Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : POLITSOLID (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : University of Duisburg-Essen — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1998525.0 €

POLITSOLID investigates the micro-foundations of political solidarities in fast-changing European polities. It analyses why some ordinary citizens show a high overall willingness to shoulder costs of public redistribution to other people in a polity, while others do not; and why ordinary citizens have multiple levels of willingness to shoulder costs depending on who receives the benefit. Relevance: Having high levels of political solidarities is important for modern democracies to deal with exogenous shocks and long-term structural changes in their societies, which create pressures on the political system. Recent exogenous shocks in Europe that brought the necessity of political solidarities to light were the financial crisis (2007/8) with its extensive transnational bail-out policies across the European Union and the large refugee intake (2015/16). Relevant long-term structural changes are population ageing, rising income inequality and mass immigration. This project answers the overarching research question: What drives political solidarities in modern European democracies? Objectives • To create a novel theoretical and empirical framework that allows simultaneous modelling of multiple political solidarities and that includes the individual as well as the macro levels to enable better predictions about how people behave. • To test causal mechanisms with a range of mostly experimental methods to get a better understanding of causality where observational studies have so far dominated. • To isolate effective levers that political actors can pull to create political solidarities. Data: POLITSOLID collects and analyses new data from (1) lab experiments & online surveys, (2) a simulated artificial state ‘Novaland’ in which volunteers from Austria, Germany & Switzerland act as citizens in an online environment, with experimental treatments applied, (3) an international panel survey in six countries and (4) field experiments in collaboration with real political actors.

Mots-clés : public redistribution,welfare state,solidarity,experiments,attitudes,survey,europe,public policy
Projet ERC : POLMAG (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Universe sciences
Entité participante : Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : IAC
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2478750.0 €

POLMAG aims at a true breakthrough in the development and application of polarized radiation diagnostic methods for exploring the magnetic fields of the chromosphere, transition region and corona of the Sun via the interpretation of the Stokes profiles produced by optically polarized atoms and the Hanle and Zeeman effects in ultraviolet (UV), visible and near-infrared spectral lines. To this end, POLMAG will combine and expand expertise on atomic physics, on the quantum theory of radiation, on high-precision spectropolarimetry, on advanced methods in numerical radiative transfer, and on the confrontation of spectropolarimetric observations with spectral synthesis in increasingly realistic three-dimensional (3D) numerical models of the solar atmosphere. POLMAG targets the following very challenging issues: - Which are the optimum spectral lines for probing the magnetism of the outer solar atmosphere ? - How to compute efficiently the Stokes profiles taking into account partial frequency redistribution, J-state quantum interference and the Hanle and Zeeman effects ? - How to determine the magnetic, thermal and dynamic structure of the outer solar atmosphere through confrontations with spectropolarimetric observations ? POLMAG will go well beyond the current state of the art as follows: - Applying and extending the quantum theory of light polarization - Developing and applying efficient radiative transfer codes - Modeling the Ly-alpha and Mg II h & k observations of our CLASP suborbital rocket experiments - Developing novel coronal magnetometry methods by complementing for the first time the information provided by forbidden and permitted lines - Developing the plasma diagnostic techniques needed for the scientific exploitation of spectropolarimetric observations with the new generation of solar telescopes and putting them at the disposal of the astrophysical community POLMAG will open up a new diagnostic window in astrophysics.

Mots-clés : solar physics,spectropolarimetry,solar magnetism,outer solar atmosphere
Projet ERC : PRILA (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Trinity College Dublin — Pays : Irlande — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TCD
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1428342.5 €

PRILA will create the first account of how mechanisms for securing rights, ensuring accountability and achieving adherence to the rule of law are experienced in European prisons. Prisons are places where considerable power differentials exist, and are unique sites for the expression of the values which underpin public and prison law. Systems to ensure that prisoners are treated fairly and that rights are upheld are essential to ensure that imprisonment is conducted in ways that are just and promote good order. These are fundamental principles of the ‘European’ way in penal policy and penal law. Existing accounts of the deployment of penal power overlook key elements of how accountability, the rule of law, and rights are experienced. PRILA will document how prisoners, prison staff, staff of accountability bodies experience structures for ensuring decisions and actions taken in prison are fair, transparent, consistent, subject to appeal and review, and in compliance with principles of human rights. In doing so, PRILA will transform and extend accounts of legitimacy in prisons, judicial review of administrative action, the pains of imprisonment, and understandings of how penal power is experienced. Drawing on the disciplines of public and prison law, human rights, comparative law, and the sociology of punishment, the project will utilise legal, qualitative and quantitative research methods to create an account of how ‘accountability work’ is experienced. It will also examine how accountability structures are manifestations of penal ideologies or types of prison regimes. The project will advance current judicial and legal conceptions of accountability, the rule of law, and fairness, by reference to how these concepts are experienced in practice, and examine whether and how they are distinctively ‘European’. The project will thereby support the creation of better penal policies and practices aimed at the protection of the rule of law and rights in the prison context.

Mots-clés : imprisonment
Projet ERC : COMPUTED (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer science and informatics
Entité participante : Aalto University — Pays : Finlande — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499790.0 €

PROBLEM: Despite extensive research on human-computer interaction (HCI), no method exists that guarantees the optimal or even a provably good user interface (UI) design. The prevailing approach relies on heuristics and iteration, which can be costly and even ineffective, because UI design often involves combinatorially hard problems with immense design spaces, multiple objectives and constraints, and complex user behavior. OBJECTIVES: COMPUTED establishes the foundations for optimizing UI designs. A design can be automatically optimized to given objectives and constraints by using combinatorial optimization methods that deploy predictive models of user behavior as objective functions. Although previous work has shown some improvements to usability, the scope has been restricted to keyboards and widgets. COMPUTED researches methods that can vastly expand the scope of optimizable problems. First, algorithmic support is developed for acquiring objective functions that cover the main human factors in a given HCI task. Second, formal analysis of decision problems in UI design allows combating a broader range of design tasks with efficient and appropriate optimization methods. Third, a novel interactive UI optimization paradigm for UI designers promotes fast convergence to good results even in the face of uncertainty and incomplete knowledge. IMPACT: Combinatorial UI optimization offers a strong complement to the prevailing design approaches. Because the structured search process has a high chance of finding good solutions, optimization could improve the quality of interfaces used in everyday life. Optimization can also increase cost-efficiency, because reference to optimality can eliminate fruitless iteration. Moreover, because no preknowledge of UI design is required, even novices will be able to design great UIs. Even in “messy,” less well-defined problems, it may support designers by allowing them to delegate the solving of well-known sub-problems.
Projet ERC : PROTEGO (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : European University Institute — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : EUI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 165030.99 €

PROTEGO arises out of a fundamental claim: procedural regulatory instruments have causal effects on the performance of political systems because they trigger accountability towards different stakeholders. The mix of policy instruments may be functional or dysfunctional, depending on how accountability mechanisms are combined. This project provides a theoretical rationale to capture the accountability effects by adopting an extension of delegation theory that considers multiple stakeholders. The theoretical framework will allow us to identify the key social mechanisms that make bureaucracies internalize the preferences of accountees. We will test the observable implications of the framework on outcomes that are crucial to the performance of political systems, such as trust in government, ease of business, control of corruption, sustainability. Empirically, we will collect, validate and analyze original data across the EU and its 28 Member States for the period 2000-2015, distinguishing between instruments that cover central departmental activity and independent regulatory agencies. The new dataset will cover administrative procedure acts, freedom of information, notice and comment, judicial review, impact assessment, environmental appraisal, and non-financial instruments for public spending accountability. These are the procedural instruments that enfranchise accountees. The bivariate relationship between a single instrument and outcomes explains little – because it’s the overall ecology or mix of instruments that produces causal effects. These ecologies combine in different sequences and paths associated with the outcome. Hence we will draw on a suitable methodological approach - Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA). Causality and diffusion across time will be also explored via event-history analysis and principal component analysis. PROTEGO will contribute to theories of regulation and accountability, and provide a robust operational model of data and analysis.

Mots-clés : policy instruments,public administration,regulation
Projet ERC : Paget-Advance (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : University of Edinburgh — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2422623.0 €

Paget’s disease of bone (PDB) is a common skeletal disorder in people of European descent characterised by abnormal bone remodeling which disrupts normal bone structure causing pain, deformity, nerve compression syndromes and fractures. The causes of PDB are incompletely understood. Genetic factors play a key role and some predisposing genes been identified but many remain to be discovered as do the mechanisms by which these genes influence bone cell function. Environmental factors also contribute but these are poorly defined, and it remains unclear how genes and environment interact to regulate susceptibility and severity. Further research is required to permit earlier diagnosis and to define the genetic and environmental factors that influence susceptibility to PDB so that new therapeutic strategies can be developed to improve outcome. The Paget-Advance programme will progress beyond state-of-the-art by identifying new genetic variants that predispose to PDB by extended genome wide association studies and next generation sequencing of early onset familial cases where the causal genes are unknown. A genetic profiling test will be developed to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment. The functional mechanisms by which the variants affect bone cell function will be investigated using bioinformatics, cell culture studies and preclinical disease models. Potential environmental triggers will be explored focusing on the intestinal microbiome diet and biomechanical loading using preclinical disease models and prospective clinical studies. The result will be to increase understanding of PDB and to facilitate earlier diagnosis and timely therapeutic intervention which will improve clinical outcome for patients and those at risk of the disease. The research will also have wider significance in advancing knowledge of the fundamental processes that regulate bone remodelling with potential spinoffs for other bone diseases.

Mots-clés : paget s disease of bone,bone disease,clinical studies
Projet ERC : ANTIBODYPAIN (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : Karolinska Institutet — Pays : Suède — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : KI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1993763.0 €

Pain is one of the most problematic symptoms of rheumatic disease such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and fibromyalgia (FM). We have earlier discovered that antibodies (immunoglobulin, IgG) purified from blood of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients induce pain-like behavior when transferred to mice, independent of inflammatory reactions. Even though FM is not considered an autoimmune disease, it has been suggested that neuroimmune dysregulation contribute to the pathogenesis. Therefore, we purified IgG from FM patients and found that also IgG from FM patients, but not healthy controls, have pronociceptive properties in mice, and surprisingly, bind to satellite glial cells in dorsal root ganglia. Our findings highlights the importance of expanding our view on which chronic pain conditions that could have an underlying autoimmunity as part of the pain pathology. Thus, the overall objective of this project is to investigate both general, and disease specific, pain-inducing mechanisms mediated by RA and FM IgG. Objective 1. Investigate how IgG from RA and FM patients induce pain-like behavior after transfer to mice Objective 2. Search for RA and FM IgG induced maladaptive changes in sensory neurons that mediate hyperexcitability and long-term pain-like behavior Using patient and healthy control samples, in vivo mouse behavioral assays, primary neuronal and non-neuronal cell cultures together with stat-of-the-art methodology, we will investigate how RA and FM-associated autoantibodies alter sensory neuronal excitability. If successful our project will not only challenge the view of how antibodies can contribute to pain but also pin-point specific mechanisms by which disease-relevant antibodies induce and maintain pain independent of previously described inflammatory mechanisms. Such findings promise to resolve currently unanswered questions concerning symptoms of pain in RA and FM, and to pave the way for the development of new pain-relieving therapies.

Mots-clés : pain,osteoclasts,satellite glial cells,autoantibodies,immune complex,fc receptors,nerve injury,calcium imaging,electrophysiology,transcriptional regulation,microrna,circrna,smfish
Projet ERC : DiSect (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing
Entité participante : University of Manchester — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1969768.0 €

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDA) are complex heterocellular tumours characterised by extensive desmoplasia. Tumour and stromal host cells actively engage to establish reciprocal signalling loops, which drive cancer progression, resistance to treatment and evasion of immune surveillance. However, the specificity and directionality of these interactions are incompletely characterised. We have previously shown that tumour cells expressing the main oncogenic driver (KRASG12D) co-opt stromal fibroblasts to elicit a reciprocal signal, which activate tumour cell IGF-1R and AXL receptor tyrosine kinases. Importantly, these signals enable tumour cells to engage additional signalling pathways not activated when oncogenic KRAS is expressed in homogeneous tumour cell cultures. Therefore, to fully appreciate tumour cell signalling, studies should be undertaken within the context of the tumour stroma. Early stages of PDA display a gradual accumulation of mutations where activated KRAS is accompanied by loss of tumour suppressors CDKN2A, TP53 and SMAD4. Simultaneously, there is an accumulation of infiltrating stromal cells. To address how PDA cells differ in their interaction with the infiltrating stroma, we will use in vitro co-cultures to study how PDA cells with frequent genetic aberrations recruit and interact with host stromal cells. We will combine our unique methodologies for cell-specific labelling with global proteomics and phosphoproteomics analysis to discern cell-specific signalling between tumour and stroma cells. Following, we will analyse the impact of the tumour stroma on clonal selection and use computational modelling to identify which cell autonomous and non-cell autonomous signals drive progression. Delineating how reciprocal signalling regulates early tumour cell signalling and clonal selection is critical to define pro-tumorigenic from restrictive stromal elements in order to improve combination therapies.

Mots-clés : pancreatic cancer,the tumour stroma,early development
Projet ERC : AGNOSTIC (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Systems and communication engineering
Entité participante : KTH Royal Institute of Technology — Pays : Suède — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : KTH
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 656148.0 €

Parameterized mathematical models have been central to the understanding and design of communication, networking, and radar systems. However, they often lack the ability to model intricate interactions innate in complex systems. On the other hand, data-driven approaches do not need explicit mathematical models for data generation and have a wider applicability at the cost of flexibility. These approaches need labelled data, representing all the facets of the system interaction with the environment. With the aforementioned systems becoming increasingly complex with intricate interactions and operating in dynamic environments, the number of system configurations can be rather large leading to paucity of labelled data. Thus there are emerging networks of systems of critical importance whose cognition is not effectively covered by traditional approaches. AGNOSTIC uses the process of exploration through system probing and exploitation of observed data in an iterative manner drawing upon traditional model-based approaches and data-driven discriminative learning to enhance functionality, performance, and robustness through the notion of active cognition. AGNOSTIC clearly departs from a passive assimilation of data and aims to formalize the exploitation/exploration framework in dynamic environments. The development of this framework in three applications areas is central to AGNOSTIC. The project aims to provide active cognition in radar to learn the environment and other active systems to ensure situational awareness and coexistence; to apply active probing in radio access networks to infer network behaviour towards spectrum sharing and self-configuration; and to learn and adapt to user demand for content distribution in caching networks, drastically improving network efficiency. Although these cognitive systems interact with the environment in very different ways, sufficient abstraction allows cross-fertilization of insights and approaches motivating their joint treatment.

Mots-clés : signal processing,statistical signal processing,wireless communications,mimo communications,radar,mimo radar,cognitive radio,cognitive radar
Projet ERC : PD UpReg (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : University of Helsinki — Pays : Finlande — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UH
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999987.0 €

Parkinson’s disease (PD) affects 1% of elderly persons and is currently incurable. PD pathogenesis is driven, at least in part, by defects in proteostasis and mitochondrial function, leading to degeneration of dopaminergic axons and neuronal death. Neurotrophic factors (NTFs) such as GDNF can protect and restore dopaminergic axons. However, attempts to deploy NTFs ectopically in therapy models, or to increase proteostasis and mitochondrial function, have met with only limited success. I hypothesize that instead of ectopic application, over-expression of relevant pathways restricted to physiologically appropriate cells provides a potent therapeutic approach to treat PD. I have made significant progress toward this goal by targeting the 3’UTR in the mouse Gdnf gene, thereby increasing expression levels without affecting the gene’s spatiotemporal expression pattern. Using this approach I have shown that elevation of endogenous GDNF levels protects mice from experimentally induced PD. Unlike ectopic GDNF application, it causes no side effects. Importantly, I have established that GDNF levels can be elevated by 3’UTR targeting in adulthood, suggesting that this strategy could be applied in humans late in life. I will use 3’UTR targeting to study the therapeutic potential of overexpressing endogenous genes, using transgenics and CRISPR-Cas9‒mediated 3’UTR editing in adult mice. First, I will increase the expression of NTFs in adult mice with experimentally induced PD. Next, I will upregulate genes important in mitochondrial function and proteostasis and test whether concurrently upregulating endogenous NTFs is a viable approach for treating PD. Third, I will use 3’UTR targeting to create a mouse model of PD in which alpha-synuclein is overexpressed, for better validation of my therapeutic strategy. Collectively, these experiments should establish proof of concept for a revolutionary, safe and effective treatment for PD.

Mots-clés : parkinson s disease,gene therapy,proteostasis,mitochondrial function,neurotrophic factors,3 utr