Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : SAFEandSOUND (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Université de Leyde — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499308.0 €

GOAL This project aims to make healthcare robots safe and sound for society. PROBLEM STATEMENT There is an increasing gap between the policy cycle's speed and technological change. This gap is very noticeable in healthcare robotics, where policies are scattered and cover the issues robots entailed unevenly. This disconnect results in robot developers failing to integrate essential legal considerations into their designs, user safety not always being ensured, and the development of systems that may cause harm to patients. While other sectors enjoy evidence-based policies that translate policy goals into practical guidance, these frameworks have yet to emerge for robotic technology. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES SAFEandSOUND has the ambition to connect the policy cycle with data generated in robot testing zones to support evidence-based policymaking for robot technologies. The project examines regulatory gaps for robots from different sources (literature, policy, and patient engagement), tests these issues in experimental zones, investigates how to generate policy-relevant data from such experimentation, and uses it for policy change, design requirements, and a charter for user rights. METHODS SAFEandSOUND's overarching methodology is anticipatory regulation, an emerging, proactive, iterative legal approach for empirically framing fast-evolving technological changes. SAFEandSOUND uses robot testbeds, open data, interaction between regulators and developers, and active patient engagement to support regulators' proactive, engaged role in the healthcare robot innovation process. SCIENTIFIC CONTRIBUTION SAFEandSOUND advances research toward an evidence-based regulatory model for robots that guides rather than catches up with robot (r)evolution and is more attuned to societal needs and fundamental rights. SAFEandSOUND opens new avenues for using evidence-based mechanisms to regulate robots in the EU and serves as an example for such activities across the globe.
Projet ERC : ORACLE (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention,  Diagnosis and T reatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : Andalusian Public Foundation for Health Research in Biomedicine and Malaga — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : FIMABIS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1405894.0 €

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of death worldwide. After MI, long-term antithrombotic therapy is crucial to prevent recurrent events, but increases bleeding, that also impacts morbidity and mortality. Giving these competing risks prediction tools to forecast ischemic and bleeding are of paramount importance to inform clinical decisions, but their current precision is limited. Improve events prediction, by discovering novel and innovative markers of risk would have a tremendous impact on therapeutic decisions and patients’ outcome. I hypothesize that using innovative multidimensional information from wearable devices, biomarkers, behavioral patterns and non-invasive imaging, integrated through artificial intelligence computation, we may discover novel “computational biomarkers” of risk and improve current standards of risk prediction. In this project, I will enroll a large cohort of MI patients, whereby prospective collection of consolidated and innovative potential risk predictors will take place, in order to generate a comprehensive and multidimensional dataset. I will collect data from state-of-the-art non-invasive imaging, blood biomarkers, wearable medical devices of continuous heart electrical activity, sweat, mobility and behavioral patterns to create a large physiological time series allowing patients’ deep phenotyping. We will therefore analyze data leveraging artificial intelligence computation to find relevant associations with clinical outcomes, and compare new algorithms with current risk prediction tools. This research will increase our knowledge on bleeding and ischemic risk factors, enabling enhanced capability predictions models. In the near future, we hypothesize that our clinically-guided Artificial Intelligence algorithm might be integrated in clinical practice, helping clinicians to inform treatment decisions, patients to better understand their risk profile, finally setting a common ground for shared patient/physician decisions.

Mots-clés : myocardial infarction,bleeding,ischemia,prediction,risk score,artificial intelligence,wearables
Projet ERC : QARNOT (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Condensed Matter Physics
Entité participante : Université de Lorraine — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UL
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1458676.0 €

Can we extend nonequilibrium thermodynamics to probe complex quantum phenomena? In the 90s, the scope of thermodynamics broadened to include small systems and far-fromequilibrium transformations. Building on these advances, the emerging field of quantum thermodynamics has recently lead to breakthroughs formulating nonequilibrium thermodynamics in the quantum regime. Motivations range from the search of quantum advantages in heat engines or quantum batteries, to the expression of global constraints on many-body quantum dynamics stemming from the Second Law. However, deep quantum regimes where largest deviations from classical thermodynamics are expected remain elusive, limiting applications: At weak system-reservoir coupling, a finer description of the coherent-dissipative regime is lacking to evaluate the resource costs of quantum control, optimize quantum heat engines or understand the energy transfers during a quantum measurement. This in turn hinders experimental developments of quantum thermodynamics in more platforms. To express fundamental nonequilibrium bounds on the energy exchanges with quantum materials and use thermodynamics to probe many-body dynamics, new coarse-grained description are crucially needed.  Project QARNOT will address those timely issues owing to a novel strategy combining cutting-edge methods from quantum open system theory beyond the most common approximations with newly-derived universal thermodynamic descriptions of quantum systems, to bridge the gap between quantum thermodynamic laws and experimentally or theoretically accessible physical variables.  By unlocking the deep quantum regimes of nonequilibrium thermodynamics, QARNOT will provide a new versatile analytical toolbox to probe quantum many-body and dissipative dynamics. Notably, QARNOT’s advances will be employed to solve the important bottleneck of the thermodynamic description of realistic quantum measurement, and enable a broad experimental use of thermodynamic concepts.

Mots-clés : quantum thermodynamics,quantum measurement,stochastic thermodynamics,quantum open systems,quantum technologies,quantum dynamics,superconducting circuits
Projet ERC : PREXTREME (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental Constituents of Matter
Entité participante : Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : HZDR
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1486250.0 €

Matter at extreme densities and temperatures is ubiquitous in nature and occurs, e.g., in planetary interiors. In addition, such warm dense matter (WDM) conditions are of high importance to technological applications such as nuclear fusion. Therefore, there has been a remarkable investment in the experimental realization of WDM in large research facilities around the globe, leading to a number of spectacular discoveries. Yet, the absence of a reliable theoretical description of WDM is severely hampering this progress. This is best illustrated by considering hydrogen, the most simple and abundant element in the universe. Even here, a multitude of pressing questions continues to be unanswered: What is the nature of the insulator-to-metal phase transition of hydrogen at high pressure? How do electronic properties of hydrogen impact the evolution of giant planets and brown dwarfs? And how can a hydrogen pellet best be compressed to efficiently produce electrical power in a fusion reactor? The central obstacle on the path towards answers to these questions is the fermion sign problem, one of the most fundamental computational bottlenecks in physics, chemistry, and related disciplines. Recently, a number of methodological breakthroughs has allowed me to present the first accurate data for the electronic properties of WDM over substantial parts of the relevant parameter space. This was achieved using supercomputers and the data-driven construction of AI surrogate models. In PREXTREME, I propose to explore a hitherto unattempted complete solution to the sign problem, which will allow me to answer many questions about warm dense hydrogen and heavier elements with a direct impact on applications in material science, astrophysical models, and nuclear fusion. Moreover, my envisioned approach will revolutionize quantum many-body theory, with important implications for a gamut of fields including high-temperature superconductivity, high-pressure-physics and ultracold atoms.

Mots-clés : path integral monte carlo,warm dense matter,machine learning,density functional theory
Projet ERC : SHIFUMI (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1744065.0 €

Organic Materials are of strong interest for increasing the performances of modern electronic devices (OLED, photovoltaics, transistor) while reducing their overall cost in comparison to classically used rare and precious metals and semi-conductors. In this domain, chiral pi-conjugated molecules have recently opened new directions, due to their specific interaction with circularly polarized (CP) light, and their unique electron spin filtering ability, known as Chiral Induced Spin Selectivity (CISS) effect. Related to the molecular magnetic moment, these properties have been only investigated for closed-shell chiral systems with weak magnetic property, which currently limits the potential of chiral molecules as spin-filter organic materials. Designing open-shell chiral organic materials with high magnetic property, such as in organic high-spin diradicals, appears therefore a promising direction for the future breakthrough of optoelectronics by controlling both electronic and spin properties. However, synthetizing organic chiral diradicals remains a considerable scientific challengedue to their high chemical reactivity and the difficult control of their magnetic properties. Accordingly, the molecular combination of chirality and diradical state remains relatively unexplored, fundamentally poorly understood, and unknown for chiral photonic and magnetic applications. In this project, I will design unprecedented stable organic chiral di- and polyradicals where the singly occupied molecular orbitals (SOMO) will be energetically below the HOMO level. This energetic SOMO-HOMO Inversion (SHI) will represent a disruptive appraoch to stabilize chiral polyradical and to design chiral high-spin systems, a major breakthrough in Material Science. Such innovative union of spin and chirality will give me the opportunity to develop CP-OLED with 100% of theoretical efficiency and unprecedented near infrared CP-light-responsive spin-filtering devices for data processing and storage.

Mots-clés : pi conjugated systems,chirality,organic radical,somo homo inversion
Projet ERC : AnCor (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Texts and Concepts
Entité participante : Université de Leyde — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499279.0 €

This project aims to transform the study of the Ancient Greek language by shifting the focus away from famous literary authors towards the language as it was produced in everyday life. The large corpus of 60.000 Greek texts written on papyrus between 300 BCE and 800 CE provides an important source for our knowledge of the ancient world and offers an excellent opportunity to study the Greek language as written by non-scholarly writers in antiquity. In order to really change our views of what ‘correct’ Ancient Greek should look like, we need to take a different perspective: the perspective of the ancient writer. What did the writers perceive as a mistake? How did they compose their texts? In order to answer these questions this project employs an innovative resource: the corrections made by the ancient writers themselves. A multidisciplinary team of three researchers and a student-assistant will analyse scribal corrections at different levels of language production (from spelling and morphology to semantics and phraseology) across a range of different genres (contracts, petitions, letters and lists) with the following three key objectives: (1) to create an annotated open-access relational database of ancient corrections in Greek papyri, (2) to study the production of Greek spelling from below, as corrected by the ancient writers themselves, comparatively in different genres, written by writers from diverse backgrounds, (3) to identify the stage of composition of a textual object and make this category an integrated part of the analysis of historical textual artifacts, such as papyrus documents. This will give us a unique perspective at the Greek language and allow us for the first time to study what is ‘right’ and ‘wrong’ in the Postclassical Greek language in daily practice. The outcomes of this project will change how we perceive non-scholarly writers and thereby contribute to a new and more inclusive perspective on ancient societies.

Mots-clés : greek papyrology,language of papyri
Projet ERC : COUNTERRR (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Université de Leyde — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1500000.0 €

Many African countries, including Libya, Nigeria, Mali, DR Congo, Somalia, and Mozambique, have been affected by violence of jihadist armed groups. These groups pose a distinct threat to social, political, and economic orders across Africa as they violently reject the nation-state and can rely on support from the transnational violent networks of the Islamic State and al-Qaeda. Research has primarily focused on international responses to “violent extremism” in Africa, but international actors do not operate in a vacuum and interact with responses on the ground. If we want to understand and effectively tackle this violent threat, we need to know more about how domestic actors—governments, security forces, and affected communities—counter jihadist armed groups in Africa. Why do some governments repress these groups through domestic security operations, while others invite foreign countries to militarily intervene? Why do some governments respond immediately, while others delay a response to a new jihadist threat? Why do some communities decide to cooperate with jihadist groups, while others opt to resist them? Why do some communities attempt to resist these groups non-violently, while others form self-defence militias to protect themselves? And finally, how do domestic responses to jihadist armed groups reorder security in the region and shape conflict stabilization or escalation? COUNTERRR will deliver crucial analyses of when, how, and why domestic actors repress and resist jihadist armed groups and reorder security. It will adopt an innovative multi-level and multi-method comparative approach focused on variation within and across three countries (Mali, Nigeria, and Mozambique). Understanding how African countries and affected communities respond to jihadist insurgencies will help international actors to coordinate and adjust their responses to benefit from local knowledge and prevent further escalation of conflict.

Mots-clés : insurgency counterinsurgency repression accommodation civil resistance militias civilian agency
Projet ERC : OSTIA (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth System Science
Entité participante : GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : IFM-GEOMAR
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1500000.0 €

The ocean has absorbed vast amounts of “anthropogenic” carbon and heat (Canth and Hanth, respectively), due to humans' carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions to the atmosphere and resultant atmospheric warming. We expect absorbed Canth and Hanth to leak back to the atmosphere under net-negative emissions and atmospheric cooling. Yet, such leakage and its impact on Earth’s climate evolution are poorly understood. Earth system models used for such research do not resolve the most energetic features of the ocean, that is ocean mesoscale features that mix and transport waters across ocean regions where most of Canth and Hanth is stored. I hypothesize that mesoscale features accelerate the transfer of Canth and Hanth towards leakage sites, with potential implications for climate under net-negative emissions.  With the project OSTIA, I will set out to test this hypothesis. To do so, the project team will set up an innovative tool, an Earth system model rich in ocean mesoscale features, and equipped with a novel joint modeling approach for Canth and Hanth. The Earth system model will be exposed to a CO2 emissions scenario that is consistent with a warming target of around 1.5oC by the end of the century, includes net-negative emissions after 2050, and extends until 2300.  Pioneering outcomes of OSTIA will be (i) a game changer in mechanistic understanding of the legacy of Canth and Hanth in the ocean for the next 10 human generations, and (ii) to inform if current Earth system models are fit to represent Canth and Hanth legacy effects caused by the ocean mesoscale under net-negative emissions. The objectives of OSTIA are pressing, given that delay in ambitious action to cut CO2 emissions leads to further accumulation of Canth and Hanth in the ocean, and a reliance on future net-negative emissions in order to meet promised climate targets. A successful implementation of OSTIA will be a step change in the emerging research field of the ocean’s response to net-negative emissions.

Mots-clés : ocean mesoscale anthropogenic carbon excess heat net negative carbon dioxide emissions
Projet ERC : IRASTRO (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Synergy grants)
Entité participante : Université de Potsdam — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1982813.0 €

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has ushered in a new era in observational astrochemistry. JWST's ability to obtain infrared spectra of molecular ices condensed on interstellar dust grains in dense, star-forming clouds and in protoplanetary disks is expected to revolutionize the field, since these ices are known to be important sources of complex organic molecules. On a fundamental level, the physico-chemical behavior of these ices obeys the laws of molecular quantum dynamics occurring in low-temperature condensed phases. This is a forefront research area in chemical physics that, unfortunately, remains poorly understood. This project establishes an interdisciplinary, synergistic research consortium to address this knowledge deficit, bringing together the unique expertise of the groups of Alec Wodtke (Chemical Physics at Surfaces), Liv Hornekær (Astrochemistry and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy) and Peter Saalfrank (Theoretical Quantum Dynamics). Under IRASTRO, we will develop and employ advanced infrared technology based on superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) for new experimental capability in laboratory experiments directly relevant to astrochemistry. We will combine megapixel SNSPD arrays with échelle spectrometers enabling solid-state mid-infrared emission spectroscopy, including single-molecule mid-IR spectroscopy in a scanning tunneling microscope. With these new experiments and forefront quantum theory, we will tackle three research themes: 1) Infrared Spectra of Molecules on Surfaces under Interstellar Conditions, 2) Energy Dissipation Channels on Low Temperature Surfaces, and 3) Chemical Reactivity under Interstellar Conditions. IRASTRO’s focus on IR spectroscopy will make the project’s findings directly relevant to the interpretation of JWST observational data and, through a fruitful collaboration of experiment and theory, provide a better fundamental understanding of astrochemistry.

Mots-clés : superconducting nanowire single photon detectors condensed phase tunneling mid infrared spectroscopy
Projet ERC : HYDROSENSING (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Synergy grants)
Entité participante : Université de Tel Aviv — Pays : Israël — Rôle : CO-PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TAU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2227500.0 €

Water stress is an increasing probleWater stress is an increasing problem for global agriculture given the impact of climate change. Despite the fundamental importance of water, exactly how plants sense its availability remains unknown. This new knowledge is vital for designing more climate resilient crops, yet currently remains a critical gap in scientific understanding. Our unique synergy is ideal to take on this ambitious project and discover how plants sense water after identifying membrane proteins from a proof-of-principle multi-targeted genetic screen designed to reveal components of the water-sensing (hydrosensing) machinery. We hypothesise changes in plant hydraulic fluxes driven by transient water stress are sensed by a specialised cell type – termed phloem companion cells - that controls the synthesis and release of the abiotic stress signal ABA. Release of ABA by water stress is triggered by perturbations in plasma membrane-cell wall contact sensed by kinases like THESEUS1 (THE1) and additional missing components, which we will identify using our custom multi-targeted CIRSPR libraries. Our discoveries will unlock the mechanism enabling sensing of the most important molecule on the planet, WATER, in the most abundant lifeform biomass-wise, PLANTS.  Solving how plants sense water demands a highly inter-disciplinary strategy that goes beyond the cutting edge by pioneering the development of innovative genome editing, functional imaging and structural biology approaches. The breadth and depth of capabilities and expertise to undertake this strategy necessitates a synergistic partnership between world-leading groups to go beyond the current state of the art. By pursuing this high-risk/high-gain strategy, our project promises to reveal common ‘design principles’ that underpin the core mechanism(s) for water stress signalling in plants. This new knowledge is crucial for international efforts to design climate-resilient crops and underpin global food security.

Mots-clés : plant molecular genomics plant phenomics water stress