Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : WorkPoliticsBIP (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Soci al World and Its Interactions
Entité participante : University College Dublin — Pays : Irlande — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UCD
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1998711.0 €

This project will investigate the nexus between labour precariousness and authoritarian politics in Brazil, India, and the Philippines (BIP). At the beginning of the 2000s, emergent economies were promising global democratic powers. Yet, democratic consolidation faces significant challenges as BIP nations elect populist authoritarian politicians. The understanding of such a process remains fragmented or limited to a global North repertoire. This project proposes a framework that examines emerging economies’ development contradictions, namely economic growth that fostered new aspirational classes amidst labour precariousness. Several figures show that emerging classes supported authoritarian politicians in the BIPs. We interrogate why and how this occurs. A key problem in the scholarship on radical right supporters is to rely exclusively on reactionary emotions of anger, hate, resentment, and nostalgia in contexts of impoverishment and recession. In contexts of growth, reactive emotions must be understood alongside active drivers of aspirations and self-fulfilment stimulated by the entrepreneurial ideal. An innovative combination of intensive ethnography and extensive data sciences will analyse the ideological nexus between precarious platform workers’ and authoritarian politicians’ values in the BIP countries. Simultaneous 14-month ethnography in each country and data mining aim to scrutinise confluences and divergences between the two axes. This comparative research looks at how political subjectivity and aspirations are culturally and technologically shaped in different countries and platforms. The research team will explore two intertwined phenomena: (a) the sociological roots related to platform labour precariousness that makes this converge possible (sense of authenticity, isolation, individualism, competitiveness, entrepreneurial spirit), and (b) the technological infrastructure that promotes and reconfigures interactions between the two axes.

Mots-clés : far right brazil india philippines
Projet ERC : OCEANID (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth System Science
Entité participante : Lyon-I université — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Lyon I
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1932500.0 €

The Martian missions have gradually revealed that Mars abounds with evidence of a full ancient hydrological system favourable to life emergence. If so, there is every reasons to believe that Mars has hosted a hemispheric ocean covering the northern lowlands. This hypothesis is as old as Mars exploration, but has been repeatedly challenged over the past two decades. The case of primitive Martian ocean remains one of the planet’s most controversial and unsolved issue. Recent discoveries are re-opening this question mainly highlighting that the main oceanic activity may be older than we thought with related deposits partly exhumed and two rovers (Mars2020/NASA arrived in 2021 and ExoMars/ESA-Roskosmos to be launched in 2022) have landing sites in the oldest terrains never explored on Mars, displaying sediments possibly linked with an ocean system. To wind up the debate, the identification of ancient deposits of the same age, same composition with a global distribution in agreement with a possible ocean level is required. But such clues are small scale exposures solved only by high-resolution orbital data set (>10 To of data) or by in situ exploration preventing a forward link to the global context. Oceanid proposes to face this challenge by investigating at different scale: global, mesoscale and microscale using complementary dataset (orbital, in situ and experimental data). Oceanid will also lie on innovative methodology of orbital data mining: geological object recognition by artificial intelligence, erosion/deposition evolution models, clustering from multi-type of data… Oceanid objectives are to describe the early Martian sedimentary record accumulated below possible global ocean levels, to establish a fine-scale chronology of primitive events, to contextualize Mars2020 and ExoMars missions within the global ancient hydrological system and to correlate the oceanic context, the transient water cycle, and the mineralogy observed both from orbit and in situ.

Mots-clés : remote sensing,martian geology,landing sites
Projet ERC : PROMISE (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental Constituents of Matter
Entité participante : GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : GSI
Type d'entité : Autres
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2000000.0 €

Half of the approximately 4 million annual cancer cases in Europe receive radiotherapy. While many cancer patients have benefitted from technical improvements in recent years, widespread diseases, such as pancreatic and lung cancer, still have dismally low cure rates, with median survival of less than 2 years. Carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) offers unprecedented precision in delivering tumour dose, and can be the much needed game changer for these patients. However, CIRT is vulnerable to uncertainties in patient positioning, anatomy changes and organ motion. The current clinical approach is to increase the high dose volume to ensure target coverage, counteracting the primary advantage of CIRT. Novel strategies for image guidance and beam range assessment are crucial to unlock the full potential of CIRT for the best possible patient care.  PROMISE, for the first time, will produce mixed ion beams that enable concurrent treatment and image guidance. Carbon ions deliver the dose to the target while Helium ions, simultaneously accelerated to the same velocity, traverse the patient and monitor tumour location and beam range. PROMISE realizes true portal imaging, providing real-time information on the target anatomy as seen by the treatment beam. Coupled with innovative detectors, AI-based image recognition, and online dose reconstruction, this technique will enable to drastically reduce safety margins, and achieve the full potential of CIRT.  The GSI accelerators are uniquely suited to develop the first mixed beam of Carbon and Helium, along with strategies for their cost-effective translation to existing and future clinical CIRT centres. The method will be validated experimentally in GSI’s former CIRT treatment room. Patient simulation studies will highlight clinical benefit and characterize ideal use cases. A demonstration in an animal model will pave the way for clinical transition. The mixed beam image guidance of PROMISE will lead to a paradigm shift in CIRT.

Mots-clés : carbon ion beam therapy,particle therapy,cancer,image guidance
Projet ERC : DEXES (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Immunity, Infection and I mmunotherapy
Entité participante : Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Inserm
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1900000.0 €

Malaria remains a devastating public health burden – the estimated death toll in 2020 was over 600,000. Its eradication is a desirable goal; however, the development of novel intervention strategies is hampered by limited current understanding of the biology of Plasmodium, the causative agent of malaria, and of its complex interactions with mammalian and mosquito hosts. In the liver, inside hepatocytes, Plasmodium parasites can either 1) replicate, forming new parasites that will infect erythrocytes and cause disease, or 2) remain dormant, which can lead to chronic, relapsing disease weeks to years after the original infection. I recently discovered new hepatic outcomes using a novel pipeline for single-cell hepatocyte-pathogen sequencing. I have identified sub-populations of sexually committed parasite forms, previously thought to appear only during erythrocytic infection. This groundbreaking insight into the Plasmodium life cycle can change our understanding of malaria transmission, yet it remains unknown how malaria parasites commit to these different developmental outcomes in hepatocytes. DEXES will test the hypothesis that Plasmodium liver infection outcomes depend upon the metabolic state of the host hepatocyte. Using engineered human microlivers, new humanized mouse models, trans-species studies and single-cell technologies, I will: 1) identify parasite-encoded molecular mechanisms implicated in the induction and maintenance of dormancy, activation, and sexual conversion in the liver, and 2) establish the bidirectional relationships between host metabolism and distinct parasite cell fates and their impact on treatment outcomes. This project will uncover the molecular mechanisms underpinning dormancy, relapsing and transmission of malaria parasites, and lay the groundwork for the future development of new therapies targeting the liver infection reservoirs.

Mots-clés : malaria,plasmodium,plasmodium vivax,hypnozoites,dormancy,relapse,sexual commitment,transmission,single cell,transcriptomics,host parasite interactions,metabolism,liver,hepatocytes,gametocytes
Projet ERC : SPEEDY (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Compl exity
Entité participante : Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Inserm
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1861100.0 €

This interdisciplinary project will define an integrated model of speech processing by recording, modelling and manipulating neural oscillatory dynamics during perception of speech defined as a multiscale temporal signal. Dominant models of speech perception describe its underlying neural mechanisms at a static neuroanatomical level, neglecting the cognitive algorithmic and neural dynamic levels of description. These latter can only be investigated by considering the temporal dimension of speech, which is structured according to a hierarchy of linguistic timescales (phoneme, syllable, word, phrase). Recent advances in behavioural paradigms, computational modelling, and neuroimaging data analysis make it now possible to investigate the cognitive algorithms and neural dynamics subtending the processing of speech. To define an integrated model of speech perception, this project seeks to: 1. record neural activity in humans with magnetoencephalography and intracranial recordings during perception of continuous speech; 2. quantify linguistic information at each timescale of speech with a computational model; and 3. estimate their respective and shared neural correlates with multivariate and directed connectivity analyses. Feasibility is ensured by an in-house access to neuroimaging and intracranial recordings as exemplified in the data on Figure 1 of this proposal. This project will critically test whether neural oscillations play a fundamental role in the computational processes of perception and cognition. It will define the mapping between speech and neural timescales and reveal how information is transferred and combined along the linguistic computational processing hierarchy. It will overall specify -in terms of the nature of the information processed and of the dynamical hierarchical organization- the respective contributions of left and right hemispheric ventral and dorsal auditory pathways in speech processing.

Mots-clés : humans cognitive and systems neuroscience speech perception neuroimaging linguistic acoustic computational modelling neural dynamics information theory
Projet ERC : PRENATALL (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing
Entité participante : Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Inserm
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2857135.0 €

The prenatal period is a critical timeframe during which all the physiological systems of the body, including immune and sensory systems, develop their specific functions and adapt to possible incoming cues. Atopic dermatitis, also known as “eczema”, is the most common skin manifestation in infants and toddlers from 3 months to 2 years of age, with a very early onset during the first years of life. While genetic and immune factors play an important role, recent epidemiological studies have listed prenatal stress as an important risk factor of allergic disorders, and associated prolonged exposure to high emotional strain during pregnancy to an increase in the offspring susceptibility to develop eczema. The proposed project aims to seek external factors that might influence the development of eczema in infants through the lenses of neuro-immunology. We wish to use sophisticated mouse models, single cell transcriptomics and whole-tissue imaging approaches to evaluate how a relevant model of non-infectious prenatal stress can predispose offspring to develop eczematous lesions that resemble pediatric atopic dermatitis. We will then explore if the observed phenotype could be driven by in utero dysregulations of myeloid cells (in particular mast cells) and peripheral sensory neurons development and subsequent formation of abnormal skin neuro-immune units in offspring. To accomplish these goals, we have proposed herein a body of work that is solidly based on preliminary data, with four Aims that will test innovative hypotheses by using informative transcriptomic approaches, as well as a new multiplexed imaging system that we recently developed. This work will thus address significant gaps in our knowledge about how prenatal adverse events could set the stage toward the development of classical features of pediatric eczema and, most importantly, should lead toward potential new therapeutic/preventive options for allergic disorders.

Mots-clés : mast cell,myeloid cell,eczema,atopic dermatitis,sensory neurons,allergy,single cell rna sequencing,multiplexed imaging
Projet ERC : ReWorkChange (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Studies of Cultures and Arts
Entité participante : Université d'Anvers — Pays : Belgique — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999999.0 €

Remote work has become normalised as an important aspect of people’s lives across different professions, social classes and geographic regions. In the knowledge economy, work is now less tied to specific physical locations and is re-spatialised in new hybrid ways. But what are the consequences of remote work and always-on-connectivity on people's everyday lives? How do these affect social institutions such as the home, family, household and friendship, and broader processes of social change? ReWorkChange aims to answer these questions by delivering a comparative ethnographic study of the societal consequences of remote work, defined as work tasks performed outside the traditional office setting. Most research on remote work has been carried out in the fields of management and organisational studies and is limited to case studies in the global north. In contrast, ReWorkChange’s scope is far radically more comprehensive and wide-ranging. The project will build on practice theories to conduct a comparative study of the consequences of remote work on people’s everyday lives in six countries with an advanced knowledge economy: China, India, Italy, Mexico, the Netherlands and Turkey. It will provide rich and compelling ethnographic evidence of everyday practices to generate theories of social institutions and a broader theory of remote work and social change. The PI has extensively explored family life, kinship, love, romances, gendered relations, home and homeland as mediated practices, in Lebanon, Turkey, Italy and the Netherlands. Additionally, she has previously worked towards the conceptualisation of digital media and social change. She is, hence, the ideal candidate to achieve the ambitious goal of exploring and theorising the impact and implications global processes of digitalisation and transformations of work have on cultures and societies worldwide.

Mots-clés : digital anthropology media and social change media and practices digital cultures digital societies future of work anthropology of work
Projet ERC : TRANSCEND (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and Processes Engineering
Entité participante : Université d'Anvers — Pays : Belgique — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999588.0 €

To avoid catastrophic climate change, European countries are bound by the European Climate Law to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions to become climate-neutral by 2050. To meet this necessary but steep target, radical progress in the technology for carbon capture and utilization (CCU) is needed. Electrochemical reduction of CO2 (eCO2R) is key to aid in the reduction of carbon levels and the production of sustainable chemicals and fuels. Current electrochemical reactor systems suffer from low efficiency and mass transport inhibitions due to the low CO2 solubility in aqueous electrolytes. By using gaseous CO2, zero gap electrolyzers overcome the low solubility issue. However, the productivity and product purity obtained with current zero gap cells are still a far way off from the industrially required levels. We believe that the main blame for this lies with the components used to facilitate the mass transport of the CO2 gas and liquid water to the catalyst on the one hand, and the removal of products and solid carbonate salts, out of the cell on the other hand, as they are still based on materials used in hydrogen fuel cells. The use of unsuitable materials affects the overall efficiency negatively. In TRANSCEND, I propose a disruptive approach to the CO2 electrolyzer. I will apply a radically new bottom-up design to arrive at an integrated structure of all components responsible for multiphase transport. Three work packages are designed to develop an in-depth understanding of the mass transport and functionality of each of the different reactor components whilst in parallel building up the integrated electrolyzer. The envisaged high control over the mass transport and reaction environment will lead to high efficiency and durability. If successful TRANSCEND will contribute greatly to the fundamental understanding of the requirements and operation of eCO2R reactors and lay the foundation for the next generation and industrial application of this technology.

Mots-clés : electrochemical engineering porous transport electrode 3d nanostructuring co2 electrolyzers
Projet ERC : CREADOZE (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Compl exity
Entité participante : Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Inserm
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1995218.0 €

Sleep often escapes us when we need it or intrudes when we would prefer to stay awake. What if we could control when we fall asleep? While our understanding of sleep has rapidly grown, what happens during the wake to sleep transition remains mysterious, potentially due to the widespread assumption that we are either awake or asleep. The current standard is to define vigilance states through coarse, physiological criteria that are visually assessed on fixed, 30s-epochs. In this framework, the sleep onset period (SOP) typically corresponds to the first sleep stage. Yet, this classification in discrete sleep stages fails to account for the gradual, dynamic changes observed in the descent to sleep, on the behavioral (reduced responsiveness to stimuli), subjective (dream-like experiences called hypnagogia) and cognitive level (decline in executive functions, enhanced creativity). To better understand how we transition from full vigilance to sleep, I propose to integrate, within the same framework the many dimensions of the sleep onset process. I hypothesize that the behavioral, subjective, and cognitive changes associated with the SOP are each reflected by specific neurophysiological signatures that are partially independent of sleep stages. I recently found candidate physiological markers for the different SOP dimensions. In CREADOZE, I will leverage on these findings to refine in space and time the neurophysiological signatures reflecting the processes which decline (behavioral responsiveness, executive abilities) and those which emerge (hypnagogia, creativity) during the SOP, using multimodal physiological recordings. I will explore how these markers fluctuate in relation to each other and identify potential factors influencing them (sleep pressure; sleep disorder). Then, I will use neurofeedback to train individuals to either resist or embrace sleep. If successful, this proposal will open the possibility to harness the sleep onset period depending on one’s needs.

Mots-clés : sleep sleep onset creativity
Projet ERC : DUALNETS (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Soci al World and Its Interactions
Entité participante : Université d'Utrecht — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999894.0 €

Improving relations between ethnic minority and majority groups is one of the most pressing needs in modern societies. This project will test a new theory: that such relations can be improved by minority members who identify with both their ethnic group and the national majority group, because these dual identifiers can create social bridges between communities. However, not all dual identifiers are recognized as such by others, and misperception may undermine the bridging that dual identifiers can accomplish. I propose that (a) dual identifiers’ relationships with members of both groups are signals of their dual belonging, but that the degree to which these signals are picked up depends on people’s perception of the structure of their social networks, (b) that perceiving dual identifiers improves intergroup attitudes and relationships, and (c) that these effects occur most likely under specific situational and social psychological conditions. Thus, this project will advance the interdisciplinary fields of intergroup relations and network science by moving away from the problematic assumptions of previous work that people are always fully aware of others’ dual identities and relationships. I will develop and test a pioneering methodology to measure perceptions of people’s ethnicity and their relationships in social networks. Survey experiments and a two- and three-wave longitudinal school study will then be conducted to (1) detect how perceived relationships in social networks affect recognition of dual identifiers, (2) uncover whether and how perceiving dual identifiers (as social bridges) improves interethnic relations, and (3) discover factors that prevent or facilitate the effect of dual identifiers. Next to the theoretical innovation, the focus on the consequences of perceived social networks will break new ground in social network analysis. The findings will lead to new approaches for facilitating the development of positive interethnic relations.

Mots-clés : social network analysis,intergroup contact,ethnic identity,longitudinal,methodology