Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : SELECT-H (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Products and Processes Engineering
Entité participante : Université de Toulouse — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : UT
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1541154.84 €

Hydrogen is uniquely placed to achieve both energy security and net-zero greenhouse emission goals provided it can be produced by low-carbon resources and systems powered by hydrogen can be operated safely and reliably. Hydrogen can be burned to produce heat or power. It can also be used in fuel cells to produce electricity. Due to its high reactivity with oxygen, it often results in violent dynamics that raises challenges to guarantee the integrity and reliability of the systems powered by hydrogen but also their safety. The objective of SELECT-H is threefold: (1) develop fundamental knowledge on combustion science associated with the use of hydrogen in real systems, (2) develop and validate simulation tools to predict these flows and (3) develop solutions to favor the shift from technologies powered by hydrocarbon fuels to safe and reliable systems only powered by hydrogen. These objectives will be achieved in SELECT-H by combining detailed experiments, low order physics-based models and high-fidelity numerical simulations in two different sets of configurations with large societal impact. The first set considers technologies in which hydrogen must burn efficiently, including domestic boilers, cooking stoves and gas turbines for propulsion and power generation. They cover a wide range of operating conditions, fuel and oxidizer injection schemes, including laminar atmospheric cases and highly-turbulent flows at high pressure and elevated temperature where combustion dynamics can threaten the system integrity and reliability. The second set considers cases where hydrogen combustion must be avoided. Typically, hydrogen leaks from fuel cells or from high pressure storages will be considered to understand how hydrogen leaks may ignite and, if they do, how they will interact with walls. The fundamental knowledge gained in SELECT-H will allow the design of safe and reliable hydrogen-powered units.

Mots-clés : hydrogen,combustion
Projet ERC : ONCOLIPID (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Integrative B iology : from Genes and Genomes to S ystems
Entité participante : Université de Pardubice — Pays : Rép. Tchèque — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 3499413.0 €

Lipids are involved in numerous pathways of human metabolism that are related to pathological states. Alterations of lipid concentrations in the blood of cancer patients have been reported but the biological origin is still unknown. Deciphering the mechanisms of the lipid dysregulation mechanism could dramatically change oncology because it can open new avenues for cancer detection with subsequent effective treatment and drug development targeting dysregulated pathways. Early cancer diagnosis is one of the main unmet needs in medicine, which can improve the unfavorable prognosis of patients. The potential of lipidomics has not been fully explored yet, because analytical workflows have limitations in terms of accurate molar quantitation and insufficient coverage of the lipidome. Biologists predict up to 100,000 lipid species in nature, but current methods typically report less than 1% of this number. Here, we will develop novel approaches for quantitation of more than 2,000 lipids from >80 classes using 13C stable isotope labeled internal standards and ultrahigh-resolution methods in liquid or supercritical fluid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and ion mobility. The comprehensive characterization of lipidome will allow us to construct Cancer Lipidome Atlas (WP1). We will develop new Bayesian software for automated data processing and statistical evaluation applicable to the main lipidomic and metabolomic workflows (WP2). We will correlate lipidomics data with metabolomics, proteomics, and transcriptomics data to unravel why lipidomic dysregulation in blood has a similar pattern for various cancers (WP3). This strategy will be applied for the comparison of ten types of cancer with control samples in cell lines, animal models (mice and pigs), human samples (tissues and plasma), and extracellular vesicles. Our initial hypothesis is that the lower activity of CERS2 triggered by cancer cells can downregulate very long fatty acyl ceramides and other sphingolipids.

Mots-clés : cancer biomarkers lipidomic quantitation mass spectrometry chromatography
Projet ERC : InechO (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Study of the Human Past
Entité participante : Université Louis-et-Maximilien de Munich — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : LMU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2497395.0 €

What happens after international organizations (IOs) cease to exist? While IOs’ ends are occasionally discussed in political science and legal studies, we know very little about the legacy of IOs, and hence the subsequent role and impact of people, ideas, practices and objects (including buildings and budg-ets) that once filled such organizations with life and meaning. InechO hypothesizes that for a full un-derstanding of international history and questions of political governance more broadly, it is indispen-sable to consider the legacy and impact of liquidated IOs. New beginnings frequently echo the work of earlier IOs, even if existing interpretations and narratives ignore or downplay such links. Using largely neglected public and private sources as well as interviews, InechO will break new ground for interna-tional and European history by focusing on the “afterlives” of European International Organizations since the 1910s. It highlights five empirical case-studies representing the whole spectrum of possible options. Informed by and contributing to an interdisciplinary state of the art, InechO builds on an in-novative set of concepts and methods to address these issues. InechO will thus establish a new con-ceptual framework that will help research to rethink the nature of international cooperation and interna-tionalism. Its approach and its findings are also highly relevant for the analysis of other world regions and their international history and for audiences beyond academia.

Mots-clés : european history,international history
Projet ERC : SINGER (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : École polytechnique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : X
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2284998.0 €

This project aims to introduce new stochastic and deterministic models for biological and medical applications, to analyse them mathematically, to derive qualitative properties of solutions, to quantify the emergence of asymptotic regimes and to determine the limiting equations. Motivated by recent biological experiments involving single cell observations, we emphasize the effects of very small populations in various biological/medical contexts related to evolution such as emergence of leukemia and of antibiotics resistance. Our main mathematical challenge is to quantify such effects in particular on macroscopic approximations. It is our hope that this will possibly shed some light on new therapeutic strategies. In order to track individuals and to take into account small populations, we are naturally led to stochastic multiscale models while the limiting macroscopic equations should involve nonlocal nonlinear partial differential equations (PDE) with constraints and singularities. We shall investigate in particular the impact of various time scales on macroscopic approximations of a new class of birth and death processes leading to a new class of Hamilton-Jacobi (HJ) equations with constraints and singularities. Preliminary numerical simulations indicate that these models should exhibit many surprising asymptotic behaviours such as cyclic behaviours that we shall attempt to derive rigorously. We also plan to study the lineages of sampled individuals at a given observation time by determining mathematically their time reversal paths. This issue is of particular relevance when taking into account the effect of time dependent environments, in which case the survival of individuals may only be explained by a very small number of initial individuals. One long term objective consists in imagining evolutionary scenarii of resistances and better strategies for antibiotics or chemotherapy. It will be closely developed with biologists and medical biologists.

Mots-clés : mathematics for evolutionary biology measure valued birth and death processes multiscale stochastic processes hamilton jacobi equations ancestral lineages time reversed trajectories environmental impacts mathematics for leukemic mutant invasion law of diagnosis hitting times growth fragmentation models modeling of bacterial response to antibiotics
Projet ERC : SYMBEK (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Environmental B iology, Ecology  and E volution
Entité participante : Centre national de la recherche scientifique — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNRS
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2500000.0 €

Recent advances in environmental microbiology, metagenomics and phylogenomics strongly suggest that the eukaryotic cell evolved from symbiotic consortia involving an Asgard archaeon and, at least, the alphaproteobacterial ancestor of the mitochondrion. However, many genes of prokaryotic origin in the last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA) appear to originate neither from archaea nor alphaproteobacteria, suggesting that other bacteria (e.g. Deltaproteobacteria) may have contributed to eukaryogenesis as additional symbionts or gene donors. To ascertain the origin of these genes, it is essential to better understand the ecology of symbiotic microbial consortia involving Asgard archaea (AA), and in particular, to identify the partners with which they interact in natural ecosystems. In this project, I will combine metagenomics, phylogenomics, fluorescence-activated single-cell/consortium sorting, high-throughput microfluidics, state-of-the-art fluorescence and electron microscopy techniques and cultivation approaches to identify and characterize members of AA syntrophic consortia and their associated viruses in a broad variety of microbial mats and oxygen-poor environments. With this information, I aim to i) identify the partners of AA syntrophic consortia across ecosystems, determine whether they co-evolve and unravel their ecological preferences; ii) characterize the metabolic interactions and phenotypic properties of AA symbiotic consortia in culture and/or from sorted consortia populations; iii) characterize the cell ultrastructure and potential presence of endomembranes in members of AA consortia, their three-dimensional organization and their spatial distribution in microbial mats; and iv) identify potential bacterial symbiotic partners involved in eukaryogenesis, in addition to the mitochondrial alphaproteobacterial ancestor, and/or gene donors to the LECA or its Asgard archaeal ancestor. Our results should substantially advance understanding of eukaryogenesis.

Mots-clés : eukaryogenesis,symbiosis,asgard archaea,deltaproteobacteria,alphaproteobacteria,mitochondria,horizontal gene transfer,metagenomics,phylogenomics
Projet ERC : SoundAct (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : The Human Mind and Its Compl exity
Entité participante : Université Louis-et-Maximilien de Munich — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : LMU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2468550.0 €

In William Shakespeare's times, 'knee' and 'knot' were pronounced with a /k/, just like German does today. But why did English and not German drop the /k/? This question is part of the actuation of sound change, recognised as one of the greatest challenges in linguistics, and which is about explaining why sound change happens, and why languages can follow such different paths of sound change. The actuation puzzle remains unsolved principally because the beginning of sound change is so gradual that it is undetectable even with modern instrumentation. Yet a breakthrough is essential for explaining why languages split and diversify. The project remedies this deficiency by determining how the cognitive mechanisms that control human speech processing, the social factors that bind individuals together, and the phonetic properties that shape a community's dialect, can, in combination, cause the sounds of the world’s languages to become unstable and change. The methodological innovation is to recast the elusive actuation puzzle as an empirically tractable transformation of an input (A) into an output (B). Here A and B are two closely related, geographically proximal, living dialects whose sound patterns differ in whether one or more common sound changes have taken place. The actuation puzzle is then solved with experiments in human speech imitation and computational modelling in order to estimate which combination of cognitive, social, and phonetic factors transforms A into B. Generalisation is achieved by selecting dialect pairs from Bantu, Indo-European, and Japanese languages that differ markedly in their sound patterns and sociocultural background. The wider scientific impact lies in the commonality with many disciplines including ecology, economics, and geoscience in understanding complex systems (here: language) in which interactions between sub-components (here: communicating speakers) cause transitions (here: sound change) that are unevenly distributed in time.

Mots-clés : human speech processing speech sciences phonetics sound change agent based modelling
Projet ERC : CHROMSEG (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Molecules of Life: B iological  Mechanisms , Structures  and Functions
Entité participante : Université Louis-et-Maximilien de Munich — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : LMU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1691238.75 €

Accurate chromosome segregation during cell division requires bipolar attachment of sister-chromatids to microtubules emanating from opposite spindle poles and maintenance of sister-chromatid cohesion until all chromosomes achieve bi-orientation. Two chromosomal sites regulate these processes: centromeres, the microtubule attachment sites defined by the enrichment of CENP-A nucleosomes, and the inner centromere, a region between the sister-chromatids that recruits enzymatic activities (kinases, phosphatases and motor proteins). The inner centromere associated enzymes selectively stabilise chromosome-microtubule attachments suitable for chromosome bi-orientation, control sister chromatid cohesion and achieve timely chromosome segregation. Errors in these processes can lead to aneuploidy, a numerical chromosomal aberration implicated in miscarriages, birth defects and cancers. Using an integrative structure-function approach (X-ray crystallography, cryo electron microscopy, Crosslinking/Mass Spectrometry, biochemical/biophysical methods with human cell-line based functional assays), we will obtain detailed mechanistic understanding of: (1) how the inner centromere is assembled, (2) how the inner centromere associated interaction network recruits regulators to achieve chromosome bi-orientation and accurate segregation, and (3) how centromere identity is maintained through multiple generations. This work builds on our recently obtained exciting structural/molecular knowledge that have led to unexpected insights and new questions and will exploit our recently generated battery of molecular reagents. Outcome of our work will provide unprecedented details of centromere-mediated control of chromosome segregation and allow us to build a comprehensive mechanistic model for error-free chromosome segregation, a process that has been fascinating researchers for more than a century.

Mots-clés : chromosome segregation,cell division,centromere,kinetochore,nucleosomes,cenp a,kinases,phosphatase,histone phosphorylation,cryoem,x ray crystallography,biochemistry,structural biology,epigenetic
Projet ERC : BEST (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Texts and Concepts
Entité participante : Université Louis-et-Maximilien de Munich — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : LMU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2499809.0 €

Modern scholarship follows emic accounts in situating the origins of Tibetan Buddhism squarely in India, tacitly accepting Tibet’s claim to be heir to the orthodox tradi-tion. This oversimplifies the complex history of Buddhism’s two transmissions to Tibet, in the 7th and 11th centuries, elid-ing the formative early contributions of Sinitic sources, principally imparted from the Silk Road oasis of Dunhuang, a crucial locus of interaction between Tibetan and Chinese cultures in the 8th-11th centuries. Manuscripts preserved in the Dunhuang caves evidence this Sino-Tibetan nexus in native compositions and translations from Chinese into Tibetan. Efforts to trace Chinese and Sino-Tibetan influences on the formation of Tibetan Buddhism have been largely impressionistic, but state-of-the-art tools such as Handwritten Text Recognition to digitize manuscripts allow their systematic analysis, and others permit us to identify “fingerprints” of Tibetan translations from Chinese. BEST will locate scriptures and other materials of Sinitic origin, and trace their impact on Tibetan Buddhism. Starting with an examination of the reasons for the prominence of Dunhuang, we will uncover the conditions permitting the site to become such a multicultural center, cradle to a high level of Buddhist scholarship. Identifying Sinitic sources introduced into Tibet in the early period, we will probe their later importance, challenging the tradition's polemical historiography which represses such recognition. We will produce a historical study addressing the background of Dunhuang's scholastic Buddhist culture, studies of individual Tibetan translations from Chinese, linguistic studies of the Chinese-Tibetan lexical interface, studies on the most prominent Dunhuang monk-translator, Chos grub, investigations of later Tibetan historiographical works, and a database of Tibetan Dunhuang manuscripts, all contributing to a fundamental revaluation of formative influences on early Tibetan Buddhism.

Mots-clés : buddhism,tibet,dunhuang,sino tibetan contact
Projet ERC : CRISPOL (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : Université Louis-et-Maximilien de Munich — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : LMU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1907837.5 €

CRISPOL analyzes the systemic impact of crises on democratic policy-making. The fact that crises have turned into ordinary rather than exceptional phenomena in modern democracies may not only erode trust in government. Crises also spawn additional crises. Because crisis responses absorb governmental attention, problems in policy areas not affected by crises might be neglected. This can in turn lead to the escalation of neglected issues into full-blown crises, thus increasing the burden on governments to manage an ever-growing number of crises. Crises might thus trigger a vicious cycle that un-dermines democratic legitimacy. It is the central objective of CRISPOL to study systemic trade-offs in policy change across sectors re-sulting from crisis events both theoretically and empirically.  (1) CRISPOL maps crises across policy areas, countries and over time. It provides an encompassing long-term mapping of crisis events across different policy sectors and countries. The project captures all crisis events across six policy areas for 23 OECD countries over a period of 50 years. (2) CRISPOL analyzes cross-sectoral trade-offs in crisis-induced dynamics of policy change. Can we observe crowding-out effects, with radical departures of the status quo in ‘crisis-proximate’ areas com-ing at the expense of policy inertia in more ‘crisis-remote’ ones? (3) CRISPOL analyzes cross-temporal trade-offs in change dynamics: Are neglected policy sectors catching up when the crisis is over; i.e., is policy inertia during crisis times offset by more dynamic change in post-crisis-periods? Or do crises have enduring consequences for change dynamics in crisis-remote sectors? (4) CRISPOL investigates whether cross-sectoral and cross-temporal trade-offs vary across countries. Do certain countries possess a greater capacity to handle crises while simultaneously addressing other policy areas, and which factors contribute to this ability?

Mots-clés : public policy,policy change,crises
Projet ERC : SPARK (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing
Entité participante : Leiden University Medical Center — Pays : Pays-Bas — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : LUMC
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2500000.0 €

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health concern, and the limited treatment options for end-stage kidney disease have remained unchanged for decades. Concurrent insults to the kidney can exacerbate disease progression, but the underlying potential to have kidney repair after such injury remains poorly understood. The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, a fundamental metabolic pathway, plays a vital role in energy production and biomolecule synthesis. Recent research by my group has revealed that failed repair and subsequent fibrosis in kidney epithelial cells are linked to anaplerotic failure in the TCA cycle, resulting in the inability to maintain sufficient levels of TCA intermediates. These metabolites regulate chromatin remodeling and cell signaling pathways, influencing cell fate decisions. SPARK aims to investigate the impact of perturbed cell metabolism and metabolic crosstalk within kidney microenvironments on cell fate decisions during injury and repair. The project will map the metabolic, proteomic, and transcriptomic interactome at an unprecedented resolution, focusing on the kidney tissue microenvironment. By integrating spatial multi-omics data, exometabolite interactome analysis, and human kidney biopsies, actionable targets will be identified. In vivo studies using reporter mice and ex vivo preserved human kidneys will validate the metabolic effects of the selected targets. This research will provide insights into how the metabolic interactome governs repair through epigenetic modulations in the kidney and establish a paradigm for studying tissue homeostasis in various contexts.

Mots-clés : kidney disease,cell metabolism,cell fate decision,spatial metabolomics