Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : SOS (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy
Entité participante : Universitätsklinikum Erlangen — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1479781.0 €

During inflammation and infection, we are simultaneously confronted with both self and non-self in form of dying cells and microbes, respectively. Mechanisms that facilitate the non-immunogenic clearance of self-antigens derived from apoptotic and necrotic cells and that, in parallel, allow the initiation of an immune response against invading pathogens are incompletely understood. Recent data from our laboratory show that the immune system actively sorts apoptotic cells (ACs) and bacteria into distinct subspecies of macrophages and dendritic cells thereby enabling a segregated processing of self and non-self as well as a differential immune response against these two entities. Incorrect sorting and aberrant uptake of AC-derived self-antigens by pro-inflammatory and antigen-presenting dendritic cells, however, results in the break of self-tolerance and autoimmunity. Due to technical limitations, the identification and fate-mapping of specific phagocyte subsets that mediate the simultaneous clearance of dying cells and pathogens in vivo has remained largely elusive. We thus plan to develop novel tools that are based on cutting-edge technologies to comprehensively elucidate the sorting of dying cells and pathogens under inflammatory conditions in vivo. We plan to generate TAT-Cre transgenic mice and bacteria that will be used in conjunction with R26-eYFP reporter animals to permanently track phagocytes after ingestion of endogenously accumulated dying cells and pathogens, respectively. These approaches will enable us to characterize the involved phagocytes, study molecular mechanisms underlying the differential processing of self and non-self and follow the phagocyte’s migratory behaviour and its subsequent differentiation. The obtained data will not only provide insights into the pathogenesis of autoimmune and infectious diseases, but will also foster the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of such disorders.

Mots-clés : autoimmunity,clearance of apoptotic cells
Projet ERC : FLEXINGPLEXIN (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions
Entité participante : University of Oxford — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2083825.0 €

During the development of a multicellular organism cell guidance proteins interact with their cognate cell surface receptors to guide cells to their correct location. Such functions continue to be essential in the adult to maintain tissue homeostasis. Semaphorins use plexins as their main receptors for signalling and the semaphorin and plexin families together constitute one of the largest and functionally diverse of the cell guidance systems in vertebrates. We have gained some insight into the architecture and interactions which trigger semaphorin-plexin signalling, but fundamental questions remain and some of the most puzzling, and of potential clinical importance, concern the mechanisms of action of the secreted class 3 semaphorins (Sema3s), and their (co-)receptors. Neuropilin co-receptors play pivotal roles for Sema3 function and have been implicated in context dependent switching of cell guidance signalling outputs. There is an urgent need for information on molecular mechanism to underpin the design and interpretation of studies into biological function and clinical pathology. To advance the field we will combine structural biology and cellular imaging based approaches with functional studies (in house and in collaboration). The research plan is sub-divided into three inter-related sections that aim to discover: 1. The structural determinants and mechanisms of action by which class 3 semaphorins exert differing effects on signalling. 2. The conformational state of the plexin ectodomain in different contexts and its contribution to signal outcome. 3. The mechanisms by which neuropilin binding can switch the outcomes of plexin signalling. Molecular level answers to the questions posed by semaphorin-neuropilin-plexin signalling will take us beyond the current state of the art, and impact on diverse disciplines, for example cellular immunology and developmental biology, as well as guiding the design of novel therapeutic agents.
Projet ERC : DRIVEN (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : Aalto University — Pays : Finlande — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2499999.0 €

During the recent years, biological materials have extensively inspired materials scientists towards new properties, e.g., for composites, photonics, and wetting. The future grand challenge is to mimic biological active materials towards new properties that commonly have not been connected with man-made materials. Due to the biological complexity, conceptually new approaches are needed in materials science. In the project DRIVEN, field-driven dissipative out-of-equilibrium self-assemblies are developed in the colloidal and molecular scale. In the proposal, instead of using chemical fuels to drive dissipative self-assemblies, which is ubiquitous in Nature, imposed fields are here used to drive the system out-of-equilibrium towards new assemblies and functions. The project show steps with growing risks towards highly ambitious new materials mimicking aspects from active biological materials.

Mots-clés : dissipation,cognitive materials,responsive materials,pavlovian conditioning
Projet ERC : PhoMatFlow (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Proof of concept grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : Autonomous University of Madrid — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UAM
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 150000.0 €

During the research of the ERC-funded project UNBICAT (ERC-CoG, contract number 647550), the Principal Investigator, and his research group have developed new photocatalysts and their application in different organic transformations. A recent development of the project has been the preparation of new photocatalysts and their immobilization onto different materials, making them heterogeneous catalysts. These heterogeneous photocatalysts are able to produce chemicals and products of interest to the chemical industry. Therefore, the heterogeneous photocatalysts developed in this project are expected to become valuable tools for the production of chemicals under more sustainable and milder conditions. The aim of the present Proof of Concept (PoC) project is to study their implementation in cartridges and microchannel reactors for flow chemistry. For this purpose, reaction optimization to scale-up the current mg-scale synthesis of the heterogeneous photocatalysts, and their incorporation onto cartridges and microchannel reactors will be carried out. In addition, the photocatalytic performance of the devices in the preparation of chemicals and products of interest to the industry will be validated using flow chemistry. This PoC project will also contain an analysis of the intellectual property and patent filing procedure required to protect the inventions within the field of synthesis and application of the catalyst. Additionally, a market analysis to identify potential industrial partners will be conducted. These photocatalytic cartridges and microchannel reactors will be valuable tools in different fields of the chemical industry for manufacturing chemicals, but also in academia for the preparation of products and to address other novel transformations.

Mots-clés : catalysis,heterogeneous materials,photocatalysis,chemical industry
Projet ERC : DustOrigin (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Universe sciences
Entité participante : Ghent University — Pays : Belgique — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UGent
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1500000.0 €

Dust pervades the Universe; it is responsible for the obscuration of 50% of starlight, for the formation of molecular hydrogen, for the cooling of clouds collapsing to form stars, and for radiative feedback processes capable of driving massive galactic outflows. Due to the unknown origin of dust, cosmological simulations lack detailed dust physics, which will affect the outcome of galaxy evolution models. Current work by myself and collaborators have delivered observational evidence for the efficient condensation of dust in supernova remnants (SNRs). Up to now, grain growth is assumed to be the dominant dust source, but a viable chemical route for growing grains in the ISM has yet to be found. Current dust destruction efficiencies have been overestimated due to the neglect of inhomogeneous cloud structures. With Herschel's legacy of dust in the nearby Universe and ALMA's capabilities to detect the first infrared light of galaxies, this is an opportune time to re-evaluate the origin of dust. Building upon my expertise in dust in both SNRs and nearby galaxies, I will re-evaluate net SN dust production rates by inferring the composition and grain size of SN dust based on my own dust polarimetric data of Galactic SNRs. With my collaborators from LERMA, I will exploit a new experimental technique to simultaneously infer adsorption and diffusion energies; these laboratory measurements will allow me to assess whether grain growth can provide a viable mechanism for dust formation. My Dust and Element evolUtion modelS (DEUS) will be expanded to include a 3D inhomogeneous ISM structure, and will be exploited to model the destruction of dust by shocks in a realistic multi-phase ISM. Finally, the evolution of dust and metals will be modelled in a statistical sample of low- and high-redshift galaxies to infer the dominant dust sources. The three pillars (observations, modelling and laboratory experiments) of my ERC project are essential to solve the origin of dust problem.

Mots-clés : interstellar dust,dust formation,dust destruction,chemical evolution,grain growth,supernova,laboratory experiments,infrared observations  herschel,alma,jcmt,
Projet ERC : HOLOGRAM (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : Constructor University — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : IUB
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1184669.75 €

Dynamical systems play an important role all over science, from celestial mechanics, evolution biology and economics to mathematics. Specifically holomorphic dynamics has been credited as “straddling the traditional borders between pure and applied mathematics”. Activities of numerous top-level mathematicians, including Fields medalists and Abel laureates, demonstrate the attractivity of holomorphic dynamics as an active and challenging research field. We propose to work on a research project based in holomorphic dynamics that actively connects to adjacent mathematical fields. We work on four closely connected Themes: A. we develop a classification of holomorphic dynamical systems and a Rigidity Principle, proposing the view that many of the additional challenges of non-polynomial rational maps are encoded in the simpler polynomial setting; B. we advance Thurston’s fundamental characterization theorem of rational maps and his lamination theory to the world of transcendental maps, developing a novel way of understanding of spaces of iterated polynomials and transcendental maps; C. we develop an extremely efficient polynomial root finder based on Newton’s method that turns the perceived problem of “chaotic dynamics” into an advantage, factorizing polynomials of degree several million in a matter of minutes rather than months – and providing a family of rational maps that are highly susceptible to combinatorial analysis, leading the way for an understanding of more general maps; D. and we connect this to geometric group theory via “Iterated Monodromy Groups”, an innovative concept that helps solve dynamical questions in terms of their group structure, and that contributes to geometric group theory by providing natural classes of groups with properties that used to be thought of as “exotic”.

Mots-clés : msc2010 37fxx  complex dynamical systems,teichm ller theory,root finding,iterated monodromy groups
Projet ERC : HOLOGRAM (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : Aix-Marseille Université — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : amU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1036640.75 €

Dynamical systems play an important role all over science, from celestial mechanics, evolution biology and economics to mathematics. Specifically holomorphic dynamics has been credited as “straddling the traditional borders between pure and applied mathematics”. Activities of numerous top-level mathematicians, including Fields medalists and Abel laureates, demonstrate the attractivity of holomorphic dynamics as an active and challenging research field. We propose to work on a research project based in holomorphic dynamics that actively connects to adjacent mathematical fields. We work on four closely connected Themes: A. we develop a classification of holomorphic dynamical systems and a Rigidity Principle, proposing the view that many of the additional challenges of non-polynomial rational maps are encoded in the simpler polynomial setting; B. we advance Thurston’s fundamental characterization theorem of rational maps and his lamination theory to the world of transcendental maps, developing a novel way of understanding of spaces of iterated polynomials and transcendental maps; C. we develop an extremely efficient polynomial root finder based on Newton’s method that turns the perceived problem of “chaotic dynamics” into an advantage, factorizing polynomials of degree several million in a matter of minutes rather than months – and providing a family of rational maps that are highly susceptible to combinatorial analysis, leading the way for an understanding of more general maps; D. and we connect this to geometric group theory via “Iterated Monodromy Groups”, an innovative concept that helps solve dynamical questions in terms of their group structure, and that contributes to geometric group theory by providing natural classes of groups with properties that used to be thought of as “exotic”.

Mots-clés : msc2010 37fxx  complex dynamical systems,teichm ller theory,root finding,iterated monodromy groups
Projet ERC : REVOLINC (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering
Entité participante : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations — Pays : Italie — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : FAO
Type d'entité : Organismes publics (hors enseignement & recherche)
Financement ERC de l'entité : 0.0 €

EFSA recently prohibited 75% of insecticides to account for their toxicity and ecotoxicity. Moreover, the spread of insecticide resistance and invasion of Europe by new tropical vectors and pests require the development of alternative biological techniques. Recently, we hypothesized that shifting the vision of the sterile male from a sexual competitor only to a specific transporter of active biocides to the targeted female might boost the impact of the sterile insect technique (SIT). Here we want to demonstrate this concept using three biocides: Pyriproxifen, Bacillus thuringiensis and a Densovirus against the Tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus). Pyriproxifen will also be tested against tsetse and fruit flies. We will test the technology both in the laboratory and at an operational scale and model the relative impacts of SIT and boosted-SIT on the dynamics of the targeted population. Moreover, we will compare the evolutionary response of the target population to these different control pressures (multiple lethal mutations, multiple lethal mutations + biocides), for three different biocides and three demographic strategies. This will generate breakthrough knowledge on the transmission of biocides and pathogens in insects and the sustainability of genetic control, provide a new control technique for mosquitoes, and improve the cost-effectiveness of SIT in tsetse and fruit flies. We will have to address technical issues associated to mass rearing, sterilization, sex separation and aerial release of mosquitoes as well as regulatory issues required for releasing sterile males coated with bioicides.

Mots-clés : sterile insect technique,pyriproxifen,tiger mosquito,medflies,tsetse,ridl,densovirus,bacillus thuringiensis var  israelensis
Projet ERC : REVOLINC (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering
Entité participante : Université de Montpellier — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UM
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 142800.0 €

EFSA recently prohibited 75% of insecticides to account for their toxicity and ecotoxicity. Moreover, the spread of insecticide resistance and invasion of Europe by new tropical vectors and pests require the development of alternative biological techniques. Recently, we hypothesized that shifting the vision of the sterile male from a sexual competitor only to a specific transporter of active biocides to the targeted female might boost the impact of the sterile insect technique (SIT). Here we want to demonstrate this concept using three biocides: Pyriproxifen, Bacillus thuringiensis and a Densovirus against the Tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus). Pyriproxifen will also be tested against tsetse and fruit flies. We will test the technology both in the laboratory and at an operational scale and model the relative impacts of SIT and boosted-SIT on the dynamics of the targeted population. Moreover, we will compare the evolutionary response of the target population to these different control pressures (multiple lethal mutations, multiple lethal mutations + biocides), for three different biocides and three demographic strategies. This will generate breakthrough knowledge on the transmission of biocides and pathogens in insects and the sustainability of genetic control, provide a new control technique for mosquitoes, and improve the cost-effectiveness of SIT in tsetse and fruit flies. We will have to address technical issues associated to mass rearing, sterilization, sex separation and aerial release of mosquitoes as well as regulatory issues required for releasing sterile males coated with bioicides.

Mots-clés : sterile insect technique,pyriproxifen,tiger mosquito,medflies,tsetse,ridl,densovirus,bacillus thuringiensis var  israelensis
Projet ERC : REVOLINC (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering
Entité participante : Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CIRAD
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1355109.75 €

EFSA recently prohibited 75% of insecticides to account for their toxicity and ecotoxicity. Moreover, the spread of insecticide resistance and invasion of Europe by new tropical vectors and pests require the development of alternative biological techniques. Recently, we hypothesized that shifting the vision of the sterile male from a sexual competitor only to a specific transporter of active biocides to the targeted female might boost the impact of the sterile insect technique (SIT). Here we want to demonstrate this concept using three biocides: Pyriproxifen, Bacillus thuringiensis and a Densovirus against the Tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus). Pyriproxifen will also be tested against tsetse and fruit flies. We will test the technology both in the laboratory and at an operational scale and model the relative impacts of SIT and boosted-SIT on the dynamics of the targeted population. Moreover, we will compare the evolutionary response of the target population to these different control pressures (multiple lethal mutations, multiple lethal mutations + biocides), for three different biocides and three demographic strategies. This will generate breakthrough knowledge on the transmission of biocides and pathogens in insects and the sustainability of genetic control, provide a new control technique for mosquitoes, and improve the cost-effectiveness of SIT in tsetse and fruit flies. We will have to address technical issues associated to mass rearing, sterilization, sex separation and aerial release of mosquitoes as well as regulatory issues required for releasing sterile males coated with bioicides.

Mots-clés : sterile insect technique,pyriproxifen,tiger mosquito,medflies,tsetse,ridl,densovirus,bacillus thuringiensis var  israelensis
Projet ERC : ENERGYA (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Euro-Mediterranean Center for Climate Change — Pays : Italie — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : CMCC
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 412812.5 €

ENERGYA will improve our understanding of how energy and energy services can be used by households and industries to adapt to the risk posed by climate change. Specifically, the project will develop an interdisciplinary and scalable research framework integrating data and methods from economics with geography, climate science, and integrated assessment modelling to provide new knowledge concerning heterogeneity in energy use across countries, sectors, socioeconomic conditions and income groups, and assess the broad implications adaptation-driven energy use can have on the economy, the environment, and welfare. The key novelty of ENERGYA is to link energy statistics and energy survey data with high spatial resolution data from climate science and remote sensing, including high-resolution spatial data on meteorology, population and economic activity distribution, electrification, and the built environment. ENERGYA has three main objectives. First, it will produce novel statistical and econometric analyses for OECD and major emerging countries (Brazil, Mexico, India, and Indonesia) to shed light on the underlying mechanisms driving energy use. Second, it will infer future potential impacts from long-run climate and socioeconomic changes building on historical empirical evidence. Third, it will analyse the macro and distributional implications of adaptation-driven energy use with an economy-energy model characterising the distribution of energy use dynamics across and within countries. Given the central role of energy as multiplier for socioeconomic development and as enabling condition for climate resilience, the research proposed in ENERGYA will result in timely insights for the transition towards sustainability described by the Sustainable Development Goals adopted by the United Nations as well as the Paris International Climate Agreement.

Mots-clés : climate change,adaptation,energy,scenarios,econometrics