Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : GLOBALMUN (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : University of Glasgow — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1766277.58 €

This project will undertake a transnational comparative study investigating the phenomenon of remunicipalisation. This refers to a global trend since 2000 (involving 835 cases in 45 countries) for cities to take formerly privatised assets, infrastructure and services back into public ownership. As such, it marks a significant departure in existing urban governance processes, signaling a decisive shift against the dominant form of neoliberalism that has held sway since the 1980s. The research advances the distinctive thesis that remunicipalisation represents a critical moment in the demise of neoliberalism, signifying a shift towards a new post-neoliberal urban governance regime. This has fundamental implications for cities in terms of how they are managed, who is involved and who benefits from urban development processes, with the re-introduction of more state-driven and potentially more democratic public forms. The overarching aim of the research is to critically interrogate remunicipalisation and its implications for an emergent post-neoliberal urbanism. To address this aim it has three objectives: to develop a typology and conceptualisation of remunicipalisation that captures its diverse spatial, political and social forms; to assess whether it leads to more progressive forms of state and public action; and, to critically evaluate the democratic potential of the new forms of municipal public ownership. The research employs a multi-method transnational comparative analysis over five years, which involves an extensive global survey element, a three-country comparative analysis (Argentina, Germany, US), and a multi-site ethnographic phase of individual remunicipalisation case studies in each country.

Mots-clés : remunicipalisation,public ownership,urban governance,democratic participation
Projet ERC : BIFLOW (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : Ca' Foscari University of Venice — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1380625.0 €

This project will undertake the first systematic investigation of the various literary documents that circulated simultaneously in more than one language in Tuscany, and especially Florence, between the mid-13th Century and the beginning of 15th Century. During that period, Florence was both a prominent literary centre in the vernacular, and home to a renewal of classical Latin eloquence. While both fields are well studied, their interaction remains largely unexplored. This research, at the convergence of several disciplines (literature, philology, linguistics and medieval history), has a strong pioneering character. It aims at changing the perception of medieval Italian culture and interpretation of the break between medieval Culture and Humanism. For this reason, the project will develop research in varying degrees of depth. First, it will provide the first catalogue of bilingual texts and manuscripts of medieval Tuscany. Organized as a database, this tool of analysis will stir innovative research in this field, some of which will be immediately promoted during the project. Secondly, two case studies, considered as important and methodologically exemplary, will be researched in detail, through the publication of two important set of texts, of secular and religious nature : 1. The vernacular translation of the Latin Epistles of Dante Alighieri; 2. A collection of polemical, historiographical, devotional and prophetical documents produced by the Tuscan dissident Franciscans in last decades of the 14th Century. Finally, the entire team, led by the PI, will be involved in the preparation of a synthesis volume on Tuscan culture in the fourteenth century viewed through bilingualism, entitled Cartography of bilingual culture in Fourteenth-Century Tuscany. From this general map of the Italian culture of the time, no literary genre nor field (be it religious or lay) shall be excluded.

Mots-clés : medieval bilingualism and diglossia,medieval culture and humanism,medieval religious history,dante alighieri,volgarizzamenti  and medieval translation,latin and vernacular manuscripts
Projet ERC : H-MIP (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : Pompeu Fabra University — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UPF
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1960828.0 €

This project will use mobile phone positioning, DNA fingerprinting, and citizen science, combined with traditional socio-demographic methods to trace the host-vector biting networks through which mosquito-borne diseases flow and illuminate the behavioural, socio-demographic, and environmental mechanisms that shape these networks in a spatially explicit manner. It will merge this ground-breaking data with existing datasets on population, urban structure, land cover, and climate, analysing it using network techniques, spatial models, and machine learning to test hypotheses about the determinants of these networks. The results will make it possible to improve dynamic models of mosquito-borne disease and recommend targeted policy interventions for reducing disease risk in Europe and around the world. In doing so, it will address the critical need for greater social science perspective iThis project will use citizen science, mobile phone geo-localization, genetic analysis, surveys, interviews, and cutting-edge modelling techniques to trace the host-vector contact networks through which mosquito-borne diseases flow, illuminate the mobility patterns and other behavioural mechanisms that shape these networks, and evaluate policy interventions aimed at reducing the risk of these diseases in urban and suburban settings. In doing so, it will address the critical need for greater social science perspective in mosquito-borne disease research, making it possible to improve disease models and public health management through a fuller understanding of the socio-ecological context driving dengue, chikungunya, Zika and other mosquito-borne diseases that place enormous burdens on society and exacerbate social inequality across the globe. It will draw on the the PI’s unique interdisciplinary background, straddling socio-demography, public policy, and disease ecology, and his pioneering work on citizen science in public health research and mobile phone tracking in demographic research.

Mots-clés : socio ecology,disease ecology,citizen science,vector borne disease,disease vector mosquitoes
Projet ERC : MonoDiaL (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : University of Strathclyde — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 149962.0 €

This proof of concept proposal will build on an innovative monolithic diamond Raman laser, with near quantum limited efficiency demonstrated during the ERC starting grant DiaL. A range of important applications will be scoped and the technology tailored to meet the most promising market demands. The result will be a platform approach to compact laser design taking existing Nd:YAG-based lasers to wavelengths with a strong applications pull that cannot be met with current technology. This will extend the product lines and market penetration of EU laser companies. This programme has two complementary tracks: working with specialists, we will identify the market pull and the required laser specifications; in parallel, we will engineer the science developed within DiaL to address these needs in a compact, robust and cost-effective way.

Mots-clés : diamond raman laser,laser engineering,diamond for laser applications
Projet ERC : CASCAde (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer science and informatics
Entité participante : Newcastle University — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1485642.5 €

This proposal aims to create a new generation of security assurance. It investigates whether one can certify an inter-connected dynamically changing system in such a way that one can prove its security properties without disclosing sensitive information about the system's blueprint. This has several compelling advantages. First, the security of large-scale dynamically changing systems will be significantly improved. Second, we can prove properties of topologies, hosts and users who participate in transactions in one go, while keeping sensitive information confidential. Third, we can prove the integrity of graph data structures to others, while maintaining their their confidentiality. This will benefit EU governments and citizens through the increased security of critical systems. The proposal pursues the main research hypothesis that usable confidentiality-preserving security assurance will trigger a paradigm shift in security and dependability. It will pursue this objective by the creation of new cryptographic techniques to certify and prove properties of graph data structures. A preliminary investigation in 2015 showed that graph signature schemes are indeed feasible. The essence of this solution can be traced back to my earlier research on highly efficient attribute encodings for anonymous credential schemes in 2008. However, the invention of graph signature schemes only clears one obstacle in a long journey to create a new generation of security assurance systems. There are still many complex obstacles, first and foremost, assuring "soundness" in the sense that integrity proofs a verifier accepts translate to the state of the system at that time. The work program involves six WPs: 1) to develop graph signatures and new cryptographic primitives; 2) to establish cross-system soundness; 3) to handle scale and change; 4) to establish human trust and usability; 5) to create new architectures; and 6) to test prototypes in practice.

Mots-clés : security assurance,attestation,topology,graph signature scheme,anonymous credential scheme,evolving dependable system,system of systems
Projet ERC : RadSpec (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Physical and analytical chemical sciences
Entité participante : Ben-Gurion University of the Negev — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : BGU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1687500.0 €

This proposal aims to develop a novel strategy for high resolution vibronic spectroscopy of radicals, with unprecedented sensitivity, specificity, and applicability. The proposed scheme will provide answers to longstanding quantum mechanical questions about non-adiabatic dynamics, and, in combination with a unique, recently developed transparent microreactor source of reactive molecules, enable the pursuit of unknown reactive intermediates. Radicals and transient reactive intermediates are centrally important to chemistry but notoriously difficult to study. The proposer has recently led several successful experimental and theoretical efforts directed at molecules and transition states thought to be extremely difficult if not impossible to characterize. Here we propose to launch a revolutionary approach to spectroscopy of these important species, exploiting a key insight into dissociation dynamics on top of elements of state of the art laser spectroscopy techniques in the infrared, ultraviolet, and vacuum ultraviolet to forge a new universal method. It possesses the high sensitivity and mass selectivity of ion detection, while simultaneously being multidimensional and fully rovibronic in scope to extract the maximum possible information about coupled nuclear and electronic dynamics. We anticipate that this advance will also be of great interest and utility to a broad swath of researchers in related fields, such as combustion, atmospheric chemistry, and surface science, who require the ability to track rare but reactive species. The nitrate and cyclopentadienyl radicals will initially be targeted as particularly important examples, and we also plan to hunt for as yet unobserved reactive intermediates using our new spectroscopic scheme alongside the flexibility of our molecular source to rationally explore chemical phase space.

Mots-clés : vibronic spectroscopy,radicals,reactive intermediates
Projet ERC : UPR NEURO (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System
Entité participante : University of Cambridge — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : U. Cambridge
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1979286.0 €

This proposal aims to increase our understanding of the role of translational failure in human neurodegenerative diseases. We recently discovered the mechanism by which protein misfolding leads to neurodegeneration in prion disease. The pathway involved is a generic cellular pathway, a branch of the unfolded protein response (UPR) that controls protein synthesis at the level of initiation of translation. Rising levels of misfolded prion protein cause sustained over-activation of the PERK-eIF2α branch of the UPR in neurons resulting in an uncompensated decline in global translation rates, synaptic failure and neuronal death. Reduction of eIF2α-P levels by genetic manipulation or by pharmacological inhibition of PERK, rescue vital translation rates and prevent neurodegeneration and clinical disease in prion-infected mice. There is increasing evidence that UPR dysregulation is a central process in protein misfolding neurodegenerative diseases, and that maintaining translation levels is essential for neuronal health. Raised levels of PERK-P and eIF2α-P occur in brains of patients with Alzheimer’s (AD), Parkinson’s (PD), and related diseases. The pathway is also implicated in learning and memory; manipulation of eIF2α-P levels boost cognition in wild type mice and restore memory deficits in AD mouse models. We will test for over-activation of PERK/eIF2α-P and the effects of its manipulation in other models of neurodegenerative disease. We will generate new transgenic mouse models that isolate translational failure from specific misfolded proteins and use these to gain valuable new insights into the window for intervention when neurons can still be rescued, the selective vulnerability of different neuronal populations, and the role of the UPR in neurons and glia. Collectively, the aim is to increase insight into the role of UPR-mediated translational failure in human neurodegenerative disease and determine its tractability for the treatment of dementia.

Mots-clés : unfolded protein response
Projet ERC : ComBact (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy
Entité participante : University Medical Center Utrecht — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UMC
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1497290.0 €

This proposal aims to provide insight into how bacteria are killed by the complement system, an important part of the host immune response against bacterial infections. Complement is a large protein network in plasma that labels bacteria for phagocytosis and directly kills them via the formation of a pore-forming complex (Membrane Attack Complex (MAC)). Currently we do not understand how complement activation results in bacterial killing. This knowledge gap is mainly caused by the lack of tools to study the enzymes that trigger MAC formation: the C5 convertases. In my lab, we recently established a novel assay system for C5 convertases that allows us for the first time to study these enzymes under purified conditions. This model, combined with my expertise in microbiology, places my lab in a unique position to understand C5 convertase biology (Aim 1), determine the enzyme's role in MAC functioning (Aim 2) and elucidate how the MAC kills bacteria (Aim 3). Thus, I aim to provide insight into the molecular events necessary for bacterial killing by the complement system. I will use biochemical, structural and microbiological approaches to elucidate the precise molecular arrangement of C5 convertases in vitro and on bacterial cells. I will generate unique tools to study how C5 convertases regulate MAC insertion into bacterial membranes. Finally, I will engineer fluorescent bacteria and labeled complement proteins to perform advanced microscopy analyses of how MAC kills bacteria. These insights will lead to fundamental knowledge about the functioning of complement and will create new avenues for blocking the undesired complement activation during systemic infections and acute inflammatory processes. Furthermore this knowledge will improve desired complement activation by therapeutic antibodies and vaccination strategies in infectious diseases. Finally, this work opens up new possibilities to understand how both humans and bacteria regulate complement.

Mots-clés : complement,bacteria,convertases,membrane attack complex
Projet ERC : GLYCONTROL (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : Leiden University — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2000000.0 €

This proposal aims to understand and control glycosylation reactions. In a glycosylation reaction a “donor” glycoside and an “acceptor” (the nucleophile) are united to form an oligosaccharide. Although it is the central reaction in carbohydrate chemistry, our understanding of this reaction, in terms of stereoselectivity and productivity is still limited. The structural variation in the building blocks leads to a complex continuum of SN2-SN1 mechanisms that operates and it is currently impossible to predict where in the continuum the reaction exactly takes place. This proposal provides fundamental insight into the outcome of glycosylations by studying both the activated donor glycoside and the acceptor nucleophile. Activation of a donor glycoside leads to different reactive intermediates, covalent anomeric species (most often triflates) and oxocarbenium ion-like species. The relative reactivity of these species is quantified to generate novel reactivity charts. The covalent species are studied by innovative competition experiments, kinetic studies and NMR spectroscopy. The (fleeting) oxocarbenium ion-like intermediates are probed by a computational approach and by “super-acid NMR” studies in which stable glycosyl cations are generated and studied in super-acid media. The reactivity of glycosyl acceptors is systematically studied in a set of SN2 or SN1-type glycosylations. Using kinetic studies and competition reactions charts of acceptor nucleophilicity are compiled. The reactivity of the donors and acceptors is matched using a family of tailor made “reactivity modulators”, spanning a broad reactivity window bridging the reactivity gap between the building blocks leading to predictable glycosylations. The developed methodology is employed in automated solid phase syntheses of libraries of oligosaccharides featuring multiple cis-glycosidic linkages. The proposal is a major step forward in the development of a general glycosylation procedure.

Mots-clés : carbohydrates,glycosylations,oligosaccharides,reaction mechanism,stereoselectivity,automated synthesis
Projet ERC : MSMA (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : University of Copenhagen — Pays : Danemark — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UCPH
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1991061.0 €

This proposal concerns the application of homotopy theoretic methods to multiple questions of geometric nature, and in particular the study of moduli spaces. Firmly based in topology, the research proposed here is strongly motivated by applications and potential applications to differential geometry, algebraic geometry and especially number theory. Any “moduli space” parametrizes how certain objects may vary in families. The moduli spaces of manifolds parametrize how smooth manifolds may vary in families (smooth fiber bundles), and the representation varieties studied in the second major component parametrize how linear representations of a group may vary in algebraic families. The homotopy theoretic study of moduli spaces of manifolds has seen spectacular successes in the last 15 years, kickstarted by a theorem of Madsen and Weiss concerning the topology of moduli spaces of 2-dimensional manifolds. Very recently, anongoing collaboration between O. Randal-Williams and myself promises to establish analoguous results for manifolds of higher dimension. If funded, the research proposed here will bring this research program to a point where all major results about surface moduli spaces have proven analogues for manifolds of higher dimension. The second major component of this proposal has strong number-theoretic origins, but is essentially homotopy theoretic. It concerns the study of universal deformations of representations of (Galois) groups. If funded, the research in this component of the proposal, joint with Akshay Venkatesh, will develop derived (simplicial) deformation rings. Classical deformation rings have had spectacular applications in number theory (starting with Wiles’ work) and we also propose to begin the study of applications ofderived deformation rings. Finally, the proposal contains smaller or more speculative projects, and points out many questions which might be suitable for the Ph.D.-students and postdocs also applied for in this proposal.

Mots-clés : manifolds,moduli spaces,homological stability,representation varieties,universal deformations