Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : SUPRAWOC (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : University of Würzburg — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2490934.0 €

Ruthenium complexes with 2,2'-bipyridine-6,6'-dicarboxylate (bda) as equatorial ligand and pyridines as axial ligands are currently the most favored class of efficient water oxidation catalysts (WOCs) and thus a great hope for achieving practical artificial photosynthesis. Based on the outstanding WOC performance of our recently reported macrocycles bearing three [Ru(bda)] units, this proposal aims to explore a wider variety of multinuclear metallosupramolecular architectures including more diverse polygons, polyhedra and coordination polymers. Precise control of structure and size will be achieved through a directional bonding approach with suitable vertices and edges, e.g. for cubic, tetrahedral, or dodecahedral architectures, and new ring-opening living supramolecular polymerization protocols with specially-tailored [Ru(bda)] precursors and multitopic azaaromatic initiators towards unprecedented polymer topologies. Whereas the synthesis and isolation of these metallosupramolecular structures will take advantage of rapid axial ligand exchange at elevated temperatures and the charge neutrality in the Ru(II) oxidation state, water networks will form in the internal cavities of the polygons, polyhedra and coordination networks for the catalytically active Ru(IV/V) species. These networks facilitate substrate water binding and proton-coupled electron transfer processes, both of which accelerate the challenging oxidative half reaction of (photo-)catalytic water splitting. Taking advantage of the accumulation of positive charge in the envisioned metallosupramolecular scaffolds, negatively charged photosensitizers will be embedded into host-guest complexes to accelerate solar light-driven WOC. Accordingly, this proposal will establish a new family of metallosupramolecular structures with outstanding functionality based on innovative synthetic concepts and important principles found in natural photosynthesis.

Mots-clés : artificial photosynthesis,metallosupramolecular polyhedra,coordination polymers,supramolecular photochemistry,water oxidation catalysis
Projet ERC : SELDOM (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental constituents of matter
Entité participante : National Institute for Nuclear Physics — Pays : Italie — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : INFN
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 826250.0 €

SELDOM explores a new experimental method to decisively boost the study of the electric dipole moment (EDM) and magnetic dipole moment (MDM) of baryons at the LHCb experiment at CERN. We will be able to guide the first search of charm baryons EDM: any observation would represent a signature of new physics. With the strange baryon EDM measurement, we will push forward the sensitivity on the Lambda baryon EDM to an unprecedented precision. Thus, we will set new constraints to extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics. To date no search was performed for short-lived charm baryon EDM, as it must be determined studying the spin precession in intense magnetic fields before the decay - a major challenge for these unstable particles. SELDOM will overcome this limitation, using as key ingredient a bent crystal attached to a fixed target. Short-lived charm baryons produced in the target will be channelled into the crystal: the intense electromagnetic field between its atomic planes will induce fast spin precession; events are reconstructed with the LHCb detector. Conversely, spin precession in long-lived strange baryons (produced from charm baryon decays from beam-beam collisions), will be induced by the magnetic field of the LHCb tracking system. Strange baryons decaying at the end of the magnet will be reconstructed with “ad-hoc" tracking algorithms developed in SELDOM. Together with the experimental setup itself, this is one of the major challenges of the project. Our experimental approach will also unlock measurements of the charm baryon MDM and of the strange baryon and anti-baryon MDM, allowing a test of CPT symmetry. SELDOM will be a crucial piece in the puzzle to explain the absence of antimatter in the Universe, and it has the potential to shorten the path to new physics discoveries opening up new research opportunities.

Mots-clés : flavor physics at lhc,lhcb experiment,electric and magnetic dipole moments,search for new physics,cp violation,strange and charm baryons
Projet ERC : SOPHY (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Physical and analytical chemical sciences
Entité participante : Italian Institute of Technology — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2150000.0 €

SOPHY will develop the tools and knowledge to probe optoelectronic processes at buried interfaces, in devices, at operating conditions, delivering a long time pursued target in many fields of nanotechnology. Semiconducting metal halide perovskites, and devices based on them, will be the primary technology under investigation, given its potential to represent the merging point between the efficient inorganic and the chameleonic organic electronics. The presence of various types of chemical interactions in such complex ionic solids gives them a characteristic “soft” fluctuating structure, prone to a wide set of defects which span from lattice distortions to the presence of mobile ions. These are sensitive to the device operating conditions, thus, the control of structure-properties relationship, especially at interfaces, becomes elusive, and the prediction of device operation, necessary to engineer reliable systems, is not possible without an “in vivo” approach. SOPHY addresses the above challenge combining fundamental investigations, material processing, devices fabrication. It will understand the role of structural deformations in determining the “defectiveness” of perovskites and its link to the optoelectronic materials properties. It will put in place an experimental tool which will map in space, with a resolution below 50nm, electronic structures and their excitations, and how they evolve in time over a timescale from fs to microseconds to follow a wide set of cascade phenomena. Such approach, implemented for the first time on diodes’ cross-sections, will allow their study at different operation conditions. The broad impact of this approach will be demonstrated in a series of case studies selected from different key technologies. Finally, SOPHY will model, for the first time, the operating mechanisms of perovskite based diodes, by being able to take into account the structural and energetic transformations each interface will undergo during operation

Mots-clés : optoelectronics
Projet ERC : SPHERE (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : KTH Royal Institute of Technology — Pays : Suède — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : KTH
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2500000.0 €

SPHERE is a historical study of humanity’s relation to planetary conditions and constraints and how it has become understood as a governance issue. The key argument is that Global Environmental Governance (GEG), which has arisen in response to this issue, is inseparable from the rise of a planetary Earth systems science and a knowledge-informed understanding of global change that has affected broad communities of practice. The overarching objective is to provide a fundamentally new perspective on GEG that challenges both previous linear, progressivist narratives through incremental institutional work and the way contemporary history is written and understood. SPHERE will be implemented as an expressly global history along four Trajectories, which will ensure both transnational as well as transdisciplinary analysis of GEG as a major contemporary phenomenon. Trajectory I: Formation articulates a proto-history of GEG after 1945 when the concept of ‘the environment’ in its new integrative meaning was established and a slow formation of policy ideas and institutions could start. Trajectory II: The complicated turning of environmental research into governance investigates the relation between environmental science and environmental governance which SPHERE examines as an open ended historical process. Why was it that high politics and diplomacy came in closer relations with environmental sciences? Trajectory III: Alternative agencies – governance through business and civic society explores corporate responses, including self-regulation through the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility, to growing concerns about environmental degradation and pollution, and business-science relations. Trajectory IV: Integrating Earth into History – scaling, mediating, remembering will turn to historiography itself and examine how concepts and ideas from the rising Earth system sciences have been influencing both GEG and the way we think historically about Earth and humanity.
Projet ERC : SUPRA2DMAT (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : Fondation Jean-Marie Lehn — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CIRFC
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 896875.0 €

SUPRA2DMAT is a multidisciplinary project aimed at exploiting materials engineering, by mastering supramolecular approaches, to combine the outstanding physico-chemical properties of graphene and other 2D layered materials (2DLMs) with the chemical and functional programmability of molecular components, with the ultimate goal of modulating and enhancing the properties of 2DLMs and imparting them a responsive nature. The monolayer nature of 2DLMs makes them extremely sensitive to environmental changes at the nanoscale. Controlled processing and interfacing of 2DLMs with functional molecular assemblies will be attained by means of non-covalent and (dynamic) covalent chemistry approaches. The physisorption of redox, magnetic or optical switches to create crystalline superlattices on 2DLMs will enable the fabrication of high-performance electrical devices capable to simultaneously respond to at least two external independent stimuli. Structurally precise hairy 2D and 3D layer-by-layer porous composites for multianalyte chemical sensing will be tailored via chemisorption of supramolecular receptors of the target analyte onto the 2DLMs. Highest sensitivity and selectivity in the sensing of water molecules (humidity) as well as heavy or alkali metal ions through an electrical readout will be guaranteed by the choice of the receptor and 2DLM and their nanostructuration. The knowledge developed in SUPRA2DMAT will lead to the emergence of a conceptually new generation of multifunctional high-performance devices for applications in optoelectronics and chemical sensing, and on the long term also in energy and spintronics. SUPRA2DMAT will also bring a useful contribution to the development of future emerging technologies based on 2DLMs for light-weight, low-cost and large-area applications products on flexible substrates, e.g. for nanoscale multifunctional logic technologies and environmental monitoring, thus opening new and important perspectives in materials and nanosciences.

Mots-clés : graphene,2d materials,hybrid composites,molecular self assembly,interface tailoring,responsive systems,multifunctional devices,optoelectronics and sensing applications
Projet ERC : SYRASP (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : Forum transregionale studien ev — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Autres
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1175239.0 €

SYRASP combines textual analysis of Syrian prison literature with interviews on narrative and memory among former political prisoners. Between the late 1970s and early 2000s, the Assad regime imprisoned thousands of opponents from the secular left and Muslim Brotherhood, as well as their family members and associates. Political prisoners were held indefinitely in large group cells, often exclusively with members of their parties. By addressing their prison narratives as a diverse set of oral and print practices, the study traces the distinctive political cultures that took shape in and around prisons under the Assad regime, which remains in power under Bashar al-Assad (2000-present).The study’s interdisciplinary method will yield the first corpus of written and oral prison narrative. The primary literature under study consists of memoirs, poetry, stories, and essays by former political prisoners, as well as social media posts, unpublished manuscripts, and blogs. The interview population comprises male and female former prisoners who were held in group cells in Syria, accused of affiliation with the left or the Muslim Brotherhood, for a minimum of 1 year. Oral practices under study include formal techniques (e.g., recitation of poetry, scripture, folklore), memorisation of information on the cell population, and accounts of prison events. Interviews will use oral history methods. By treating prison narrative as a multi-modal system comprising print, orality, and sound, SYRASP traces networks of expression and contention that emerge from prisons, connecting lives on the inside to dissension and depictions of prison in Syrian letters. It uses the lens of publics to describe the forms of collective memory and belonging that Syrian prisoners created under harrowing conditions. It thus offers an actor-centred account of prisons at the centre, not the margins, of Syrian political culture.

Mots-clés : syrian literature,prison literature,oral narrative,oral history,publics,poetry,memorisation
Projet ERC : iRELaTE (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Complexity
Entité participante : National University of Ireland — Pays : Irlande — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : NUI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1477622.0 €

Schizophrenia, affecting 0.5-1% of the population, is ranked by the World Health Organisation as more disabling than paraplegia or blindness in 18-34 year olds. Current treatments, developed over 50 years ago, are only partly effective in treating this disability, and new treatments are lacking. To address this treatment impasse, this project aims to develop and test a novel immune based model of deficits in social cognition – the set of mental operations that underlie social interactions (e.g. emotion recognition, theory of mind) and strongly predict social disability in schizophrenia. Based on recent discoveries in schizophrenia genetics, this project asks: (1) are genetic causes of deficits in social cognition mediated by effects on immune function during development and (2) does early social environment moderate these effects? To address these questions, the project has two parts. Part A focuses on neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies of social cognition in patients and healthy adults so as to (1) provide an innovative characterisation of the effects of inflammatory markers (e.g. pro-/anti- inflammatory cytokines) on social cognition, (2) establish whether these markers mediate the effects of recently identified genetic risk loci on schizophrenia, and (3) identify to what extent early social environment (e.g. parental relationships, childhood trauma) moderates this relationship. Part B focuses on behavioural and pharmacological studies in mice to (1) establish the causal effects of early immune challenge and early social environment on social cognition, and (2) test the translational benefits of anti-inflammatory treatment to normalize the resulting deficits. By validating an immune based model of schizophrenia, this project has the potential to move beyond current (dopamine based) treatments, and suggest groundbreaking alternatives for understanding and treating social disability in this and other neurodevelopmental disorders.

Mots-clés : social cognition,emotion recognition,theory of mind,social attributions,immune function,inflammatory response
Projet ERC : NASTAC (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology — Pays : Suisse — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ETH Zurich
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2631556.0 €

Scholars studying contemporary conflict and development have increasingly turned to the historical roots of state formation. Going beyond Tilly’s classical theory of state formation, the NASTAC project creates a new theory of nationalist state transformation that will be evaluated with historical maps and archival data extracted through machine learning. While much has been written about state formation and nationalism, there is currently no empirically verified theory that shows how nationalism transformed and keeps transforming state internal and external properties, and how post-nationalist mechanisms counteract this influence. Without such a framework it is difficult to know under what conditions partition or power sharing should be used to pacify conflict-ridden multi-ethnic states. The project contains four work packages (WPs). WP1 will investigate whether state penetration and the evolution of the size and shapes of states have interacted with warfare according to Tilly’s expectations. WP2 will develop our theory of nationalist state transformation showing how nationalism affected internal state reach and how it triggered external change, such as secession, unification and irredentism, and, in turn, how these processes interacted with, and modified, patterns of conflict. WP3 will apply the theory of nationalist state transformation to the post-1945 world and will analyze how it interacts with post-nationalist mechanisms, such as power sharing. WP4 will develop innovative methods that draw on recent advances in machine learning techniques, such as deep learning, in order to transform historical maps and documents into disaggregated and spatially explicit datasets with extensive historical scope. Led by Lars-Erik Cederman, the NASTAC project will be hosted by the International Conflict Research group at ETH Zürich, which has published extensively in top outlets and has ample experience in managing large research projects.

Mots-clés : state formation,nationalism,ethnicity,conflict,state size,empires,colonialism,borders,secession,partition,unification,irredentism,machine learning,neural networks
Projet ERC : CompSCHoice (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : Centro de Estudios Monetarios y Financieros — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : CEMFI
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 334576.79 €

School choice is one of the most hotly debated policies in education. Advocates argue that school choice allows equal access to high quality schooling for all. High-income families have always had more choice, either through residential choice or through enrolment in private schools. Therefore increased choice should also improve equity by allowing minority and low-income students to choose too. On the other hand, school choice critics suggest that school choice can increase sorting between schools based on their socio-economics status, suggesting high-income families benefit more from these policies. Three different and disconnected literatures in economics provide different and often contradicting answers to these questions. We propose a unified theoretical framework that merges these three literatures and allows for a comprehensive analysis on school choice design and its impact on actual choice, outcomes and segregation in schools and neighborhoods. Unique and newly constructed data sets are used to address novel empirical challenges. The data constructed for Barcelona shall become one of the largest and most comprehensive data sets not only on school choice but also on public education worldwide. Using the data set from Barcelona we 1) estimate families’ preferences and, for the first time, evaluate the efficiency of different mechanism through structural estimation of our model and counterfactual analysis. We then 2) evaluate the impact that peer effects have on parents' choice and on outcomes. Exploiting the occurrence of hurricane Katrina in New Orleans and the aid programs implemented we aim at 3) estimating the distribution of willingness to pay for quality schools for families with different socio-economics. And last we exploit a policy change in Catalunya in 2009 to 4) provide evidence on how increased flexibility of the school system to adapt for differential maturity levels affects individual short and medium-term outcomes.
Projet ERC : NanoBubbles (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Synergy grants)
Entité participante : Université Grenoble Alpes — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UGA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1986167.5 €

Science relies on the correction of errors to advance, yet in practice scientists find it difficult to erase erroneous and exaggerated claims from the scientific record. Recent discussion of a “replication crisis” has impaired trust in science both among scientists and non-scientists; yet we know little about how non-replicated or even fraudulent claims can be removed from the scientific record. This project combines approaches from the natural, engineering, and social sciences and the humanities (Science and Technology Studies) to understand how error correction in science works and what obstacles it faces, and stages events for scientists to reflect on error and overpromising. The project’s focus is nanobiology, a highly interdisciplinary field founded around the year 2000 that has already seen multiple episodes of overpromising and promotion of erroneous claims. We examine three such “bubbles”: the claim that nanoparticles can cross the blood-brain barrier; that nanoparticles can penetrate the cell membrane; and the promotion of the “protein corona” concept to describe ordinary adsorption of proteins on nanoparticles. Findings based on error (non)correction in nanobiology should be generalizable to other new, highly interdisciplinary fields such as synthetic biology and artificial intelligence. We trace claims and corrections in various channels of scientific communication (journals, social media, advertisements, conference programs, etc.) via innovative digital methods. We examine error (non)correction practices in scientific conferences via ethnographic participant-observation. We follow the history of conferences, journals, and other sites of error (non)correction from the 1970s (before nanobio per se existed) to the present. And we attempt to replicate nanobiological claims and, in case of non-replication, document obstacles to correcting those claims. Finally, we will spark a dialogue within the nanobiology community by organizing workshops and events at c

Mots-clés : conference studies,scientometrics,controversy studies,sociology of science,scientific publishing,cell imaging,blood brain barrier,endocytosis,text mining,post publication peer review