Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : StableChaoticPlanetM (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : University of Padua — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UNIPD
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 827622.7 €

The planetary problem consists in determining the motions of n planets, interacting among themselves and with a sun, via gravity only. Its deep comprehension has relevant consequences in Mathematics, Physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics. The problem is by its nature perturbative, being well approximated by the much easier (and in fact exactly solved since the XVII century) problem where each planet interacts only with the sun. However, when the mutual interactions among planets are taken into account, the dynamics of the system is much richer and, up to nowadays, essentially unsolved. Stable and unstable motions coexist as well. In general, perturbation theory allows to describe qualitative aspects of the motion, but it does not apply directly to the problem, because of its deep degeneracies. During my PhD, I obtained important results on the stability of the problem, based on a new symplectic description, that allowed me to write, for the first time, in the framework of close to be integrable systems, the Hamilton equations governing the dynamics of the problem, made free of its integral of motions, and degeneracies related. By such results, I was an invited speaker to the ICM of 2014, in Seoul. The goal of this research is to use such recent tools, develop techniques, ideas and wide collaborations, also by means of the creation of post-doc positions, assistant professorships (non-tenure track), workshops and advanced schools, in order to find results concerning the long-time stability of the problem, as well as unstable or diffusive motions.

Mots-clés : msc2010  70kxx nonlinear dynamics,70f10 n body problems,70f15 celestial mechanics,70h14 stability problems,37j40 perturbstion,normal forms,small divisors,kam theory,arnold diffusion
Projet ERC : StableChaoticPlanetM (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : University of Naples Federico II — Pays : Italie — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 72377.3 €

The planetary problem consists in determining the motions of n planets, interacting among themselves and with a sun, via gravity only. Its deep comprehension has relevant consequences in Mathematics, Physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics. The problem is by its nature perturbative, being well approximated by the much easier (and in fact exactly solved since the XVII century) problem where each planet interacts only with the sun. However, when the mutual interactions among planets are taken into account, the dynamics of the system is much richer and, up to nowadays, essentially unsolved. Stable and unstable motions coexist as well. In general, perturbation theory allows to describe qualitative aspects of the motion, but it does not apply directly to the problem, because of its deep degeneracies. During my PhD, I obtained important results on the stability of the problem, based on a new symplectic description, that allowed me to write, for the first time, in the framework of close to be integrable systems, the Hamilton equations governing the dynamics of the problem, made free of its integral of motions, and degeneracies related. By such results, I was an invited speaker to the ICM of 2014, in Seoul. The goal of this research is to use such recent tools, develop techniques, ideas and wide collaborations, also by means of the creation of post-doc positions, assistant professorships (non-tenure track), workshops and advanced schools, in order to find results concerning the long-time stability of the problem, as well as unstable or diffusive motions.

Mots-clés : msc2010  70kxx nonlinear dynamics,70f10 n body problems,70f15 celestial mechanics,70h14 stability problems,37j40 perturbstion,normal forms,small divisors,kam theory,arnold diffusion
Projet ERC : DENOVO-P (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Cellular, Developmental and Regenerative Biology
Entité participante : University of Oxford — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 518845.26 €

The polarity of the single cell from which many organisms develop determines the polarity of the body axis. However, the polarity of these single cells is often inherited. For example, zygote polarity is inherited from the polarized egg cell of Arabidopsis thaliana. By contrast, polarity is not pre-set in the spore cell that forms the Marchantia polymorpha (Marchantia) plant. An environmental cue – directional light – polarises the spore cell which, in turn, directs the formation of the first (apical-basal) axis and the fates of the two daughter cells formed when the spore cell divides. Using Marchantia, we will discover how cell polarity is established de novo in the developing spore cell and how this, in turn, directs the specification of the first major axis in the plant. The proposed research is feasible because of the unique characteristics of the Marchantia system: 1. Isolated single apolar cells become polarized allowing us to exploit the real-time imaging with experimental manipulation of polarising cues at each stage of development. 2. Haploid genetics can be exploited to carry out genetic screens of unprecedented depth and we can identify mutant genes using a fully annotated genome sequence. 3. Gene expression can be measured with high temporal resolution during polarization. We propose to: 1. Describe the cellular and morphogenetic events that occur as the spore cell polarizes, divides asymmetrically to form cells at either end of the apical-basal axis. 2. Define the mechanism underpinning the de novo establishment of polarity using a combination of forward and reverse genetics and determine if this mechanism is conserved among land plants. 3. Determine the role of auxin in transmitting spore cell polarity to the cells at both ends of the apical-basal axis. This will describe, for the first time, the molecular mechanism controlling the de novo polarization of a single cell that develops into a plant.

Mots-clés : polarity,marchantia,evolution
Projet ERC : Brain3.0 (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1997748.0 €

The present project focuses on a barely scratched aspect of invasive cognitive brain-computer interfaces (cBCIs), i.e. closed-loop invasive cBCIs to augment and restore attentional functions. Its aim is to achieve an efficient enhanced cognition protocol both in the healthy brain and in the damaged brain and to study the local and global plasticity mechanisms underlying these effects. The project relies on the unique methodological combination of multi-electrode multisite intracortical recordings and functional magnetic resonance imaging, in association with reversible cortical lesions and intracortical microstimulations, in an experimental model allowing to approach the attentional human function and its dysfunctions to the best. Our goal is to achieve: 1. A closed-loop invasive cBCI for augmented attention, by providing the subjects with a feedback on their cortical spatial and feature attention information content as estimated from real-time population decoding procedures, using reinforcement learning, to have them improve this cognitive content, and as a result, improve their overt attentional behavioural performance. 2. A closed-loop invasive cBCI for restored attention, by inducing a controlled attentional loss thanks to reversible cortical lesions targeted to key functionally-identified cortical regions and using the closed-loop cBCI to restore attentional performance. 3. An invasive cBCI for stimulated attentional functions. We will identify the neuronal population changes leading to a voluntary enhancement of attentional functions as quantified in aim 1 and inject these changes, using complex patterns of microstimulations, mimicking spikes, to enhance or restore attention, in the absence of any active control by the subjects. This project will contribute to the development of novel therapeutical applications to restore acute or chronic severe attentional deficits and to provide an in depth understanding of the neural bases underlying closed-loop cBCIs.

Mots-clés : non human primate,neurofeedback,multi electrode recordings,enhancing cognition,resotring cognition,plasticity
Projet ERC : BHSandAADS (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : University of Münster — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : WWU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 952525.36 €

The present proposal is concerned with the analysis of the Einstein equations of general relativity, a non-linear system of geometric partial differential equations describing phenomena from the bending of light to the dynamics of black holes. The theory has recently been confirmed in a spectacular fashion with the detection of gravitational waves. The main objective of the proposal is to consolidate my research group based at Imperial College by developing novel mathematical techniques that will fundamentally advance our understanding of the Einstein equations. Here the proposal builds on mathematical progress in the last decade resulting from achievements in the fields of partial differential equations, differential geometry, microlocal analysis and theoretical physics. The Black Hole Stability Problem A major open problem in general relativity is to prove the non-linear stability of the Kerr family of black hole solutions. Recent advances in the problem of linear stability made by the PI and collaborators open the door to finally address a complete resolution of the stability problem. In this proposal we will describe what non-linear techniques will need to be developed in addition to achieve this goal. A successful resolution of this program would conclude an almost 50-year-old problem. The Analysis of asymptotically anti-de Sitter (aAdS) spacetimes We propose to prove the stability of pure AdS if so-called dissipative boundary conditions are imposed at the boundary. This result would align with the well-known stability results for the other maximally-symmetric solutions of the Einstein equations, Minkowski space and de Sitter space. As a second -- related -- theme we propose to formulate and prove a unique continuation principle for the full non-linear Einstein equations on aAdS spacetimes. This goal will be achieved by advancing techniques that have recently been developed by the PI and collaborators for non-linear wave equations on aAdS spacetimes.

Mots-clés : einstein equations,general relativity,black holes,stability,anti de sitter,non linear partial differential equations
Projet ERC : BHSandAADS (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : Imperial College London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1047229.64 €

The present proposal is concerned with the analysis of the Einstein equations of general relativity, a non-linear system of geometric partial differential equations describing phenomena from the bending of light to the dynamics of black holes. The theory has recently been confirmed in a spectacular fashion with the detection of gravitational waves. The main objective of the proposal is to consolidate my research group based at Imperial College by developing novel mathematical techniques that will fundamentally advance our understanding of the Einstein equations. Here the proposal builds on mathematical progress in the last decade resulting from achievements in the fields of partial differential equations, differential geometry, microlocal analysis and theoretical physics. The Black Hole Stability Problem A major open problem in general relativity is to prove the non-linear stability of the Kerr family of black hole solutions. Recent advances in the problem of linear stability made by the PI and collaborators open the door to finally address a complete resolution of the stability problem. In this proposal we will describe what non-linear techniques will need to be developed in addition to achieve this goal. A successful resolution of this program would conclude an almost 50-year-old problem. The Analysis of asymptotically anti-de Sitter (aAdS) spacetimes We propose to prove the stability of pure AdS if so-called dissipative boundary conditions are imposed at the boundary. This result would align with the well-known stability results for the other maximally-symmetric solutions of the Einstein equations, Minkowski space and de Sitter space. As a second -- related -- theme we propose to formulate and prove a unique continuation principle for the full non-linear Einstein equations on aAdS spacetimes. This goal will be achieved by advancing techniques that have recently been developed by the PI and collaborators for non-linear wave equations on aAdS spacetimes.

Mots-clés : einstein equations,general relativity,black holes,stability,anti de sitter,non linear partial differential equations
Projet ERC : ALLERGENE (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : Helmholtz Zentrum München — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : HMGU
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1493330.0 €

The prevalence of allergic diseases, such as atopic eczema, asthma and rhinitis, has increased over the past decades and is currently estimated to be up to 40%. Prevention strategies play a pivotal role, as there are no curative treatments available. Therefore, the aim of ALLERGENE is to understand the complex interplay of genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors and to identify involved mechanisms that distinguish between young adults free of allergic diseases and those suffering from allergic multimorbidity. Therefore, the aims of the present project are to: 1. Define allergic disease trajectories from birth to young adulthood, describe their determinants and identify risk and protective early-life environmental and lifestyle factors contributing to progression towards allergic multimorbidity or remission of allergic diseases. 2. Investigate molecular mechanisms of epigenetic regulation of allergic disease trajectories and test effect modification by inclusion of selected environmental and lifestyle factors. 3. Characterise the underlying inflammation profile of allergic disease trajectories and determine interactions with environmental and lifestyle factors The project makes use of two long-standing, prospective German birth cohort studies, GINIplus and LISA, with available data from birth to young adulthood, and an extensive examination planned at age 25. Within this project, a comprehensive characterisation of allergic disease trajectories, their determinants, comorbidities, risk and protective factors across the life-course will be obtained. ALLERGENE will enhance the understanding of how modifiable factors contribute to allergic disease aetiology. This will be an essential prerequisite to develop effective early intervention strategies for susceptible populations and to identify disease-specific biomarkers for the development and progression of allergic diseases in the future.

Mots-clés : allergy,asthma,respiratory,children,adolescents,young adults,comorbidity,multimorbidity,epidemiology,birth cohort,methylation,gwas,inflammation
Projet ERC : DestCilia (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions
Entité participante : University of Geneva — Pays : Suisse — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UNIGE
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1408776.0 €

The primary cilium is a microtubule-based organelle that organizes a variety of cellular signaling pathways. Its importance for human health is illustrated by a large collection of cilium-based diseases, the ciliopathies, caused by mutations that alter cilium formation, structure, and function. Importantly, the mammalian Hedgehog signaling pathway is critically dependent on the primary cilium, dysregulation of which contributes to severe developmental defects and a variety of cancers. The ultimate goal of this work program is to enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of ciliary signaling in health and disease. This is accomplished through the development of advanced technologies that provide a currently unattainable level of spatiotemporal control over ciliary proteins in mammalian cells. Unraveling the mechanisms by which the ciliary compartment orchestrates signal transduction is challenging, because ciliary and cytoplasmic roles of proteins involved in signal transduction are tightly connected, difficult to resolve and, importantly, context-specific. Here, an innovative chemical biology program is presented that provides a powerful toolbox to overcome these challenges, allowing the intraciliary manipulation, and therefore study, of ciliary proteins. Combining chemical probes, synthetic ciliary targeting approaches, and a modular enzymatic tagging strategy, this program provides unprecedented opportunities to probe, visualize, inhibit or degrade proteins at specific times and selectively within the ciliary compartment. Specifically, these tools will be used to decipher the relationships between tubulin acetylation state, intraflagellar transport, and Hedgehog signal transduction in wild-type and ciliopathy-mutant cells. These innovative work packages synergistically provide enhanced fundamental understanding of ciliary signaling, and pave the way for novel therapeutic approaches to combat cilium-based diseases.

Mots-clés : primary cilium,hedgehog signaling,chemical probes,protein tagging,sortase a mediated ligation,ciliary targeting sequence,tubulin acetylation,atat1,intraflagellar transport,spatiotemporal control,ciliopathies
Projet ERC : QGP-MYSTERY (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental constituents of matter
Entité participante : Technical University of Munich — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : TUM
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1366875.0 €

The primary objective of this project is to explore the properties of a new state of matter, the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP), at the highest energies to date. The QGP consists of asymptotically free quarks and gluons and the evidence for its discovery was announced in experiments analyzing collisions of heavy ions. Previous experiments at lower energies have caused a dramatic change of paradigm in our understanding - measurements at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider showed that the QGP behaves like a strongly coupled liquid, instead of the weakly interacting gas expected by theorists. The focus of this project is the measurement of the anisotropic flow, which has proven to be the most informative probe for studying the properties of nuclear matter produced in heavy-ion collisions. The analysis methods to be utilized are multiparticle correlation techniques developed by the PI. Currently mainly the first moments (averages) of multiparticle correlations are used. Within the scope of the theoretical subproject we aim to derive analytic expressions for higher order moments of multiparticle correlations by continuing a pioneering work recently initiated by the PI. The here proposed project aims also the measurement of new flow observables, so-called Symmetric Cumulants, recently introduced in the field by PI. The recent restart of Large Hadron Collider at top energy, a record breaking 5.02 TeV center of mass energy, offers a truly unique and a timely opportunity for this project. The main dataset will comprise the heavy-ion collisions collected with ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Collisions of smaller systems will be scrutinized as well in order to determine the onset of QGP formation. This project offers a unique opportunity to pin down quantitatively the properties of the QGP, beyond the rather qualitative analyses that are currently carried out in the field. It also will impact the fields of high energy physics, nuclear physics, cosmology and hydrodynamics.

Mots-clés : quark gluon plasma,strong nuclear force,anisotropic flow phenomenon,multiparticle correlation techniques
Projet ERC : BRiiGHT (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Proof of concept grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental constituents of matter
Entité participante : University of Oxford — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 138547.5 €

The primary objective of this proposal is to build the first cheap and technically simple source of bright single photon states that have the characteristics (including state purity, repetition rate) to power photonic quantum technologies. Photonic quantum simulators have not been able to break into the regime where they outperform classical simulators because of the intrinsically probabilistic character of the photon sources, which means that in most runs of the simulator, there is no output. By means of a new type of room-temperature quantum memory and state-of-the-art heralded parametric down-conversion photon sources, we will change this: we shall make near-deterministic single photon sources. Briefly, a quantum memory is a device that is capable of capturing and then releasing quantum states, and are a key technology for photonic quantum technologies as they enable scalability. However, quantum memories had proved difficult to build with sufficiently low added noise, which prohibited them from operating at the quantum level. Very recently we invented and demonstrated the world’s first fast, noise-free and room-temperature quantum memory, Off-Resonant-Cascaded Absorption (ORCA). ORCA is the first full quantum memory that has the bandwidth to operate with nonlinear optical quantum light sources. Armed with our new quantum memory technology we will interface it with pure and identical photons produced via parametric down-conversion to produce BRiiGHT: Broadband Room-temperature Inexpensive & IndistinGuishable pHoTons. Our BRiiGHT module will be a rack-mounted, room-temperature, robust and inexpensive source of pure and indistinguishable photons. The outcome of the program will be the development of a technological platform that can be easily scaled up to provide the multi-photon resource states required for quantum simulation, quantum communication and elementary quantum computing tasks.

Mots-clés : quantum memory,single photon source,quantum networks,ambient conditions,quantum technologies