Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : BROKEX (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : University of Oslo — Pays : Norvège — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UiO
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1490773.0 €

Chinese global engagements are deepening across sectors and geographic regions. The objective of BROKEX is to fill specific gaps in knowledge about how China’s extraversion advances. The project takes an original approach by examining brokers who mediate in transnational fields. It opens the “black box” of China’s global integration by moving beyond descriptions of input and output characteristics to elucidate underlying dynamics. The objective will be achieved in two phases. First, the PI and two postdoctoral researchers will carry out ethnographic case studies in the Pearl River Delta, South China, that yield complementary information on the common challenge of brokering across geographic scales: * Connecting low-cost Chinese manufacturing with African markets; * Integrating Chinese academic research with global scientific communities; * Transnational architecture production. The diverse cases offer insights into the mechanisms of brokerage across distinctive sectors. In the second step, we build on the empirical findings and literature to develop brokerage theory. Social scientific research on brokerage commonly uses the morphology of social networks as its starting point, and focuses on how actors positioned at the intersection between groups operate. BROKEX adopts an innovative approach by examining how actors strategically seek to shape network morphologies in order to bridge gaps between groups. By directing theoretical attention towards relationship formation that precedes acts of brokerage, this line of inquiry advances understandings of how and why brokered connections emerge. Ethnographic case studies combined with critical theorization will generate new knowledge about the processes beneath the “rise of China” ─ one of the most consequential socioeconomic developments of our times.

Mots-clés : brokerage,ethnography,scale,china studies,petty trade,industrial upgrading,research governance
Projet ERC : TRAM (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : Xiamen University — Pays : Chine — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : XMU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 54625.0 €

Chinese history was co-constructed by Han (Chinese) people, transmitters of farming language and culture, and non-Han people, typically transmitters of nomadic language and culture in North and Northwest China. Governance by non-Han steppe rulers lasted for almost ten centuries (half of the history of imperial China since the First Emperor of Qin) and the Gansu-Qinghai area was the most important migration corridor between Central and East Asia. These languages and populations have competed, mixed and merged for ages. Surprisingly, a cross-linguistically comprehensive portrait of this region is missing in spite of individual language descriptions. The present Project will study language mixture and language replacement patterns in the Gansu-Qinghai area, which geographically constitutes a natural demarcation between nomadic herders and farmers. In this intense contact area, home to nomadic languages and populations, Sinitic (Han) languages started to resemble non-Han languages, adopting similar syntactic means, while Yugur languages (Western Yugur belongs to Turkic language group and Eastern Yugur belongs to Mongolic language group), spoken by typical nomadic populations, kept their syntax relatively intact. The mixing degree of languages and populations in this area remains unclear, and in-depth research with an interdisciplinary approach is necessary. The Project will determine the linguistic situation in this anthropological corridor by targeting two nomadic languages (Western and Eastern Yugur) and a variety of Sinitic languages. The analysis of language mixing and language replacement processes will be based on quantified data modeling, part of which will come from molecular anthropology and other fields such as history and archeology. This interdisciplinary approach will offer a global vision of language and population mixing in the Gansu-Qinghai area and a living sample of language preservation or loss due to different lifestyles and cultures.

Mots-clés : populations,anthropolgoy,language contact
Projet ERC : TRAM (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : Institut national des langues et civilisations orientales — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : INALCO
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 322975.24 €

Chinese history was co-constructed by Han (Chinese) people, transmitters of farming language and culture, and non-Han people, typically transmitters of nomadic language and culture in North and Northwest China. Governance by non-Han steppe rulers lasted for almost ten centuries (half of the history of imperial China since the First Emperor of Qin) and the Gansu-Qinghai area was the most important migration corridor between Central and East Asia. These languages and populations have competed, mixed and merged for ages. Surprisingly, a cross-linguistically comprehensive portrait of this region is missing in spite of individual language descriptions. The present Project will study language mixture and language replacement patterns in the Gansu-Qinghai area, which geographically constitutes a natural demarcation between nomadic herders and farmers. In this intense contact area, home to nomadic languages and populations, Sinitic (Han) languages started to resemble non-Han languages, adopting similar syntactic means, while Yugur languages (Western Yugur belongs to Turkic language group and Eastern Yugur belongs to Mongolic language group), spoken by typical nomadic populations, kept their syntax relatively intact. The mixing degree of languages and populations in this area remains unclear, and in-depth research with an interdisciplinary approach is necessary. The Project will determine the linguistic situation in this anthropological corridor by targeting two nomadic languages (Western and Eastern Yugur) and a variety of Sinitic languages. The analysis of language mixing and language replacement processes will be based on quantified data modeling, part of which will come from molecular anthropology and other fields such as history and archeology. This interdisciplinary approach will offer a global vision of language and population mixing in the Gansu-Qinghai area and a living sample of language preservation or loss due to different lifestyles and cultures.

Mots-clés : populations,anthropolgoy,language contact
Projet ERC : FastEE (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Proof of concept grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental constituents of matter
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 137049.71 €

Chiral molecules exist as two forms, called enantiomers, which are mirror images of each other but which are not superimposable. Living organisms are built upon chiral elementary blocks. Biological processes can thus be extremely sensitive to chirality. Two enantiomers can have different smells or tastes. More critically, a chiral molecule can have healing properties while its mirror image is a poison. This makes the measurement of enantiomeric excess (EE), which quantifies the relative composition of the two images in a mixture, crucial for many industrial sectors: fragrance and food industry, pharmaceutics, agrochemistry. To improve product quality, lower health risks, and optimize processes to reduce chemical waste, it would be necessary to monitor EE continuously. Yet, this task is currently impossible because there is no fast and accurate enough EE measurement method. The FastEE project aims at solving this issue by using a new physical process which is extremely sensitive to chirality. By investigating the photoionization of chiral molecules by elliptically polarized light, we found out that the angular distribution of the ejected electrons carried rich information on the ionized molecules as well as their enantiomeric purity. Continuously modulating the ellipticity of the ionizing radiation while recording images of the photoelectron distribution enables the chemical composition and EE of mixtures to be followed in in real-time. FastEE aims at: (i) designing a demonstrator instrument using this method, optimized for an applicative environment, (ii) optimizing the method for the accurate analysis of complex chiral mixtures in real-time, (iii) investigating transfer and commercialization strategies. After completion of the three phases, we will be able to offer a new solution (instrument and methodology) for chiral analysis, enabling fast and continuous measurements with excellent accuracy - which is not possible with current technologies.

Mots-clés : enantiomeric excess measurements,chiral analysis,photoelectron circular dichroism
Projet ERC : CHANSON (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Systems and communication engineering
Entité participante : Eindhoven University of Technology — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : TU/e
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 160045.5 €

Chirality plays a pivotal role in chemistry and medicine because most biological molecules have either right- or left-handed conformations. Circular dichroism can distinguish the chirality of matter thanks to a small difference in absorption of light with opposite circular polarizations. However, it is severely limited by low sensitivity and low spatial resolution due to weak chiral light-matter interaction. As a result, using light, we cannot resolve the chirality of individual nanoscale objects for critical applications such as detecting protein aggregates responsible for a variety of diseases. CHANSON pushes the limits of optically resolvable chirality through new concepts in semiconductor nanophotonics. We tailor semiconductor nanostructures to specifically boost chiral fluorescence thanks to the interplay of photons, charges, and spins. Using novel contrast mechanisms, we increase both fluorescence intensity and polarization to remove the barriers that hinder circular dichroism. The project combines two routes for ultrasensitive and super-resolved molecular detection: 1) Nanophotonic sensors based on semiconductor nanoantennas; 2) Excitonic sensors based on atomically thin semiconductors. The ambitious target is to map with nanoscale spatial resolution the lowest possible molecular concentrations down to a single chiral molecule. To tackle this major scientific challenge, I propose the concept of a metasurface canvas consisting of arrays of semiconductor nanostructures. By providing a platform for fluorescence-based sensing of both light-emitting and non-emitting analytes, the results could revolutionize the screening of pharmaceuticals for neurodegenerative diseases, amongst others.

Mots-clés : nanophotonics,optical chirality,circular dichroism,fluorescence,two dimensional semiconductors,high index dielectric nanoantennas
Projet ERC : New Chol (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 856749.46 €

Cholangiopathies represent a diverse group of diseases affecting cholangiocytes which are the main cell type of the biliary tract. These disorders range from inherited (Cystic Fibrosis) and developmental (Alagille Syndrome, Biliary Atresia) to autoimmune (Primary Biliary Cirrhosis), idiopathic (Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis) and drug or toxin induced diseases. Cholangiopathies result in toxic bile accumulation in the liver inducing cell death and ultimately cirrhosis. They carry high morbidity and mortality, accounting for up to a third of chronic liver disorders. Whole liver transplantation remains the main treatment. However, organ transplant requires immunosuppression with significant side effects and an increasing number of patients die while on the transplant list due to the shortage of suitable donors. Finally, the absence of physiologically relevant in vitro systems to model and to study cholangiopathies prevents the development of new therapeutics while cell based therapy approach have been unexplored. Here, we propose to systematically address these challenges by developing a novel and innovative program of translational research focusing on cholangiopathies. We will first investigate the cellular and functional diversity of the biliary tract and its impact on disease by taking advantage of recent developments in single cell transcriptomic analyses. We will then use this basic knowledge to generate and to characterize for the first time a renewable source of cholangiocytes from human induced pluripotent stem cells and from biliary tissue. The resulting cells will be used to model cholangiopathies in vitro and to create a new platform for drug target identification. Finally, we will explore the potential for in vitro generated cholangiocytes to be used in regenerative medicine applications including cell based therapy. Overall this comprehensive program will uniquely path the way for the development of a whole range of new therapies for cholangiopathies.

Mots-clés : human pluripotent stem cells,organoid,liver disease,cholangiocytes,cholangiopathies,biliary tract
Projet ERC : ANEUPLOIDY (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Synergy grants)
Entité participante : Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : KNAW
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 3321250.0 €

Chromosome segregation errors cause aneuploidy, a state of karyotype imbalance that accelerates tumor formation and impairs embryonic development. Even though mitotic errors have been studied extensively in cell cultures, the mechanisms generating various errors, their propagation and effects on genome integrity are not well understood. Moreover, very little is known about mitotic errors in complex tissues. The main goal of this project is to uncover the molecular origins of mitotic errors and their contribution to karyotype aberrations in healthy and diseased tissues. To achieve our goal, we have assembled an interdisciplinary team of experts in molecular and cell biology, cell biophysics, chromosomal instability in cancer, and theoretical physics. Our team will introduce novel approaches to study aneuploidy (superresolution microscopy, optogenetics, laser ablation, single cell karyotype sequencing) and apply them to state-of-the-art tissue cultures (mammalian organoids and tumoroids). In close collaboration, Tolić will establish assays to detect and quantify error types in cells, and Kops and Amon will use the assays on various healthy and cancer tissues. Tolić and Kops will uncover the molecular origins of errors, their propagation and impact on genome integrity, while Amon will lead the investigation of the mechanisms that ensure high chromosome segregation fidelity in healthy tissues. Interwoven in these collaborations are the efforts of Pavin, who will develop a theoretical model to describe the origin of errors and to quantitatively link chromosome segregation fidelity in single cells and tissues. Model and experiment will continuously inspire each other, to achieve deep understanding of how mitotic errors arise, how they propagate and how they impact on cell populations. Thus, the extensive sets of expertise present in our team will be combined and expanded with novel technologies to tackle the big challenge of the origins of aneuploidy in humans.

Mots-clés : chromosome segregation,aneuploidy,mitotic spindle,organoids,laser microsurgery,modeling
Projet ERC : AIM.imaging.CKD (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : Universitätsklinikum Aachen — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UKA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999375.0 €

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major global health problem, affecting 10% of the world population and projected to be the fifth major cause of death in 2040. CKD patients are one of the most complex and multi-morbid populations in internal medicine while at the same time having the least translational randomized clinical trials and limited treatment options. One of the major reasons for this is the lack of reproducible approaches specifically reflecting intrarenal pathological processes and disease activity. The overall goal of AIM.imaging.CKD is to specifically address this unmet need by developing, validating and integrating image-based diagnostics for CKD. The integration of broad interdisciplinary expertise will enable to develop a multiscale approach from nano- to micro- to macromorphological and molecular diagnostics. Specifically, the project will develop augmented full-spectrum ultrastructural (“nano”) and histological (“micro”) renal biopsy diagnostics, focusing on reproducible, quantitative nephropathological analyses and prediction of clinically relevant outcome parameters. The project will also explore macro-morphological and molecular imaging in CKD, focusing on translatable non-invasive approaches. The central feature will be the development of advanced, scalable and modular image analyses models utilizing artificial intelligence (AI), particularly machine and deep learning. Using preclinical testing and clinical validation, the main emphasis will be on accelerated or, whenever possible, direct implementation into the clinical practice. The integration of the above-mentioned tools and technologies provides a comprehensive multiscale and multiplex approach for improved diagnostics of CKD patients and facilitate future randomized clinical trials. At each level, and even more so when integrated, the results are expected to augment and transform image-based diagnostics of kidney diseases, and thereby lead to improved patient management and outcome.

Mots-clés : nephropathology,nephrology,digital pathology,kidney fibrosis,kidney vasculature,deep learning,molecular imaging
Projet ERC : HEPCIR (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Inserm
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1992500.0 €

Chronic liver diseases such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are major challenges for global health. HCC is the second leading and fastest rising cause of cancer death worldwide. The limited availability of therapeutic options reflects our poor understanding of the molecular and clinical mechanisms involved in progression of liver disease. Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a main risk factor for HCC. Although HCC may be avoided by addressing the underlying cause in early stage disease, strategies to prevent HCC in patients with established cirrhosis and advanced fibrosis, in which the risk of HCC persists despite treatment of the underlying cause are lacking. Indeed, even HCV cure does not eliminate the risk of HCC development when advanced fibrosis is already present. Since fibrosis/cirrhosis-driven carcinogenesis is the mechanism of HCC development common to all major etiologies, we propose to use HCV-induced liver disease as a model to decipher the pan-etiology sequence of molecular events underlying disease progression and HCC. Our own data provide solid evidence that HCV infection alters pathways implicated in liver disease progression, including cirrhosis deterioration, HCC development, and overall and liver-specific death. Thus, the molecular investigation of these pathways will identify key cell circuits for the understanding of the pathogenesis of liver disease and HCC in general, and as broadly applicable pan-etiology diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Using a novel patient-derived cell culture model system for liver disease biology combined with advanced functional genomics, novel animal models and clinical investigation, we aim to uncover the cell circuits that are of clinical relevance for liver disease progression and cancer. By providing novel targets and biomarkers for liver disease and HCC prevention, this proposal will have a marked impact on the management and prognosis of patients with liver disease and HCC.

Mots-clés : liver disease,liver cancer,hepatitis c,hepatocellular carcinoma,cellular pathways,kinases,phosphatases,viral hepatitis,drug target,biomarker,cell circuits
Projet ERC : BOOTCAMP (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : Cleveland Clinic — Pays : Etats-Unis — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 119465.39 €

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia in the Western world. Novel targeted drugs are effective, but not curative. Moreover, prolonged use is associated with development of resistance, toxicity, and high economic cost. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation, which evokes a T cell mediated response, is potentially curative yet is associated with high graft-vs-host-related mortality. Therefore, an autologous T cell-based approach, e.g. chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T), is a highly promising strategy. However, in contrast to the success of CAR-T cells in aggressive leukemia, their effect in CLL is limited owing to a largely unexplained acquired T cell dysfunction in this disease setting. I recently found that CLL cells impose a reduction in mitochondrial fitness and altered glucose metabolism on T cells, which may underlie the acquired T cell dysfunction. Lending clinical significance to this finding, I observed that the success of CAR-T treatment in CLL patients is highly associated with their mitochondrial biogenic capacity. I therefore hypothesize that improving mitochondrial fitness of CAR-T cells may offer a path to cure CLL. I aim to: 1. Characterize the molecular mechanisms of metabolic alterations in CLL-derived T cells 2. Elucidate how CLL cells reprogram T cells metabolism 3. Increase mitochondrial biogenesis and fitness in CAR-T cells to improve therapeutic efficacy To achieve these goals, I will conduct an array of complementary molecular, metabolic, and genetic assays using patient samples and a murine model of CLL. To address therapeutic potential I will study murine and human CAR-T cells in which metabolic processes will be manipulated. This project provides crucial insight into the interplay between CLL and T cells, and the underlying failure of cancer immune surveillance. This may lead to metabolism-based curative autologous T cell based therapies in CLL, which may also be relevant for other malignancies.