Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : NeoplAT (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : National University of Ireland — Pays : Irlande — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : NUI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1862715.0 €

NeoplAT offers a fresh and thoroughly documented account of the impact of Pagan Neoplatonism on the Abrahamic traditions. It focuses mainly, but not exclusively, on the Elements of Theology of Proclus (fifth century) which occupies a unique place in the history of thought. Together with its ninth-century Arabic adaptation, the Book of Causes, it has been translated, adapted, refuted and commented upon by Muslim, Jewish and Christian thinkers across centuries, up to the dawn of modernity. Despite a renewed interest in Proclus’ legacy in recent years, one still observes a tendency to repeat conventional hypotheses focused on a limited range of well-studied authors. This project radically challenges these conservative narratives both by analysing invaluable, previously ignored resources and by developing an innovative comparative approach that embraces a variety of research methods and disciplines. Specialists in Arabic, Greek and Latin history of ideas, philology, palaeography and lexicography develop an intense interdisciplinary research laboratory investigating the influence of Proclus on the mutual exchanges between the scriptural monotheisms from the ninth to the sixteenth centuries. Based on fundamental archival examinations in underused library collections, NeoplAT aims (1) to identify new Arabic and Latin manuscripts and to continue to explore a corpus of texts recently discovered by the PI, representing a largely unknown intellectual heritage; (2) to retrace the scholarly networks by which Neoplatonism was transmitted between the Middle East, Byzantium and the Latin West, with particular attention to the dynamics of exchange within each cultural milieu; (3) to analyse the impact of Proclus on the history of metaphysics and on the relations between philosophy and theology within the Abrahamic traditions. NeoplAT achieves these goals through a collaborative, adapted methodology; its specific outputs will provide research tools for the broader academic community.

Mots-clés : neoplatonism,pseudo aristotle,proclus,the book of causes,nicholas of methone,medieval and renaissance philosophy,arabic and latin manuscripts,critical editions,history of metaphysics
Projet ERC : DYNASNET (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Synergy grants)
Entité participante : Central European University — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CEU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 949103.96 €

Networks define our life, being essential to cell biology, communications, social and economic systems, and impacting virtually all areas of science and technology. The aim of this proposal is to engage leading experts in network science and graph theory to build a mathematically sound theory of dynamical networks, which will be transformative to our understanding of complex systems, with applications in multiple disciplines. Both fields have made major conceptual advances in the past decade: network science has offered a data-based basic topological description of complex networks, and has started to address the inherently dynamical nature of real networks, their reconstruction and control; in mathematics we have seen major advances in graph limit theory, the local-global dichotomy in observation, and promising steps in the theory of graphs with intermediate degrees, that capture real networks. While these concepts offer different formalisms to capture the same underlying reality, there has been no conversation between the two communities, limiting our understanding of real networks. The proposed research aims to build on these advances to construct a coherent theory of dynamical networks, and to exploit its applications and predictive power to various real systems. We plan to offer a sound mathematical foundation of network science, helping us better analyze, predict and control the behavior of real networks. It will benefit mathematics in leading to an enriched, robust graph limit theory, with exciting applications in multiple areas of mathematics. To enhance the wider impact of the proposed mathematical advances, we plan to conduct a permanent conversation with experts from different domains that encounter and explore real networks, from cell biology to brain science and transportation and communication networks, inspiring with novel questions and helping the application of our advances in these domains.

Mots-clés : graph limit,dynamic network,processes on graphs,network science,complex systems,network biology
Projet ERC : DYNASNET (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Synergy grants)
Entité participante : Central European University — Pays : Hongrie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CEU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2850746.04 €

Networks define our life, being essential to cell biology, communications, social and economic systems, and impacting virtually all areas of science and technology. The aim of this proposal is to engage leading experts in network science and graph theory to build a mathematically sound theory of dynamical networks, which will be transformative to our understanding of complex systems, with applications in multiple disciplines. Both fields have made major conceptual advances in the past decade: network science has offered a data-based basic topological description of complex networks, and has started to address the inherently dynamical nature of real networks, their reconstruction and control; in mathematics we have seen major advances in graph limit theory, the local-global dichotomy in observation, and promising steps in the theory of graphs with intermediate degrees, that capture real networks. While these concepts offer different formalisms to capture the same underlying reality, there has been no conversation between the two communities, limiting our understanding of real networks. The proposed research aims to build on these advances to construct a coherent theory of dynamical networks, and to exploit its applications and predictive power to various real systems. We plan to offer a sound mathematical foundation of network science, helping us better analyze, predict and control the behavior of real networks. It will benefit mathematics in leading to an enriched, robust graph limit theory, with exciting applications in multiple areas of mathematics. To enhance the wider impact of the proposed mathematical advances, we plan to conduct a permanent conversation with experts from different domains that encounter and explore real networks, from cell biology to brain science and transportation and communication networks, inspiring with novel questions and helping the application of our advances in these domains.

Mots-clés : graph limit,dynamic network,processes on graphs,network science,complex systems,network biology
Projet ERC : NeurIMM (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : Champalimaud Foundation — Pays : Portugal — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 150000.0 €

NeurIMM has been designed to investigate the commercial and technical viability of a novel, targeted therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), based on a recently uncovered signaling axis between intestinal type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) and enteric glial cells. This discovery by the team of Prof. Henrique Veiga-Fernandes in the ERC CoG grant 647274 ‘GliaInnateSensing’ was recently published in Nature (Ibiza et al, Nature 2016). NeurIMM proposes the use of a glial cell-derived immunomodulator to restore intestinal homeostasis, by inducing a tissue protective immune response. Importantly, this novel therapy will also promote tissue healing to reverse immune-cell mediated tissue damage, leading to improved outcomes for the patient. This could have major implications for patients suffering from IBD. In addition, this approach also has potential as an effective therapy against cancer, (pediatric) gastroenteritis, and other inflammatory disorders.

Mots-clés : glial cells,ilc3,therapy,gdnf,mucosal healing,intestinal homeostasis
Projet ERC : PREDICT (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : Princess Máxima Center — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1406250.0 €

Neuroblastoma are pediatric tumors that respond poorly to chemotherapy and have a very poor prognosis. To improve treatment options, a global development towards precision medicine is ongoing. This strongly focusses on molecular genetic target identification in tumors and subsequent assigning patients to the best trials according to their molecular profile. Still it is difficult to predict which patients will benefit from these targeted compounds. In addition, if tumors do respond to single compound targeted therapy, they almost always relapse. These tumor evolution processes could be prevented by simultaneous intervention in different activated tumor pathways. We now want to study how we can select patients that will most likely respond to a targeted compound and what combinations of targeted compounds are most effective? This can’t be tested in a clinical setting since the number of neuroblastoma patients that can be included in Phase1/2 trials is very small. Recent research shows that tumor organoids mimic human tumors and can effectively be used as xenograft in nude mice as well. These in vitro and in vivo models could be used as an alternative selection system for optimal combination treatment in a personalized approach. The overall aim is now to test if combinations of targeted compounds can cause complete remission in neuroblastoma organoid model systems to select combination treatment options for personalized clinical trials For this purpose we will generate neuroblastoma organoids that properly represents the complexity and heterogeneity of individual tumors and build a repository that represents the various subtypes of neuroblastoma tumors. We will identify synergistic compound combinations that are effective in neuroblastoma tumors that are characterized by specific molecular genetic aberrations. Thereby we will build an efficient pipeline to generate personalized models that can be used in precision medicine programs to perform compound validation.

Mots-clés : neuroblastoma,relapse tumors,organoids,personalized medicine
Projet ERC : NeuroPsense (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : University of Zurich — Pays : Suisse — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UZH
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 32512.5 €

Neuromorphic computing has demonstrated high potential for creating computing systems with order-of-magnitude improvements in energy efficiency and robustness to noisy or unreliable sensory signals, such as those inherent in vision. However, a significant roadblock to realizing the full potential of this emerging brain-inspired technology is the current practical need to use inefficient and slow (high latency) legacy von Neumann architectures to convert the input data that needs to be processed, and supply it to the neuromorphic system for further processing. A promising solution to this problem is the recent availability of state-of-the-art neuromorphic sensors, which produce asynchronous event-based output in a form for neuromorphic processing. In parallel, we have developed state-of-the-art neuromorphic processors in the ERC NeuroP project, opening the path to creating fully neuromorphic combined sensing and processing systems. Here we will demonstrate the potential of this technology by building a proof of concept Neuromorphic Sensory Processor (NSP), which will directly interface the neuromorphic Dynamic Vision Sensor with one of the neuromorphic processor devices developed in the ERC NeuroP project. This will represent the first ever general-purpose, end-to-end, fully neuromorphic vision sensing and processing system available for general usage. In this project we will build a technology demonstrator and a detailed commercial business case for this technology, and demonstrate both its technological and commercial advantages. Possible applications for the technology include ultra-high performance and ultra-low power visual processing in ambient surveillance, driver assistance, mobile/wearable devices and robotics.

Mots-clés : neuromorphic,dynamic vision sensor,non von neumann,beyond moore,ultra low power,deep networks,pattern recognition
Projet ERC : NeuroPsense (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : Inilabs ag — Pays : Suisse — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : Inilabs
Type d'entité : Organismes privés (hors enseignement)
Financement ERC de l'entité : 117487.5 €

Neuromorphic computing has demonstrated high potential for creating computing systems with order-of-magnitude improvements in energy efficiency and robustness to noisy or unreliable sensory signals, such as those inherent in vision. However, a significant roadblock to realizing the full potential of this emerging brain-inspired technology is the current practical need to use inefficient and slow (high latency) legacy von Neumann architectures to convert the input data that needs to be processed, and supply it to the neuromorphic system for further processing. A promising solution to this problem is the recent availability of state-of-the-art neuromorphic sensors, which produce asynchronous event-based output in a form for neuromorphic processing. In parallel, we have developed state-of-the-art neuromorphic processors in the ERC NeuroP project, opening the path to creating fully neuromorphic combined sensing and processing systems. Here we will demonstrate the potential of this technology by building a proof of concept Neuromorphic Sensory Processor (NSP), which will directly interface the neuromorphic Dynamic Vision Sensor with one of the neuromorphic processor devices developed in the ERC NeuroP project. This will represent the first ever general-purpose, end-to-end, fully neuromorphic vision sensing and processing system available for general usage. In this project we will build a technology demonstrator and a detailed commercial business case for this technology, and demonstrate both its technological and commercial advantages. Possible applications for the technology include ultra-high performance and ultra-low power visual processing in ambient surveillance, driver assistance, mobile/wearable devices and robotics.

Mots-clés : neuromorphic,dynamic vision sensor,non von neumann,beyond moore,ultra low power,deep networks,pattern recognition
Projet ERC : NATURE_NURTURE (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System
Entité participante : University of Geneva — Pays : Suisse — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UNIGE
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2499936.0 €

Neuronal diversity determines the variety of circuits that can be formed and thus sets the framework for an animal’s behavioural repertoire. During development, distinct neuronal types emerge from interactions between cell-intrinsic processes and cell-extrinsic processes. In the brain, untangling how intrinsic and extrinsic processes contribute to neuronal identity has been difficult, as neurons are highly interconnected and heterogeneous cells with distinct and dynamic sensitivities to environmental signals. In such conditions, high temporal single-cell resolution approaches are required to parse out the drivers of cell-type differentiation. The mouse neocortex is an ideal model to tease out drivers of differentiation: radially, cell-intrinsic genetic mechanisms drive the generation of successive neuron types across cortical layers; tangentially, cell-extrinsic processes are critical to drive differentiation via synaptic input across cortical areas. Here, using the developing neocortex as a model system, I propose to identify how cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic processes interact to define distinct neuron identities by characterizing: 1. emergence of area-specific neuronal and progenitor identities using FlashTag fate mapping and single-cell RNA sequencing (Work Package (WP) 1) 2. plasticity of area-specific neuronal states in response to genetic manipulation, transplantation or input/activity manipulation (WP2) 3. spatial context-independent components of neuron identity, by uncovering core molecular and circuit states in vitro (WP3) 4. postnatal experience-dependent controls over neuronal identity, using the precocial rodent Acomys as a new model to study the role of early brain-world interactions (WP4). Together, these experiments aim to identify the molecular determinants of progenitor and neuron types by distinguishing intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of cell identity, with the long-term aim of reverse-engineering tailored neuronal cell-types for circuit repair.

Mots-clés : neuronal diversity,brain development
Projet ERC : AXONENDO (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System
Entité participante : Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : IRCCS
Type d'entité : Organismes privés (hors enseignement)
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499563.0 €

Neurons are morphologically complex cells that rely on highly compartmentalized signaling to coordinate cellular functions. The endocytic pathway is a crucial trafficking route by which neurons integrate, spatially process and transfer information. Endosomal trafficking in axons and dendrites ensures that required molecules and signaling complexes are present where and when they are functionally needed thus fulfilling essential roles in neuronal physiology. Our recent work has revealed the presence of mRNAs and ribosomes on endosomes in axons, raising the exciting possibility that these motile organelles also directly modulate the local proteome by controlling de novo protein synthesis. However, the mechanisms by which endosomes regulate mRNA translation in neurons is unknown. Moreover, the roles of endosome-mediated control of protein synthesis in neuronal development and function have not been investigated. Here, we propose to bridge this knowledge gap by elucidating links between the endocytic pathway and local protein synthesis in neurons, focusing on their functional relationship in axons. By combining genome-wide analysis, genetic tools, state-of-the-art imaging techniques and the use of Xenopus and mouse vertebrate models, we plan to address the following fundamental questions: (i) What are the mRNAs associated with endosomes and does endosomal trafficking regulate their axonal localization? (ii) Does the endocytic pathway mediate the selective translation of axonal mRNAs in response to extracellular factors? (iii) What are the endosome-associated RNA-binding proteins, and what is the effect of perturbing these associations on axonal development and maintenance in vivo? (iv) Does impaired endosomal regulation of axonal mRNA localization and translation cause axonopathies? Answering these questions will set strong foundations for this new area of research and can provide a new angle in our comprehension of neuropathies in need of novel therapeutic strategies.

Mots-clés : axon,mrna trafficking,mrna translation,endosomes,axon development and maintenance,disease
Projet ERC : ErasmusBlink (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : Erasmus MC — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 149938.0 €

Neuroscientists and clinicians use a wide range of behavioral tests to investigate the physiological mechanisms of learning and memory formation. One of the most objective and reliable tests is eyeblink conditioning, as it is extremely simple, it can be done in both humans and animals, it measures many aspects of how we learn in our daily life, and it can detect memory deficits in many neurological and psychiatric diseases. However, so far there are no low-cost reliable eyeblink conditioning setups commercially available. Therefore, we propose for this ERC-POC application to prepare the commercialization of ErasmusBlink as a low-cost, wearable eyeblink conditioning recording and analysis setup that can be used in virtually all species. With ErasmusBlink one can do reliable and reproducible eyeblink conditioning experiments for scientific, medical and industrial purposes. ErasmusBlink will be the first ‘total care’ package, alleviating the potential customer from the requirement of the technical and programming skills, which one currently needs to acquire before being able to do eyeblink conditioning experiments. Our market survey will cover three major fields: Basic neurosciences (1), clinical and pharmaceutical research (2), and nutritional sciences (3). For all three fields eyeblink conditioning parameters have been shown to uncover important and fundamental functional processes and correlations. Our current academic collaborations with key players in each of these disciplines and with industrial partners like Noldus IT serve as a solid platform to ensure a successful commercialization of ErasmusBlink.

Mots-clés : neuroscience,neurology,psychiatry,learning and memory,eyeblink conditioning,medical research tool,erasmusblink,nutritional science