Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : LaDIST (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : Masaryk University — Pays : Rép. Tchèque — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : MU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 588038.95 €

The proposed project seeks to introduce novel methods to analyze and approximate large graphs and other discrete structures and to apply the developed methods to solve specific open problems. A need for such methods comes from computer science where the sizes of input structures are often enormous. Specifically, the project will advance the recently emerged theory of combinatorial limits by developing new insights in the structure of limit objects and by proposing a robust theory bridging the sparse and dense cases. The analytic methods from the theory of combinatorial limits will be used to analyze possible asymptotic behavior of large graphs and they will be applied in conjunction with structural arguments to provide solutions to specific problems in extremal combinatorics. The obtained insights will also be combined with methods from discrete optimization and logic to provide new algorithmic frameworks.

Mots-clés : combinatorial limits,discrete mathematics,extremal combinatorics,graph theory
Projet ERC : QuantumMagnonics (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Condensed matter physics
Entité participante : University of Glasgow — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 879337.0 €

The proposed project will experimentally interface ferromagnets with superconducting quantum circuits to study dynamics within the magnet. To this end, magnonic elements made up by thin, structured magnetic films will be strongly coupled to the qubit. Superconducting qubits are ideal detectors due to their quantum limited back-action on the measured object and energy resolution. Spectroscopy and coherence measurements on the hybrid system will be made in order to address fundamental aspects such as spin wave generation, detection, coherence, or wave propagation down to mK temperatures and at ultra-low power (atto-watts). Amplitude and phase noise of spin wave resonators will be determined. At the final stage of the project, the quantum limited resolution of qubits will facilitate single magnon creation and detection. Quantum states are swapped between qubit and magnon, and superpositioned and entangled states will be explored. Monitoring the qubit response to its magnetic environment the low and high-frequency flux noise spectrum of spin waves will be inferred. The research methodology employs junctions, resonators, and qubits as research objects and detectors. The samples will be characterized at cryogenic temperatures by transport, magnetometry, resonator and qubit setups. Magnetic materials will be deposited and structured beneath or ontop the superconducting quantum circuits. Exploring spin wave dynamics in thin films by coupling to a superconducting qubit complements conventional measurement techniques based on photon, electron or neutron scattering methods, which require highly populated excitations. The project connects to and extends research objects of ground-breaking nature to open up new horizons for quantum, magnon and spin electronics. Magnetic material physics is enhanced by new research concepts such as quantum resolved spectroscopy and coherence measurements on intrinsic dynamic states.

Mots-clés : quantum detection of spin waves with superconducting resonators and qubits
Projet ERC : CAstRA (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Universe sciences
Entité participante : Technische Universität Braunschweig — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 597534.61 €

The proposed project will significantly improve the insight in the processes that have changed a comet nucleus or asteroid since their formation. These processes typically go along with activity, the observable release of gas and/or dust. Understanding the evolutionary processes of comets and asteroids will allow us to answer the crucial question which aspects of these present-day bodies still provide essential clues to their formation in the protoplanetary disc of the early solar system. Ground-breaking progress in understanding these fundamental questions can now be made thanks to the huge and unprecedented data set returned between 2014 and 2016 by the European Space Agency’s Rosetta mission to comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, and by recent major advances in the observational study of active asteroids facilitated by the increased availability of sky surveys and follow-on observations with world-class telescopes. The key aims of this proposal are to - obtain a unified quantitative picture of the different erosion processes active in comets and asteroids, - investigate how ice is stored in comets and asteroids, - characterize the ejected dust (size distribution, optical and thermal properties) and relate it to dust around other stars, - understand in which respects comet 67P can be considered as representative of a wider sample of comets or even asteroids. We will follow a highly multi-disciplinary approach analyzing data from many Rosetta instruments, ground- and space-based telescopes, and connect these through numerical models of the dust dynamics and thermal properties.

Mots-clés : comet activity,active asteroids,cometary dust,rosetta mission
Projet ERC : HEMPEF (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : CERCA Institution — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CERCA;I-CERCA
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 923750.0 €

The proposed research aims at assessing the role of heterogeneity in economic fluctuations and its implications for monetary policy, with a focus on recent HANK (for Heterogeneous Agents New Keynesian) models. A first objective is the development of an “organizing framework” which focuses on the distinction between two types of agents of households (or firms) at any point in time: those who satisfy an intertemporal optimality condition (labeled as “unconstrained”) and those who do not (labeled as “constrained”). A heterogeneity wedge can be defined that accounts for the differential behavior of aggregate consumption (or investment) relative to an economy with a representative household (or firm). The analysis of that wedge and its components should help understand the channels through which heterogeneity operates, both in the context of specific HANK models as well as actual economies (using household or firm-level panel data). A second objective is the conduct of a comparative analysis of the aggregate equilibrium dynamics of HANK and TANK (for Two Agent New Keynesian) models. The latter class of models, which preserve the tractability and ease of interpretation of the standard Representative Agent New Keynesian (RANK) model, restrict the heterogeneity to the presence of two types of agents (constrained and unconstrained), with a constant share of each in the population. The key question to be studied is the extent to which some version of a TANK model may provide a good approximation to the dynamics of existing HANK models, as well as a better data fit than their RANK counterparts. Several applications are proposed, including the analysis of the role of constrained households in shaping the gains from wage flexibility and in determining the effects of helicopter drops on the economy, as well as the study of the impact of heterogeneity on the nature of the optimal monetary policy.

Mots-clés : inequality,stabilization policies,monetary policy rules,dsge models,transmission mechanisms,credit constraints,multiplier,wage flexibility,helicopter drops
Projet ERC : FOODHABITS (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : Institute for Fiscal Studies — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : IFS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 994772.0 €

The proposed research aims to improve our understanding of individual choices over which foods to purchase. The research aims to make fundamental contributions to models of choice and preference formation, and the outputs will inform the development of policy interventions that seek to improve nutritional outcomes. Our particular interest will be to better understand: (i) the importance of the foods available at home in childhood in influencing choices that young adults make over which foods to eat, (ii) the relevance of temptation and self-control in explaining poor nutritional food choices, and the ways that advertising might influence these behaviours, and (iii) the important interactions that exist between the ways that people spend their time (for example work and physical activity) and the food choices that they make and how this determines nutritional outcomes. A proper understanding of the way that preferences are formed, and the ways that they might be influenced, is key to the design of effective public policy. The food market is a good place to study these questions for a number of reasons. First, people make decisions with high frequency and in different economic conditions, which helps provide variation needed for identification of key parameters of interest. Second, we observe the same individuals making choices both for immediate consumption and for future consumption, which will also help us with identification. Third, the food industry is of considerable policy interest. People in developed countries are getting fatter at an alarming rate. To the extent that people do not take account of the effects of this on themselves in the future and on others then they are making suboptimal decisions; they and society could potentially be made better off by policy intervention, but it is important that we have a good understanding of what impact these interventions are likely to have.

Mots-clés : food choices,discrete choice demand,habits
Projet ERC : FutureHealth (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Cultures and cultural production
Entité participante : University of Amsterdam — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UvA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499977.0 €

The proposed research project is a multi-sited ethnography of an emergent global health intervention to improve nutrition in the first 1000 days of life. The intervention links growth during this 1000-day window to chronic and mental illness, human capital, food security, and ecosystem sustainability, positing early life nutrition as the key to meeting the United Nations’ sustainable development goals. The intervention draws numerous disciplines and geographic regions together in a holistic pursuit of a sustainable and healthy collective future. It then unfolds in different settings in diverse and localized ways. The research team will work with first 1000 days experts as well as study deployment sites in Bhutan, the Netherlands, Guatemala, USA and the Philippines. The innovative anthropological techniques of contrasting and co-laboring will allow us to both analyze the intervention and contribute to its further fine-tuning. Health experts currently recognize that there are social complexities within and differences between the sites involved, but tend to treat these as obstacles to overcome. The innovative force of our research is to consider the adaptive transformations of the intervention as a source of inspiration rather than a hindrance. Where experts currently prioritize the question of how to translate expert knowledge into interventions in the field, we will ask how lessons from the field might be translated back into expert knowledge and, where relevant, made available elsewhere. In the process we will enrich the anthropological repertoire, moving it beyond a choice between criticism or endorsement, turning living with/in difference into both a social ideal and a research style.

Mots-clés : medical anthropology,anthropology of global health,multi sited ethnography,social transformation
Projet ERC : HetScaleNet (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Systems and communication engineering
Entité participante : University of Cambridge — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : U. Cambridge
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1498531.0 €

The proposed research will make a contribution towards the analysis and synthesis of large scale complex networks: fundamental theory will be developed and important applications will be addressed, by extending tools from control theory. Networks are present throughout the physical and biological world, but nowadays they also pervade our societies and everyday lives. Major challenges that will be addressed are: I. The engineering of large scale heterogeneous networks that are guaranteed to be robust and scalable. II. The reverse engineering of biological networks. A distinctive feature of the networks we would like to engineer, which falls outside more traditional domains in systems and control, is that of scalability, i.e. the ability to guarantee robust stability for an arbitrary interconnection by conditions on only local interactions. The methodologies that will be developed will have a significant impact in various applications where scalability is important, such as data network protocols, group coordination problems and power distribution networks, as they can lead to network designs with guaranteed robustness, thus avoiding conservative schemes with poor performance. The proposed project will also make a contribution towards the reverse engineering of biological networks at the molecular level. Life in the cell is dictated by chance; noise is ubiquitous with its sources ranging from fluctuating environments to intrinsic fluctuations due to the random births and deaths of molecules. The fact that a substantial part of the noise is intrinsic provides a major challenge in control theoretic methodologies. How can feedback be used to suppress these fluctuations, what are the associated tradeoffs and limitations, and how does nature manage to handle these so efficiently? These are questions that will be addressed by developing tools for analyzing known configurations, but more importantly, by deriving fundamental limitations that hold for arbitrary feedback.
Projet ERC : Hy-MAC (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : University of Valencia — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UV
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 150000.0 €

The purpose of Hy-MAC is to assess both technical and economic viability of using magnetic nanocomposites based on the combination of carbon nanoforms (graphene) with magnetic nanoparticle as hybrid supercapacitors. These hybrid magnetic materials have shown to exhibit unique supercapacitive properties, which can be significantly enhanced by application of an external magnetic field. Thus, the specific capacitance increases up to a 500% by applying an external magnetic field. Taking advantage of these results, in this proposal we plan to fabricate and test prototype supercapacitive devices exhibiting better performances than those reported for commercial supercapacitors.

Mots-clés : hybrid magnetic materials,magnetic nanoparticles,hybrid supercapacitors,graphene,magnetic nanocomposites
Projet ERC : SIMDEQ (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Proof of concept grants)
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 148500.0 €

The purpose of the proposed project is to investigate the commercialisation potential of an innovative technology that has been developed in my lab with ERC funding. For over 15 years, our laboratory at the Ecole Normale Supérieure of the Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) has been developing an instrument called a ‘magnetic trap’. Initially developed in order to study the mechanisms of DNA replication and repair, we have discovered in the past few years that this instrument can also be used to extract both genetic and epigenetic information from single molecules of DNA. The highly novel approach we have developed is called SIMDEQTM (short for ‘SIngle-molecule Magnetic DEtection and Quantification’). We have shown that it can be used to rapidly identify, map, quantify, and fully sequence DNA fragments present in a genetic sample. In addition, a unique feature of the technology is that it can detect and locate the naturally-occurring biochemical modifications to DNA’s four bases (e.g. methylation). There is substantial commercial interest in reading these ‘epigenetic’ modifications as they are important in areas such as developmental biology, cancer, and microbial virulence. The SIMDEQTM approach to genetic analysis is simple, elegant, and combines the DNA mapping and sequencing abilities of current instruments with the revolutionary ability to directly detect a wide range of DNA modifications at single base resolution. We believe SIMDEQTM could be a disruptive technology across a wide range of research and diagnostics sectors, but recognize that this is a dynamic field with many competitors and specialized niches. We therefore hope to investigate the market potential of this technology and identify the most promising applications through the work described in this proposal.

Mots-clés : dna sequencing,epigenetic,single molecule,magnetic tweezers,hybridization sequencing
Projet ERC : STEM (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and processes engineering
Entité participante : Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : IMDEA
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1448786.56 €

The purpose of this project is the development of new multifunctional structural composite materials that combine high-performance mechanical properties and the possibility to harvest energy. The multifunctional composites are based on a continuous macroscopic fibre made up of highly aligned carbon nanotubes that has bulk mechanical, electrical and thermal properties already superior to carbon fibre and the mesoporosity and chemical resistance of an activated carbon; which will be combined with nanostructured semiconductors that can transfer charge/energy when subjected to external stimuli (piezoelectric, photovoltaic) and integrated in a polymer matrix to form composite ply structures. Such composites will be fabricated from bottom to top, resulting in a 3-component hierarchical structure. Load, charge and energy transfer processes at the nanocarbon/inorganic interface, for example, will be carefully controlled through tailoring the structure and optoelectronic properties of the two components during their synthesis, and by exploiting the role of the fibre surface to template the growth of inorganic semiconductors and form an electronic junction. The project comprises a detailed multiscale study of materials synthesis and properties, including in-situ spectroscopy, electron microscopy and synchrotron XRD during mechanical testing, junction characterisation (emission/absorption spectroscopy, impedance) and photocurrent measurements. The uniqueness of the proposal lies in exploiting advanced optoelectronic processes in macroscopic strong composites on a composite ply length-scale, in the quest for a new generation of light-weight multifunctional structural materials.

Mots-clés : energy harvesting
Projet ERC : CombiTop (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : École normale supérieure de Lyon — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : ENS de Lyon
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 40500.0 €

The purpose of this project is to use the ubiquitous nature of certain combinatorial topological objects called maps in order to unveil deep connections between several areas of mathematics. Maps, that describe the embedding of a graph into a surface, appear in probability theory, mathematical physics, enumerative geometry or graph theory, and different combinatorial viewpoints on these objects have been developed in connection with each topic. The originality of our project will be to study these approaches together and to unify them. The outcome will be triple, as we will: 1. build a new, well structured branch of combinatorics of which many existing results in different areas of enumerative and algebraic combinatorics are only first fruits; 2. connect and unify several aspects of the domains related to it, most importantly between probability and integrable hierarchies thus proposing new directions, new tools and new results for each of them; 3. export the tools of this unified framework to reach at new applications, especially in random graph theory and in a rising domain of algebraic combinatorics related to Tamari lattices. The methodology to reach the unification will be the study of some strategic interactions at different places involving topological expansions, that is to say, places where enumerative problems dealing with maps appear and their genus invariant plays a natural role, in particular: 1. the combinatorial theory of maps developped by the "French school" of combinatorics, and the study of random maps; 2. the combinatorics of Fermions underlying the theory of KP and 2-Toda hierarchies; 3; the Eynard-Orantin ``topological recursion'' coming from mathematical physics. We present some key set of tasks in view of relating these different topics together. The pertinence of the approach is demonstrated by recent research of the principal investigator.

Mots-clés : enumerative combinatorics,algebraic combinatorics,combinatorial maps,graphs on surfaces,bijective combinatorics,random discrete structures,random graphs,brownian map,scaling limits