Data-Gouv-ML/pcri-erc-participations-et-projets-laureats huggingface dataset:
Projet ERC : Intimacy (Horizon 2020, appel 2014, Starting grants)
Domaine scientifique : Social Sciences and Humanities
Panel : Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems
Entité participante : University of London — Pays : Royaume-Uni — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : U. London
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1487500.0 €

Families in Western countries have received a great deal of attention from social scientists but there is less information on family life in other regions of the world. Given its growing rapidly in global influence, China represents a crucial region for sociological advancement and understanding. There have been profound changes in the Chinese family over the last century as a result of industrialization, urbanization, the influence of the West and the political interventions carried out by the Communist Party since 1949. Existing scholarship has shown how the structure and function of Chinese families have adapted to changing political and economic circumstances but little is known about the changes in intimate spheres of Chinese families. This project will approach the subject of modern Chinese family life from an unconventional angle, analysing it as a process of practices and experiences. By setting a new agenda that moves from structures of family relationships to the quality of relationships and through examining ‘doing intimacy’, this project will take a closer, fresher, critical look at the Chinese family dynamics as they are lived. Informed by the emerging literature on gender, intimacy and modernity, this project will examine intergenerational relations as well as gender and sexual relations in the family. Is there an intimate revolution taking place? How is ‘modernity’/’tradition’ closely linked with practices of intimacy? To what extent can doing intimacy be a site of empowerment/domination for women? What will the study of Chinese families tell us about agency and local/global change? Through a multi-sited ethnography (mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan), this study will also compare practices of intimacy in various sites and examine whether/how they are by-products of particular socio-cultural configurations. It will identify the extent to which changes in Chinese families mirror changes in the West and the factors that contribute to these changes.
Projet ERC : BREEDIT (Horizon 2020, appel 2018, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering
Entité participante : Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie — Pays : Belgique — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : VIB
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2474790.0 €

Feeding the growing world population under changing climate conditions poses an unprecedented challenge on global agriculture and our current pace to breed new high yielding crop varieties is too low to face the imminent threats on food security. This ERC project proposes a novel crossing scheme that allows for an expeditious evaluation of combinations of potential yield contributing alleles by unifying ‘classical’ breeding with gene-centric molecular biology. The acronym BREEDIT, a word fusion of breeding and editing, reflects the basic concept of combining breeding with multiplex genome editing of yield related genes. By introducing plants with distinct combinations of genome edited mutations in more than 80 known yield related genes into a crossing scheme, the combinatorial effect of these mutations on plant growth and yield will be evaluated. Subsequent rounds of crossings will increase the number of stacked gene-edits per plant, thus increasing the combinatorial complexity. Phenotypic evaluations throughout plant development will be done on our in-house automated image-analysis based phenotyping platform. The nature and frequency of Cas9-mediated mutations in the entire plant collection will be characterised by multiplex amplicon sequencing to follow the efficiency of CRISPR-cas9 genome editing and to identify the underlying combinations of genes that cause beneficial phenotypes (genetic gain). The obtained knowledge on yield regulatory networks can be directly implemented into current molecular breeding programs and the project will provide the basis to develop targeted breeding schemes implementing the optimal combinations of beneficial alleles into elite material. BREEDIT will be a major step forward in integrating basic knowledge on genes with plant breeding and has the potential to provoke a paradigm shift in improving crop yield.

Mots-clés : plant breeding,genome editing,yield genes,maize
Projet ERC : DISPLAYGHT (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Proof of concept grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Systems and communication engineering
Entité participante : National Research Council — Pays : Italie — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CNR
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 90000.0 €

Femtosecond laser micromachining is a powerful microfabrication technology for transparent materials. It allows direct writing of photonic circuit in the volume of glasses with arbitrary geometry and 3D layouts. In addition, the same tool can be used to selectively remove specific portions of the substrate, thus allowing complex and ultraprecise microstructuring of a piece of glass. In the ERC Advanced Grant CAPABLE, femtosecond laser micromachining is developed to unprecedented levels of control and precision to produce new devices targeting quantum information applications. Here, we exploit the capability of this technology to produce integrated photonic components in standard glasses to develop innovative solutions for liquid crystal displays. This approach could enable a far higher energy efficiency than current displays combined with excellent color reproduction and improved contrast. The goal of this PoC is to perform a technical and commercial feasibility study to move the method developed in the PI’s laboratory during the ERC grant to the market. In particular, we plan to speed up the maturity level of the technology further, improving the production process of integrated optics, setting an actionable IPR strategy (including a market assessment), identifying the suitable exploitation strategy for valorising the patent/know how (licensing). The above actions will be performed in collaboration with the partner VitreaLab, a startup company that is devoted to commercializing new integrated illumination solutions. The results of this project could have a significant impact in the liquid crystal display market that is worth ca. $100 billion annually.

Mots-clés : femtosecond laser micromachining,displays,3d laser writing,transparent materials
Projet ERC : DISPLAYGHT (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Proof of concept grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Systems and communication engineering
Entité participante : VitreaLab (Austria) — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : Partner
Type d'entité : Organismes privés (hors enseignement)
Financement ERC de l'entité : 60000.0 €

Femtosecond laser micromachining is a powerful microfabrication technology for transparent materials. It allows direct writing of photonic circuit in the volume of glasses with arbitrary geometry and 3D layouts. In addition, the same tool can be used to selectively remove specific portions of the substrate, thus allowing complex and ultraprecise microstructuring of a piece of glass. In the ERC Advanced Grant CAPABLE, femtosecond laser micromachining is developed to unprecedented levels of control and precision to produce new devices targeting quantum information applications. Here, we exploit the capability of this technology to produce integrated photonic components in standard glasses to develop innovative solutions for liquid crystal displays. This approach could enable a far higher energy efficiency than current displays combined with excellent color reproduction and improved contrast. The goal of this PoC is to perform a technical and commercial feasibility study to move the method developed in the PI’s laboratory during the ERC grant to the market. In particular, we plan to speed up the maturity level of the technology further, improving the production process of integrated optics, setting an actionable IPR strategy (including a market assessment), identifying the suitable exploitation strategy for valorising the patent/know how (licensing). The above actions will be performed in collaboration with the partner VitreaLab, a startup company that is devoted to commercializing new integrated illumination solutions. The results of this project could have a significant impact in the liquid crystal display market that is worth ca. $100 billion annually.

Mots-clés : femtosecond laser micromachining,displays,3d laser writing,transparent materials
Projet ERC : ExCoMet (Horizon 2020, appel 2015, Advanced grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Fundamental constituents of matter
Entité participante : Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives — Pays : France — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : CEA
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 2000000.0 €

Femtosecond lasers can now provide intensities such that the light field induces relativistic motion of large ensembles of electrons. The ultimate goal of this Ultra-High Intensity (UHI) Physics is the control of relativistic motion of matter with light, which requires a deep understanding of this extreme regime of laser-matter interaction. Such a control holds the promise of major scientific and societal applications, by providing ultra-compact laser-driven particle accelerators and attosecond X-ray sources. Until now, advances in UHI Physics have relied on a quest for the highest laser intensities, pursued by focusing optimally-compressed laser pulses to their diffraction limit. In contrast, the goal of the ExCoMet project is to establish a new paradigm, by demonstrating the potential of driving UHI laser plasma-interactions with sophisticated structured laser beams–i.e. beams whose amplitude, phase or polarization are shaped in space-time. Based on this new paradigm, we will show that unprecedented experimental insight can be gained on UHI laser-matter interactions. For instance, by using laser fields whose propagation direction rotates on a femtosecond time scale, we will temporally resolve the synchrotron emission of laser-driven relativistic electrons in plasmas, and thus gather direct information on their dynamics. We will also show that such structured laser fields can be exploited to introduce new physics in UHI experiments, and can provide advanced degrees of control that will be essential for future light and particles sources based on these interactions. Using Laguerre-Gauss beams, we will in particular investigate the transfer of orbital angular momentum from UHI lasers to plasmas, and its consequences on the physics and performances of laser-plasma accelerators. This project thus aims at bringing conceptual breakthroughs in UHI physics, at a time where major projects relying on this physics are being launched, in particular in Europe.

Mots-clés : ultrahigh intensity physics,ultraintense femtosecond lasers,ultrashort laser plasma interactions,ultrafast optics,attosecond science,laser driven particle acceleration
Projet ERC : FERALGEN (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Life Science
Panel : Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution
Entité participante : Linköping University — Pays : Suède — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : LiU
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 1989590.0 €

Feralisation is a complex process that occurs when a domestic population is returned to the wild. It impacts species invasion biology, speciation, conservation and hybridisation and can be thought of as the reverse of domestication. Domestication has been an area of intense interest and study ever since Darwin, and useful as a model for evolution and the effects of strong directional selection. This project will identify underlying genes and mechanisms of trade-offs and adaptations surrounding feralisation, by integrating population genetics, genome-wide association and functional genomics in a parallel (previously developed/established) feral and laboratory chicken system. Despite domestication being used to identify genes affecting a large number of traits that change with selection, almost nothing is known about the genomic changes associated with feralisation. The process of feralisation involves the sudden return of both natural and sexual selection; such forces influencing predatory, foraging and mate choice decisions, exerting strong effects on a once domesticated, now feral, population. As such, feralisation provides a unique opportunity to observe the genomic response to selection from a known (domesticated) standpoint, and identify the genes underlying these selective targets. The combination of feralisation with domestication provides a powerful tool to address a multitude of important questions currently predominating the field of biology. How do gene polymorphisms affect small-scale quantitative variation, particularly in wild population? How does the genome respond to selection, and how can (cryptic) variation be maintained and increased in the face of this selection? What mechanisms underlie gene and organismal trait variation. Feralisation combines the advantages of analysis conducted on natural populations (with the relevance to evolutionary theory and population genetics), with the genetic and genomic resources available to domestic animals.

Mots-clés : feralisation,domestication,genomics,gwas,eqtl,reverse evolution
Projet ERC : HistoGenes (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Synergy grants)
Entité participante : University of Vienna — Pays : Autriche — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : Univie
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 731162.5 €

Few parts of Europe witnessed so many population shifts in a few centuries as the Carpathian Basin in 400-900 CE. In this macro-region along the middle Danube, Pannonians, Romans, Goths, Gepids, Longobards, Avars, Bulgars, Slavs, Franks and many others came and went. This is an intriguing test case for the relationship between ethnic identities constructed in texts, cultural habitus attested in the archaeological record, and genetic profiles that can now be analysed through ancient DNA. What was the impact of migrations and mobility on the population of the Carpathian Basin? Was the late antique population replaced, did it mix with the newcomers, or did its descendants only adopt new cultural styles? To what degree did biological distinctions correspond to the cultural boundaries and/or ethnonyms in the texts? If pursued with methodological caution, this case study will have implications beyond the field. HistoGenes will analyse c. 6,000 samples from graves with cutting edge scientific methods, and contextualize the interpretation of these data in their archaeological and historical setting. The rapid progress of aDNA analysis and of bio-informatics now make such an enterprise viable. However, the methods of historical interpretation have not kept pace. HistoGenes will, for the first time, unite historians, archaeologists, geneticist, anthropologists, and specialists in bio-informatics, isotope analysis and other scientific methods. Many team members have already collaborated successfully in a pilot project, which has demonstrated the feasibility of the approach and of the integrated workflow at the core of the project. A wide range of particular historical questions will be addressed from an interdisciplinary perspective, and fundamental theoretical and methodological issues can be explored. HistoGenes will not only advance our knowledge about a key period in European history, but also establish new standards for the historical interpretation of genetic data.

Mots-clés : early middle ages,late antiquity,migration,ethnicity,transformation of the roman world,historical method,interdisciplinary method,steppe empires
Projet ERC : HistoGenes (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Synergy grants)
Entité participante : Curt Engelhorn Centre Archaeometry — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : CEZA
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 312500.0 €

Few parts of Europe witnessed so many population shifts in a few centuries as the Carpathian Basin in 400-900 CE. In this macro-region along the middle Danube, Pannonians, Romans, Goths, Gepids, Longobards, Avars, Bulgars, Slavs, Franks and many others came and went. This is an intriguing test case for the relationship between ethnic identities constructed in texts, cultural habitus attested in the archaeological record, and genetic profiles that can now be analysed through ancient DNA. What was the impact of migrations and mobility on the population of the Carpathian Basin? Was the late antique population replaced, did it mix with the newcomers, or did its descendants only adopt new cultural styles? To what degree did biological distinctions correspond to the cultural boundaries and/or ethnonyms in the texts? If pursued with methodological caution, this case study will have implications beyond the field. HistoGenes will analyse c. 6,000 samples from graves with cutting edge scientific methods, and contextualize the interpretation of these data in their archaeological and historical setting. The rapid progress of aDNA analysis and of bio-informatics now make such an enterprise viable. However, the methods of historical interpretation have not kept pace. HistoGenes will, for the first time, unite historians, archaeologists, geneticist, anthropologists, and specialists in bio-informatics, isotope analysis and other scientific methods. Many team members have already collaborated successfully in a pilot project, which has demonstrated the feasibility of the approach and of the integrated workflow at the core of the project. A wide range of particular historical questions will be addressed from an interdisciplinary perspective, and fundamental theoretical and methodological issues can be explored. HistoGenes will not only advance our knowledge about a key period in European history, but also establish new standards for the historical interpretation of genetic data.

Mots-clés : early middle ages,late antiquity,migration,ethnicity,transformation of the roman world,historical method,interdisciplinary method,steppe empires
Projet ERC : HistoGenes (Horizon 2020, appel 2019, Synergy grants)
Entité participante : Max Planck Society — Pays : Allemagne — Rôle : PI
Acronyme de l'entité : MPG
Type d'entité : Recherche
Financement ERC de l'entité : 3143750.0 €

Few parts of Europe witnessed so many population shifts in a few centuries as the Carpathian Basin in 400-900 CE. In this macro-region along the middle Danube, Pannonians, Romans, Goths, Gepids, Longobards, Avars, Bulgars, Slavs, Franks and many others came and went. This is an intriguing test case for the relationship between ethnic identities constructed in texts, cultural habitus attested in the archaeological record, and genetic profiles that can now be analysed through ancient DNA. What was the impact of migrations and mobility on the population of the Carpathian Basin? Was the late antique population replaced, did it mix with the newcomers, or did its descendants only adopt new cultural styles? To what degree did biological distinctions correspond to the cultural boundaries and/or ethnonyms in the texts? If pursued with methodological caution, this case study will have implications beyond the field. HistoGenes will analyse c. 6,000 samples from graves with cutting edge scientific methods, and contextualize the interpretation of these data in their archaeological and historical setting. The rapid progress of aDNA analysis and of bio-informatics now make such an enterprise viable. However, the methods of historical interpretation have not kept pace. HistoGenes will, for the first time, unite historians, archaeologists, geneticist, anthropologists, and specialists in bio-informatics, isotope analysis and other scientific methods. Many team members have already collaborated successfully in a pilot project, which has demonstrated the feasibility of the approach and of the integrated workflow at the core of the project. A wide range of particular historical questions will be addressed from an interdisciplinary perspective, and fundamental theoretical and methodological issues can be explored. HistoGenes will not only advance our knowledge about a key period in European history, but also establish new standards for the historical interpretation of genetic data.

Mots-clés : early middle ages,late antiquity,migration,ethnicity,transformation of the roman world,historical method,interdisciplinary method,steppe empires
Projet ERC : Fields4CAT (Horizon 2020, appel 2017, Consolidator grants)
Domaine scientifique : Physical Sciences and Engineering
Panel : Synthetic Chemistry and Materials
Entité participante : University of Barcelona — Pays : Espagne — Rôle : Partner
Acronyme de l'entité : UB
Type d'entité : Enseignement supérieur ou secondaire
Financement ERC de l'entité : 0.0 €

Fields4CAT aims to identify the nature and directionality of the driving forces in a redox enzyme that govern the catalytic chemical process. Industrial bio-manufacturing is one of the pillars of today’s world economy making its way to a sustainable development. Redox enzymes catalyze the most demanding chemical reactions under mild conditions, such as the oxy-functionalization of non-activated hydrocarbons, which usually requires harsh reaction conditions. Enzyme Biotechnology has greatly progressed thanks to rational mutagenesis schemes that draw upon the static X-ray structural information. The high complexity of enzymatic catalysis has, however, hampered its development because a single point mutation near the active site can affect several relevant parameters at the same time, obscuring the interpretation and constraining the rational design of technological biocatalysts. Fields4CAT proposes dissecting the relevant forces exerted over an individual catalytic active site in its wild-type state, and then using the resulting forces map to design enzyme/metal platforms with enhanced capabilities. To this aim, it develops in 3 blocks organized in a step-wise fashion: (i) block 1 sets up a electrochemical multi-stimuli single-protein toolbox (Ec-SPT) with capabilities to trap individual proteins in a nanoscale tunnelling junction and subject them to a variety of force stimuli, i.e. mechanical, electrostatic and magnetic. (ii) Block 2 designs the chemical electrical plugs that will specifically connect the enzyme to the junction electrodes with precise controlled orientation. (iii) Block 3 characterizes the single-protein electrical signatures of the enzyme activity and quantifies the catalytic effect of the different force stimuli along the vertical junction axis. Fields4CAT will identify new guidelines to bioengineer a redox enzyme/metal platform with tuned catalytic activity, bringing about new breakthroughs in the future of Bio-Catalysis.

Mots-clés : nano bioelectronics,single molecule biophysics,single protein junctions,nanoscale molecular devices,molecular nanoscience