Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : SENSIBILITÉ (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Systems and Communication Engineering
Entité participante : EURECOM — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499061.0 €

SENSIBILITÉ describes a novel theory for distributed computing of nonlinear functions over communication networks. Motivated by the long-lasting open challenge to invent technologies that scale with the network size, this intriguing and far-reaching theory elevates distributed encoding and joint decoding of information sources, to the critical network computing problem for a class of network topologies and a class of nonlinear functions of dependent sources. Our theory will elevate distributed communication to the realm of distributed computation of any function over any network.  Overall, this problem requires communicating correlated messages over a network, coding distributed sources for computation of functions, and meeting the desired fidelity given a distortion criterion for the given function. In such a scenario, the classical separation theorem of Claude Shannon, which modularizes the design of source and channel codes to achieve the capacity of communication channels, is in general inapplicable.  SENSIBILITÉ envisions a networked computation framework for nonlinear functions. It will use the structural information of the sources and the decomposition of nonlinear functions for efficient distributed compression algorithms. For scalability, it will design message sets that are oblivious to the protocol information. For parsimonious representations across networks, it will grip the curious trade-off between quantization and compression of functions. SENSIBILITÉ has a contemporary vision of network-driven functional compression via accounting for the description length and time complexities towards alleviating large-scale, real-world networks of the future. The advanced theory will be tested in a real-life setting on applications of grand societal impact, such as over-the-air computing for the internet-of-things, massive data compression for computational imaging, and zero-error computation for real-time holographic communications.

Mots-clés : nonlinear functions over communication networks,distributed compression of nonlinear functions,networked nonlinear computation
Projet ERC : Stellar-MADE (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Universe Sciences
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 535444.25 €

In regions of active star formation, the protoplanetary discs around young stars act as planetary factories. Recent observing campaigns have shown that the majority of protostars belong to multiple stellar systems: the younger the stars, the higher the degree of multiplicity. Young discs are then strongly affected by stellar multiplicity, unavoidably modifying the way in which planets form. The detailed evolution of multiple systems with discs and planets however remains to be explored. Since most current models have been designed for single stars, there is an urgent need to extend these models to multiple stars. This will pave the way for a better understanding of the process of planet formation, at a more general level. The Stellar-MADE project aims to provide a comprehensive view of disc dynamics and planet formation within multiple stellar systems. My team and I will thoroughly study multiples to: (1) Establish the formation channels of protoplanetary discs around young stellar objects; (2) Follow disc dynamics and grain growth in order to identify the regions of planetesimal formation; (3) Characterise planetary architectures and the resulting exoplanet population. To achieve our goals we will perform hydrodynamical and N-body simulations, developing and adapting state-of-the-art codes (Phantom, MCFOST, Rebound). Our calculations will include a broad range of physical processes: disc thermodynamics, radiative transfer, gravitational perturbations, aerodynamic friction, dust growth, and Mean-Motion Resonances. This will allow us to identify and quantify stellar multiplicity effects across evolution. My previous work on binary stars constitutes proof-of-concept that it is possible to coherently connect protoplanetary disc evolution to planetary architectures. Unveiling the effects of stellar multiplicity on planet formation will be a major breakthrough, which will enable us to interpret the whole exoplanetary population under a new and more realistic prism.

Mots-clés : protoplanetary discs,planet formation,exoplanets,stellar binaries,hydrodynamics,celestial mechanics
Projet ERC : AtropShape (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry — Pays : Rép. Tchèque — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ÚOCHB AV ČR
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499041.0 €

Atropisomeric molecules (atropisomers) are separable conformational isomers arising from restricted rotation around a single bond. Atropisomers have revolutionized the treatment of several deadly diseases. The principal goal of AtropShape is to create pharmaceutical leads with unusual conformations and shapes by developing catalytic stereoselective (atroposelective) synthesis methods toward difficult-to-access drug-like atropisomers. Because atropisomers are chiral, they give rise to two or more isomers that have different pharmacological properties. These attributes relate to a crucial, yet minimally investigated and poorly understood fundamental question of how conformational changes, from achiral and relatively planar to chiral and more tridimensional atropisomeric forms, impact a molecule’s ability to interact with biological receptors. But to study such range of atropisomers and related concepts, one must first of all create them. Therefore, I will introduce three new catalytic atroposelective methods. (1) We will develop unprecedented atroposelective amide-bond formations and apply them to synthesis of the first examples of peptidomimetics with an atropisomeric amide moiety. (2) We will efficiently generate, by alkyne cyclization strategies, sphere-shaped atropisomers. This rarely investigated area of molecular shape is much sought-after in drug discovery. (3) We will introduce the first instances of atroposelective decarboxylation of esters. The proposed methods will offer direct access to an assortment of bioactive atropisomers, which will be easily modifiable to generate, by diversity-oriented synthesis approaches, libraries of drug-like molecules which will be tested broadly in medicinal chemistry. Collectively, the resulting knowledge will shed light on key differences between pharmacological properties of achiral compounds and chiral atropisomeric molecules, constituting an invaluable insight for drug discovery and development.
Projet ERC : TANGO (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer Science and Informatics
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 339031.25 €

Current interactive systems provide realistic audio-visual feedback while haptic feedback is limited even though haptic interactions with devices are essential and touch plays a large role to convey immersive sensations. Thus, usable high-fidelity haptic rendering has the potential to improve interactions with interactive interfaces and future metaverses. Knowledge has started emerging on haptic rendering and multisensory perception of tangible objects. Still, combining multiple techniques to stimulate the full bandwidth of tactile sensitivity remains a hard challenge and little is known about the perceptual integration of tactile cues such as friction, temperature, or vibrations. Thus, there is the intricate twofold challenge of developing new haptic techniques based on models of cognitive multisensory integration whose investigation requires advanced stimulation techniques. Thus, the originality of TANGO is to address the problem of multisensory rendering of tangible objects from a holistic view by considering simultaneously multi-dimensional haptic techniques, tactile acuity across its psychophysical dimensions, and mechanisms of multisensory integration. Specifically, TANGO aims to 1/ characterize typical gestures and contact mechanics during interaction with real objects. 2/ understand how gestures and the dimension of haptic feedback influence perception of simulated tactile objects 3/ create a computational model of multisensory integration that outputs perceived realism during interaction with objects. Studies will also consider two main population factors: age and sensory impairment. Finally, the outcome from 1-3 will serve to design sensorily rich tangible 3D elements on displays, in virtual reality, and on maps for visually impaired. By a strongly interdisciplinary approach combining haptics, computer science, and neuroscience, TANGO will optimize haptic rendering in multisensory interactive interfaces to enhance its use in human-computer interactions.

Mots-clés : multisensory integration,haptics,computational modelling,psychophysics
Projet ERC : ABYSS (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth System Science
Entité participante : Institut de recherche pour le développement — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : IRD
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 42778.75 €

Earthquakes have caused more than half a million of fatalities in the past 20 years. A large fraction of this death toll arises from the current lack of systematic predictive signals. While some theories describe earthquakes as intrinsically stochastic processes, challenging or impossible to predict, evidence from laboratory and numerical experiments indicates that earthquakes could be preceded by a preparatory phase. But despite all efforts, only incomplete observations of such phase have been achieved. This observational gap is mainly due to our inability to deploy extensive sensor networks near the earthquake nucleation zone, especially for large earthquakes that are the most likely to produce precursors detectable at the surface. I propose to probe the mechanical state of a fault prior to large earthquakes using seismic waves recorded on the largest and densest seismic array ever deployed directly above one of the most active faults on Earth: the Chilean subduction zone. Long term monitoring of its vigorous activity will allow my team to observe the preparatory phase of several strong earthquakes (M>6). To achieve this, I will use a revolutionary technology, Distributed Acoustic Sensing, to convert several ~100 km long segments of fiber optic telecommunication cables that run offshore along the 4200 km of the Chilean subduction zone, into a large and dense ocean-bottom seismic observatory. The unique data produced by this new observatory will enable the detection of weak earthquakes and changes in the crustal properties with a sensitivity that has never been achieved before. This transformative capability, augmented by the development of real time data processing workflows, will enhance the early warning system in Chile by improving the timeliness and accuracy of earthquake warnings. The expected outcomes of this project will have a transformative impact on earthquake science as well as on the reduction of societal vulnerability to natural hazards.

Mots-clés : subduction zone megathrust faults,earthquake precursors,earthquake forecast,earthquake early warning system,distributed acoustics sensing,submarine fiber optic cable,chilean subduction zone
Projet ERC : CLOCK (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing
Entité participante : Académie royale néerlandaise des arts et des sciences — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : KNAW
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1500000.0 €

DNA damage contributes to the ageing of tissues and causes mutations that drive cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying many mutational processes are not understood, and neither is how much they contribute to disease. With a powerful new technology, I propose to close these major gaps for common ?clock? mutations of unknown origin.  The recent genome sequencing revolution has revealed unexpected diversity in mutational patterns. One pattern in particular is intriguing as it behaves as a molecular ?clock?: the number of mutations increases over time and correlates with age. Although the textbook view of mutagenesis is that cell division is required to convert DNA damage into point mutations, surprisingly, non-dividing cells like neurons also accumulate ?clock? mutations as a function of time, indicating that ?clock? mutations arise without genome replication.  Understanding how cells mutate independently of proliferation?and thus challenging the current paradigm of mutagenesis?is a fundamental question that has been hindered because assays to measure mutation require cell division. Excitingly, I have overcome this major obstacle by establishing a powerful strategy to sensitively detect mutations in single cells, genome-wide. My group will combine this approach with targeted genetic manipulations in cells and mice to answer two central questions. (1) How do cells mutate independently of proliferation? (2) What drives these mutations in tissues? My novel insights into endogenous DNA damage from mouse genetics and genomics, combined with the innovative sequencing strategy that I have established, uniquely position me to answer these long-standing questions. Together, the work proposed here will reveal the molecular mechanism(s) underlying the most common mutational process in humans: ?clock? mutation. The methods, data, and insights from these groundbreaking studies will directly impact cancer research and uncover novel sources of DNA damage during aging

Mots-clés : mutagenesis,endogenous dna damage,dna repair,sbs5
Projet ERC : REACHER (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and Processes Engineering
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 57172.5 €

Thermal engines, refrigeration systems and heat pumps rely on thermodynamic cycles, in which an inert working fluid converts input thermal and mechanical energies into another useful energy form (work or heat) by cyclically transforming its thermal energy content. Although the selection of the working fluid is the main lever to increase their performances, whatever the fluid is, recorded efficiencies remain far below the highest achievable ones. This deficiency is strongly affecting the exploitation of waste heat and renewable thermal energies by closed power cycles, as well as representing the main cause of the slow performance improvement of heat pumps and cooling technologies. With the aim to effectively increase the performances of thermodynamic cycles, I propose to investigate a radically new thermodynamic structure, resulting from the use of equilibrated reactive working fluids instead of inert ones. Preliminary calculations have indeed shown that the simultaneous conversion of the thermal and chemical energy of reactive fluids may result in the intensification of these energy conversion processes. This project applies an original methodology that integrates thermodynamic and kinetic predictive tools to discover and characterize suitable reactive fluids, allowing for the quantification of the effects of reaction features on cycle performance and the optimization of the cycle?s configuration. The novelty of such a solution approach and comprehensiveness of the applied methodology builds the innovative character of REACHER. Probably due to the complex multi-disciplinarity of the problem or to the negligence of this possible way to convert chemical energy in thermodynamic cycles, this field has remained substantially unexplored. The successful development of REACHER will provide the former fundamental understanding on how chemical energy can be efficiently exploited in the intensification of thermodynamic cycles for power, refrigeration and heating purposes.

Mots-clés : thermodynamic cycles reactive working fluids product design approach process design approach theoretical study and experimental observation
Projet ERC : AGROCHRONO (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Study of the Human Past
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 62500.0 €

The emergenceThe emergence of an agropastoral way of life in South West Asia from the late 10th millennium BCE revolutionised the social organisation of prehistoric communities. The spread of this new economic and cultural model followed several trajectories. A key region comprised between the Zagros mountains of the Iranian Plateau to the Indus Valley in the plains of Pakistan, known as Indo-Iranian borderlands (IIBL), is yet poorly explored. Current knowledge of agropastoralism dynamics and dispersal in this area remains fragmentary due to the lack of a robust chronological frame drawing temporal links between the settlements. The AgroChrono project particularly explores the development of agropastoralism among agropastoral societies of the 7th to 4th millennium BCE in the IIBL around four research themes: (i) The chronology to resolve the time frame of early agropastoral occupations in this region; (ii) The economy to document human subsistence practices with the exploitation of domestic resources; (iii) The palaeoenvironment setting and variations that may have influenced the settlement patterns and availability of natural resources necessary for their subsistence; (iv) The cultural and economic links between the various settlements by gathering all the archaeological datasets available. All these aspects are investigated using a combination of classical archaeological, bioarchaeological and palaeoenvironmental methods, together with the latest developments in biomolecular, isotopic and chronometric techniques. It particularly includes the next stage of development for compound-specific radiocarbon analyses of archaeological and environmental matrices, a state-of-the-art method essential for resolving the local problematics regarding the chronology. All the generated data will be modelled to test various scenarios on the emergence of agropastoralism in the IIBL and to determine if this resulted from a single cultural diffusion or local independent trajectories.

Mots-clés : agropastoralism,domestication,neolithic,chalcolithic,indo iranian borderlands,chronology,radiocarbon,subsistance,dairy economy,ceramics,bioarchaeology,lipid residue analysis,stable carbon isotope,vegetation,palaeoenvironment
Projet ERC : TF-KINETIX (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Integrative B iology : from Genes and Genomes to S ystems
Entité participante : Antoni van Leeuwenhoekziekenhuis — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : AVL
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1496725.0 €

Transcription factor binding is orchestrated by a complex interplay between DNA sequence, chromatin composition, protein interactions, and transcription factor concentration. These regulatory features determine the binding kinetics: how long it takes for a certain amount of transcription factor to associate, and subsequently dissociate from specific binding sites. These kinetics are in turn determined by the thermodynamic properties of each interaction.  It is currently not possible to measure the biochemical kinetics of transcription factor binding across the chromatinized genome inside the nucleus of a cell. To understand why a transcription factor binds to a specific chromatin:DNA-sequence context in a specific cellular state at a specific time, we need to measure how chromatin and DNA influence the biochemical parameters that underpin transcription factor binding. This gap in knowledge limits our functional understanding of why a binding event occurs, and it hampers accurate predictions of transcription factor binding.  Here, I will establish a novel proteomics and genomics toolkit to decipher the regulation of transcription factor binding kinetics to the chromatinized genome. I will resolve interactome- and genome-wide binding kinetics of three lung-cancer-associated transcription factors. By delineating association and dissociation rates, and changes in disorder and binding energy, of all binding events across the genome, I aim to obtain a quantitative understanding of how the proteome composition, epigenetic landscape, and genetic code dictate transcription factor binding. Finally, I will build predictive binding models to engineer cell-state-specific transcription factor binding profiles.  Together, this will transform our knowledge about transcription factor binding into a functional understanding where instead of observing, we understand why each binding event occurs when it occurs, and how we can steer these events.

Mots-clés : transcription factors binding kinetics