Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : EMOTIVE (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : Sorbonne Université — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Sorbonne U
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 594375.0 €

Exponential motives are a powerful tool for the study of a host of objects attached to an algebraic variety along with a regular function, ranging from exponential sums over finite fields in analytic number theory to Landau-Ginzburg models in mirror symmetry. This project revolves around applications of the abstract theory of exponential motives to concrete problems pertaining to arithmetic Gevrey series, after my recent breakthrough in solving a 1929 question by Siegel. Arithmetic Gevrey series are power series with algebraic coefficients that satisfy a differential equation and certain growth conditions of arithmetic nature. Depending on the specific shape of these conditions, they come into three main flavours: G-functions, E-functions, and Э-functions. We plan to make significant progress on three interrelated questions about arithmetic Gevrey series: What are the transcendence properties of their special values? What is the nature of the differential equations they satisfy? Do they admit integral representations coming from geometry?  The most important examples of G-functions arise from period functions of one-parameter families of algebraic varieties. A geometric interpretation of E-functions and their differential equations was lacking until exponential motives entered the scene. We will systematically exploit the new possibilities they offer to make the differential Galois group act on special values of E-functions, elucidate the local-to-global nature of index theorems for E-operators, prove general structure results for Hodge loci of exponential motives, and reconcile the Siegel-Shidlovsky theorem with Wüstholz’s analytic subgroup theorem, with a view to separating special values of E-functions and G-functions. We will also advance our understanding of the relation between G-functions and hypergeometric series, as well as the arithmetic of regularised special values of Э-functions.

Mots-clés : periods,motives,kontsevich zagier conjecture,motivic galois group,g functions,e functions,transcendence of special values,hypergeometric functions
Projet ERC : TRIFECTA (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Texts and Concepts
Entité participante : Académie royale néerlandaise des arts et des sciences — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : KNAW
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1998351.0 €

At first blush entities and concepts such as “Dutch East India Company” or “coffee” may seem straightforward, but in fact they are complex and multifaceted. The wealth of digital sources presents the massive potential to study these notions at an unprecedented scale. However, current technologies for distant reading are not capable of dealing with this. TRIFECTA aims to create a database that describes complex entities and concepts and their contexts by combining language and semantic web technology to extract and relate information from different texts over time. In addition, a key aim of TRIFECTA is to advance the state of the art in these technologies to deal with change over time and connections to many different narratives. Sophisticated knowledge representation methods from the semantic web can mitigate the failing that many language technology methods do not incorporate enough background knowledge to recognise and interpret complex entities and concepts in their historical contexts. By treating them as rich networks (or graphs) of knowledge that can express change and relationships to different concepts in space and time, semantic databases can handle the complexity needed to make the outputs of language technology tools suited to humanities research. Via two use cases, I identify a set of core contentious entities and concepts in maritime and food history. Next, through a data-driven, iterative approach, I advance beyond the state-of-the-art in natural language technology for the humanities by targeting three key aspects of the recognition and modelling of complex concepts (i.e. identity, change, and the long tail). I propose a novel peer-evaluation approach in which a team of humanities scholars, computational linguists, and semantic web researchers collaborate closely to create truly hybrid artificial intelligence systems that will enable humanities research to scale to big data without losing sight of the contextual complexity.

Mots-clés : digital humanities,digital hermeneutics,digital history,semantic web,knowledge graphs,language technology,maritime history,food history
Projet ERC : MAKEBELIEF (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Texts and Concepts
Entité participante : Académie royale néerlandaise des arts et des sciences — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : KNAW
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1996729.0 €

Why do religious theme parks appear in secular countries? MAKEBELIEF investigates how in the 21th century, immersive media are mobilized to 'imagineer' religion. The project provides a comparative analysis of religious theme parks in China, Turkey the Netherlands and the United States. MAKEBELIEF investigates religious theme parks on three levels: Firstly this project analyses through documentary analysis why religious organizations, heritage institutions, government agencies and corporations in constitutionally secular countries came to design and use immersive media environments to orchestrate a public image of religion. Secondly, by using participatory observation and media genealogy, MAKEBELIEF analyzes how immersive media forms (e.g. animatronics, 4d cinema, re-enactment, the diorama but also the theme park as a genre) are deployed in attempts to engineer people’s image of religion worldwide. Thirdly, through ethnographic engagement with visitors and social media analysis, it researches how audiences react to and re-appropriate such attempts at ‘imagineering’ religion. MAKEBELIEF offers four case studies, a synthesizing and comparative work package and a visual anthropological work package to explore the dynamics of religion in the 21st century. This way, MAKEBELIEF breaks ground in three areas 1) providing an academic framework that integrates the study of religion, heritage and politics to better identify 21st century contestations for public meaning of religion; 2) furthering the study of immersive media environments by researching its roles in religion, heritage and nation 3) an improved understanding of how attempts to influence people’s perception of religion play out in the everyday lives of 21st century citizens. MAKEBELIEF’s findings will be of importance to those concerned with the future role of religion, including policy makers, religious communities and heritage institutions.
Projet ERC : TASTE (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Texts and Concepts
Entité participante : Académie royale néerlandaise des arts et des sciences — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : KNAW
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999401.0 €

How and why do cuisines change after migration? The TASTE Project offers a novel approach to study the global spread of cooking techniques, products, dishes, recipes, food practices, and taste hierarchies. By focusing on three relatively old Indonesian diasporas (of Suriname, Sri Lanka, and South Africa), its researchers address the following hypotheses: 1. What people choose to eat is primarily driven by embodied notions of taste; 2. Food preferences are inherited and exchanged; 3. Culinary change significantly resembles linguistic change.  Culinary change is yet to be analyzed comprehensively. While we know from earlier studies that flavor affects food preferences and that migration affects eating patterns, we lack an analytical language and integrated methodology to examine these phenomena systematically. Drawing from the conceptual apparatus of historical linguistics and state-of-the-art fieldwork practices, this project develops a new methodological toolkit to identify with greater precision than before how cuisines evolve after migration, how different culinary traditions influence each other, and which different mechanisms propel these processes. The team will collect and analyze recipes and food descriptions from three countries housing Indonesian diasporas, complemented by following-the-things approaches, narrative research, “gastrolinguistic” analysis, and sensory elicitation.  The project’s three work packages focus on the role of contact-induced borrowing of culinary features (PhD-1), inherited notions of taste (PhD-2), and economic dimensions of food preferences (PhD-3). These subprojects use the same theoretical and methodological framework, but focus on different categories: sweet desserts, food served during feasts, and “poverty food” respectively. The resulting insights on culinary change hold a largely unacknowledged key to promoting more sustainable consumption patterns and mitigating the fast-increasing number of food-related problems worldwtbd

Mots-clés : cuisine food migration
Projet ERC : InterBiome (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing
Entité participante : Institut Pasteur — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 330000.0 €

The intestinal tract is inhabited by a large and diverse community of microorganisms, collectively referred to as the microbiota. When stably maintained, the microbiota provides important benefits to its host. However, disturbance of the microbiota-host relationship can perturb homeostasis and drive chronic intestinal inflammation, a cardinal feature of an array of diseases including Inflammatory Bowel Disease.  While many factors regulate microbiota composition and function, numerous studies have revealed a central role for diet in modulating this complex community and, consequently, its impacts on host health. My research group has investigated how microbiota is impacted by components of processed foods, particularly emulsifiers and purified fibres. We have reported that these substances have marked modulatory potential on the microbiota in a way that broadly impacts host physiology. However, the extent of such modulations is not uniform but rather subject to high levels of inter-individual and microbiota-dependent variations. These observations have led to the central hypothesis driving the InterBiome proposal, namely that the intestinal microbiota is a central nexus in driving inter-individual variations in the extent to which various dietary factors impact health.  We will investigate this hypothesis via a combination of integrated experimental approaches, including patient-based prospective studies, in vitro microbiota modelling and gnotobiotic approaches. Results of these studies will define mechanisms by which the intestinal microbiota drives inter-individual variation in responses to select food additives in a way that promotes or degrades intestinal health. The InterBiome project will open novel avenues of microbiota research, paving the way for microbiota-based personalized medicine and dietary management.

Mots-clés : chronic inflammation,diet,emulsifier,soluble fibre,microbiota responsiveness,personalized medicine
Projet ERC : BLOOMTOX (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Environmental B iology, Ecology  and E volution
Entité participante : Académie royale néerlandaise des arts et des sciences — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : KNAW
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1997453.75 €

Harmful cyanobacterial blooms produce toxins that are a major threat to water quality and human health. Blooms increase with eutrophication and are expected to be amplified by climate change. Yet, we lack a mechanistic understanding on the toxicity of blooms, and their response to the complex interplay of multiple global change factors. Bloom toxicity is determined by a combination of mechanisms acting at different ecological scales, ranging from cyanobacterial biomass accumulation in the ecosystem, to the dominance of toxic species in the community, contribution of toxic genotypes in the population, and the amounts of toxins in cells. I will develop a fundamental understanding of bloom toxicity by revealing the combined effects of nutrients, elevated pCO2 and warming at each scale, and integrate these responses using a unique combination of ecological theory, technological advances, and methodological innovations. Specifically, I will use first principles to scale from cellular traits, like carbon and nutrient acquisition, cellular toxin synthesis and growth rates, to population and community dynamics. To enable rapid assessment of numerous cyanobacterial traits, I will set-up a high-throughput flow-cytometry pipeline. Also, I will develop a novel lab-on-a-chip experimental platform to allow massive parallel screening of key competitive traits in various phytoplankton species and cyanobacterial genotypes. To scale from these cellular traits to population and community interactions, I will study genotype selection and interspecific resource competition in state-of-the-art chemostats. I will further scale-up to natural communities in the field and in large-scale indoor mesocosms to assess global change impacts on the mechanisms underlying toxicity of (near) real-life blooms. With this unique combination of scaling approaches, I will provide a breakthrough in our mechanistic understanding on the toxicity of cyanobacterial blooms, and their response to global change.

Mots-clés : trait based ecology,ecological stoichiometry,functional ecology
Projet ERC : ISTHisFrench (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Université de Bordeaux — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UBx
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1868438.0 €

Legal history, as taught in faculties of law, tends to overemphasise the national framework, leading to the knowledge transmission that suffers from old-fashioned nationalistic biases. To overcome this bottleneck, I will challenge one of the most nationalistic reductions of a major legal phenomenon: the Legal humanism of the Renaissance. This European intellectual movement, with immense legal and extra-legal repercussions, is still presented today as mainly French, as shown by the expression commonly used to designate it: the mos gallicus jura docendi (French method of teaching law). Understanding the mos gallicus in its original transnational dimension will thus establish the simultaneous development of humanist legal thought from a pan-European perspective and reveal why and how the European Legal humanism has been called the “French method of teaching law”. The aim of this ERC is to demonstrate, by placing the Legal humanism in its European dimension, the construction of legal nationalisms hidden behind the expression mos gallicus. To achieve this, three novel objectives will be pursued: to map the representation of the mos gallicus as it has been shaped by historiography; to determine, through the study of the mos gallicus, how legal nationalisms were shaped since the Renaissance Legal humanism; and to place the mos gallicus in its original European dimension. The ambitious outcomes of this project will be a historiographic database available to the scientific community; papers redefining both mos gallicus and legal nationalism, through the case studies of France and Great Britain; and monographs questioning the relevance of the expression “French method of teaching law”, both on a micro-historical scale by the three doctoral theses, and on a macro-historical scale by the final book. These works will contribute to really measuring, at a European level, the role played by the Legal humanism in the construction of national legal orders and nation-States.

Mots-clés : legal history legal nationalism legal thought legal humanism of the renaissance
Projet ERC : UNEQUALWITHIN (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : Tanzania Commission for Science and Technology — Pays : Tanzanie — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : COSTECH
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 26000.0 €

To understand and mitigate economic inequalities, both locally and globally, we need to acknowledge inequalities within households. Yet, in most empirical studies, such intra-household inequalities are disregarded mainly because we lack appropriate measurement tools and data. Not only is this problematic for inequality measurement, this lack of understanding hampers the design of cost-effective poverty reduction and child development policies. This project has five general objectives. First, I will update the facts about inequalities through direct measurement of intra-household consumption allocations, and relate these to spousal income contributions. Second, I will develop and validate novel measures of parental resource-allocation preferences and use these to study whether children are likely to benefit more if mothers, rather than fathers, receive cash transfers. Third, I will develop and validate novel measures of household decision-making and use these to investigate how targeted transfers shape women’s empowerment. Fourth, I will study whether cash transfers or an educational parenting program is most cost-efficient for child development. Fifth, I will use an integrated framework and the new tools and data, to refine our understanding of the mechanisms behind inequalities among adults and child development. Concretely, the project will contribute to our knowledge in the following specific ways. I will carry out an extensive data collection on intra-household allocations, parental-allocation preferences and women’s empowerment, in ten very diverse countries, one from each decile of the world income distribution. I will engage in a local RCT in Tanzania on cash transfers and parenting, which also involves extensive data collection on household consumption, time use, preferences and decision-making. Finally, I will conduct lab experiments in Chile, India and Tanzania so as to validate the parental-allocation preference and decision- making measures.

Mots-clés : inequality,households,child development,gender equality
Projet ERC : FORCLIMA (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth System Science
Entité participante : Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : AWI
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1976300.0 €

The Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets (GrIS and AIS, respectively) and the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) are prominent examples of tipping elements in the Earth system that have the potential to respond nonlinearly to small changes in forcing. Tipping elements can thus give rise to climate surprises, i.e., low-probability, high-impact events that may be triggered earlier than expected. Simulating such climate surprises and their impacts, on the relevant multi-centennial timescales and beyond, is particularly challenging. Today, the right methods are not available, resulting in deep uncertainty in future projections. Here I aim to develop a novel, probabilistic methodology to robustly forecast climate surprises such as ice-sheet and AMOC collapse on long timescales. This requires simultaneous advances beyond the state of the art on two fronts. First, a new generation Fast Earth System Model (FESM) will leverage the latest advances in our understanding of key processes to represent the GrIS, AIS and AMOC realistically, in a coupled framework and on long timescales. Critically, this will be the first comprehensive model fast enough to run the large ensembles of simulations needed to quantify the uncertainty associated with deeply uncertain processes. Second, a highly novel and generalized probabilistic approach will be developed, to constrain the FESM to be consistent with output from the latest generation of Earth System Models. FORCLIMA will generate probabilistic estimates of climate surprises for the medium-term future (centuries to millennia) with much higher confidence than we have today, and inform about interactions between key tipping elements in the climate system. This project will therefore greatly advance the state of the art in coupled climate – ice-sheet modeling, and lead to an unparalleled understanding of the long-term impacts of climate change on the Earth system.

Mots-clés : tipping elements,ice sheets,ocean,earth system modeling
Projet ERC : PraxisofCoexistence (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Soci al World and Its Interactions
Entité participante : Université de Tel Aviv — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TAU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1647025.0 €

The world is experiencing what many have described as a crisis of multiculturalism. Over the past decade, growing and increasingly mainstream voices have declared multiculturalism to have failed, in such places as Europe, the United States, India, Israel, to name a few. In view of growing concerns over the ineffectiveness of current coexistence policies, and brewing ethno-religious conflicts, this research program will address this issue by taking a comparative approach to the question of ethno-religious coexistence in multiple sites. By examining cases of “ordinary” coexistence in situations of religious and ethnic diversity, the research seeks to understand how coexistence is actually practiced. The Praxis of Coexistence seeks to open an entirely new empirical, inductive, and comparative line of inquiry that does not seek to examine the effects of different policies on coexistence, but rather looks at coexistence practices to, among other things, achieve better policy. Understanding how people handle diversity spontaneously will enlighten us about what they “expect”, what they are looking for in coexistence. I ask: How do communities accommodate difference in spontaneous and culturally resonant ways? What resources do they actually draw on to maintain civil relations and avoid conflict and violence between the different religious and ethnic groups that cohabit the same space? This project will open theoretical and normative space for a broader range of approaches to coexistence, ones that are attuned to questions of deep difference, divergent worldviews, and diverse values. In contrast to studies on the effects of policy or structural conditions on the dynamics of coexistence, this project will demonstrate why we should also take culture and existing practice seriously when considering the dilemmas of diversity.

Mots-clés : intergroup accommodation,tolerance,ordinary coexistence