Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : IceCommunities (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 125035.0 €

Glaciers show a pattern of retreat at the global scale. Increasing areas are exposed and colonized by multiple organisms, but lack of global studies hampers a complete understanding of the future of recently deglaciated terrains. What will be the fate of these areas? How do animals, plants and microorganisms colonize them? How do they interact to perform successful colonization? Which are the climatic, geological and biogeographical processes determining colonization patterns? How does ecosystem functioning evolves through time? Until now, the complete reconstruction of soil communities was hampered by the complexity of identification of organisms, thus analyses at broad geographical and taxonomic scale have been so far impossible. IceCommunities will combine innovative methods and a global approach to boost our understanding of the evolution of ecosystems in recently deglaciated areas. I will investigate chronosequences ranging from recently deglaciated terrains to late successional stages of soil pedogenesis. Through environmental DNA metabarcoding I will identify species from multiple taxonomic groups (bacteria, fungi, protists, soil invertebrates, plants), to obtain a complete reconstruction of biotic communities along glacier forelands over multiple mountain areas across the globe. This will allow measuring the rate of colonization at an unprecedented detail. Information on assemblages will be combined with analyses of soil, landscape and climate to identify the drivers of community changes. I will also identify the impact of eco-geographical factors (climate, regional pool of potential colonizers) on colonization. Analysis of functional traits will allow reconstructing how functional diversity emerges during community formation, and how it scales to the functioning of food webs. IceCommunities will help to predict the future development of these increasingly important ecosystems, providing a supported rationale for the appropriate management of these areas

Mots-clés : environmental dna,dna metabarcoding,global change biology,functional traits
Projet ERC : VESSEL CO-COPTION (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 394218.75 €

Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the deadliest types of human cancer. Despite a very aggressive treatment regime – including resection of the tumor, radiation and chemotherapy – its estimated recurrence rate is more than 90%. Recurrence is mostly caused by the regrowth of highly invasive cells spreading from the tumor bulk, which are not removed by resection. To develop an effective therapeutic approach, we need to better understand the underlying molecular mechanism of radiation resistance and tumor spreading in GBM. Radioresistance in GBM is attributed to glioma stem cells (GSCs), a fraction of perivascular, self-renewing, multipotent and tumor-initiating cells. Growing evidence highlights the perivascular space as a niche for GSC survival, resistance to therapy, progression and dissemination. The unknown factor is the dynamics of GSCs, how they end up in the vascular niche and how this impacts on radioresistance. My overall hypothesis is that GSCs reach the perivascular niche through vessel co-option - the directional migration of tumor cells towards vessels - and that targeting vessel co-option has the potential to radiosensitize GBM. With this project, we aim to uncover the exact molecular and cellular connections among vessel co-option, GSCs, the vascular niche and radioresistance. Using multiple strategies, such as multiphoton intravital microscopy, orthotopic models of GBM, organotypic cultures, screenings and survival studies, we will investigate and mechanistically change the dynamics of GSC and differentiated GBM cells in order to understand the role of their interaction with brain vessels and whether this confers resistance to radiotherapy. These studies will provide clinically relevant insights into the involvement of GSCs, the vascular niche and vessel co-option in the resistance of GBM to therapy. Since all GBM patients receive radiotherapy, many would benefit from therapeutic strategies aimed at increasing its efficacy.
Projet ERC : TFL (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : University of Bremen — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1943502.0 €

Global law is changing fundamentally. New forms of law creation, new modes of adjudication, and new enforcement mechanisms in the transnational constellation challenge our understanding of law as a state-based phenomenon. The attending boom in research on transnational law has significantly contributed to our understanding of its structure and functioning. However, existing normative accounts of transnational law often still rely on a conception of legal force that originates in the state or a polity. As a result, a distinctive and compelling normative theory of transnational law has yet to be realized. TFL will fill this gap by developing a normative theory of transnational law based on a novel concept of the transnational force of law. This concept has two dimensions: In a descriptive sense, the transnational force of law accounts for the plurality of societal legal forces in the transnational legal arena, beyond public/private and state/non-state dichotomies. In its normative dimension, it requires a sophisticated normative foundation for all of these societal legal forces that takes into account polycentric claims for legitimacy, efficiency, and justice. This is what our normative theory of transnational law will provide. This theory will be operationalized in three case studies on areas of transnational law where new forms of rulemaking coincide with a broad societal discussion on their normative foundation: financial markets (lex financiaria), internet governance (lex digitalis), and agricultural markets (lex agraria). The analysis will proceed in two steps: (1) descriptively, systemizing the respective transnational legal phenomena in terms of legislative, judicial, executive transnational legal forces, and identifying normative conflicts with human, societal and environmental spheres around normative claims for legitimacy, efficiency and justice; (2) normatively, developing ways to realize these demands within these legal arenas.
Projet ERC : gluactive (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System
Entité participante : Forschungsverbund Berlin — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : FVB
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1981500.0 €

Glutamate receptors are amongst the most important signalling molecules in the brain. Activation of receptors by the neurotransmitter glutamate is required for nervous system function, underlying cognition, learning, memory and sensation. Despite advances in the study of their structural biology and physiology, how glutamate receptor complexes are activated remains unclear. With this proposal, we aim to determine how receptor activation and desensitisation are driven by glutamate binding. Our central approach is to map the motions of glutamate receptors during synaptic-like activity, in order to grab the frames needed to produce the movie of receptor activation. We aim to detect motion within the receptor on the angstrom scale by trapping conformational states during activation with artificial metal ion binding sites and disulfide bonds. Trapped receptors will be examined using biochemical measures of subunit association, biophysical reports of receptor activity and by structural biology. The results we obtain will be useful to rationally interfere with excitatory synapses in the brain and may therefore help the development of therapies.

Mots-clés : synaptic transmission,single channel recording
Projet ERC : QUALITY (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Complexity
Entité participante : Erasmus University Rotterdam — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : EUR
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 308753.75 €

Good public policy should make society healthier, happier, safer, and more productive. Social scientists can help: they can look for the causes that promote or prevent these outcomes. Some do this by building models, which they test against large datasets using statistical tools. Others use non-formal tools, applied to a small number of cases: tracing processes, comparing cases, interviewing participants, writing ethnographies. Policymakers can then try to weigh up all this 'quantitative' and 'qualitative' evidence in order to judge the likely effects of a policy. There are established ways to weigh up the evidence from multiple quantitative studies, and for organizing the evidence from multiple qualitative studies. There are also excellent research designs that yield both quantitative and qualitative evidence. However, it's currently unclear how to weigh up the evidence from multiple qualitative studies, either on their own or together with quantitative studies. For example, how should one judge the efficacy of a policy when the findings from quantitative studies contradict the findings from qualitative ones? This poses a momentous problem: it exposes one's causal judgements to an increased risk of error, as it does any policies based upon these judgements. QUALITY aims to solve this problem by bringing together cutting-edge work in epistemology with the expertise of leading social scientists. It will analyse some prominent qualitative studies in sociology and political science, and it will contrast them with some prominent quantitative studies based on econometrics. QUALITY will then determine whether there is, despite their differences, a handful of basic heuristics for causal inference that underlie both types of approach. If there is, QUALITY will use these heuristics to develop a collection of templates for weighing up quantitative and qualitative evidence.
Projet ERC : SYSTEMATICGRAPH (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer science and informatics
Entité participante : Helmholtz Center for Information Security — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CISPA
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1002912.44 €

Graph-theoretical models are natural tools for the description of road networks, circuits, communication networks, and abstract relations between objects, hence algorithmic graph problems appear in a wide range of computer science applications. As most of these problems are computationally hard in their full generality, research in graph algorithms, approximability, and parameterized complexity usually aims at identifying restricted variants and special cases, which are at the same time sufficiently general to be of practical relevance and sufficiently restricted to admit efficient algorithmic solutions. The goal of the project is to put the search for tractable algorithmic graph problems into a systematic and methodological framework: instead of focusing on specific sporadic problems, we intend to obtain a unified algorithmic understanding by mapping the entire complexity landscape of a particular problem domain. Completely classifying the complexity of each and every algorithmic problem appearing in a given formal framework would necessarily reveal every possible algorithmic insight relevant to the formal setting, with the potential of discovering novel algorithmic techniques of practical interest. This approach has been enormously successful in the complexity classifications of Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs), but comparatively very little work has been done in the context of graphs. The systematic investigation of hard algorithmic graph problems deserves the same level of attention as the dichotomy program of CSPs, and graph problems have similarly rich complexity landscapes and unification results waiting to be discovered. The project will demonstrate that such a complete classification is feasible for a wide range of graph problems coming from areas such as finding patterns, routing, and survivable network design, and novel algorithmic results and new levels of algorithmic understanding can be achieved even for classic and well-studied problems.

Mots-clés : f 2 2  theory of computing   analysis of algorithms and problem complexity   computation on discrete structures,g 2 2  mathematics of computing   discrete mathematics    graph theory
Projet ERC : HiGRAPHINK (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : University of Cambridge — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : U. Cambridge
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 149949.0 €

Graphene's unique electrical and optical properties make it ideal for a variety of applications, in particular for flexible (opto)electronic devices, such as mobile phones, tablets etc. Current flexible electronic devices are based on organic semiconducting materials with excellent current switching but poor charge carrier mobility, which result in a slow response. HiGRAPHINK aims to unlock this limitation by demonstrating the viability of graphene as additive to printed organic semiconducting materials, aiming to improve their mobility. The devices will be made into flexible active matrix arrays to drive proof of concept Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) displays. Combining graphene and organic semiconducting materials may significantly improve the performance of flexible active matrix arrays, enabling a range of foldable and portable consumer electronic devices

Mots-clés : graphene,printed electronics,flexible electronics
Projet ERC : SETinSTONE (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : Leiden University — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1975200.0 €

Greek Mycenaean monumental architecture has been well-studied. However, the extent to which large-scale building programmes contributed to the socioeconomic and political changes and crises that took place in Late Bronze Age Greece (c.1600-1100/1070 BC) has not been studied. The project aims to investigate human and natural resources which interacted in the Argive Plain and Attica. There, elites mobilized these resources to implement their monumental building programmes. It seeks to reveal how and why these constructions were accomplished, and what impact such large-scale prolonged building programmes had on the population over time. Methodologically, practical building processes and inherent social practices are captured via the chaîne opératoire approach. Economic data are assessed via architectural energetics, an econometric modelling procedure translating buildings into cost-estimates including time-units of labour invested. These two approaches are triangulated with critically reviewed data sets revealing the changing broader demographic situation of the region. The latter data are extracted from published settlement and land use surveys, as well as archaeobotanical, geomorphological, climatic and mortuary studies from the Argolid. Published historical archives and the Linear B tablets provide further comparative data on regional pre-industrial land use and human activities. Together all these data will provide numerical estimates of people involved in region-wide large-scale building projects. The social consequence is that these people could not simultaneously produce primary commodities (e.g. food). The project will finally illustrate whether the estimated active population of the region could sustain such long-term building and supply of other resources, or whether resource depletion, mismanagement and miscommunication contributed to the LBA Mycenaean socioeconomic and political crises, or even its societal collapse, c. 1200 BC.

Mots-clés : environment and resources,land use,environmental and climatic change,societal impact,spatial data analysis
Projet ERC : HydMet (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : University of Erlangen-Nuremberg — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : FAU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1497959.0 €

H is an element that plays an important role in the production and efficient usage of energy as it significantly influences the way we produce and consume energy: In high-strength materials, the usability and service life is limited by H induced failure. These materials are key in transport systems, wind power and H storage. Despite the enormous economic significance, little is known fundamentally about the underlying damage mechanisms, which are inherently playing out on the atomic scale. The PI’s team will use atom probe tomography, an atomic scale 3D microscopy method to systematically analyse the location and pathways of H in the microstructure and shed light on damage mechanisms in Fe and Ni based materials. This will include vacancies/clusters (0D), dislocations (1D), interfaces (2D) and second phased (3D). The approach will be combined with micro-mechanics to investigate the involvement of H in fracture behaviour. We will measure the amount of H at dislocations required for enhanced plasticity, in the plastic wake of a crack and at the crack tip. In production materials, we will determine the amount of H at identified traps after processing as well as penetration pathways into the material. Finally, we will clarify the contribution of H to a important problem for wind power generation: white-etching cracks. These experiments are now made possible in a commercial atom probe by using 2H (D) charging combined with cryo specimen transfers to avoid H loss. In the project, the team will go a step further and build an atom probe with ultra-low H background to enable the direct detection of 1H, enabling analysis without tracers. The resulting knowledge will greatly enhance our knowledge on the fundamentals of H in metals at the atomic scale. This will lead to increased predictability of failures, the rational design of H resistant high strength materials and protection measures and with it great cost savings especially in renewable energy generation and electromobility.

Mots-clés : h embrittlement,atom probe tomography
Projet ERC : HYMEDNA (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : University of Twente — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 149578.75 €

HYMEDNA prepares commercialization of very sensitive point-of-care biosensors for early-stage cancer detection based on the electrical detection of hypermethylated DNA (hmDNA) inside nanogaps. Only recently the awareness has risen that local hypermethylation of DNA provides a generic marker for a wide range of cancers. A robust, simple and cheap method for detecting hmDNA at low concentrations in blood, urine or faeces would be a major step forward in the early-stage detection of cancer. Existing hmDNA detection relies on fluorescent read-out, which requires dedicated laboratory handling. Our technology is based on electrodes separated by a tunable nanogap. hmDNA is trapped and highly concentrated in between the electrodes using methyl binding domain (MBD) proteins. MBD binds specifically to methylated CpG sequences and thus provides the direct recognition of the targeted methylated moieties, contrasting existing DNA detection methods which commonly employ DNA (or PNA) oligos and rely on sequence specificity. After target binding, the conductivity of the trapped hmDNA is enhanced, for which we provide alternative routes. The detection step is formed by a simple measurement of the electrical conduction between the electrodes. As our detection scheme relies on completely turning on the conduction instead of only modulating it (as in other electrical detection schemes), an exceptionally high sensitivity is expected. As the most competitive advantages we identify (1) high selectivity (specific chemistry) and sensitivity (“on-off” effect), (2) simple, scalable device concept, (3) robustness against environment, (4) small size (allowing for implementation in a bioassay device for multiple target molecules), and (5) low cost price.

Mots-clés : nanotechnology,hypermethylated dna,biosensing,supramolecular chemistry,surface gradients,molecular recognition
Projet ERC : HYPROTIN (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Physical and analytical chemical sciences
Entité participante : University of Vienna — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Univie
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1990728.0 €

HYPROTIN proposes a pioneering research platform for hyperpolarized magnetic resonance of breast-cancer related proteins that will revolutionize our view on tumorigenesis at the atomic level, through bottom-up reconstitution of medicinal relevant interaction pathways involving the breast cancer susceptibility protein 1 (BRCA1). The risk to develop a hereditary breast or ovarian cancer (HBOC) increases to 55-65 % upon mutation of the BRCA1 gene. Yet, little is known about the biochemistry of tumorigenesis, so that drugs directed towards molecular targets are not satisfactory. To date, mastectomy remains the only preventive treatment. This dramatic lack of knowledge is a consequence of BRCA1 being an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP). Recognizing the importance of IDPs has revolutionized structural biology in the last decade, but this also represents a huge experimental challenge. To date, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is the only technique available to study IDPs at high resolution. However, several limits of the technique must be overcome. Its low sensitivity impedes investigations under biologically meaningful conditions, so that new approaches are required. The HYPROTIN project aims to achieve two methodological goals: 1) Residue-resolved studies of the BRCA1 IDP under physiological conditions; and 2) real-time monitoring of BRCA1-ligand binding, thereby adding a time-resolved dimension to the NMR characterization of IDPs. This systematic approach will provide unprecedented insight into the BRCA1 interactome, provide medically relevant data and residue-resolved protein interaction kinetics. This will open a new knowledge base for rational drug design. The project will employ cutting-edge equipment that is unique worldwide, and will represent the first facility in Europe suited for these ground-breaking experiments. The PI has unique interdisciplinary experience enabling the demanding hyperpolarization approach to IDPs.

Mots-clés : nuclear magnetic resonance,intrinsically disordered proteins,hyperpolarization,dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization,bottom up reconstitution of medicinal relevant biochemistry