Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : aCleanBrain (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Mathematics
Entité participante : Simula Research Laboratory — Pays : Norvège — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2493750.0 €

Scientific breakthroughs in neuroscience explain the need for sleep and the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases in terms of fluid dynamics: the waste created during the day is cleared away as we sleep or it accumulates. However, a decade of research after the original theory was posed has revealed that the underlying physical mechanisms are still not understood and that the advanced mathematical tools are needed. In this project we propose a research program addressing 1) new fluid dynamics mechanisms, 2) novel numerical analysis for advanced multi-physics brain simulations, and 3) a framework for patient-specific simulations. We will exploit reduced order and machine learning methods in addition to finite element solutions. With successful delivery, the "aCleanBrain" will establish the main drivers of brain fluid dynamics, provide a foundation for accurate, efficient and robust algorithms for multi-physics problems and develop a software framework for advanced biomechanical brain simulations.

Mots-clés : multilevel,multi physics,preconditioning,glymphatic system,computational physiology,biomechanics
Projet ERC : DOC-PAST (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth System Science
Entité participante : Institut de recherche pour le développement — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : IRD
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 65858.0 €

Atmospheric chemistry is an essential component of the functioning of the Earth's climate. It determines the atmospheric lifetime of most climatic agents, impacting the nature and concentrations of aerosols, greenhouse gases, cloud formations. Determining how this chemical reactivity has evolved in the past is essential, both for evaluating chemistry-climate models (CCM) and for establishing future climate trajectories. The chemical activity of the atmosphere is driven by highly reactive atmospheric compounds that have a very short lifetime in the atmosphere. Because of this ephemeral nature, they are not archived in the paleoclimate record. Reconstructing this chemical activity over time remains a difficult exercise that has not been successful to date. Using ice cores, the multidisciplinary DOC-PAST project proposes to develop new tracers of this chemical activity by taking advantage of the revolution introduced by clumps and isotopic anomalies. The aim is to use a variety of ice cores covering all latitudes to highlight key elements of the chemical reactivity of the atmosphere. This will be done by 1-determining in the laboratory the isotopic characteristics of key oxidation reactions of atmospheric of compounds preserved in the ice, 2-documenting in the ice archives these isotopic compositions and deducing the associated chemical reactivity of the atmosphere 3-incorporating in the CCM LMDz-INCA these changes and measuring their impacts on climate. These new isotopic proxies will require the development of new analytical approaches based on the retargeting of an orbitrap towards isotopic measurements and the construction of a very high sensitivity infrared spectrometer, paving the way for the use of clumped isotope in broad disciplinary fields using stable isotopes. DOC-PAST will provide for the first time in situ “chirurgical-level” of how atmospheric species are made with unparalleled mechanistic details and set new standards in geochemistry and spectroscopy.

Mots-clés : mass spectrometry,infrared spectroscopy,ice cores,clumped isotope,nitrate,sulfate,carbon monoxide
Projet ERC : SeaLi2Bio (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Earth System Science
Entité participante : Sorbonne Université — Pays : France — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : Sorbonne U
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1844375.0 €

Lithium (Li) is key in the energy transition and massively used to produce mobile devices and electrical vehicles. Yet its current consumption rate exceeds its river flux to the ocean, and it is poorly recycled, while Li excess is toxic for aquatic life and humans. Although concentrations of Li and its isotopes have been measured in coastal waters, at river outlets, to study continental chemical weathering and climate controls, Li monitoring has been occasional. Moreover, bias caused by anthropogenic inputs is not quantified. Combining a novel isotopic methodology with ecotoxicology and biology approaches, SeaLi2Bio will first determine and understand the littoral Li contamination sources, flux and controls, and quantify its current contribution to the Li cycle. Plankton, macroalgae and bivalves will act as long-term bioindicators at reference sites located along urbanisation gradients. The biological controls of Li isotopes will be determined by aquaculture of model organisms, over a range of representative environmental and metabolic conditions, and confronted to in situ measurements. Upscaling from regional to global scale will be achieved with a multivariate statistical model accounting for geospatial data on watershed characteristics, population density and socioeconomic parameters. This project will also anticipate future environmental and health issues caused by Li contamination, focusing on the North Chile coast where Li levels are known as the highest, and using innovative health-monitoring tools (Cu-Zn isotopes). Finally, the evolution of Li contamination will be simulated at the continental and global scale, following scenarios of energy transition impacting differently Li demand and waste. By disentangling the factors of Li contamination from the natural background, SeaLi2Bio will assemble a first robust reference for a global issue tied to the history of climate and its future evolution in response to reduction of fossil fuels use.

Mots-clés : non conventional isotopes,trace metals,environment
Projet ERC : TROJAN-Cell (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Integrative B iology : from Genes and Genomes to S ystems
Entité participante : Institut Weizmann — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : WIS
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2500000.0 €

Single-cell genomic technologies have transformed many fields of research. We here seek to do just that in synthetic-immunology and immunotherapy. At present, our understanding of the complex crosstalk within the tumor microenvironment (TME) is still piecemeal, as is our ability to effectively engineer the immune system to attack tumor cells in spite of the robust immune-suppression signaling of the tumor. In line, current immunotherapies are effective only in a small subset of tumor types and patients, emphasizing the dire need to better understand immune-suppressive mechanisms within the TME and develop new immunotherapy strategies. What if we could develop technologies that reprogram the immune system to suit our therapeutic needs? In TROJAN-Cell, we will do so by first uncovering fundamental principles of the immune-tumor niche using advanced single-cell multiomics tools and modelling approaches. This will then serve to develop TROJAN-Cell—a novel synthetic immunology technology for engineering circuits capable of sensing inhibitory-immune signals and generating a proportional self-regulated immune-activation response—thus using the tumor’s own pro-cancer signaling to eradicate it. In Obj.1, we will dissect the principles of the inhibitory crosstalk and signaling in the TME of diverse human tumors using our single-cell technologies PIC-seq and INs-seq. In Obj.2, we will screen and develop mice tumor models that recapitulate the human TME, which we will use to define the function of factors/circuits of interest. In Obj.3, we will develop TROJAN-Cell, a novel toolset for transforming tumor inhibitory signals into potent, highly specific anti-tumor immunity. Our research will greatly expand our understanding of the immune-inhibitory crosstalk in the TME and give rise to novel immune engineering approaches and molecules, which may serve as the next generation of cancer immunotherapies.

Mots-clés : single cell genomics system immunology immunotherapy
Projet ERC : MoireMultiProbe (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Condensed Matter Physics
Entité participante : Institut Weizmann — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : WIS
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 3018750.0 €

Moiré materials are a treasure of mind-blowing scope of phenomena, much of which is still to be discovered. Along with the great opportunities, perplexing experimental and theoretical challenges arise due to numerous degrees of freedom, strong interactions, instabilities, broad tunability, and high sensitivity to exact global and local parameters like twist angles, strain, alignment, screening, and disorder. As a result, each moiré device is a mini-universe with its own laws of physics, which cannot be fully unveiled without exploring and cross-correlating a multitude of its microscopic characteristics – an almost formidable task. The goal of this project is to develop a multi-modality nanoscale scanning probe that can image a wide variety of physical properties with record sensitivity on a single sample, including currents, potentials, compressibility, magnetization, Berry curvature, topological invariants, superfluid density, temperature, thermal conductivity, dissipation, work, and noise. This powerful tool, based on a hybrid superconducting quantum interference device on a tip, will then be applied to study moiré quantum matter over a broad range of variable parameters, including temperatures down to mK range, vector magnetic fields, carrier densities, displacement fields, and response to local potential perturbations. We will focus on moiré materials beyond the magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene, including multilayer and hybrid twisted van der Waals structures, which offer a fertile platform for realizing novel states of matter. We will address key open questions and provide nanoscale visualization and comprehension of the mechanisms governing the topology, Berry curvature, orbital magnetism, superconducting order parameter, topological magnetic textures, heat and charge transport, dissipation, and noise. This research will provide groundbreaking insight into the complexity and the beauty of the emergent multi-facet physics flourishing in moiré materials.

Mots-clés : moir materials,2d materials,van der waals materials,twistronics,graphene,magic angle graphene,tmd,topology,berry curvature,orbital magnetism,skyrmions,topological insulators,chern insulators,quantum anomalous hall effect,superconductivity,squid,squid on tip,scanning probe microscopy,magnetic imaging,thermal imaging
Projet ERC : GrowthSINE (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System
Entité participante : Institut Weizmann — Pays : Israël — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : WIS
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2500000.0 €

Neurons are the longest cells, extending axons over distances that can reach four orders of magnitude larger than their cell body diameters. How can they achieve such long distance growth? After initial engagement with target cells, neurons undergo stretch-induced elongation as the nervous system matures with the growth of the organism. The molecular mechanisms enabling such prodigious growth are unknown. Based on strong preliminary evidence, we tested the hypothesis that both the initial elongating and later stretch-induced axon growth act via a shared RNA localization mechanism.  Very strikingly, we identified a specific subset of polyadenylated repeat element RNAs, hereby termed growth-inducing SINEs (GI-SINEs), as key growth regulators. GI-SINEs are induced from AP-1 promoter-associated extragenic loci, and interact with ribosomal proteins and the axon growth regulating RNA binding protein nucleolin, in neuronal cytoplasm. We will elucidate how this intrinsic mechanism controls neuron growth, determining (1) how known elongating growth regulators affect stretch-induced growth; (2) how local and global protein synthesis regulate neuron growth control; and (3) how growth regulates the GI-SINEs and how they regulate different growth modalities.  We will apply a multidisciplinary suite of techniques and approaches to these challenges, including a new technology for characterization of nascent proteomes developed in-house. The proposed project will provide ground-breaking and fundamental mechanistic insights on neuronal growth, and will establish novel methods that will be widely applicable. Moreover, establishing that a repeat element RNA is an intrinsic effector linking AP-1 transcription to translation regulation is a breakthrough finding that opens new horizons for cell biology and neuroscience.

Mots-clés : axon growth,axonal transport,rna localization,local translation,neuronal length sensing
Projet ERC : SCLIT (Horizon Europe, appel 2023, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Systems and Communication Engineering
Entité participante : Université de Cambridge — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 976603.75 €

Shannon’s 1948 paper established the mathematical foundations of digital compression and transmission and paved the way for the information age. A notion embedded in Shannon’s and most work in Information Theory is the concept of rate, defined as the exponential growth rate of the number of messages. The probabilistic law governing general information processing systems may be such that the optimal number of messages does not scale exponentially with the length of the sequences. The vast majority of the Information Theory literature assumes an exponential number of messages and thus, ignores the rich amount of possible scaling functions in important settings. When the system probability law is such that the optimal rate scaling is not exponential, standard techniques cannot be applied and new techniques must be sought. A fundamental understanding of the impact of general scaling laws is crucial to harvesting the potential gains in practical system design. This project is aimed at contributing towards the ambitious goal of providing a unified framework for the study of Information Theory with arbitrary scaling laws. The unified framework will be based on information spectrum and concentration techniques will also consider the penalties incurred by sub-optimal decoding for systems described by general probabilistic laws. The project will also provide coding solutions that approach the theoretical limits. This unconventional and challenging treatment of Information Theory will advance the area and will contribute to Information Sciences and Systems disciplines where Information Theory is relevant. A comprehensive study of the fundamental limits and optimal code design with general scaling laws will represent a major step forward in the field, with the potential to provide new tools and techniques to solve open problems in close disciplines.

Mots-clés : information theory,data transmission,digital communications,coding theory,data compression
Projet ERC : DCS (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Individuals, Markets and Organisations
Entité participante : Libera Università Internazionale degli Studi Sociali — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1447893.0 €

A main challenge for modern macroeconomics is to understand the consequences of the sizeable heterogeneity across households and firms, a feature ignored by textbook representative-agent models. Important questions arise on the role that such heterogeneity plays in the workings of the economy and its ability to respond to shocks in the presence of frictions and lumpy behavior (infrequent large adjustments), as is the case for durable purchases, technology adoption, portfolio adjustments, investment and price re-setting. We develop new methods to characterize the equilibrium dynamics of rich distributions, for a rigorous understanding of the forces that impinge on the aggregate economic behavior in the presence of realistic heterogeneity. We apply the methods to two set of macroeconomic problems.  First, mapping models to data and the economy’s response to shocks. For a broad class of models with lumpy behavior we analyze aggregation and develop methods to identify and quantify the fundamental frictions the agents face. The methods will be used to characterize the economy's response to aggregate shocks and identify the cross section features that matter (and those that do not) in shaping the aggregate response. Applications concern investment, labor and housing markets, inequality and growth, and new-keynesian models.  Second, a rigorous analysis of dynamic strategic complementarities and network effects. The dependence of one agent's decision on what other agents do is key in modelling aggregate dynamics and relevant in reality. For instance, a firm may be slow to react to a shock because other firms have not yet reacted. To date there are no results to guide us in the analysis of such complementarities in dynamic models with heterogeneity. Several applications, including the amplification of monetary nonneutrality, and the dynamic network effects of introducing e.g. central bank digital currency, will be explored.

Mots-clés : heterogeneity,equilibrium dynamics,inflation,unemployment,mean field games
Projet ERC : TheGAME (Horizon Europe, appel 2021, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Human Mobility, Environment, and Space
Entité participante : Université de Bologne — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2473760.0 €

The Balkan Route is the most important overland informal migration corridor in Europe, taken by thousands of refugees every year. Linking Greece to Western Europe across Bulgaria, Romania, Albania, North Macedonia, Kosovo, Montenegro, Serbia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Slovenia, and Croatia, the Route is a complex geography of formal and informal, visible and ‘invisible’ sites; an assemblage of diverse actors, camps, borders, violence, solidarity, and a multiplicity of micro-routes, constantly adapting and shifting. Across and between these interconnected spatialities, refugees forge their trajectories towards Europe through ‘The Game,’ the term they use to refer to clandestine journeys. Along the Route, an archipelago of makeshift camps has emerged, hosting thousands of refugees as they repeatedly attempt to enter Europe. Key in producing and sustaining The Game, these sites serve as temporary shelters, nodes of services and information, where refugees meet smugglers, wait, and plan the next move. To understand how informal migration corridors work TheGAME aims to: (1) theorize makeshift camps as distinct spatialities with a unique social and political life; (2) investigate the Route’s archipelago of makeshift camp as an inter-connected, corridor-forming counter-geography; (3) produce an archive-in-progress documenting refugee experiences of a corridor endlessly re-invented across space and time; (4) employ counter-mapping as a methodology capable of critically understanding how the Balkan Route functions and propose a novel and replicable approach to studying informal migration corridors globally. TheGAME is the first transnational, multi-sited, multi-temporal, extensive ethnographic research on an entire informal migration corridor, a ground-breaking project with the potential to disrupt how we understand refugee informal mobilities and camps, generate cutting-edge academic work and shape new directions for Camp Studies and Political Geography.

Mots-clés : camp geographies informal refugee mobility migration corridors makeshift spatialities counter mapping
Projet ERC : ARCHIATER (Horizon Europe, appel 2022, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Texts and Concepts
Entité participante : IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca — Pays : Italie — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 105709.41 €

After the Black Death of 1348, hospitals were newly designed to face social disease, further plague’s waves, and new illnesses, e.g. syphilis. Social distancing (like recently with an unknown virus) was the main method to avoid all kinds of contagion. New spatial and safety concepts were developed to care and confine the sick and the poor in structures enhancing the visibility of political or religious agendas. While wars and early globalization contributed to spreading pandemics, charitable bodies exploited their roles to gather capital, which they reinvested in art. Despite an extensive scholarship on hospitals as social institutions, the question of why art and architecture were so vital for hospitals remains open. ARCHIATER tackles this gap, focusing on three objectives: 1) To map hospital visual cultures, agencies and imaginations in European cities before 1750 along terrestrial and maritime routes and according to hospital typology and networks. 2) To analyse the spaces, forms, themes and designs of hospital art and architecture as liminal mediators to manage disease and contagion as well as life passages, healing, death, and salvation. 3) To reconstruct transitions and changing values of hospital materiality and develop ways of ‘curating’ the impressive heritage of premodern hospitals. Bringing together art, architecture, history, and curatorial studies, the project looks at these relations in comparative and interconnected ways. It combines geographical and micro-historical investigations, object-based analysis, and a new conceptual questioning on the ‘liminality’ of hospital art and architecture as mediators between spaces, actors, and intentions in the ‘monumentalization’ of disease, which characterizes historical cityscapes. Addressing these issues will reveal, not only why so many artworks in our museums come from hospital contexts, but also how visible artefacts can contribute to the well-being of a society faced with invisible threats.

Mots-clés : visual culture early modern history comparative and transnational histories history of medicine liminality archives confraternities and social institutions