Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : DynaMMO (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and Processes Engineering
Entité participante : Université de technologie de Darmstadt — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1639797.07 €

For a sustainable future highly active, selective andFor a sustainable future highly active, selective and stable catalyst are of utmost importance for the chemical industry. The conventional steady-state operation of catalytic reactors reaches its limit. This project opens up new perspectives on the opportunities of tailored oxide surfaces. We aim to develop a dynamic responsive catalysts (DRC) that change their surface structure dependent on the oxidizing or reductive character of the reactant mixture. Combined with oscillation between reducing and oxidizing atmosphere in forced periodic operation (FPO) our concept opens unprecedented opportunities for surface engineering: At low reduction degree, the DRC-FPO concept allows activation and net stabilization of active/selective metastable sites that are thermodynamically not accessible under conventional steady-state operation. Furthermore, at high reduction degrees, the DRC-FPO concept enables reversible formation of highly dispersed active nanoparticles out of the mixed metal oxide host structure. Upon oxidative treatment, the atoms of nanoparticles can reintegrate into the host structure at ultimate dispersion. This is a unique way to overcome irreversible catalyst deactivation by nanoparticle sintering. With our expertize on mixed metal oxides based like spinels and perovskites we will enable the DRC functionality by compositional tailoring and resolve general trends. To leverage the full potential of this approach, we aim to explore all relevant effects in four future relevant demonstrator reactions at low and high temperatures as well as oxidizing and reductive environment by a combination of synthetic, analytic, reaction engineering and operando characterization methodologies. The acquired basic knowledge and proven feasibility of the DRC-FPO concept opens a paradigm-shift in the operation of catalysts. It generates ground-breaking ways to create defined active surface sites and avoid catalyst deactivation.

Mots-clés : sustainability energy efficiency circular economy overcmoming deactivation mixed metal oxides novel concepts for catalysis
Projet ERC : DEMIG (Horizon Europe, appel 2025, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Université Sabancı — Pays : Turquie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : SÜ
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499812.0 €

The emerging paradox between widespread support for liberal democracy and rising anti-immigrant attitudes across Europe and the Middle East presents a critical challenge to democratic governance. This contradiction threatens core democratic values, as societies that advocate equal rights simultaneously adopt exclusionary attitudes. The Democracy-Migration Paradox (DEMIG) project investigates this complex relationship, exploring how negative attitudes toward immigrants can coexist with, and potentially undermine, democratic principles.  DEMIG’s strength lies in its integration of frontier theoretical research and cutting-edge methodological innovation. Theoretically, DEMIG examines how anti-immigrant attitudes intersect with democratic values, exploring whether exclusionary attitudes lead to selective adherence to democratic principles, where citizens uphold ideals in theory but resist applying them to specific groups. This sheds light on the tension between democratic ideals and exclusionary practices, offering deeper insights into the ongoing crisis of democracy.  Methodologically, DEMIG distinguishes itself through AI-assisted survey techniques and longitudinal surveys with embedded experiments to measure attitudes toward immigrants and democracy across diverse contexts. DEMIG will develop an AI model that generates precise, bias-resistant survey questions, advancing survey implementation and an experimental panel study. By minimizing social desirability bias and improving survey quality, DEMIG sets new standards in survey research, providing accurate measurements of how immigrant attitudes interact with democratic attachment.  Insights from DEMIG will help policymakers craft inclusive migration policies, while its methodological breakthroughs will provide lasting resources for future research on migration and democracy. By advancing new approaches and addressing an urgent issue, DEMIG will make a transformative impact in both political science and survey methods.

Mots-clés : democratic attachment,anti immigrant attitudes,democratic erosion,ai in survey research,experiments,social desirability bias
Projet ERC : DALOSS (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Soci al World and Its Interactions
Entité participante : Université de Copenhague — Pays : Danemark — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : KU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1491083.0 €

The objective of Data Loss: the politics of disappearance, destruction, dispossession in digital societies (DALOSS) is to empirically demonstrate data loss as an integral dynamic within the current turn to digitization and big data, with deep-seated societal and political implications for the ongoing development of digital information ecologies. DALOSS examines data loss across three archival regimes – the internet, European bureaucracies, and social media platforms. It provides the first systematic study of data loss, offering novel and important insights for the future of European data politics.  This project employs an original methodology combining ethnographic and digital methods, including digital forensics, counter-archiving and linkrot scoping. On this basis, DALOSS pioneers a new interdisciplinary approach, which brings together different tracks of theory within Critical Data Studies and Critical Archival Studies. This approach enables distinct but mutually interconnected dynamics of data loss – disappearance, destruction and dispossession – to be studied within a common analytical-theoretical framework. The analysis will offer unique insights into data loss as part of ongoing digitization and datafication processes, and the political, social and infrastructural implications of this phenomenon.  The breakthrough potential of DALOSS is two-fold. By shifting the focus in big data discourses from accumulation to loss, this project establishes an entirely new and societally important research agenda of general relevance to scholars working on big data within the humanities and social sciences. Second, by situating data loss within the broader intellectual histories of loss and technology, the project develops a theoretical apparatus for understanding data loss not merely as technical challenges, but also as a fundamental cultural and political condition.

Mots-clés : big data,cultural heritage,cultural memory,social memory,data politics,knowledge infrastructures,data justice,cultural theory,datafication,loss,destruction,dispossession,deletion,internet history,data capitalism,deaccessioning
Projet ERC : TranscriptStress (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Integrative B iology : from Genes and Genomes to S ystems
Entité participante : Université de Copenhague — Pays : Danemark — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : KU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1500000.0 €

Environmental stress triggers a cellular response to promote adaptation and survival, typically through activation of stress genes. What is less appreciated is that various types of cellular stress at the same time induce widespread transcriptional repression at most other genes. Although such transcriptional reprogramming is common to various kinds of cellular stress, recent evidence suggests it is governed by different stress-specific mechanisms. A brief exposure to oxidative stress leads to a rapid and transient global repression of transcription. However, our current knowledge about the oxidative stress response is extremely limited. Based on our preliminary results, I hypothesise that the transcriptional response to oxidative stress involves both regulation of transcription elongation as well as termination and that these are connected to post-translational modifications of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) itself. Here, I propose an ambitious approach to investigate the transcriptome-wide oxidative stress response in human cells and following physiologically induced oxidative stress in mice. To this end, we will use a combination of state-of-the art sequencing techniques coupled with time-resolved proteomics and a novel screening approach. Together, our work will provide important new knowledge about the transcriptional response to oxidative stress and the factors involved – in an area that is currently not well understood. Such knowledge is also crucial to understand the fundamental mechanisms allowing RNAPII to stop transcribing and restart again. Finally, we will investigate how factors involved in the transcriptional response influence transcription-associated genome instability and neuronal cell identity. This will be relevant for diseases in which oxidative stress has been implicated, such as neurological disorders and cancer.

Mots-clés : transcription,nascent transcription,rna polymerase ii,transcriptional elongation and termination,rnapii phosphorylation,co transcriptional processing,tt seq,stress response
Projet ERC : QInteract (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer Science and Informatics
Entité participante : Université de Copenhague — Pays : Danemark — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : KU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1500000.0 €

We are approaching an era where the capabilities of quantum hardware begin to meet the requirements of theoretical quantum protocols. Such times give new urgency to the Central Challenge of the theory of quantum information processing: For which tasks do quantum devices hold an advantage over their conventional counterparts?  My proposal addresses this challenge in the context of information processing with interacting parties, which is the natural setting for problems in cryptography, communication, and distributed computing. We take a two-pronged approach with each prong addressing an essential facet of interactive information processing while sharing a common focus on efficiency. A desired impact is to kick-start a new pragmatic trend that focuses on efficiency in areas where the main goal so far has been an information-theoretic understanding of ultimate quantum capabilities.  The first work package deals with the uniquely quantum resource of entanglement which is responsible for most quantum advantages in multi-party settings. We will propose new tools (e.g. entanglement-preserving reductions) that will allow us to systematically identify scenarios where the generally elusive quantum advantages can be detected and realized efficiently. We will also address major outstanding challenges like the Parallel Repetition question and finding a simple task capable of distinguishing two competing models of entanglement. The latter is our most ambitious goal which would provide an alternative proof for Connes' Embedding Problem and lay theory groundwork for an experiment capable of identifying the right mathematical description of reality.  The second work package will leverage Schur-Weyl duality to devise efficient algorithms for symmetric problems with quantum input. We will put forth new error reduction algorithms for black-box devices (e.g. quantum majority vote) and propose highly efficient explicit quantum circuits for key subroutines like quantum Schur sampling.

Mots-clés : entanglement,nonlocal games,quantum schur transform,connes embedding problem
Projet ERC : QUIDS (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Environmental B iology, Ecology  and E volution
Entité participante : Université de Copenhague — Pays : Danemark — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : KU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1491174.0 €

Palaeogenomics has revolutionised our understanding of human population history at the biological and sociocultural level by analysing thousands of ancient human genomes sequenced from skeletal remains. Unfortunately, this approach requires destructive sampling of the skeletal remains, and thus can often be in conflict with the values of descendant communities and national heritage conservation policies. Although alternative sources of ancient human DNA have been sought, their utilisation requires prohibitive sequencing data volumes, or they are rare in the archaeological record, thus precluding large-scale studies. To circumvent these limitations, we will use a novel DNA source: ancient quids. Quids are wads of masticated plant fibres recovered from archaeological sites. Analogous to a buccal swab, an ancient quid contains traces of the chewer's, their oral microbiome's and the chewer's meals' DNA, as well as that of the plants used for its elaboration. Therefore, quid DNA can be used to simultaneously track human population history, dietary and microbiome shifts, pathogen prevalence and their interplay through time. We will use quid DNA to reconstruct the evolutionary history of the Indigenous peoples from the Americas, a continent where human evolutionary history is understudied, skeletal remains are rare, and the destructive sampling of such remains is often limited. In contrast to skeletal remains, quids are abundant in the American archaeological record and span from the Late Pleistocene to the Holocene and recent centuries. Through ancient quid DNA, we will reconstruct the genomic history of Indigenous Americans, their past lifeways and subsistence strategies, their health, and how these influenced each other throughout the three major historical transitions in the continent: the initial rapid peopling by hunter-gatherers, the emergence of complex agricultural societies and their demise during European colonisation.

Mots-clés : ancient dna palaeogenomics human population genetics cultural evolution peopling of the americas
Projet ERC : STAMP (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Environmental B iology, Ecology  and E volution
Entité participante : Université de Copenhague — Pays : Danemark — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : KU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1498735.0 €

Radical changes in the Earth’s biome as a consequence of climate change will fundamentally affect human society and its relation to the natural world. How can we best model species dynamics, to make predictions for the future? What are the main drivers underlying these dynamics, and how are these changing as we enter the Anthropocene? A great compass for biotic changes we will see in coming decades is the study of changes the Earth has experienced before – from alterations in the distribution of terrestrial and marine mammals, to the dynamic changes in the range and connectivity of forests. There is now a wealth of historic and prehistoric records documenting these processes, including pollen and fossil records, ancient genomes and sedimentary DNA. Here, I propose a research programme called Spatiotemporal Analytical Modelling for Paleobiology (STAMP) to link these disparate types of paleobiological records with the methodological tools of spatiotemporal process analysis. I will focus on three empirical research areas: 1) reconstruction of megafauna species ranges across the late Pleistocene and Holocene; 2) reconstruction of boreal paleo-forest dynamics; 3) study of the historical resilience and mobility of arctic marine mammals. These empirical projects will be supported by two computational approaches to inference: one based on descriptive spatiotemporal modelling, and another based on dynamic simulation-based inference. STAMP will produce a new conceptual paradigm for thinking about paleobiological data and create a statistical methodology that will be widely applicable to palaeontologists, geneticists, paleo-botanists and ecologists worldwide. Ultimately, it will empower the next generation of paleo-scientists with powerful tools to use the living past as a spatial roadmap into the future.

Mots-clés : sedimentary dna,ancient dna,population genetics,spatiotemporal analysis,paleoecology,dynamic inference
Projet ERC : GEMINI (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Environmental B iology, Ecology  and E volution
Entité participante : Université de Copenhague — Pays : Danemark — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : KU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1497350.0 €

Miniaturisation—the evolution of such reduced body size that anatomy or ecology is substantially altered—has been a defining force in vertebrate evolution. These changes must have a genomic basis. My ambition with GEMINI is to characterise the interplay between organismal miniaturisation and the genome, and discover how morphological transformations can arise in these organisms. To do this, I will produce a new comparative genomic paradigm in Work Package 1 (WP1) comprising chromosome-level genomes from 20 sister-pairs of miniaturised and non-miniaturised species spanning subphylum Vertebrata. Of these 40 genomes, 23 will be newly generated using the latest sequencing technologies and annotation pipelines. I will apply a host of cutting-edge methods in comparative evolutionary genomics to identify genomic signatures of miniaturisation (WP2), and test hypotheses regarding the drivers and limiters of miniaturisation (WP3) on this paradigm. I will then integrate these findings with developmental approaches to establish if there is a common basis to a classic case of convergent, miniaturisation-induced anatomical change: digit loss in the smallest tetrapods, frogs (WP4). GEMINI will dramatically change our understanding of the evolution of miniaturisation. It will set the stage for larger-scale interrogation of the evolution of novelty in metazoans, and help us understand why being small is such a big deal.

Mots-clés : evolutionary genomics,comparative genomics,evo devo,miniaturisation,vertebrate zoology
Projet ERC : RISES (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Universe Sciences
Entité participante : Université de Copenhague — Pays : Danemark — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : KU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499478.0 €

Understanding how the first stars and galaxies formed and drove the Universe's final phase transition by re-ionizing intergalactic hydrogen is one of the long-standing goals of extragalactic astronomy. In the past two decades, we have discovered this ``Epoch of Reionization'' ended around one billion years after the Big Bang (redshift, z < 6), but the process is still poorly understood. We are currently undergoing a radical shift in our ability to observe this epoch with the new James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Early JWST observations have discovered a surprising excess of luminous z > 9 galaxies, implying stars may have formed differently in the early universe than we had previously expected. However, we can only observe the brightest galaxies directly. Enhanced star formation in the bulk of the early galaxy population should have produced an early start to reionization, but this is still very poorly constrained observationally. Excitingly, JWST finally enables us to chart reionization out to its earliest stages and infer the properties of the first stars.  In RISES, I propose to analyse groundbreaking new datasets I am accruing as PI on JWST with state-of-the-art statistical inference frameworks to connect observations of the bright galaxies visible with JWST to the evolution of the intergalactic medium.  The key aims of this proposal are to: (1) test what drove the enhancement of star formation in the first bright galaxies; (2) establish when reionization began, to infer whether star formation was enhanced in the bulk of early galaxies; and (3) understand how reionization proceeded by connecting galaxies to ionized regions for the first time.  These measurements will push the boundaries of our knowledge of structure formation in the early universe, and enable potential breakthroughs in our understanding of the formation of the first galaxies, the regulation of star formation at the highest redshifts and the evolution of the intergalactic medium.

Mots-clés : reionization,high redshift galaxies
Projet ERC : GIFNEQ (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer Science and Informatics
Entité participante : Université de Copenhague — Pays : Danemark — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : KU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1491741.0 €

The GIFNEQ project one of the major bottlenecks in quantum computing: noise, an umbrella term for various imperfections affecting the device. The initiative establishes a unified theoretical framework, focusing on two primary goals: developing scalable noise characterization techniques and crafting verifiable quantum algorithms resilient to substantial noise levels. A particular focus is placed on revolutionizing dissipative preparation schemes—a subset of quantum algorithms analogous to Metropolis sampling—aiming to make them a preferred state preparation method by creating noise-aware, verifiable algorithms requiring considerably less quantum error correction, a resource-intensive element in quantum computing.  Simultaneously, GIFNEQ endeavors to radically simplify and augment the reliability of the traditionally complex noise characterization process. It leans on recent breakthroughs in robust learning theory to discern and detail structured noise sources efficiently. Introducing protocols resilient to anomalies ensures robust and reliable learning of quantum noise. These objectives are intertwined by the requisite mathematical framework, heavily contingent upon quantum Gibbs states, a quantum extension of Markov random fields, with the project also seeking to obtain various mathematical statements related to these states.  GIFNEQ promises to be a watershed in quantum computing, targeting practical resolutions with profound theoretical insights and bridging domains like quantum information, computer science, and mathematical physics to pave the way for breakthroughs that reshape the effective utilization of quantum devices. As a seasoned expert in the field, with a wealth of knowledge on noise impact, characterization, and quantum dissipation in quantum computation, substantiated by publications in renowned journals such as Nature Physics or Nature Communications, I present a uniquely qualified leadership to steer this transformative project.

Mots-clés : quantum learning,concentration inequalities,dissipative preparation,near term quantum computing,quantum noise