (ATRP) systems, it will be expanded to include reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) and nitroxide-mediated polymerisation (NMP) protocols. Widely-used polymers synthesised by other methods such as polystyrene will also be modified to permit for depolymerisation. Importantly, this approach will operate at room temperature and will be applicable to a range of polymer classes and architectures (block copolymers, stars, etc.). The fundamental outcomes of this research will inform depolymerisation design strategies and will pave the way for additional opportunities such as advanced polymer characterisation.

Mots-clés : atom transfer radical polymerisation,reversible addition,fragmentation chain transfer,controlled radical polymerisation
Projet ERC : unLiMIt-2D (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Condensed matter physics
Entité participante : University of Würzburg — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1035977.0 €

Controlling light- and matter excitations down to the microscopic scale is one major challenge in modern optics. Applications arising from this field, such as novel coherent- and quantum light sources have the potential to affect our daily life. One particularly appealing material platform in quantum physics consists of monolayer crystals. The most prominent species, graphene, however remains rather unappealing for photonic applications due to the lack of an electronic bandgap in its pristine form. Monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides and group III-VI compounds comprise such a direct bandgap, and additionally feature intriguing spinor properties, making them almost ideal candidates to study optics and excitonic effects in two-dimensional systems. unLiMIt-2D aims to establish these materials as a new platform in solid-state cavity quantum electrodynamics. The targeted experiments will be based on thin layers embedded in high quality photonic heterostructures providing optical confinement. Firstly, I will exploit the combination of ultra-large exciton binding energies, giant absorption and unique spin properties of such materials to form microcavity exciton polaritons. These composite bosons provide the unique possibility to study coherent quantum fluids up to room temperature. Due to the possibility of fabricating such structures by relatively simple means, establishing bosonic condensation effects in atomic monolayers can lead to a paradigm shift in polaritonics. Secondly, I will study exciton localization in layered materials, with the perspective to establish a new generation of microcavity-based quantum light sources. Light-matter coupling effects will greatly improve the performance of such sources. I will investigate possibilities of tuning the spectral properties of these localizations via external electric and strain-fields, to gain position control and make use of them as sources of single, indistinguishable photons.

Mots-clés : atomic monolayers,cavity quantum electrodynamics,bose einstein condensation,photonic,strong light matter coupling,single photon source