Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : LocalGlobal (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : Tel Aviv University — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TAU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1684375.0 €

The PI proposes to study a variety of open problems in extremal combinatorics, an area that deals with the asymptotic relations between various parameters of large discrete structures. This area has grown tremendously in the past few decades, in depth and in breadth, and supplied many spectacular results that affected various other areas of mathematics, such as number theory, group theory, probability theory, information theory and theoretical computer science. A common theme in many of the problems the PI will investigate is the relation between local and global properties of various discrete structures. For example, suppose a graph contains few copies of some fixed graph; what can one infer from this simple local restriction about other more global properties of this object? Perhaps surprisingly, many of the outstanding open problems in extremal combinatorics can be cast in this manner. One such problem is the celebrated hypergraph removal lemma. An important goal of this project is to obtain the first primitive recursive bounds for this fundamental problem. Another family of such problems are motivated by questions in theoretical computer science and ask to develop fast algorithms for deciding if a discrete structure satisfies some predetermined property. The PI will develop a unifying theory for such problems using various combinatorial tools introduced in the past few years. Another set of problems ask to establish that hypergraphs excluding certain types of sub-structures, possess surprisingly good Ramsey-type properties. The common thread going through the above problems is Szemeredi's regularity lemma, which is one of the most powerful tools in extremal combinatorics. An important goal of this project is to find new applications of the graph and hypergraph versions this lemma, but more importantly, to develop new efficient variants of the lemma, tailored for specific applications, that would allow us to settle the problems discussed in this proposal.

Mots-clés : graph theory,hypergraphs,removal lemma,turan problems,regularity lemma,quasi randomness,property testing,ramsey theory,local statistics,np hardness,computability
Projet ERC : PLASILOR (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Systems and communication engineering
Entité participante : Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology — Pays : Suisse — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ETH Zurich
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2487475.0 €

The PLASILOR project aims at combining the best of three worlds by bringing silicon, organic and plasmonic technologies onto one common platform. Within PLASILOR, we will develop novel devices that outperform the current state-of-the-art in terms of functionality, speed and size thanks to unique characteristics only offered by organics and plasmonics. The focus of the device activities will be on novel transmitters and receivers and their subcomponents. Key to the project will be high-speed plasmonic-organic hybrid modulators with 200 GHz bandwidth and novel plasmonic detectors with a similar bandwidth. The project will also pursue the development of novel waveguide and coupler concepts for optical, THz and plasmonic modes but also work actively towards the development of new organic sources and make them accessible to the communications community by benefiting from recent developments in the field of organic lighting. Finally, the potential of the new platform will be put at test by demonstrating a 240 GHz beam-steering link on a chip - an undertaking that would be difficult – if not impossible to realize by other means. This radio-over fiber link will be based on a cointegration of both high-speed photonics and RF elements such as antennas. The demonstrator will benefit from the unique large scale integration capabilities offered by silicon CMOS, the strong linear-electro-optic effect of tailored organic compounds and the ultra-fast and compact size offered by plasmonics. The project is disruptive and challenging but it builds on the device and system expertise of the applicant. For instance, Juerg Leuthold and his group have only recently demonstrated the first ultra-compact high speed plasmonic modulator and they introduced the first wireless 100 Gbit/s link. The new platform will not only be a solution for THz communications – but also for the wider field of THz applications.

Mots-clés : optical communications,integrated optics,silicon photonics,plasmonics
Projet ERC : POSEC (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : Uppsala University — Pays : Suède — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 131250.0 €

The POSEC project proposes the study of a hitherto under-researched phenomenon in the field of religion and politics: the rise of traditionalists, i.e. religious actors who rely on the conservative religious and political establishment in their respective home-countries, co-opt political and civil society actors, and forge transnational alliances, thereby inaugurating a new kind of religious politics which has not yet been studied and theorized in depth. The project will explore the agenda and transnational networks of traditionalist moral conservative actors from the perspective of the Russian Orthodox Church and its connections with the Russian political establishment on the grounds that it is necessary to understand the role and the resources of Russian politics and Orthodox religion in order to assess correctly the scope of this “moralist international” and the challenge it poses to liberal democracy. The research will analyse traditionalist actors and their ideas with regard to the three main areas where religious-moral conflicts emerge – religious symbols & free speech, sexuality & gender, and bioethics & biotechnology – and across four international institutional settings – the United Nations Human Rights Council, the Council of Europe, the European Court of Human Rights, and forums of inter-religious dialogue like the World Council of Churches. Adopting a contextualized political theory approach, the project will develop on the basis of the empirical and theoretical insights drawn from this case-study a reflexive political pluralist model of moral conflicts. This model offers an innovative extension to political liberalism inasmuch as it assesses within the political liberal framework the new reality of majoritarian, transnational traditionalist politics.

Mots-clés : political theory,political liberalism,religion,traditionalism,moral conservatism,conflict,russian orthodox church
Projet ERC : PROST (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Proof of concept grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Systems and communication engineering
Entité participante : University of Verona — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 150000.0 €

The PROST PoC proposal aims at demonstrating the technical, clinical and economical feasibility of autonomous prostate biopsy execution, by applying the technologies developed by the ERC project ARS (Autonomous Robotic Surgery) to a robotic prostate biopsy system. Prostate biopsy is a good candidate for the application of automation in clinical practice since it is a rather simple procedure, carried out on more than 1 Mil/year patients in Europe, and still affected by a diagnostic error higher than 30%. This means that about 300,000 patients in Europe alone, are directed to therapies that will require repeated biopsies or will make the patient undergo unnecessary surgeries. Errors are mostly due to human inaccuracy in identifying the correct biopsy target and in executing the free-hand biopsy. The PROST project aims at removing the human from the identification/execution process, thus reducing the diagnosis and execution errors. The project is made feasible by two enabling factors: the on going ERC project ARS that is developing sensing and control architecture for autonomous surgical robots, and the availability of a prototype of robot for prostate biopsy developed with a grant by the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation. The PROST project will integrate the sensing and control architecture with the biopsy hardware and avoid lengthy hardware and software development. Thus, the first objective of the proposal is the technical validation of the autonomous prostate biopsy system. Then, extensive cadaveric tests will determine the clinical rationale to use an autonomous robot for prostate biopsy. Finally, the third objective of PROST is to develop and validate a business case for the commercial exploitation of the PROST prototype, addressing low cost/high volume cases. The positive results of these validations will be a strong motivation for the development of a start up company that will industrialize and medically certify the system.

Mots-clés : autonomous robots,robotic surgery,robotic diagnosis,prostate biopsy
Projet ERC : METACOUSTIC (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Proof of concept grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : CERCA Institution — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CERCA;I-CERCA
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 150000.0 €

The PoC METACOUSTIC aims at designing (by resorting to the cutting-edge computational modeling and design techniques arisen from the ERC Advanced grant COMP-DES-MAT), prototyping and testing Locally Resonant Acoustic Metamaterial (LRAM) products (panels and liners) for tailored insulation of ambient noise, to be used in building construction, civil engineering, transportation, and other industrial and social environments. The highly innovative solution that METACOUSTIC offers to the market is a breakthrough service providing bespoke soundproofing solutions that meet and exceed the specific soundproofing requirements of customers. It particularly focuses on being able to identify and supress the exact and unique noise spectrum signature that needs to be attenuated. The solution exploits the locally resonant properties of artificially designed microstructures. A locally resonant acoustic metamaterial (LRAM) is able to cancel or attenuate incident sound waves with frequencies close to its natural frequencies, which emerge from its internal structure or topology. The tailored character of the design solutions outcoming from the METACOUSTIC PoC will add dramatic innovation with respect to the existing ones, since specific frequency regions to attenuate can be selected through the topological design of the LRAM, resulting in lightweight products for tailored acoustic insulation. The METACOUSTIC work-plan considers the two types of objectives which drive Proof of Concept projects. One strand of the work is the ‘proof of technical concepts’ line to have assembled the technical excellence to develop and the research findings from the ERC AdG into proven deliverables, ready to begin the transition from lab to commercial application. Equally important is the strand of ‘dissemination and commercialisation activities’, which will lead to early phase market intelligence and deal with issues of IPR ownership and exploitation strategy.

Mots-clés : computational material design,locally resonant acoustic metamaterials  lram,frequency,tailored acoustic insulation products,experimental prototype testing
Projet ERC : Reintegrate (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Maastricht University — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UM
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 4590.41 €

The Reintegrate project will combine the fields of reintegration and migration governance to establish a new sub-field of reintegration governance (RG). This project will develop a conceptual understanding of what is reintegration governance, its implementation and effectiveness and a new theoretical framework of how different forms of reintegration governance shape returnees reintegration outcomes across an in-depth comparative analysis of four different states: Ethiopia, Morocco, Nepal, and Serbia. The project is rooted in the nexus between policies and migrants agency by using a trajectories approach and active navigators to illustrate the role that returnees play in their own reintegration outcomes. The project makes several original contributions. First, this will be the first study that examines how reintegration is governed and will take a global approach to compare different regimes of RG. Second, the project uses an original analytical and empirical approach to compare RG across four case study countries that are each selected to represent a different form of RG. Ethiopia represents origin country led RG wherein the state has a national reintegration proclamation. Morocco represents supranational led RG characterized be an EU Readmission Agreement, IOM Assisted Voluntary Return Programmes (AVR), and a GIZ Migration Advisory Centre. Serbia represents high RG including both supranational and origin country led RG. Nepal represents low RG wherein only an IOM AVR programme is operational. Third, the reintegrate project addresses a gap in migration governance by bringing in the trajectories and navigation of returnees as a critical dimension in the analysis. The reintegrate project will have an impact on migration studies, human geography and political science through the establishment of the new sub-field of reintegration governance.

Mots-clés : return,reintegration,governance,migration
Projet ERC : RICONTRANS (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : Benaki Museum — Pays : Grèce — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Autres
Financement ERC de l'entité : 252570.0 €

The Russian religious artefacts (icons and ecclesiastical furnishings) held in museums, church or monastery collections in the Balkans and Eastern Mediterranean constitute a body of valuable monuments hitherto largely neglected by historians and historians of art. These objects acquire various interrelated religious/ideological, political and aesthetic meanings, value and uses. Their transfer and reception is a significant component of the larger process of transformation of the artistic language and visual culture in the region and its transition from medieval to modern idioms. It is at the same time a process reflecting the changing cultural and political relations between Russia and the Orthodox communities in the Ottoman Empire and its successor states in the Balkans over a long period of time (16th-20th century). In this dynamic transfer, piety, propaganda and visual culture appear intertwined in historically unexplored and theoretically provoking ways. The aim of RICONTRANS is to investigate, for the first time in a systematic and interdisciplinary way, this transnational phenomenon of artefact transfer and reception. Applying the cultural transfer approach in combination with the recent challenging openings of art history to visual studies, this project aims to: map the phenomenon in its long history by identifying preserved objects in the region; follow the paths and identify the mediums of this transfer; analyse the dynamics and the moving factors (religious, political, ideological) of this process during its various historical phases; study and classify these objects according to their iconographic and artistic particularities; inquire into the aesthetic, ideological, political, and social factors which shaped the context of the reception of Russian religious art objects in various social, cultural and religious environments; investigate the influence of these transferred artefacts on the visual culture of the host societies.

Mots-clés : cultural transfer,visual culture,religious art,cultural politics
Projet ERC : SCOPE (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Synergy grants)
Entité participante : University of Messina — Pays : Italie — Rôle : CO-PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UNIME
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2491413.13 €

The SCOPE project will introduce a ground-breaking approach to use renewable energy in three major industrial reactions: 1) N2 fixation, 2) CH4 valorization and 3) CO2 conversion to liquid solar fuels. We will use non-thermal plasma, which has large potential to convert these small (low reactive) molecules under near ambient temperature and pressure, particularly for distributed processes based on renewable energy. The new processes have drastically lower carbon footprint (up to over 90% with respect to current ones). Furthermore, CO2 conversion is crucial for a world-based distribution of renewable energy. However, the selectivity and energy efficiency of plasma technologies for these reactions are too low, making radically new approaches necessary. The Project idea is to realize a highly innovative approach for non-thermal plasma symbiosis with catalysis. By inducing excited states in solid catalysts to work in synergy with the excited short-lived plasma species, we introduce a brand new idea for catalyst-plasma symbiosis. In addition, we introduce a fully new concept of nano-/micro-plasma array through a novel electrode design, to generate the plasma at the catalyst surface, thereby overcoming long distance transport. By embedding ferro-magnetic nano-domains in the catalyst support and inducing radiofrequency heating, we create fast temperature modulations directly at the catalyst active sites. Combining these elements, the project will overcome the actual limits and enhance the selectivity and energy efficiency to levels suitable for exploitation. This requires a synergy over different scale elements: nano at catalyst, micro at the level of modelling plasma generated species, milli at the reactor scale and mega at the plant level for sustainability-driven opportunity guidance and impact assessment by Life-Cycle-Assessment. The synergy value derives from the integration of the PI competencies over this entire dimensional-scale level.

Mots-clés : non thermal plasma,process and energy intensification,surface confined plasma,ammonia
Projet ERC : SONORA (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Systems and communication engineering
Entité participante : KU Leuven — Pays : Belgique — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : KUL
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999825.0 €

The SONORA project aims to increase the general understanding of how complex sound scenes are impacted by the spatial dynamics of room acoustics. This knowledge is crucial in the design of signal processing algorithms for audio acquisition and reproduction problems in real-life situations, where moving sound sources and observers interact with room acoustics in a complicated manner. A major part of the project will be devoted to the development of novel room acoustics models and to the unification of existing models. The room acoustics models developed in this project will be data-driven models with a physically motivated structure, and are expected to fill the existing gap between geometric and wave-based models. This will be achieved by formulating existing and novel models in a dictionary-based mathematical framework and introducing a new concept coined as the equivalent boundary model, aimed at relaxing the prior knowledge required on the physical room boundary. A second part of the project will focus on the development of a protocol for measuring spatiotemporal sound fields. This protocol will be rooted in a novel sound field sampling theory which exploits the spatial sparsity of sound sources by invoking the compressed sensing paradigm. Thirdly, novel signal processing algorithms capable of handling spatiotemporal sound fields will be designed. By employing recent advances in large-scale optimization and multidimensional scaling, fast and matrix-free algorithms will be obtained that do not require prior knowledge of the sound scene geometry. The SONORA research results are anticipated to have a notable impact in various audio acquisition and reproduction problems, including acoustic signal enhancement, audio analysis, room inference, virtual acoustics, and spatial audio reproduction. These problems have many applications in speech, audio, and hearing technology, hence a significant benefit for industry and for technology end users is expected in the long run.

Mots-clés : room acoustics,audio signal processing,acoustic signal enhancement,audio analysis,room inference,virtual acoustics,spatial audio reproduction
Projet ERC : SPEAR (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental constituents of matter
Entité participante : University of Warwick — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1875781.0 €

The Standard Model (SM) is widely accepted to be an approximation of a more complete theory of nature, but laboratory tests have failed to identify a conclusive deviation from its precise predictions. In the SM two of the four fundamental forces of nature, namely the electromagnetic and weak nuclear forces, are governed by three fundamental parameters. These parameters are precisely fixed by experimental determinations of the Z boson mass, the fine structure constant, and the Fermi constant. Other parameters are subsequently predictable and can therefore be confronted with experimental data, potentially exposing physics effects beyond the SM. Of notable importance are the W boson mass and the weak-mixing angle since these two parameters are not yet measured as precisely as they are predicted. A delicate feature of the SM, which could easily be perturbed by new physics, is the universality between the coupling strengths of the three known lepton generations to the gauge bosons. There is an intriguing set of beauty hadron measurements which suggest a violation of lepton universality, with a particularly large effect in the third generation. While inconclusive at this stage these results intensify the demand for a test of a potentially related anomaly in the partial decay width of the W boson to third generation leptons. Qualitatively new ideas are needed to tackle these scientific problems. LHCb is the first experiment of its kind, as a small-angle spectrometer detector at a hadron collider, and the SPEAR project is well timed to analyse existing data from LHCb and the full dataset from the first running period with the LHCb upgrade. The SPEAR project sets ambitious goals of (i) measuring the W mass for the first time with a small-angle spectrometer (ii), making the first weak mixing angle determination at a hadron collider that matches the precision of electron-positron colliders, and (iii) resolving the long-standing W boson lepton universality puzzle.

Mots-clés : precision electroweak collider hadron beyond standard model