Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : DREAM (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : École normale supérieure PSL — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ENS PSL
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2496750.0 €

Synthetic materials exist in a broad variety of sizes, shapes and compositions leading to an impressive breadth of useful functions but tend to be case-specific. Living matter, in contrast, has the remarkable capability to sense, evolve, transform and adapt. Here, we propose to develop new DNA-encoded dynamic principles and implement them as molecular codes to program similar life-like characteristics in a variety of synthetic soft materials, ranging from evolutive DNA nanomachines to genetically encoded active interfaces. Various DNA nanostructures (DNA origamis, single-stranded tiles, DNA nanogrids) will be produced by a new concept of isothermal and reconfigurable DNA self-assembly, leading to user-defined self-assembled structures capable to adapt and morphologically transform, autonomously or in response to a stimulus. Coupling proteins to these reconfigurable nanoscaffolds will allow us to reconstitute dynamic synthetic metabolic pathways, design programmable catalytic switch or develop a new principle of nanostructure discovery by evolution. Beside encoding structural dynamics, we will also incorporate gene-containing DNA in interface-rich materials (films, drops, emulsions) to program, at a genetic level for the first time, the active behaviour and dynamic functionality of these systems. In situ cell-free expression of interfacially active proteins, such as BslA and hydrophobins, will allow us to control the interfacial properties (surface tension, visco-elasticity), either uniformly or with controlled spatio-temporal patterns. This will result in original genetically encoded active behaviours such as genetic Marangoni effects, propulsion, genophoresis or autonomous genetic sorting. Additional functionality will be brought by co-expressing useful proteins (enzymes, antibodies) at these interfaces, resulting in highly dynamic, reconfigurable, versatile and multifunctional soft materials.

Mots-clés : soft matter soft materials nanoscience self assembly dna nanotechnology smart materials reconfigurable materials dna self assembly protein synthetic metabolism evolution nanostructure discovery photo actuation gene expression synthetic biolgoy reconstituted systems interfaces interfacially active proteins marangoni effect self propulsion active matter microfluidics antibody enzyme
Projet ERC : NET (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : École normale supérieure PSL — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ENS PSL
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2140250.0 €

Noncommutative ergodic theory of higher rank lattices is a current topic that has seen several exciting developments in the last five years. Among these recent advancements, in joint work with Rémi Boutonnet (2019), we proved a noncommutative analogue of Nevo-Zimmer's structure theorem for actions of higher rank lattices on von Neumann algebras. First of all, we derived several novel applications to ergodic theory, topological dynamics, unitary representation theory and operator algebras associated with higher rank lattices. Then we obtained a noncommutative analogue of Margulis' factor theorem that provides strong evidence towards Connes' rigidity conjecture for the group von Neumann algebra of higher rank lattices. These results revealed deep and unexpected interactions between the field of discrete subgroups of semisimple Lie groups and the field of operator algebras. In this research project, I plan to build upon these recent achievements to develop new directions in noncommutative ergodic theory of higher rank lattices. This research proposal is centered around two main interconnected themes.  Firstly, I plan to work on several problems and conjectures around the dynamics of the space of positive definite functions and character rigidity for higher rank lattices. These include the classification of characters for higher rank lattices of product type, and more general lattices with dense projections in product groups as well as stiffness results for stationary positive definite functions.  Secondly, drawing inspiration from Margulis' superrigidity theorem, I plan to tackle Connes' rigidity conjecture for higher rank lattices by developing a novel strategy combining techniques from boundary theory, C*-algebras and von Neumann algebras. These methods will lead to new rigidity phenomena for operator algebras arising from irreducible lattices in higher rank semisimple connected Lie groups.

Mots-clés : higher rank lattices von neumann algebras c algebras rigidity
Projet ERC : VCOMP (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Université Bar-Ilan — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : BIU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2096500.0 €

The distinct advantages of enhancing the public’s voluntary compliance (VC) with regulations has made it an advantageous form of governance. However, its use is limited by the extent to which governments and regulators can trust the public without jeopardizing regulatory purposes and harming other social values. Identifying and analysing the antecedents of VC across doctrines and countries can enhance our theoretical understanding of the underlying nature of the interaction between countries and their residents, as well as evaluate the relative efficacy of behaviourally based regulatory tools. This project proposes, examines, and develops a new conceptual model and a methodology that will facilitate a systematic comparison of the relative efficacy across different doctrines and nations. This model will take into account national, organizational, situational, and individual factors and will draw on and combine material from the fields of organizational, situational, and individual factors and will draw on and combine material from the fields of Compliance, Regulation, Behavioural Public Policy, Behavioural Ethics, Trust & Social Norms on how to advance public VC. We will empirically explore if and to what extent VC and greater trustworthiness by the public can be achieved across countries (high vs. low trust) using regulatory tools such as nudges, pledges, incentives, sanctions, and morality in the context of the situations of tax, environment, COVID-19 and ethics. The comprehensive picture of VC that will emerge from this project will include not just effect sizes, but also factors such as the proportion of those who comply, the sustainability of compliance, the impact on social norms, and the likelihood of positive externalities (e.g., trust enhancement) following the enactment of a specific regulatory tool. Better insights into VC can help elucidate the descriptive and normative understanding of the nature of the interaction between countries and their residents.

Mots-clés : compliance,regulatory instrument choice,behavioral ethics,legal impact,cross cultural legal analysis
Projet ERC : EPICHS (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Integrative B iology : from Genes and Genomes to S ystems
Entité participante : Danish Cancer Society — Pays : Danemark — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2500000.0 €

The ability of cells to specialize and maintain their identity through multiple cell divisions is critical for development, tissue renewal and diseases avoidance. A key frontier is therefore to understand how genome organization and function is inherited to daughter cells. EPICHS targets a new paradigm for how epigenetic information is propagated, in which communication between the 2D epigenome and 3D genome organization maintains cellular identity. Inheritance of epigenetic states involves the copying of modifications on DNA and histones in cis on replicated DNA. However, this model lacks a spatial dimension, integrating that similar chromatin types separate spatially in the nucleus and replicates in a coordinated fashion. DNA replication severely disrupts the 2D epigenome, but it is unknown how replication locally impact on 3D organization and how spatial context shapes replication of the epigenome. EPICHS will interrogate chromosome replication across scales; we will develop new technology to address the interplay between 2D and 3D epigenome in epigenetic inheritance across replication. We will combine these technologies with machine learning, proteomics and fast-acting degrons to manipulate chromatin replication. Functionally, we will explore replication-induced 2D/3D dynamics and inheritance mechanisms in regulation of transcription and stem cell plasticity. Together, this will 1) provide the first knowledge of interdependencies and directionality in propagation of 2D and 3D organization, 2) reveal functions of DNA replication-induced plasticity in cell fate transitions, and 3) unveil spatio-temporal epigenetic mechanisms and their synergy with cis-based memory in maintaining cell identity.

Mots-clés : chromatin replication,3d genome organization,cell fate decisions,proteomics,transcriptional regulation
Projet ERC : Beyond (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and Processes Engineering
Entité participante : Université de Trente — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2476084.0 €

Beyond bifurcation, beyond instability, beyond even hyper-elasticity (!) there is an unexplored world of superior materials, capable of introducing a high-tech revolution and even influencing our daily lives. Surpassing bifurcation and instability yields unprecedented deformational capabilities and going beyond the concept of the elastic potential leads to materials capable of absorbing energy from the environment in a closed cycle of deformation and releasing it upon request. The road to this new paradigm is the fusion of the concepts of structural mechanics with the principles of solid mechanics, both brought to the highly nonlinear realm of extreme deformation. This opens virgin territory, left unexplored since the 100-years-old definition of the elastic potential, which has been treated until now as inviolable dogma. But structural engineers know structures capable of harvesting energy from the wind or becoming dynamically unstable when subject to follower loads, so that the implantation of these structural concepts in microscale form into a macroscopic solid leads to the creation of materials surpassing the concept of elastic potential and opening new horizons in the design of new materials. Our recent work exhibited that a purely elastic and conservative system can experience flutter instability. This strongly implies that an elastic solid can be devised that will exhibit this instability and violates hyper-elasticity. Implementing these concepts at the microscale (with elements generating microscopic interactions to suck/deliver energy from/to external sources) leads to architected materials which may harvest energy, or release it to move a mechanism, or propagate a signal with amplification, or suffer a Hopf bifurcation and self-oscillate at designed frequency. This is an unexplored field where we expect applications in metamaterials, locomotion devices, wearable technologies, sensors, or interacting devices for use in everyday life and medical applications.

Mots-clés : solid mechanics structural mechanics elasticity theory architected materials
Projet ERC : NOTCOM (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Texts and Concepts
Entité participante : École normale supérieure de Lyon — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : ENS de Lyon
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 43402.5 €

NOTCOM is a philosophical study of common notions, collective inquiry, and dissemination strategies in seventeenth-century natural science, with special focus on the role of so-called “common notions.” Using a ground-breaking transversal methodology, it studies: (1) epistemological models of consensus as they emerged from early modern controversies in logic, rhetoric, moral philosophy, theology and law, and how they were re-deployed within natural philosophy; (2) methods of collective inquiry in early modern natural philosophy; (3) the role of consensus models and methods of collective inquiry in the public dissemination of early modern natural philosophy; (4) the actuality of early modern consensus models and methods of collective inquiry in relation to current philosophy of science and science communication studies. Early modern collective scientific practices have, over the last half century, provided a rich field of study for the sociology and history of philosophy of science. Little attention has, however, been paid to the role that epistemological models of consensus played for the methods governing those practices. Yet the period produced a wealth of such models, often in the context of doctrines of common notions, which informed natural philosophical methods of collective inquiry in myriad ways. These methods were moreover inextricably wound up with complex strategies for the broader public dissemination of science. Some of these, models, methods, and dissemination strategies still have purchase today. More importantly, however, writing their history offers a narrative about philosophy, science, and society with a didactic potential that merits exploration. Combining these four dimensions—consensus models, collective methods, dissemination strategies, and actuality—NOTCOM thus explores the historical background to the current notion of “scientific consensus” and the contemporary uses of writing this history.

Mots-clés : common notion,scientific consensus,universal consent,early modern philosophy,history of philosophy of science,natural philosophy,scientific societies,scientific controversy,science communication
Projet ERC : DEEP-SEE (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth System Science
Entité participante : École normale supérieure de Lyon — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : ENS de Lyon
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 512500.0 €

Rare earth elements (REE) and transition and post-transition metals (TM) are essential to modern life, yet we know little about how they concentrate at Earth’s surface, especially on the seafloor, which holds vast reserves. The DEEP-SEE project will shift paradigms on marine metal deposits from chemical composition and resource inventories to a holistic view based on atomic-scale observations and modeling. This research will determine geochemical processes that give rise to some of the highest metal partitionings in supergene ores. First, crystal chemistry of 3+ REE in biogenic vs. authigenic sedimentary apatite is proposed as a new proxy for the paleoceanographic enrichment setting with the potential to become an indicator for future exploration sites. Second, crystal chemistry of 3+ REE will elucidate the scavenging history of Fe-Mn crusts and corresponding evolution of seawater REE as recorded in growth layers over millions of years. Third, investigation of the redox chemistry and mineralogy of Fe-Mn crusts and nodules will explain how the redox-sensitive metals Co, Ce, Tl, and Pt are enriched from 109 to 106 times relative to seawater. To date, these processes have been impossible to interrogate because of analytical challenges posed by the multi-elemental composition and mineralogical heterogeneity of seafloor deposits. A promising approach for tackling these challenges is new micro-X-ray emission spectroscopy using a unique high-luminosity compact XES spectrometer at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. Installation of the spectrometer on a microfocus beamline under construction on the new 4th generation ESRF X-ray source will provide a momentous gain of at least 100 in detection limit and unprecedented sensitivity and precision in the analysis of REE and TM. More broadly, the research will show how new knowledge about Earth processes can be obtained with a fresh look at individual trace elements previously inaccessible by crystal chemical study.
Projet ERC : NanoAtom (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental Constituents of Matter
Entité participante : Sorbonne Université — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Sorbonne U
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2211250.0 €

The coupling of cold atoms to nanophotonic devices has recently opened a variety of novel opportunities for controlling light-matter interactions. Tailored dispersion relations offer unique features beyond conventional settings. In particular, photonic-crystal waveguides enable tight transverse confinement of the propagating light, strong atom-photon coupling in single pass and tunable long-range atom-atom interactions. While this research area is extensively studied theoretically, experimental progress has been much more modest. This project aims at turning the emerging neutral-atom waveguide-QED paradigm into a mature field.  The primary challenge will be to develop a versatile apparatus where ensembles of cold atoms can be trapped in the proximity of slow-mode photonic-crystal waveguides, using a specific material, original structure designs and novel atom-delivery techniques. The main project objectives are then threefold:  - The demonstration of deterministic photon-photon interaction in a lossless single-pass configuration and its application to efficient quantum state engineering - The realization of multiphoton-state engineering via atomic entangled states and subradiant and superradiant dynamics. - The exploration of a novel “bandgap physics” uniquely accessible with the developed photonic-crystal platform for strong atom-atom and photon-photon interactions.  The successful realization of the project based upon the interdisciplinary interface of cold atoms and nanoscale waveguides could elevate this approach to a new route for strongly interacting photons and atoms, with unique possibilities for integrated quantum technologies, quantum non-linear optics as well as for many-body quantum physics.

Mots-clés : waveguide qed,quantum non linear optics,cold atoms,atomic ensembles,quantum nanophotonics
Projet ERC : DEEP-SEE (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth System Science
Entité participante : European synchrotron radiation facility — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ESRF
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1815518.5 €

Rare earth elements (REE) and transition and post-transition metals (TM) are essential to modern life, yet we know little about how they concentrate at Earth’s surface, especially on the seafloor, which holds vast reserves. The DEEP-SEE project will shift paradigms on marine metal deposits from chemical composition and resource inventories to a holistic view based on atomic-scale observations and modeling. This research will determine geochemical processes that give rise to some of the highest metal partitionings in supergene ores. First, crystal chemistry of 3+ REE in biogenic vs. authigenic sedimentary apatite is proposed as a new proxy for the paleoceanographic enrichment setting with the potential to become an indicator for future exploration sites. Second, crystal chemistry of 3+ REE will elucidate the scavenging history of Fe-Mn crusts and corresponding evolution of seawater REE as recorded in growth layers over millions of years. Third, investigation of the redox chemistry and mineralogy of Fe-Mn crusts and nodules will explain how the redox-sensitive metals Co, Ce, Tl, and Pt are enriched from 109 to 106 times relative to seawater. To date, these processes have been impossible to interrogate because of analytical challenges posed by the multi-elemental composition and mineralogical heterogeneity of seafloor deposits. A promising approach for tackling these challenges is new micro-X-ray emission spectroscopy using a unique high-luminosity compact XES spectrometer at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. Installation of the spectrometer on a microfocus beamline under construction on the new 4th generation ESRF X-ray source will provide a momentous gain of at least 100 in detection limit and unprecedented sensitivity and precision in the analysis of REE and TM. More broadly, the research will show how new knowledge about Earth processes can be obtained with a fresh look at individual trace elements previously inaccessible by crystal chemical study.
Projet ERC : TROJAN (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Immunity, Infection and I mmunotherapy
Entité participante : Institut de recherche pour le développement — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : IRD
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2499923.75 €

Parasites have evolved elaborate strategies that maximise their fitness. Central to these strategies is their interaction with the host immune system, for instance with immune receptors which mediate pathogen recognition or immune tolerance. Human malaria parasites encode a family of ~200 rifins, some of which are molecular mimics of human self-identifying proteins and that bind tolerance-inducing receptors. However, very few host targets of rifin proteins are known. Our data suggests that the family at large may form an elaborate repertoire of immunomodulatory effectors. We postulate that rifins are deployed to manipulate host immunity in order to facilitate parasite persistence in its host. We further hypothesise that this immune regulation is underpinned by a complex specificity code and a distinct bet-hedging expression program. In the Trojan project, we will investigate and contextualise immunomodulation by malaria parasites in the arms race between the parasite and its host. Firstly, given the sequence diversity of rifins, we will optimise a method to measure gene expression without the need for a reference genome on a single cell level. We will then deploy this tool to understand how expression of rifins is associated with malaria symptoms and persistence in long-term natural infections. Secondly, we will decipher the range of immune targets of rifins as well as the rifin-specificity code and use lineage tracing to understand how diverse immunomodulatory expression patterns arise. Finally, we will seek to understand how malaria-infected individuals respond to immunomodulation by interfering with rifin-receptor interactions. Altogether we will reveal how pathogen molecular mimicry and manipulation is central to their success. This study will transform our understanding of fundamental aspects of parasite biology as well as immune homeostasis and could provide new tools in the continuing fight against malaria.

Mots-clés : malaria,immunomodulation,mimicry,self recognition,persistence,bet hedging