Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : NanoBubbles (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Synergy grants)
Entité participante : Radboud University Nijmegen — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1936475.0 €

Science relies on the correction of errors to advance, yet in practice scientists find it difficult to erase erroneous and exaggerated claims from the scientific record. Recent discussion of a “replication crisis” has impaired trust in science both among scientists and non-scientists; yet we know little about how non-replicated or even fraudulent claims can be removed from the scientific record. This project combines approaches from the natural, engineering, and social sciences and the humanities (Science and Technology Studies) to understand how error correction in science works and what obstacles it faces, and stages events for scientists to reflect on error and overpromising. The project’s focus is nanobiology, a highly interdisciplinary field founded around the year 2000 that has already seen multiple episodes of overpromising and promotion of erroneous claims. We examine three such “bubbles”: the claim that nanoparticles can cross the blood-brain barrier; that nanoparticles can penetrate the cell membrane; and the promotion of the “protein corona” concept to describe ordinary adsorption of proteins on nanoparticles. Findings based on error (non)correction in nanobiology should be generalizable to other new, highly interdisciplinary fields such as synthetic biology and artificial intelligence. We trace claims and corrections in various channels of scientific communication (journals, social media, advertisements, conference programs, etc.) via innovative digital methods. We examine error (non)correction practices in scientific conferences via ethnographic participant-observation. We follow the history of conferences, journals, and other sites of error (non)correction from the 1970s (before nanobio per se existed) to the present. And we attempt to replicate nanobiological claims and, in case of non-replication, document obstacles to correcting those claims. Finally, we will spark a dialogue within the nanobiology community by organizing workshops and events at c

Mots-clés : conference studies,scientometrics,controversy studies,sociology of science,scientific publishing,cell imaging,blood brain barrier,endocytosis,text mining,post publication peer review
Projet ERC : FINDER (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : Max Planck Society — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : MPG
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1098029.5 €

Scientific analyses of ancient biomolecules (proteins, DNA, hard tissues) have transformed our knowledge of archaic hominins present in Eurasia prior to the expansion of modern humans from Africa. In 2010, a finger bone discovered in Siberia was assigned using DNA to a new, previously unknown human group, the Denisovans. The Denisovans interbred with both Asian Neanderthals and AMH over the past 100,000 years; their geographic distribution is now thought to have stretched from the Siberian steppes to the tropical forests of SE Asia and Oceania. Despite their broad spatio-temporal range, the Denisovans are only known from 4 tiny bones, all from a single Siberian cave. This patchy knowledge of an entire human population significantly limits our ability to test hypotheses and interpretative models concerning major issues in human evolution, such as the routes and timing of people movements across Asia, the nature and frequency of interaction between archaic indigenous groups and migratory modern humans, the mechanisms leading to the demise of archaic lineages and eventual sole dominance of our species on Earth. This project aims to rectify the dearth of Denisovan fossils by applying a novel combination of cutting-edge scientific methods (collagen fingerprinting, radiocarbon dating and ancient DNA analyses) designed to identify, date and genetically characterize new human fossils, with a particular emphasis on the discovery of Denisovan remains. Instead of only focusing on the few morphologically identifiable human bones, a groundbreaking high-throughput approach will target bulk collections of unidentified bone fragments (n=30,000) from ~20 Asian sites dating to between 100,000-10,000 years. Ultimately, the goal is to expand our understanding of the Denisovans, reveal their geographic range, age, genetic variation and archaeological signature. In addition to solving the puzzles of ancient population history, this research has the potential to decode the patchwork that makes modern humans who we are today, physically, behaviourally and genetically.

Mots-clés : denisovans,palaeolithic,neanderthals,homo sapiens,archaeological science,radiocarbon dating,ancient dna,collagen fingerprinting
Projet ERC : EPIMP (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Complexity
Entité participante : University of Bristol — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1490433.0 €

Scientific inference is principally a matter of using observable data to estimate the parameters of models of interest, e.g., models of the climate system. In traditional Bayesian statistics, uncertainty about model parameters is quantified using a single, precise probability distribution. This approach has proved extremely successful in applications where data is plentiful and model parameters are few. But many models are high dimensional (thousands of parameters), and relevant data is comparatively sparse. In such contexts, imprecise probabilities are required to adequately capture uncertainty. The mathematical foundations of imprecise probability theory (IP) have been in place for 25 years, and IP has proved successful in practice. But IP methods lack rigorous accuracy-centered, philosophical justifications. Traditional Bayesian methods can be justified using epistemic scoring rules, which measure the accuracy of the estimates that they produce. But there has been little work extending these justifications to the IP framework. Thus, the key aim of the proposed research is to develop scoring rules for IP distributions (IP scoring rules), and use them to justify and extend IP methods. There are four main objectives: (1) characterise reasonable IP scoring rules; (2) derive scoring-rule based justifications for existing IP methods; (3) use IP scoring rules to discover novel methods for selecting and updating IP distributions; (4) use IP scoring rules to engineer new deference and aggregation principles for IP distributions. Objectives 1 and 2 will deliver firm foundations for existing IP methods. Objectives 3 and 4 will extend the range of IP methods available for both individual and group inquiry. The results of this project will not only make IP a central focus in contemporary epistemology, and shape ongoing philosophical debates about IP’s role in inference and decision-making, but also furnish new tools aimed at influencing how IP methods are used in practice.

Mots-clés : imprecise probability,epistemic utility theory,scoring rules,scientific inference
Projet ERC : BOLD (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Synergy grants)
Entité participante : Donostia International Physics Center — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : CO-PI
Acronyme de l'entité : DIPC
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 3324375.0 €

Searching for neutrinoless double beta decays (NLDBD) is the only practical way to establish if the neutrinos are their own antiparticles, a discovery of enormous importance for particle physics and cosmology. Due to the smallness of neutrino masses, the lifetime of NLDBD is expected to be much longer than the ones from the noise associated with the natural radioactive chains. A positive identification of NLDBD decays requires finding a signal that cannot be mimicked by radioactive backgrounds. In particular, the NLDBD decay of Xe-136 could be established by detecting the doubly ionized daughter atom, Ba2+ created in the decay. Such a detection could be achieved via a sensor made of a monolayer of molecular indicators. The Ba2+ would be captured by one of the molecules in the sensor, and the presence of the single Ba2+-complexed indicator would be subsequently revealed by a fluorescent response after interrogation with a laser system. Our proposed sensor is based on a new type of molecular bicolor fluorescent indicators, able to shift their emission spectra when complexed with Ba2+. The interrogation and detection system will be based in fast, two photon absorption microscopy. The primary goals of this proposal are: 1, a full demonstration of the feasibility of a sensor capable of detecting single Ba2+ ions in a High Pressure Xenon Chamber (HPXe), and 2) the construction of a large HPXe demonstrator, the BOLD detector, which will implement a full Barium Tagging Detector System and will demonstrate the feasibility of building a background-free experiment at the ton-scale, with large discovery potential.

Mots-clés : neutrinoless double beta decay,supramolecular chemistry,barium tagging,lasers,ion beams,sensors,particle physics,instrumentation
Projet ERC : BOLD (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Synergy grants)
Entité participante : Harvard University — Pays : Etats-Unis — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 430375.0 €

Searching for neutrinoless double beta decays (NLDBD) is the only practical way to establish if the neutrinos are their own antiparticles, a discovery of enormous importance for particle physics and cosmology. Due to the smallness of neutrino masses, the lifetime of NLDBD is expected to be much longer than the ones from the noise associated with the natural radioactive chains. A positive identification of NLDBD decays requires finding a signal that cannot be mimicked by radioactive backgrounds. In particular, the NLDBD decay of Xe-136 could be established by detecting the doubly ionized daughter atom, Ba2+ created in the decay. Such a detection could be achieved via a sensor made of a monolayer of molecular indicators. The Ba2+ would be captured by one of the molecules in the sensor, and the presence of the single Ba2+-complexed indicator would be subsequently revealed by a fluorescent response after interrogation with a laser system. Our proposed sensor is based on a new type of molecular bicolor fluorescent indicators, able to shift their emission spectra when complexed with Ba2+. The interrogation and detection system will be based in fast, two photon absorption microscopy. The primary goals of this proposal are: 1, a full demonstration of the feasibility of a sensor capable of detecting single Ba2+ ions in a High Pressure Xenon Chamber (HPXe), and 2) the construction of a large HPXe demonstrator, the BOLD detector, which will implement a full Barium Tagging Detector System and will demonstrate the feasibility of building a background-free experiment at the ton-scale, with large discovery potential.

Mots-clés : neutrinoless double beta decay,supramolecular chemistry,barium tagging,lasers,ion beams,sensors,particle physics,instrumentation
Projet ERC : BOLD (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Synergy grants)
Entité participante : Harvard University — Pays : Etats-Unis — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 214125.0 €

Searching for neutrinoless double beta decays (NLDBD) is the only practical way to establish if the neutrinos are their own antiparticles, a discovery of enormous importance for particle physics and cosmology. Due to the smallness of neutrino masses, the lifetime of NLDBD is expected to be much longer than the ones from the noise associated with the natural radioactive chains. A positive identification of NLDBD decays requires finding a signal that cannot be mimicked by radioactive backgrounds. In particular, the NLDBD decay of Xe-136 could be established by detecting the doubly ionized daughter atom, Ba2+ created in the decay. Such a detection could be achieved via a sensor made of a monolayer of molecular indicators. The Ba2+ would be captured by one of the molecules in the sensor, and the presence of the single Ba2+-complexed indicator would be subsequently revealed by a fluorescent response after interrogation with a laser system. Our proposed sensor is based on a new type of molecular bicolor fluorescent indicators, able to shift their emission spectra when complexed with Ba2+. The interrogation and detection system will be based in fast, two photon absorption microscopy. The primary goals of this proposal are: 1, a full demonstration of the feasibility of a sensor capable of detecting single Ba2+ ions in a High Pressure Xenon Chamber (HPXe), and 2) the construction of a large HPXe demonstrator, the BOLD detector, which will implement a full Barium Tagging Detector System and will demonstrate the feasibility of building a background-free experiment at the ton-scale, with large discovery potential.

Mots-clés : neutrinoless double beta decay,supramolecular chemistry,barium tagging,lasers,ion beams,sensors,particle physics,instrumentation
Projet ERC : G4DSB (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions
Entité participante : University of Würzburg — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 0.0 €

Secondary structures such as G-quadruplexes (G4s) can form within DNA or RNA. They pose a dramatic risk for genome stability, because due to their stability they can block DNA replication and this could lead to DNA breaks. In certain cancer cells mutations/deletions are observed at G4s, if a helicase that is important for G4 unwinding is mutated. Nevertheless, G4s are also discussed to be functional elements for cellular processes such as telomere protection, transcription, replication, and meiosis. The aim of this research proposal is to use various biochemical and computational tools to determine which proteins are essential for formation and regulation of G4s. Proposed experiments will gain insights into both “effects” of G4s, the risk for genome stability and its significant function for the cell. In aim 1 we will elucidate and identify novel proteins that bind, regulate, and repair G4s, especially in the absence of helicases, in vitro and in vivo. Our focus is to understand how G4s become mutated in the absence of helicases, which proteins are involved, and how genome stability is preserved. In aim 2, we will use cutting edge techniques to identify regions that form G4s in vivo. Although there is experimental proof for G4s in vivo, this is not commonly accepted, yet. We will provide solid data that will support the existence of G4s in vivo. Furthermore, we will survey genome-wide when and why G4s become a risk for genome stability. Aim 3 will focus on the in silico observation that G4 structures are connected to meiosis. In this aim we will use a combination of techniques to unravel the biological significance of G4s during meiosis in vivo. Due to the connection of G4s and cancer the data obtained from this research proposal will not only be important to understand G4 regulation and formation, but will also provide unique knowledge on the impact of G4 structures for genome stability and thereby for human health.

Mots-clés : genome stability,s  cerevisiae,secondary dna structures,double strand breaks,repair
Projet ERC : G4DSB (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions
Entité participante : University Hospital Bonn — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1119382.12 €

Secondary structures such as G-quadruplexes (G4s) can form within DNA or RNA. They pose a dramatic risk for genome stability, because due to their stability they can block DNA replication and this could lead to DNA breaks. In certain cancer cells mutations/deletions are observed at G4s, if a helicase that is important for G4 unwinding is mutated. Nevertheless, G4s are also discussed to be functional elements for cellular processes such as telomere protection, transcription, replication, and meiosis. The aim of this research proposal is to use various biochemical and computational tools to determine which proteins are essential for formation and regulation of G4s. Proposed experiments will gain insights into both “effects” of G4s, the risk for genome stability and its significant function for the cell. In aim 1 we will elucidate and identify novel proteins that bind, regulate, and repair G4s, especially in the absence of helicases, in vitro and in vivo. Our focus is to understand how G4s become mutated in the absence of helicases, which proteins are involved, and how genome stability is preserved. In aim 2, we will use cutting edge techniques to identify regions that form G4s in vivo. Although there is experimental proof for G4s in vivo, this is not commonly accepted, yet. We will provide solid data that will support the existence of G4s in vivo. Furthermore, we will survey genome-wide when and why G4s become a risk for genome stability. Aim 3 will focus on the in silico observation that G4 structures are connected to meiosis. In this aim we will use a combination of techniques to unravel the biological significance of G4s during meiosis in vivo. Due to the connection of G4s and cancer the data obtained from this research proposal will not only be important to understand G4 regulation and formation, but will also provide unique knowledge on the impact of G4 structures for genome stability and thereby for human health.

Mots-clés : genome stability,s  cerevisiae,secondary dna structures,double strand breaks,repair
Projet ERC : G4DSB (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions
Entité participante : University Medical Center Groningen — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UMCG
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 412242.88 €

Secondary structures such as G-quadruplexes (G4s) can form within DNA or RNA. They pose a dramatic risk for genome stability, because due to their stability they can block DNA replication and this could lead to DNA breaks. In certain cancer cells mutations/deletions are observed at G4s, if a helicase that is important for G4 unwinding is mutated. Nevertheless, G4s are also discussed to be functional elements for cellular processes such as telomere protection, transcription, replication, and meiosis. The aim of this research proposal is to use various biochemical and computational tools to determine which proteins are essential for formation and regulation of G4s. Proposed experiments will gain insights into both “effects” of G4s, the risk for genome stability and its significant function for the cell. In aim 1 we will elucidate and identify novel proteins that bind, regulate, and repair G4s, especially in the absence of helicases, in vitro and in vivo. Our focus is to understand how G4s become mutated in the absence of helicases, which proteins are involved, and how genome stability is preserved. In aim 2, we will use cutting edge techniques to identify regions that form G4s in vivo. Although there is experimental proof for G4s in vivo, this is not commonly accepted, yet. We will provide solid data that will support the existence of G4s in vivo. Furthermore, we will survey genome-wide when and why G4s become a risk for genome stability. Aim 3 will focus on the in silico observation that G4 structures are connected to meiosis. In this aim we will use a combination of techniques to unravel the biological significance of G4s during meiosis in vivo. Due to the connection of G4s and cancer the data obtained from this research proposal will not only be important to understand G4 regulation and formation, but will also provide unique knowledge on the impact of G4 structures for genome stability and thereby for human health.

Mots-clés : genome stability,s  cerevisiae,secondary dna structures,double strand breaks,repair
Projet ERC : HSS (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer science and informatics
Entité participante : Reichman University — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1490917.5 €

Secure computation is a powerful cryptographic tool that enables distrusting parties to jointly emulate the correctness and privacy guarantees of an incorruptible trusted third party. The past decades have seen tremendous progress in secure computation protocol design, yet there remain significant gaps in our understanding. On one hand, "classical" approaches require excessive communication between parties; on the other hand, approaches based on fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) require heavy computation as well as significant concrete communication costs. These shortcomings are particularly limiting as the scale of secure computations grows to match the modern regime of big data. The central objective of Project HSS, is to understand and develop the capabilities of secure computation design and surrounding technology via a new methodology of homomorphic secret sharing (HSS). Recently introduced by the PI, HSS is a useful relaxation of FHE where homomorphic evaluation may be distributed across parties who do not interact. Initial results indicate that HSS yields a new paradigm for secure computation with analogous advantages as FHE, while opening the door to simpler, more efficient solutions. HSS-based techniques demonstrate exciting potential also as a means for greatly advancing supporting technologies within all paradigms, and even bridging to other disciplines, with developments and implications reaching beyond the realm of secure computation. The focus of Project HSS will be in exploring these vast new horizons.

Mots-clés : cryptography,secret sharing,secure computation