Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : LIMITS (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : Leipzig University — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 541832.5 €

The project is concerned with Borel and measurable combinatorics, sparse graph limits, approximation of algebraic structures and applications to metric geometry and measured group theory. Our research will result in major advances in these areas, and will create new research directions in combinatorics, analysis and commutative algebra. The main research objectives are as follows. 1) Study equidecompositions of sets and solve the Borel version of the Ruziewicz problem. 2) Give a new characterisation of amenable groups in terms of measurable Lovasz Local Lemma. 3) Study rank approximations of infinite groups and commutative algebras.

Mots-clés : borel combinatorics,graph limits,rank metric,equidecompositions,ruziewicz problem,halmos problem,approximations of infinite groups,group actions,meaured equivalence relations,graphings
Projet ERC : RicciBounds (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : University of Bonn — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2430000.0 €

The project is devoted to innovative directions of research on metric measure spaces (‚mm-spaces’) and synthetic bounds for the Ricci curvature. It aims to bring together two - currently unrelated - areas of mathematics which both have seen an impressive development in the last decade: i) the study of ,static‘ mm-spaces with synthetic Ricci bounds and ii) the study of Ricci flows for ,smooth‘ Riemannian manifolds. A new ansatz - based on the concept of dynamical convexity - will enable to merge these two cutting-edge developments and will lead to the very first approach to Ricci flows on singular spaces. The project also aims to break up the limitations for the study of (generalized) Ricci curvature for mm-spaces, until now being restricted exclusively to spaces with uniform lower bounds for this curvature. For the first time ever, mm-spaces with (signed) measure-valued lower bounds for the Ricci curvature will be studied - the absolutely continuous, non-constant case being highly innovative as well. Besides Ricci bounds also Ricci tensors will be defined and utilized for novel insights and sharp estimates. Furthermore, the project aims to initiate the development of stochastic calculus on mm-spaces and, in particular, to provide pathwise insights into the effect of (singular) Ricci curvature. The focus will be on pathwise optimal coupling, stochastic parallel transport, and derivative formulas. Both the static and the dynamic case are of interest. Methods from optimal transport and from stochastic calculus will be combined to push forward the analysis on path and loop spaces. Each of these aims is important and worth in its own. Only in combination, however, they produce the dynamics, synergy effects, and cross-fertilization requested for maximum success. The anticipated breakthroughs of the project depend on exceeding classical borders of mathematical disciplines and on merging together topical developments from different fields.

Mots-clés : metric measure space,ricci bounds,optimal transport,bakry emery,ricci flow,heat flow,displacement convexity,coupling,brownian motion
Projet ERC : PROMOFS (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : University of Oxford — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2431911.0 €

The project is in the field of nanoporous materials engineering, focusing on the discovery, characterisation and application of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as an innovative platform to afford disruptive photonics sensing technology. Compared to the traditional material options (e.g. metal oxides and nitrides), MOFs offer several key advantages. The vast inorganic-organic (hybrid) structural diversity of MOFs implies a huge prospect to tune the desirable physical and chemical properties for engineering bespoke applications. Their 3D crystalline framework meant there is long-range periodicity, translating into continuous pathways to facilitate energy transfer and transport mechanisms. Significantly, the nanoscale pores within MOFs can be used as a vessel to host functional guests, in this context: to confine light-emitting complexes and emissive molecules creating unconventional Guest@MOF photoluminescent systems. Having established the project feasibility through pilot studies and further demonstrated the promising potential to fabricate photonic sensors, it is timely to address the outstanding challenges in this nascent field:- (1) To establish facile processing of new Guest@MOF photonic materials and composite systems, utilising in-situ nanoscale confinement strategy in conjunction with supramolecular processing method (2) To characterise photophysical and photochemical properties controlling the performance of Guest@MOF systems, and, to understand fundamental mechanisms at the nanoscale (3) To employ ab-initio computational modelling to gain deeper insights into host-guest interactions, and, to predict structure-property relations informing the design of customised materials (4) To innovate in materials patterning technology for versatile materials-to-device manufacturing processes (5) To apply Guest@MOF materials in nanoengineering of tuneable photonics sensors (6) To quantify and enhance stability of Guest@MOF materials central to practical applications

Mots-clés : metal organic frameworks,hybrid composites,sensor materials
Projet ERC : Amygdala Circuits (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System
Entité participante : Friedrich Miescher Institute — Pays : Suisse — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : FMI
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2497200.0 €

The project outlined here addresses the fundamental question how the brain encodes and controls behavior. While we have a reasonable understanding of the role of entire brain areas in such processes, and of mechanisms at the molecular and synaptic levels, there is a big gap in our knowledge of how behavior is controlled at the level of defined neuronal circuits. In natural environments, chances for survival depend on learning about possible aversive and appetitive outcomes and on the appropriate behavioral responses. Most studies addressing the underlying mechanisms at the level of neuronal circuits have focused on aversive learning, such as in Pavlovian fear conditioning. Understanding how activity in defined neuronal circuits mediates appetitive learning, as well as how these circuitries are shared and interact with aversive learning circuits, is a central question in the neuroscience of learning and memory and the focus of this grant application. Using a multidisciplinary approach in mice, combining behavioral, in vivo and in vitro electrophysiological, imaging, optogenetic and state-of-the-art viral circuit tracing techniques, we aim at dissecting the neuronal circuitry of appetitive Pavlovian conditioning with a focus on the amygdala, a key brain region important for both aversive and appetitive learning. Ultimately, elucidating these mechanisms at the level of defined neurons and circuits is fundamental not only for an understanding of memory processes in the brain in general, but also to inform a mechanistic approach to psychiatric conditions associated with amygdala dysfunction and dysregulated emotional responses including anxiety and mood disorders.

Mots-clés : amygdala,neuronal circuits,conditioning,mice,plasticity,learning
Projet ERC : FAIR (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : Norwegian School of Economics — Pays : Norvège — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : NHH
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2500000.0 €

The project provides a comprehensive and groundbreaking approach to the analysis of the moral mind and inequality acceptance. The first part of the project will provide a novel study of how the moral ideals of personal responsibility and individual freedom, which are fundamental values in most liberal societies, shape inequality acceptance. It will also provide the first experimental study of how people draw the moral circle, which is at the heart of the most pressing policy challenges facing the world today and strongly related to the question of global fairness. The second part will study how social institutions shape inequality acceptance and how it develops in childhood and adolescence, by providing two unique international studies of inequality acceptance in 60 countries across the world. These studies will provide novel insights on the distributive behavior of nationally representative samples of adults and children and on the cultural transmission of moral preferences in society. The project is rooted in behavioral and experimental economics, but will also draw on insights from other social sciences and philosophy. It will develop novel experimental paradigms to study the moral mind and the nature of inequality acceptance, including incentivized experiments on nationally representative populations, and combine structural and non-parametric empirical analysis with theory development. Taken together, the project represents a unique study of inequality acceptance in the social sciences that will address an important knowledge gap in the literature on inequality.

Mots-clés : fairness,inequality,personal responsibility,individual freedom,paternalism,moral mind
Projet ERC : INSTANT (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Proof of concept grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : Politecnico di Milano — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : POLIMI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 150000.0 €

The project task is the development and validation of an efficient catalytic fuel processor as the key component of small scale units for combined heat and power (CHP) generation in residential applications, based on hydrogen-fuel cells and fed by natural gas, air and water. A critical issue of these devices is the intensification of the heat supply in the compact methane steam reformer where hydrogen is generated. To this purpose we exploit the findings from my ERC AdG project INTENT, developing a reformer design based on thermally conductive cellular structures packed with catalyst microparticles. As demonstrated already in INTENT by lab scale tests, the flow independent conductive heat exchange mechanism enables a highly effective power supply to the endothermic catalytic reaction even in the case of low and fluctuating flow rates, as typical of these compact units. The INSTANT project aims at testing this novel configuration of the fuel processor at a semi-industrial scale (TRL5). Indicators which will be evaluated during the test sessions include: 1) the H2 productivity for a given catalyst load (target = +30%); 2) the start-up time to full load (target = -30%); 3) the response time to a load change (target = -30%). Based on the experimental outcomes, INSTANT will also assess the potential for reducing the footprint of the CHP unit, the system volume being currently one of the main constraints for domestic CHP applications, as well as the overall production cost, including life-cycle costs. If successful, INSTANT will pave the way to a new generation of CHP systems based on hydrogen fuel cells, to be used in residential applications and, in perspective, in hydrogen refueling stations for fuel-cell vehicles, thus contributing to the decarbonisation of the EU energy system.

Mots-clés : hydrogen,distributed heat and power generation,fuel processor,methane steam reforming,open cell foams,process intensification
Projet ERC : partydemocracy (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : University of Barcelona — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UB
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2500000.0 €

The project will develop a theoretically-based account of the emergence of mass parties, the choice of electoral institutions, and the final crystallization of different party systems in Europe and North America during the emergence of mass democracy and the formation of modern parties (1870-1940). It will combine statistical and historical methods to explain the formation of diverse party systems as the outcome of political choices made at particular critical junctures that involved the creation of nonsocialist and socialist parties, the mobilization of their corresponding electorates, and the strategic response of ppolitical elites (often through the manipulation of electoral laws and sometimes through the creation of new electoral coalitions). The project integrates (and, in part, adjudicates between) two different research traditions. It combines sociological approaches, initially used to explain variation in party systems in terms of the nature of underlying societal cleavages, with institutionalist accounts, showing how organizational factors (such as the extension and strategic choices of trade unions) and institutional variables (the choice of electoral rules) shaped parties and party systems in interaction with existing social cleavages. The project is also innovative empirically. It will assemble a geocoded data set of electoral returns matched with socioeconomic characteristics at the constituency level in several European countries (Belgium, France, Germany, Great Britain and Sweden). It will then infer individual behavior with the aid of new methods of ecological statistical analysis. It will examine the organizational strategies of parties and, particularly, the choice of electoral institutions, through the careful use of focused comparisons across countries and time periods.
Projet ERC : AYURYOG (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : University of Vienna — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Univie
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1094737.25 €

The project will examine the histories of yoga, ayurveda and rasashastra (Indian alchemy and iatrochemistry) from the tenth century to the present, focussing on the disciplines' health, rejuvenation and longevity practices. The goals of the project are to reveal the entanglements of these historical traditions, and to trace the trajectories of their evolution as components of today's global healthcare and personal development industries. Our hypothesis is that practices aimed at achieving health, rejuvenation and longevity constitute a key area of exchange between the three disciplines, preparing the grounds for a series of important pharmaceutical and technological innovations and also profoundly influencing the discourses of today's medicalized forms of globalized yoga as well as of contemporary institutionalized forms of ayurveda and rasashastra. Drawing upon the primary historical sources of each respective tradition as well as on fieldwork data, the research team will explore the shared terminology, praxis and theory of these three disciplines. We will examine why, when and how health, rejuvenation and longevity practices were employed; how each discipline’s discourse and practical applications relates to those of the others; and how past encounters and cross-fertilizations impact on contemporary health-related practices in yogic, ayurvedic and alchemists’ milieus. The five-year project will be based at the Department of South Asian, Tibetan and Buddhist Studies at Vienna University and carried out by an international team of 3 post-doctoral researchers. The research will be grounded in the fields of South Asian studies and social history. An international workshop and an international conference will be organized to present and discuss the research results, which will also be published in peer-reviewed journals, an edited volume, and in individual monographs. A project website will provide open access to all research results.

Mots-clés : south asian cultural history,medical history,entangled histories,global history,transnational history,medieval and early modern history,colonial and post colonial history
Projet ERC : POLAR (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : Goethe University Frankfurt — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2494665.0 €

The project will examine the relationship between economic inequality and societal openness, one of the foundational elements of liberal society. Specifically, the project will provide new empirical evidence on the purportedly negative relationship between inequality and social mobility, support for democracy, and social cohesion in the West. The challenge addressed by the project is foremost empirical: for each dimension of openness, there are straightforward theoretical arguments to link rising inequality with declining openness. In each case, there is widely-known evidence to support a negative relationship in bivariate cross-sectional cross-country data. In each case, however, the best available research has regularly failed to confirm the negative relationships in longitudinal designs that sought to identify the causal impact from within-country changes in inequality. To possibly reconcile the discrepancies, the project will create four new multilevel databases that combine survey microdata across more than 30 countries and over observation windows possibly extending back to the 1970s to gain leverage for an encompassing and stringently longitudinal empirical analysis. The newly constructed databases will be used for a detailed decomposition of inequality trends, a disaggregated description of trends in social mobility, social cohesion and support for democratic governance, and for a differentiated causal analysis of the role of economic inequality for societal openness in the West. The latter rests on suitable multilevel regression specifications that distinguish between mechanical, power- and composition-dependent mechanisms and that involve temporal lags, effect thresholds, systematic treatment effect heterogeneity, and appropriate controls for concomitant trends in order to provide valid effect estimates, but also to contextualize effect occurrence and to possibly identify societal and institutional sources of resilience.

Mots-clés : economic inequality,social mobility,fairness,social cohesion,political participation,trust in institutions,cross national comparison,survey data,multilevel modelling,longitudinal research design
Projet ERC : NONUNE (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth system science
Entité participante : University of Oxford — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 187477.5 €

The project will use a set of innovative techniques to study the two major events that precede classical, uniformitarian geology. We will search for crystallised remnants of the primordial terrestrial magma ocean and examine the consequences of our observations for mantle dynamics. Crystallisation of the dominant lower mantle phase, bridgmanite, imparts a Mg and Si isotopic fingerprint to cumulates and evolving liquid of the magma ocean. Identifying the relicts of these small but distinctive fractionations requires application of our bespoke, high precision analytical protocols. As an integral part of this work, we will undertake coupled first principles calculations and petrological experiments to provide a benchmark documentation of the isotopic fractionations experienced by these two most abundant cation-forming elements in the silicate Earth. We will also date the global onset of plate tectonics from complementary geochemical signatures in two little-studied detrital minerals; Pb enrichment in continental K-feldspars and Mo depletion in rutiles from exhumed fragments of subducted crust. This work uses ground-breaking methodologies made possible by our unique, tribrid (mass-filter:collision-cell:multicollector) mass-spectrometer, Proteus. We will further develop this technology in collaboration with Thermo Fisher to produce a yet more capable next generation instrument. Our tribrid mass-spectrometer allows us to date single, detrital K-feldspars by laser ablation, using Rb-Sr internal isochrons constructed with analyses of host feldspar and sodic perthite exsolutions. Coupled with in situ Pb isotope analysis, we can calculate the U/Pb of the feldspar’s crustal protolith, which diagnostically tracks contributions from subduction.

Mots-clés : isotopic fractionation,mantle convection,magma ocean,continental growth
Projet ERC : MULTILING-HIST (Horizon 2020, appel 2020, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : Stellenbosch University — Pays : Afrique du Sud — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : SU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 0.0 €

The proposal addresses the complex, multi-level dimensions of historical and contemporary multilingualism: (1) the presence of individual multilingualism in local and regional settings; (2) the characteristics and dynamics of such multilingual settings, in other words, societal multilingualism. The fundamental aim of the project is to reconstruct, explain and better understand the mechanisms and causality of the processes behind the emergence, continuity, reduction and loss (as well as possible re-emergence) of multilingualism in differing historical, geographical, social, political and cultural contexts. These goals address not only essential gaps in the state of knowledge, but also significant questions about the past and the present of human development. The project will embrace historical and contemporary multilingual milieux from four regions relevant for understanding the causal frameworks underlying multilingual trajectories: selected historical multilingual hotspots from Central-Eastern Europe, Mesoamerica, South Africa and the Archipelago of Vanuatu. They represent a diversity of pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial contexts, ensuring a meaningful comparison. The case studies also offer a novel possibility to study the ‘invisibility’ of multilingualism and uncover its neglected history(ies). The research will focus on a broad range of rural communities and a smaller amount of urban contexts, thus permitting comparative insights into urban multilingualism. A multidisciplinary approach will combine in novel ways historical and present data, qualitative and quantitative methods as well as mathematical modeling, data-driven mapping and GIS mapping. Its expected results will provide informed diagnoses and predictions with huge potential for improving existing language policies and educational strategies oriented toward the preservation of linguistic-cultural diversity and sustainable multilingualism.