Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : IPV_Tanzania (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : LMU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 528904.79 €

This study proposes a major advance in research on intimate partner violence (IPV), a prominent public health and human rights issue. Worldwide, it is estimated that one in three women experience physical and/or sexual violence by a partner in their lifetime, with even higher rates reported in sub-Saharan Africa (WHO 2013). Cross-sectional surveys have documented the adverse health impacts of IPV and the factors that increase risk of female victimisation and male perpetration. Nonetheless, theoretical and programmatic development has stalled due to lack of clarity on the temporality of identified associations: do documented associations represent risk factors for violence or do they reflect the consequences of abuse? This deficit of understanding is especially pressing in low and middle income countries (LMICs) where few longitudinal cohort studies with IPV as an outcome exist. This study seeks to address this gap by following forward in time a cohort of 1200 Tanzanian women, using state of the art methods to measure violence, encourage disclosure and ensure participant safety. Both quantitative and qualitative data will be collected at 4 discrete time points over 5 years, making this the largest longitudinal study of IPV ever undertaken in the developing world. In addition, an in-depth study of 40 men and a cross-sectional survey of 600 men will be conducted. The goal of the research is to advance our understanding of the predictors and consequences of IPV to better inform the design of interventions to reduce violence in LMICs. Specifically the study aims to: 1) advance the theoretical frameworks of intimate partner violence; 2) investigate the temporality of key factors linked to IPV; 3) map the dynamics of partner violence over time; 4) and investigate pathways leading to intimate partner violence. This research is of immediate necessity to address a vital public health challenge of our time and has the strong potential to have a long lasting impact on shaping the research agenda on intimate partner violence.

Mots-clés : violence against women
Projet ERC : IPV_Tanzania (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : University of London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : U. London
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 488875.09 €

This study proposes a major advance in research on intimate partner violence (IPV), a prominent public health and human rights issue. Worldwide, it is estimated that one in three women experience physical and/or sexual violence by a partner in their lifetime, with even higher rates reported in sub-Saharan Africa (WHO 2013). Cross-sectional surveys have documented the adverse health impacts of IPV and the factors that increase risk of female victimisation and male perpetration. Nonetheless, theoretical and programmatic development has stalled due to lack of clarity on the temporality of identified associations: do documented associations represent risk factors for violence or do they reflect the consequences of abuse? This deficit of understanding is especially pressing in low and middle income countries (LMICs) where few longitudinal cohort studies with IPV as an outcome exist. This study seeks to address this gap by following forward in time a cohort of 1200 Tanzanian women, using state of the art methods to measure violence, encourage disclosure and ensure participant safety. Both quantitative and qualitative data will be collected at 4 discrete time points over 5 years, making this the largest longitudinal study of IPV ever undertaken in the developing world. In addition, an in-depth study of 40 men and a cross-sectional survey of 600 men will be conducted. The goal of the research is to advance our understanding of the predictors and consequences of IPV to better inform the design of interventions to reduce violence in LMICs. Specifically the study aims to: 1) advance the theoretical frameworks of intimate partner violence; 2) investigate the temporality of key factors linked to IPV; 3) map the dynamics of partner violence over time; 4) and investigate pathways leading to intimate partner violence. This research is of immediate necessity to address a vital public health challenge of our time and has the strong potential to have a long lasting impact on shaping the research agenda on intimate partner violence.

Mots-clés : violence against women
Projet ERC : Life-Cycle (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : Université de Strasbourg — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UNISTRA
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1185050.0 €

This “Life-Cycle” ERC proposal aims to develop a new class of artificial supramolecular materials that are kept in sustained non-equilibrium states by continuous dissipation of chemical fuels. Supramolecular polymers in current artificial materials stick together through weak reversible bonds that can be exchange by thermal energy. In contrast, natural supramolecular polymers such as those in the cytoskeletal network use chemical fuels such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to achieve an incredible adaptivity, motility, growth, and response to external inputs. Development of chemically fueled artificial supramolecular polymers should therefore lead to more life-like materials that could perform functions so far reserved only for living beings. The proposed materials are based on supramolecular reaction cycles that have both positive and negative feedback in order to achieve emergent properties, such as oscillations and waves. Two different approaches are used: i) supramolecular polymers that are fueled by redox reactions, and ii) enzyme-switchable supramolecular polymers that consume one of the natural fuels, namely ATP. The proposed polymers self-assemble cooperatively, which is used as a positive feedback mechanism. Using other co-assembling species we can engineer negative feedback in our reaction cycles to obtain unique supramolecular dynamics. Since the building blocks react, but also self-assemble they have built-in chemomechanical properties, much like in living materials such as the cytoskeleton. First we study the temporal behavior (part A) of our reaction cycles in well-stirred environments. Next, we move to non-stirred conditions (part B), where spatiotemporal behavior can be studied. And lastly, we develop free-standing non-equilibrium interactive materials based on our reaction cycles (part C). Overall, our approach opens a new way to obtain more life-like artificial materials that can eventually perform complex (biological) functions.

Mots-clés : self assembly,reaction cycle,feedback,supramolecular materials
Projet ERC : ROSA (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Social World and Its Diversity
Entité participante : Sciences Po Lyon — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : IEP de Lyon
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 181533.3 €

Those who question or do not conform to dominant local religious tradition(s) and/or religion as such have, of course, faced serious problems and difficulties in a number of different historical periods and locations. This project examines the forms in which individuals and communities raise, in the open or in more hidden transcripts, questions over the dominant religious norms in South Asia. This project is also interested in how such people are being targeted as distinct minorities by various religious and political groups. However, the effects of these encounters extend beyond this region: a significant number of community members now seek asylum in European countries. In consequence, these countries are now debating whether, or to what extent, varieties of religious non-conformism can be legitimate reasons for granting asylum. While much recent academic work has focused on religious revivalism and reformist movements, critical engagement and sceptical attitudes towards dominant religious norms in South Asia are so far under-researched. A key aim of this study is to correct this absence and thereby to transform our understanding of the kinds of positions, individuals and communities that flourish but also, and critically, face challenges and provoke social contentions in South Asia. It will provide three national ‘deep contextualisations’ of debates and criticism faced by secularists and religious sceptics in South Asia, asking: What are the specific circumstances in which criticism targeting these communities and positions evolve? This study also investigates the assumptions that inform European countries’ responses to cases in which asylum is sought on the basis of claimants’ religious nonconformism, and also those informing advocacy work performed by global secular networks on their behalf. Thus, while this project is ethnographically grounded in South Asia, it also extends beyond this region to examine global implications of critical debates and actions that are taking place there.
Projet ERC : WHIPLASH (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Universe sciences
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1424801.0 €

Thousands of exoplanets have now been found. In the next decade, the grand challenge is to characterize their atmospheres. This is the only way to unravel the origin of the wild, unexpected diversity we have uncovered. For this task, there are several planned missions—JWST being our next best opportunity. However, to be ready for the analysis and interpretation of such high-precision observations, we need new-generation tools fit to address the multiple challenges they will raise. Indeed, until now, most atmospheric characterization observations—e.g. transit/eclipse spectroscopy—are analyzed with spherically symmetric, steady state 1D models that cannot accurately represent the very anisotropic atmospheres of most transiting exoplanets. This issue is worsened by the ubiquity of clouds, whose inhomogeneous spatial distribution—patchiness—prevents any satisfactory treatment in 1D. In this project, we will develop a new framework to constrain the physics and composition of exo-atmospheres that will allow us to overcome these difficulties when analyzing and interpreting observations. This will be done by exploiting a new 3D planetary atmosphere simulator that integrates a global climate model and a 3D Monte Carlo radiative transfer code to generate observables. Using such an innovative approach, this ERC project will thus answer the following fundamental questions: - What are the necessary conditions to sustain liquid water on terrestrial exoplanets? How can we infer observationally whether an atmosphere meeting these requirements is actually present? - Can clouds explain the puzzling features of observed hot, gaseous exoplanets? What can these observations tell us on the dynamical and microphysical properties of clouds inside these atmospheres? If we want theory to keep pace with the quality of future data, such a project is the necessary counterpart to the huge ongoing observational effort made by the community.

Mots-clés : exoplanets,planetary atmospheres,observational characterization,jwst,data analysis,habitability
Projet ERC : POLICE (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing
Entité participante : Innsbruck Medical University — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : MUI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2355000.0 €

Tight control of the number of chromosome sets in a cell (ploidy) is fundamental for normal development and organismal health. Most cells in our body are diploid, yet, some cells, including cardiomyocytes or hepatocytes require a balanced increase in ploidy for proper function. Polyploidization is accompanied by an accumulation of centrosomes, structures needed for nucleating the mitotic spindle and ciliogenesis. Extra centrosomes, however, promote aneuploidy in proliferating cells by causing errors in chromosome segregation, underlying a series of human pathologies, most notably cancer and premature ageing. How polyploidization is controlled in organogenesis and how errors in ploidy control contribute to disease is poorly understood. We recently demonstrated that the “PIDDosome” complex polices centrosome numbers in mammalian cells, alerting the tumor suppressor p53 in response to extra centrosomes. This is achieved by inactivating MDM2, the key-inhibitor of p53, by targeted proteolysis. MDM2-processing is mediated by caspase-2, a neglected member in a protease family that controls cell death and inflammation, activated in the PIDDosome. This exciting finding allows examining the consequences of deregulated ploidy and centrosome number in development and disease without interfering with p53, nor the cell fusion or cytokinesis machineries. This puts us in pole position to carry out an integrative study that aims to develop the PIDDosome as a new therapeutic target in cancer, related inflammation and in regenerative medicine. To meet this aim, we will define (i) the relevance of the PIDDosome in aneuploidy tolerance of cancer (ii) the role of the PIDDosome in controlling sterile inflammation and immunity (iii) the PIDDosome as a key-regulator of organ development and regeneration POLICE will open new lines of research at the interface of cell cycle, cell death & inflammation control and promote the PIDDosome as new target in our efforts to improve human health.

Mots-clés : caspases,ploidy,centrosomes,inflammation
Projet ERC : AQUARAMAN (Horizon 2020, appel 2016, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Physical and analytical chemical sciences
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 80900.68 €

Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) is often described as the most powerful tool for optical characterization of surfaces and their proximities. It combines the intrinsic spatial resolution of scanning probe techniques (AFM or STM) with the chemical information content of vibrational Raman spectroscopy. Capable to reveal surface heterogeneity at the nanoscale, TERS is currently playing a fundamental role in the understanding of interfacial physicochemical processes in key areas of science and technology such as chemistry, biology and material science. Unfortunately, the undeniable potential of TERS as a label-free tool for nanoscale chemical and structural characterization is, nowadays, limited to air and vacuum environments, with it failing to operate in a reliable and systematic manner in liquid. The reasons are more technical than fundamental, as what is hindering the application of TERS in water is, among other issues, the low stability of the probes and their consistency. Fields of science and technology where the presence of water/electrolyte is unavoidable, such as biology and electrochemistry, remain unexplored with this powerful technique. We propose a revolutionary approach for TERS in liquids founded on the employment of pipet-based scanning probe microscopy techniques (pb-SPM) as an alternative to AFM and STM. The use of recent but well established pb-SPM brings the opportunity to develop unprecedented pipet-based TERS probes (beyond the classic and limited metallized solid probes from AFM and STM), together with the implementation of ingenious and innovative measures to enhance tip stability, sensitivity and reliability, unattainable with the current techniques. We will be in possession of a unique nano-spectroscopy platform capable of experiments in liquids, to follow dynamic processes in-situ, addressing fundamental questions and bringing insight into interfacial phenomena spanning from materials science, physics, chemistry and biology.
Projet ERC : ENABLE (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : University of Twente — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1500000.0 €

Tissue engineering aims at the creation of living implants to replace, repair, or regenerate damaged, diseased, or aged tissues, which holds tremendous possibilities to both extend our lives and improve our quality of life. During the last decades, our ability to create small tissues to heal small animals e.g. mice and rats has taken a breath taking leap. However, we have relentlessly struggled to create viable tissues of human-relevant sizes. Creating solid large tissues imposes lethal nutrient diffusion limitations, which causes the living implant to suffer from starvation, loss of function, and inevitable failure. I hypothesize that this key challenge can be tackled by recruiting and developing advanced enabling nano- and micro-technologies. The ENABLE project begins with the design and development of a widely applicable platform that will enable large solid engineered tissues to survive and function by actively sustaining the implants metabolic needs. This platform is based on a unique two pronged strategy that rely on distinct technologies: oxygen releasing micromaterials, fabricated using a next-generation droplet generator, to enable short term survival of the implant, while embedded bioprinting will endow implants with a complex 3D vascular network to enable their long term survival. As proof of principle, the effects of ENABLE’s platform will be investigated using a critical bone defect in which I analyse the survival and function of the created living implants. The anticipated outcomes of this proposal are three fold: first, I will develop a next-generation engineered tissue that will overcome the current size restrictions via the use of enabling technologies; second, I will reveal new knowledge on the role of the oxygen tension on vascularization and tissue formation by enabling control over the in vivo oxygen tension; and third, I will develop a novel strategy that enables the treatment of critical bone defects.
Projet ERC : iPSC2Therapy (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases
Entité participante : Hannover Medical School — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : MHH
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1499100.0 €

Tissue resident macrophages (TRMs) can be found in various organs and fulfil important functions in host defence and tissue homeostasis. Recent studies in the murine system suggest profound tissue plasticity and self-renewal capacity of TRMs, rendering this cell population highly suitable for new cell-based therapies. Mycobacterial infections represent a serious health problem, for which new therapies are highly needed. Given the important role of alveolar macrophages (MΦs) in pulmonary host defence, I propose a cutting-edge MΦ based therapy using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology. The unique features of iPSC will allow to investigate important regulators for the development and regenerative potential of human MΦs with the overall aim to apply these cells as an innovative treatment for pulmonary (non)tuberculous mycobacterial infections. I go beyond current knowledge and envision to enhance or exchange the endogenous alveolar MΦ cell pool by iPSC-MΦs, thereby introducing a completely new cell therapy concept. This ground-breaking cell transfer concept will have broad application potential to combat life threatening infectious diseases of the lower respiratory tract and may even be expanded to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections. Using different knock-out iPSC lines, I will unravel important regulators for the regenerative potential of iPSC-MΦs following intra-pulmonary transfer. State-of the-art genome editing will be combined with innovative single cell RNAseq tools to understand and enhance the regenerative properties of human iPSC-MΦs. Using established cell depletion and cell transfer techniques, I will decipher the therapeutic potential of mature human iPSC-derived MΦ in vitro and in vivo using humanized mouse models and pre-clinical mycobacterial infections scenarios. The iPSC2Therapy proposal will provide an innovative anti-mycobacterial treatment with broad implications to infectious diseases and beyond.
Projet ERC : DOS (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The study of the human past
Entité participante : Geisteswissenschaftliche Zentren Berlin — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : GWZ
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 587789.1 €

Title: Domestic Servants in Colonial South Asia The ubiquity of domestic servants in contemporary South Asia has received scarce attention from historians. Servant pasts have been used instrumentally to write others’ histories. In contrast, this project centrally situates servants at the intersection of households, labour and forms of relationships. Everyday relationships between servants and masters were based upon labour and wage on the one hand and intimacy and affect on the other. The paradox of pervasive visibility of servants and their marginality in history writing is explicable once theoretical templates are laid bare. To achieve that, the project raises three key questions: 1) How did servant labour unsettle the often rigid and easy categorisation of work into ‘productive’, ‘reproductive’ and ‘unproductive’? 2) How did the multiplicity of relational axes forged around male-male, male-female and female-female affects and hierarchies question the standard accounts framed by assumptions of heterosexual interactions? 3) How did the hierarchies of social and shared worlds marked by race, class, caste, religion, rank, profession and age shape the legal, juridical and criminal bases of labour regulation? Servant histories need to move beyond the employer’s household into the realm of ghettoes, streets, bazaars, barracks, hospitals and mission houses. Two research units involving the PI and a co-applicant cover two periods of colonial history: one, the period from the early eighteenth to the mid-nineteenth; and second, from the mid-nineteenth to the twentieth century. By locating servants in the wider social, political, and moral world, the project combines empirically grounded case studies with the political economy of imperialism. It aims to develop a new understanding of labour, gender and social history, each of these in turn being rewritten, even as they lay the foundations of the first historically grounded account of domestic work in South Asia.