Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : CompuLaw (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : University of Bologna — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UNIBO
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 999350.0 €

The project addresses the regulation of computations (processes and systems) through an innovative legal & technological framework: it provides epistemic, technical and normative guidance for the de-velopment of computable laws and law compliant computations. The context is the ongoing transformation of the social world into a hybrid infosphere, populated by a huge and growing number of increasingly pervasive, autonomous and intelligent computational enti-ties. The scale, speed, ubiquity and autonomy of computations make it impossible for humans to di-rectly monitor them and anticipate all possible illegal computational behaviours. The law can hold the hybrid infosphere under its rule – providing protection, security and trust – only if it be-comes computation-oriented: legal and ethical requirements must be integrated with, mapped onto, and partially translated into, computable representations of legal knowledge and reasoning. Current legal culture still has not adequately addressed risks and potentials of computable law. My project will fill this gap, providing concepts, principles, methods and techniques and normative guide-lines to support law-abiding computations. It has the normative purpose to uphold the principle of rule of law, translating legal norms and legal values into requirements for computable laws and legally-responsive computational agents. My project will provide major methodological and substantive breakthroughs. On the one hand, it pro-poses a socio-technical methodology for regulatory design and evaluation, integrating three discipli-nary clusters: a social-legal one, a philosophical-logical one and a computing-AI one. On the other hand, it develops a framework including: (a) norms, legal values and principles for developers, de-ployers and users; (b) languages and methods to specify requirements of computations and norms directed to them; (c) cognitive architectures for legally-responsive computational agents.

Mots-clés : law and logic,legal informatics,technoregulation,electronic agents,autonomous vehicles,autonomous weapons
Projet ERC : SILKENE (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : University of Trento — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 149943.75 €

The project aims at designing, developing, scaling-up and optimizing a pre-industrial process towards the mass production of “silkene”, a bionic silk fiber reinforced with graphene, or other nanomaterials such as nanotubes, directly spun by silkworms. The idea is simply based on nanomaterial ingestion and subsequent “silkene” spinning by silkworms. Silkene is expected to be significantly stronger and tougher that its natural counterpart. Since silk produced by silkworms has already impacted our society, the impact of SILKENE project could also be significant. The process under consideration should in this project be technically verified, optimized and taken to a pre-commercial stage, for applications in industrial sectors such as smart or high-performance technical fibers, textiles, and related reinforced composites. The concept has been already preliminarily (see http://arxiv.org/abs/1504.06751) demonstrated at the laboratory scale with spiders, within our ERC Starting Grant "Bio-inspired Hierarchical Super Nanomaterials" (BIHSNAM).

Mots-clés : bionic,silk,graphene,nanotubes,nanomaterials,spiders,silkworms
Projet ERC : OurMythicalChildhood (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : University of Roehampton — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 257200.0 €

The project aims at developing a pioneering approach to the reception of Classical Antiquity in children’s and young adults’ contemporary culture. This newly identified research field offers valuable insights into the processes leading to the formation of the culture recipients’ identities along with their initiation into adulthood. However, the most vital potential of this phenomenon remains unexploited, for the research is still selective, focused mainly on Western culture. With my project, I intend to overcome these limitations by applying regional perspectives without the pejorative implication of regional as parochial or inferior. I recognize regions as extremely valuable contexts of the reception of Antiquity, which is not only passively taken in, but also actively reshaped in children’s and young adults’ culture in response to regional and global challenges. Thus, the essence of this innovative approach consists in comparative studies of differing reception models not only across Europe but also America, Australia & New Zealand and – a bold but necessary step – in parts of the world not commonly associated with Graeco-Roman tradition: Africa and Asia. The shared heritage of Classical Antiquity, recently enhanced by the global influence of popular culture (movies, Internet activities, computer games inspired by the classical tradition), gives a unique opportunity – through the reception filter – to gain deeper understanding of the key social, political and cultural transformations underway at various locations. The added value of this original research, carried out by an international team of scholars, will be its extremely broad impact on the frontiers of scholarship, education and culture: we will elaborate a supra-regional survey of classical references, publish a number of analyses of crucial reception cases, and prepare materials on how to use ancient myths in work with disabled children, thus contributing to integration and stimulating cultural exchange.

Mots-clés : classics,classical reception studies,children s literature,children s culture,young adults  literature,young adults  culture,classical mythology,ancient greece,ancient rome
Projet ERC : iCARE (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : University of L'Aquila — Pays : Italie — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 45000.0 €

The project aims at developing a pre-commercial solution, till preparing its entrance to the market, of a new cost-effective mobile system for technology-aided home treatment with oral drugs in cancer patients. This project stems from the ERC Starting Grant VISION, which demonstrated the effectiveness of model-driven approaches for adaptive context-aware resource configuration in internetworking smart objects and wireless multimedia sensor networks. Pervasiveness and easiness of usage that internetworking smart objects may offer to cancer patients in their everyday life, constitute the baseline of the iCARE system. The use of oral anticancer drugs in modern oncology creates a paradigm shift, challenging traditional attitudes towards cancer care and oncology services. Daily use of oral anticancer drugs assumed at home is a challenging commitment for patients, since in non-traditional settings even the patient’s adherence is affected by self-administration and lack of supervision in managing side effects. The iCARE project will prototype specifically designed devices interfaced to the patient’s smartphone to constantly monitor and periodically report to the medical unit the compliance to the therapy. A novel smartphone’s APP will collect patients’ feedbacks about side effects through daily questionnaires, in full compliance with relevant cancer medical protocols. To strengthen the ICT coordination of care services, provided tools will be tested over tens of volunteering patients and constantly enhanced based on feedback from patients and physicians to increase easiness of usage and effectiveness of the technology-aided methodology. Since orally administered chemotherapy and biologic agents are expected to increase dramatically in the near future, the iCARE system has the potential to create a high socio-economic impact, enabling a wide spread of home treatment of cancer patients that preserve their confortable lifestyle, and allowing significant resource savings.

Mots-clés : health care sciences and services,systems engineering,sensorics,actorics,automation,web and information systems,database systems,information retrieval
Projet ERC : iCARE (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : Smartly: natives of smart living srl — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Smartly srl
Type d'entité : Organismes privés (hors enseignement)
Financement ERC de l'entité : 105000.0 €

The project aims at developing a pre-commercial solution, till preparing its entrance to the market, of a new cost-effective mobile system for technology-aided home treatment with oral drugs in cancer patients. This project stems from the ERC Starting Grant VISION, which demonstrated the effectiveness of model-driven approaches for adaptive context-aware resource configuration in internetworking smart objects and wireless multimedia sensor networks. Pervasiveness and easiness of usage that internetworking smart objects may offer to cancer patients in their everyday life, constitute the baseline of the iCARE system. The use of oral anticancer drugs in modern oncology creates a paradigm shift, challenging traditional attitudes towards cancer care and oncology services. Daily use of oral anticancer drugs assumed at home is a challenging commitment for patients, since in non-traditional settings even the patient’s adherence is affected by self-administration and lack of supervision in managing side effects. The iCARE project will prototype specifically designed devices interfaced to the patient’s smartphone to constantly monitor and periodically report to the medical unit the compliance to the therapy. A novel smartphone’s APP will collect patients’ feedbacks about side effects through daily questionnaires, in full compliance with relevant cancer medical protocols. To strengthen the ICT coordination of care services, provided tools will be tested over tens of volunteering patients and constantly enhanced based on feedback from patients and physicians to increase easiness of usage and effectiveness of the technology-aided methodology. Since orally administered chemotherapy and biologic agents are expected to increase dramatically in the near future, the iCARE system has the potential to create a high socio-economic impact, enabling a wide spread of home treatment of cancer patients that preserve their confortable lifestyle, and allowing significant resource savings.

Mots-clés : health care sciences and services,systems engineering,sensorics,actorics,automation,web and information systems,database systems,information retrieval
Projet ERC : ATOP (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : Aalto University — Pays : Finlande — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2442448.0 €

The project aims at introducing a paradigm shift in the development of nonlinear photonics with atomically-engineered two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals superlattices (2DSs). Monolayer 2D materials have large optical nonlinear susceptibilities, a few orders of magnitude larger than typical traditional bulk materials. However, nonlinear frequency conversion efficiency of monolayer 2D materials is typically weak mainly due to their extremely short interaction length (~atomic scale) and relatively large absorption coefficient (e.g.,>5×10^7 m^-1 in the visible range for graphene and MoS2 after thickness normalization). In this context, I will construct atomically-engineered heterojunctions based 2DSs to significantly enhance the nonlinear optical responses of 2D materials by coherently increasing light-matter interaction length and efficiently creating fundamentally new physical properties (e.g., reducing optical loss and increasing nonlinear susceptibilities). The concrete project objectives are to theoretically calculate, experimentally fabricate and study optical nonlinearities of 2DSs for next-generation nonlinear photonics at the nanoscale. More specifically, I will use 2DSs as new building blocks to develop three of the most disruptive nonlinear photonic devices: (1) on-chip optical parametric generation sources; (2) broadband Terahertz sources; (3) high-purity photon-pair emitters. These devices will lead to a breakthrough technology to enable highly-integrated, high-efficient and wideband lab-on-chip photonic systems with unprecedented performance in system size, power consumption, flexibility and reliability, ideally fitting numerous growing and emerging applications, e.g. metrology, portable sensing/imaging, and quantum-communications. Based on my proven track record and my pioneering work on 2D materials based photonics and optoelectronics, I believe I will accomplish this ambitious frontier research program with a strong interdisciplinary nature.

Mots-clés : two dimensional layered materials,nonlinear optics
Projet ERC : 2-NanoSi (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : CSPT
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 36468.75 €

The project aims to create a demo system for cost effective, non-invasive device for rapid detection of cystic fibrosis in humans. The detection of human recessive diseases has been dominated by the use of fluorescent biomarkers, based on organic dyes, helping researchers to study and analyse gene expression, cell cycle, and enzymatic activity. Among several proteolytic enzymes, trypsin has attracted much attention, as it is a target in the study of various important human recessive diseases including, for example, cystic fibrosis (CF). We present herein two colour encoded silica nanospheres (2nanoSi) for the fluorescence quantitative ratiometric determination of cystic in humans. Current detection technologies for cystic fibrosis diagnosis are slow, costly and suffer from false positives. The 2nanoSi proved to be a fast (minutes), a single-step and with two times higher sensitivity than the state-of-the-art biomarkers based sensors for cystic fibrosis, allowing the quantification of trypsin concentrations in a wide range (25-350 μg/L). Moreover, our approach can be used from the 4th day of life when the trypsin concentration is already the same as in adults. Furthermore, as trypsin is directly related to the development of cystic fibrosis (CF), different human phenotypes, i.e. normal (160-340 μg/L), CF homozygotic (0-90 μg/L), and CF heterozygotic (91-349 μg/L), respectively, can be determined using our 2nanoSi nanospheres. We anticipate the 2nanoSi system to be a starting point for non-invasive, easy-to-use and cost effective ratiometric fluorescence biomarker for recessive genetic diseases alike human cystic fibrosis.

Mots-clés : nanomedicine,health,nanomaterials,cistic fibrosis
Projet ERC : RitualModes (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Complexity
Entité participante : University of Oxford — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2459603.65 €

The project aims to establish an authoritative scientific framework for understanding the relationship between group ritual, social cohesion, and pro-group behaviour. Rituals have shaped human societies for millennia, but the exact social consequences of rituals are poorly understood. The proposed research will identify the fundamental components of rituals worldwide and chart their effects on patterns of group alignment and action. Doing so will have a lasting impact on basic understandings of the nature, causes, and consequences of ritual dynamics as well as open up exciting new avenues of inquiry that bridge the humanities and social sciences. It is proposed that within numerous cultures and group types, collective rituals come in two main forms with distinct consequences: 1) affectively-intense, rarely-enacted rituals bond group members tightly and motivate extreme self-sacrifice; 2) frequently repeated rituals create allegiance to broad collectives and motivate ingroup bias. Using this model as a starting point, the proposed research programme will seek to achieve three tightly linked objectives. Objective 1 will examine psychological mechanisms underlying rituals’ effects on group cohesion and behaviour in ten nations. Objective 2 will focus on the ritual dynamics of special populations exposed to group-related violence (e.g., war veterans, ex-convicts, war-torn communities). Objective 3 will examine the functions of ritual and cohesion in cultural group selection. Using new techniques, we will quantitatively code and analyse qualitative data on ritual and cohesion in large historical databases from hundreds of groups over the past 12,000 years. Overall, these research objectives aim to provide insights into key questions (e.g., what are the fundamental building blocks of group rituals?), understudied groups (e.g., revolutionary combatants), and unresolved debates in many fields (e.g., what motivates self-sacrifice?).

Mots-clés : anthropology,cognitive science of religion,social psychology,evolutionary theory,ritual and identity,prosociality,intergroup conflict
Projet ERC : GHOST (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas — Pays : Grèce — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : FORTH;ΙΤΕ
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1289737.75 €

The project aims to explore Ottoman notions and belief systems concerning the supernatural. Its major objectives will be to explore the meaning and content of the perceptions of the “supernatural”, to localize such beliefs in the various Ottoman systems of thought, to analyze the changes that took place and to associate them with emerging or declining layers of culture and specific social groups. The project will address larger debates in recent historiography about the relevance of the “disenchantment” and “enlightenment” paradigms, integrating Ottoman intellectual history into the broader early modern cultural history. The research team, composed of the PI, three post-doctoral fellows, four collaborating researchers, five post-graduate students and a technical assistant, will explore these objectives and produce a web portal (containing crowd-sourced dictionaries and bibliographies, open access papers and other material), three international meetings, monographs and papers, and an annual open-access periodical journal. Specific research modules will study the rationalist trends in Ottoman science, various aspects of the Ottoman occult and magic, and the formation and development of the Ottoman cosmological culture. A monograph will be written by the PI and dwell in: the various conceptions of the supernatural/preternatural and their development, the presence of spirits/jinn in Ottoman world image, theory and practice of Ottoman magic, attitudes toward folklore traditions, saintly miracles, and “marvelous geographies”. Monographs will also be produced by the post-doctoral fellows. The project proposes an innovative approach in many ways, in a subject very much in the frontiers of the field; by exploring the supernatural and the occult in the context of the Ottoman Weltanschauung, the project will address a wider problématique on the Ottoman culture and its place in early modernity, especially as it will focus to the role of different cultural and social layers.

Mots-clés : preternatural,supernatural,ottoman empire,disenchantment,enlightenment,islamic studies,witchcraft,occult,worldview
Projet ERC : CombiCompGeom (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer science and informatics
Entité participante : Ben-Gurion University of the Negev — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : BGU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1303750.0 €

The project focuses on the interface between computational and combinatorial geometry. Geometric problems emerge in a variety of computational fields that interact with the physical world. The performance of geometric algorithms is determined by the description complexity of their underlying combinatorial structures. Hence, most theoretical challenges faced by computational geometry are of a distinctly combinatorial nature. In the past two decades, computational geometry has been revolutionized by the powerful combination of random sampling techniques with the abstract machinery of geometric arrangements. These insights were used, in turn, to establish state-of-the-art results in combinatorial geometry. Nevertheless, a number of fundamental problems remained open and resisted numerous attempts to solve them. Motivated by the recent breakthrough results, in which the PI played a central role, we propose two exciting lines of study with the potential to change the landscape of this field. The first research direction concerns the complexity of Voronoi diagrams -- arguably the most common structures in computational geometry. The second direction concerns combinatorial and algorithmic aspects of geometric intersection structures, including some fundamental open problems in geometric transversal theory. Many of these questions are motivated by geometric variants of general covering and packing problems, and all efficient approximation schemes for them must rely on the intrinsic properties of geometric graphs and hypergraphs. Any progress in responding to these challenges will constitute a major breakthrough in both computational and combinatorial geometry.

Mots-clés : computational geometry,combinatorial geometry,combinatorial complexity,voronoi diagram,delaunay triangulation,geometric arrangements,geometric transversals,approximation algorithms
Projet ERC : GSVRotor (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : Ghent University — Pays : Belgique — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UGent
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 149900.0 €

The project includes Proof-of-Concept research, as well as preparation and submission of a new patent application. The intention of the current proposal is to develop a novel gas-solid reactor that drastically reduces the limitations of these reactors. Moreover, novel fields of applications will be sought. This new Intellectual Property of UGent will be a subject of its following licensing.