Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : ERC-OAPEN-2015 (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Low value grant)
Entité participante : Stichting oapen*open access publishing in european networks — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : Oapen
Type d'entité : Autres
Financement ERC de l'entité : 50000.0 €

ERC-OAPEN-2015 aims to set up a deposit service for OA books based on research funded by ERC. OAPEN will collect, host and provide access to the books and book chapters, in order to maximise dissemination and scientific and societal impact. The deposit service will consist of the following main components: identify and approach eligible grantees; identify research output in the form of monographs; capture and host the publications and metadata; and report on the results (publications, compliance, usage). An important part of the project will be to determine the practical dimensions of the deposit service for ERC: the project will establish the policy framework for OA publications under FP7 and Horizon 2020 rules (Special Clause 39 ERC in the FP7 ERC model Grant Agreement; Article 29.2 in the Horizon 2020 ERC Model Grant Agreement); explore the potential routes to the deposit of books, through authors (grantees) and publishers; determine which versions of the publication can be accepted in the OAPEN Library (final accepted manuscript, published edition); and under what licenses and conditions (such as an embargo). These dimensions need to be determined in consultation with the ERCEA, and in cooperation with the grantees and publishers. The OAPEN deposit service for ERC will consist of the following elements: - raising awareness for OAPEN’s deposit service in support of ERC’s OA requirements - providing guidance and support to ERC beneficiaries and publishers to comply with ERC guidelines and requirements - aggregation and deposit of OA monographs and monograph chapters in the OAPEN Library - quality assurance of publications - hosting and full text retrieval of OA publications - dissemination and digital preservation of OA publications - reporting on the results of the deposit service in terms of: numbers and types of publications; compliance of publications in relation to ERC requirements; usage based on COUNTER compliant usage statistics.

Mots-clés : open access,monographs,erc open access strategy,deposit service
Projet ERC : ESTUARIES (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth system science
Entité participante : Utrecht University — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2000000.0 €

ESTUARIES are shallow coastal water bodies with river inflow shaped by biomorphological processes, with patterns of channels and shoals, sand/mud flats, tidal marshes, vegetated banks and peat. Development was influenced by early Holocene landscape that drowned under sealevel rise, and by human interference. Estuaries harbour highly productive natural habitats and are of pivotal economic importance for food production, access to harbours and urban safety. Accelerating sealevel rise, changing river discharge and interference threaten these functions, but we lack fundamental understanding and models to predict combined effects of biomorphological interactions, inherited landscape and changing drivers. We do not understand to what extent present estuary planform shape and shoal patterns resulted from biomorphological processes interacting with inherited conditions and interference. Ecology suggests dominant effects of flow-resisting and sediment de/stabilising eco-engineering species. Yet abiotic physics-based models reproduce channel-shoal patterns surprisingly well, but must assume a fixed planform estuary shape. Holocene reconstructions emphasise inherited landscape- and agricultural effects on this planform shape, yet fossil shells and peat also imply eco-engineering effects. My aims are to develop models for large-scale planform shape and size of sandy estuaries and predict past and future, large-scale effects of biomorphological interactions and inherited conditions. We will significantly advance our understanding by our state-of-the-art eco-morphological model, my unique analogue landscape models with eco-engineers and a new, automated paleogeographic reconstruction of 10 data-rich Holocene estuaries on the south-east North Sea coast. We will systematically compare these to modelled scenarios with biomorphological processes, historic interference and inherited valley geometry and substrate. Outcomes will benefit ecology, archeology, oceanography and engineering

Mots-clés : estuaries,tidal bars,shoals,freshwater tidal marshes,riparian vegetation,holocene,sea level rise,scale experiments,analogue modelling,numerical modelling,paleogeographical reconstruction
Projet ERC : BayesianGDPR (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer science and informatics
Entité participante : University of Sussex — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1329947.0 €

EU's GDPR prescribes that "Personal Data shall be processed lawfully, fairly, and in a transparent manner." The vision of this BayesianGDPR project is to integrate into automated machine learning systems using a novel Bayesian approach, in a transparent manner, the legal non-discriminatory principles of GDPR, taking into account feedback from humans and future consequences of their outputs. We aim to achieve this ambitious vision by 1) developing a machine learning framework for addressing fairness in classification problems and beyond, and under uncertainty about data, models, and predictions about future data (algorithmic fairness under uncertainty), 2) extending the framework to a setting where data points arrive over time, and models have to be dynamically updated when taking general feedback (feedback-driven setting), and 3) ensuring a human could understand how non-discrimination is defined and achieved by using, among others, uncertainty estimates for building interpretable models and/or explicitly explaining about changes being made to the models to enforce non-discriminatory principles (transparency in fairness). The BayesianGDPR project is "doubly timely"; not just in terms of the criticality of the fairness and transparency in machine learning at this point in time, but also because recent breakthroughs in scalability have finally made it feasible to explore Bayesian approaches that are uniquely capable of addressing one of the most central aspects of the problem, i.e. uncertainty. BayesianGDPR will, in the short term, ensure that organisations relying on machine learning technologies are provided with concrete tools to comply with the non-discriminatory principles of GDPR and similar laws. In the medium term, it will impact research in computational law, and its integration into mainstream legal practice. In the long term, it will also ensure continued confidence of the general public in the deployment of machine learning systems.

Mots-clés : bayesian machine learning models,fairness models,and transparency in fairness models
Projet ERC : EXAFONIS (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Condensed matter physics
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1675037.0 €

EXAFONIS objectives venture into the emerging field of antiferromagnetic (AF) spintronics. By exploiting the unique performances offered by scanning NV-magnetometry, two major objectives will be pursued. The first objective aims at providing a comprehensive and thorough analysis of the microscopic mechanisms at the origin of AF manipulation when subjected to different external stimuli, including strain, electric fields and spin-polarized currents. Such studies still remain an almost uncharted research territory, despite highly-valuable promises of antiferromagnets for future spintronics devices providing fast, low-consumption and high-density storage capabilities. The second objective aims at demonstrating the first detection and efficient manipulation of magnetic skyrmions in an antiferromagnet. As such, EXAFONIS will pioneer the field of topological antiferromagnetic spintronics.

Mots-clés : nv magnetometry,antiferromagnetic materials,spintronics,quantum sensing
Projet ERC : NeuroMag (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System
Entité participante : University of Cambridge — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : U. Cambridge
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 431512.5 €

Each year millions of animals undertake remarkable migratory journeys, across oceans and through hemispheres, guided by the Earth’s magnetic field. While there is unequivocal behavioural evidence demonstrating the existence of the magnetic sense, it is the least understood of all sensory faculties. The biophysical, molecular, cellular, and neurological underpinnings of the sense remain opaque. In this application we aim to remedy this situation, exploiting an established assay, our unique infrastructure, and state-of-the-art methodology, using pigeons as a model system. The proposal will address three questions: 1) Where are the primary magnetosensors? 2) Where is magnetic information processed in the brain? 3) How is magnetic information encoded in the brain? In Aim 1 we will explore whether inner ear hair cells are the primary sensors, and if the detection of magnetic stimuli depends on the presence of magnetic crystals or electromagnetic induction. We will employ a range of physical methods to locate magnetite, and a molecular approach to identify putative electroreceptors. In Aim 2 we will use light sheet microscopy coupled with clearing methods to undertake whole brain mapping of magnetically-induced neuronal activation in the pigeon. We will complement these studies with transcriptomic methods to molecularly and anatomically define magnetosensitive circuits within the pigeon brain. We will build on this work in Aim 3 utilising in vivo 2-photon microscopy to investigate how cells within the pigeon brain encode magnetic information. We will determine whether neurons encode for specific components of the magnetic field (i.e. inclination, intensity, and polarity) and explore whether there are spatially restricted ensembles, providing a dynamic picture of magnetically induced neuronal activity. We anticipate that these experiments will reveal a secret that nature has kept hidden for millennia; How do animals detect magnetic fields?

Mots-clés : magnetoreception,pigeons,magnetite,electromagnetic induction,neuronal circuits,hippocampus
Projet ERC : ResolveStroke (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1995098.0 €

Each year, stroke kills 6 million people worldwide and permanently disable another 5 million. The prognosis is defined by the extent of the stroke, along with the rapidity by which it is identified and treated. Current diagnostic imaging, MRI and CT, require specialized centers and time. Even though ultrasound could provide a rapid and portable diagnostic tool, it is currently constrained by diffraction, which yield a theoretically incompressible compromise between the penetration in depth and through the skull with respect to the minimum detectable vessel size. We have recently demonstrated that the diffraction limit in ultrasound imaging can be surpassed in the rat brain in-vivo [Errico et al. Nature 2015]. Inspired by FPALM, Ultrafast Ultrasound Localization Microscopy (uULM) can reach resolutions of a tenth of the wavelength, in-depth with a clinical contrast agent and scanner. It is now possible to use lower ultrasound frequencies, which easily penetrate the skull and travel deep into tissue, to observe vessels at the micron-scale. In the context of stroke diagnosis, we propose to use uULM to reconstruct the entire human brain vasculature, within a few minutes, with a portable ultrasound system positioned on the patient’s head. First, the project ResolveStroke proposes to develop an animal trans-skull vascular scanner to define biomarkers linked to stroke. 3D mapping at the capillary scale will allow us define new anatomical and physiological biomarkers. Secondly, a human system will be built, initially fully-sampled but eventually smaller and portable. The last stage will consist in a proof-of-concept of the ultrasonic angiogram in patients with subacute ischemia. By saving previous time and, hence, brain tissue, we believe that a portable ultrasound system that could map the vascular structure of the human brain in intensive care units or even ambulances could have a profound impact on the management of stroke patients.
Projet ERC : ChronHib (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Complexity
Entité participante : National University of Ireland — Pays : Irlande — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : NUI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1804229.61 €

Early Medieval Irish literature (7th–10th centuries) is vast in extent and rich in genres, but owing to its mostly anonymous transmission, for most texts the precise time and circumstances of composition are unknown. Unless where texts contain historical references, the only clues for a rough chronological positioning of the texts are to be found in their linguistic peculiarities. Phonology, morphology, syntax and the lexicon of the Irish language changed considerably from Early Old Irish (7th c.) into Middle Irish (c. 10th–12th centuries). However, only the relative sequence of changes is well understood; for most sound changes very few narrow dates have been proposed so far. It is the aim of Chronologicon Hibernicum to find a common solution for both problems: through the linguistic profiling of externally dated texts (esp. annalistic writing and sources with a clear historical anchorage) and through serialising the emerging linguistic and chronological data, progress will be made in assigning dates to the linguistic changes. Groundbreakingly, this will be done by using statistical methods for the seriation of the data, and for estimating dates using Bayesian inference. The resultant information will then be used to find new dates for hitherto undated texts. On this basis, a much tighter chronological framework for the developments of the Early Medieval Irish language will be created. In a further step it will be possible to arrive at a better chronological description of medieval Irish literature as a whole, which will have repercussions on the study of the history and cultural and intellectual environment of medieval Ireland and on its connections with the wider world. The data collected and analysed in this project will form the database Chronologicon Hibernicum which will serve as the authoritative guideline and reference point for the linguistic dating of Irish texts. In the future, the methodology will be transferable to other languages.

Mots-clés : early irish language,early irish literature,linguistic dating,absolute and relative chronology of language changes,bayesian statistical probabilities in dating
Projet ERC : GHOSTINTHESHELL (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Cellular, Developmental and Regenerative Biology
Entité participante : Max Planck Society — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : MPG
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2371791.0 €

Early animal development, including the process of gastrulation, exhibits tremendous diversity of morphogenetic mechanisms. How does this morphological divergence evolve under the constraints imposed on early embryos remains unclear. In this proposal, I will ask how interactions between cells of the early embryo, the yolk component of the egg and the attachment to the surrounding egg shell affects gastrulation morphogenesis. I will focus on the comparison of two insect embryos, Drosophila and Tribolium, that exhibit strikingly different flows and foldings of the fundamentally very similar cellular blastoderm epithelium during gastrulation. I will ask how contacts between the cellular blastoderm, the yolk-sac and the surrounding vitelline envelope confine and shape tissue movements. What are the molecular mechanisms mediating the contacts and what functional consequences their disruption has for the embryo’s viability. I will probe the tissue interactions by embryological and biophysical manipulations, in toto electron and live microscopy and through genetic manipulations of the integrin adhesion pathway that I recently showed to impact insect gastrulation by mediating cellular blastoderm-vitelline envelope attachment. Using the comparative approach, I will ask how changes in the regulation of tissue interactions sculpt gastrulation morphogenesis in these insect species. I will then expand the investigation beyond arthropods and probe the tissue-shell interaction in several non-model species in order to understand its evolutionary origin and significance for shaping animal phylogeny. Taken together, the research will bridge two relatively isolated disciplines – evolution of development and tissue morphogenesis. By combining their methodological and conceptual approach, I will shed new light on the mechanisms governing diversification of early development and lay the foundations for understanding the phylogeny of morphogenesis.

Mots-clés : comparative approach,evolution of development,light sheet microscopy,serial section transmission electron microscopy,drosophila,tribolium,yolk,vitelline envelope,tissue interactions
Projet ERC : RUTTER (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : Fciencias.id - associacao para a investigacao e desenvolvimento de ciencias — Pays : Portugal — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : Fc.id
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1582016.64 €

Early modern nautical rutters (sailing directions) are the earliest Western documents that testify to the stable and regular lived experience of traversing the earth’s oceans on a global, planetary scale. Nautical rutters (and ship’s loogbooks) are technical documents that collect and analyse critical information for the successful accomplishment of oceanic navigation. This includes elements of strict nautical nature (courses, distances, and latitudes), as well as information on oceanography (currents and tides), meteorology (winds and storms), geography, geophysics (magnetic declination) and the natural world. Their unique value lies not only in the fact that they are exceptional historical repositories of information about the world on a planetary scale but, more importantly, that they document the emergence of global concepts about the earth. In fact, no earlier documents contain information about the earth on a comparable worldwide scale. Thus, their historical value is peerless. Using these exceptional, yet poorly known sources, the main objective of this project is to write a narrative of the scaling up of a scientific description of the earth in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, from the lived experience of travelling and observing the earth in long-distance sea voyages. As a preliminary task, a systematic search, identification and classification of the information contained in early modern Iberian rutters and ship’s logbooks will be performed. This will be followed by an extensive multidisciplinary study of their content aiming at radically improving our present knowledge of the historical process that led to the formation of global concepts about the earth.

Mots-clés : global environment,history of navigation,climate history,history of oceanography
Projet ERC : LIGNINFIRST (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : Imperial College London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999756.0 €

Early-stage Catalytic Conversion of Lignin (ECCL), or the ‘Lignin-First’ approach, constitutes an emerging multidisciplinary research field targeting the valorisation of lignin. ECCL involves the concurrent extraction and catalytic conversion of the lignin fragments released from plant biomass in a one-pot process. In this manner, ECCL benefits from the intrinsically high reactivity of the lignin oligomers, leading to further depolymerisation (via hydrogenolysis of ether linkages) and, most importantly, to the passivation of the intermediates (via hydrodeoxygenation of aldehyde and ketone groups), thus protecting the lignin fragments from recondensation. In short, this novel approach renders a high yield of mono-aromatic products (>60%) and highly delignified pulps, allowing for the full utilisation of lignocellulose. LIGNINFIRST objectives will be achieved by high-risk/high-gain research into: (1) understanding (and control over) the solvolytic release of lignin fragments; (2) advancing the molecular understanding of H-transfer reactions catalysed by sponge Ni catalysts to accelerate the discovery of catalytic methods for lignin valorisation, and; (3) reaction engineering of the interdependent processing steps for fractionation of the initial biomass feedstock (catalytic upstream biorefining) to the intended value-added products (catalytic downstream processing). The full impact of LIGNINFIRST will be realised by undertaking pioneering research at the border of Wood Chemistry, Catalysis and Reaction Engineering. The most significant anticipated outcome is a profound understanding of the synergy between deconstruction of lignin, occurring in the plant tissue throughout the ‘cooking process’, and ECCL. The new scientific insights that will emerge from the implementation of this proposal have the great potential for revolutionising the utilisation of lignin in biorefineries.

Mots-clés : lignin,lignocellulose fractionation,catalytic chemical processes