Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : ANTIGONE (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : University of Genoa — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UniGe
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1498000.0 €

The main aim of the ANTIGONE project is to investigate how the disappearance of practices for managing shared environmental resources played a role in the abandonment and political marginalisation of European mountain areas from the 18th c onwards. The legacy of these processes can be seen in population levels in these areas, and in the worsening of their natural and cultural heritage. Current policies – aiming to promote their ‘heritagisation’ – do not seem likely to be more effective, in the long-term, as development interventions than the drive for rationalisation in the 19th c. and modernisation in the 20th c. A new historical perspective is needed which addresses the process of abandonment and marginalisation in its entire complexity. ANTIGONE will analyse the critical period from the 18th to the 21st c. and provide new insights into the links between individuals, communities, central States and landscape, grounded in a new understanding of the relationship between practices, resources and objects. By means of archaeological, historical, environmental, ethnological analyses, and through the comparison of case studies from European mountain areas, ANTIGONE aims to verify if alleged ‘improvement’ practices involved not just changes in management technique, but also contributed to decline in the sharing of work, time and space, with knock-on effects on the social dimension of the whole historic system. Through its multidisciplinary approach ANTIGONE aims at provide: new knowledge on the historical mechanisms underlying the abandonment of mountain and, more broadly, rural areas, as a key to understanding marginalisation; new knowledge on landscapes, practices and their features; a new methodological toolbox for interdisciplinary investigations driven by archaeology; a new role for archaeology, beyond the acknowledged one as a heritage science; new contributions to community based policies for local sustainable development and landscape management.

Mots-clés : rural archaeology,archaeology of commons,environmental archaeology,common resources,shared resources,commons,historical archaeology,post medieval archaeology,historical ecology,environmental history,history of commons
Projet ERC : SUPRAVACC (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 75247.5 €

The main and most important feature of vaccines is the induction of an immunological memory response, which is key to providing long-term protection against pathogens. The current strategies for potent antibacterial and antiviral vaccines employ conjugation of pathogen specific entities onto carrier proteins, and are limited to formulations that suffer from low stability and short shelf-lives, and are thus not viable in developing countries. Strategies for the development of new vaccinations against endogenous diseases like cancer further remain an unmet challenge, since current methodologies suffer from a lack of a modular and tailored vaccine-specific functionalisation. I therefore propose a radically new design approach in the development of fully synthetic molecular vaccines. My team will synthesise carbohydrate and glycopeptide appended epitopes that are grafted onto supramolecular building blocks. These units can be individually designed to attach disease specific antigens and immunostimulants. Due to their self-assembling properties into nanoscaled pathogen mimetic particles, they serve as a supramolecular subunit vaccine toolbox. By developing a universal supramolecular polymer platform, we will construct multipotent vaccines from glycan-decorated peptides, that combine the activity of protein conjugates with the facile handling, precise composition and increased stability of traditional small molecule pharmaceutical compounds. SUPRAVACC will pioneer the design of minimalistic and broadly applicable vaccines, and will evaluate the supramolecular engineering approach for immunisations against antibacterial diseases, as well as for applications as antitumour vaccine candidates. The fundamental insights gained will drive a paradigm shift in the design and preparation of vaccine candidates in academic and industrial research laboratories.

Mots-clés : supramolecular polymers,bioorganic chemistry,glycopeptide,immunotherapy
Projet ERC : AQUAMS (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : Institute of Science and Technology Austria — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ISTA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1497755.0 €

The main focus of this project is the mathematical analysis of many-body quantum systems, in particular, interacting quantum gases at low temperature. The recent experimental advances in studying ultra-cold atomic gases have led to renewed interest in these systems. They display a rich variety of quantum phenomena, including, e.g., Bose–Einstein condensation and superfluidity, which makes them interesting both from a physical and a mathematical point of view. The goal of this project is the development of new mathematical tools for dealing with complex problems in many-body quantum systems. New mathematical methods lead to different points of view and thus increase our understanding of physical systems. From the point of view of mathematical physics, there has been significant progress in the last few years in understanding the interesting phenomena occurring in quantum gases, and the goal of this project is to investigate some of the key issues that remain unsolved. Due to the complex nature of the problems, new mathematical ideas and methods will have to be developed for this purpose. One of the main question addressed in this proposal is the validity of the Bogoliubov approximation for the excitation spectrum of many-body quantum systems. While its accuracy has been successfully shown for the ground state energy of various models, its predictions concerning the excitation spectrum have so far only been verified in the Hartree limit, an extreme form of a mean-field limit where the interaction among the particles is very weak and ranges over the whole system. The central part of this project is concerned with the extension of these results to the case of short-range interactions. Apart from being mathematically much more challenging, the short-range case is the one most relevant for the description of actual physical systems. Hence progress along these lines can be expected to yield valuable insight into the complex behavior of these many-body quantum systems.

Mots-clés : quantum statistical mechanics,schr dinger equation,bose einstein condensation,phase transition,spectral analysis,bogoliubov approximation
Projet ERC : STIMUNO (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : Medical University of Warsaw — Pays : Pologne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1498750.0 €

The main goal of this project is to explore new fundamental pathways involved in the regulation of antitumor immune response. Since the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment constitutes a key barrier to effective immunotherapy, our predominant ambition is to characterize novel, hitherto unknown metabolic changes that can support the survival of tumor cells and the escape from the immune surveillance. We have recently discovered a new metabolite within tumor microenvironment with a robust ability to inhibit the activity of immune cells and their potential to kill target tumor cells. Within the project, we plan to corroborate on our preliminary findings in order to establish the role of this factor in mitigating antitumor immune response. To this end, we will determine the level of its production within tumors in murine models. Moreover, we will relate these findings to human data by analysing the immune milieu and the expression of enzymes involved in generation of this metabolic agent in a cohort of cancer patients. We will also investigate the mechanisms by which this factor could perturb the functions of tumor-infiltrating effector cells. Finally, we aspire to use the knowledge gained during the implementation of this project to propose innovative therapeutic solutions. Specifically, we will investigate whether and how the inhibition of selected enzymes involved in the generation of this new metabolic checkpoint can impact on the efficacy of immunotherapeutic agents, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, arginase inhibitors as well as adoptive therapy with CAR-T cells and CAR-NK cells. We strongly believe that by achieving the goals of our project we will make a significant step forward in order to develop and to design cutting-edge therapeutic strategies. These compelling solutions would further improve the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy, thus contributing to a breakthrough advance in cancer treatment.

Mots-clés : cancer,metabolism,therapy,tumor microenvironment
Projet ERC : Valleys (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Condensed matter physics
Entité participante : Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology — Pays : Suisse — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ETH Zurich
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1998060.0 €

The main objective of this research proposal is to realize new types of electronic devices based on the valley/spin degree of freedom in two-dimensional semiconductors from the transition metal dichalcogenide family. These materials are analogous to graphene but have a direct band gap. Together with the unique band structure, this allows manipulating the spin and valley degrees of freedom interchangeably. In addition, it can give rise to a mechanism for protecting the spin which could in future result in very high spin relaxation lengths. This proposal will explore various spin/valley injection mechanisms as well as detection mechanisms with the goal of realizing an all-electric valleytronic device with no need of optical excitation which is bulky and difficult to scale and implement on chip scale. Various new device architectures such as valley interconnects, amplifiers and diodes will be realized in the central part of the proposal.
Projet ERC : GeoBrown (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : Université Paris-Saclay — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1263607.0 €

The main purpose of this proposal is to explore the canonical models of planar random geometry that have been introduced in the recent years. We call this theory Brownian geometry because one of the central objects, the Brownian map, arises as the universal scaling limit of many discrete models of large random graphs embedded in the plane, in a way very similar to Brownian motion, which is the continuous limit of many different classes of random paths. The preceding scaling limit holds for the Gromov-Hausdorff distance on compact metric spaces. Furthermore, recent developments show that, in addition to its metric structure, the Brownian map can be equipped with a conformal structure. Our objectives will be to combine the different approaches to develop a systematic study of the Brownian map and its variants called the Brownian disk and the Brownian plane, as well as of the associated discrete models, which are finite graphs embedded in the plane or infinite random lattices such as the uniform infinite planar triangulation. We will also study random phenomena in random geometry, starting with random walks on infinite random lattices, with the ultimate goal of constructing Brownian motion on our continuous models. A question of importance in mathematical physics is to understand the behavior of statistical physics models in random geometry. Another fundamental question is to connect the conformal structure of the Brownian map with the conformal embeddings that are known to exist for discrete planar maps. The field of random geometry gives rise to exceptionally fruitful interactions between specialists of probability theory, theoretical physicists and mathematicians coming from other areas, in particular from combinatorics. To ensure the best chances of success for the proposed research, we will rely on the expertise of several members of the Laboratoire de Mathématiques d'Orsay, and on the unique environment of Université Paris-Sud and neighboring institutions.

Mots-clés : random geometry,random planar map,triangulation,brownian map,conformal structure,scaling limit,random walk,statistical physics model
Projet ERC : ModRed (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 156875.0 €

The main theme of this proposal is the Geometric Representation Theory of reductive algebraic groups over algebraically closed fields of positive characteristic. Our primary goal is to obtain character formulas for simple and for indecomposable tilting representations of such groups, by developing a geometric framework for their categories of representations. Obtaining such formulas has been one of the main problems in this area since the 1980's. A program outlined by G. Lusztig in the 1990's has lead to a formula for the characters of simple representations in the case the characteristic of the base field is bigger than an explicit but huge bound. A recent breakthrough due to G. Williamson has shown that this formula cannot hold for smaller characteristics, however. Nothing is known about characters of tilting modules in general (except for a conjectural formula for some characters, due to Andersen). Our main tools include a new perspective on Soergel bimodules offered by the study of parity sheaves (introduced by Juteau-Mautner-Williamson) and a diagrammatic presentation of their category (due to Elias-Williamson).

Mots-clés : reductive algebraic groups,representation theory,perverse sheaves,characters,soergel bimodules,koszul duality
Projet ERC : SM-GRAV (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental constituents of matter
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1140862.5 €

The main thrust of this proposal is to investigate implications of a recent correspondence (string theory (ST) vs. gauge theory) to the physics beyond the Standard Model (SM) and its coupling to gravity. Instead of relying on the string picture of the unification of all interactions with gravity, I propose to look at its dual version: 4d quantum field theories (QFT). The different perspective is expected to provide 3 distinct results: (a) A QFT view of the SM embedding in string theory (b) Novel phenomena and properties that are hard to see in the string theory picture. (c) A "dual" view that would be valid in non-stringy regimes. The key idea is that gravity, as observed in nature, is emergent: it is the avatar of a (hidden) large-N (near) CFT that is interacting with the SM at high energy (the Planck scale). Such an approach provides an appealing UV completion to the SM+gravity: a UV complete four-dimensional QFT. There are, however, many questions that need to be addressed in order for this setup to be a viable physical theory: 1. Why is the gravitational force four-dimensional (instead of higher-dimensional as suggested by standard holography)? 2. Why does the coupling of the gravitational force to the SM satisfy the equivalence principle to such a high accuracy? 3. What are other universal interactions with the SM model implied in this picture? What are their phenomenological consequences? 4. How can one construct, precise and controllable models for this setup? 5. How is Cosmology emerging in this picture? How do the important problems associated with it get resolved? SM-GRAV will address all of the above questions using the tools of QFT, of string theory and the AdS-CFT correspondence. The outcome of the proposed research is expected to be a concrete and quantitative model/scenario for the emergence and coupling of the "gravitational sector fields" to the SM model and the novel phenomenological implications for particle physics and cosmology.

Mots-clés : standard model,gravitational force,holography,new forces,axions
Projet ERC : FUNCOPLAN (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System
Entité participante : University of London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : U. London
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2000000.0 €

The major objective of FUNCOPLAN is to examine groundbreaking questions on the functional role of newly-generated neurons in the adult brain. Using a combination of innovative approaches, our aim is to discover how plasticity in adult-born cells shapes information processing in neuronal circuits. Adult neurogenesis produces new neurons in particular areas of the mammalian brain throughout life. Because they undergo a transient period of heightened plasticity, these freshly-generated cells are believed to bring unique properties to the circuits they join – a continual influx of new, immature cells is believed to provide a level of plasticity not achievable by the mature, resident network alone. But what exactly is the function of the additional plasticity provided by adult-born neurons? How does it influence information processing in neuronal networks? These questions are vital for our fundamental understanding of how the brain works. We will address them by studying a unique population of cells that is continually generated throughout life: dopaminergic neurons in the olfactory bulb. These cells play a key role in the modulation of early sensory responses and are renowned for their plastic capacity. However, the role of this plasticity in shaping sensory processing remains completely unknown. FUNCOPLAN’s first objectives, therefore, are to discover novel experience-dependent plastic changes in the cellular features and sensory response properties of adult-born neurons. We will then go much further than this, however, by integrating our discoveries with state-of-the-art techniques for precisely manipulating activity in these cells in vivo. This wholly innovative approach will allow us to mimic the effects of plasticity in naïve circuits, or cancel the effects of plasticity in experience-altered networks. In this way, we will break new ground, demonstrating a unique contribution of plasticity in adult-born cells to the fundamental function of neuronal circuitry.
Projet ERC : NoNaCat (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : Leibniz Association — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : LG
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2499375.0 €

The major objective of this proposal is the development of new active and selective catalysts based on earth abundant metals (e.g. Fe, Mn, Co, Cu). These catalysts will be used for improved synthetic transformations which are of interest for organic chemistry in general and which are also of significant practical value for the chemical and life science industries. Traditional catalysts based on non-noble metals are not efficient for hydrogenation and dehydrogenation processes under mild conditions. However, by creating a suitable microenvironment with M-N interactions they are becoming active and selective. According to our concept the suitable surrounding will be created either by using nitrogen-containing pincer ligands or nitrogen-doped graphenes. Consequently, a variety of both molecular-defined homogeneous catalysts as well as nano-structured heterogeneous materials will be prepared, characterized and tested in various catalytic applications. More specifically, the following redox transformations will be investigated: Hydrogenation and transfer hydrogenation of carboxylic acids, esters, and nitriles; hydrogenation of amides and peptides; hydrogenation of carbon dioxide and selective oxidative coupling of alcohols to esters, amides, and nitriles. Furthermore, “waste-free” carbon-carbon bond forming reactions such as alkylations with alcohols and domino-synthesis of heterocycles from alcohols will be exploited. Finally, homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts from earth abundant metals will be used in industrially relevant oxidative carbonylation reactions. With respect to methodology this proposal combines homogeneous with heterogeneous catalysis, which will result in new ideas for both fields.

Mots-clés : hydrogenation,dehydrogenation,carboxylic acid derivatives,amides,pincer complex,earth abundant metals,iron,fine chemicals,bulk chemicals