Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : WE (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : University of Copenhagen — Pays : Danemark — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UCPH
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2495406.0 €

What does it mean to feel, think, and act as part of a we? During the last few decades, the topic of collective intentionality or we-intentionality has been much debated. However, the following foundational issues continue to remain underexplored and unresolved: • How is the we related to the self? • What does the fact that one can adopt a we-perspective tell us about the fluid character of selfhood? • What type of social cognition is required in order to identify with and share a perspective with others? • What kinds of interpersonal relations are at play in different we-formations? • What is the relation between a transient we and a persisting we, and between a we that connects particular individuals who are known to each other, and a we that involves identification with a more anonymous and impersonal group? The working hypothesis of WE is that a systematic account of the we must be embedded in a more comprehensive investigation of selfhood and social cognition. This hypothesis draws inspiration from and will engage with seminal contributions by figures in classical phenomenology. The project will combine systematic theorizing with historical scholarship, and will challenge existing disciplinary boundaries by interweaving work on self-identity, social cognition, and collective intentionality. It will break new theoretical ground by developing a systematically convincing, phenomenologically valid, and empirically relevant account of the complex interrelation between the we, the you, and the I. In doing so, it will offer a clarification of foundational issues in the humanities and social sciences, and facilitate a much-needed cross fertilization between philosophy and theoretical considerations in the social sciences. Given the recent upsurge of ethno-nationalism and identity thinking, a renewed critical reflection on the ontological and epistemological status of the we is of urgent societal significance.

Mots-clés : phenomenology,selfhood,second person engagement,collective intentionality,we identity
Projet ERC : HETERO (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : University of London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : U. London
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 746048.0 €

What does mean to be heterosexual? How do you know if you are heterosexual? Though much research has investigated what it means to be *homosexual* very little empirical research has investigated the meaning of heterosexuality. Furthermore, most people who consider themselves heterosexual have never given this question much thought. However, a number of recent, tragic events (e.g., the murder of Gwen Araujo and the deadly attack by Omar Mateen) show that our perceptions of heterosexuality can have profound ramifications for our self-image and our treatment of transgender individuals, gay men and lesbians. My prior research has pointed to two lay models of heterosexuality that can have important consequences for anti-LGBT prejudice – a model of heterosexuality as a form of biological-purity and a model of heterosexuality as a form of moral purity. Across 14 studies (4 large-scale, representative surveys in multiple countries, and 10 lab-based genuine experiments), this proposed research will verify the biological-purity and moral-purity models of heterosexuality, identify the predictors and associated consequences of these models (Studies 1 – 4), investigate the consequences of the biological-purity model for anti-transgender prejudice (Studies 5 – 7), investigate the consequences of the moral-purity model for anti-gay prejudice (Studies 8 – 12), and investigate whether and how individuals strategically adopt or abandon these models to preserve their values and self-image (Studies 13 – 14). Together, these studies will add meaningfully to our theoretical understanding of sexual orientation and some of the causes of anti-gay and anti-transgender prejudice. On a practical level, they will point to new ways of combating anti-LGBT prejudice, even in some of the most severely prejudiced societies, and have implications for a number of real-world issues such as legal protection and gay conversion therapy.

Mots-clés : social psychology,sexual orientation,heterosexuality,prejudice,transgender,lesbian
Projet ERC : A-LIFE (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Physical and analytical chemical sciences
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1500000.0 €

What is responsible for the emergence of homochirality, the almost exclusive use of one enantiomer over its mirror image? And what led to the evolution of life’s homochiral biopolymers, DNA/RNA, proteins and lipids, where all the constituent monomers exhibit the same handedness? Based on in-situ observations and laboratory studies, we propose that this handedness occurs when chiral biomolecules are synthesized asymmetrically through interaction with circularly polarized photons in interstellar space. The ultimate goal of this project will be to demonstrate how the diverse set of heterogeneous enantioenriched molecules, available from meteoritic impact, assembles into homochiral pre-biopolymers, by simulating the evolutionary stages on early Earth. My recent research has shown that the central chiral unit of RNA, ribose, forms readily under simulated comet conditions and this has provided valuable new insights into the accessibility of precursors of genetic material in interstellar environments. The significance of this project arises due to the current lack of experimental demonstration that amino acids, sugars and lipids can simultaneously and asymmetrically be synthesized by a universal physical selection process. A synergistic methodology will be developed to build a unified theory for the origin of all chiral biological building blocks and their assembly into homochiral supramolecular entities. For the first time, advanced analyses of astrophysical-relevant samples, asymmetric photochemistry triggered by circularly polarized synchrotron and laser sources, and chiral amplification due to polymerization processes will be combined. Intermediates and autocatalytic reaction kinetics will be monitored and supported by quantum calculations to understand the underlying processes. A unified theory on the asymmetric formation and self-assembly of life’s biopolymers is groundbreaking and will impact the whole conceptual foundation of the origin of life.

Mots-clés : chirality,origin of life,circularly polarized light,multidimensional chromatography,circular dichroism
Projet ERC : SENSE (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental constituents of matter
Entité participante : Technical University of Munich — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TUM
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 978564.0 €

What is the nature of Dark Matter? What is the origin of the neutrino mass? These are two of the most compelling mysteries, physics is facing today. Despite its tremendous success, the Standard Model of Particle Physics does not provide an answer to these questions. Since the Nobel-prize awarded discovery of the neutrino oscillations, which proofs that neutrinos have a mass, the existence of right-handed partners to the known left-handed neutrinos is a basic assumption. This minimal extension of the Standard Model provides a natural mechanism to generate neutrino masses and can lead to the existence of new types of neutrinos, so-called sterile neutrinos. With a mass in the kilo-electron-volt (keV) regime, sterile neutrinos are a prime dark matter candidate. This dark matter type is especially appealing as it can act as warm dark matter, the existence of which would mitigate problems in our understanding of large-scale structures in the cosmos. The existence of sterile neutrinos with a mass in the eV-volt (eV) regime can resolve puzzling experimental anomalies observed in short-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments. With SENSE, I aim to probe the existence of eV – keV sterile neutrino in a laboratory-based experiment with world-leading sensitivity. A unique way to perform this search is via high-precision beta spectroscopy. The novel idea of SENSE is to develop a beyond-the-state-of-the-art Silicon-Drift-Detector system, which, combined with the large-scale Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (Katrin) experiment, will open the window to sterile neutrino signals not accessible elsewhere. My role as analysis coordinator of the Katrin experiment and the expertise in semi-conductor detector technology of my independent Max-Planck-Research group put me in the ideal position to conduct this ambitious research project. The discovery of sterile neutrinos would be a breakthrough in science with far-reaching consequences for our understanding of matter and the universe.

Mots-clés : neutrinos,sterile neutrinos,neutrino mass,dark matter,single beta decay
Projet ERC : Neurolive (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : University of London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : U. London
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 71002.5 €

What makes live experiences special? Liveness is not just central to the performing arts, but to political rallies, sporting events, virtual reality and distance learning in higher education. NEUROLIVE is an inherently interdisciplinary research project, that combines theoretical concepts from theatre and performance studies, artistic research in performance making, psychological experimentation and mobile neuroimaging to understand how liveness is generated and experienced. NEUROLIVE proposes that the live experience can be conceptualized and quantified as a form of sustained entrainment, in which the minds, brains and bodies of performers and spectators are linked. Across three research streams we will combine artistic research (I) and cognitive neuroscience (II) to delineate the contextual, experiential and neurocognitive components of liveness, resulting in four live performance experiments (III). These live performances will be co-developed by performing artists and cognitive scientists with a view to establish an empirically testable, ecologically valid, multidimensional measure of liveness. NEUROLIVE combines dynamic experience sampling with psychophysiology, and mobile EEG. Advanced modelling techniques from machine learning will be used to integrate information from the different experiential, physiological and neural signals. This new measure will be grounded in the aesthetic principles of contemporary live performance, yet should be applicable across artistic and non-artistic performance situations, and to digital liveness in augmented and mixed realities. In this way, NEUROLIVE implements a conceptually and methodologically novel approach to understanding what makes live experiences special.
Projet ERC : MAGALOPS (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Universe sciences
Entité participante : Radboud University Nijmegen — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2000000.0 €

What makes our Galaxy’s ecosystem so fascinating is the complex interactions between its components: stars, gas, dust, magnetic fields, and cosmic rays. Of these components, the Galactic magnetic field (GMF) may well be the most enigmatic. Only partially observable through indirect means, its study relies heavily on modeling, almost exclusively using line-of-sight integrated radio-polarimetric data. Although much has been learned, many questions are still unanswered especially about the turbulent, small-scale field component and out-of-plane field. The crucial innovations proposed here are large independent data sets with 3D (distance) information – which can only be provided by stars polarized due to differential absorption by interstellar dust, with known distances – and more advanced Bayesian statistics which allows including prior knowledge and enables quantitative model comparison. I propose to use 2 new polarization surveys in the V (visual) band, resulting in polarimetry of millions of stars across the southern sky. With distance information provided by the GAIA satellite, this improves the current data situation by 3 orders of magnitude. We will test GMF models against all available data, employing a Bayesian inference software package which we are developing. In the process, we will produce the first 3D all-sky (out to absorption limits) dust distribution consistent with both UV/optical/near IR absorption and optical polarization. This research will result in a next-generation GMF model that includes all observational GMF tracers and can use informative priors. It will allow mapping out interstellar magnetized turbulence in the Galaxy, instead of providing averaged parameters only, and understanding the interplay between the local GMF, gas and dust. Its legacy is a 1000x increased stellar polarization catalog, an all-sky 3D dust model, a bayesian sampler for GMF models, and a superior GMF model for use in cosmic ray modeling or foreground subtraction.

Mots-clés : galactic magnetic fields
Projet ERC : ADaPTIVE (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth system science
Entité participante : University of London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : U. London
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 801463.77 €

What processes shape vertebrate diversity through deep time? Approaches to this question can focus on many different factors, from life history and ecology to large-scale environmental change and extinction. To date, the majority of studies on the evolution of vertebrate diversity have focused on relatively simple metrics, specifically taxon counts or univariate measures, such as body size. However, multivariate morphological data provides a more complete picture of evolutionary and palaeoecological change. Morphological data can also bridge deep-time palaeobiological analyses with studies of the genetic and developmental factors that shape variation and must also influence large-scale patterns of evolutionary change. Thus, accurately reconstructing the patterns and processes underlying evolution requires an approach that can fully represent an organism’s phenome, the sum total of their observable traits. Recent advances in imaging and data analysis allow large-scale study of phenomic evolution. In this project, I propose to quantitatively analyse the deep-time evolutionary diversity of tetrapods (amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals). Specifically, I will apply and extend new imaging, morphometric, and analytical tools to construct a multivariate phenomic dataset for living and extinct tetrapods from 3-D scans. I will use these data to rigorously compare extinction selectivity, timing, pace, and shape of adaptive radiations, and ecomorphological response to large-scale climatic shifts across all tetrapod clades. To do so, I will quantify morphological diversity (disparity) and rates of evolution spanning over 300 million years of tetrapod history. I will further analyse the evolution of phenotypic integration by quantifying not just the traits themselves, but changes in the relationships among traits, which reflect the genetic, developmental, and functional interactions that shape variation, the raw material for natural selection.

Mots-clés : palaeobiology,morphological evolution,phenomics,biodiversity,mass extinction,radiations
Projet ERC : ADaPTIVE (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth system science
Entité participante : Natural History Museum — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Organismes publics (hors enseignement & recherche)
Financement ERC de l'entité : 681354.23 €

What processes shape vertebrate diversity through deep time? Approaches to this question can focus on many different factors, from life history and ecology to large-scale environmental change and extinction. To date, the majority of studies on the evolution of vertebrate diversity have focused on relatively simple metrics, specifically taxon counts or univariate measures, such as body size. However, multivariate morphological data provides a more complete picture of evolutionary and palaeoecological change. Morphological data can also bridge deep-time palaeobiological analyses with studies of the genetic and developmental factors that shape variation and must also influence large-scale patterns of evolutionary change. Thus, accurately reconstructing the patterns and processes underlying evolution requires an approach that can fully represent an organism’s phenome, the sum total of their observable traits. Recent advances in imaging and data analysis allow large-scale study of phenomic evolution. In this project, I propose to quantitatively analyse the deep-time evolutionary diversity of tetrapods (amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals). Specifically, I will apply and extend new imaging, morphometric, and analytical tools to construct a multivariate phenomic dataset for living and extinct tetrapods from 3-D scans. I will use these data to rigorously compare extinction selectivity, timing, pace, and shape of adaptive radiations, and ecomorphological response to large-scale climatic shifts across all tetrapod clades. To do so, I will quantify morphological diversity (disparity) and rates of evolution spanning over 300 million years of tetrapod history. I will further analyse the evolution of phenotypic integration by quantifying not just the traits themselves, but changes in the relationships among traits, which reflect the genetic, developmental, and functional interactions that shape variation, the raw material for natural selection.

Mots-clés : palaeobiology,morphological evolution,phenomics,biodiversity,mass extinction,radiations
Projet ERC : GLOBAL-HOT (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : Technical University of Darmstadt — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2499789.0 €

What role did technology play in the age of colonization and globalization? The proposed project, A Global History of Technology, 1850-2000 (GLOBAL-HOT), explores this vital question. Traditional histories written about this period usually trace the wide circulation of mainstream technologies—from railways and telegraphs to container ships and mobile phones. The standard narrative claims these technologies supported colonialism and later triggered globalization—the growing uniformity and homogenization of lifestyles and practices worldwide. GLOBAL-HOT challenges this linear view of technology and globalization. Another feature of traditional histories is their focus on the Global North—Europe and North America. A Global History of Technology counterbalances this focus by expanding the research to include the long-neglected Global South: Asia, Africa, and Latin America. By analyzing these continents’ artifacts, infrastructures, and practices—whether indigenous, imported, or hybrid—we will revise standard accounts of users in the Global South as passive recipients of artifacts and consumer goods. The GLOBAL-HOT project team seeks to support three key hypotheses: 1. Technologies circulated between the Global North and the Global South. Artifacts and material systems did not flow in one direction only: from North to South, e.g., from Europe to the rest of the world. 2. The development and use of technologies took on a variety of forms—not a single, “globalized” form—in various parts of the world. 3. The local appropriation of globally circulating artifacts and technical solutions was primarily a highly specific and often contested process. The overarching goal of the project is to increase our understanding of the relationship between the development and use of technologies—whether for construction or harvesting, transportation or cooking, for example—in Europe and the rest of the world. Thus, we can better grasp the realities of global technologies.
Projet ERC : GEODAP (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : Ca' Foscari University of Venice — Pays : Italie — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 80000.0 €

What was daily life like in the European Bronze Age? In contrast to large-scale narratives based on artefacts, often prestige items from funerary contexts, this project focuses on the practices of daily domestic life, recorded in the sediments upon which it took place. These constitute the domestic stratigraphic record. This project, therefore, shifts the scale and the object of archaeological investigation, and aims at bringing interdisciplinary scientific analyses into dialogue with anthropological understandings of lifeways and households. Its main objective is the formulation of an innovative narrative of the Bronze Age addressing social, economic, and environmental aspects of a culturally interconnected region of Europe. The daily practices and life histories of bronze age people will be the pixels of this new picture that challenges previous depersonalized narratives relying on material culture. The region between the Carpatho-Danubian basin, the Balkans, and northern Italy was selected due to its important cultural interactions during the Bronze Age. Ten key archaeological sites in six European countries constitute the project’s database. Its innovative interdisciplinary approach integrates geoarchaeology (micro-stratigraphic analysis), organic chemistry (biomarkers) and archaeo-botany (phytoliths, seeds, fruits, and charcoal) to reconstruct with unprecedented accuracy the daily practices from domestic stratigraphy. This information will be compared with the story told by material culture and integrated with local paleo-environmental records. The project, in fact, challenges also previous reconstructions that called in environmental mega-events (volcanic eruptions, glacial advances, aridity events) to aprioristically explain broad cultural phenomena of the Bronze Age. Their inherent complexity can only be faced by crystallizing detailed micro-histories and site-specific environmental reconstructions into a broader synthesis based on hard scientific data.

Mots-clés : geoarchaeology,bronze age europe,paleo environment,soil micromorphology,household archaeology