Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : ROTAROM17 (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Study of the Human Past
Entité participante : Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : URCA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 858750.0 €

ROTAROM17 aims to understand the Roman Rota as one of the essential tools of the Catholic Church’s transnational governance in early modern Europe. How did this Rome-based court of appeal, which judged in the pope’s name important civil disputes involving the clergy and members of the social elites, succeed in having its authority respected outside the pontifical state? Why did men and women from Spain, Portugal, or Poland expect to find in Rome a better justice, in spite of the long, cautious and costly Rotal procedure? On which grounds did challenges and criticisms of Rota’s jurisdiction have political significance? Our aim is to study this institution which remains poorly known for this period, but also to see law in action in the settling of disputes, as well as the way in which the court’s jurisprudence, used as a reference by legal experts and disseminated in libraries, contributed to the making of a legal culture founded on negotiation. The project’s second objective is to open a new research field on Europe’s oldest still-active tribunal and facilitate access to its massive and under-used documentation by producing essential research tolls and reference works, thus laying strong foundations for future developments of scholarship. ROTAROM17 brings together an international and multidisciplinary team (social, diplomatic, cultural and intellectual history, legal history) and foregrounds primary research, connecting the Rota’s archival funds with a large set of archival funds and libraries in Europe. By renewing approaches to the Roman Rota, its environment, personal, litigants, and jurisprudence, and by opening up access to hitherto untapped documentation, ROTAROM17 will make a major and original contribution to rethinking the structuring role of the law in European culture and offer new opportunities for historians to explore their local or national fields of research from multiple perspectives in a large set of countries.

Mots-clés : justice,rome,family,nobility,catholic church
Projet ERC : CONFINED (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Soci al World and Its Interactions
Entité participante : Université Mahidol — Pays : Thaïlande — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : MU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 47081.25 €

CONFINED will develop and validate an innovative, comparative, and global research agenda of confined lives. Confinement is a ubiquitous and unequally distributed human condition. While confinement sometimes can be protective, for some groups, not least the displaced on dangerous roads, the marginalized in urban slums and the detained in prisons, it can be a damaging experience linked to violence and inequality. With an empirical point of departure in different contexts across the global north and south, known to produce a variety of confined lives, CONFINED explores, 1) how certain people’s lives are rendered confineable; 2) how confineable groups and networks navigate discursive, actual, and potential practices of confinement, and 3) how and to what extent the concept of confined lives can transform our understanding of the practices and experiences of confinement across global divides in ways that drive theoretical innovation and help build new agendas for social justice. Through three interdependent and sequentially organized work packages, CONFINED proposes to explore confined lives contextually and ethnographically across the global North and South (WP1); to compare what confines people, how they make sense of their confined lives, and how they navigate confinement (WP2), and to conceptually develop and validate the approach through engagement with academics and experts locally and globally (WP3). CONFINED will carry out comparative, ethnographic field work to follow precariously situated translocal family network across four contexts as a privileged lens to understanding confined lives at the intersection of dangerous journeys, urban slums and prisons and camps: Denmark and Lebanon; South Africa and Malawi; Thailand and Myanmar and the UK and Sierra Leone. This will allow CONFINED to reframe the empirical field of confined lives and to generate a new conceptual language to understand one of the most important drivers of inequality world-wide.

Mots-clés : displacement,urban marginality,incarceration,family and kinship,state and non state violence
Projet ERC : HISUBMET (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : Université de Strasbourg — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UNISTRA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1286250.0 €

Tetrasubstituted olefins are key to drug discovery, and the ability to such entities is a compelling goal. Pioneering studies have led to a number of noteworthy advances by significant shortcomings remain. For example, it is especially challenging to access tetrasubstituted alkenes that contain four sizeable substituents or a F atom and/or a CF3 unit. Most protocols can only afford one of the possible isomers. Tetrasubstituted alkenes that contain multiple modifiable substituents are particularly attractive, because they can serve as diversification points that lead to a large assortment of desirable compounds. Olefin metathesis offers a strategically distinct, efficient, and stereodivergent route to such entities. Yet, there are only a few reported olefin metathesis reactions that generate a cyclic tetrasubstituted olefin that does not contain two methyl substituents at each carbon (i.e., no stereochemistry). A much smaller number (four cases) are RCM reactions that afford cyclic tetrasubstituted olefins with one modifiable C–Cl bond. All involve a Ru catalyst. However, olefin metathesis reactions that can generate poly-halogenated olefins cannot be effected with a Ru catalyst (rapid decomposition). Only a Mo or a W catalyst must be used, but such complexes do not exist. We will design a new class of pivoting Mo and W catalysts that can be used to promote efficient RCM and cross-metathesis (CM) reactions that generate a wide range of readily modifiable tetrasubstituted olefins. We will accomplish this by designing catalysts wherein the rotation of the imido and aryloxide ligands is synchronized, so that a proper binding pocket is made available. The expected products, which can serve as versatile diversification points, will contain 2-3 easily modifiable units. We will also design an entirely new class of cyclic Mo and W catalysts for CM between easily accessible trisubstituted alkenes and polyhalogenated alkenes. A unique feature of these catalysts is that intra

Mots-clés : stereoselective synthesis,stereoselective catalysis
Projet ERC : NoisyFluid (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : École normale supérieure de Pise — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1785875.0 €

Fluids, in complex regimes, show random features. The aim of this project is approaching several questions around the randomness of fluids by means of a theory that could be called “Stochastic Fluid Mechanics”. The distinctive feature of this theory, opposite to others that investigated the stochastic features of fluids, is that it is based on the usual continuum mechanics equations, in particular the Navier-Stokes and Euler equations, but suitably modified by the presence of random elements, like an additive or a transport type noise. Stochastic equations of fluid dynamics have been studied already for three decades and the number of foundational results is very large. However, two basic directions have been explored only partially: a) the origin and the form of noise in fluids b) the consequences of the presence of noise. This project will make progresses in these two directions, describing the noise near boundary due to vortex productions, including the question of intrinsic stochasticity at the boundary, the propagation of additive noise at small scales to a transport-stretching noise at large scales, the consequences of transport noise on eddy viscosity, enhanced dissipation, enhanced coalescence, and other applications in turbulence and Geophysics. The most ambitious core of the project is putting together these pieces in a picture that explains the mechanism of regularization by noise for the 3D Navier-Stokes equations. The additive noise at small scales is responsible for a transport-stretching noise at larger scales which could prevent blow-up of high intensity vortex structures. We have already proved recently that a noise, of transport type only, has this regularization effect, but stretching amplifies vorticity and new progresses are needed to cope with both processes. We aim to use the experimentally observed fact that small scale velocity should be approximately orthogonal to vorticity in high intensity regions.
Projet ERC : SLEEPYSYNAPSE (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System
Entité participante : University College de Londres — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UCL
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 3492265.0 €

Sleep is essential, yet its core functions and regulatory mechanisms are not fully understood. The synaptic homeostasis hypothesis suggests sleep helps normalize synapse strength and number accumulated during wakefulness. We have developed a zebrafish model for directly visualizing dynamic synaptic changes in single neurons across sleep/wake states. Our research indicates that synaptic changes in single neurons vary significantly across similar neuronal types under baseline conditions. Notably, only sleep periods with high sleep pressure—such as at the start of the night, after sleep deprivation, or with artificially elevated adenosine levels—support net synaptic removal. Aim 1 investigates how sleep/wake-dependent changes in synaptic number and strength relate to neuronal activity. We will use single-neuron synapse labeling combined with genetically encoded calcium imaging to observe how activity affects synaptic dynamics during sleep and wakefulness. Chemogenetic tools will help us test if wake activity shapes subsequent synaptic changes during sleep and if single-synapse activity tags synapses for preservation or removal. Aim 2 explores how sleep pressure signals affect single neurons. By mapping adenosine and noradrenaline release with new sensors across the sleep/wake cycle, we will analyze their impact on sleep-dependent synaptic changes, including in zebrafish sleep homeostasis mutants. Aim 3 examines how synaptic dynamics influence behavioral states. Using transgenic zebrafish to track synapses in key sleep/wake-regulating neurons (e.g., galaninergic, serotonergic, orexin/hypocretin, and noradrenaline-producing neurons), we will investigate if changes in synaptic dynamics are related to sleep pressure and how they affect behavioral state transitions. This project advances our understanding of sleep by employing novel imaging and genetic tools in zebrafish to provide insights into the interplay between sleep pressure, neuronal activity, and synaptic dynamics.

Mots-clés : sleep,sleep homeostasis,synapses,neuronal activity,zebrafish
Projet ERC : Q-EVO (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Condensed Matter Physics
Entité participante : Université de Milan — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2435177.0 €

Among the fundamental processes governing Nature, evolution is one of the most thoroughlAmong the fundamental processes governing Nature, evolution is one of the most thoroughly described and less formalized. The grand goal of describing evolution via clean universal laws is made difficult by the inherent complexity of both the biological systems and the available experimental models, which generally involve a large number of potentially relevant variables of difficult quantification. This project is built around the Affinity-based DNA Synthetic Evolution (ADSE) platform, an experimental strategy to generate and study evolution at a molecular level that enables full quantitative description of the eco-evolutionary processes. ADSE is inspired by the in-vitro molecular selection protocol “SELEX” and enables observing the evolution across generations of large populations of DNA oligomers whose identity is given by their sequence. The key innovation is that here evolutionary mechanisms and ecological interactions (selection of the fittest, resource gathering capacity, parasitism, mutualism etc…) are given by molecular interactions based on DNA-DNA hybridization, a process that is well known and predictable from sequences. Q-EVO is based on a combination of ADSE with an innovative array-based biosensor, approaches of data science and notions of theoretical ecology. Q-EVO aims at providing a (still missing) quantitative description of the key concepts of fitness and speciation, and of the relationship between a given environment and the evolution of its ecosystem. I propose a program capable to produce hundreds of parallel evolutions for tens of generations exploring a vast variety of conditions. Raw data, formed by hundreds of millions of reads, will be analysed to follow population dynamics, extract phylogenetic paths, parametrizing the network of ecological interactions (e.g. competitors, mutualists, parasites) and will be made public in a repository created ad hoc.

Mots-clés : molecular model of eco evolution,dna nanotechnology,molecular interactions
Projet ERC : MOLCONN (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System
Entité participante : Institute of Science and Technology Austria — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ISTA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2843750.0 €

Complex wiring between neurons underlies the information processing network enabling all brain function. Fundamental questions on how the network is organized, how structural connectivity relates to the cells’ molecular machineries and how cells, synaptic connections, and circuits evolve over time remain enigmatic. Addressing these questions is beyond the limits of current measurement technologies, as these either lack resolving power to untangle cellular connectivity or can’t visualize the molecular characteristics of cells, such that these functionally highly interlinked modalities of information remain disconnected in current analysis.  Here, we will devise transformative optical imaging technologies for multi-molecular mapping in relation to dense, synaptic resolution connectomic reconstruction of the same cells. We will directly integrate multiplex protein information and in-situ gene expression profiling with connectomic reconstruction. This will reveal cell types and states and the molecular machineries involved in intercellular signaling mapped, onto neuronal morphology and synaptic connectivity patterns. The technology will be based on high-fidelity expansion microscopy with combined structural and multi-molecular readout. We will apply MOLCONN to study the functional architecture of brain tissue across development and ageing in healthy mice with unprecedented information content. We will then define multi-modal organizational rules in human brain tissue. Analysis of the ageing brain will serve as reference frame to bridge from genotype/disease states to tissue-level functional phenotypes in neurodegenerative disease in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease.  We will use a uniquely cross-disciplinary approach integrating developments in imaging, sample preparation, molecular labeling, and computational data interpretation to build unified models of molecular and structural circuit properties to address the fundamental question of how these interrelate.

Mots-clés : connectomics,dense brain tissue reconstruction with synaptic resolution,light microscopy based connectomics,liconn,expansion microscopy,multi molecular
Projet ERC : PhylProGramm (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Compl exity
Entité participante : Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas — Pays : Grèce — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : FORTH
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2499925.0 €

Morphosyntactic properties have long been considered a great challenge for the reconstruction of language history. On the one hand, they can establish deep genealogical relationships because they remain stable for millennia and evolve slowly in time, serving as markers for families. On the other hand, they may emerge abruptly as a result of borrowing from one language to the other or language restructuring under contact. At the same time, grammars develop common properties independently of history and geography, reflecting universal trends. Recent findings have shown that morphosyntactic variability significantly correlates with genetic variability, supporting the potential of morphosyntax to unravel both genetic and cultural evolutionary history. Yet the first attempts to reconstruct phylogenetic trees based on morphosyntactic data have been limited in terms of precision and resolution, and there are major disagreements on the genealogical stability and diffusability of morphosyntactic features. PhylProGramm aims to break new ground in linguistics by pioneering a new way to evaluate morphosyntax in terms of the historical information it contains, using phylogenetic inference methods as a tool. Based on preliminary results which have shown that trees constructed from morphosyntactic data reflect historical and geographical relationships, we devise novel computational methods that allow us to determine, in combination with rigorous linguistic evaluation, which features are conservative, prone to transfers/borrowings or reflect universal patterns at the scales of micro-variation, meso-variation and macro-variation. The investigation will lead us to formulate and explain the profile of specific units, their interactions, their organization into networks and/or hierarchies associated with different scales of variation and their representation in grammar, providing a unique window into the dynamics and typology of language change and variation.

Mots-clés : morphosyntax,phylogenetic inference,micro variation,meso variation,macro variation,historical linguistics,typology,theoretical linguistics,language change,language variation
Projet ERC : SingleMS (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention,  Diagnosis and T reatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : Institut Karolinska — Pays : Suède — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 3182846.0 €

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disease characterized by autoimmune attack targeting oligodendroglia (OLG) in the central nervous system (CNS), and in particular their myelin, which ensheaths neuronal axons. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have led to the identification of hundreds of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and variants that are associated with MS risk. Many of these are located near genes associated with immune cells, indicating a key role for these cells in MS. Using single-cell omics approaches, we recently found that OLG present chromatin accessibility or express genes associated with some of these SNPs/variants, both in health and disease. Here, we hypothesize that OLG have a more active role in MS than previously anticipated, and therefore we will determine the function of MS SNPs/variants in OLG in the context of MS, using humanized mouse models, patient samples and new single-cell omics techniques recently developed in my group. We will 1) characterize in-depth the transcriptomic and epigenomic landscape of human and mouse OLG in the context of MS, to identify putative genes affected by the SNPs/variants; 2) perform CRISPR-guided editing of a cohort of the identified SNPs/variants in human OLG, and determine the consequences of the editing at a) an epigenomic and transcriptional level, linking specific SNPs/variants to their bona-fide target genes, and b) a functional level, by performing an array of functional assays targeting myelination, cell survival, and immune function, both in vitro and in humanized mouse chimeras in which engineered human OLG have been transplanted. We will use single-cell and spatial omics technologies, such as nanoCUT&Tag and spatial CUT&Tag, among others which we have recently developed in my research group. The results of this project will yield unique insights into the role of OLG and the identified SNPs/variants in MS, and thereby pave the way to novel therapeutic avenues for this disease.

Mots-clés : multiple sclerosis,oligodendrocytes,glia,single cell omics,epigenomics,chromatin architecture,snps,variants,genome wide association studies
Projet ERC : BodyElectric (Horizon Europe, appel 2024, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer Science and Informatics
Entité participante : Université de Glasgow — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2499820.0 €

BodyElectric will develop a new form of haptics using electrotactile stimulation to transform our ability to incorporate tactile feedback into everyday products, to create richer interactive experiences, with lower environmental cost.  Tactile haptics is a key feature of many devices, from phones to in-car user interfaces, significantly improving usability and user experience. However, touch is limited to vibration. Vibration actuators are bulky, low bandwidth, use non-sustainable materials, and only evoke a very limited set of sensations. This means we cannot make full use of our powerful touch sense and limits the applications of haptics. Electrotactile stimulation is the only effective solution for adding tactile displays to flexible devices with different geometries, at a low cost, power consumption and complexity. However, there are 4 key challenges that must be addressed:  . Perception – Knowledge of how electrical stimulation is perceived is limited; we have no clear basis on which to design comfortable, safe and effective stimuli . Electrode Design – There are no sustainable electrodes, printable on to the surfaces of everyday devices to deliver stimulation . Impedance Changes - Skin impedance and sensitivity vary over the body and over time; the same level of stimulation could become painful (or imperceptible) if the user sweats or moves their body . Interaction Design - Little is known about how to design effectively using electrotactile haptics and there are no tools to help  Our vision to solve these problems requires ground-breaking work at the intersection of HCI, psychology and biomedical engineering to:  1 Conduct fundamental studies in the perception of electrotactile stimulation 2 Engineer sustainable electrode hardware and closed-loop impedance sensing for personalized feedback 3 Create and validate new electrotactile and multimodal interactions 4 Evaluate and demonstrate the practical effectiveness of electrotactile haptics in real world use

Mots-clés : haptics,tactile,electrotactile,tactons