Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : ENTANGLED-TM-ALKANE (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : University of Warwick — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1521137.33 €

The selective transformation of alkanes is an area of contemporary importance with wide-ranging implications for organic synthesis and the effective use of petroleum resources. While homogeneous transition metal catalysis is a potentially powerful means for achieving this objective, the fundamental organometallic chemistry of alkane activation reactions has proven to be exceedingly difficult to investigate due to the weakly interacting nature of alkanes. To address this knowledge gap and provide the foundation for future advancement of the field, ENTANGLED-TM-ALKANE outlines a systematic approach for the study of pivotal sigma–alkane complex intermediates; nominally transient and extremely reactive metal-alkane adducts formed through coordination of an intact C–H bond to the metal centre. Inspired from supramolecular chemistry, the approach involves the innovative use of systems containing alkane substrates held in close proximity to reactive metal centres through mechanical entanglement within supporting tridentate macrocyclic ‘pincer’ ligands (i.e. alkane based [2]rotaxanes and [2]catenanes). Through the interwoven topology of these systems, problematic dissociation reactions of sigma–alkane complexes will be circumvented, facilitating isolation and ultimately enabling their structure and reaction chemistry to be probed in much greater detail than has been previously possible. The project objectives are to: (a) develop and use new synthetic (supramolecular) methodologies for the preparation of these mechanically interlocked metal-alkane assemblies; (b) systematically investigate the organometallic chemistry of the metal centre and its interaction with the entangled alkane; and through variation of the macromolecules’ components (macrocycle donors and geometry, alkane, metal), (c) compile a definitive and unprecedented body of qualitative and quantitative structure-activity relationships for the activation alkanes using transition metals.

Mots-clés : organometallic chemistry,alkane activation
Projet ERC : CHANGE (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : Johannes Kepler University of Linz — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : JKU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 255595.0 €

The simulation of Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) is an indispensable tool for innovation in science and technology. Computer-based simulation of PDEs approximates unknowns defined on a geometrical entity such as the computational domain with all of its properties. Mainly due to historical reasons, geometric design and numerical methods for PDEs have been developed independently, resulting in tools that rely on different representations of the same objects. CHANGE aims at developing innovative mathematical tools for numerically solving PDEs and for geometric modeling and processing, the final goal being the definition of a common framework where geometrical entities and simulation are coherently integrated and where adaptive methods can be used to guarantee optimal use of computer resources, from the geometric description to the simulation. We will concentrate on two classes of methods for the discretisation of PDEs that are having growing impact: isogeometric methods and variational methods on polyhedral partitions. They are both extensions of standard finite elements enjoying exciting features, but both lack of an ad-hoc geometric modelling counterpart. We will extend numerical methods to ensure robustness on the most general geometric models, and we will develop geometric tools to construct, manipulate and refine such models. Based on our tools, we will design an innovative adaptive framework, that jointly exploits multilevel representation of geometric entities and PDE unknowns. Moreover, efficient algorithms call for efficient implementation: the issue of the optimisation of our algorithms on modern computer architecture will be addressed. Our research (and the team involved in the project) will combine competencies in computer science, numerical analysis, high performance computing, and computational mechanics. Leveraging our innovative tools, we will also tackle challenging numerical problems deriving from bio-mechanical applications.

Mots-clés : numerical methods for pdes,isogeometric methods,numerical methods on polyhedral meshes,geometric modeling and processing
Projet ERC : COMPUSAPIEN (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Computer science and informatics
Entité participante : Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology — Pays : Suisse — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : ETH Zurich
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1999281.0 €

The soaring demand for computing power in the last years has grown faster than semiconductor technology evolution can sustain, and has produced as collateral undesirable effect a surge in power consumption and heat density in computing servers. Although computing servers are the foundations of the digital revolution, their current designs require 30-40% of the energy supplied to be dissipated in cooling. The remaining energy is used for computation, but their complex many-core designs produce very high operating temperatures. Thus, operating all the cores continuously at maximum performance levels results in system overheating and failures. This situation is limiting the benefits of technology scaling. The COMPUSAPIEN proposal aims to completely revise the current computing server architecture. In particular, inspired by the mammalian brain, this proposal targets to design a disruptive three-dimensional (3D) computing server architecture that overcomes the prevailing worst-case power and cooling provisioning paradigm for servers. This new 3D server design champions a heterogeneous many-core architecture template with an integrated on-chip microfluidic fuel cell network for joint cooling delivery and power supply. Also, it will include a novel predictive controller based on holistic power-temperature models, which exploit the server software stack to achieve energy-scalable computing capabilities. Because of its integrated electronic-electrochemical architecture design, COMPUSAPIEN is clearly a high-risk high-reward proposal that will bring drastic energy savings with respect to current server design approaches, and will guarantee energy scalability in future server architectures. To realize this vision, COMPUSAPIEN will develop and integrate breakthrough innovations in heterogeneous computing architectures, cooling-power subsystem design, combined microfluidic power delivery and temperature management in computers.

Mots-clés : many core computing architecture,energy efficient servers,3d memory hierarchy,software based power and thermal management,micro scale cooling and power delivery subsystem,ic transient modeling
Projet ERC : Morpheus (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : University of Groningen — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : RUG
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1425657.44 €

The sophistication reached by organic chemistry has enabled the design and synthesis of a wide range of dynamic molecules that display controlled shape changes with an ever-increasing refinement. However, amplifying these molecular-scale dynamics to support shape-transformation in a broad range of macroscopic functions remains a key challenge. To address this challenge, I draw inspiration from living materials where molecular machines maintain out of equilibrium states by ingenious coupling with their anisotropic supramolecular environment, and ultimately promote the appearance of emergent properties on higher levels of organization. The aim of Morpheus is to develop shape-shifting materials and shape-generating photochemical systems by amplifying the motion of molecular machines over increasing length scales, towards the emergence of cohesive shape transformation in artificial tissue-like materials. We will (i) develop motorized materials by coupling light-driven molecular motors to liquid crystals and pre-program photoreaction-diffusion processes to achieve continuous motion; (ii) combine microfluidics with the anisotropic response of liquid crystal elastomers to create a library of shape-shifting bubbles and shells that undergo pre-programmed shape modification under irradiation with light; (iii) promote adhesion between units of mechanized matter, while preserving their original shape-shifting and shape-generating properties; and (iv) assemble tissue-like morphing materials from large cohesive networks of shape-shifting micro-spheres. This project will lay the scientific foundation for a new and multidisciplinary approach towards shape-generating molecular materials. It will yield unprecedented examples of emergent dynamics, provide simple models to untangle the underpinnings of mechanical transduction in nature, and contribute to developing new paradigms for the design of active matter.

Mots-clés : molecular motors and switches,complex molecular systems,biomimetic materials
Projet ERC : HyperK (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Synergy grants)
Entité participante : University of Bonn — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : CO-PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 3931798.0 €

The space around us is curved. Ever since Einstein’s discovery that gravity bends space and time, mathematicians and physicists have been intrigued by the geometry of curvature. Among all geometries, the hyperkähler world exhibits some of the most fascinating phenomena. The special form of their curvature makes these spaces beautifully (super-)symmetric and the interplay of algebraic and transcendental aspects secures them a special place in modern mathematics. Algebraic geometry, the study of solutions of algebraic equations, is the area of mathematics that can unlock the secrets in this realm of geometry and that can describe its central features with great precision. HyperK combines background and expertise in different branches of mathematics to gain a deep understanding of hyperkähler geometry. A number of central conjectures that have shaped algebraic geometry as a branch of modern mathematics since Grothendieck’s fundamental work shall be tested for this particularly rich geometry. The expertise covered by the four PIs ranges from category theory over the theory of algebraic cycles to cohomology of varieties. Any profound advance in hyperkähler geometry requires a combination of all three approaches. The concerted effort of the PIs, their collaborators, and their students will lead to major progress in this area. The goal of HyperK is to advance hyperkähler geometry to a level that matches the well established theory of K3 surfaces, the two-dimensional case of hyperkähler geometry. We aim at proving fundamental results concerning cycles, at classifying Hodge structures and cohomological invariants, and at unifying geometry and derived categories. Specific topics in- clude the splitting conjecture, the Hodge conjecture in small degrees, moduli spaces in derived categories, geometric K3 categories, and special subvarieties. The ultimate goal of HyperK is to draw a clear and distinctive picture of the hyperkähler landscape as a central part of mathematic

Mots-clés : algebraic geometry,derived categories,cycles and subschemes,birational geometry,cohomology theory,complex manifolds,categories and geometry,symplectic geometry,string theory,mirror symmetry,surfaces and higher dimensional varieties
Projet ERC : HyperK (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Synergy grants)
Entité participante : Université Paris Cité — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UP Cité
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1781750.0 €

The space around us is curved. Ever since Einstein’s discovery that gravity bends space and time, mathematicians and physicists have been intrigued by the geometry of curvature. Among all geometries, the hyperkähler world exhibits some of the most fascinating phenomena. The special form of their curvature makes these spaces beautifully (super-)symmetric and the interplay of algebraic and transcendental aspects secures them a special place in modern mathematics. Algebraic geometry, the study of solutions of algebraic equations, is the area of mathematics that can unlock the secrets in this realm of geometry and that can describe its central features with great precision. HyperK combines background and expertise in different branches of mathematics to gain a deep understanding of hyperkähler geometry. A number of central conjectures that have shaped algebraic geometry as a branch of modern mathematics since Grothendieck’s fundamental work shall be tested for this particularly rich geometry. The expertise covered by the four PIs ranges from category theory over the theory of algebraic cycles to cohomology of varieties. Any profound advance in hyperkähler geometry requires a combination of all three approaches. The concerted effort of the PIs, their collaborators, and their students will lead to major progress in this area. The goal of HyperK is to advance hyperkähler geometry to a level that matches the well established theory of K3 surfaces, the two-dimensional case of hyperkähler geometry. We aim at proving fundamental results concerning cycles, at classifying Hodge structures and cohomological invariants, and at unifying geometry and derived categories. Specific topics in- clude the splitting conjecture, the Hodge conjecture in small degrees, moduli spaces in derived categories, geometric K3 categories, and special subvarieties. The ultimate goal of HyperK is to draw a clear and distinctive picture of the hyperkähler landscape as a central part of mathematic

Mots-clés : algebraic geometry,derived categories,cycles and subschemes,birational geometry,cohomology theory,complex manifolds,categories and geometry,symplectic geometry,string theory,mirror symmetry,surfaces and higher dimensional varieties
Projet ERC : DEEP PURPLE (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Synergy grants)
Entité participante : Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : GFZ
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 3295800.0 €

The stability of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) is a threat to coastal communities worldwide. The PIs have changed our understanding of why it darkens during the melt season, becoming increasingly deep purple due to pigmented ice algal blooms in the ice surface, producing more melt and accelerating the GrIS towards its tipping point, and increasing sea level. The next step jump in our understanding of biological darkening will be provided by DEEP PURPLE, which will establish the factors that control ice algal blooms. These factors are essential for modelling of future melting, which require a process-based understanding of blooming. DEEP PURPLE will quantify the synergies between the biology, chemistry and physics of ice algae micro-niches in rotting, melting ice, and examine the combination of factors which stabilise them. State-of-the-science analytical and observational methods will be employed to characterise the complex mosaic of wet ice habitats, dependent on factors such as the hydrology, nutrient status, particulate content and light fields within these continually evolving ice-water-particulate-microbe systems. We will quantitatively assess why and how the fine light mineral dust particulates contained within the melting ice amplify the growth of ice algae. The particulate content and composition of different layers in the GrIS is dependent on age, and so the algae that the melting ice can support may fundamentally change over time. We look back to understand if the ice biome has changed through the Anthropocene via analyse of fjord sediments. The first draft genome of ice algae will show their key adaptations to glacier surface habitats. DEEP PURPLE looks forward by providing the critical field data sets and conceptual models of ice algal growth that will facilitate the next generation of predictive models of sea level rise due to biologically enhanced melting of the GrIS.

Mots-clés : greenland ice sheet,bioalbedo,sea level rise
Projet ERC : DeepDCarb (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Heidelberg University — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 531250.0 €

The standard advice to politicians confronting long-term challenges such as decarbonisation is to adopt time-consistent commitment devices such as binding policies. Yet politicians appear unable to do this, greatly imperilling the achievement of the 1.5 and 2oC limits in the landmark Paris Agreement. The state-of-the art struggles to explain the causes, and hence the solutions, to this impasse. Political scientists argue that politicians fear retribution at the next election; psychologists claim that citizens understand what is at stake, but expect politicians to lead. The untested assumption is that both are locked into a ‘governance trap’ which greatly reduces the political feasibility of rapid change. DeepDCarb seeks to significantly advance the academic state-of-the-art by directly interrogating the relationship between politicians, citizens/voters and other actors in a uniquely detailed and comparative manner, drawing on an unconventional combination of methods and unrivalled new data sets. It will establish a new subfield of interdisciplinary research that: • Explores the commitment devices that all states in the world have adopted, via a nested array of 13 new datasets and time-sensitive statistical techniques; • Opens up the ‘black box’ of societal commitment formation in a sample of large emitters (including the EU-28) to explore the relationship between politicians and citizens (1990-2020); • Investigates the scope for unlocking traps by bringing actors together in deliberative fora such as citizens’ assemblies, thus confronting the uncomfortable question of how far societal commitment is more effectively engendered by depoliticising or politicising contentious issues. The findings, to be widely disseminated through a programme of publication and public engagement, will contribute significantly to understanding the scope for unlocking the profound impasse in society’s struggle to deliver deep decarbonisation.

Mots-clés : climate change,decarbonisation,policy,politicians,publics
Projet ERC : DeepDCarb (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : University of East Anglia — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UEA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1864275.0 €

The standard advice to politicians confronting long-term challenges such as decarbonisation is to adopt time-consistent commitment devices such as binding policies. Yet politicians appear unable to do this, greatly imperilling the achievement of the 1.5 and 2oC limits in the landmark Paris Agreement. The state-of-the art struggles to explain the causes, and hence the solutions, to this impasse. Political scientists argue that politicians fear retribution at the next election; psychologists claim that citizens understand what is at stake, but expect politicians to lead. The untested assumption is that both are locked into a ‘governance trap’ which greatly reduces the political feasibility of rapid change. DeepDCarb seeks to significantly advance the academic state-of-the-art by directly interrogating the relationship between politicians, citizens/voters and other actors in a uniquely detailed and comparative manner, drawing on an unconventional combination of methods and unrivalled new data sets. It will establish a new subfield of interdisciplinary research that: • Explores the commitment devices that all states in the world have adopted, via a nested array of 13 new datasets and time-sensitive statistical techniques; • Opens up the ‘black box’ of societal commitment formation in a sample of large emitters (including the EU-28) to explore the relationship between politicians and citizens (1990-2020); • Investigates the scope for unlocking traps by bringing actors together in deliberative fora such as citizens’ assemblies, thus confronting the uncomfortable question of how far societal commitment is more effectively engendered by depoliticising or politicising contentious issues. The findings, to be widely disseminated through a programme of publication and public engagement, will contribute significantly to understanding the scope for unlocking the profound impasse in society’s struggle to deliver deep decarbonisation.

Mots-clés : climate change,decarbonisation,policy,politicians,publics
Projet ERC : COSMIC-LITMUS (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Universe sciences
Entité participante : Ruhr University Bochum — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : RUB
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1811437.99 €

The standard model of cosmology is impressively consistent with a large number of observations. Its parameters have been determined with great accuracy with the Planck CMB (cosmic microwave background) mission. However, recently local determinations of the Hubble constant as well as ob- servations of strong and weak gravitational lensing have found some tension with Planck. Are those observations first glimpses at a crack in the standard model and hints of an evolving dark energy com- ponent? With this ERC Consolidator Grant I will answer these questions by greatly increasing the robustness of one of those cosmological probes, the weak lensing effect of the large scale structure of the Universe also called cosmic shear. In order to reach this goal I will concentrate on the largest outstanding source of systematic error: photometric redshifts (photo-z). I will exploit the unique combination of two European imaging surveys in the optical and infrared wavelength regime, an additional narrow-band imaging survey with extremely precise photo-z, and spectroscopic calibration data from a recently approved ESO large program on the VLT. Using angular cross-correlations and machine-learning I will calibrate the photo- z in a two-stage process making sure that this crucial systematic uncertainty will keep pace with the growing statistical power of imaging surveys. This will yield an uncertainty on the amplitude of the clustering of dark matter that is smaller than the best constraints from the CMB. I will also apply these methods to ESA’s Euclid mission launching in 2020, which will fail if photo-z are not better understood by then. If the discrepancy between lensing and CMB measurements holds this would potentially result in a revolution of our understanding of the Universe. Regardless of this spectacular short-term possibility I will turn cosmic shear – one of the most powerful cosmological probes of dark energy – into a litmus test for our cosmological paradigm.

Mots-clés : weak gravitational lensing,cosmic shear,photometric redshifts