Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : ELISA (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Complexity
Entité participante : Tilburg University — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TiU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1482813.0 €

During spontaneous sign language genesis, signers naturally come to integrate gestural material into their grammars. Researchers have been able to track this process in two famous cases: Nicaragua and Israel’s Negev desert. This project addresses a third case: Kata Kolok (KK) arose six generations ago due to high incidences of deafness in a Balinese village. ELISA determines what the earliest stages of this language looked like and what mechanism have shaped its emergence. Theories of sign language emergence have been based on comparisons of emergent signing varieties from geographically distinct areas and thus potentially very different gesture cultures. ELISA focuses on signing varieties within the context of Bali to enable direct comparison between the various stages of language emergence. Three potentially-interacting hypotheses are considered: gestural origins (the contribution of the spontaneous gestures used by speakers), time-depth (intergenerational transmission), and social interaction (community structure & quality of conversations). This is achieved by i) reconstructing the setting in which KK emerged by investigating the social interactions of homesigners and intergenerational homesign systems within the wider region; (ii) documenting the communicative structures of these homesigners as they interact with their hearing communication partners, and by comparing these systematically to generations III-V of KK; (iii) growing sign languages in the lab by asking hearing Balinese participants to describe events using silent gesture under various experimental conditions to test each of the hypotheses. Through this comparative approach, ELISA brings together the fields of sign language emergence and cultural evolution and is effectively able to chart the birth and development of a modern human language over the course of a century. Given her empirical expertise in KK and rural sign languages, the PI is uniquely positioned to bring this project to fruition.

Mots-clés : language emergence and evolution,sign language
Projet ERC : AdriArchCult (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : Ca' Foscari University of Venice — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999750.0 €

During the 15th century, the political process of reducing the Eastern Adriatic, here considered as encompassing what is now littoral of Slovenia, Croatia and Montenegro, to a thin strip of border territories substantially separated from the continental massive to which they belong, reached its conclusion. The insularity of its large natural archipelago, i.e. almost exclusive dependence on the maritime communications, became characteristic even of mainland coastal towns, with lasting consequences. The project explores the impact of this change in the area between 15th and 18th c., focusing on architecture as the most evident materialization of a culture and its transformations. The goal is to examine the architectural culture in question in terms of both consumption and production. Factors such as political and economic consolidation of Venetian and Dubrovnik Republics as well as Habsburg Empire in the area, war and commerce with the Ottomans, but also the quick spread of revival of antiquity and the Catholic Revival, all fuelled the need for architectural creation with certain functional and symbolic characteristics, setting the cultural standards. On the other hand, the economics of production of architecture consisted of interrelated systems of the provision of materials (esp. Istrian stone) and organisation of construction sites, which, given the ease of the sea transport, resulted in an active market for architectural goods. This approach will provide an original contribution to the understanding of cultural practices that not only produced specific buildings, the most significant among which are now listed as World Heritage sites but also put into circulation ancient and modern models, techniques and materials for a European-wide audience. Moreover, it will investigate the trans-border and trans-confessional character of the architectural market, thus providing an innovative model for a study of such phenomena across Europe.

Mots-clés : architectural history,eastern adriatic,early modern period,architectural culture
Projet ERC : MECHEMGUI (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Cellular, Developmental and Regenerative Biology
Entité participante : University of Cambridge — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : U. Cambridge
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2468520.0 €

During the development of the central nervous system (CNS), neurons extend axons through a crowded environment along well-defined pathways to reach their distant targets. It isA start date of 1st June 2018 is being requested to enable the PI to complete a number of current commitments and put the necessary arrangements in place to enable an efficient start up phase of the project. evident that attractive and repulsive guidance cues in the tissue provide important biochemical signals to guide growing axons along their paths. This can only be part of the story, however, as it is still not possible to predict axonal growth patterns in vivo. In a recent breakthrough discovery, we provided in vivo evidence that neurons also respond to mechanical cues, such as local tissue stiffness, suggesting that mechanical signals are likely an important missing part of the puzzle. However, mechanically activated signaling pathways are currently poorly understood, and how neurons integrate mechanical and chemical signals to result in proper outgrowth is unknown. By investigating how mechanical signals control neuronal growth and pathfinding, this proposal will close this comprehension gap. By combining state-of-the-art approaches in physics, engineering and biology, we will, for the first time, identify mechanosensitive molecular mechanisms that regulate neuronal growth and guidance in vitro and in vivo. In particular, we will investigate how mechanotransduction cascades (1) directly modulate axon growth by inducing local changes in cytoskeletal dynamics, and (2) indirectly lead to alterations in axon outgrowth by modulating chemical signalling pathways. Ultimately, we will develop a computational model based on our findings, which will lead to a predictive framework for understanding axon pathfinding in the developing brain. The proposed research challenges current concepts in developmental biology and is very relevant to many other areas in biology. Our results will not only shed new light on the complex control mechanisms of cellular growth and motility, but could also lead to novel biomedical approaches aimed at facilitating neuronal re-growth and regeneration in the damaged CNS.

Mots-clés : mechanobiology,biophysics,mechanotransduction,forces,tissue stiffness,atomic force microscopy,traction force microscopy
Projet ERC : CODECHECK (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Cellular, Developmental and Regenerative Biology
Entité participante : University of Porto — Pays : Portugal — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2323468.0 €

During the human lifetime 10000 trillion cell divisions take place to ensure tissue homeostasis and several vital functions in the organism. Mitosis is the process that ensures that dividing cells preserve the chromosome number of their progenitors, while deviation from this, a condition known as aneuploidy, represents the most common feature in human cancers. Here we will test two original concepts with strong implications for chromosome segregation fidelity. The first concept is based on the “tubulin code” hypothesis, which predicts that molecular motors “read” tubulin post-translational modifications on spindle microtubules. Our proof-of-concept experiments demonstrate that tubulin detyrosination works as a navigation system that guides chromosomes towards the cell equator. Thus, in addition to regulating the motors required for chromosome motion, the cell might regulate the tracks in which they move on. We will combine proteomic, super-resolution and live-cell microscopy, with in vitro reconstitutions, to perform a comprehensive survey of the tubulin code and the respective implications for motors involved in chromosome motion, mitotic spindle assembly and correction of kinetochore-microtubule attachments. The second concept is centered on the recently uncovered chromosome separation checkpoint mediated by a midzone-associated Aurora B gradient, which delays nuclear envelope reformation in response to incompletely separated chromosomes. We aim to identify Aurora B targets involved in the spatiotemporal regulation of the anaphase-telophase transition. We will establish powerful live-cell microscopy assays and a novel mammalian model system to dissect how this checkpoint allows the detection and correction of lagging/long chromosomes and DNA bridges that would otherwise contribute to genomic instability. Overall, this work will establish a paradigm shift in our understanding of how spatial information is conveyed to faithfully segregate chromosomes during mitosis.

Mots-clés : mitosis,tubulin code,molecular motors,aneuploidy,chromosome separation checkpoint,aurora b gradient,nuclear envelope reformation,micronuclei,indian muntjac,error correction
Projet ERC : BigEarth (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer science and informatics
Entité participante : Technische Universität Berlin — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TUB
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1491479.0 €

During the last decade, a huge number of earth observation (EO) satellites with optical and Synthetic Aperture Radar sensors onboard have been launched and advances in satellite systems have increased the amount, variety and spatial/spectral resolution of EO data. This has led to massive EO data archives with huge amount of remote sensing (RS) images, from which mining and retrieving useful information are challenging. In view of that, content based image retrieval (CBIR) has attracted great attention in the RS community. However, existing RS CBIR systems have limitations on: i) characterization of high-level semantic content and spectral information present in RS images, and ii) large-scale RS CBIR problems since their search mechanism is time-demanding and not scalable in operational applications. The BigEarth project aims to develop highly innovative feature extraction and content based retrieval methods and tools for RS images, which can significantly improve the state-of-the-art both in the theory and in the tools currently available. To this end, very important scientific and practical problems will be addressed by focusing on the main challenges of Big EO data on RS image characterization, indexing and search from massive archives. In particular, novel methods and tools will be developed, aiming to: 1) characterize and exploit high level semantic content and spectral information present in RS images; 2) extract features directly from the compressed RS images; 3) achieve accurate and scalable RS image indexing and retrieval; and 4) integrate feature representations of different RS image sources into a unified form of feature representation. Moreover, a benchmark archive with high amount of multi-source RS images will be constructed. From an application point of view, the developed methodologies and tools will have a significant impact on many EO data applications, such as accurate and scalable retrieval of: specific man-made structures and burned forest areas.
Projet ERC : INTERACT (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering
Entité participante : Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : LMU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1306714.0 €

During the past years, great progress has been made in connecting phenotypes to genotypes based on within-species variation. However, the more dramatic variation that can be found between species has not been explored for phenotype/genotype associations so-far. Using classical genetics to mine between-species variation is mostly impossible, because crosses between distinct species hardly work and their genomes are usually highly rearranged. The goal of this project is to develop unprecedented genomics-based methods for inter-species (phylogenetic) association mapping, which can find signals even in highly re-arranged genomes of different species. To ensure that these methods are also useful in practice, we will apply them to the variation in secondary metabolites within the Brassicaceae plant family. Secondary metabolites are highly variable, genetically controlled, easy to measure and have broad application in cancer prevention, pest control and food design. Given the great potential of phylogenetic association mapping in general and secondary metabolites in particular, our work promises to be ground-breaking and have profound impact on many different fields of genetic research. Specifically, our work plan includes the following points: I) We will develop strategies for phylogenetic association mapping and implement them in publicly-available software. II) We will establish a panel of inbred lines from ~200 Brassicaceae species and generate whole-genome assemblies for each of them. III) We will exemplify the usefulness of phylogenetic association mapping by correlating the diversity of secondary metabolites to the differences in the respective genomes and validate the results by transforming or mutating candidate genes in appropriate species.

Mots-clés : association mapping,association statistics,inter species variation
Projet ERC : INTERACT (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering
Entité participante : Max Planck Society — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : MPG
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 187500.0 €

During the past years, great progress has been made in connecting phenotypes to genotypes based on within-species variation. However, the more dramatic variation that can be found between species has not been explored for phenotype/genotype associations so-far. Using classical genetics to mine between-species variation is mostly impossible, because crosses between distinct species hardly work and their genomes are usually highly rearranged. The goal of this project is to develop unprecedented genomics-based methods for inter-species (phylogenetic) association mapping, which can find signals even in highly re-arranged genomes of different species. To ensure that these methods are also useful in practice, we will apply them to the variation in secondary metabolites within the Brassicaceae plant family. Secondary metabolites are highly variable, genetically controlled, easy to measure and have broad application in cancer prevention, pest control and food design. Given the great potential of phylogenetic association mapping in general and secondary metabolites in particular, our work promises to be ground-breaking and have profound impact on many different fields of genetic research. Specifically, our work plan includes the following points: I) We will develop strategies for phylogenetic association mapping and implement them in publicly-available software. II) We will establish a panel of inbred lines from ~200 Brassicaceae species and generate whole-genome assemblies for each of them. III) We will exemplify the usefulness of phylogenetic association mapping by correlating the diversity of secondary metabolites to the differences in the respective genomes and validate the results by transforming or mutating candidate genes in appropriate species.

Mots-clés : association mapping,association statistics,inter species variation
Projet ERC : SOLID (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Synergy grants)
Entité participante : University of Milan — Pays : Italie — Rôle : CO-PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UNIMI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2442819.0 €

During the post 2008 decennium horribile the EU has been faced with unprecedented shocks (the Euro-crisis, the Great Recession and its dramatic social consequences, new security threats, the refugee crisis, Brexit) which have coalesced in a disruptive dynamic of unprecedented scope and depth. Conflicts over sovereignty, solidarity and identity sparked a “deep” political crisis, shaking the very foundations of the EU. Surprisingly, however, the utter collapse of the Union has been averted. In dramatic moments EU leaders agreed on significant institutional advances or at least some backstops. How can one explain this peculiar mix of crisis and resilience? The SOLID project posits that sequences of policy crises tend to disrupt routine policy-making, jeopardize its responsiveness, unleash turbulent forms of crisis politics, and put political legitimacy (even polity durability) at risk. At the same time we also posit that severe crisis situation may also activate polity maintenance incentives for keeping the political community together “whatever it takes”. Covering developments since 2009, SOLID ultimately aims at assessing the overall soundness of the EU’s foundations in the wake of the political crisis. In order to capture both disruption and resilience, we propose to disentangle the “deep” political dimension of the crisis from more policy-specific challenges and analyze it through a “coalition-centered approach”, which we have originally devised for the EU polity. Rooted in political economy, comparative political sociology and policy analysis, SOLID will collect extensive data on processes, conflicts and coalitions through qualitative and quantitative methods, including innovative techniques. A major original survey will also be organized. We aim at providing an original general theory of political crisis, valuable as such, but making a strong impact on the study of EU politicization and its likely (constructive or destructive) outcomes.

Mots-clés : european integration,sovereignty,identity,solidarity,social and political crisis,social and political coalitions,economic and social policy making,territorial politics,elections,parties
Projet ERC : SOLID (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Synergy grants)
Entité participante : Fondazione giangiacomo feltrinelli — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Fondazione giangiacomo feltrinelli
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2161000.0 €

During the post 2008 decennium horribile the EU has been faced with unprecedented shocks (the Euro-crisis, the Great Recession and its dramatic social consequences, new security threats, the refugee crisis, Brexit) which have coalesced in a disruptive dynamic of unprecedented scope and depth. Conflicts over sovereignty, solidarity and identity sparked a “deep” political crisis, shaking the very foundations of the EU. Surprisingly, however, the utter collapse of the Union has been averted. In dramatic moments EU leaders agreed on significant institutional advances or at least some backstops. How can one explain this peculiar mix of crisis and resilience? The SOLID project posits that sequences of policy crises tend to disrupt routine policy-making, jeopardize its responsiveness, unleash turbulent forms of crisis politics, and put political legitimacy (even polity durability) at risk. At the same time we also posit that severe crisis situation may also activate polity maintenance incentives for keeping the political community together “whatever it takes”. Covering developments since 2009, SOLID ultimately aims at assessing the overall soundness of the EU’s foundations in the wake of the political crisis. In order to capture both disruption and resilience, we propose to disentangle the “deep” political dimension of the crisis from more policy-specific challenges and analyze it through a “coalition-centered approach”, which we have originally devised for the EU polity. Rooted in political economy, comparative political sociology and policy analysis, SOLID will collect extensive data on processes, conflicts and coalitions through qualitative and quantitative methods, including innovative techniques. A major original survey will also be organized. We aim at providing an original general theory of political crisis, valuable as such, but making a strong impact on the study of EU politicization and its likely (constructive or destructive) outcomes.

Mots-clés : european integration,sovereignty,identity,solidarity,social and political crisis,social and political coalitions,economic and social policy making,territorial politics,elections,parties
Projet ERC : SOLID (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Synergy grants)
Entité participante : University of London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : U. London
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1658951.25 €

During the post 2008 decennium horribile the EU has been faced with unprecedented shocks (the Euro-crisis, the Great Recession and its dramatic social consequences, new security threats, the refugee crisis, Brexit) which have coalesced in a disruptive dynamic of unprecedented scope and depth. Conflicts over sovereignty, solidarity and identity sparked a “deep” political crisis, shaking the very foundations of the EU. Surprisingly, however, the utter collapse of the Union has been averted. In dramatic moments EU leaders agreed on significant institutional advances or at least some backstops. How can one explain this peculiar mix of crisis and resilience? The SOLID project posits that sequences of policy crises tend to disrupt routine policy-making, jeopardize its responsiveness, unleash turbulent forms of crisis politics, and put political legitimacy (even polity durability) at risk. At the same time we also posit that severe crisis situation may also activate polity maintenance incentives for keeping the political community together “whatever it takes”. Covering developments since 2009, SOLID ultimately aims at assessing the overall soundness of the EU’s foundations in the wake of the political crisis. In order to capture both disruption and resilience, we propose to disentangle the “deep” political dimension of the crisis from more policy-specific challenges and analyze it through a “coalition-centered approach”, which we have originally devised for the EU polity. Rooted in political economy, comparative political sociology and policy analysis, SOLID will collect extensive data on processes, conflicts and coalitions through qualitative and quantitative methods, including innovative techniques. A major original survey will also be organized. We aim at providing an original general theory of political crisis, valuable as such, but making a strong impact on the study of EU politicization and its likely (constructive or destructive) outcomes.

Mots-clés : european integration,sovereignty,identity,solidarity,social and political crisis,social and political coalitions,economic and social policy making,territorial politics,elections,parties