Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : SMALLST (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Study of the Human Past
Entité participante : Elte human tudomanyok kutatokozpontja — Pays : Hongrie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ELTE Research Centre for the Humanities
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1979250.0 €

This project aims at producing a synoptic analysis of the foreign policy of small states in early modern South-eastern Europe. For centuries, the rulers of the Crimea, Moldavia and Wallachia, Ragusa, Transylvania, and Cossack Ukraine had to cope with their difficult geo-political situation of being at the borderlands between Christian Europe and the Ottoman Empire. The project will be the first attempt for writing a comparative history on the following questions. 1, What kind of strategies these small states followed in order to overcome their vulnerability and survive on the frontier not only of empires but also of civilisations? 2, What was the impact of being placed at cultural borderlands upon their diplomatic practices? 3, How did they try to overcome the problem of having to communicate and present themselves in two radically different political languages (i.e. of their powerful Muslim and Christian neighbours)? 4, How did the agents of diplomacy function in this peculiar geo-political and cultural context, how did it shape their status, practices and the kind of social gains available to them?

Mots-clés : diplomacy,small states,cultural borderlands
Projet ERC : BIBALANCE (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Compl exity
Entité participante : Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : BCBL
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2000000.0 €

Learning to read strongly depends on phonological development that is largely influenced by environmental factors. BIBALANCE will investigate the extent to which the early acquisition of two phonological systems in early bilingualism impacts the organisation of the ‘phonological mind’ and determines the success of reading trajectories. BIBALANCE will examine the mechanism of ‘hemispheric rebalance’ to explain the effects of bilingualism on reading acquisition. We will show that early bilingualism shapes brain dynamics by redistributing attentional weights across the hemispheres towards a highly connected system, and interacts with genetic risks of dyslexia, which is associated with poorly connected systems. BIBALANCE’s aim is to offer a mechanistic understanding of how these bilingual neural reconfigurations may sharpen phonological sensitivity and in turn increase the adaptability of the brain to high genetic risks of dyslexia. BIBALANCE will establish bilingual hemispheric rebalance as an overarching mechanism that boosts resilience to dyslexia, showing that (i) it explains adaptive strategies across reading proficiency levels, (ii) it precedes and predicts the successful overcoming of reading challenges, (iii) it is relevant across development (before and after dyslexia diagnosis), and (iv) it has impact for remediation. Four work packages will address these challenges in parallel by testing 500 Basque-Spanish bilingual children on indices of bilingual exposure, genetic risks of dyslexia, hemispheric rebalance at the functional, structural, and behavioural levels, and finally, of phonology and reading. If successful, BIBALANCE will achieve a major breakthrough in understanding how the ‘phonological mind’ is structured and molded to effectively overcome challenges during reading acquisition through a complex interplay between genes and environment. It also has the potential for unprecedented translational impact on clinical practice and education.

Mots-clés : bilingualism,reading development,developmental dyslexia,phonological processing,resilience,brain connectivity,genetic susceptibility
Projet ERC : Beyond_Anderson (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental Constituents of Matter
Entité participante : Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas — Pays : Grèce — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : FORTH
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1525000.0 €

This proposal is centered around the recently discovered (by the PI) ground-breaking way of transport in strongly Anderson localized non-Hermitian media. Initially Anderson localization was studied on electrons but it was later realized that photons provide an alternative cleaner route. However, one fundamental problem of photonics is that of inherent material losses. As the paradigm of parity-time symmetric optics indicates, the resolution of this problem is the judicious combination of gain and loss via index engineering. Such non-Hermitian paradigm provides the opportunity to overcome Anderson localization after sixty years by proposing a novel way of transport unique in the complex photonic media, something that is experimentally impossible in condensed matter physics. The key idea is the inclusion of appropriate gain-loss index profiles that allow light to cross the forbidden land of Anderson via sudden jumps, despite the fact that all eigenstates are localized. My proposal is focused on four directions that span out of the main theme of sudden jumps. The first one is the role of openness in the most general case of uncorrelated disorder. A second open question is that of existence of jumps in correlated media that support constant-intensity states. For both questions the maximization of the effect based on wavefront shaping and index engineering is important. A third question is the possibility of topologically protected jumpy transport in disordered topological insulators. Finally, I intend to examine the more difficult and fundamental problem of many-body effects on non-Hermitian jumpy transport. The underlying mathematical framework, is that of non-Hermitian random matrix theory and pseudospectrum, a widely used method in turbulence studies of fluid mechanics. My project is expected to open a new path in both disordered photonics that exploit the unique features of non-Hermiticity, namely extreme sensitivity, exceptional points, and novel lasing schemes.
Projet ERC : OPIMPOL (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : Barcelona School of Economics — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : BSE
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 837577.34 €

International migration affects the lives of millions, both at origin and at destination. It is known to generate aggregate benefits for destination countries even though labor market prospects of some natives may be worsened. Depending on the type of migrants, it can also benefit or harm origin countries. The design of immigration policies that maximize benefits, foster immigrant integration, and compensate potential losers is key for overall welfare. This project develops a systematic framework to design optimal immigration policies and provides a comprehensive evaluation of such policies’ welfare effects.  We build our analysis focusing on five policy goals: i) redistribution policies that transfer some of the benefits from winners to losers; ii) optimal methods to assign immigrant visas; iii) preferential tax schemes for high-earning foreigners that encourage positive self-selection in skills; iv) selective immigration policies that are not detrimental, or even foster, origin countries’ economic development; and v) spatial allocation policies for immigrants that incentivize the accumulation of skills and assimilation.  We develop and estimate a dynamic equilibrium framework to achieve these goals. The framework features, among others: human capital and labor supply decisions both at origin and destination; endogenous migration and return migration decisions; multiple sources of observed and unobserved heterogeneity; a worldwide general equilibrium that accounts for aggregate and idiosyncratic uncertainty; and the presence of knowledge spillovers and externalities from using skilled labor and capital equipment in production. The richness of the model and the variety of datasets used in estimation are unprecedented, which poses important methodological challenges. We develop novel estimation algorithms that allow us to address these challenges. We use the estimated model to design and evaluate optimal policies through simulations.

Mots-clés : immigration,migration decisions,optimal policy,labor markets,structural microeconometrics,equilibrium,dynamic discrete choice,taxation,ccp estimation
Projet ERC : EMERGE (Horizon Europe, appel 2025, Consolidator grants)
Entité participante : Université de Bâle — Pays : Suisse — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UniBasel
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999177.0 €

There is a remarkable diversity of phenotypes among multicellular animals, including differences between males and females. A major driver of phenotypic variation stems from differences in gene regulation. The evolution of these regulatory mechanisms is a central, yet unresolved question in biology. Sex chromosome dosage compensation (SCDC) is an epigenetic process that equalizes sex chromosomal gene expression between males and females. EMERGE uses SCDC as a model to uncover how and why epigenetic mechanisms evolve and function across animals. We will employ a taxonomic gradient from (1) molecular studies in malaria mosquitos to (2) comparative mechanistic analyses across multiple insects, and finally to (3) a broad investigation across all animal clades. First, we will determine how a novel SCDC pathway in malaria mosquitos evolved to specifically regulate the X chromosome. To achieve this, we will use heterologous expressions, alongside in vitro biochemistry and proximity proteomics. Second, we will assess the physiological relevance of SCDC to determine why its absence is lethal in only certain contexts and species. We will test how proteome homeostasis, transcriptional noise, and critical genes influence essentiality. Third, we will explore the diversity of SCDC mechanisms across dozens of animal species with heteromorphic sex chromosomes, including unexplored phyla such as Cnidaria or Mollusca. Employing microscopy, transcriptomics, proteomics, and epigenome profiling, we will study SCDC patterns, conserved and lineage-specific adaptations, as well as regulatory mechanisms. Our findings are expected to reveal general principles of how chromatin controls gene expression, responds to dosage imbalances, and evolves across the animal tree of life. By comprehensively investigating both sexes, EMERGE will at the same time shed light on the regulatory and physiological differences between males and females, a heavily overlooked aspect in research and healthcare.

Mots-clés : sex chromosome evolution,chromosome wide regulation,dosage compensation,gene dosage
Projet ERC : Vision2Action (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System
Entité participante : Université de Göttingen — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : GAU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1450783.0 €

Our movements influence how we perceive the world. Our eyes are attached to a behaving body creating a complex dynamical stream of input that can provide additional information if we know the movement pattern. The interaction between motor and visual signals is especially pronounced in rodent visual cortex that exhibits a substantial, multi-dimensional contribution from motor signals, even in early visual areas. However, a fundamental principle that governs the interaction between visual and motor signals across neurons and visual areas is currently unknown, especially for freely moving animals. I hypothesize that the interaction between visual and motor tuning in mouse visual cortex provide the animal with a consistent and behaviorally beneficial multi-modal picture of its environment. However, studying the interaction between motor behavior and sensory processing is challenging as experiments face a trade-off between experimental control in head-fixed animals (but limited movement) and the availability of rich movement signals in freely moving animals (but limited experimental control). I propose that this trade-off can be bridged by a data-driven in silico neuroscience approach that compiles experimental data into a digital twin that captures the interaction between physiology, motor behavior, internal state, and a model of the environment. The goal of this proposal is to build such an in silico framework to capture the detailed influence of motor behavior on visual processing in freely behaving mice. I will use this framework to discover fundamental organizational principles of the relation between visual and motor tuning across neurons and areas in mouse visual cortex, use them to test computational theories, and develop computational models to quantify their behavioral benefit. This project will not only change our view on the influence of motor signals in visual cortex, but also yield a computational framework with countless applications in neuroscience.

Mots-clés : visual system digital twin deep learning free behavior system identification virtual environment
Projet ERC : MUSICONNECT (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Soci al World and Its Interactions
Entité participante : Université de Jyväskylä — Pays : Finlande — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1983056.0 €

Can music solve global challenges, lead to improved connection and empowerment, foster an inclusive society? I introduce music engagement as a ubiquitous daily resource to advance a critical capacity in a modern world: youth ability to connect with self and others. The challenge of assessing music as a human resource is that it functions at emotional, bodily, and situated levels of experience that are difficult to objectively measure. However, such aspects are integral to state-of-the-art conceptions of human cognition and, further, advancements in empirical research now enable their quantitative assessment. In MUSICONNECT, I will conduct groundbreaking research to address the emotional-bodily-situated nature of music, to conceptualize and objectively measure how, when, and for whom music engagement functions as empowerment. Three dialogical work packages will address music as 1) emotional self-regulation 2) embodied interaction and 3) situated engagement. Young people (N = 5000, aged 15-25) with diverse backgrounds will participate in studies ranging from surveys to experiments. I will implement and develop cutting-edge methods to quantify the “unmeasurable” of music: ecologically valid experience sampling of real-time listening experiences, physiological measures, computational music feature analyses, optical motion capture, deep learning techniques (deep pose estimation), digital ethnography, and psychometric assessment. Results will revolutionize the scientific capacity to address music engagement as testable, falsifiable, and evidence-based practice. Breakthrough knowledge will be created on the mechanisms of action through which music functions as empowerment and how the effectiveness of this is determined by the interplay of musical, individual, situational, and cultural factors. Findings can advise educational, preventive, or social programs that aim to support youth in building their self-regulatory competence and social connections in today’s world.

Mots-clés : music,youth,wellbeing
Projet ERC : GROUPS (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Compl exity
Entité participante : Université Bar-Ilan — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : BIU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2000000.0 €

Group interaction is part of our evolutionary history and continues to be central to modern society. Whereas some groups function harmoniously and productively, others do not. Understanding group processes affecting these outcomes is vital because group discourse and actions affect individuals’ well-being and societal functioning. Examining the interactive biobehavioral processes that emerge between group members during shared tasks – the processes that influence actions, emotions, and cognitions - will enhance our understanding of group functioning and dynamics. Yet, a comprehensive understanding of the biobehavioral processes underlying successful group functioning remains elusive. To fill this gap, GROUPS focuses on the multimodal -- neural, physiological, and behavioral -- synchrony patterns emerging between group members. Interpersonal synchrony is a ubiquitous and spontaneous process; A key mechanism in social interactions that pulls us to clap in unison with the crowd or to join others in protesting for a just cause. Contextual factors and individual differences modulate multimodal synchrony by prompting us to connect with, or separate from, the group. Multimodal synchrony, in turn, enhances or reduces relational (cohesion, trust, rapport, identification) and goal-oriented (performance, efficacy, creativity) outcomes. The project’s objectives are to examine: 1) whether and how multimodal synchrony affects group outcomes on the individual-, dyadic-, and group- level; 2) how individuals’ traits (demographic, psychological, physiological) impact multimodal synchrony and its outcomes in groups; 3) how competitive versus cooperative interpersonal contexts impact multimodal synchrony and its effects on groups. Realizing these objectives will advance the science of human groups by going beyond existing insights on the functioning of animal collectives and human dyads, and may thereby contribute to a more inclusive and productive society.

Mots-clés : synchrony interpersonal synchrony,interactional synchrony herding group processes hyperscanning physiological synchrony brain to brain synchrony
Projet ERC : MiMeRe (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Environmental B iology, Ecology  and E volution
Entité participante : Université de Jyväskylä — Pays : Finlande — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999943.0 €

The gut microbiome is strongly linked to health and sickness. A current key challenge is to understand how the microbiome helps the host adapt to environmental variation. Yet, most research originates from few laboratory animal models and thus misses large parts of environmental, physiological and life-history variation, while data from wild populations and species is needed. Thus, our overarching aim is to unravel how the microbiome mediates host’s responses to environmental variation, covering molecular to evolutionary scale, using wild birds as a study system. We focus on how gut microbiome helps hosts to cope with temperature variation, given the pervasiveness of temperature as a challenge across taxa, and climate-crisis driven thermal challenges. The objectives:  (O1) To study the role of the microbiome in mediating host (adaptive) reversible thermal plasticity in adulthood (O2) To assess the role of the microbiome in mediating host (adaptive) developmental and transgenerational thermal plasticity, and explore the underlying epigenetic changes (O3) To quantify the contribution of host genetic variation and the microbiome on host thermal physiology (O4) To explore the macroevolutionary patterns of microbiome and host thermal physiology (O5) To examine the underlying molecular mediators of host-microbiome interactions  To understand the causal role of microbiome, we apply state-of-the-art methods (incl. microbiome transplants) within and across populations (O1) and generations (O2), and identify the molecular mediators (incl. bacterial vesicles; O5), many tools adapted from the biomedical field to eco-evo research. We further use quantitative genetics, reaction norms, selection lines (O3) and multivariate phylogenetic models (O4), rarely used in host-microbiome field, opening new lines of research. We produce ground-breaking findings on the microbiome-mediated mechanisms of phenotypic variation, which helps to predict how organisms respond to anthropog

Mots-clés : gut microbiome,thermal physiology,host microbiome interactions,phenotypic plasticity,developmental plasticity,parental effects,ecological epigenetics,avian physiology
Projet ERC : 3MARS (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Human Mobility, Environment, and Space
Entité participante : Université de technologie de Delft — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TU Delft
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999816.0 €

The long-distance transport market is currently experiencing rapid changes and innovative services and policies are fundamentally reshaping how we travel. The discrepancy between the relevance of long-distance travel for emission reduction policy goals and the lack of related knowledge to support the design, planning and policy making of long-distance transport systems hinders the development of successful pathways.  In order to understand, forecast, devise policies and evaluate developments related to long-distance travel, there is an urgent need for new paradigms which consider strategic behaviour, network development strategies, policy trajectories and co-evolution of markets where revenue management and coopetition are prevalent. This requires developing comprehensive and cutting edge methods for designing and assessing policy interventions by integrating behavioural, network development and market dynamics, for which the PI is well-positioned. This research program develops and tests theories and models of transport systems in the uncharted domain of long-distance transport markets with Multi-layer, Multi-modal and Multi-class Air and Rail Systems (3MARS).  3MARS will unravel crucial behavioural aspects; develop novel models for the assignment of multi-class flows for a multi-layer multi-modal network; conceptualize and operationalise the market relations and dynamics between supply and demand and amongst service providers and the evolution thereof; develop network design and revenue management techniques in competition-collaboration settings; design and assess supply- and demand-side policy interventions, and the interactions between all of those system components and phenomena.  The proposed program will result in a series of theoretical and methodological breakthroughs in the field of transport modelling and, methodological and empirical contributions in the fields of travel behaviour, environmental and sustainability policy, and network and market.

Mots-clés : long distance transport,network assignment,travel behavior,transport policy,transport modelling