Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : DATAGOV (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Soci al World and Its Interactions
Entité participante : Université d'Amsterdam — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UvA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2500000.0 €

Facial recognition cameras, digital identity systems, and health dashboards have become a staple of daily life. By generating data aimed at monitoring or decision-making, these “regulatory data infrastructures” take up functions that were once performed by humans inside state entities and public administrations. Regulatory data infrastructures are at the core of a new mode of governance normalized in the post-pandemic society, termed “governance by data infrastructure”. With the pandemic and generative AI accelerating the digital transition of society, regulatory data infrastructures are creeping further into public and private space—at high societal costs.  DATAGOV explores the dynamics of governance by data infrastructure in the post-pandemic democracy in the European Union and non-Western countries (Brazil, India, and South Africa). It focuses on three consumer technologies disciplining the social—biometrics, digital identity and health technology—as living laboratories to explore how regulatory data infrastructures become agents of governance. Contributing to critical data studies, the project deploys qualitative and participatory methods to examine how governance by data infrastructure transforms three key areas of concern to the modern state: citizenship, state sovereignty, and inequality.  DATAGOV breaks new ground in four areas. i) By mobilizing the notion of regulatory data infrastructure, it evaluates emerging data-centric assemblages and exposes the growing influence of the private sector on the welfare state. ii) By extending the gaze to non-Western democracies, it breaks with “Western” universalistic assumptions on the dynamics of datafication. iii) By developing participatory methods rooted in citizen science, it contributes to methodological innovation for the study of the datafied society. iv) By unmasking the impact of regulatory data infrastructure in the governance of the social, it charts the future of democracy amidst pervasive datafication.

Mots-clés : regulatory data infrastructure,governance by data infrastructure,citizenship,sovereignty,inequality,biometrics,facial recognition technology,digital identity,health technology,european union,brazil,india,south africa,citizen science,participatory methods,qualitative methods
Projet ERC : AGIPORE (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and Processes Engineering
Entité participante : Université norvégienne de sciences et de technologie — Pays : Norvège — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2500000.0 €

The flow of immiscible fluids in porous media is at the heart of a wide range of applications, some of which are central to humanity. Oil recovery has traditionally had such a role, but more recently, aquifer replenishment to maintain water supplies has become a field of increasing worldwide importance.  Immiscible multiphase flow in porous media is a problem in hydrodynamics of extraordinary complexity. Not only does one have the intricacies of moving fluid interfaces, but the flow occurs within a pore space having a highly contorted geometry. Porous media typically span orders of magnitude in length scales: The pore scale may be in the micrometer range or less whereas the macroscopic scale may be in the kilometer range. Is there a way to find a description of the flow at these large scales from a knowledge of how the fluids behave at the pore scale?  My claim is that there is. Statistical mechanics, which has been used to derive thermodynamics from the motion of molecules, can be reformulated to do the same for immiscible multiphase flow in porous media. This sounds like an impossible task as statistical mechanics demands equilibrium whereas the flow problem is driven. The approach I propose is based on information theory and hydrodynamics.  My objective is to develop a complete theory for immiscible multiphase flow in porous media at large scales based on a reformulation of statistical mechanics that encompasses the pore scale physics and which is simple enough to be useful in practical engineering applications.  This will allow me to reproduce accurately the formation of viscous fingers when a less viscous fluid invades a more viscous fluid. This is a problem as important in field-scale modelling as it is difficult. This will be the first time a statistical mechanics framework for non-thermal, non-equilibrium systems has been developed. This has interest far beyond the realm of porous media.

Mots-clés : multiphase flow in porous media,upscaling,relative permeability,viscous fingers,maximum entropy
Projet ERC : VITAL ELEMENTS (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Soci al World and Its Interactions
Entité participante : Université d'Amsterdam — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UvA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2413015.25 €

For more than a decade, the dead bodies of people who had hoped to cross the Mediterranean have been washing ashore on the beaches of Zarzis, a coastal town in southern Tunisia. This research program starts out from the question: How did these bodies end up here?  While in Europe people who are adrift may be seen as evidence of a “migration crisis,” from the African side of the Mediterranean they point to the chronic, (neo-)colonial depletion of livelihoods. To map how life is enduringly made unliveable, this program develops the method of forensics as the art of paying attention. This method will allow us to trail exemplary vital elements—resources crucial for fostering life and livelihood—and the relations between them. Our cases include: the extraction of phosphate, the fishing of sea sponges, the cultivation of tomatoes, the extraction of water, and the leaving behind of industrial waste.  To better understand the complexity of, and material semiotic relations between, vital elements, we focus on Zarzis as a nodal point. This will make it possible for team members to visit each other’s sites and to work together in a Method Lab as well as to collaborate with local artists who will help to sensitise us to local concerns in a Vital Elements Atelier.  The research program is innovative in three ways: it (1) contributes to a decolonial shift of attention from the “migration crisis” befalling Europe to the “chronic depletion of life” afflicting Africa; (2) develops the method of forensics as an art of paying attention to ethnographically study the complexity of, and the relations between, vital elements and the ways they impact on living and dying; (3) advances the concept of vital elements for materialities that are active, make connections and foster life, or spur on death.

Mots-clés : postcolonial science and technology studies ethnographic forensics as a social science method material semiotics depletion of livelihoods tunisia
Projet ERC : PROMISES (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Universe Sciences
Entité participante : Université Charles de Prague — Pays : Rép. Tchèque — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 64881.25 €

There is growing evidence that heavy organic molecules are a major component of the outer solar system bodies such as icy moons, comets, and Trans-Neptunian Objects (TNOs). Density profiles inferred from measurements of space missions require a low-density component in the core of the largest objects such as Ganymede and Titan. These observations suggest that a previously overlooked low-density component, identified as carbonaceous organic matter (COM), is one of the three main components, in addition to ice and rocks, building planetary bodies that formed beyond the ice line. However, there is a dearth of laboratory experiments and numerical simulations exploring the interaction of the heavy organic molecules constituting the COM with both the ice component (mainly H2O ices) and the rocky component (hydrated silicates, oxides and sulphides) at pressures relevant to icy moons. Observations from space missions also demonstrated that most icy moons are differentiated into a refractory core and an outer hydrosphere that includes a liquid layer (deep ocean), thus the name of ocean worlds. This raises the questions of the emergence of life at the ocean/core interface and of the habitability of ocean worlds. How does the presence of COM affect the thermal and chemical evolution of ocean worlds? The interaction between COM, ice and rocks is therefore essential for understanding the evolution of ocean worlds and for assessing their habitability potential. First, this project conducts laboratory experiments using diamond anvil cells (DAC) coupled with in situ Raman spectroscopy, a combination that is best suited for this kind of investigation. Second, it develops a thermochemical evolution model that can handle the chemical reactions and the thermo-chemical properties of the three components. Third, it applies the results to the evolution of ocean worlds in our solar system and beyond.

Mots-clés : planetary geophysics
Projet ERC : SHATTER-AML (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing
Entité participante : Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : HGF
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2499375.0 €

How does a cell with unstable, complex genomic rearrangements stay alive, and even give rise to aggressive, highly resistant malignancies? This question remains an ultimate research challenge for cancers with highly aberrant genomes, such as acute myeloid leukemia with complex karyotype (CK-AML). Its etiology, time-resolved clonal dynamics, molecular heterogeneity, and treatment resistance mechanisms are still largely elusive. In particular, the genetic and non-genetic dynamics that drive cancer progression under treatment are elusive to current technologies and escape single-cell resolution. SHATTER-AML will tackle the genomic enigma of CK-AML by analyzing longitudinally obtained triplicate (diagnosis, treated, relapse) samples to examine intra-patient genetic and non-genetic heterogeneity using scNOVA-CITE, a newly developed multi-modal single-cell omics approach. This approach combines (i) structural variation discovery with nucleosome occupancy and cis-regulatory element accessibility profiling (scNOVA) with (ii) cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitome sequencing (CITE-seq). We will uncover multi-level disease dynamics at single-cell and subclonal levels along the disease course, providing a blueprint for studies of other structurally instable cancers. Identified molecular insights into the networks mediating therapy resistance, leukemic stem cell activity and immune escape will be further explored functionally in patient-derived in vivo models. Pharmacological interference and CRISPRi are used to engineer deregulated signaling pathways for precision oncology, and CRISPRa screens are applied to sensitize CK-AML stem cells to natural killer cell-mediated elimination. • SHATTER-AML will fundamentally transform our understanding of the impact of clonal evolutionary dynamics of malignancies triggered by aberrant genomes and aims to develop novel preclinical strategies to combat CK-AML resistance via immunological and precision oncology approaches.

Mots-clés : aml with complex karyotype,stem cells,nk cells,single cell technologies,therapy resistance
Projet ERC : REVERSE (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention,  Diagnosis and T reatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : Hannover Medical School — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : MHH
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2499375.0 €

Heart failure (HF) is a most common cause of mortality with currently >60 million of affected patients. Numbers will increase due to socioeconomic factors and as a result of the current COVID-19 pandemic. A major underlying cause of HF are cardiac remodelling processes at the molecular, cellular and tissue level. We will here focus on noncoding circular RNAs (circRNA) involved in two distinct forms of cardiac injury, chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity and SARS-CoV-2-infection, where currently no specific treatment strategies are available to reverse disease pathology. First proof-of-concept studies targeting the cardiac remodelling process by noncoding RNA modulation have been pioneered by us and were recently tested in a world-wide first clinical phase 1b study in HF patients. Within the family of non-coding RNAs, circRNAs are stable and species-conserved and thus ideal drug targets. We discovered multiple molecular circRNA signatures during remodelling of cardiac cells and tissues from mice and patients. We now aim to lift our research to its next inflection point with the following steps and interconnected objectives: a) discover key functional circular RNAs involved in remodelling processes by functional CRISPR-Cas library screening; b) validate circRNAs by manipulating human living beating myocardial tissue, c) explore their mode of action; and d) perform targeted cardiac delivery approaches of selected candidates in both chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity and SARS-CoV-2-induced cardiac disease models. A combination of bioinformatic, molecular and physiology-based methods, unique established noncoding RNA drug discovery pipelines, availability of modern S3-safety labs, large clinical biobanks and (fresh) human cardiac tissue for slicing preparations form the basis for a successful strategy. REVERSE aims to discover fundamentally new therapeutic entry points for two forms of cardiac injuries, where currently no disease-specific treatments are available.

Mots-clés : circular rnas noncoding rnas
Projet ERC : EVOTHERM (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Environmental B iology, Ecology  and E volution
Entité participante : Université de Stockholm — Pays : Suède — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2485587.5 €

Non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) is one of the most fascinating evolutionary achievements, enabling high body temperatures and successful radiation of mammals and birds into cold environments. Yet, the evolutionary origin and molecular innovations enabling NST are unknown. Using comparative approaches, my laboratory has recently transformed our view on mammalian NST by demonstrating that the thermogenic function of the mammalian heater protein, uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), has only emerged late during mammalian evolution in the stem placental ancestor. With this ground-breaking framework, I aim to reconstruct the molecular innovations of UCP1-based NST in placental mammals, and explore the unknown molecular basis of NST in non-placental mammals and birds, thereby advancing our understanding on the evolution of thermogenesis in vertebrates. Specifically, I will 1) Determine critical structure-function motifs of UCP1 that enabled heat production and that have been tuned through placental species radiation to adapt thermoregulatory demands of various ecological niches; 2) Characterize molecular networks governing NST on an evolutionary scale by comparative transcriptomics of extant placental and marsupial heater organs; 3) Explore alternative thermogenic mechanisms in marsupials; 4) Delineate the functional evolution of muscle-based NST in amniotes by reconstructing ancestral key variants of sarcolipin, the proclaimed key player of muscle thermogenesis. In addition to cutting-edge molecular and bioenergetic techniques for assessing thermogenesis, which we have all mastered in my laboratory, our reconstruction of ancestral thermogenic proteins allows us to look back hundreds of millions of years into the evolutionary past of vertebrate thermogenesis. To identify unknown thermogenic mechanisms and consolidate them in vivo, we take advantage of the latest Crispr-CAS technologies to generate unique non-model organisms, such as the first UCP1 knockout marsupial.

Mots-clés : mammalian avian thermogenesis,non model organisms,metabolism,ucp1,mitochondrial efficiency,cellular thermogenesis,evolution of endothermy
Projet ERC : MEMSUGAR (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Molecules of Life: B iological  Mechanisms , Structures  and Functions
Entité participante : Université de Stockholm — Pays : Suède — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2500000.0 €

From molds to mammals, glucose is the most important fuel for life on earth. The rate-limiting step for the utilization of glucose is its uptake into cells. Mammals have fourteen different sugar transporters belonging to the SLC2A family, referred to as GLUTs. GLUT1-14 transporters have varied tissue expression and kinetics, and their activities must be synchronized and regulated for the appropriate whole-organism-wide distribution of glucose and other sugars. Even at the most basic level, we still do not know the physiological substrates for a number of GLUT isoforms and if, or how, some members use proton-gradients to energize transport. Although GLUT transport activity is thought to be regulated through the binding of accessory factors, e.g., thioredoxin-interacting protein, we still have no molecular details for such interactions of high medical importance. Moreover, a major determinant of insulin resistance leading to type-2-diabetes is the impairment of insulin-stimulated GLUT4 trafficking. Despite extensive investigation, we still do not know what GLUT4 storage vesicles (GSVs) look like at the molecular level and how their composition changes in insulin resistance. Here, we will combine state-of-the-art methods to establish the physiological substrates for all GLUTs and develop tool compounds specific to each GLUT isoform to aid structural studies and for better assessing their contribution to metabolic reprogramming in cancer. We will combine NMR with cryo EM structures and computational and biochemical approaches to establish how protein dynamics dictates substrate specificity and proton coupling. We will resolve native-like structures of GLUT transporters directly from membranes and image GSVs using in situ cryo EM to build transport models beyond the individual transporters. By uncovering novel insight into a fundamental mechanism for life we will aid the development of drugs targeting GLUTs and other SLC transporters in general.

Mots-clés : diabetes,cryo et,glut4
Projet ERC : WOW (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Université d'Oslo — Pays : Norvège — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UiO
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1967888.5 €

Wars are raging around the world. War has terrible consequences: soldiers and civilians are killed or wounded, millions are forced to flee their homes, buildings and infrastructure are destroyed, and children, especially, are put at risk of sickness and death; the suffering is astounding. Some of this is unintended, but too much of the suffering is intentional. Wars are fought in myriad ways, ranging from conventional interstate war to intrastate guerilla insurgencies to terrorist actions. The ways wars are waged have serious consequences. The strategic dynamics between warring parties are crucial in shaping warfare – and thus its consequences – but these aspects are often overlooked. We know much more about the causes of war and ways to end wars than we know about what happens during war. The Waging of War (WOW) project addresses this fundamental research gap, emphasizing the dynamic and evolving nature of the interactions of belligerents, offering new insights into how the organization of warring parties influences the conduct of war, and conversely, how the fighting impacts the organizational structure of the belligerents. War dynamics are important because they determine winners and losers, and the nature of the resolution of conflict. War dynamics also have severe consequences for affected communities and societies and influence the prospects for rebuilding. WOW addresses three central research questions: • How are wars fought? • How does the organization of a belligerent party affect the way they wage war? • How do the dynamics of the war affect the organization of the fighting parties?  The project has 3 objectives: • To develop a theory of the dynamics of war with applications to interstate and intrastate conflict. • To apply the dynamics of war theory to specific cases and develop generalizable conclusions. • To develop a data infrastructure about organizational features and aspects of the dynamics of war.

Mots-clés : warfare,dynamic processes,armed organizations,contestation
Projet ERC : Byz-GOVAG (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Study of the Human Past
Entité participante : Benaki Museum — Pays : Grèce — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Autres
Financement ERC de l'entité : 160160.0 €

Crucial to Byzantium’s survival against several post 6th-century external foes was the introduction of the theme-system (military-territorial units), which sealed its provincial administration for five centuries. The long debate on this institution, often biased by anachronistic evidence from literary sources, has gained new impetus through the study of seals, the tiny lead disks that the Byzantines used to secure and authenticate their correspondence. The plethora of irrefutable evidence that seals provide on the administrative nomenclature and the prosopography of high- and (the otherwise unattested) low-ranking officials, allow the in-depth analysis of a special group of individuals directly linked to the state, whose professional performance and unobstructed succession in office was a prerequisite for the Empire’s cohesion and well-being.  An international team of researchers will apply a well-tested methodological model on the recording and analysis of seals to study relevant material in more than 100 collections worldwide (including hundreds of unpublished seals from Cyprus, Greece and Turkey) and offer in-depth prosopographic analysis of the officials who manned the themes and contributed to Byzantium’s long-lasting endurance. An innovative geo- and chrono-referenced database of seals with secure findspots will, for the first time, visualise the Byzantine correspondence network, and data on the iconography of the seals and the historical, archaeological and sigillographic profile of the thematic headquarters will further revolutionize our hitherto perception of the military, social and cultural history of Byzantium. Printed and online publications, three open access databases, an updated manual on dating criteria for seals, scientific meetings, exhibitions, and an educational programme (designed also for people with special needs) will disseminate the results of the project and guarantee their future use in the study of the European Middle Ages.

Mots-clés : byzantine prosopography,sigillography,administration,historical geography,urbanism