Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : PEM-SPrint (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : Eindhoven University of Technology — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : TU/e
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 236625.0 €

The increasing miniaturization and integration of numerous components in electronic devices and the booming use of wireless technologies leads to an explosion in the amount of electromagnetic waves and resulting crosstalk. In addition, with the recent 5G mobile network, a major challenge is to enhance the range of the electromagnetic waves, which could be accomplished by suitable wave bending around obstacles. To make these upcoming technologies viable for the future, a novel class of materials is needed. These materials need to fulfil two major requirements namely processability into complex and customized shapes and local interactions with selected electromagnetic waves. The aim of this research is to develop polymeric multi-phasic electromagnetic metamaterials generated by a novel processing method, i.e. flow-induced structure printing. The novel method, featuring a complex static mixer in the nozzle of the printer, will make it possible to create 3-dimensional materials having substructures that are up to 100 times smaller than the dimension of the printer nozzle. By using polymeric materials with conductive and magnetic inclusions, 3D structures will be generated that allow to induce electromagnetic metamaterial responses such as wave bending or complete absorption. To enable these groundbreaking developments in material design and processing, fundamental understanding should be generated on the relations between microstructure and electromagnetic properties in 3D structured materials with conductive and magnetic inclusions combined with their flow-induced structure development. My extensive background in rheology, fluid mechanics, material design and equipment development will allow to tackle the diverse challenges in realizing these unique materials and processing method. The general design strategies and processing method will also enable to generate hierarchical materials for other high-end applications such as interdigitated batteries and solar cells.

Mots-clés : rheology,polymer,suspension,nanocomposite,processing,dielectric and magnetic properties
Projet ERC : INTERACT (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Bocconi University — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 969100.0 €

The increasingly multiethnic nature of modern societies has spurred academic interest in the consequences of diversity. Recent scholarship has linked ethnoracial diversity to undesirable collective outcomes, e.g., low levels of trust, civic engagement, and social capital. These findings have important policy implications, in part because they resonate with public anxieties about immigration, residential integration, and the role of the welfare state. The proposed research will investigate the micro-mechanisms through which contact promotes or impedes solidarity and cooperation in diverse communities. More generally, this research moves beyond communitarian conceptions of social capital to understand the building blocks of solidarity in contemporary, diverse societies. To investigate the micro-level dynamics that link intergroup contact to solidarity and cooperation, this project takes an innovative field-experimental approach, which moves beyond observational data. In particular, the project uses lab-in-the-field experimental games to assess the dispositional mechanisms – such as generalized altruism, group solidarity, reciprocity, and sanctioning – that bring about solidarity and cooperation in various group settings. This revised version of the proposal addresses all the panel observations and implements changes accordingly. First, I have limited the research to project 3 (P3), and cut projects 1 (P1) and 2 (P2). Second, the duration of the project has been reduced to 48 months. Third, all expenses related to P1 and P2 have been cut.

Mots-clés : field experiments,prosocial behavior,social capital,behavioral games
Projet ERC : SEIC (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth system science
Entité participante : Université Grenoble Alpes — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UGA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 392705.0 €

The initial conditions of the Earth and other terrestrial planets were set 4.5 Gy ago during their accretion from the solar nebula and their concomitant differentiation into an iron-rich core and a silicate mantle. Accretion in the solar system went through several different dynamical phases involving increasingly energetic and catastrophic impacts and collisions. The last phase of accretion, in which most of the Earth mass was accreted, involved extremely energetic collisions between already differentiated planetary embryos (1000 km size), which resulted in widespread melting and the formation of magma oceans in which metal and silicates segregated to form the core and mantle. Geochemical data provide critical information on the timing of accretion and the prevailing physical conditions, but it is far from a trivial task to interpret the geochemical data in terms of physical conditions and processes. I propose here a fluid dynamics oriented study of metal-silicate interactions and differentiation following planetary impacts, based in part on fluid dynamics laboratory experiments. The aim is to answer critical questions pertaining to the dynamics of metal-silicate segregation and interactions during each core-formation events, before developing parameterized models of metal-silicate mass and heat exchange, which will then be incorporated in geochemical models of the terrestrial planets formation and differentiation. The expected outcomes are a better understanding of the physics of metal-silicate segregation and core-mantle differentiation, as well as improved geochemical constraints on the timing and physical conditions of the terrestrial planets formation.
Projet ERC : ProDAP (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy
Entité participante : Technical University of Munich — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TUM
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2169555.0 €

The innate antiviral defense system is of central importance to protect from viral pathogens. Its ability to mitigate a detrimental outcome of an infectious event relies on interactions that happen between viral and host-derived proteins as well as on signalling cascades that regulate the cellular response. However, despite the importance of these interactions, the involved processes and proteins are not yet fully understood. We established state of the art mass spectrometry techniques and statistical modelling to characterise protein-protein interactions that are affected by viruses. We identified a class of proteins we name “viral affected proteins changing their interaction” (iVAPs). In addition, we established protein turnover rates of >6900 proteins in virus infected cells and identified a group of “viral affected proteins changing turnover rates” (tVAPs). tVAPs are regulated on basis of protein stabilisation, degradation or translation. Preliminary experiments show critical importance of iVAPs and tVAPs in antiviral immunity, suggesting functional similarities to Interferon stimulated genes (ISGs). Alike ISGs, VAPs therefore represent a critical component of the immune system. ProDAP will establish the function of iVAPs and tVAPs in the antiviral immune response. Systematic screens employing depletion and overexpression experiments, integration of these data in functional networks and mechanistic follow up studies will be performed. Already identified and new candidate proteins will be tested mechanistically for their immune-regulatory capacity and their influence on virus infections in vitro and in vivo. ProDAP will allow insights in yet unstudied modulators of host-pathogen interplay and will influence our current understanding of immune regulation in general. It is well established that ISGs are of central importance to defend virus infections and we hypothesize that VAPs may fulfil a similarly important protective function that has yet not been elucid
Projet ERC : iNANOVAC4CANCER (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Proof of concept grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : University of Helsinki — Pays : Finlande — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UH
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 150000.0 €

The innovation of the biohybrid and biodegradable nanovaccines to be taken to proof-of-concept lies in the combination of different parts of the nanovaccine. A biohybrid and biodegradable nanovaccine shows potential to: (i) enhance cancer treatment efficacy; (ii) to be universally applicable to all cancers, regardless of the tumour in question; (iii) prolonging the survival rate of cancer patients; (iv) increase the amount of complete tumor remissions; and (v) boost of tumor-specific immune responses. This will allow in the future towards a personalized patient cancer therapy/treatment. More importantly, the applicability of biohybrid and biodegradable nanovaccines extends beyond the cancer treatment, as it can be applied for other type of diseases.

Mots-clés : nanomedicine,nanoparticles,nanoplatform,nanovaccine,biodegradable,biocompatible,cancer,immunotherapy
Projet ERC : EGFRtoMITO (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Cellular, Developmental and Regenerative Biology
Entité participante : University of Milan — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UNIMI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 920062.5 €

The integration of distinct internalization routes is crucial to determine the fate of plasma membrane (PM) receptors and the output of their signalling pathways. Contact sites between cellular organelles adds a further layer of regulation by creating microdomains that favour different signalling and metabolic pathways. These regulatory mechanisms are relevant to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). We found that EGFR internalization through non-clathrin endocytosis (NCE) leads primarily to receptor degradation and signal extinction, while clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is mainly involved in EGFR recycling and sustaining signalling. Notably, internalization via NCE involves the formation of contact sites between the PM, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the mitochondria, where EGF-dependent localized Ca2+ signalling occurs. The founding hypothesis of this proposal is that the PM-ER-mitochondrial interface could represent a functional unit where direct cross-communication between EGFR signalling and mitochondria takes place. To investigate this hypothesis, we will use a three-tiered strategy aimed at elucidating: 1. the EGFR-dependent signalling that leads to NCE-ER-mitochondrial contact site formation and to local Ca2+ release, and the role of these contacts in EGFR endocytosis, signalling and fate; 2. the crosstalk between EGFR signalling and mitochondrial function at the PM-ER-mitochondrial interface by analysing the impact of EGFR-NCE on mitochondrial physiology and metabolism; 3. the relevance of NCE-ER-mitochondrial crosstalk to EGF-dependent cell physiological responses, e.g., migration, proliferation and differentiation, by exploiting isogenic cell derivatives from embryonic/pluripotent stem cells or ex vivo organoid cultures. The verification of this hypothesis will expand our understanding of the impact of EGFR signalling on cellular functions not previously linked to this pathway and possibly impinging on cellular energetics and metabolism.

Mots-clés : egfr signalling,endocytosis,er contact sites,mitochondria,calcium signalling,migration,metabolism
Projet ERC : EGFRtoMITO (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Cellular, Developmental and Regenerative Biology
Entité participante : Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico — Pays : Italie — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : IRCCS
Type d'entité : Organismes privés (hors enseignement)
Financement ERC de l'entité : 920062.5 €

The integration of distinct internalization routes is crucial to determine the fate of plasma membrane (PM) receptors and the output of their signalling pathways. Contact sites between cellular organelles adds a further layer of regulation by creating microdomains that favour different signalling and metabolic pathways. These regulatory mechanisms are relevant to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). We found that EGFR internalization through non-clathrin endocytosis (NCE) leads primarily to receptor degradation and signal extinction, while clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is mainly involved in EGFR recycling and sustaining signalling. Notably, internalization via NCE involves the formation of contact sites between the PM, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the mitochondria, where EGF-dependent localized Ca2+ signalling occurs. The founding hypothesis of this proposal is that the PM-ER-mitochondrial interface could represent a functional unit where direct cross-communication between EGFR signalling and mitochondria takes place. To investigate this hypothesis, we will use a three-tiered strategy aimed at elucidating: 1. the EGFR-dependent signalling that leads to NCE-ER-mitochondrial contact site formation and to local Ca2+ release, and the role of these contacts in EGFR endocytosis, signalling and fate; 2. the crosstalk between EGFR signalling and mitochondrial function at the PM-ER-mitochondrial interface by analysing the impact of EGFR-NCE on mitochondrial physiology and metabolism; 3. the relevance of NCE-ER-mitochondrial crosstalk to EGF-dependent cell physiological responses, e.g., migration, proliferation and differentiation, by exploiting isogenic cell derivatives from embryonic/pluripotent stem cells or ex vivo organoid cultures. The verification of this hypothesis will expand our understanding of the impact of EGFR signalling on cellular functions not previously linked to this pathway and possibly impinging on cellular energetics and metabolism.

Mots-clés : egfr signalling,endocytosis,er contact sites,mitochondria,calcium signalling,migration,metabolism
Projet ERC : B2C (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : University of Copenhagen — Pays : Danemark — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UCPH
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1338609.5 €

The intention of Beasts to Craft (B2C) is to document the biological and craft records in parchment in order to reveal the entangled histories of animal improvement and parchment production in Europe from 500-1900 AD. B2C will lay the foundations for a new approach to the the study of parchment manuscripts —biocodicology— which draws evidence from the overlooked first stages in production, the raising of livestock and the preparation of the skins. 1. Parchment is an extraordinary but overlooked high resolution zooarchaeological record and a molecular archive. Livestock genetics is revealing breed diversity and markers of character traits such as fleece quality. B2C will exploit this new-found knowledge, using progressively older dated archival (sheep) parchments to study the history of improvement 1300 - 1900. Visual examination of the skins will search for direct evidence of disease and fleece quality. 2. Craft skills can be read from parchment and, when combined with chemical data and comparison with modern analogues, will produce the first European wide record of the craft from 500-1900. The size and scope of this the parchment archive means it is one of the largest and most highly resolved records of a specialist medieval craft. We will explore how these skills develop and when and where regional patterns appear and decline. These two remarkable records requires a large interdisciplinary team. However biocodicology draws from and informs upon a wide and diverse spectrum of existing scholarship in conservation, the arts and sciences. A third strand of the project will (i) furnish manuscript scholars with some of the information available to the scribe at time of production (ii) inform and shape attitudes to parchment conservation (iii) provide high resolution biological data on animal management, movement and health and (iv) explore methods to link datasets and promote data reuse.

Mots-clés : partchment,craft,improvement
Projet ERC : B2C (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : University of Bristol — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 92953.75 €

The intention of Beasts to Craft (B2C) is to document the biological and craft records in parchment in order to reveal the entangled histories of animal improvement and parchment production in Europe from 500-1900 AD. B2C will lay the foundations for a new approach to the the study of parchment manuscripts —biocodicology— which draws evidence from the overlooked first stages in production, the raising of livestock and the preparation of the skins. 1. Parchment is an extraordinary but overlooked high resolution zooarchaeological record and a molecular archive. Livestock genetics is revealing breed diversity and markers of character traits such as fleece quality. B2C will exploit this new-found knowledge, using progressively older dated archival (sheep) parchments to study the history of improvement 1300 - 1900. Visual examination of the skins will search for direct evidence of disease and fleece quality. 2. Craft skills can be read from parchment and, when combined with chemical data and comparison with modern analogues, will produce the first European wide record of the craft from 500-1900. The size and scope of this the parchment archive means it is one of the largest and most highly resolved records of a specialist medieval craft. We will explore how these skills develop and when and where regional patterns appear and decline. These two remarkable records requires a large interdisciplinary team. However biocodicology draws from and informs upon a wide and diverse spectrum of existing scholarship in conservation, the arts and sciences. A third strand of the project will (i) furnish manuscript scholars with some of the information available to the scribe at time of production (ii) inform and shape attitudes to parchment conservation (iii) provide high resolution biological data on animal management, movement and health and (iv) explore methods to link datasets and promote data reuse.

Mots-clés : partchment,craft,improvement
Projet ERC : MetamorphChip (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Physical and analytical chemical sciences
Entité participante : Technion – Israel Institute of Technology — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1744056.0 €

The interaction and communication between individual cells plays a central role in virtually all fields of biology, from the cooperative work of cells in the immune system, through the differentiation of stem cells, and to the proliferation of cancer cells. In recent years it has been shown that these processes are fundamentally coupled to cell-to-cell heterogeneity and variability. Despite the fact that studying cellular ensembles obscures these fundamental biological processes, most current studies consider cell populations, largely due to technological limitations in the ability to dynamically compartmentalize, manipulate, and analyze single cells. We propose to develop and demonstrate a new concept for a single-cell-level bioanalytical workspace that is dynamically configurable in real time. Making use of electrokinetically driven surface deformations, a physical mechanism recently invented in my lab, the MetamorphChip will be able to dynamically modify its own microfluidic structure, thus allowing complete freedom in the manipulation of individual cells and their environment, in real time. The project is divided into 5 aims: 1. Deepening our physical understanding of electrokinetically driven surface deformations, and using it to create a “library” of fundamental dynamic elements. 2. Designing, building, and testing the first prototype MetamorphChip. 3. Demonstrating the ability of the MetamorphChip to manipulate single cells and their microenvironment. 4. Performing advanced biochemical analysis on single cells using the chip. 5. Demonstrating the use of the MetamorphChip for experimental study of immune cell interaction. I strongly believe that successful implementation of this project would fundamentally change the way in which single-cell experiments are conceived and performed.

Mots-clés : electroosmotic flow,electrokinetics,lab on a chip,microfluidic chip,single cell analysis,cell communication,immunology,t cell,cytokines